Ngu\u1ed3n : thuvienhoasen.org<\/p>\n\n\n\n
NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C LO\u00c0I NG\u01af\u1edcI <\/strong> N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh T\u1ed5-ti\u00ean xa x\u01b0a l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta; n\u00f3 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi suy ngh\u0129, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf-gian n\u00e0y do m\u1ed9t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-\u0110\u1ebf sinh ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft trong Th\u00e1nh Kinh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do-Th\u00e1i gi\u00e1o (Xin mi\u1ec5n b\u00e0n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi do m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i Kh\u1ec9-\u0110\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh t\u00ean Charles-Robert-Darwin (1809-1882) nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i Kh\u1ec9-\u0110\u1ed9t m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ra (Xin mi\u1ec5n b\u00e0n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hay ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch hai thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 to\u00e0n quy\u1ec1n suy x\u00e9t, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. D\u00f9 sao \u0111i n\u1eefa, ch\u00e2n-l\u00fd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; d\u00f9 th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 tr\u00f4i \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed7, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ea3i qua ngh\u00ecn mu\u00f4n \u1ee9c t\u1ef7 n\u0103m sau, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ch\u00e2u Phi, ch\u00e2u M\u1ef9, hay ch\u00e2u \u00dac \u0111i n\u1eefa, ch\u00e2n-l\u00fd v\u1eabn b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin ghi l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-gi\u00e1o do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng Ph\u1eadt- nh\u00e3n (m\u1eaft Ph\u1eadt) chi\u1ebfu soi, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 t\u1ef7 n\u0103m, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y. T\u00f4i vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m-phu m\u00e0 vi\u1ebft, ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt-gi\u00e1o T\u1ed1i-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-th\u1eeba; theo Ph\u1eadt-gi\u00e1o T\u1ed1i-th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-th\u1eeba th\u00ec: \u201cNh\u01b0-Lai kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0\u201d. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n-t\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng gian ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3, ch\u00e2n-t\u00e1nh c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp th\u1eddi gian l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t q\u00faa kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 kia n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (th\u1ebf gian) h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ecfa tai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebft \u0111i, h\u00f3a sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Quang-\u00c2m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi Nh\u1ecb-thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. (Khi c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7y tai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i, h\u00f3a sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Bi\u1ebfn-T\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi Tam-thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc-gi\u1edbi. Khi c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i Phong tai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111i h\u00f3a sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Q\u1ee7a-Th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi T\u1ee9-thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc-gi\u1edbi). C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi \u1edf Quang-\u00c2m Thi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u00e0 8 A-T\u0103ng-K\u1ef3 (1 A-T\u0103ng k\u1ef3 = 1 Ki\u1ebfp = 16,798,000 n\u0103m, s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh sau, \u1edf m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i tai h\u1ecda).<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f5i Quang-\u00c2m Thi\u00ean khi th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft, h\u1ecd ch\u1ebft \u0111i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 h\u00f3a-sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng-Ph\u1ea1m (Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi S\u01a1-thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc-gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean (v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi \u1edf c\u00f5i Kh\u00f4ng-Ph\u1ea1m) h\u00f3a-sinh ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: \u201cTa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1ea1o ra ta. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1-t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 vi di\u1ec7u b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t. Ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 do s\u1ee9c ta m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh, ta t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang-sanh\u201d.<\/em> V\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ta ngh\u0129: \u201cPh\u1ea3i chi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec ta vui bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y! V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh sinh ra, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ta s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh sinh ra sau, do \u0111\u00f3 ta l\u00e0 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean h\u00f3a-sinh ra sau t\u1ea1i c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng-Ph\u1ea1m c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: \u201cV\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng do ai sinh ra v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a l\u00fd, r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1-t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a ra. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y vi di\u1ec7u b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u h\u01a1n ch\u00fang ta; tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, sau m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o ra ch\u00fang ta\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang-sanh t\u1ea1i c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng-Ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y theo ph\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c q\u1ee7a b\u00e1o l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Vi di\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, uy nghi, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1; v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean v\u00ed nh\u01b0 vua c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean th\u00e2n c\u1eadn, v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m-Ch\u00fang-Thi\u00ean bao quanh. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t 1 Ti\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfp r\u01b0\u1ee1i = 16,798,000 + 8,399,000 = 25,197,000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean, k\u00e9m v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb quan \u0111\u1ea1i-th\u1ea7n; c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u m\u1ed9t Ti\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfp = 16,798,000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ph\u1ea1m-Ch\u00fang-Thi\u00ean<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean; Ph\u1ea1m-Ch\u00fang-Thi\u00ean s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda Ti\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfp = 16,798,000 \/ 2 = 8,399,000 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean tu\u1ef3 theo th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ebft, qua \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 sinh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t (th\u1ebf-gian) n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh sinh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf-gian n\u00e0y khi m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh-tinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n c\u1ed1 r\u1ed3i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp (l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba); ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau khi b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i (t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba) b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t trong ba \u0111\u1ea1i tai h\u1ecda, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1ecfa tai, \u0111\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7y tai, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i Phong tai (s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c sau). Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u do h\u00f3a-sinh m\u00e0 ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang-sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fang-sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sinh ra t\u00f9y theo th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng h\u1ebft t\u1ea1i c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng-Ph\u1ea1m. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5y h\u00f3a sinh ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do ch\u00fang-sanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ra ch\u00fang-sanh sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y: kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o tr\u00f4ng nom, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c sinh s\u1ed1ng; h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 vui v\u1ebb, thanh tao, nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n l\u00e0m th\u1ee9c \u0103n. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ng\u00e0y nay, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2y ph\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, l\u1ea1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe, th\u1eadt sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, soi chi\u1ebfu kh\u1eafp chung quanh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ban \u0111\u00eam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ban ng\u00e0y. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n-t\u00fac-th\u00f4ng \u0111i, bay tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, an l\u1ea1c, t\u1ef1-t\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam vui v\u1ebb bay nh\u1ea3y \u0111\u00f9a r\u1ee1n v\u1edbi nhau th\u1ecfa th\u00edch. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chi c\u1ea3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng thanh tao nh\u00e0n h\u1ea1; h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec \u0111i, mu\u1ed1n ngh\u1ec9 th\u00ec ngh\u1ec9, mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ee7 th\u00ec ng\u1ee7, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nam n\u1eef ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u00ec h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhau, m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang-sanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4n ty tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi, ai c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ai, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m t\u1edbi ai v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 tranh gi\u00e0nh c\u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ebb gi\u00e0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang-sanh\u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1ebb nh\u01b0 nhau; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau, khi n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n th\u00ec n\u00f3i ta, ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang-sanh kia, ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ng\u01b0\u01a1i v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ebf-gian n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fang-sanh (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi) h\u00f3a-sinh ra, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang-sanh; c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng an nh\u00e0n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham lam, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadn h\u1eddn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb9p x\u1ea5u, h\u01a1n thua, ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i, y\u00eau gh\u00e9t, \u0111\u00f3i no v.v.., ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t tranh c\u00e3i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tranh c\u00e3i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ecba (q\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn) n\u00e0y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u1ecb ngon nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3; nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec sinh t\u00e2m th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi nhau: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i l\u1ea1 n\u00e0y bao gi\u1edd, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ra?\u201d<\/em>\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: \u201cKh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i n\u00e0y ra sao, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i g\u00ec, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb g\u00ec?\u201d<\/em> Ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ea5m r\u1ed3i ng\u1eedi th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i g\u00ec c\u1ea3. H\u1ecd l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1-h\u1ed3 cho v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng n\u1ebfm th\u1eed. Sau khi n\u1ebfm, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y ngon h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0 h\u1ecd khen:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cC\u00e1i n\u00e0y ngon, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y ngon qu\u00e1!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y khen ngon, c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m theo, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ea5m n\u1ebfm th\u1eed. L\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ebfm th\u1eed, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y ngon, li\u1ec1n sinh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafm nhi\u1ec5m, c\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5m n\u1ebfm ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i; d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u00e2m \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng, h\u1ecd d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 b\u00e0n tay b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y tay b\u1ed1c \u0103n. C\u00e0ng \u0103n, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafm nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean h\u1ecd b\u1ed1c \u0103n m\u00e3i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0103n m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang-sanh tr\u1edf n\u00ean n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bay tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ch\u00fang-sanh m\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh \u1ea5y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u than van v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u00e2n h\u1ecd m\u1ea5t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef t\u00e2m \u01b0a th\u00edch v\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng d\u00f9ng tay b\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, r\u1ed3i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t (v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea5m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p xa x\u00f4i, v\u00e0 b\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i), c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh d\u00f9ng ng\u00f3n tay b\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00ecm n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1ebfm (\u0103n) th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ea5m n\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u00e3o m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 b\u00f9n, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ngon; h\u1ecd b\u00e8n \u0103n \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u00e3o m\u1ec1m \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cV\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/em> Ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y khen ngon c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y tay b\u1ed1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t \u0103n. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0o \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec nhan s\u1eafc tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0o \u0103n \u00edt v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec nhan s\u1eafc c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p; l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sinh t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nhan s\u1eafc, dung m\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb9p x\u1ea5u. (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-H\u00e0m, Q2, t\u1eeb504 \u0111\u1ebfn 512)<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i: <\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ta \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ng\u01b0\u01a1i x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang-sanh s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, r\u1ed3i d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ec1m n\u1eefa; b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang-sanh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u than th\u1edf m\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u1ed5 thay, kh\u1ed5 thay, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tai h\u1ecda, t\u1ea1i sao v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ngon, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i: \u201cNgon qu\u00e1, ngon qu\u00e1!\u201d,<\/em> nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n ngon \u1ea5y b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m nh\u1edb ti\u1ebfc, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u; nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh nh\u1edb ti\u1ebfc v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u0169ng bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sinh t\u00e2m bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp v\u1ecf m\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh ng\u00e0y nay (c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ee5t l\u1edbn, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee5c l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng; sau khi h\u1ebft l\u1ee5t l\u1ed9i, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i c\u1ea1n \u0111i, \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng n\u1ee9t n\u1ebb, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t m\u1ecfng \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang-sanh b\u00e8n b\u00f3c l\u1ea5y l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cV\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/em> D\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0103n v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u00f9i v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ngon mi\u1ec7ng. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0o \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u nhan s\u1eafc tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u x\u00ed h\u01a1n, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0o \u0103n \u00edt th\u00ec c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p. Ch\u00fang-sanh tranh c\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 dung m\u1ea1o nhan s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ta \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 Ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ng\u01b0\u01a1i x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n ch\u00fang-sanh kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 sau c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 n\u1ea5m m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u1ea5m c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i; ch\u00fang-sanh th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec th\u1eafc m\u1eafc h\u1ecfi nhau: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng l\u1ea1 q\u00faa, ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt n\u00e0y bao gi\u1edd, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? v.v…\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ecd b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y tay s\u1edd th\u1ea5y m\u1ec1m, h\u1ecd b\u00e8n c\u1ea7m c\u00e2y n\u1ea5m k\u00e9o l\u00ean r\u1ed3i \u0103n th\u1eed, h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y ngon ng\u1ecdt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m v\u1ecb ngon h\u01a1n v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t; h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201cN\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d,<\/em> v\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u1ecdc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00ean. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i cho nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c nghe n\u00f3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang-sanh th\u00f4i \u0103n v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau \u0103n n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0o \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u nhan s\u1eafc tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0o \u0103n \u00edt nhan s\u1eafc c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh sinh t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tranh c\u00e3i \u0111\u1eb9p x\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – S\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i k\u00e9m s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ta \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u01b0\u01a1i x\u1ea5u, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ta h\u01a1n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ng\u01b0\u01a1i x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n ta nhi\u1ec1u, ng\u01b0\u01a1i x\u1ea5u q\u00faa, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u01a1i x\u1ea5u th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p, ch\u00fang-sanh kia x\u1ea5u, t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang-sanh sinh t\u00e2m h\u01a1n k\u00e9m, \u00f4m l\u00f2ng c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng; h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u, r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u00edt \u0111i; ch\u00fang-sanh th\u1ea5y n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111i, h\u1ecd t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 than v\u00e3n v\u1edbi nhau, m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang-sanh h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – T\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i sao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xa \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fang-sanh n\u00f3i: \u201cKh\u1ed5 thay, kh\u1ed5 thay, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tai h\u1ecda cho ch\u00fang ta, t\u1ea1i sao n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u00edt \u0111i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd r\u1ee7 nhau \u0111i ch\u1ed7 xa t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, \u0111ang khi n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t \u00edt d\u1ea7n \u0111i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh \u0111\u1ec1u lo l\u1eafng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00faa g\u1ea1o, l\u00faa m\u00ec, l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch v.v… <\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u00ean ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 sinh ra; c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng, ch\u00fang-sanh th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf th\u00ec l\u1ea5y \u0103n th\u1eed, h\u1ecd \u0103n th\u1ea5y b\u00f9i b\u00f9i, ngon ngon, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m. H\u1ecd b\u00e8n l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o nhau c\u00f9ng \u0103n. Do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y n\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cH\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o, h\u1ea1i m\u00ec. h\u1ea1t m\u1ea1ch, v.v..\u201d.<\/em> T\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang-sanh c\u00f9ng nhau l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, h\u1ecd \u0103n h\u1ea1t trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4 x\u1ea5u h\u01a1n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ea9y n\u1edf m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh sai kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb: \u201cCh\u00fang-sanh Nam (\u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng), ch\u00fang-sanh N\u1eef (\u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0)\u201d.<\/em> Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh nam l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1eef, ph\u00e1i n\u1eef l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i nam. C\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u00edch nh\u00ecn ch\u00fang-sanh ph\u00e1i kia, h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn nhau, v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn nhau kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u00e1n, h\u1ecd nh\u00ecn nhau m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i. R\u1ed3i ch\u00fang-sanh ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sinh t\u00e2m th\u00edch th\u00fa, l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn ph\u00e1i kia, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nhau; h\u1ecd th\u00edch nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm (v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 S\u1eafc) vu\u1ed1t ve (v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 X\u00fac ch\u1ea1m) nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a nhau, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00edch n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n (v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u1ec1 Thanh), khen ng\u1ee3i l\u1eabn nhau. (Trung A-H\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n 3, t\u1eeb 526 \u0111\u1ebfn 532)<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u01b0\u1edfng (\u00fd ngh\u0129) d\u1ee5c (d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c) t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh, ch\u00fang-sanh nam v\u00e0 ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1eef c\u00f9ng nhau t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o hay ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, \u00f4m \u1ea5p, vu\u1ed1t ve, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh (l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh). Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf, b\u00e8n n\u00f3i: \u201cThan \u00f4i! \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c sai tr\u00e1i, t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang-sanh nam n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1eef kia l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c x\u1ea5u xa nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Danh t\u1eeb \u201c\u00d4m \u1ea5p, vu\u1ed1t ve, d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh\u201d<\/em> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3; nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh nam l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch th\u00ec \u0103n n\u0103n v\u00e0 n\u00f3i: \u201cVi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 sai qu\u1ea5y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u xa, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e1ng khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ee9c th\u00ec ch\u00fang-sanh nam \u1ea5y gieo m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1eef th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf th\u00ec lo ch\u00fang-sanh nam \u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3i, n\u00ean b\u00e8n \u0111i l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t (th\u1ee9c \u0103n) \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u0103n, ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c th\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ng\u01b0\u01a1i mang th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ch\u00fang-sanh nam kia v\u00ec \u0103n n\u0103n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean gieo th\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, t\u00f4i s\u1ee3 h\u1eafn \u0111\u00f3i n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111em th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ebfn cho h\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m d\u1ee5c (Ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c: S\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, v\u00e0 x\u00fac). V\u1ec1 sau ch\u00fang-sanh c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tham \u0111\u1eafm l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n che k\u00edn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u00f2m ng\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean h\u1ecd m\u1edbi t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i hang h\u1ed1c, g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o ra ng\u0103n che ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o. B\u1edfi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u1ea5y n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb: \u201cHang \u1ed5, ch\u1ed7 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, ch\u1ed7 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, t\u00fap l\u1ec1u, nh\u00e0, v.v…\u201d<\/em> v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang-sanh nam, ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1eef \u1edf chung l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u00e2n t\u00ecnh, ch\u1ed3ng v\u1ee3\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ebft h\u1ea1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ebft ph\u00fac b\u00e1o n\u00ean ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 sinh \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ho\u00e1-sinh n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 \u1edf trong b\u00e0o thai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1eef. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb: \u201cC\u00f3 thai, c\u00f3 ch\u1eeda, c\u00f3 b\u1ea7u, b\u00e0o thai, \u0111\u1ebb con, sinh con, con trai, con g\u00e1i v.v…\u201d,<\/em> t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho con khi m\u1edbi sinh \u0111\u1ebb ra, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u1eef s\u1ed1ng chung c\u00f3 con l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u201dgia \u0111\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: t\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t v\u1ecf m\u1ec1m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang-sanh l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n, khi h\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y \u0111i r\u1ed3i, nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i sinh ra. S\u00e1ng l\u1ea5y chi\u1ec1u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3, chi\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau c\u00f3, v\u00ec v\u1eady n\u00ean l\u1ea5y ho\u00e0i, \u0103n ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft; h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u r\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: \u201cN\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t th\u00ec nh\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng qu\u00e1, nay ta n\u00ean l\u1ea5y g\u1ea5p hai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n trong hai ng\u00e0y\u201d.<\/em> Sau khi ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang-sanh \u1ea5y b\u00e8n \u0111i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n trong hai ng\u00e0y, \u201cT\u00e2m tham\u201d<\/em> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y. Khi ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ee7 \u0111i l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t, th\u00ec ch\u00fang-sanh \u1ea5y n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n trong hai ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111i l\u1ea5y n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u01a1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111i tu\u1ef3 \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1ecd nghe n\u00f3i th\u1ebf, b\u00e8n ngh\u0129: \u201cCh\u00fang-sanh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n trong hai ng\u00e0y, sao ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n trong ba ng\u00e0y?\u201d<\/em> Ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ed3i, li\u1ec1n \u0111i l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0103n trong ba ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 ch\u00fang-sanh kia \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1ecd v\u00e0 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng \u0111i l\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m (h\u1ea1t) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n,<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang-sanh n\u1ecd n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n trong ba ng\u00e0y r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ef3 \u00fd \u0111i l\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang-sanh kia nghe xong t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129: \u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0103n trong ba ng\u00e0y, ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, ta s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef \u0103n trong n\u0103m ng\u00e0y\u201d.<\/em> Ch\u00fang-sanh kia b\u00e8n \u0111i l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee7 \u0103n trong n\u0103m ng\u00e0y, t\u1ea5t c\u00e3 ch\u00fang-sanh \u0111\u1ec1u sinh t\u00e2m \u201ctranh \u0111ua\u201d<\/em> nhau t\u00edch tr\u1eef h\u1ea1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng m\u00e3i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t sinh ra \u201cc\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u1ee9ng, c\u00f3 tr\u1ea5u\u201d<\/em> kh\u00f4ng \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf v\u1ecf \u0111i m\u1edbi \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi h\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y \u0111i r\u1ed3i, nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sinh ra nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf: c\u1ecf l\u0103n, c\u1ecf l\u00e1c, v.v… xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang-sanh g\u1eb7p nhau k\u00eau than, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd \u00f4m b\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 than n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cKh\u1ed5 thay, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tai h\u1ecda, bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao b\u00e2y gi\u1edd? Ch\u00fang ta tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u00f3a-sinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 rong ch\u01a1i, nh\u00e0n t\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m vui v\u1ebb th\u1ecfa th\u00edch (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i). Tr\u00ean th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t ra \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, n\u00ean nh\u00ecn kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u00eam c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y (C\u00f3 h\u00e0o quang). Ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i bay tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i (C\u00f3 th\u1ea7n t\u00fac).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n R\u1ed3i sau n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eafc m\u1eafc mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 v\u1eadt g\u00ec (kh\u1edfi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean) n\u00ean d\u00f9ng ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ea5m qu\u1ec7t cho v\u00e0o m\u0169i ng\u1eedi (kh\u1edfi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 hai), r\u1ed3i cho v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng n\u1ebfm th\u1eed (kh\u1edfi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1ee9 ba). Khi n\u1ebfm th\u1eed th\u1ea5y v\u1ecb l\u1ea1, ngon (d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u1ecb), ch\u00fang ta li\u1ec1n sinh ra \u01b0a th\u00edch, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfm m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng; l\u00f2ng tham \u0111\u1eafm c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, n\u00ean d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng tay b\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u (t\u00e2m tham kh\u1edfi sinh). Ch\u00fang ta b\u1ed1c \u0103n m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i. R\u1ed3i th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 (v\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong th\u00e2n), kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bay tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa (n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 q\u00faa).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1 h\u1ed3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0103n v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t (v\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong b\u1ee5ng). Khi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, ch\u00fang ta \u0103n v\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea5t. R\u1ed3i n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang ta \u0103n n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t (d\u00ednh m\u1eafc h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb); tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch x\u1ea5u x\u00ed h\u01a1n, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n thua v\u1ec1 nhan s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p x\u1ea5u (m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c th\u00ec nhan s\u1eafc c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng x\u1ea5u \u0111i).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t \u0103n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u1ea3, h\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y \u0111i r\u1ed3i h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i sinh ra. Bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5y bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi sinh ch\u00edn, bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi sinh ch\u00edn, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0103n. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111ua nhau l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (ph\u00e1t sinh l\u00f2ng tham), n\u00ean c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t l\u1ea5y \u0111i, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng sinh ra n\u1eefa; t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t sinh ra c\u00f3 v\u1ecf, c\u00f3 tr\u1ea5u, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n h\u1ea1t ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf v\u1ecf, b\u1ecf tr\u1ea5u \u0111i r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang-sanh c\u00f9ng nhau suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o nhau ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf v\u1ecf \u0111i, v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gieo tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t m\u00e0 \u0103n; h\u1ecd th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ea5t ra t\u1eebng \u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt tr\u00ean ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb \u201cRu\u1ed9ng r\u1eaby, tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, v.v…\u201d<\/em> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u201cC\u1ee7a ta, c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau gieo tr\u1ed3ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t m\u00e0 \u0103n, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng t\u1ea1m \u1ed5n; sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian y\u00ean l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh t\u00e2m d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 (kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1), h\u1ecd gi\u1ea5u h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; t\u00ednh gian d\u1ed1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m sai, ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m qu\u1ea5y, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u01a1i gi\u1ea5u h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, r\u1ed3i \u0111i l\u1ea5y v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ta, t\u1eeb nay ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y tr\u1ed9m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb \u201cC\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, tr\u1ed9m, c\u1eafp\u201d<\/em> b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1 \u1ea5y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp; khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t tr\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u0111i tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp?<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u1ecd d\u00f9ng tay \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea7m tay l\u00f4i k\u00e9o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1edbn l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y gi\u1ea5u v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i hai ba l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n K\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m th\u00ec n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o l\u01b0ng t\u00f4i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng tay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111au t\u00f4i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00fac \u1ea5y c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nghe hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1ebf, sinh l\u00f2ng bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1ebf-gian n\u00e0y d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00e1c ph\u00e1p sinh ch\u0103ng?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sinh ra c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb \u201cL\u00f4i k\u00e9o, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, v.v\u2026\u201d<\/em> Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y sinh l\u00f2ng bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb l\u00f2ng bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y k\u1ebft (t\u1ea1o) th\u00e0nh q\u1ee7a b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u201csinh gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft\u201d<\/strong>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecda sinh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb khi ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf t\u1ea1o ra ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebb sinh t\u00e2m tham lam, gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, d\u00e0nh gi\u1eadt v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e3i l\u1ed9n, n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u, gi\u1eb1ng co, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1nh nhau v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ebft nhau, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng sao t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; h\u1ecd b\u00e8n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng coi ph\u00e2n x\u1eed m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra cho h\u1ecd. <\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, trong ch\u00fang-sanh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00ecnh v\u00f3c to l\u1edbn, kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh, dung m\u1ea1o \u0111oan ch\u00ednh, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd, tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t uy nghi, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9; m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf b\u00e8n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p x\u1ea3y ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t, m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi, v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n x\u1eed c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00f4n \u00f4ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi ph\u00e2n x\u1eed c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, khen ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, ch\u00ea bai tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t k\u1ebb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u v.v…; v\u1eady \u00f4ng kh\u00e9o gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd b\u1edbt ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y nghe xong th\u1ea5y hay, b\u00e8n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi ph\u00e2n x\u1eed; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi ph\u00e2n x\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m gi\u1eef tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n d\u00e2n, v.v…\u201d<\/em> V\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u00f4ng coi ph\u00e2n x\u1eed \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 huy, n\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00f4ng coi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u00faa, vua v.v…\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a-sinh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai sinh \u0111\u1ebb ra , hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft t\u1eeb c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m-Thi\u00ean r\u1ed3i sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a sinh. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi h\u00f3a-sinh ra kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, b\u1ebf b\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh; v\u00ec d\u00f9 m\u1edbi sinh ra, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb m\u1edbi sinh ng\u00e0y nay. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sinh ra, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng h\u00f3a sinh ra, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f3a sinh ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u1ebb h\u00f3a sinh ra sau, tu\u1ef3 theo h\u1ea1nh nghi\u00eap, ph\u00fac b\u00e1o, v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi Kh\u00f4ng-Ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111i, sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i n\u00e0y. C\u0169ng v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sinh ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho, n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean chung g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang-sanh.https:\/\/googleads.g.doubleclick.net\/pagead\/ads?client=ca-pub-6270775876548586&output=html&h=174&slotname=9517148552&adk=3246484913&adf=4183259354&pi=t.ma~as.9517148552&w=696&fwrn=4&lmt=1623787413&rafmt=11&psa=0&format=696×174&url=https%3A%2F%2Fthuvienhoasen.org%2Fa16951%2Fnguon-goc-loai-nguoi&flash=0&wgl=1&adsid=ChEI8J-hhgYQ89vQ5vWPn9vMARJMAIj-tjQibiJ3TRoYMf_vEepJqOPJmkA_cqYjlW7ZCI29RQu3jM6aI6c4K0k598K3KO9V1rxHmrZq0L34-JWvnuYB3mVLRci27VijeQ&dt=1623787398959&bpp=1&bdt=8167&idt=130&shv=r20210607&cbv=%2Fr20190131&ptt=9&saldr=aa&abxe=1&cookie=ID%3D2de83a4a9a00a626-224c82e769c700fd%3AT%3D1618648526%3ART%3D1618648526%3AS%3DALNI_MZSmgyw3Bbey2qewbjERIB2IHjH6w&prev_fmts=0x0%2C696x174%2C300x250%2C300x250&nras=1&correlator=7278949717152&frm=20&pv=1&ga_vid=1417532190.1618648528&ga_sid=1623787399&ga_hid=2103500742&ga_fc=0&rplot=4&u_tz=420&u_his=1&u_java=0&u_h=1080&u_w=2560&u_ah=1080&u_aw=2493&u_cd=24&u_nplug=3&u_nmime=4&adx=717&ady=7886&biw=2432&bih=939&scr_x=0&scr_y=4136&eid=21066433%2C31061406&oid=3&psts=AGkb-H8TB3TiQPs3pm33nKBRllTTRJbcSg4Cv8OJqUa2cPIsl1hgNuJxpIxCBSIPFTEACYgTyPc_qDfwpmAZQg%2CAGkb-H_0Zdes_M5bCgqSkdnS40qzL9f05up24ZEhpYpfTjIiYaX1SZpcbZBaTVq4itLSAYBLHvNoxHIDtJRy9Q&pvsid=1129575176305543&pem=312&ref=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com.vn%2F&eae=0&fc=1920&brdim=0%2C0%2C0%2C0%2C2493%2C0%2C2493%2C1080%2C2449%2C939&vis=1&rsz=%7C%7CpoeEbr%7C&abl=CS&pfx=0&fu=128&bc=31&jar=2021-06-15-19&ifi=3&uci=a!3&btvi=1&fsb=1&xpc=m1RA02JwpS&p=https%3A\/\/thuvienhoasen.org&dtd=14075<\/ins><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i t\u1edbi h\u00ecnh h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh trong v\u1eaft nh\u01b0 pha l\u00ea(?), m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ph\u00e1t ra, n\u00ean bay \u0111i t\u1edbi lui d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. Khi b\u1ed1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0103n u\u1ed1ng th\u00ec d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u0103ng ph\u1ed3ng l\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u01a1m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o bong b\u00f3ng(?), con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 bay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1ebfn khi \u0103n b\u00f9n, \u0103n \u0111\u1ea5t, cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0103n n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 m\u00e0u gi\u1ed1ng m\u00e0u b\u00f9n \u0111\u1ea5t(?) x\u1ea5u x\u00ed. V\u00e0 khi t\u1edbi giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0103n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u1ea9y n\u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba, hay t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb l\u00fac h\u00f3a sinh ra t\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 84,000 (t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0 ngh\u00ecn) n\u0103m; h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u, r\u1ea5t th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, (h\u1ecd th\u1ecd g\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m linh (l\u1ebb) n\u0103m l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng B\u00e0nh-T\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng kho\u1ea3ng 800 n\u0103m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb m\u00f9 m\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, n\u00ean khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tr\u1eafng xanh v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecf \u0111en t\u00edm n\u00e2u v.v., th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tin, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1eady nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00fac l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba hay t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m? V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u1ea7n l\u1eddi b\u00e0n n\u01a1i cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c ra nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y \u0110\u1ea1i-T\u00e2y-D\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi r\u1ed3i; m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Khoa-h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 SuperCroc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t cho ch\u00fang c\u00e1i t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc Sacosuchus imparator c\u00e1ch nay v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n d\u00e0i ba th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 c\u00e1ch nay 110 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt Kh\u1ee7ng long, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con Titanosaurus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng Nam M\u1ef9-ch\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Phi-ch\u00e2u c\u00e1ch nay kho\u1ea3ng 70 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, v\u00ec h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 s\u1ea5u c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Patagonia thu\u1ed9c Argentina (Nam M\u1ef9 ch\u00e2u) v\u00e0 Madagasca thu\u1ed9c Phi-ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng xa h\u01a1n th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Khoa-h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra v\u1ecf lo\u00e0i Sam bi\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 l\u00e0 330 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, th\u00e0nh ra s\u1ef1 truy nguy\u00ean v\u1ec1 q\u00faa kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa-h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 sau, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u0103ng l\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, kho\u1ea3ng 75 tu\u1ed5i (Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch: n\u0103m 2629, D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch: n\u0103m 2006). Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00dd ngh\u0129 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt th\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, hay \u00fd ngh\u0129 gian d\u1ed1i l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, m\u01b0u m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c. \u00dd ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00fd ngh\u0129 b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m (\u00f3c, b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o), h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n (\u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00ecnh, tay ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n) v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u (m\u1ed3m mi\u1ec7ng). T\u00e2m ngh\u0129, th\u00e2n l\u00e0m, mi\u1ec7ng n\u00f3i, mi\u1ec7ng c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, n\u00ean m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u201cT\u00e2m ngh\u0129 th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh\u201d<\/strong> (th\u00e2n l\u00e0m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111a s\u1ed1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1i c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y n\u00f3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i v.v… m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m tham, s\u00e2n, si d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u00fd kh\u1ea9u th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn q\u1ee7a b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o l\u00e0 sinh gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecda sinh v\u00e0o s\u00e1u c\u00f5i; nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o tr\u00f3i ch\u1eb7t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u00e1u n\u1ebbo ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u201cC\u00e1c c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f5i A-tu-La (Th\u1ea7n), c\u00f5i Ma-Q\u1ee7y, c\u00f5i S\u00fac-sanh, v\u00e0 c\u00f5i \u0110\u1ecba-ng\u1ee5c\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf sinh ra, gi\u00e0 \u0111i, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, ch\u1ebft \u0111i, tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i theo th\u1eddi gian l\u00ean b\u1ed5ng xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00ecm, tu\u1ef3 theo \u00fd th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p; nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ta nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh v\u1edbi b\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng sao tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec m\u1edbi ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y: ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i t\u1edbi v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u00e2y c\u1ecf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ngay khi c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y c\u00f3 h\u1ea1t c\u00f3 v\u1ecf c\u00f3 tr\u1ea5u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n; ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb khi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, sinh kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i sinh v\u00e0o s\u00e1u c\u00f5i kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo \u00fd kh\u1ea9u th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh d\u1eef. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i s\u00fac v\u1eadt v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft trong thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i sinh<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – H\u00f3a sinh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fang-sanh \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00f4i thai n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a sinh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb Tr\u1eddi, A Tu La, Ng\u1ea1-q\u1ee7y v.v… v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a sinh ra t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ve, b\u01b0\u1edbm v.v… Lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ed1 l\u00e0m c\u1ed1 ph\u1ea1m. (\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kim Cang Kinh Lu\u1eadn, trang 22) <\/p>\n\n\n\n – No\u00e3n sinh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh sinh t\u1eeb trong tr\u1ee9ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: Lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 l\u00f4ng v\u0169 nh\u01b0 g\u00e0, chim, lo\u00e0i b\u00f2 s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 r\u00f9a, r\u1eafn, v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 c\u00e1; lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc tham lam, m\u01b0u m\u00f4 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cao th\u00ec l\u00e0m chim, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch s\u00e2u th\u00ec l\u00e0m c\u00e1. (\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba Kim Cang Kinh Lu\u1eadn, trang 21)<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Thai sinh:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh sinh t\u1eeb b\u00e0o thai nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u00fa, \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc tham \u0111\u1eafm d\u00e2m d\u1ee5c; tham d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tham d\u00e2m ngang tr\u00e1i th\u00ec l\u00e0m th\u00fa b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n \u0111i ngang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Th\u1ea5p sinh<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh sinh t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt nh\u01b0 v\u00e0i lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng, mu\u1ed7i m\u00f2ng, vi khu\u1ea9n, vi tr\u00f9ng, g\u1ea1o \u1ea9m sinh m\u1ecdt, c\u1ecf m\u1ee5c sinh \u0111om \u0111\u00f3m, l\u00faa sinh s\u00e2u… \u0110\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc tham \u0103n th\u1ecbt u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, g\u00e2y g\u1ed7, \u1ed3n \u00e0o l\u00e0m vui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc, trang 167, c\u00f3 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNo\u00e3n, Thai, Th\u1ea5p, H\u00f3a sinh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m nhau, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang-sanh c\u0169ng t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea3m m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng. Nh\u01b0 lo\u00e0i sinh tr\u1ee9ng th\u00ec \u1ee9ng theo lo\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 sinh. Lo\u00e0i sinh thai th\u00ec \u1ee9ng theo t\u00ecnh \u00e1i m\u00e0 sinh. Lo\u00e0i Th\u1ea5p sinh th\u00ec \u1ee9ng theo hi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 sinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5 v\u1edbi th\u1ea5p kh\u00ed. Lo\u00e0i H\u00f3a sinh th\u00ec \u1ee9ng theo Ly m\u00e0 sinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1edbi kia. Xong , t\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u1edfng, hi\u1ec7p, ly trong b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u1edfng, hi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0m ly, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m t\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0m h\u00f3a. V\u1eady t\u00f9y nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ecd b\u00e1o, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 bay m\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m th\u1ee9 l\u1eb7n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 l\u1eb7n m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m th\u00fa bay, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 h\u00f3a r\u1ed3ng; \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng truy\u1ec7n k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, thay h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e1c, quay l\u1ed9n lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang-sanh c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong quy\u1ec3n Thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9 do H\u00f2a-Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch-Thanh-T\u1eeb d\u1ecbch n\u0103m 1974, ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed1n Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o Y\u1ebfu M\u00f4n, trang 146 l\u1ea1i ghi: \u201cV\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 no\u00e3n sinh, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o bao b\u1ecdc \u1edf trong l\u00e0 thai sinh, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3m nhu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p sinh, ch\u1ee3t kh\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0 h\u00f3a sinh (t\u1eeb lo\u00e0i n\u00e0y h\u00f3a sinh lo\u00e0i kh\u00e1c)\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ta th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i no\u00e3n sinh v\u00e0 thai sinh tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3? Con g\u00e0, con chim, con r\u00f9a v.v… c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay c\u00e1i tr\u1ee9ng g\u00e0, tr\u1ee9ng chim, tr\u1ee9ng r\u00f9a c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i tr\u1ee9ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1i g\u00ec sinh ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i tr\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft thi\u1ec3n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng con v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do h\u00f3a sinh m\u00e0 ra. K\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i thai sinh c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng: ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i t\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y tr\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau, ngay trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea1i sao th\u1ebf? C\u00f3 l\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang-sanh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi h\u00f3a sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i n\u00e0y, \u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau n\u00ean ph\u00e1t sinh ra ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau; l\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da tr\u1eafng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da v\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi da \u0111en, t\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vui cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean n\u00f3i: \u201cThu\u1edf khai sinh l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, khi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-\u0110\u1ebf sinh ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch: Ng\u00e0i n\u1eb7n hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t nam m\u1ed9t n\u1eef, xong Ng\u00e0i b\u1ecf hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y v\u00e0o l\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda nung, l\u00fac \u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ee7 qu\u00ean n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y ra k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi, khi nh\u1edb ra hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y \u0111en thui. Ng\u00e0i b\u00e8n n\u1eb7n hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecf v\u00e0o l\u00f2 nung, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00ec s\u1ee3 ch\u00e1y \u0111en nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y ra s\u1edbm q\u00faa, n\u00ean tr\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1eafng b\u1ec7ch. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng-\u0110\u1ebf v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a v\u1eeba \u00fd, n\u00ean n\u1eb7n th\u00eam hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa, Ng\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y Ta ph\u1ea3i canh ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ra cho \u0111\u00fang cho v\u1eeba \u00fd, v\u00e0 q\u1ee7a th\u1eadt l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i nung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc da v\u00e0ng v\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111en c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00fang theo \u00fd, Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1edfi l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh c\u1ea3 da \u0111en, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh hai da tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba da v\u00e0ng. Ba c\u1eb7p nam n\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 sinh con \u0111\u1ebb ch\u00e1u n\u1ea3y n\u1edf ra nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay!\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e0u da con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec sau th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 khai Thi\u00ean l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba hay t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u01a1 tr\u1ee5i. Nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebft bao kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c v\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea7m m\u01b0a d\u00e3i n\u1eafng b\u1ecfng ch\u00e1y kh\u00e9t th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng X\u00edch-\u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 Phi-Ch\u00e2u, \u1ea4n-\u0110\u1ed9, Nam M\u1ef9. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh th\u1ea5u x\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc-C\u1ef1c, Nam-C\u1ef1c, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu t\u1edbi r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00e0u da kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (?)<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang-sanh sinh ra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i hay m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y; ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh sinh t\u1edbi c\u00f5i Quang \u00e2m Thi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i (nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi) kh\u00e1c nhau h\u00f3a sinh t\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3, v\u1ec1 sau c\u00e1c ch\u00fang-sanh h\u00f3a sinh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1edbi v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u00e3 sinh \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf-gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ra l\u00e0 trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t minh ra l\u1eeda, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0103n s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00edn. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng do c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u1ecf c\u00e2y kh\u00f4, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi l\u1eeda. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed3i ni\u00eau b\u00e1t \u0111\u0129a, ch\u00e9n \u0111\u0169a dao th\u1edbt v.v.., m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng hai b\u00e0n tay. Ch\u1ed7 \u1edf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hang \u1ed5 l\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf th\u00f4 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00fa th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u l\u00e0 r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 c\u1ecf c\u00e2y. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o che th\u00e2n, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng c\u1ecf l\u00e1 r\u01a1m r\u1ea1 b\u00f3 k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i che th\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9c \u0103n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0103n c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t, l\u00e1, hoa q\u1ee7a v.v… t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch \u0103n<\/strong> nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0102n t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng, t\u1eebng n\u1eafm, t\u1eebng c\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0103n c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – X\u00fac th\u1ef1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0102n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac, x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0 Qu\u1ef7 Th\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 no; c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 C\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa, c\u00f9ng thi\u00ean n\u1eef vui v\u1ea7y khi\u1ebfn vui no \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, \u0103n b\u1eb1ng \u00fd suy ngh\u0129, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc-gi\u1edbi l\u1ea5y thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c l\u00e0m v\u1ecb \u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0102n b\u1eb1ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec3u, \u00fd bi\u1ebft; c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng Tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 S\u1eafc-gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u00fang-sanh trong \u0110\u1ecba-ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y th\u1ee9c duy tr\u00ec sinh m\u1ea1ng. (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-H\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n 2, trang 402).<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 sau, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ecd s\u00e1t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, ph\u00e1t minh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t; c\u00f2n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp v\u1ecf b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i, thi\u1ebfu ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u01b0u th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c s\u00e2u, k\u1ebf hi\u1ec3m \u00e1c cao, n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p q\u1ee7a c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u d\u00e0y n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1eady. (T\u1ea1p A-H\u00e0m, Q 2, trang 70: B\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch \u0103n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1edcI B\u00c0N: Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cTh\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp \u0111ao binh? Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng 40,000 (b\u1ed1n v\u1ea1n) tu\u1ed5i, sau \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng hai v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n tu\u1ed5i, n\u0103m tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, ba tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, hai tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i, t\u0103ng \u00edt, gi\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec1u; nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 10 (m\u01b0\u1eddi) tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1ec1 B\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a-Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch-Thanh-C\u00e1t, trang 78 ghi: \u201cTheo lu\u1eadn Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ecd t\u1eeb 10 tu\u1ed5i, c\u1ee9 tr\u0103m n\u0103m l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i, c\u1ee9 t\u0103ng m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi n\u00e0o th\u1ecd 84,000 tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi th\u00f4i…\u201d; <\/em>theo quy\u1ec3n Nh\u1ecb Kh\u00f3a Hi\u1ec7p Gi\u1ea3i th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y 80,000 n\u0103m l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i \u0111a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ra Ki\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean trong s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y con s\u1ed1 84,000 n\u0103m l\u00e0m tu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i \u0111a (nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1ec1 B\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ghi) \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp. N\u1ebfu sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra s\u1ed1 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi con s\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i \u0111a 84,000 n\u0103m n\u00eau tr\u00ean, th\u00ec s\u1ed1 n\u0103m trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp, trung ki\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp, v.v… c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1edcI B\u00c0N:<\/strong> Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ng\u00e0y nay khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0nh Y khoa m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y; v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ng\u00e0y nay \u0111ang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n cho t\u1edbi 10 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, v\u1eady li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng? Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1)- H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 100, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, 100 n\u0103m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i, t\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 25 tu\u1ed5i. Ch\u1eafc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 75, v\u00ec h\u1ed3i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng 120, 130 v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn 140 tu\u1ed5i m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2)- Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 75 tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng 100 tu\u1ed5i hay h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, th\u1ebf th\u00ec khi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 50 tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi 70 hay 80, khi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 25 tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi 40 hay 50 tu\u1ed5i v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3)- M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khoa h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1nh, m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ho\u1ea1i d\u1ea7n v\u00f2ng o-zone c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n che ch\u1edf cho tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, xe c\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ecfa kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i bu\u1ed3ng ph\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u1ea3i ra t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00e1i n\u1ecd \u0111ang th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lan d\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt \u0103n, lo\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, r\u1ed3i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n th\u1ecbt lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt, lo\u00e0i c\u00e1 hay rau q\u1ee7a \u1ea5y th\u00ec s\u1ebd sinh b\u1ec7nh. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c l\u00f2 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ea3i d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i v.v…, do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tai n\u1ea1n x\u1ea3y ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00ean, c\u00e1c tai h\u1ecda thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra g\u00e2y ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0m cho tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd trung b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4)- \u0110\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng y khoa ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0nh y t\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tai h\u1ea1i do ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? B\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y sinh ra b\u1ec7nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u00eau tr\u00ean g\u00e2y ra, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5)- Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u00f4i b\u00e1c gian d\u1ed1i, m\u01b0u tr\u00ed t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi vui th\u00edch, hu\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eaft n\u1ea1t k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu, h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay trong vui th\u00edch. T\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e8n d\u00f9ng m\u01b0u k\u1ebf d\u00e0n d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean t\u1ed9i, r\u1ee7 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng nhau hi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c thanh to\u00e1n, m\u1eb7c cho m\u00e1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed5, x\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh n\u00fai \u0111i n\u1eefa v\u1eabn vui v\u1ebb v.v\u2026; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3m?<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1edcI B\u00c0N: Khi n\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt Di-L\u1eb7c ra \u0111\u1eddi?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3n Ph\u1eadt Di-L\u1eb7c ra \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ee9c c\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang m\u00f2 tr\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc; quy\u1ec3n Nh\u1ecb Kh\u00f3a Hi\u1ec7p Gi\u1ea3i ghi: \u201cTrong Hi\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c trong Trung ki\u1ebfp Tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang \u1edf ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 9, t\u1edbi ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 10 , khi m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn thu\u1edf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c ra \u0111\u1eddi\u201d. Nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc t\u00ednh s\u1ed1 n\u0103m l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd (\u1edf ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 9 n\u00e0y) t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-Ca, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trung b\u00ecnh 100 tu\u1ed5i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, sau 2550 n\u0103m (t\u00ednh t\u1eeb khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n), con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng 75 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, c\u1ee9 100 n\u0103m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ed9t tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ed1 n\u0103m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi 10 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0: (75 – 10) x 100 = 6500 n\u0103m. S\u1ed1 n\u0103m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u0169ng \u1edf ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 9) t\u1eeb 10 tu\u1ed5i l\u00ean 84,000 l\u00e0: (84,000 – 10) x 100 = 8,399,000 n\u0103m. S\u1ed1 n\u0103m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u1eeb 84,000 xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 80,000 (\u1edf ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 10) l\u00e0 l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt Di-L\u1eb7c ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0: (84,000 – 80,000) x 100 = 400,000 n\u0103m. C\u1ed9ng ba con s\u1ed1 n\u0103m tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di-L\u1ea1c s\u1ebd ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng : 6500 + 8,399,000 + 400,000 = 8,805,500<\/strong> (t\u00e1m tri\u1ec7u t\u00e1m tr\u0103m linh (l\u1ebb) n\u0103m ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u0103m) n\u0103m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1edcI B\u00c0N: Khi n\u00e0o t\u1eadn th\u1ebf?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 q\u00faa lo l\u1eafng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd nghe l\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m 2000 D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i l\u00e0 t\u1eadn th\u1ebf; t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p! H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 lo l\u1eafng c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra c\u1ea3! \u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed l\u00e0m con to\u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 n\u0103m t\u1eeb nay \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 6500 + 8,399,000 = 8,405,500 n\u0103m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – T\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 10 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 20 c\u1ee7a Trung ki\u1ebfp Tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 11 ki\u1ebfp n\u1eefa th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0 (84,000 – 10) x 100 x 2 = 16,798,000 n\u0103m; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ed1 n\u0103m trong 11 ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0 16,798,000 x 11 = 184,778,000. Do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ed1 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft (t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, v\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba) l\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng: 8,405,500 +184,778,000 = 193,183,500<\/strong> (m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ba tri\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0 ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m tr\u0103m) n\u0103m, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i tai s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1edcI B\u00c0N: C\u00e1c C\u1ee5 T\u1ed5 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb l\u00fac t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba t\u1edbi nay l\u00e0 bao l\u00e2u? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 sau: Trung ki\u1ebfp Tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 20 ki\u1ebfp, cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay ta \u0111ang \u1edf ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 9 gi\u1ea3m tu\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong 8 ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u00f3: m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp x 8 = 16,798,000 x 8 = 134,384,000 n\u0103m, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 n\u0103m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 9 \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 (84,000 – 75) x 100 = 8,392,500 n\u0103m, th\u00ec ta c\u00f3: 134,384,000 + 8,392,000 = 142,776,500<\/strong> n\u0103m; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb l\u00fac t\u00e1i l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00f4ng T\u1ed5 c\u00e1c b\u00e0 T\u1ed5 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00ec sao?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1)- Trong quy\u1ec3n Nh\u1eefng Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c (Origins), trang 236 ghi: \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng 4.6 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m, sau 600 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m th\u00ec \u1ed5n c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t\u201d;<\/em> l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y \u00edt ra c\u0169ng v\u00e0i ch\u1ee5c tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2)- Quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc,trang 270, ghi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean (Cambrian Explosion) l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 c\u00e1c l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u00e1ch nay 545 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng th\u1ea5p, nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3)- Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc trong quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc, trang 325 ghi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt:<\/strong> S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 4 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m, lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u00fa \u0111\u00e0u ti\u00ean c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 50 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khoa h\u1ecdc gia t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ea7ng \u1edf Ph\u1ea7n-Lan c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch nay 3 t\u1ec9 850 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t kho\u00e1ng ch\u1ea5t do vi sinh v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o n\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt:<\/strong> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch cho r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u00f3 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 425 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 Blair Hedges tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00f3m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Pensylvania Hoa-K\u1ef3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i n\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1.3 t\u1ec9 n\u0103m, lo\u00e0i r\u00eau c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 700 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m; \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng thu\u1edf \u1ea5y tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f2n bao ph\u1ee7 b\u1edfi b\u0103ng h\u00e0, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng carbon dioxides trong kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 100 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m, cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 530 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 b\u0103ng h\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t; nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9t xu\u1ea5t Cambri Explosion; ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 phong ph\u00fa hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng oxy t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh to l\u1edbn. <\/p>\n\n\n\n 4)- C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0nh huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng (\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc trang 262) cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i Lucy c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb 1 t\u1edbi 4 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m. Ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i Lucy \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ecd \u1edf Hadar, Phi ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n – Ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i Homo c\u0169ng c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb 1 t\u1edbi 3 tri\u1ec7u n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u0103m 1980, Allan Wilson, Rebecca Cann, v\u00e0 Mark Stoneking \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Vi N\u0103ng t\u1eed DNA \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 T\u1ed5 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Phi-Ch\u00e2u c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 200,000 n\u0103m, r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di c\u01b0 t\u1edbi \u00c2u-Ch\u00e2u (\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc, trang 265).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc gia Ayala cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 Phi-Ch\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 th\u1ee7y t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 di t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5)- \u00d4ng Robert L Drit thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Yale Hoa-K\u1ef3 t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n Di-t\u1eed (Gene Mutual) trong nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a d\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc (Chromosome Y), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u00e2y di truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb cha \u0111\u1ebfn con. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ho\u00e1n chuy\u1ec3n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eddi gian nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng t\u1ed5 chung; \u00f4ng t\u00ednh ra l\u00e0 270,000 n\u0103m (\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc, trang 267).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng Mike Hammer n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng Dorit ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 38 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6)- Christ Turner 2, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Arizona Hoa-K\u1ef3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u 250,000 chi\u1ebfc r\u0103ng cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n s\u1eed, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i, th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 ch\u00e2u, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00f4ng th\u00e2u th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Khoa H\u1ecdc trang 269).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0ng Chris Stringer, tr\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o T\u00e0ng L\u1ecbch-s\u1eed thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u1edf Lu\u00e2n-\u0110\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e2u th\u1eadp v\u1ec1 r\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng \u00c1-Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di c\u01b0 t\u1ea3n m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Phi-Ch\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1edcI B\u00c0N V\u00ca KHOA H\u1eccC:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Xem v\u1eady, l\u00e2u l\u00e2u c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt; nh\u01b0ng xem ra ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra sau l\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a ra, l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, v\u00ec ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 s\u1edd voi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00fang m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang h\u1ebft, n\u00f3i v\u1eady c\u0169ng l\u00e0 q\u00faa khe kh\u1eaft, d\u00f9 sao, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111ang ch\u1ee9ng minh b\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1t s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng v.v….,.To\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng Ngu\u1ed3n : thuvienhoasen.org NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C LO\u00c0I NG\u01af\u1edcI To\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-H\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n 1, trang 547, 548. Quy\u1ec3n 2, trang 483-485) N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c lo\u00e0i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11823,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[210,104],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-12136","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cau-hoi-pho-bien-ve-dao-phat","category-giai-dap-nghi-hoac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12136","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12136"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12136\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12139,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12136\/revisions\/12139"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12136"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12136"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12136"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=12136"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
To\u00e0n Kh\u00f4ng
(Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-H\u00e0m, quy\u1ec3n 1, trang 547, 548. Quy\u1ec3n 2, trang 483-485)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i li\u00ean quan:
<\/strong>\u25cf \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT GI\u1ea2NG V\u1ec0 NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C CON NG\u01af\u1edcI<\/a> (HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u)
\u25cf QUAN \u0110I\u1ec2M C\u1ee6A PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O V\u1ec0 NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C LO\u00c0I NG\u01af\u1edcI<\/a> (B\u00e1o Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"