{"id":13784,"date":"2021-08-22T04:05:23","date_gmt":"2021-08-21T21:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=13784"},"modified":"2021-08-22T04:06:24","modified_gmt":"2021-08-21T21:06:24","slug":"cu-si-gioi-phap-chuong-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2021\/08\/22\/cu-si-gioi-phap-chuong-i\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u01b0 s\u0129 gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1p – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I : C\u01af S\u0128 TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm\u0101sam-buddhassa.
K\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, \u01afng C\u00fang, Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

CH\u01af\u01a0NG I<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u01af S\u0128 TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.1. T\u1ee8 CH\u00daNG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang (paris\u0101) l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo (bhikkhu), h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo ni (bhikkhun\u012b), h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 (up\u0101saka), h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 (up\u0101sik\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nam tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Sa di (s\u0101manera), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n. Sa di l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, v\u1ecb sa di tu\u1ed5i t\u1eeb hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p th\u1ecd c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi. Sa di b\u00ean T\u0103ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo ni l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u1eef tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 sa di ni v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc n\u1eef (s\u0101ma\u1e47er\u012b, sikkh\u0101m\u0101n\u0101). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp ni ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i qua hai n\u0103m th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc n\u1eef m\u1edbi l\u00e0m sa di ni, th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi sa di ni qua hai n\u0103m v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ee7 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi t\u1ef3 kheo ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed \u1edf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin Tam b\u1ea3o, s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef \u1edf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00e0nh ni ch\u00fang. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin Tam b\u1ea3o, s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, trong \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u1ef3 kheo ni, l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ed9i ch\u00fang nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0 n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.2. \u00dd NGH\u0128A U-B\u00c0-T\u1eaeC V\u00c0 U-B\u00c0-DI<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia (gaha\u1e6d\u1e6dha) hay c\u01b0 s\u0129 (gihi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 U-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc v\u00e0 U-b\u00e0-di. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef Up\u0101saka v\u00e0 Up\u0101sik\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Up\u0101saka (\u00e2m l\u00e0 U-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc), d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1”, danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 “Thi\u1ec7n nam”, nh\u01b0ng danh t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Up\u0101saka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Up\u0101sik\u0101 (\u00e2m l\u00e0 U-b\u00e0-di), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1. Ti\u1ebfng Up\u0101sik\u0101 v\u00e0 Up\u0101saka \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb “Upa + \u0101s”. Danh t\u1eeb Up\u0101sik\u0101 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 “T\u00edn n\u1eef”, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Up\u0101sik\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai danh t\u1eeb c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng up\u0101saka v\u00e0 up\u0101sik\u0101 (U-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc, U-b\u00e0-di) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi Thi\u1ec7n nam v\u00e0 T\u00edn n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta quan ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef, n\u00ean m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n nam; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00edn n\u1eef. Th\u1eadt ra quan ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao t\u1ea1o thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin m\u1ea1nh. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef v\u1eabn t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u1eady. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef, c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt-Ph\u00e1p-T\u0103ng, tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 Tam b\u1ea3o, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.3. NH\u1eeeNG C\u01af S\u0128 \u0110\u1ea6U TI\u00caN<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o qui y nh\u1ecb b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Tapussa v\u00e0 Bhallika<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

 – V\u00e0o tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y sau khi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y R\u0101j\u0101yatana. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia t\u00ean Tapussa v\u00e0 Bhallika tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea, t\u1eeb Ukkhala \u0111i ngang qua ch\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1, khi \u1ea5y hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u01a1i, c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u1eeba gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y R\u0101j\u0101yatana; c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u00e3y \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi b\u00e1nh b\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong. S\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n l\u1ee3i \u00edch an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o, hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia n\u00e0y l\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u1ed9i d\u1eebng xe, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong, r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e0n c\u00e2y R\u0101j\u0101yatana. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u01a1i hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean Ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, xin Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang con, b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong cho ch\u00fang con \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch an vui l\u00e2u d\u00e0i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n suy ngh\u0129:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng tay, v\u1eady ta n\u00ean th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt ong n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i chi \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n ra mang b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i b\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 d\u00e2ng l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1nh v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i b\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y b\u1ed1n c\u00e1i b\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t, xong ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i b\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c xong hai th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia Tapussa v\u00e0 Bhallika \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 xin qui y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ch\u00fang con xin qui y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00e0 qui y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. Xin \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thu nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang con l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi qui ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o n\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 qui y Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 qui y nh\u1ecb b\u1ea3o (Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o qui y Tam b\u1ea3o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

 – Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n t\u1ea1i L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n Isipatana g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh B\u0101r\u0101\u1e47as\u012b, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m t\u1ef3 kheo Ko\u1e47\u1e0da\u00f1\u00f1a (Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0). B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tam B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o, Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, v\u00e0 T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh B\u0101r\u0101\u1e47as\u012b (Ba-la-n\u1ea1i) c\u00f3 \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fa h\u1ed9, l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa kh\u1edfi l\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e1n m\u00f9i t\u1ee5c l\u1ee5y, v\u00ec \u0111\u00eam khuya ch\u1ee3t th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1c c\u00f4 h\u1ea7u ng\u1ee7 say tr\u00ean s\u00e0n nh\u00e0, m\u1ed7i c\u00f4 l\u1ed9 ra t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1ea7n ti\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ra c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00ea ch\u1ec1 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba tha ma. C\u00f4ng t\u1eed ch\u00e1n ng\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m b\u1ecf nh\u00e0 ra \u0111i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam thanh v\u1eafng, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 khu r\u1eebng Isipatana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eeba \u0111i, c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa v\u1eeba \u0111i v\u1eeba th\u1ed1t: “\u00d4i! \u0111\u1eddi qu\u00e1 b\u1ea9n ch\u1eadt, qu\u00e1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i’. Ch\u00e0ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn ven r\u1eebng th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u00e0ng. Khi nghe l\u1eddi than th\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u1ebd b\u1ea3o: “H\u1ee1i Yasa, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea9n ch\u1eadt, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ee1i Yasa! h\u00e3y ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, ta s\u1ebd thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u01a1i nghe”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o, ch\u00e0ng b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ea1t d\u00e0o ni\u1ec1m hoan h\u1ef7. Ch\u00e0ng li\u1ec1n c\u1edfi \u0111\u00f4i hia v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111i ch\u00e2n tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, qu\u00ec xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i qua m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho c\u00f4ng t\u1eed nghe, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, \u0111\u00e3 khai th\u1ecb v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. Li\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

R\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 th\u00e2n ph\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Yasa \u0111i t\u00ecm con. \u00d4ng \u0111i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 khu r\u1eebng Isipa-tana. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00e0n c\u00e2y trong khu r\u1eebng \u1ea5y. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng che khu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa, n\u00ean \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con m\u00ecnh \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi th\u0103m Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhin th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u1eed \u0111i qua \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng ta h\u00e3y ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2y trong gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng t\u1eed \u1ea5y. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 nghe l\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u00f4ng nghe, v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, khai th\u1ecb ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n cho \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn ngay khi \u0111\u00f3. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 xin qui y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u! B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadt l\u00ean v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u00fap, hay nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf ra v\u1eadt b\u1ecb g\u00f3i k\u00edn, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho k\u1ebb l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i cho k\u1ebb c\u00f3 m\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc; c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i. B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, con xin qui y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, qui y Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, qui y T\u0103ng ch\u00fang; mong \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn con l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u00e3 qui y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng chung”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o (Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o – Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o – T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o qui y Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n m\u1eabu v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n th\u00ea c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa <\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

–<\/em><\/strong>Trong khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec c\u00f4ng t\u1eed Yasa \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea9m nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i thu h\u1ed3i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con trai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t vui v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o con trai h\u00e3y tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 an l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 r\u1eb1ng: Yasa, con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf lui l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u1eefa. Nghe v\u1eady \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t vui l\u00f2ng v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u n\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y mai, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ra v\u1ec1. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p Yasa th\u1ecd ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o t\u1ef3 kheo b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch “Ehi bhikkhu” (Thi\u1ec7n lai t\u1ef3 kheo).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f9ng t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Yasa l\u00e0 th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, cha c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Yasa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Yasa \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n ch\u01a1n l\u00fd cho nh\u1eefng n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u1ea5y nghe. Cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n ly tr\u1ea7n v\u00f4 c\u1ea5u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, xin qui y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u1eadt k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u! B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadt l\u00ean v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u00fap, hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf ra v\u1eadt b\u1ecb g\u00f3i k\u00edn, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho k\u1ebb l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i, hay nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em \u0111\u00e8n v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i cho k\u1ebb c\u00f3 m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc; c\u00f9ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i. B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ch\u00fang con xin qui y \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, qui y Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, qui y T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, mong \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang con l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 qui y k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng chung” …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.4. NH\u1eeeNG C\u01af S\u0128 C\u00d3 C\u00d4NG H\u1ea0NH L\u1edaN<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Bimbis\u0101ra (B\u00ecnh Sa V\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/em><\/strong> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– Khi th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta tho\u00e1t ly \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u01a1n l\u00fd, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. Bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Gotama (\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh g\u1ecdi th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129-\u0111\u1ea1t-ta, khi Ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129) ch\u01b0a kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, Ng\u00e0i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha (V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1) c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Magadha (Ma ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e0). Khi \u1ea5y vua Bimbis\u0101ra \u0111ang tr\u1ecb v\u00ec x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y, kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a vua l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u0111\u1ee9c vua tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111ang \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb uy nghi\u00eam khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch qu\u00ed ph\u00e1i sang tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u1ee9c vua l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u1ea3m k\u00edch n\u00ean sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i th\u0103m d\u00f2. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Gotama, nh\u00e0 vua b\u00e8n kh\u1edfi gi\u00e1 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e1m t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 h\u1ecfi th\u0103m Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ai? sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o? \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Gotama tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u00e0 vua v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u00e0 vua c\u00e0ng n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n th\u1ec9nh Ng\u00e0i sau khi th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Magadha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00fang theo l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, sau khi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng \u0111i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed A la h\u00e1n t\u1eeb G\u0101y\u0101 \u0111\u1ebfn R\u0101jagaha. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec7n Suppatittha, trong khu r\u1eebng k\u00e8 (La\u1e6d\u1e6dhivana).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tin l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn tai vua Bimbis\u0101ra v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ee9c vua b\u00e8n d\u1eabn theo \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i cung k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e1 ch\u00e0o, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u0103m h\u1ecfi x\u00e3 giao v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110o\u00e0n T\u0103ng s\u0129 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n v\u1ecb \u0111i theo \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 th\u1edd l\u1eeda do T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Uruvelakassapa (Ca-Di\u1ebfp) l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fac \u1ea5y h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a vua c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca-Di\u1ebfp, ai l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y, ai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca-Di\u1ebfp t\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1edd l\u1eeda n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang. T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca-Di\u1ebfp hi\u1ec3u \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, li\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn an vui gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 th\u1edd l\u1eeda v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 \u00edch. N\u00f3i xong T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca-Di\u1ebfp kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a con, con l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghe v\u1eady t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hoan h\u1ef7, d\u1ee9t nghi nan. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e2m t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1p, Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd nghe tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e2n hoan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c vua v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xin qui y Tam b\u1ea3o, th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam. Sau \u0111\u00f3, vua Bimbis\u0101ra cung th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0o ho\u00e0ng cung th\u1ecd trai ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00f4m sau, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u00e0ng cung th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c. Khi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng xong, \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi xin hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee9c vua l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ng\u00f4i tu vi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

‘M\u1ed9t n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng xa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh th\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ai mu\u1ed1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ban ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u1ed3n \u00e0o, ban \u0111\u00eam y\u00ean t\u0129nh, kho\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1t v\u00e0 k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o, n\u01a1i \u1ea5y s\u1ebd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecbnh”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Bimbis\u0101ra ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn khu Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m (Veluvana) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ng\u00f4i tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p T\u0103ng ch\u00fang nh\u1eadn ch\u00f9a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khu Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Veluvan\u0101r\u0101ma (Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m T\u1ef1), v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o do \u0111\u1ee9c vua Bimbis\u0101ra hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 Tam b\u1ea3o t\u00edch c\u1ef1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika (C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

 – T\u1ea1i kinh th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatthi (X\u00e1-v\u1ec7) c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa t\u00ean Sudatta t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho c\u00e1c k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o kh\u00f4ng n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi t\u1eb7ng \u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ef9 danh An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika (C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p do m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean k\u1ef3 ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111i t\u1eeb S\u0101vatth\u012b \u0111\u1ebfn R\u0101jagaha vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh v\u1ee3, th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh \u0111ang b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5, \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ti\u1ec7c m\u1eebng, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 cung nghinh \u0111\u1ee9c vua ng\u1ef1 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0. Khi h\u1ecfi ra m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh thi\u1ebft l\u1ec5 trai \u0111\u00e0n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai. Tho\u1ea1t nghe danh t\u1eeb “Buddha” (v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt), \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika r\u1ed9n l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft tha mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00eam \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee3p m\u1eaft, l\u00f2ng c\u1ee9 nao nao ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1ng n\u1eefa, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111i trong \u0111\u00eam v\u1eafng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 S\u012btavana, khu r\u1eebng n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1 xoa t\u00ean Sivakha \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c thu ng\u1eafn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u00f4ng toan th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i th\u00ec d\u1ea1 xoa \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, tr\u1ea5n an \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng S\u012btavana, c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi t\u00ean t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, Sudatta, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vui m\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u00f4ng nghe. Sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u (Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn), \u00f4ng xin qui y Tam b\u1ea3o. \u00d4ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c kh\u1ea9n kho\u1ea3n th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 kinh th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatth\u012b. Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ec9nh Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i g\u1ee3i \u00fd v\u1edbi \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng: ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch \u1edf n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u00d4ng t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 S\u0101vatth\u012b v\u1ed9i v\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn S\u0101vatth\u012b, \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5t ch\u00f9a. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed Jeta, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u1ea5y v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 “L\u00e1t n\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i v\u00e0ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t di\u1ec7n t\u00edch bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n t\u00edch r\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean (Jetavana), \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ra 18 ko\u1e6di ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng (1 ko\u1e6di l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec7u) \u0111\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u1ea5t. V\u00e0 b\u1ecf ra 18 ko\u1e6di ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 danh ti\u1ebfng Jetavanamah\u0101vih\u0101ra. Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 an c\u01b0 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i A\u1e45guttaranik\u0101ya v\u00e0 Dhammapada ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y 500 v\u1ecb; trong nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 500 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1eb5n cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch T\u0103ng n\u00e0o t\u1eeb xa \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kip th\u1eddi gian \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, gh\u00e9 qua nh\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd trai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c c\u0169ng d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i ph\u01b0\u1edbc x\u00e1 \u1edf b\u1ed1n c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatth\u012b \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng t\u00e2n kh\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 dung th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, ba g\u00e1i l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0 Mah\u0101subhadd\u0101, C\u016blasubhadd\u0101, v\u00e0 Sum\u0101n\u0101, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t trai l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng t\u1eed K\u0101la. Ba n\u00e0ng ti\u1ec3u th\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c gi\u00fap cha trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng ch\u00fang; c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 cha m\u00ecnh, ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 n\u00e0ng Sum\u0101n\u0101 th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f4ng t\u1eed K\u0101la th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00eau l\u1ed5ng, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft ti\u00eau x\u00e0i \u0103n ch\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. V\u1ec1 sau, l\u00fac ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha cho ti\u1ec1n thu\u00ea c\u1eadu ta \u0111i nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i c\u00f4ng t\u1eed K\u0101la ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m tin b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con d\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c, v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng t\u1eed K\u0101la, bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u01b0 x\u1eed t\u1ec7 b\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng; nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau nh\u1edd nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3y h\u1ea1ng v\u1ee3, n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i t\u00e0 qui ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0o s\u1ea3ng h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed x\u1ea3 t\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i t\u00edn n\u1eef Vis\u0101kh\u0101 <\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– M\u1ed9t n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho h\u00e0ng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 h\u00e0ng thi\u1ec7n nam \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika (C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c), th\u00ec trong h\u00e0ng t\u00edn n\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 vai v\u1ebf v\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c th\u00ec b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1edfi em g\u00e1i \u00fat c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00e0 con d\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u1eef nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong h\u00e0ng t\u00edn n\u1eef, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng v\u1ec1 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, trong h\u00e0ng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef (D\u0101yik\u0101na\u1e43 agg\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 l\u00e0 con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 Dhana\u00f1jaya, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fa Me\u1e47\u1e0daka \u1edf th\u00e0nh Bhaddiya x\u1ee9 A\u1e45ga. Th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Bhaddiya x\u1ee9 A\u1e45ga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o n\u0103m b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn Bhaddiya c\u00f9ng \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng. B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghe Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. Nghe ph\u00e1p xong Vis\u0101kh\u0101 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 theo cha di c\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf S\u0101keta m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n thu\u1ed9c Kosala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u tu\u1ed5i. Trong s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p thanh xu\u00e2n d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ebfn khi lu\u1ed1ng tu\u1ed5i. Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u0103m v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t trong m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea1m vi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng tha th\u01b0\u1edbt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nam nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i m\u00f4n \u0111\u0103ng h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i trong th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatth\u012b, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ni- Ki\u1ec1n-T\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ean ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a b\u00e0, v\u00e0 b\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu v\u00ec b\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt. Cha ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Vis\u0101-kh\u0101, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 Mig\u0101ra, m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3, \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed9c n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u1ea5y khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00fac tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 l\u00f5a th\u1ec3, b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf v\u00e0o trong, khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u v\u00f4 ph\u00e9p. B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ed1i. \u00d4ng cha ch\u1ed3ng \u0111u\u1ed1i l\u00fd \u0111\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn l\u00e0m vui. Nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y b\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 xin ph\u00e9p cha ch\u1ed3ng cho b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do sinh ho\u1ea1t theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a b\u00e0. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 Mig\u0101ra ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p sau b\u1eefa \u0103n. \u00d4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 Mig\u0101ra ng\u1ed3i sau b\u1ee9c r\u00e8m nghe tr\u1ed9m, nghe xong th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u00f4ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn. \u00d4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tri \u00e2n v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u qu\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u00f4ng v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y \u00f4ng xem n\u00e0ng d\u00e2u Vis\u0101kh\u0101 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9a ch\u00e1u n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mig\u0101ra, t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 sau ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00e0 Mig\u0101ram\u0101tu (m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Mig\u0101ra) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo hai ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, b\u00e0 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00ean ch\u1ed3ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn, s\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 500 v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo. Bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, b\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a nghe ph\u00e1p, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i quanh ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 xem ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng chi, lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang t\u00edn c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m lo l\u1eafng an nguy c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt t\u0103ng gi\u00e0, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u01b0a \u00fd ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t, nh\u01b0 v\u1ee5 \u00e1n t\u1ef3 kheo ni m\u1eabu th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Kum\u0101rakassapa ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 \u0111\u00e3 xin \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho b\u00e0 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng t\u1ea1i S\u0101vatth\u012b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- D\u00e2ng y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi b\u00e0.
2- C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch T\u0103ng v\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn.
3- C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u0103ng s\u1eafp r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi.
4- D\u00e2ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb T\u0103ng \u0111au b\u1ec7nh.
5- D\u00e2ng th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb T\u0103ng nu\u00f4i b\u1ec7nh.
6- D\u00e2ng thu\u1ed1c men \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb T\u0103ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh.
7- D\u00e2ng ch\u00e1o s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.
8- D\u00e2ng y \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho b\u00e0 t\u00e1m \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng ch\u00f9a b\u00e0 c\u1edfi chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00ednh ng\u1ecdc qu\u00ed gi\u00e1, g\u00f3i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 giao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 c\u1ea7m gi\u1eef v\u00ec b\u00e0 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c sang tr\u1ecdng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd. Sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p ra v\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u00f9a, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1eb7t c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef t\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i cho ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 hay r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean g\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed3 trong ch\u00f9a th\u00ec b\u00e0 sai tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef t\u1ef3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i \u0100nanda \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef. B\u00e0 li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ng\u1ecf \u00fd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n b\u00e1n chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u1edf c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatthi. B\u00e0 r\u1ea5t hoan h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n mua l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n \u1ea5y ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Pubb\u0101r\u0101ma (\u0110\u00f4ng Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ef1) c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn 120 tu\u1ed5i. B\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u con ch\u00e1u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ebfu th\u1ea3o. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00fac l\u1ed9c th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng y J\u012bvaka<\/strong><\/em> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi, gi\u00e0u t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m lo s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe Ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh cho ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng J\u012bvaka c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean n\u1eefa l\u00e0 J\u012bvakakom\u0101rabhacca.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

J\u012bvaka l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng S\u0101lavat\u012b, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u1eef trong th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha. Khi m\u1edbi ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1i th\u00f9ng. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Abhaya con vua Bimbis\u0101ra, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111i ngang qua ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean mang v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i. V\u00ec h\u00e0i nhi “C\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng” n\u00ean ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 “J\u012bvaka”, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Kom\u0101rabhacca”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1edbn l\u00ean \u00f4ng theo h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 y v\u1edbi v\u1ecb danh y Takkasil\u0101 h\u1ebft b\u1ea3y n\u0103m, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u00e0i. \u00d4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 khoa ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt. S\u00e1ch ghi r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng m\u1ef9 m\u00e3n cu\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu cho m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u kinh ni\u00ean. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Bimbis\u0101ra c\u1eed \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 Ujjeni \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh cho vua Candappajjota, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng y J\u012bvaka c\u00f3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 qui y Tam B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi vua Bimbis\u0101ra b\u0103ng h\u00e0, Th\u00e1i t\u1eed Aj\u0101tasattu l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn d\u1eabn vua Aj\u0101tasattu \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1edf t\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng xo\u00e0i Ambavana \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp c\u1ea3i h\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c gi\u1ebft cha so\u00e1n ng\u00f4i, quay \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n trong Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. C\u0169ng nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 vua Aj\u0101tasattu b\u1edbt \u0111i m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00ednh nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 ch\u01b0 th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch ba th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng J\u012bvaka \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i \u1ea5y v\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Ve\u1e37uvana (Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m) qu\u00e1 xa \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho Ng\u00e0i. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m lo ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb cho T\u0103ng ch\u00fang b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xao l\u00e3ng v\u1edbi ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00f4ng r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn danh y J\u012bvaka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ban h\u00e0nh lu\u1eadt thu nh\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0o T\u0103ng ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh l\u00e2y nhi\u1ec5m. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng y J\u012bvaka \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh (Vin.I.71).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng theo l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111i b\u1ed9, qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0 v.v… \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe (Vin.II.119).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng J\u012bvaka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n ch\u00fang k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t (agga\u1e43 puggalappasann\u0101na\u1e43) (A.I.26).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi Kosala (Ba-T\u01b0-N\u1eb7c)<\/strong><\/em> <\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua m\u00e0 t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec \u1edf S\u0101vatth\u012b (X\u00e1 v\u1ec7) c\u00f3 hai ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m l\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i Jetavanavih\u0101ra, s\u00e1u l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1i Pubb\u0101r\u0101ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua x\u1ee9 Kosala (Ki\u1ec1u T\u00e1t La) kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a vua l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh S\u0101vatth\u012b (X\u00e1 V\u1ec7), s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a vua Mah\u0101kosala, t\u1eeb thu\u1edf nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Takkasil\u0101, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng Licchav\u012b Mahali v\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed d\u00f2ng Malla l\u00e0 Malla Bandhula – sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ed1ng so\u00e1i c\u1ee7a vua Pasenadi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb Takkasil\u0101 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Kosala, ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i qua nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i vua l\u1ea1i cho ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n, vua Pasenadi \u0111em h\u1ebft t\u00e0i ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh v\u1eadn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u00e0 vua th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch bang giao t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n giao v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n t\u00edn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac m\u1ea1ng chung, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 nh\u01b0 vua Bimbis\u0101ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 vua h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Trong kinh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n vua \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 \u00fap m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 vua Pasenadi c\u00f9ng tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0m di\u1ec5n ra th\u00e2n m\u1eadt, v\u00e0 trung th\u1ef1c th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn. Trong Sa\u1e43-yuttanik\u0101ya ph\u1ea9m T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng Kosala, \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m 25 giai tho\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i giai tho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c do vua Pasenadi n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3ng cho vua Pasenadi. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thanh danh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh b\u00f4i nh\u1ecd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 trong v\u1ee5 \u00e1n n\u00e0ng Sundar\u012bnand\u0101 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c can thi\u1ec7p nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00fat m\u1eafc c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan T\u0103ng ch\u00fang nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo ni m\u1eabu th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i Kum\u0101rakassapa, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ef3 kheo Ko\u1e47\u1e0dadh\u0101na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u01afng \u0110\u1ed1i Tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1eafm gi\u1ee1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a vua Pasenadi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ho\u00e0ng cung vua nh\u00ecn th\u1eb3ng ra d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Aciravat\u012b, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n vua \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean s\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo t\u1eafm gi\u1ee1n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb9p m\u1eaft. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o b\u1ea1ch tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ee1n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 kheo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng vua Pase-nadi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u00e0 vua v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u00e1i m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 khoan dung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn n\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai l\u1ea7m, su\u00fdt g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u1ed9i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c l\u1ec5 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u s\u00fac v\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nhi, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh vua Pasenadi cho x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb chu \u0111\u00e1o. May nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mallik\u0101 c\u1ee7a vua can ng\u0103n v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9c vua h\u00e3y \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c ghi l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c vua v\u00ec luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef khi ng\u00e0i c\u01b0\u1ee1i ng\u1ef1a d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i trong kinh th\u00e0nh. Khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111i v\u00e0o ban chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em v\u1ec1 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i hoa s\u00fang qu\u00ed hi\u1ebfm v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t tr\u1ed3ng hoa s\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch xa kinh th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m do tu\u1ea7n, th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ec5 th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i ch\u1ebft. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u1ea3i qua cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh, r\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 l\u1ec7nh vua phong t\u1ecfa kh\u00f4ng m\u1edf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i l\u1ea9n tr\u1ed1n v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a Jetavana. Nh\u00e0 vua su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng an gi\u1ea5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u00e1i \u1ed1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u00e1ng d\u1eady, vua ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn Jetavana vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. T\u00ecnh c\u1edd g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i h\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nghe c\u1ea3 hai k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4i b\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi v\u00ec \u0103n u\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n vua \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua h\u00e3y ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y cho vua m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea9m th\u1ef1c. Vua Pasenadi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo v\u00e0 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a. Vua c\u00e0ng k\u00ednh th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi may m\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft cho nghe r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p. Trong Sa\u1e43yuttanik\u0101ya, ph\u1ea9m Kosalavagga ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mallik\u0101, vua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1eadt long tr\u1ecdng, v\u1edbi 500 con voi c\u1ea7m l\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1ea7u T\u0103ng ch\u00fang; \u0111\u1ee9c vua tranh \u0111ua v\u1edbi d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 v\u00f4 song th\u00ed”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra h\u00e0o ph\u00f3ng, khi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Ju\u1e47ha l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m hoan h\u1ef7 trong cu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, vua b\u00e8n ban th\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdng h\u1eadu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi cho \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Ju\u1e47ha l\u00e0m vua b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y t\u00f9y th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n K\u0101\u1e37a, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf ra b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, n\u00ean vua \u0111\u00e3 tru\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kosala.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i J\u0101taka th\u00ec vua Pasenadi c\u00f3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00f9a Jetavana \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00f4i t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 R\u0101ja-gah\u0101r\u0101ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Pasenadi b\u0103ng h\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, th\u1ecd 80 tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft trong c\u1ea3nh c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 tr\u1ecd \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Asoka (A-D\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u01a1ng)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

 – M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 sau th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0o s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi nay. T\u00ean tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Asoka xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 ba tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, kho\u1ea3ng 200 n\u0103m sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00edp b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a vua Bimbis\u0101ra x\u1ee9 Campala. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi em ru\u1ed9t n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 Vitasoka. V\u1ec1 sau ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 Vitasoka xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0o Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc A la h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thu\u1edf thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi, ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Asoka kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua cha y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, tay ch\u00e2n th\u00f4 k\u1ec7ch nh\u00e1m nh\u00faa, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed kh\u00e1c – anh em m\u1ed9t cha kh\u00e1c m\u1eb9 v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c do c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 l\u00e2n c\u1eadn x\u00e2m l\u1ea5n. Vua cha, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka n\u00ean lu\u00f4n ban l\u1ec7nh cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u0111i chinh ph\u1ea1t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, binh m\u00e3 v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n nhu t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng do t\u00e0i thao l\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111em chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua cha c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi con kh\u00e1c, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed m\u00e0 vua cha r\u1ea5t y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m \u0110\u00f4ng cung Th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Susima. Nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Susima t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng v\u00e0 hung d\u1eef n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a v\u0103n v\u00f5 tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n. H\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau ch\u1edd d\u1ecbp s\u1ebd l\u1eadp ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka l\u00ean ng\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u00e0y kia x\u1ee9 Takkasil\u0101 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n, vua Bindus\u0101ra sai \u0111\u00f4ng cung Susima mang \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u00e2n d\u1eb9p lo\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Hay tin ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0nh, vua cha th\u1ecd b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka \u0111em binh ti\u1ebfp \u1ee9ng cho \u0111\u00f4ng cung Susima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka c\u00e1o b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t chinh. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y vua Bin-dus\u0101ra b\u1ec7nh c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, b\u00e8n v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u t\u00e2u vua xin nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i l\u1ea1i cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 an b\u00e0y t\u00f4n ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Asoka l\u00ean ng\u00f4i, d\u00f9 vua cha kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Vua Bindus\u0101ra qu\u00e1 t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn th\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft m\u00e0 b\u0103ng h\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hay tin \u1ea5y, \u0111\u00f4ng cung Susima t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1c k\u00e9o binh v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh P\u0101taliputta \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i vua. Vua Asoka l\u1eadp k\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng cung Susina.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i gai Susima, vua Asoka b\u00e8n b\u1eaft gi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng quan th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh v\u00ec th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh x\u1ea5u x\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e0 vua l\u1ea1i cho l\u1eadp ra c\u1ea3nh \u0110\u1ecba Ng\u1ee5c B\u1ed3ng Lai \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u1ed9i nh\u00e2n, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ed1n \u1ea5y th\u1eadt h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c B\u1ed3ng lai ti\u00ean c\u1ea3nh, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u00f9ng r\u1ee3n nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1eadt d\u00e3 man.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, vua Asoka l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua hi\u1ebfu s\u00e1t. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5t binh chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c kinh ho\u00e0ng. Trong cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t \u1ea5y, th\u00ea th\u1ea3m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Kali\u1e45ga, m\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u00f4n qu\u00e2n s\u0129 b\u1ecb t\u1eed tr\u1eadn, m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m mu\u00f4n qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb b\u1eaft l\u00e0m t\u00f9 binh \u0111em l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i, th\u00e2y ch\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh n\u00fai, m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfu s\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh hung b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta th\u00e1n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0 Ca\u1e47\u1e0d\u0101soka (\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Asoka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i t\u00ean l\u00e0 Samudda v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh P\u0101taliputta \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111i ngang qua ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c b\u1ed3ng lai, v\u00ec m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh m\u00e1t m\u1ebb h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1ea5y d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n ng\u1ed3i ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t. B\u1ecdn cai ng\u1ee5c b\u1eaft gi\u1eef t\u1ef3 kheo Samudda v\u00e0 giam v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i lao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ef3 kheo Samudda \u0111\u00e3 tranh th\u1ee7 th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, tinh t\u1ea5n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc A la h\u00e1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, b\u1ecdn cai ng\u1ee5c d\u1eabn Ng\u00e0i ra h\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh, b\u1ecf v\u00e0o ch\u1ea3o d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda. Ng\u00e0i Samud-da ng\u1ed3i nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean trong ch\u1ea3o d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 h\u1ea5n g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o tin l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng \u1ea5y, v\u1ed9i v\u00e3 ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ee5c th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 xem s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i Samudda bay l\u00ean ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung. \u0110\u1ee9c vua sanh t\u00e2m kinh s\u1ee3 li\u1ec1n ch\u1eafp tay \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Samudda v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Samudda gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Samudda b\u00e8n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho nh\u00e0 vua nghe, v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean nh\u00e0 vua h\u00e3y b\u1ecf d\u1eef v\u1ec1 l\u00e0nh, m\u1edf l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi b\u00e1c \u00e1i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n, \u0111em l\u1ea1i an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u1eafc cho nh\u00e0 vua bi\u1ebft l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 200 n\u0103m, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 vua s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5ng th\u1edd x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cao qu\u00fd, \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn n\u01a1i Tam B\u1ea3o, b\u00e8n qu\u00ec xu\u1ed1ng t\u00e1c b\u1ea1ch r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay tr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. Nay tr\u1eabm xin th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n. Tr\u1eabm xin qui y Ph\u1eadt – Ph\u00e1p – T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Samudda ph\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: “S\u0101dhu! S\u0101dhu! L\u00e0nh thay! L\u00e0nh thay! r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebfn \u0111i m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vua Asoka li\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 l\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c b\u1ed3ng lai \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u00e0 vua t\u1eadn t\u00e2m h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c theo tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y vua thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khoan h\u1ed3ng, b\u00e8n t\u1eb7ng cho vua m\u1ef9 danh l\u00e0 Dhamm\u0101soka (Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng Asoka hay Minh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Asoka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111em ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vua Asoka n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh th\u1ea1nh tr\u1ecb, h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u. N\u00ean sau khi qui y theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ee9c vua t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha th\u1ec9nh tr\u1ecdn ph\u1ea7n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an v\u1ecb trong th\u00e1nh th\u00e1p m\u00e0 vua Aj\u0101tasattu ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ec3 mang v\u1ec1 P\u0101taliputta; \u0111\u1ee9c vua c\u0169ng ra l\u1ecbnh cho s\u00e1u v\u1ecb vua x\u1ee9 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u mang n\u1ea1p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1edbt t\u1ea1i Kusin\u0101r\u0101 sau l\u1ec5 tr\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kim th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn th\u1ee3 l\u00e0m 84.000 h\u1ed9p nh\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 84.000 c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh l\u1edbn h\u01a1n c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n chia X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i l\u00e0m 84.000 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u nhau v\u00e0 an tr\u00ed v\u00e0o 84.000 c\u00e1i h\u1ed9p nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o 84.000 c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh l\u1edbn. Xong vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ee9c vua cho ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng x\u00e2y ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u00ed X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c qui \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 d\u00e2n c\u01b0 t\u1eeb 10 tri\u1ec7u, x\u00e2y th\u00e1p X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i, b\u1ed1n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m, x\u00e2y th\u00e1p X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, x\u00e2y th\u00e1p X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 Vitasoka xu\u1ea5t gia theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng cho ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mahinda v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Sa\u1e45ghamitt\u0101 gia nh\u1eadp gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni, c\u1ea3 ba v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m tr\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a vua tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng bia \u0111\u00e1 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o d\u00e2n ch\u00fang s\u1ed1ng theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea1i d\u1ef1ng c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u t\u00edch: \u0110\u1ea3n Sanh, Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n, N\u00edp B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka sau khi cho hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con xu\u1ea5t gia, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00ean c\u00e0ng t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn Tam B\u1ea3o. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c vua xu\u1ea5t ra 500.000 \u0111\u1ed3ng Kah\u0101pana c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o. C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m tu s\u0129 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ed1ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c v\u00ec \u1edf ngo\u00e0i h\u1ecd b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n. H\u1ecd gia nh\u1eadp h\u00e0ng T\u0103ng ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u00e0nh phi ph\u00e1p t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i su\u1ed1t b\u1ea3y n\u0103m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ee9c vua bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng Mog-galliputtatissa. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c vua th\u1ec9nh m\u1eddi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo trong th\u00e0nh h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Asak\u0101r\u0101ma t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ee9c vua l\u00e0m gi\u00e1m kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1eebng v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo do ch\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o l\u00e0m h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ee9ng minh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng qua cu\u1ed9c thanh l\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 60.000 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o, cho ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Moggalliputtatissa h\u1ecdp T\u0103ng 6 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh T\u0103ng s\u1ef1 Uposatha. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ra 1000 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo A la h\u00e1n tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c tam t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. \u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cho k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp tam t\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00e0o n\u0103m Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch 235.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 T\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn. V\u00e0o n\u0103m Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch 236, sau khi k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, Ng\u00e0i Moggalliputtatissa bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh \u1edf ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed ch\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o sang c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 l\u00e2n bang, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ch\u00edn \u0111o\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00edn \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u00e0 vua v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Tam b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i di ng\u00f4n cho c\u00e1c quan th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh d\u00e2ng h\u1ebft c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t Di\u00eam Ph\u00f9 (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) \u0111\u1ebfn Tam b\u1ea3o. C\u00e1c quan ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t qu\u1ed1c kh\u1ed1 mua l\u1ea1i giang s\u01a1n cho v\u1ecb t\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Tam B\u1ea3o th\u00ec vua Asola kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u00edn n\u1eef Vis\u0101kh\u0101, v\u00ec hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh Tu \u0111\u00e0hu\u1eddn. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka v\u1eabn chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.5. QU\u1ea2 V\u1eca TU H\u00c0NH C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI C\u01af S\u0128<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb (phala) tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Nh\u1eadp L\u01b0u (Sot\u0101pattiphala) c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, S\u01a1 qu\u1ea3, Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u hay D\u1ef1 l\u01b0u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh v\u1ee9c; khi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu t\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh H\u1eefu h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Sot\u0101patti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ba ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7. V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n (v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t lai), v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sanh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 sanh \u1edf c\u00f5i vui, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng sanh \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o 4 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t lai (Sakad\u0101g\u0101miphala), c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3, T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t lai, v\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sanh l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafc v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y N\u00edp b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 hai trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao h\u01a1n nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Sakad\u0101g\u0101mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh Nh\u1ea5t lai ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb hai ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0: d\u1ee5c \u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t lai (An\u0101g\u0101miphala), c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam qu\u1ea3, A na h\u00e0m<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t lai, v\u00ec b\u1eadc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c n\u1eefa, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u01b0 y N\u00edp b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 ba trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc cao h\u01a1n Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn v\u00e0 T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A na h\u00e0m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng An\u0101g\u0101mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh B\u1ea5t lai \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, d\u1ee5c \u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u01afng C\u00fang (Arahattaphala), c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, A la h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u01afng C\u00fang, v\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1eadc x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao t\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A la h\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecdc \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Arahatta hay Araha\u1e43.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh A la h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ecbnh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t, l\u00e0 \u00c1i s\u1eafc, \u00c1i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc v\u00f4 sanh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t xu\u1ed1ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy v\u1eady, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eafc A la h\u00e1n, c\u00f3 hai s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia, hai l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch N\u00edp b\u00e0n ngay trong ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong kinh Milindapa\u00f1h\u0101, \u0111\u1ee9c vua Milinda b\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i N\u0101gasena t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng khi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A la h\u00e1n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0i N\u0101gasena gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129 qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi y\u1ebfu k\u00e9m, kh\u00f4ng kham n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng A la h\u00e1n. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00ed d\u1ee5: ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ee5ng y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 ti\u00eau h\u00f3a, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i c\u1ecf lau kh\u00f4ng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1ed5i t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean, ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kham n\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafc A la h\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana), \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n Santati, du s\u0129 B\u0101hiya-d\u0101rucariya v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kham n\u1ed5i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn, T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m, v\u00e0 A na h\u00e0m. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 A na h\u00e0m th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng ly th\u00e2n v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c. V\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y thi\u1ebft tha v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00ec b\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. \u0110a ph\u1ea7n c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn, m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i ni\u1ec1m tin Tam b\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111ang h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn N\u00edp-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafc Tu \u0111\u00e0 hu\u1eddn, nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika, \u00f4ng J\u012bvika, vua Bimbis\u0101ra, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafc T\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0 h\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 Suman\u0101 con g\u00e1i \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p-c\u00f4-\u0111\u1ed9c, Mah\u0101n\u0101ma \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng Th\u00edch ca v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafc A na h\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n nam Chattap\u0101ni \u1edf S\u0101vatth\u012b, gia ch\u1ee7 Citta \u1edf Macchik\u0101sa\u1e47da, gia ch\u1ee7 Ugga \u1edf Ves\u0101li, M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng M\u0101tik\u0101g\u0101ma, cha v\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng M\u0101gandiya v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m m\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t gia. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed7i khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I.6.<\/strong> VAI TR\u00d2 C\u01af S\u0128 TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, Ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u1eeba theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p h\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed3n vong c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, sau khi Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo ni, nam c\u01b0 s\u0129, n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0, s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn h\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi, s\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 qui thu\u1eadn l\u1eabn nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i sau khi Nh\u01b0 Lai vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch” (A.III.247).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. M\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft tha s\u1ed1ng theo tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1eadt s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 hai vai tr\u00f2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p (Dhammarakkhaka).
2. Vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p (Dhammad\u0101yadaka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Tam b\u1ea3o: h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, b\u1eadc k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. Do v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an vui cho ch\u00fang sanh thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Gi\u1eef v\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u00fang tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb mai m\u1ed9t, b\u1ecb sai l\u1ec7ch v\u0103n c\u00fa \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng T\u0103ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gian ngay khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00edp b\u00e0n. T\u0103ng ch\u00fang c\u00f2n l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.
2- H\u1eb1ng t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.
3- Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qua h\u00ecnh, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i.
4- X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec1n th\u00e1p, t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3nh trang nghi\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m th\u00ec \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0m vai tr\u00f2 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n s\u1eafp vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1eed s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u1edb b\u1eadn lo vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai; h\u00e3y tinh t\u1ea5n t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, h\u00e3y chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i, h\u00e3y s\u1ed1ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i. N\u00e0y \u0100nanda, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed S\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ef5, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, c\u00e1c hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed gia ch\u1ee7 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai” (D.II.141).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Gi\u1eef v\u1eefng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.
2- Si\u00eang n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111\u00fang ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, kh\u00f4ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.
3- Hoan h\u1ef7 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, sa di l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111a v\u0103n, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.
4- C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0u t\u01b0 trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p khi th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u bi suy tho\u00e1i, b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i.
5- T\u00f9y kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, in \u1ea5n s\u00e1ch kinh, m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101, vua Pasenadi, sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vua Asoka … ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ecd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m sao cho gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka (A D\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u01a1ng). V\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p cho th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e0ng l\u1ecdc ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 gi\u1ea3 danh g\u00e2y x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 vua c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, nh\u00e0 vua c\u0169ng t\u1eadn t\u00e2m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111i ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p m\u1edf mang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n bang …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- C\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u01a1i T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec l\u00fd do m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang.
2- Th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.
3- Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 uy t\u00edn v\u00e0 thanh danh cho T\u0103ng ch\u00fang.
4- Quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an nguy th\u1ecbnh suy c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed3ng vui c\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng.
5- \u0110\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi T\u0103ng ch\u00fang b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 nhu thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng J\u012bvakakom\u0101rabhacca, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101, vua Pasenadi … l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed9 T\u0103ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, v\u1eeba h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 thanh danh ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, v\u1eeba kh\u00e9o g\u00f3p \u00fd nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi sai tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vai tr\u00f2 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 (d\u0101yada) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba, th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng gia s\u1ea3n v.v… th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong kinh Trung B\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ta, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 t\u00e0i v\u1eadt – Dhamma-d\u0101y\u0101d\u0101 me bhikkhave bhavatha m\u0101 \u0101misad\u0101y\u0101d\u0101” — (M.I.12).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede vai tr\u00f2 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ba ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd
– Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p
– Duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i nh\u1eefng tinh hoa Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, \u01b0a th\u00edch t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. S\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con k\u1ebf th\u1eeba s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng cha, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u00f4ng cha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng v\u1eady, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia hay t\u1ea1i gia ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghe ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tham kh\u1ea3o kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a khi \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo, bao gi\u1edd h\u1ecd c\u0169ng hoan h\u1ef7 nghe ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ebft tha h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 vua Pasenadi, \u00f4ng An\u0101thapi\u1e47\u1e0dika, b\u00e0 Vis\u0101kh\u0101 v.v… C\u00f3 v\u1eady m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng theo ph\u00e1p, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 khi c\u00f3 n\u1ebfm qua m\u00f3n \u0103n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u00f3n \u0103n \u0111\u00f3. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf vai tr\u00f2 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh theo ba \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ea3n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c” (Sabbap\u0101passa akara\u1e47a\u1e43). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 s\u1ed1ng n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i chia r\u1ebd, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, n\u00f3i v\u00f4 \u00edch, tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh” (Kusalassa upasampad\u0101). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 thi\u1ebft tha l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tu ti\u1ebfn, cung k\u00ednh, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, th\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f9y h\u1ef7 ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Thanh l\u1ecdc n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m” (Sacittapariyodapana\u1e43). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 tinh t\u1ea5n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tham, s\u00e2n, si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 theo ba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p, ngo\u00e0i hai ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eefa c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang: t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni, c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. Trong t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang \u1ea5y, t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia; c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129. B\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u00ednh trong ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n; c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia ho\u1eb7c c\u01b0 s\u0129 cha m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng hoan h\u1ef7 cho con ch\u00e1u xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 T\u0103ng ch\u00fang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ef3 kheo ni c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i l\u00e0m ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1edfi th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi, khi \u0111\u1ee9c vua Asoka (A D\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u01a1ng) tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 ra s\u1ee9c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t 84.000 ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9c vua b\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi ch\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng: S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m ch\u01b0a?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Moggalliputtatissa thay m\u1eb7t ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00f9 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed n\u00e0y th\u00f4i”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka l\u1eafng nghe tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Moggalli-puttatissa tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, l\u00f2ng tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp ph\u1ec9 l\u1ea1c. Vua \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129, n\u1ebfu ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (D\u0101y\u0101do s\u0101sanassa) ch\u0103ng? Ngh\u0129 v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c vua b\u00e8n b\u1ea1ch h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“K\u00ednh b\u1ea1ch T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3, tr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1eady tr\u1eabm c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u0103ng?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng (paccayad\u0101yaka), ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (s\u0101sanad\u0101yada).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha m\u1eb9 n\u00e0o hoan h\u1ef7 cho ph\u00e9p con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xu\u1ea5t gia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef3 kheo trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha m\u1eb9 \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c vua Asoka nghe v\u1eady kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn b\u00e8n cho ph\u00e9p hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi con l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mahinda v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Sa\u1e45ghamitt\u0101 xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m t\u1ef3 kheo v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo ni trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Sau khi xu\u1ea5t gia, c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A la h\u00e1n, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Mahinda \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 T\u00edch Lan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00ec duy tr\u00ec Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu con em c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u00edch l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 cho ph\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ee8T CH\u01af\u01a0NG I<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato samm\u0101sam-buddhassa.K\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, \u01afng C\u00fang, Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri CH\u01af\u01a0NG I C\u01af S\u0128 TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O I.1. T\u1ee8 CH\u00daNG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O Trong Ph\u1eadt\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13785,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-13784","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-buoc-dau-tu-phat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13784","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13784"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13784\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13787,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13784\/revisions\/13787"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13784"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13784"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13784"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=13784"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}