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<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt; l\u00e0 ba chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111i v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. <\/p>\n\n\n\n
1. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng III, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 kheo: \u00abN\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0 duy, c\u00e1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng? L\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 hay vui? L\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. C\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 c\u00e1i \u1ea5y, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean suy ngh\u0129: “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i”? Th\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n (v\u00f4 ng\u00e3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 ba d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. M\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i mang ba d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ea4n l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc \u1ea5n hay khu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u. Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p hay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng trong l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong ba t\u1ea1ng th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n l\u00e0 ba khu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p g\u1ed3m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ba khu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u hay t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi suy t\u01b0, ng\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong kinh t\u1ea1ng A H\u00e0m, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tri\u1ec3n khai c\u1ee7a Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n. B\u1edfi l\u1ebd, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng dung ng\u00e3… C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean hay khu\u00f4n \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Anitya, h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian do c\u00e1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p duy\u00ean sanh \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0i thai, ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4n l\u1edbn, tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ea3 theo ngh\u0129a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, sinh h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, sinh l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00e2y, t\u1eeb c\u00e1i h\u1ea1t n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m, l\u1edbn l\u00ean, gi\u00e0 c\u1ed7i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u0129 m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t c\u1ef1c nh\u1ecf vi m\u00f4 nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, h\u1ea1t proton, h\u1ea1t neutron… lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n Danh v\u00e0 S\u1eafc, hay ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n – c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t – th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 sinh-v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng tan \u0111i khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u00ean, \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ed1i l\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed tan th\u00e0nh m\u01b0a, nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00f3 g\u1eb7p v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng. M\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m l\u00fd: c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, tri gi\u00e1c, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, t\u01b0 duy… c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ef1c ng\u1eafn m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1t-na. Trong khoa t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd theo th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd theo nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 vui th\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 bu\u1ed3n th\u00ec kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, \u01b0u s\u1ea7u. Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00ec vui m\u1eebng, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111au kh\u1ed5, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u…<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m di\u1ec5n ra r\u1ea5t nhanh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n trong khi g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nguy hi\u1ec3m: nh\u00e0 ch\u00e1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n qua \u0111\u1eddi…. Th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn hay \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 – ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n th\u1ee9 hai. Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh \u1edf ph\u1ea7n d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa. Trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u00e1t thi\u1ebfu nhi c\u0169ng \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u00e2u s\u1eafc: “Qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mang \u1ea5p\/ Th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i\/ Qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111i \u1ea5p\/ Th\u00e0nh ch\u00fa g\u00e0 con ra \u0111\u1eddi… Ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean gi\u1ea5u trong \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n tay\/ H\u00f4m qua l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m, h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y..<\/em>.” N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed tham \u00e1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111ang ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n s\u00e2u k\u00edn trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta. Do v\u1eady, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin cho m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2. Kh\u1ed5.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb Kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c. Theo H\u00e1n t\u1ef1, “Kh\u1ed5” c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafng – h\u00e0m \u00fd s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafng ch\u00e1t, chua cay, \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t an. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi: “To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong kh\u00f3i l\u1eeda, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0m m\u1ed3i cho l\u1eeda, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 run l\u1eadp c\u1eadp”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. D\u00e2n gian th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: \u0110\u1eddi l\u00e0 b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5, T\u00ecnh l\u00e0 d\u00e2y oan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y qua 8 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t kh\u1ed5: Sinh kh\u1ed5, L\u00e3o kh\u1ed5, B\u1ec7nh kh\u1ed5, T\u1eed kh\u1ed5, \u00c1i bi\u1ec7t ly kh\u1ed5, C\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, O\u00e1n t\u0103ng h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5, Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m th\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed5. (D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a: sinh ra kh\u1ed5, gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i xa l\u00eca nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n y\u00eau l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, mong mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng, kinh Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n cho n\u0103m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n. Trong c\u00e1c kinh v\u1ec1 sau, kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5. C\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta t\u00ecm c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu (kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd). V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0103n, kh\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ed1ng, y\u00eau m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec7t ly… N\u00f3i chung, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t an trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m-sinh l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng khi ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111ang tu\u1ed5i thanh xu\u00e2n ta tr\u1ebb kh\u1ecfe, s\u1eafc di\u1ec7n y\u00eau ki\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng mai v\u1ec1 gi\u00e0 nh\u0103n nheo x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 y\u1ebfu \u0111au, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. H\u1ec5 c\u00f3 sinh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn bi quan. Do v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng mang s\u1eb5n m\u1ea7m kh\u1ed5 trong \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i trong c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m-sinh-v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t an, b\u1ee9t r\u1ee9t, kh\u00f4ng an t\u1ecbnh trong t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – H\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5: H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u201cch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ecb sanh di\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 g\u00ec do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, sinh ra \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sanh t\u1eed. Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sanh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5. Cho n\u00ean trong c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a s\u1eb5n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u mang t\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t. Th\u1eadt ra, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t; v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u b\u1edfi b\u00f3ng h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang m\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do v\u1eady, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c hay ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, c\u00f2n th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh vi v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 mong \u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea1c, cho nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ec7nh khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u0169ng v\u1eady, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c khi m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t khi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, ch\u00fang ta r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t \u0111i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Can \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0 hoa sen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u1edf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t h\u00f4i tanh v\u1eabn v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecfa h\u01b0\u01a1ng; l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea9m s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi – v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong khi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, hay v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00f3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 sinh h\u1ecdc l\u1eabn suy ngh\u0129 \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i ta l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Trong c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5ng h\u00f2a c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp, trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh… <\/p>\n\n\n\n Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c Heraclite n\u00f3i: Kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1eafm hai l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed th\u00ec vi\u1ebft: \u201cTh\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 ph\u00f9, b\u1ea5t x\u1ea3 tr\u00fa d\u1ea1?\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cTr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y ho\u00e0i, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u01b0?\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ea3 Nho gia v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y nh\u00ecn chung tuy c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn Nai, kinh V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong th\u00e2n n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, s\u1eafc (th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd) n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, n\u1ebfu trong s\u1eafc c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh \u201cs\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 (v\u00f4 ng\u00e3), n\u00ean s\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p (ra l\u1ec7nh) \u201cs\u1eafc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay s\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kia\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i: th\u1ecd (c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c), t\u01b0\u1edfng (tri gi\u00e1c), h\u00e0nh (c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd), th\u1ee9c (nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c) c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. C\u1ea3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00e1i ng\u00e3\u201d hay m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng sanh ra t\u00e2m l\u00fd tham \u0111\u1eafm, m\u00ea say, \u00f4m \u00e2p, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n (ng\u00e3 s\u1edf). Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ecdi h\u1eefu th\u1ec3 hay ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn theo quy tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. S\u1ef1 sinh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ngay trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eed, hay h\u00e0nh, t\u1ea1i, ho\u1ea1i, di\u1ec7t, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc cho m\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu suy t\u01b0, c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc trong h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u1ebbo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n l\u1ee5y, tham \u00e1i – nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n th\u1ee9 ba trong Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 theo tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tr\u00f9m ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do v\u1eady, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 khi \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh t\u1eed, th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng – v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m-sinh-v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1eadt r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 ba ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng – kh\u1ed5 – v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u1ecdi suy t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p sai l\u1ea7m, khi \u0111\u00f3 Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ba chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda \u0111i v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c khu\u00f4n d\u1ea5u, nguy\u00ean l\u00fd y c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh, t\u00e1i th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Di\u1ec7u Minh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t (Tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n, sa. trilak\u1e63a\u1e47a) c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong> l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 sinh ra c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh<\/strong>, Tr\u1ee5<\/strong>, Ho\u1ea1i<\/strong>, Kh\u00f4ng<\/strong> (sinh, tr\u1ee5<\/strong>, d\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/strong> (ch\u1eef H\u00e1n<\/a>: \u56db\u5999\u8ae6, ti\u1ebfng B\u1eafc Ph\u1ea1n<\/a> catv\u0101ry \u0101ryasaty\u0101ni<\/em>, ti\u1ebfng Nam Ph\u1ea1n<\/a> catt\u0101ri ariya-sacc\u0101ni<\/em>, ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/a> bden pa bzhi<\/em> \u0f56\u0f51\u0f7a\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f5e\u0f72\u0f0b), c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf<\/strong> (zh. \u56db\u8056\u8ae6), l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao c\u1ea3, l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/a>. T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung trong s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni<\/a>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i kinh Kinh Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 hai “l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh”, \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf<\/a> \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft.<\/a>Bia \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 minh ho\u1ea1 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n Hi\u1ec7n nay gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf<\/a> l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/a>. Th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Sau khi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1ea1i Varanasi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u1edbi 5 anh em Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 (A\u00f1\u00f1a Ko\u1e47\u1e0da\u00f1\u00f1a). Trong l\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p: T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\nII.V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng <\/h2>\n\n\n\n
III.T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
![<\/a>Bia \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed5 minh ho\u1ea1 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\nHi\u1ec7n nay gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf<\/a> l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m chung \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/a>. Th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Sau khi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, t\u1ea1i Varanasi, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u1edbi 5 anh em Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 (A\u00f1\u00f1a Ko\u1e47\u1e0da\u00f1\u00f1a). Trong l\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p: T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\nB\u00e0i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u \u201cth\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t\u201d g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba<\/a>. Ch\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\nIV.B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/h2>\n\n\n\nCh\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt xung quanh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 m\u00ea l\u1ea1c.<\/li>Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp.<\/li>Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i sao cho \u0111\u00fang, n\u00f3i sao cho ngay th\u1eb3ng, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ea7n tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c, tr\u00e1nh n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 b\u1ed5<\/li>Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed.<\/li>Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0103n sinh s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00e1nh ngh\u1ec1 s\u00e1t sinh, b\u00e0i b\u1ea1c, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed, v\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1eddng\u2026<\/li>Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 si\u00eang n\u0103ng, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp.<\/li>Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb, suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00e1nh t\u00e2m.<\/li>Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng tham-s\u00e2n-si.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\nV.T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 <\/h2>\n\n\n\nB\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m<\/p>\n\n\n\n1. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n:<\/em><\/strong><\/h5>\n\n\n\nQu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7mn\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean, thanh th\u1ea3n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng oai nghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\na\/ Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua h\u01a1i th\u1edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n s\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c (\u0111\u1ebfm h\u01a1i th\u1edf). Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua h\u01a1i th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfm h\u01a1i th\u1edf m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o, h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u00fac \u1ea5y ta \u0111ang \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. H\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, nh\u1ecbn u\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu th\u1edf trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3. Trong kinh T\u1ee9 th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa m\u00f4n: M\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u? V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y. V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 hai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa \u0103n. Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o hai v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u1ecb th\u1ee9 ba tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u1eebng h\u01a1i th\u1edf. Ph\u1eadt khen v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1edf su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt khi ch\u00fang ta n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang taqu\u00e1 b\u1eadn b\u1ecbu lo cho c\u00e1i \u0103n c\u00e1i m\u1eb7c m\u00e0 qu\u00ean \u0111i t\u00ednh di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i th\u1edf. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u01b0a quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1i th\u1edf cho bu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Khi lo l\u1eafng, c\u00e1u gi\u1eadn l\u00e0m cho tim \u0111\u1eadp nhanh, ph\u1ed5i kh\u00f3 h\u1ea5p thu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh l\u00fac n\u00e0y vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng, gi\u00fap ta l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1itr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. Khi h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n s\u1ebd sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTh\u1eadt ra, vi\u1ec7c h\u00edt v\u00e0o th\u1edf ra s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong khi th\u1edf. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y khi h\u00edt v\u00e0o th\u1edf rata ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u1ea5y. H\u01a1i th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i, ng\u1eafn th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 d\u00e0i, ng\u1eafn th\u1eadt s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o. Ng\u00e0y nay trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u0103n minh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 con thoi trong khung c\u1eedi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp ph\u00e9p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. \u1ede m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\nb\/ Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u1ed3i, n\u1eb1m, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ngkh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, nh\u1eb1m ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTh\u1eadt ra, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m t\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 sanh kh\u1edfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c trong t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t nh\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf, khi \u0111i ta bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh\u0111ang \u0111i, khi \u0111\u1ee9ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng\u2026 Bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. S\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, s\u1ed1ng trong t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 trong an l\u1ea1c. \u00dd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ta \u0111ang \u0111i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi m\u00e2y n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi c\u1ecf c\u00e2y hoa l\u00e1 chim mu\u00f4ng\u2026 M\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a ta \u0111ang h\u00f2a v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, h\u00f2a v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la, v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00dd th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb m\u00e0 ta n\u00f3i ra \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m t\u01b0, suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n l\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ta ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTh\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Do v\u1eady, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghe ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111ang ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cho vay ch\u01b0a l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u1eed h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1chay \u0111ang vun \u0111\u1eafp cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i lo toan s\u1ea7u n\u00e3o? Do v\u1eady, \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Khi ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra: ho\u1eb7c ta \u0111ang \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ecnh trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec ngay \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p r\u1ed3i. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ta t\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u00abt\u00f4i\u00ab trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ee9c t\u01b0 duy h\u1eefu ng\u00e3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m tinh c\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c. C\u00f2n khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ta \u0111ang h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u00abt\u00f4i\u00ab th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 trong d\u00f2ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\nNh\u01b0 v\u1eady, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap ta ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp oai nghi ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u01b0a ta tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; xa l\u00eca l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1eb1ng mong c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\nc\/ Qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n\n\n\nB\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ta \u00edt khi \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft. Ta ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9\u2026 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, cho th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd. Ta t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed th\u00e2n ta, v\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi con m\u1eaft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, nhan s\u1eafc\u2026 Ta n\u00e2ng niu, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ta th\u1eadt kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n khi ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft l\u00e9, m\u0169i t\u1eb9t\u2026 ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTh\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb9p hay x\u1ea5u, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, t\u1ee9c b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi: \u0111\u1ecba gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn (x\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ecbt), th\u1ee7y gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng (m\u00e1u, m\u1ee7\u2026), h\u1ecfa gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9), phong gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9ng (h\u01a1i th\u1edf).<\/p>\n\n\n\nTrong kinh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (Trung B\u1ed9 I), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n s\u00e1tth\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau: qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi l\u1edbp da v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 sai bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ngay khi c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 huy\u1ebft kh\u00ed m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n khi ta qu\u00e1n m\u1ed9t thi th\u1ec3 qu\u0103ng ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n thi th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean, th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa ra. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 hai qu\u00e1n thi th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i chim v\u00e0 c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 ba qu\u00e1n thi th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft d\u00ednh v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ee3i g\u00e2n. B\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n thi th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c, theo th\u1eddi gian tan ho\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t tr\u1eafng. Trong khi qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng: \u00abTh\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y\u00ab. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft. Th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua th\u00ec m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. M\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ta y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1ng tro t\u00e0n ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh. X\u1ea5u \u2013 \u0111\u1eb9p, gi\u00e0u \u2013 ngh\u00e8o, sang \u2013 h\u00e8n\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta bi quanv\u1ec1 n\u00f3, b\u1ecf r\u01a1i hay h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed bi quan v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n m\u00e0 bi quan, t\u1ee9c ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\nB\u1edfi l\u1ebd, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc, qu\u1ecb l\u1ee5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. Qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\nT\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean hai m\u1eb7t: qu\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ph\u1ea7n t\u1ebf. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u1ed3i, n\u1eb1m\u2026 Ph\u1ea7n t\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n th\u00e2nn\u00e0y do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u v\u1edbi nhau qua c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n2. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ecd:<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\na\/ Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\nTh\u1ecd l\u00e0 n\u00f3i t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. Khi nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec, hay ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd. Th\u1ecd g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ecd. Hai m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2n th\u1ecd m\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd, ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. T\u1eeb \u00fd n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fdh\u01b0ng kh\u1edfi sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u00edch th\u00fa tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n\u2026 B\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd trung dung, kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda kh\u1ed5. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 quan, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\nC\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do v\u1eady, qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u00e2m l\u00fd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\nb\/ N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ecd<\/p>\n\n\n\n\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: n\u1ed9i c\u0103n, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7nv\u00e0 x\u00fac. Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng III, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u00f5: \u00abTh\u1ecd do nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sanh, th\u1ecd do nh\u0129 x\u00fac sanh\u2026 th\u1ecd do \u00fd x\u00fac sanh. Do x\u00fac sanh kh\u1edfi n\u00ean th\u1ecd sanh kh\u1edfi, do x\u00fac \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u00ean th\u1ecd \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t\u00ab. S\u00e1u x\u00fac x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan: m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u00e1u c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng: s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p. C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, vui, trung t\u00ednh l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadtd\u1ea1y: \u00abN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, do duy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1ea1c n\u00ean l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u1edfi. Do duy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd kh\u1edfi. Do duy\u00ean ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c n\u00ean b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u1edfi\u00ab (theo kinh Trung B\u1ed9 III, s\u1ed1 140). V\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Khi c\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n duy\u00ean nhau, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, hay b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd. Khi ta nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1ea3y ra: ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb9p, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4ng hoa \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m\u2026 th\u00ec c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd s\u1ebd sanh kh\u1edfi. N\u1ebfu b\u00f4ng hoa c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ta th\u00ec ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd sanh kh\u1edfi. C\u00f2n khi nh\u00ecn b\u00f4ng hoa ta v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng d\u1ecb \u1ee9ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, nh\u01b0ng ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 n\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u00fa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng vui sanh kh\u1edfi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadtkh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u00abKhi th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch, trong tr\u1eafng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1edd th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ee9c tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5\u00ab (s\u0111d).<\/p>\n\n\n\nCh\u00fang ta th\u1ecd nh\u1eefng g\u00ec v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao n\u00f3i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5? C\u1ea3 ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t; thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i th\u1ecd hay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ecd. Ta th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, l\u00e0 ta. Mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, ta th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u trang b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng; v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u00abc\u00e1i ta\u00ab v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u1ecd c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lo s\u1ee3 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y ch\u1ebft s\u1edbm kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lo s\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp v\u00e0 th\u1eadt kh\u1ed5 \u0111au khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra. Khi sa c\u01a1 l\u1ee1 v\u1eadn tr\u1edf n\u00ean tr\u1eafng tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1edd v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, danh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, ti\u1ebfng khen, l\u1eddi ch\u00ea, l\u00f2ng tham, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ngc\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Khi s\u00e1u c\u0103n duy\u00eans\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n sinh ra c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i th\u1ecd. C\u1ea3m th\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ecd. Chung qui d\u00f9 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c: t\u00e0i, s\u1eafc, danh, th\u1ef1c, th\u00f9y (t\u1ee9c c\u00e1c ham mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c \u2013 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, danh v\u1ecdng \u2013 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, \u0103n ngon, ng\u1ee7 k\u1ef9). Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay an l\u1ea1c t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u00ec lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. Bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. S\u1ed1ng trong l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y, s\u1ed1ng trong kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c v\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00e0 li\u1ec5u tri \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n3. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m:<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\na\/ T\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\nKhi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00e2m l\u00e0\u2026 nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. V\u00ec l\u1ebd, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ngc\u1ee7a th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n t\u1ebf. Tuy th\u1ebf, ta v\u1eabn n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3. Ta v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m qua c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, t\u00e2m \u00e1c, t\u00e2m \u00edch k\u1ef7, t\u00e2m tham, t\u00e2m s\u00e2n\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hai ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. T\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m \u00e1c, t\u00e2m tham ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t t\u00e2m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (t\u00e2m t\u1eeb)\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\nb\/ N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/p>\n\n\n\nQu\u00e1n t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta \u0111ang d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m, ngay trong b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta \u0111ang \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c. Th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n. T\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (giao c\u1ea3m), n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au kh\u1ed5v\u00e0 an t\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m kha kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa: t\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh. Th\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 do n\u0103m c\u0103n b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a (thi\u1ebfu \u0103n, thi\u1ebfu u\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c men\u2026). T\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do tham, s\u00e2n, si: nh\u1eefng vi tr\u00f9ng g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. Tham v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3iv\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m\u2026 Tham kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au s\u1ea7u n\u00e3om\u00e0 sinh ra b\u1ec7nh. V\u00e0 th\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. C\u00f3 khi th\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec7nh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi t\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\nT\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, t\u00f9y theo \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1ch quan hay ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 con v\u01b0\u1ee3n leo c\u00e2y, chuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e0nh n\u00e0y sang c\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y. Ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ni\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c, sanh di\u1ec7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5. H\u00f4m nay y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c, ng\u00e0y mai l\u1ea1i gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf. T\u00e2m l\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sanh di\u1ec7t. Do v\u1eady, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u00e2m sanh l\u00e0 do s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng do duy\u00ean sinh, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Cho n\u00ean t\u00e2m c\u0169ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u2013 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u00abN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, ch\u1ea5p t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, c\u00f2n sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n. V\u00ec th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m cho t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m, c\u00f2n t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec sanh di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed5i thay trong t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat\u00ab (T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m, T.II). Th\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m khi ch\u1ea5p r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i. V\u00ec nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 tham, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 s\u00e2n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 khai ph\u00f3ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n4. Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p:<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\na\/ Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\nCh\u1eef \u00abph\u00e1p\u00ab kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u1edf nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng tri gi\u00e1c. Theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1eef ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd. Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai nh\u00f3m: s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p. S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c; nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, c\u00e1i c\u00e2y, ly n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026 T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y , con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 hai ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n: s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1eafc trong 5 u\u1ea9n (th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd). T\u00e2m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c; l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9cn\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 suy l\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u01b0 l\u1ef1\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1it\u00e2m l\u00fd bu\u1ed3n, vui\u2026 V\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ef1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m khi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m Tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i v\u00e0 n\u0103m Thi\u1ec1n chi (1), hay ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi (2).<\/p>\n\n\n\nb\/ N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\nCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y ta c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\nTrong c\u00e1c kinh \u2013 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 bao g\u1ed3m ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, hay s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 chung cho th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi. S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh n\u00ean ch\u00fang l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng. Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam d\u1ea1y: \u00abNh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng h\u1eefu sanh, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ly t\u00e1n h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t\u00ab. Khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chanh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi: n\u00e0o l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 chanh\u2026 T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta c\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00f3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i c\u0103n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, v\u00e0o x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c. Khi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u duy\u00ean sinhv\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\nC\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1eddi gian\u00a0n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i theo qui lu\u1eadt sinh \u2013 th\u00e0nh \u2013 ho\u1ea1i \u2013 di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1ingo\u00e0i t\u00e2m,\u00a0t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u1ec3\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1ingo\u00e0i th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c. Do v\u1eady,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p\u00a0nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu\u00a0sau khi\u00a0s\u1eafc th\u00e2n\u00a0h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t.\u00a0S\u1edf d\u0129\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu\u00a0v\u00e0 xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, l\u00e0 do kh\u1eb3ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0theo\u00a0th\u1eddi gian\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.\u00a0\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n, ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u2013 theo\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0l\u00e0 th\u1eadt\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m\u00a0v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u00a0v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfngc\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c\u00a0sai l\u1ea1c\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n\nT\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/a><\/blockquote>](\"https:\/\/vi.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/T%E1%BA%ADp_tin:Sanchi_Stupa_2_elephants_and_Dharmachakra.jpg\"){kind=link}