{"id":13590,"date":"2021-08-06T01:59:49","date_gmt":"2021-08-05T18:59:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=13590"},"modified":"2021-08-06T02:11:47","modified_gmt":"2021-08-05T19:11:47","slug":"tom-tat-vi-dieu-phap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2021\/08\/06\/tom-tat-vi-dieu-phap\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00f3m t\u1eaft Vi di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"13590\" class=\"elementor elementor-13590\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5d7be11 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5d7be11\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-50d7177\" data-id=\"50d7177\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e766cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e766cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"13581\" class=\"elementor elementor-13581\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6145f6f0 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6145f6f0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-15bd3577\" data-id=\"15bd3577\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-461407a8 elementor-drop-cap-yes elementor-drop-cap-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"461407a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;drop_cap&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 Abhidhamma Pitaka,(T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p) m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therevada c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. Kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1edfi ba H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Rajagaha, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp 3 th\u00e1ng sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1edbi 500 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 t\u1ed5 Mahakassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca-di\u1ebfp); H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i Vesali, c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau; v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1ea1i Pataliputta, hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau n\u01b0\u00e3. Kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung \u1ea4n, ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Pali, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Tam t\u1ea1ng (Tipitaka), hay ba \u201cc\u00e1i r\u1ed7\u201d hay l\u00e0 ba b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9 Vinaya Pitaka, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, ch\u01b0\u00e1 \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng x\u1eed cu\u1ea3 t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni (nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef tu s\u0129) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 (t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ch\u00fang), n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp tu vi\u1ec7n. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Sutta Pitaka (Kinh t\u1ea1ng), t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng do ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c nhau trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i trong 45 n\u0103m. V\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 Abhidhamma Pitaka (T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p), l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1ed5\u201d ch\u01b0\u00e1 \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u201ccao h\u01a1n\u201d hay \u201cchuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t\u201d cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e5ea6e2 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e5ea6e2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-245905a6\" data-id=\"245905a6\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-49945dd3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"49945dd3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: var( --e-global-color-text ); font-family: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-family ), Sans-serif; font-weight: var( --e-global-typography-text-font-weight );\">http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/08\/06\/tom-tat-vi-dieu-phap\/<\/span><\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b319757 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"b319757\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-8c9320d\" data-id=\"8c9320d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ca2cc86 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ca2cc86\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-title.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft Vi di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0c6439f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0c6439f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ab32d3\" data-id=\"5ab32d3\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-38bb2e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"38bb2e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"13579\" class=\"elementor elementor-13579\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3fdb8f9d elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3fdb8f9d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-73dd97bd\" data-id=\"73dd97bd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3023d578 elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"3023d578\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;dropdown&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-chevron-down\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-solid&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" role=\"navigation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-3023d578\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13609\"><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/22\/hoc-video-phap-thay-thich-tri-hue\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u Vi Di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p &#8211; d\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13603\"><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/08\/06\/tom-tat-vi-dieu-phap\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft Vi di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-13616\"><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/08\/06\/bo-tai-lieu-ve-tang-vi-dieu-phap\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">B\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa89619\" data-id=\"fa89619\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c7eb172 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4c7eb172\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:quote --><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\">\n<p>L\u1ea5y t\u1eeb vomonthientu.org<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><!-- \/wp:quote --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u &amp; Gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>General editor&nbsp;<strong>Bhikkhu Bodhi<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>Vi\u1ec7t D\u1ecbch: L\u00ea V\u0103n Ph\u00fac&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y: Minh H\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n I<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} --><\/p>\n<h3>L\u1eddi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee7a U Rewata Dhamma and Bhikkhu Bodhi<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m cu\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u00e1ch t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1edd\u00ec trung c\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu (Abhidhammattha Sangaha). T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 do Acariya Anuruddha, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi am hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o vi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 thanh th\u1ebf \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi v\u1ea5n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n th\u00e2n c\u00f2n m\u01a1 h\u1ed3 cu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed5 tay nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 cu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therevada. Trong ch\u00edn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eafn chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 50 trang in, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cung c\u1ea5p t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n xuy\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p cu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o . T\u00e0i n\u0103ng cu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00f3m l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1t tu\u1ef7 cu\u1ea3 h\u1ebf th\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ch\u00fang theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed5 tay chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c cho vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u01b0\u00fa lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therevada \u1edf Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1. Trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gian n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n (Myanmar) n\u01a1i m\u00e0 lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ki\u00ean tr\u00ec nh\u1ea5t, th\u00ec b\u1ed9 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu (Abhiddhammattha Sangaha) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc chi\u00e0 kho\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf kho t\u00e0ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y cu\u1ea3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4>Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Trung t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 Abhidhamma Pitaka,(T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p) m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therevada c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. Kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o b\u1edfi ba H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u sau khi Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch. H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Rajagaha, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp 3 th\u00e1ng sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1edbi 500 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a S\u01a1 t\u1ed5 Mahakassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca-di\u1ebfp); H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i Vesali, c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau; v\u00e0 H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1ea1i Pataliputta, hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau n\u01b0\u00e3. Kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Trung \u1ea4n, ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Pali, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 Tam t\u1ea1ng (Tipitaka), hay ba \u201cc\u00e1i r\u1ed7\u201d hay l\u00e0 ba b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ed9 Vinaya Pitaka, l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, ch\u01b0\u00e1 \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ee9ng x\u1eed cu\u1ea3 t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni (nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef tu s\u0129) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 (t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng ch\u00fang), n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp tu vi\u1ec7n. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Sutta Pitaka (Kinh t\u1ea1ng), t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng do ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra trong nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbp kh\u00e1c nhau trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i trong 45 n\u0103m. V\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 Abhidhamma Pitaka (T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p), l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1ed5\u201d ch\u01b0\u00e1 \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u201ccao h\u01a1n\u201d hay \u201cchuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t\u201d cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 ba v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y trong kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 bi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t kh\u00e1c hai t\u1ea1ng kia. Trong khi Kinh v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e1 mang t\u00ednh k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt cao v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u00f9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft. B\u1ed9 s\u01b0u t\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y quy\u1ec3n: B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5 (Dhammasangani), B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch (Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t &#8211; Vibhanga), B\u1ed9 Ch\u1ea5t Ng\u1eef (Gi\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft &#8211; Dhatukatha), B\u1ed9 Nh\u00e2n Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ecbnh (Nh\u00e2n Thi Thuy\u1ebft &#8211; Puggalapannati), B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng (Kathavattu), B\u1ed9 Song \u0110\u1ed1i (Song Lu\u1eadn &#8211; Yamaka) v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed (Ph\u00e1t Th\u00fa &#8211; Patthana). Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Kinh T\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng, \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn x\u1ea3y ra trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ; h\u01a1n th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh chi li , l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9 . D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u01b0\u00e3, tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i sau n\u00e0y, so v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cu\u1ea3 kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sau C.N., ch\u00fang hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng h\u01a1n cho lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0i d\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Therevada , t\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u v\u01b0\u01a1ng mi\u1ec7n cu\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh cho cao tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, \u1edf Sri Lanka nh\u00e0 vua Kassapa V (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 10 sau CN) \u0111\u00e3 cho kh\u1eafc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u0111i\u00e3 v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 cho n\u1ea1m ng\u1ecdc quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, trong khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua kh\u00e1c , vua Vijayabahu (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11) th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5 &#8211; Dhammasagani v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ef1 tri\u1ec1u v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch quy\u1ec3n \u1ea5y sang ti\u1ebfng Sinhala. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt qua, ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Lu\u00e2n. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp mang t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u00f9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 khi ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng tin m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u1eaft h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt \u00fd nghi\u00e3 c\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t, th\u00ec l\u00fd do cu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9. Khi ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u1edf ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, ta m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i ng\u1ed9 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t -to\u00e0n -th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3i ng\u1ed9 mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n cu\u1ea3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, cu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c trong ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therevada, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m cu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng mang t\u00ednh l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 pha t\u1ea1p cu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft si\u00eau h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t-to\u00e0n-th\u1ec3 cu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u l\u1eabn v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft t\u1ebf vi nh\u1ea5t. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1oTherevada xem T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bao tr\u00f9m kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3n ng\u1ea1i (tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7) (sabbannuta-nana). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 Vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u0111\u1ecbnh theo hai c\u1ef1c cu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i: kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (tho\u00e1t) kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 cu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.D\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn (h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p). M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn cho r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u1ed3m h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. Ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u1ea9n d\u1ea5u sau hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng , kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt t\u01b0 th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p chia l\u00e0m hai l\u1edbp r\u1ed9ng: ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9c h\u01b0\u0169, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 du t\u1ea1o n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi quen thu\u1ed9c cu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au , theo ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m do t\u00e2m khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u do ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 cu\u1ea3 khung tham chi\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3m quan c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf cu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. Duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu: hi\u1ec7n h\u01b0\u0169 h\u1ea1n t\u1eeb phi\u00e1 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang (sarupato) \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng trong Kinh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c, u\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ea1i (v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i), nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v.v., nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng phi\u00e1 sau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu\u00f4n \u0111\u00fac m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n h\u01a1n trong Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Ngay trong ch\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng , ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ; \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 sau, trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i (Commentaries). Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u1ea9n, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung quan t\u00e2m trong vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh phi\u00e1 sau nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean h\u01a1n cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p, d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng cu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u201cnh\u01b0 ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0\u201d, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i n\u00eam th\u1eadt s\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0o gi\u01b0\u00e3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0, ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m bi\u1ec7n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y, T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c , m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. R\u1ed3i n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u00f9ng trong T\u1ea1ng Kinh theo c\u00e1ch cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf cu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 n\u00e0y n\u00f3 x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o m\u1ea1ng cu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang trong c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cu\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cu\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>N\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c cu\u1ea3 khoa h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y , kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t b\u00e0ng quang nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u00fd th\u1ee9c , th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c mang l\u1ea1i trong kinh nghi\u1ec7m, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i-bi\u1ebft -\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nghi\u00e3 r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn thu t\u00f3m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng logic. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m, T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00e1i t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 khi thi\u1ec1n \u0111inh h\u1ed3i quang. N\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, n\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cu\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i, g\u1eafn k\u1ebft ch\u00fang v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 c\u1edf tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau cu\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau ra sao v\u00e0 v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kinh nghi\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 hi\u1ebfu k\u1ef3 phi th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5. V\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt truy nguy\u00ean kh\u1ed5 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec5m tr\u1ea7n cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta &#8211; m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng tinh th\u1ea7n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tham, s\u00e2n, si &#8211; T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00f4-gich cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e2m l\u00fd , \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u theo nghi\u00e3 h\u1eb9p cu\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c lu\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u00e0 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n. Theo \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1ea1 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c: l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng (t\u1ecbnh &gt;&lt; c\u1ea5u). N\u00f3 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c theo d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn cao tu\u1ef3 \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c thanh l\u1ecdc m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m qua s\u1ef1 tinh ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ebf vi v\u00e0 t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc n\u1ed9i quan v\u00e0 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u00f3 pha t\u1eeb l\u1ed9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qui m\u00f4 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec9nh cu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c thanh l\u1ecdc vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00e2m- gi\u1ea3i &#8211; tho\u00e1t &#8211; b\u1ea5t -tho\u00e1i &#8211; chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba chi\u1ec1u cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn &#8211; tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc &#8211; c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean u\u1ef7 t\u1eeb h\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 qua T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf. S\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb hu\u1ea5n l\u1ec7nh cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh (r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 (parinneyya). S\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea5u cho m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3, k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i Lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c cu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5. V\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 cu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 trong \u201cnguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d (asankhata dhatu) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ec7 tam Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p X\u1ebfp \u0110\u00f4i<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt lu\u1eadn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, Acarya Buddhaghosa, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eeb \u201cT\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p\u201d v\u1edbi nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u201c v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean tr\u00ean Ph\u00e1p\u201d (dhammatireka &#8211; dhammavisesa), ti\u1ec1n t\u1ed1 abhi c\u00f3 nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt, v\u00e0 dhamma \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nghi\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong T\u1ea1ng Kinh. Khi T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng kinh, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 kinh c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u1edf ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u1ea3i ng\u1ed9 m\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u00e1o b\u00ed m\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng kinh ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Kinh v\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng tr\u00ean h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft duy nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kinh T\u1ea1ng minh gi\u1ea3i. C\u00e1i kh\u00e1c gi\u01b0\u00e3 Kinh v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0, ch\u00ednh ra, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u1edf ph\u1ea1m vi, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi, Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 ra c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 trong Kinh T\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3. Acariya Buddhaghosa gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng trong T\u1ea1ng Kinh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb x\u1ee9, Th\u1eadp b\u00e1t ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v.v., ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, trong khi trong Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 theo c\u00e1c l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong T\u1ea1ng Kinh, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0 t\u1ebf vi l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Kinh T\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c cu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng trong Kinh T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng trong nhi\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng cho c\u00e1c th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0m cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u (mang t\u00ednh s\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra theo c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 gia\u00f3 l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m cho th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5; Ng\u00e0i th\u00f4i th\u00fac, kuy\u00ean nh\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean; ng\u00e0i n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ea3 th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c . Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p trong Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 hoa m\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p (pariyaaaya-dhammadesana).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi T\u1ea1ng Kinh, T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt (Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p) nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf toang tr\u01b0c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 to\u00e0n c\u1ee5c \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Kinh v\u00e0 g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng. Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cu\u1ea3 th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c theo phong c\u00e1ch tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n ho\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 cho ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb hoa m\u1ef9, c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. Do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng ch\u00e2n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng hoa m\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p (nippariyaya-dhammadesana).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt gi\u1eefa hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00e3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Trong T\u1ea1ng kinh Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef qui \u01b0\u1edbc (voharavacana) v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd qui \u01b0\u1edbc (sammutisacca), ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong T\u1ea1ng Kinh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cT\u00f4i\u201d, \u201canh\u201d, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u201cnam\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201dn\u1eef\u201d, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sinh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn, tuy nhi\u00ean h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t trong v\u00f2ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ea3 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (paramatthtasacca): ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 mang t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn trong T\u1ea1ng Kinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea5n tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, tri\u1ec1n ph\u01b0\u1ee3c (b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh), nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh (ph\u00e1t sinh tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c), v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea5n thi\u1ebft. Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u01b0\u00e3 hai phu\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed5i T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u1ede ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp l\u1eabn nhau, ch\u1ed3ng l\u1ea5n nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3 trong Kinh T\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam t\u00fac nh\u01b0 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ea1i, etc., v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi cu\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn. L\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u00e3 trong Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng ta c\u00f2n t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n Nh\u00e2n Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ecbnh (Puggalapannatti), ly khai kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t trang nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef qui \u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3m vi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cu\u1ea3 Kinh.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h4>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn<\/h4>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t v\u1edbi phu\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cu\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh, Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e1 cu\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng, m\u1ed9t matika &#8211; m\u1ed9t ma tr\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 &#8211; nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac. Ma tr\u1eadn n\u00e0y , \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u quy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5 &#8211; Dhammasangani nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng, g\u1ed3m 122 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn. Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 22 nh\u00f3m 3 (tika), c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 t\u1eebng 3 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1; c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m nh\u00f3m 2 (duka), c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m 2 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i. Ma tr\u1eadn d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m 3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec7n khang, kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec7n khang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh; nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac trung t\u00ednh; nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c hai c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v.v. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m hai bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c c\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1c c\u0103n; nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh; nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, si\u00eau tr\u1ea7n; v.v. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9, ma tr\u1eadn qu\u00e1n xuy\u1ebfn t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u1eeb h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c g\u00f3c kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft th\u1ecdc, t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang th\u1ee9 hai cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00f2ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n ng\u1eafn ngu\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 citta (ch\u1ea5t \u0111a: t\u00e2m \u00fd), m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01a1n nguy\u00ean ph\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tham gia v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch s\u1ef1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n cu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n (cetasika) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n trong h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t ho\u1ea1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec5 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch cu\u1ea3 Kinh T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00e0nh ng\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n tinh th\u1ea7n (th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c) lu\u00f4n g\u1eafn k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ea9n c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Trong Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng s\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ra m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd cu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c trong c\u1ea3 trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc t\u1ee9c th\u00ec v\u0129 m\u00f4 l\u1eabn trong s\u1ef1 mi\u00ean t\u1ee5c (li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean) \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u1ee9 ba kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u00f4i th\u00fac thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u01b0\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1m l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i trong ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00e3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb T\u1ea1ng kinh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang nh\u1eefng t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n cu\u1ea3 th\u00e2n (lobha) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m quan, nhi\u1ec5m (ham) s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tham lam v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, \u0111eo b\u00e1m c\u00e1c th\u00fa vui c\u1ea3m quan, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n ng\u1ea1i cu\u1ea3 ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m quan, etc; trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n cu\u1ea3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (panna) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 kh\u00e3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cu\u1ea3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c truy v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, etc.Trong v\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, Lu\u1eadn gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u01b0\u00e3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh trong ch\u01b0 Kinh.Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p th\u1ee9 ba kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u00f4i th\u00fac thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 gi\u01b0\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1m l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u00e0m n\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i trong ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c danh s\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u00e0i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u00e3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb T\u1ea1ng kinh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang nh\u1eefng t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n cu\u1ea3 th\u00e2n (lobha) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m d\u1ee5c c\u1ea3m quan, nhi\u1ec5m (ham) s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c tham lam v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, \u0111eo b\u00e1m c\u00e1c th\u00fa vui c\u1ea3m quan, s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3n ng\u1ea1i cu\u1ea3 ham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m quan, etc; trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n cu\u1ea3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (panna) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 kh\u00e3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cu\u1ea3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c truy v\u1ea5n c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o cu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh ki\u1ebfn, etc.Trong v\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, Lu\u1eadn gi\u00fap hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u01b0\u00e3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u00ednh trong ch\u01b0 Kinh.Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u1ebf t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c mang l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 xa h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u00e3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, trong v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 sau chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1eeb T\u1ea1ng Kinh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 sau v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 tho\u00e1ng qua cu\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c ra th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (paramattha): \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (citta, cetasika, rupa, nibbana), ba c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c (b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 c\u00e1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cu\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y &#8211; do quy\u1ec3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cu\u1ea3 T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p,l\u00e0 B\u1ed9 V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed (Ph\u00e1t Th\u00fa &#8211; Patthana ) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 24 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1. S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cung c\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, theo \u0111\u00f3 ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng cu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t c\u01b0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 hay ch\u1ea5t. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb t\u1ef1 h\u1eefu bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u00fat trong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean, tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eabn nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p cu\u1ea3 B\u1ed9 V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed (Ph\u00e1t Th\u00fa &#8211; Patthana thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc song sinh cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 (anatta, non-self hay egolessness). Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i quan n\u1eb1m trong l\u00f2ng cu\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn (Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p)<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u1ecdc th\u1eadt ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Therevada cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 g\u1eafn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn v\u0103n (maha-atthakathaa) do Acariya Buddhaghosa tr\u00edch d\u1eabn, Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi cu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c cu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. H\u01a1n n\u01b0\u00e3, truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u0103n cho r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb nu\u00e3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 rao gi\u1ea3ng trong khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Atthasalini k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng trong b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 sau khi \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9, trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea1m vi g\u1ea7n C\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, ng\u00e0i an to\u1ea1 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u (ratanaghara) v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u01b0 l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3y quy\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng. Ng\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5 &#8211; Dhammasangani, tuy nhi\u00ean trong khi qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t s\u00e1u quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t h\u00e0o quang. Nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec3n V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed (Ph\u00e1t Th\u00fa &#8211; Patthana, khi ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn 24 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng , v\u00e0 v.v. \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed cu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u01a1 duy\u00ean trong \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i k\u00ecnh ng\u01b0 Timiratipingala ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i v\u1eaby v\u00f9ng cu\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u 84.000 yojana d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n s\u00e2u, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed cu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t d\u1ee5ng v\u00f5 trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u01b0. H\u00e0o quang s\u00e1u m\u00e0u &#8211; xanh ng\u1ecdc, v\u00e0ng \u00e1nh kim, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0ng n\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u00e1nh kim l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh &#8211; ph\u00f3ng ra t\u1eeb th\u00e2n cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0, khi ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u00e1p vi di\u1ec7u, c\u01a1 duy\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed cu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Therevada do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ng\u00f4n cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Sarvastivadins. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y quy\u1ec3n, kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u00e0ng cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y Therevada. Theo ph\u00e1i Sarvastivadins, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt so\u1ea1n ra, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y Therevada cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1eb3ng th\u1eebng nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng (Bi\u1ec7n Gi\u1ea3i &#8211; Kathavatthu), l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ea3 k\u1ef3 l\u00e3o Moggaliputta Tissa trong th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec cu\u1ea3 Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Asoka<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i Pali, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng, cho r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng Lu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i trong c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ng\u01b0\u1eddi cu\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Tavatimsa (\u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i). Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y v\u00e0o mu\u00e0 m\u01b0a, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n th\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, an to\u1ea1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 Pandukambala d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y Paricchahataka, trong ba th\u00e1ng mu\u00e0 m\u01b0a ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng Lu\u1eadn cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb ba ngh\u00ecn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i, Mahamaya-devi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi thay v\u00ec c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00fd do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng Lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi thay v\u00ec c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng Lu\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i cho c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3.. B\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 Lu\u1eadn c\u1ea7n ba th\u00e1ng, ch\u1ec9 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 Tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean (Bhrama) m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp thu li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef v\u1eefng \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u1edf v\u00f9ng phi\u00e1 b\u1eafc Uttarakuru. Sau khi kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c xong, ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd h\u1ed3 Anotatta \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd trai. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea3o Sariputta, T\u1ed5ng Tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn t\u00f3m t\u1eaft gi\u00e1o l\u00fd gi\u1ea3ng trong ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi: R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trao cho \u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u201cSariputta, c\u00f3 v\u00f4 v\u00e0n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y\u201d . Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trao ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho tru\u1edfng l\u00e3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean b\u1edd v\u00e0 m\u1edf b\u00e0n tay ch\u1ec9 ra bi\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p do \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>H\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf t\u00f4n, Sariputta l\u1ea1i \u0111em truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho 500 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 cu\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Sariputta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1eadt t\u01b0 cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 trong quy\u1ec3n V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed (Ph\u00e1t Th\u00fa \u2013 Patthana). C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ta n\u00ean t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y cu\u1ea3 Atthasalini m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp r\u1eb1ng trong khi nh\u00e3n quan tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu v\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 cu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u1eadn th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec Lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110a\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9c Sariputta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 theo c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u0103n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<h2>Ph\u1ea7n II<\/h2>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h3>B\u1ea3y Quy\u1ec3n T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u1ed9i dung cu\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y quy\u1ec3n trong kho t\u00e0ng T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Dhammasangani, l\u00e0 su\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n cu\u1ea3 to\u00e0n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. T\u01b0\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e1p T\u1ee5\u201d, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ec1-Matika, b\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 l\u00e0m khung cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn, b\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u201cC\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ea3 \u00dd th\u1ee9c,\u201d chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng n\u01b0\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 m\u1edf ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ed9 ba \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ec1-Matika, an l\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng an l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u01b0\u00e3 cu\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 121 lo\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang.9 M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai, \u201cV\u1ec1 Ch\u1ea5t\u201d , ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trung gian s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u00f3m t\u1eaft,\u201d \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3 Lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong T\u1ea1ng Kinh.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>The Vibhanga, \u201cquy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u201d, g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed7i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sau: u\u1ea9n, c\u0103n, \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, n\u0103ng l\u01b0c, duy\u00ean sinh, c\u01a1 s\u1edf cu\u1ea3 tr\u00ed, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cu\u1ea3 ng\u1ed9, b\u00e1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n,tri ki\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tri ki\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ebft (li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 t\u00e2m cu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p (Dhammahadaya), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 cu\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng trong quy \u1ec3n Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch-Vihanga, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ba ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf: ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn cu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Kinh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn cu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn; v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tra v\u1ea5n, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 cu\u1ea3 tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Dhatukatha, \u201cB\u1ed9 Ch\u1ea5t Ng\u1eef\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1p. N\u00f3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 u\u1ea9n, c\u0103n, \u0111\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch x\u00e9t xem c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m trong, hay quan h\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4ng quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1eebng m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;Puggalapannatti, \u201cB\u1ed9 Nh\u01a1n Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ecbnh\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n trong Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng T\u1ea1ng Kinh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfm t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u1edfi thu\u1ef7 n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m b\u1ed5 sung cho c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra khi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u1eafc khe ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 n\u00e0y cho nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 10 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng:ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n l\u1ebb cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3; ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u0103p; ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ba, v.v.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Kathavatthu\u201dB\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 cu\u1ea3 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Moggaliputta Tissa. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 so\u1ea1n n\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Asoka, 218 sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi cu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1i Nguy \u00ean Th\u1ee7y Therevada. C\u00e1c B\u1ea3n Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sinh, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra khung cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, m\u00e0 Moggaliputta Tissa ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1n th\u00eam v\u00e0o theo \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Yamaka, \u201cB\u1ed9 Song \u0110\u00f4i\u201d nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c s\u01b0 h\u00e0m h\u1ed3 v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady do ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t s\u1ef1 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u00f4i c\u00fa m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n c\u1eb7p c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cC\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng an l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u0103n nguy\u00ean an l\u00e0nh? V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u0103n nguy\u00ean an l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng an l\u00e0nh? Quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 10 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng: c\u00e1c c\u0103n nguy\u00ean, u\u1ea9n, c\u0103n, \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00e2n, s\u1eafc, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n, \u00fd th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Patthana, \u201cB\u1ed9 V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed\u201d (b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c &gt;&lt; gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t) c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ec1\u201d (mahapakarana). Kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 qui m\u00f4 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 5 quy\u1ec3n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 2500 trang, \u1ea5n b\u1ea3n H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ee9 6, ch\u1eef Myanmar. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ea3 B\u1ed9 V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed-Patthana l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n quan h\u1ec7 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp trong tr\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn. B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u00ednh cu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i: Kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u00eau-t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00edch-ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c. M\u1ed7i trong b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean cu\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m 3, cu\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m 2, cu\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m 2 v\u00e0 3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, nh\u00f3m 3 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m 2 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, cu\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m 3 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m 3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 cu\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m 2 v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m 2 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p. Trong m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 24 ph\u1ea7n, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4 khan, n\u1eb7ng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3u, ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \u201cth\u1ebf t\u1ee5c\u201d Patthana c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 v\u0129 cu\u1ea3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e1ng kinh ng\u1ea1c trong t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn chi ti\u1ebft. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o Therevada, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 ch\u00ed t\u00f4n v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h3>Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 t\u00ednh gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n nh\u1eb1m l\u1eafp k\u00edn ph\u1ea7n khung s\u01b0\u1eddn do b\u1ea3n v\u0103n cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00eau v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn cu\u1ea3 Acariya Buddhaghosa. C\u00f3 ba t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m: Atthasalini, \u201cPh\u00e1t l\u1ed9\u201d, lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 Dhammasagani; Sammohavinodani, \u201c Lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb V\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 Vibhanga; v\u00e0 Pancappakarana Atthakatha, lu\u1eadn v\u0103n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p cho 5 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c Visuddhimagga, \u201cThanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cu\u1ea3 Buddhaghosa. Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u00e1ch khoa v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 \u201c ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i\u201d (XIV -XVII) tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfu n\u1ed9i quan v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadn. M\u1ed7i lu\u1eadn v\u0103n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u0103n (mulatika), do Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o cu\u1ea3 Sri Lanka t\u00ean l\u00e0 Acariya Ananda, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn (anutika), do h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 cu\u1ea3 Ananda l\u00e0 Dhammapala (kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Acariya Dhammapala t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ea3 Buddhaghosa).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Khi t\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 cu\u1ea3 Acariya Buddhaghosa, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho r\u1eb1ng, theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn g\u1ed1c, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. M\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ra, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn t\u1eeb kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn bao la cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf Mahavihara \u1edf Anuradhapura. T\u01b0 li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u1eaft h\u1eb3n c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc uy\u00ean b\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u00fd nghi\u00e3 cu\u1ea3 kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng. Trong khi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m r\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee9 cu\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed trong c\u00e1c Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1eafn ch\u1eb7t trong Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadn kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n quan h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ri\u00eang l\u1ebb g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u00e0o nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ea3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng cu\u1ea3 \u00fd nghi\u00e3. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd khi cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 cu\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n th\u1eadt g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n kho\u00e1 s\u1ed5 n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ecf cho s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u theo c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u00edt kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n nh\u01b0ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn hay l\u00e0 \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong ch\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng. M\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (cittavithi) Trong khi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ea7m c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cu\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. C\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c citta, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau cu\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 theo th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c citta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef khana, kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc\u201d, thay cho samaya (\u201cc\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u201d) cu\u1ea3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3n th\u1eddi gian cu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng 17 kh\u1ecfanh kh\u1eafc cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc th\u00e0nh ba ti\u1ec3u kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc &#8211; sinh, d\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t &#8211; c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng m\u1edbi m\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m (kalapa), d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m \u00fd b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u01b0\u00e3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 cu\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1i sinh, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau r\u00f5 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m cu\u1ea3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf t\u00e2m (hadayavatthu) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m-th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u nhi\u1ec1u (d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft) c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i kamma (nghi\u1ec7p), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u01b0\u00e3 kamma v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng ch\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n. C\u1ee5m t\u1eeb trong Dhammasangani, \u201c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t duy\u00ean sinh kh\u00e1c (ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp) c\u00f3 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3,\u201d r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u1edf cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu tinh th\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee1 b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00eau r\u00f5 \u201c ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0o\u201d (yevapanaka dhamma). M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u00e3, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n\u201d (attano sabhavam dharenti ti dhamma).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh chu b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb hai b\u1ea3n v\u0103n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ed5 l\u00e0 Petakopadesa v\u00e0 Nettipakarana.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h3>Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Lu\u1eadn, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam v\u1ec1 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i n\u00f3 \u1eaft h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1. Do \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therevada, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e2n sinh v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u01a1 n\u00e9t c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 &#8211; m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00edn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 kham n\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1edbm kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12, c\u00e1c s\u1ed5 tay ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn hay y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn. \u1ede Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n Myanmar, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 let-than hay l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed5 tay ng\u00f3n \u00fat\u201d, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u00edn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>1) Abhidhammattha, cu\u1ea3 Acariya Anuruddha;<br>2) Namarupa-pariccheda, c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<br>3) Paramattha-vinicchaya, c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 (?);<br>4) Abhidhammavatara cu\u1ea3 Acariya Buddhadatta ( m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi Buddhaghosa);<br>5) Ruparupa-vibhaga, c\u00f9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<br>6) Sacca-sankhepa, cu\u1ea3 Bhadanta Dhammapala (c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sri Lanka; kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i);<br>7) Moha-vicchedani, cu\u1ea3 BhadantaKassapa (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nam \u1ea4n ho\u1eb7c Sri Lanka);<br>8) Khema-pankarana, cu\u1ea3 Bhadanta Khema (ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sri Lanka);<br>9) Namacara-dipaka, cu\u1ea3 Bhadanta Saddhamma Jotipala (Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Myanmar).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng ng\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tu h\u1ecdc, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Lu\u1eadn t\u1eeb kho\u1ea3n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12 cho \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, quy\u1ec3n Abhidhammattha Sangaha, ( Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu ). N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 l\u1ebd do s\u1ef1 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng kh\u00f3 b\u00ec cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 gi\u01b0\u00e3 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i. Trong ph\u1ea1m vi ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu cu\u1ea3 Lu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m g\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. D\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch x\u1eed l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 s\u00e1ch th\u1eadt ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecdc ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cu\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cu\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, n\u00f3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 tin \u0111i qua m\u00ea cung kh\u00fac khu\u1ef7u cu\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c minh b\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3.V\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therevada, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p to\u00e1i y\u1ebfu &#8211; Abhidhammattha Sangaha lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong vi\u1ec7c tu h\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadn. Trong c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n &#8211; Myanmar, t\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng Sangaha tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed5 tay n\u00e0y, Acariya Anuruddha, th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ea3 hai quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed5 tay kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 n\u00eau tr\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tin r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00edn quy\u1ec3n y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 quy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. Quy\u1ec3n Paramattha-vinicchaya \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft theo v\u0103n phong uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n cu\u1ea3 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Pali v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p cao cu\u1ea3 v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t t\u00e1c. Theo m\u1ea5y d\u00f2ng ghi cu\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 sinh ra t\u1ea1i Kaveri, bang Kancipura (Conjeevaram), Nam \u1ea4n. C\u1ea3 Acariya Buddhadatta v\u00e0 Acariya Buddhaghosa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vi\u1ebft ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u0103n Acariya Dhammapala c\u00f3 l\u1ebb l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ea1 cu\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 Kancipura \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m quan tr\u1ecdng cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therevada t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo uy\u00ean b\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Sri Lanka \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u1ecdc th\u00eam.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c Acariya Anuruddha s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed5 tay cu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ed5 trong tu vi\u1ec7n cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng t\u1eebng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng th\u1ea7y cu\u1ea3 Acariya Buddhadatta, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. Theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, hai tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng cu\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh, quy\u1ec3n Abhiddhammattha Sangaha v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n Abhidhammavatara, l\u00e0m qu\u00e0 t\u1ea1 \u01a1n th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng: \u201cBuddhadatta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0\u00e1 ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u00f2ng cu\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kho\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1ea3 la\u1ecb, trong khi Anuruddha c\u0169ng ch\u01b0\u00e1 ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u00f2ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1ea3 m\u1edf toang.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n tuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o v\u0103n phong v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung cu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ea3 Anuruddha th\u00ec \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng s\u1edbm h\u01a1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o gi\u01b0\u00e3 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Trong d\u00f2ng ghi cu\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quy\u1ec3n Abhidhammatta Sangaha, Acariya Anuruddha n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n s\u1ed5 tay n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n Mulasoma, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho r\u1eb1ng \u1edf Sri Lanka. C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 dung ho\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u01a1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn quy\u1ec3n Paramattha-vinicchaya, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng sinh ra t\u1ea1i Kancipura. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c g\u00e1c Nam \u1ea4n nh\u01b0ng di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn Sri Lanka, n\u01a1i \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft Sangaha. M\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, do G.P.Malalasekera, cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ea1 cu\u1ea3 Sri Lanka c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian \u1edf Kancipura (\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ecf qua x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng sinh \u1edf Kancipura). V\u1eabn c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ee9 ba do \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c A.P. Buddhadatta Mahathera \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00ean Anuruddha, m\u1ed9t \u1edf Sri Lanka, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n Abhiddhammattha, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Kancipura, vi\u1ebft quy\u1ec3n Paramattha-vinicchaya.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e1c Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i &#8211; Sangaha<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec v\u00e0o t\u00ednh c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p to\u00e1i y\u1ebfu -Abhidhammattha Sangaha kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u00f4 \u0111\u00fac \u0111\u1eb7c qu\u00e1nh cu\u1ea3 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tika hay l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3. Th\u1eadt ra, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn v\u0103n h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n Pali n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Pali m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Myamar, Sinhala, Th\u00e1i v.v.T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 15, Myanmar \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn v\u0103n vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 n\u00f3 cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n (Myanmar) c\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Myanmar.C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u1ec1 Sangaha ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 19, trong \u0111\u00f3 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Abhidhammatthasangaha &#8211; Tika, c\u0169ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Porona-Tika, \u201cC\u1ed5 Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tika nh\u1ecf vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Sri Lanka v\u00e0o th\u1ebf ky 12 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u00ean l\u00e0 Acariya Navavimalabuddhi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Abhidhammatthavibhavini &#8211; Tika, hay g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft, Vibhavini, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Acariya Sumangalasami, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 cu\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sri Lanka xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12. Tika n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ebf ch\u1ed7 C\u1ed5 Lu\u1eadn v\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady v\u1ec1 Sangaha. \u1ede Myanmar, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 tika-gyaw, \u201cLu\u1eadn v\u0103n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u201d. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 am t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c cu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadn. \u00d4ng d\u01b0\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Abhidhamma-Anutika v\u00e0 Visuddhimagga-Mahatika (c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Paramatthamanjusa) M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ledi Sayadaw (xem b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi) ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd Vibhavini trong lu\u1eadn v\u0103n cu\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 Sangaha, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 suy gi\u1ea3m m\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f2n t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Myanmar \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cu\u1ea3 Ladi Sayadaw.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sakhepa-vannana, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 16 do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Bhadanta Saddhamma Jotipala, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Chapada Mahathera, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Myanmar \u0111\u00e3 th\u0103m Sri Lanka trong th\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec cu\u1ea3 vua Parakramabahu VI cu\u1ea1 tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Kotte (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 15).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Paramatthadipani-Tika, \u201c Minh gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ebf Nghi\u00e3 T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d cu\u1ea3 Ledi Sayadaw cu\u1ea3 Myanmar (1845-1923) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t rong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Therevada th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n 70 s\u1ed5 tay v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therevada, g\u1ed3m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc, tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p Pali. Tika cu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Lu\u1eadn b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ra 325 ch\u1ed7 quan y\u1ebfu trong Vibhavini-tika m\u00e0 \u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 c\u00f3 sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u sai, tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ef1 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5y l\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ed5 h\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ankura-Tika, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Vimala Sayadaw. Tika n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c vi\u1ebft 15 n\u0103m sau khi \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh quy\u1ec3n Paramatthadipani v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u00fd ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Vibhavini ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u01b0 ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh cu\u1ea3 Sayadaw,<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Navanita-Tika, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u1ea4n t\u00ean l\u00e0 Dhammananda Kosambi, tho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef devanagari v\u00e0o 1993. T\u01b0\u1ea1 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch theo nghi\u00e3 \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201cLu\u1eadn v\u0103n B\u01a1\u201d, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Sangal b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u01a1n tru, g\u1ecdn nh\u1eb9, tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} --><\/p>\n<h3>S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 Sangaha<\/h3>\n<p><!-- \/wp:heading --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Quy\u1ec3n Abhidhammattha Sangaha c\u00f3 ch\u00edn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00f3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch li\u1ec7t k\u00ea b\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho 6 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I,&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;l\u00e0 Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 \u00dd th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i 89 v\u00e0 121 lo\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c. T\u1ea7m bao qu\u00e1t cu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00f9ng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i cu\u1ea3 \u00dd th\u1ee9c cu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Dhammasangani, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u00f3m ba \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong matika, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ba ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c cu\u1ea3 an l\u00e0nh (wholesome), kh\u00f4ng an l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u01b0\u00e3 hai c\u00e1i tr\u00ean (kh\u00f4ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh); r\u1ed3i trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n nh\u1ecf \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c quan, l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ebf vi, l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 si\u00eau ph\u00e0m. C\u00f2n Sangala, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o matika, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean chia \u00fd th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf n\u00f3 tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng II,<\/strong>&nbsp;Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ebf c\u00e1c Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean li\u1ec7t k\u00ea 52 t\u00e2m s\u1edf &#8211; cetasika hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c cu\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m 4 l\u1edbp chung nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng an l\u00e0nh (b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5 sung: tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u1eafn k\u1ebft (sampayoganaya), cho c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tra v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp g\u1eafn k\u1ebft; v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m hay g\u1ed9p (sangahanaya), cho c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb tra v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u cu\u1ea3 nhau. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t cu\u1ea3 b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5 &#8211; Dhammasagani.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III,<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 linh tinh, x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 cu\u1ea3 n\u00f3 theo 6 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9: c\u0103n c\u1ed9i (hetu), c\u1ea3m x\u00fac (feeling), ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng (kicca), c\u01b0\u1ea3 (dvara), \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (arammana), v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf (vatthu).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ba ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u li\u00ean quan ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac cu\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ea3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0, v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. Theo Lu\u1eadn, \u00fd th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n theo hai c\u00e1ch ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng xo\u1eafn xu\u00fdt nhau &#8211; nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c (\u00e2m &#8211; d\u01b0\u01a1ng).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1n,<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u201cqu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh cu\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c\u201d ,<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V,<\/strong>&nbsp;lu\u1ed3ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u201csi\u00eau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai m\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u01b0\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1cb\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI,<\/strong>&nbsp;Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n sang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng hai cu\u1ea3 B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5 &#8211; D li\u1ec7t k\u00ea c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t sinh cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft, v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau cu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c trong c\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1u, Acariya Anuruddha \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cu\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn h\u00e3y c\u00f2n m\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong ba ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII,<\/strong>&nbsp;Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ed1n ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1: Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u (phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh); kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 pha t\u1ea1p, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau; kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft cu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9; v\u00e0 Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1ea1 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 h\u1eb3n v\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Vibhamga v\u00e0 trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5 &#8211; Dhammasangani.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII,<\/strong>&nbsp;Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh (Tri\u1ec1n Ph\u01b0\u01a1c), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 cu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n, theo \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp mang t\u00ednh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y tr\u1ea7n tr\u1ee5i c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng cu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang. S\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea5y hai phu\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong kho t\u00e0ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sinh (ph\u00e1t sinh tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c), n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong T\u1ea1ng Kinh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 Kinh v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Vibhanga (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI).. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y xem x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n-v\u00e0-qu\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1edbisamsara, v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Pattana, v\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 qui \u0111\u1ecbnh. K\u1ebft th\u00fac ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (pannatti), theo \u0111\u00f3 k\u00e9o theo c\u1ea3 Puggalapannatti, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00e0m \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IX v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/strong>, li\u00ean quan, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 C\u00e1c Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft Visuddhimagga. N\u00f3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m sau, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec1n, t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i quan. L\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t , n\u00f3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft, n\u00f3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n d\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. C\u00e1ch tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Abhidhammattha Sangaha c\u00f3 l\u1ebd d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c c\u01b0\u00fa th\u1ebf t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ea3 Lu\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh trong s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3dfc3c0\" data-id=\"3dfc3c0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0ad9977 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0ad9977\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"13585\" class=\"elementor elementor-13585\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2db39c58 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2db39c58\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-52d91723\" data-id=\"52d91723\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40ca3dfb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"40ca3dfb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-13112\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hinh-anh-phat-bon-su-thich-ca-dep-nhat-the-gioi-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hinh-anh-phat-bon-su-thich-ca-dep-nhat-the-gioi-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hinh-anh-phat-bon-su-thich-ca-dep-nhat-the-gioi-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hinh-anh-phat-bon-su-thich-ca-dep-nhat-the-gioi-465x465.jpg 465w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hinh-anh-phat-bon-su-thich-ca-dep-nhat-the-gioi-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/06\/hinh-anh-phat-bon-su-thich-ca-dep-nhat-the-gioi.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>.<\/p><ol><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-mot-chi-1-mot-phap-da-tac-dung\/#ftoc-heading-3\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 1 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-hai-chi-11-hai-phap-da-tac-dung-bahukara-dhamma\/#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 2 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-ba-chi-72-ba-phap-da-tac-dung-bahukara-dhamma\/#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 3 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-bon-chi-164-bon-phap-da-tac-dung-bahukara-dhamma\/#ftoc-heading-8\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 4 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-nam-chi-260-nam-phap-da-tac-dung-bahukara-dhamma\/?#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 5 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-sau-chi-338-sau-phap-da-tac-dung-bahukara-dhamma\/#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 6 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-bay-chi370-bay-phap-da-tac-dung-bahukara-dhamma\/#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 7 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-tam-chi399-tam-phap-da-tac-dung-bahukara-dhamma\/#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 8 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-chin-chi424-chin-phap-da-tac-dung-bahukara-dhamma\/#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 9 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-muoi-chi443-muoi-phap-da-tac-dung-bahukara-dhamma\/#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p 10 chi<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/20\/kho-tang-phap-hoc-theravada-chuong-phap-tren-muoi-chi477-muoi-hai-loai-nghiep-kamma\/#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean 10 chi<\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bac86a elementor-widget 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