{"id":14118,"date":"2021-09-18T01:04:54","date_gmt":"2021-09-17T18:04:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=14118"},"modified":"2021-09-18T01:11:50","modified_gmt":"2021-09-17T18:11:50","slug":"toi-hoc-tang-vi-dieu-phap-abhidhamma-cu-si-pho-tan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2021\/09\/18\/toi-hoc-tang-vi-dieu-phap-abhidhamma-cu-si-pho-tan\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00d4I H\u1eccC T\u1ea0NG VI DI\u1ec6U PH\u00c1P (Abhidhamma) – C\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1ed5 T\u1ea5n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00d4I H\u1eccC T\u1ea0NG VI DI\u1ec6U PH\u00c1P (Abhidhamma)<\/strong>
Ph\u1ed5 T\u1ea5n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

1.      D\u1eabn Nh\u1eadp:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

 Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb5ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c sau 49 ng\u00e0y thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m n\u00ean im l\u1eb7ng su\u1ed1t 21 ng\u00e0y. Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng cho Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ma qu\u1ef7 s\u1ed1ng trong hang \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0. Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m \u1ea5n n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c v\u00ec Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n u\u1ea9n s\u1eafc n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng cho m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u L\u1ee3i n\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi. T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y.Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 sau n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo l\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i Ananda n\u00f3i ra trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u00eau Ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ph\u00e2n chia \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00fac n\u00e0y kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ba t\u1ea1ng: T\u1ea1ng kinh, T\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadn (Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn). Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn b\u1ed9 Kath\u0101vatthu c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean T\u1eed (Moggaliputta-Tissa- thera) tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c trong k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1eadt, t\u00ean b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung th\u00ec ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean T\u1eed d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean 500 c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecdc t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p ch\u00fang ta tin ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi si\u00eau ph\u00e0m (tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c). Cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 gi\u00fap \u00edch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tu t\u1eadp c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb tham s\u00e2n si hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn. So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n th\u00ec Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 121 t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong khi duy th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 52 t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u1ee7a Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb Tham s\u00e2n si v\u1edbi Th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 Ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp t\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec? Danh t\u1eeb Abhidhamma c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao si\u00eau, vi di\u1ec7u. G\u1ed3m  c\u00f3 hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n : Abhi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, s\u00e2u xa; Dhamma l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Do \u0111\u00f3 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tinh hoa c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n  h\u01a1n Kinh t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf (paramattha) nh\u01b0: u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ebf. . .Do \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n chia Kinh t\u1ea1ng, Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, n\u1ebfu trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng 5 u\u1ea9n th\u00ec ai s\u1ebd ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u1ed9i dung Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh: T\u00e2m, T\u00e2m s\u1edf, S\u1eafc Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ho\u1eb7c nguy\u00ean l\u00fd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, nh\u1eefng duy\u00ean t\u1ea1o h\u1ee3p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sanh di\u1ec7t t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na c\u1ee7a l\u1ed9 s\u1eafc. Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebb v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi sanh di\u1ec7t, t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng  gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n th\u1ebf s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n theo d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 mau  tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n- v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham s\u00e2n si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.      L\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

 Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng chi\u1ebfm m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian. H\u1ecdc t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 di\u1ec7t Tham s\u00e2n si r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba di\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c. V\u00ec T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft m\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5ng quan c\u1ee7a Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o T\u00e2m c\u00f2n Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a. Nh\u01b0ng duy th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f2n Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 T\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n chia r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

3.      T\u00f4i h\u1ecdc Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecdc Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed1t l\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         V\u1ec1 7 B\u1ed9 Lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1-\u00a0\u00a0B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p t\u1ee5 (Dhammasangin\u012b):\u00a0\u00a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p. B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t cao si\u00eau v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u. B\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o t\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf T\u00edch Lan r\u1ea5t th\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y chia l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. T\u00e2m (Citta)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. S\u1eafc (R\u016bpa),<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c. T\u00f3m L\u01b0\u1ee3c (Nikkhepa),<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d. Bi\u1ec7n Minh (Atthuddh\u0101ra).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch 22 Tika M\u0101tik\u0101s (M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ec1 Tam) v\u00e0 100 Duka M\u0101tik\u0101s (M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ec1 Nh\u1ecb) bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n tinh t\u00fay c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ba c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean — Thi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p (Kusal\u0101 Dhamma), B\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p (Akusal\u0101 Dhamma) v\u00e0 V\u00f4 K\u00fd? (Aby\u0101kat\u0101 Dhamm\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi bh\u0101nav\u0101ras (), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u01a1n 104,000 ch\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00a02-\u00a0\u00a0B\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (Vibanga):\u00a0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\u00a0N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 ba ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, hai b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ba b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y chia l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m (18) m\u1ee5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u, quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Khandha (U\u1ea9n), \u0100yatana (X\u1ee9) v\u00e0 Dh\u0101tu (Gi\u1edbi). C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Sacca (\u0111\u1ebf),  Indriya (C\u0103n, quy\u1ec1n). y\u0101k\u0101ra (duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi), Satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na (Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9), Sammappadh\u0101na (T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n), Iddhip\u0101da (T\u1ee9 Th\u1ea7n T\u00fac), Bojjha\u00f1ga (Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi), Jh\u0101na (Thi\u1ec1n), Appamadd\u0101 (V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng), Magga (\u0111\u1ea1o), Sikkh\u0101pada (Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt), patisambhida (V\u00f4 Ng\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3i), Panna (Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7) v.v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebft m\u1ee5c n\u1ea7y g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n: gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo Kinh (Suttanta), gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p (Abhidhamma) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng  (Pa\u00f1hapucchaka).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y g\u1ed3m ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m bh\u0101nav\u0101ras v\u00e0 280,000 ch\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- B\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t ng\u1eef(Dh\u0101tukatha):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed9i dung g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 14 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf, b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n, n\u0103m l\u1ef1c, Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi, B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y : c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m hay kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong c\u00e1c x\u1ee9, c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ecdp hay kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n (khandha), c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c quan (\u0101yatana) v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y g\u1ed3m m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n s\u00e1u bh\u0101nav\u0101ras, (48,000 ch\u1eef).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- B\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh (puggalapannatti):<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 T\u0103ng T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh (Anguttara Nik\u0101ya) c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng Kinh. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau, s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 t\u00e1nh \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m hai c\u00e1 t\u00e1nh, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ba, c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 ba c\u00e1 t\u00e1nh v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y h\u01a1n n\u0103m bh\u0101nav\u0101ras (40.000 ch\u1eef)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5-\u00a0\u00a0B\u1ed9 Ng\u1eef t\u00f4ng hay lu\u1eadn s\u1ef1 (kath\u0101vatthu): <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 ng\u1eef t\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n do ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta tissa bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng 500 c\u00e2u Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi. B\u1ed9 ng\u1eef t\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m 23 ph\u1ea7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00eau l\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 216 \u0111i\u1ec3m tranh lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 chia l\u00e0m 23 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp Atthas\u0101lini ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 1000 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: n\u0103m tr\u0103m c\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh th\u1ed1ng, n\u0103m tr\u0103m c\u00e2u l\u00e0 phi ch\u00e1nh th\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6-\u00a0\u00a0B\u1ed9 song \u0111\u1ed1i (yamaka)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

: G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn hai chi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch n\u1ea7y, su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i, (m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e1n v\u1ecb). Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn “C\u0103n”, hay c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 sau: “C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng?”<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y chia l\u00e0m m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0: M\u016bla (C\u0103n, hay c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5), Khandha (U\u1ea9n), \u0100yatana (X\u1ee9, hay th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c quan, l\u1ee5c c\u0103n), Dh\u0101tu (Gi\u1edbi, ), Sacca (\u0111\u1ebf), Sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra ( ph\u00e1p H\u1eefu Vi), Anusaya (Ti\u1ec1m Th\u00f9y, t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m trong lu\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh), Citta (T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng), Dhamma (Ph\u00e1p), v\u00e0 Indriya ( C\u0103n hay Quy\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m 120 bh\u0101nav\u0101ras (960.000 ch\u1eef)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7-\u00a0\u00a0B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 (patth\u0101na): <\/h4>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ed9i dung t\u1eadp n\u00e0y chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o l\u00fd duy\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p qua 24 duy\u00ean h\u1ec7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb r\u1ea5t cao, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng ng\u00e0i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed h\u00e0o quang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1ecfa kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c tr\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef\u00a0\u00a0dung ch\u1ee9a kho\u1ea3ng 7 cu\u1ed1n, d\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 350 trang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c tr\u00ed n\u0103ng tham cao v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 minh s\u00e1t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1i lu\u1eadn v\u1eeba s\u00e2u xa v\u1eeba r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ph\u00e1p g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 T\u1ee5c \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t chi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u (ch\u01a1n: s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ebf: s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt) ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3<\/strong> c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00e2m (Citta): th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m (Cetasika): th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p (R\u016bpa): th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00f4 tri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Nib\u0101na): b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbch, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 sinh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Danh S\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m v\u00e0 S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Danh (N\u0101ma); \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p (R\u016bpa) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 S\u1eafc. Danh v\u00e0 S\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n do duy\u00ean t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi (Sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra). Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi (Asa\u1e45kh\u0101ra).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea9n, ch\u1ea5p “ng\u00f3n tay l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng”; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, v\u00ec h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n minh s\u00e1t l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tinh t\u00fay c\u1ee7a Abhidhamma l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p hay ph\u00e1p ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft “Abhidhamma sabh\u0101vo gambhiro = Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1p”. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eedng ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00c2M (Citta)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, T\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh; c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m. Gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft “Cintana\u1e43atta\u1e43 Citta\u1e43 = nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m”. “\u0100rammana\u1e43 Cinteti Citta\u1e43 = bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb T\u00e2m (Citta), \u00dd (Mana), Th\u1ee9c (Vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ed7 d\u00f9ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 12 X\u1ee9 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 T\u00e2m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00fd (\u00dd X\u1ee9), \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c (Th\u1ee9c U\u1ea9n) …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atthakath\u0101 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng) c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh (\u0100rammana\u1e43 Vij\u0101ranakkhana\u1e43).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ea9n s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m (Pubba\u1e43gamarasa\u1e43).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, n\u1ed1i nhau sanh di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n (Sandhanapaccupa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na\u1e43).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m l\u00e0 S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u00e0 S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p (N\u0101ma R\u016bpa pada\u1e6d\u1e6dhana\u1e43).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n sanh t\u00e2m<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (At\u012btakamma) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1ea1o ra qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, khi ch\u1ebft ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 d\u1ea9n \u0111i t\u1ee5c sinh v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfp \u00e1c th\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m (Cetasika) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ed3ng sanh, \u0111\u1ed3ng di\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ed3ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m. Khi nh\u00ecn l\u00ean b\u1ea3ng, ta bi\u1ebft ngay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng, th\u00ec t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu T\u01b0\u1edfng (nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i) hay ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh (s\u1edf h\u1eefu T\u1ea7m) ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ee5 t\u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u1ea3nh (s\u1edf h\u1eefu \u0110\u1ecbnh) …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 phim kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng … th\u00ec phim m\u1edbi ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sanh t\u00e2m hay y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sanh t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. C\u1ea3nh (\u0100rammana\u1e43) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec b\u1ecb t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh. Do \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. V\u1eadt (Vatthu) l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng S\u1eafc Th\u1ea7n Kinh (Pas\u0101dar\u016bpa), ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, tai l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c …. Do \u0111\u00f3, g\u1ecdi v\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sanh t\u00e2m. Theo Abhidhamma c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 89 t\u00e2m (hay 121 t\u00e2m n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo chi thi\u1ec1n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00f9y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* N\u1ebfu chia theo l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c (Vacara)<\/strong> th\u00ec t\u00e2m c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00e2m D\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi (K\u0101ma vacaracitta): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1eaft c\u1ea3nh d\u1ee5c (S\u1eafc, Thinh, Kh\u00ed, V\u1ecb, X\u00fac). Thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c D\u1ee5c Gi\u1edbi g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 54 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u00e2m S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi (R\u016bpa vacaracitta): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n, l\u1ea5y s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tu thi\u1ec1n. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 15 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. T\u00e2m V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi (Ar\u016bpa vacaracitta): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tu thi\u1ec1n. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 12 t\u00e2m<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. T\u00e2m Si\u00eau Th\u1ebf (Lokuttaracitta): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u00e1t ly th\u1ebf gian, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian. C\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 8 t\u00e2m (hay 40 t\u00e2m n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh theo 5 chi thi\u1ec1n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m theo c\u1ea3nh<\/strong> th\u00ec t\u00e2m g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 6 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00e2m Nh\u00e3n Th\u1ee9c (Cakkhuvi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u00e3n v\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh. G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 2 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u00e2m Nh\u0129 Th\u1ee9c (Sotavi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u0129 v\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh thinh. C\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 2 t\u00e2m nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. T\u00e2m T\u1ef7 Th\u1ee9c (Gh\u0101navi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef7 v\u1eadt, bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh kh\u00ed (c\u00e1c m\u00f9i). G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 2 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec7t Th\u1ee9c (Jivh\u0101vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7t v\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u1ecb (c\u00e1c v\u1ecb cay, chua, m\u1eb7n,…). G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 2 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. T\u00e2m Th\u00e2n Th\u1ee9c (K\u0101yavi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n v\u1eadt, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh x\u00fac (s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m, n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh, …). G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 2 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. T\u00e2m \u00dd Th\u1ee9c (Mana vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a): l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1eaft c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m. C\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 111 t\u00e2m (tr\u1eeb ng\u0169 song th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         T\u00e2m B\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7n:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         H\u00e0nh s\u1eed: Th\u00e2n Kh\u1ea9u \u00dd<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         T\u00c2M V\u00d4 NH\u00c2N<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

(Ahetuka Citta)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ahetukacitta\u1e43 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u00e1c x\u1ea5u (b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n) hay t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p (t\u1ecbnh h\u1ea3o). Nh\u00e2n (Hetu) c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Nh\u00e2n sanh (Uppattahetu): l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sanh ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m, s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) Nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng (Samyuttahetu): l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i r\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 s\u00e1u nh\u00e2n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tham: s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e2n: s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Si: s\u1ef1 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, u \u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00f4 Tham: s\u1ef1 x\u00e3 ly, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00f4 S\u00e2n: s\u1ef1 m\u00e1t m\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00f4 Si: s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea m\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p (th\u1eadt ra nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi khi sinh kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         Qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7n V\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n                                                                  Qu\u1ea3 Thi\u1ec7n V\u00f4 Nh\u00e2n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         T\u00c2M S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

R\u016bpavacaracitta<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c s\u1eafc (s\u1eafc t\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eang n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ea3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi). Theo s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i, s\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00ec 3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00ec t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 tu thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n (Kammatth\u0101na = tu thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n tu thi\u1ec1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1ebf ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec7n S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi g\u1ed3m 5 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n Thi\u1ec7n S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi: l\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 5 chi thi\u1ec1n: T\u1ea7m, T\u1ee9, H\u1ef7, L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh. T\u00e2m s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u do tu m\u1ed9t trong 25 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m (T\u1eeb, Bi, H\u1ef7).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n Thi\u1ec7n Nh\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi: l\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 4 chi thi\u1ec1n: T\u1ee9, H\u1ef7, L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh. T\u00e2m nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t trong 14 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

03 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n Thi\u1ec7n Tam Thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi: l\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m 3 chi thi\u1ec1n: H\u1ef7, L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc tam thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n Thi\u1ec7n T\u1ee9 Thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi: l\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai chi thi\u1ec1n: L\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5) T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n Thi\u1ec7n Ng\u0169 Thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi: l\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 2 chi thi\u1ec1n: X\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh (v\u00ec t\u00e2m ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh vi t\u1ebf n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chi l\u1ea1c th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n n\u1eeda m\u00e0 thay v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng th\u1ecd x\u00e3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng tinh t\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00e2m ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c T\u1eeb, Bi, H\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m X\u00e3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00e2m ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1edbi 12 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

01 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c X\u00e3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n Thi\u1ec7n S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u1ea3 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec1n Duy T\u00e1c S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         T\u00c2M V\u00d4 S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI (<\/strong>Ar\u016bpavacaracitta)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, v\u00ec t\u00e2m n\u00e0y v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m v\u00f4 s\u1eafc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m v\u00f4 s\u1eafc n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 chi thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 khi t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc th\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh chung v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. T\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i: t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00e2m duy t\u00e1c v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 4 lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.1) T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec7n Kh\u00f4ng V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2) T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ee9c V\u00f4 Bi\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc khi tu thi\u1ec1n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c “th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean” l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.3) T\u00e2m Thi\u1ec7n V\u00f4 S\u1edf H\u1eefu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n tu v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c “V\u00f4 S\u1edf H\u1eefu” l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.4) T\u00e2m Phi T\u01b0\u1edfng Phi Phi T\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu ch\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c “ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

I. T\u00e2m Qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u do t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u1ee5c sinh, h\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfp v\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 4 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m Qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 S\u1eafc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

III. T\u00e2m Duy T\u00e1c V\u00f4 S\u1eafc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu luy\u1ec7n b\u1edfi b\u1eadc t\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m n\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01a1i v\u1ecb A-La-H\u00e1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-La-H\u00e1n luy\u1ec7n thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u00ec d\u00f9ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7t (Nirodha Jh\u0101na) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec do v\u00f4 minh, tham \u00e1i, … T\u00e2m duy t\u00e1c v\u00f4 s\u1eafc c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m 4 t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m Duy T\u00e1c V\u00f4 S\u1eafc<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         T\u00c2M SI\u00caU TH\u1ebe (<\/strong>Lokuttaracitta)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i si\u00eau th\u1ebf v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian; kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sanh di\u1ec7t, tho\u00e1t ly tam gi\u1edbi. V\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gian \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng sanh di\u1ec7t ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu sanh t\u1ed3n ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gian<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1.2 C\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n: \u1ede thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gom t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, s\u1ef1 gom t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m” nh\u01b0 \u1edf thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 “t\u1ea5n t\u00e2m t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n” (Anuvipassi), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n theo d\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t sanh c\u1ee7a Danh S\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i ni\u1ec7m “gom t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m”, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eef t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n kh\u1eafn kh\u00edt v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, c\u00f2n l\u1ed1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u015b\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa ghi nh\u1eadn ” theo d\u1ecfi ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t “c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn” \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n (Satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na):<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, ch\u1eef Kamma\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na (\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng chung cho c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea9n thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u00f2n ri\u00eang ch\u1eef Satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na (ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9) (Sati = ni\u1ec7m; Pa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na = v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, ch\u1ed7. D\u1ecbch chung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng suy ni\u1ec7m, ghi nh\u1eadn) ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. C\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9?. – T\u1ee9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n c\u00f2n ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m quan s\u00e1t, theo d\u1ecfi, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, ghi nh\u1edb, bi\u1ebft. V\u1eady T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t. B\u1ed1n n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

i) Th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (K\u0101y\u0101nupassan\u0101)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n hay H\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa. Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n (R\u016bpakhandha).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a)      Ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf (\u0100nap\u0101nasati): h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, an tr\u00fa trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, trong \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c h\u01a1i th\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b)      Ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i oai nghi: \u0110\u1ea1i oai nghi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u1ed3i, n\u1eb1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c)      Ni\u1ec7m ti\u1ec3u oai nghi: Ti\u1ec3u oai nghi hay oai nghi ph\u1ee5 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ph\u1ee5 ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 tay d\u1edf l\u00ean, c\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3i, m\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u, …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d)      Ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c (c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh) (Asucino) H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh t\u00f3c \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e)      Ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i (Vavatth\u0101na): T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i, Th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i, H\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Phong \u0111\u1ea1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n

f)       Ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1eed thi (\u0100subha): T\u1eed thi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

g)      Ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t (A\u1e6d\u1e6dhik\u0101ni): T\u1eed thi sau m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tr\u1edf l\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0i c\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ii) Th\u1ecd qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (Vedan\u0101nupassan\u0101)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m; l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m khi h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, \u01b0u, h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 x\u00e3. Khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m sinh kh\u1edfi, \u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng sinh, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft th\u1ecd sinh kh\u1edfi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 theo d\u1ecfi, suy ni\u1ec7m, ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1edfi l\u00ean. T\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma, b\u1ed9 Vibha\u1e45ga c\u00f3 ghi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u01b0u, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u00e3, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c phi kh\u1ed5 phi l\u1ea1c (x\u00e3) thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c phi kh\u1ed5 phi l\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iii) T\u00e2m qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (Citt\u0101nupassan\u0101)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh qua 6 c\u0103n: t\u00e2m nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c (s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc), t\u00e2m nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c (s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh thinh), t\u00e2m t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c (s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh kh\u00ed), t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c (s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u1ecb), t\u00e2m th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c (s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh x\u00fac), t\u00e2m \u00fd th\u1ee9c (s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft 6 c\u1ea3nh). H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t, ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 sanh di\u1ec7t, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n (Vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47amkhandha). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u1eaft bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi tai bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh thinh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi m\u0169i bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh kh\u00ed, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi l\u01b0\u1ee1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u1ecb, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi th\u00e2n bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh x\u00fac, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u00fd bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. (\u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh ng\u0169, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t). \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 tham, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m v\u00f4 tham, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u00e2n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 si, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m v\u00f4 si, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i (t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n), v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

iv. Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 (Dhamm\u0101nupassan\u0101)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Danh S\u1eafc tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n (vi t\u1ebf v\u00e0 chi ti\u1ebft). Ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u01a1n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n (Sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101khandha) v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n (Sa\u00f1kh\u0101rakhandha). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a) Quan s\u00e1t n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i (Nivarana)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p ng\u0103n che c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m trong v\u00f2ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. C\u00f3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i: tham d\u1ee5c c\u00e1i, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn c\u00e1i, h\u00f4n th\u1ee5y c\u00e1i, tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i (Ph\u00f3ng D\u1eadt) c\u00e1i v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi c\u00e1i. V\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n sanh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 tham d\u1ee5c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham d\u1ee5c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi tham d\u1ee5c ch\u01b0a sinh kh\u1edfi, nay sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi tham d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng sinh kh\u1edfi, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi tham d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi s\u00e2n h\u1eadn ch\u01b0a sinh kh\u1edfi, nay sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng sinh kh\u1edfi, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi s\u00e2n h\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 h\u00f4n th\u1ee5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00f4n th\u1ee5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi h\u00f4n th\u1ee5y ch\u01b0a sinh kh\u1edfi, nay sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi h\u00f4n th\u1ee5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng sinh kh\u1edfi, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi h\u00f4n th\u1ee5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i ch\u01b0a sinh kh\u1edfi, nay sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng sinh kh\u1edfi, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi ho\u00e0i nghi ch\u01b0a sinh kh\u1edfi, nay sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng sinh kh\u1edfi, nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(b) Quan s\u00e1t n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n (Up\u0101d\u0101nakkhando)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

U\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i, nh\u00f3m, t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp. N\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n. Khi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (b\u00e1m v\u00edu) u\u1ea9n n\u00e0o, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, khi s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n sanh hay di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, khi th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n sanh hay di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, khi t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n sanh hay di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, khi h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n sanh hay di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n, khi th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n sanh hay di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i ph\u00e1p”. Qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p”. Qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p “. Qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p “. Qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p “.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(c) Quan s\u00e1t m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9 (\u0100yatana)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i, ch\u1ed7, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed. C\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 12 x\u1ee9 chia l\u00e0m 2 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9: M\u1eaft, v\u1eadt tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u00e0u s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u0129 x\u1ee9: Tai, v\u1eadt nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ef7 x\u1ee9: M\u0169i, v\u1eadt ng\u1eefi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c m\u00f9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9: L\u01b0\u1ee1i, v\u1eadt n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00e2n x\u1ee9: Th\u00e2n, v\u1eadt c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd x\u1ee9: T\u00e2m, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua n\u0103m x\u1ee9 k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6 ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eafc x\u1ee9: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thinh x\u1ee9: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh thinh, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00ed x\u1ee9: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh kh\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u0169i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb x\u1ee9: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00fac x\u1ee9: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh x\u00fac (\u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3), \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9: c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c: c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, …).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(d) Quan s\u00e1t th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi (Bojjha\u1e45ga)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 cho t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eafc ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3. T\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma, b\u1ed9 Vibha\u1e45ga gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1edb, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng nh\u1edb, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea9n l\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea9m gi\u00e1c chi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u00f4 si, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, gi\u00e1c minh, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt (thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7n gi\u00e1c chi (tinh t\u1ea5n gi\u00e1c chi) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng lui s\u1ee5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ef7 gi\u00e1c chi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 no vui, no l\u00f2ng, ph\u1ec9 l\u1ea1c, ph\u00e1p h\u1ef7, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 hoan h\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1c chi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, c\u00e1ch y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c (s\u1ef1 an t\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 danh u\u1ea9n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1c chi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ee9t h\u00e0nh, an ch\u1ec9, \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (\u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u00e3 gi\u00e1c chi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf, c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 ly, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, trung t\u00e1nh, b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1m nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. Khi n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. V\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01b0a sanh kh\u1edfi, nay sanh kh\u1edfi, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5. V\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c chi \u0111\u00e3 sanh kh\u1edfi nay tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh, vi \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(e) Quan s\u00e1t t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf (Ariyasacca)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) Kh\u1ed5 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf (Dukkh\u0101riyasacca)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m, b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n. Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 cho sinh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) T\u1eadp Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf (Samuday\u0101riyasacca)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eadp di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh ra s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– D\u1ee5c \u00e1i: l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa trong c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e2n, trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, t\u1ee9c m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd, c\u00e1c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1c \u00e2m thanh (thinh s\u1eafc), c\u00e1c m\u00f9i th\u01a1m (kh\u00ed s\u1eafc), c\u00e1c v\u1ecb (kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb), c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p sinh kh\u1edfi trong t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1eefu \u00e1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t, mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi sau (th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i l\u00e0 tham \u00e1i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t (s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i theo \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Di\u1ec7t Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf (Nirodha – Ariyasacca)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma, b\u1ed9 Vibha\u1e45ga c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i: “Di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u00e1c tham \u00e1i l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ee9c: nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi X\u00fac: nh\u00e3n x\u00fac, nh\u0129 x\u00fac, t\u1ef7 x\u00fac, thi\u1ec7t x\u00fac, th\u00e2n x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd x\u00fac l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Th\u1ecd: nh\u00e3n th\u1ecd, nh\u0129 th\u1ecd, t\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ecd, th\u00e2n th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ecd l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u1edfng: s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edfng, thinh t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edfng, x\u00fac t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u01b0: s\u1eafc t\u01b0, thinh t\u01b0, kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1ecb t\u01b0, x\u00fac t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0 l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf (t\u01b0 duy).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00c1i: s\u1eafc \u00e1i, thinh \u00e1i, kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1ecb \u00e1i, x\u00fac \u00e1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u00e1i l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ea7m: s\u1eafc t\u1ea7m, thinh t\u1ea7m, kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1ecb t\u1ea7m, x\u00fac t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea7m l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ho\u1eb7c di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 tham \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1ee9: s\u1eafc t\u1ee9, thinh t\u1ee9, kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u1ee1ng, v\u1ecb t\u1ee9, x\u00fac t\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9 l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eadp di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf ch\u1ed7 tham \u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 tham \u00e1i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u “Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1, Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n l\u00e0 sinh t\u1eed”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) \u0110\u1ea1o Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf (Magg\u0101riyasacca)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma, b\u1ed9 Vibha\u1e45ga c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i: “b\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 t\u00e1m chi: ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n (ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n), ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n sinh kh\u1ed5, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 xa l\u00eca tham d\u1ee5c, s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 xa l\u00eca s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 xa l\u00eca gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i hung d\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nu\u00f4i th\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sinh kh\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng cho sinh kh\u1edfi, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng cho t\u00e1i ph\u00e1t. Tu th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 cho c\u00f3 v\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 th\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 th\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ecd, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00e2m tr\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 tham s\u00e2n sinh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u1eafnh l\u1eb7ng, xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n: c\u00f3 T\u1ea7m, T\u1ee9, H\u1ef7 v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c do nh\u1edd ly D\u1ee5c sinh. Ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n: c\u00f3 H\u1ef7 v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c do nh\u1edd \u0110\u1ecbnh sinh. Ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa tam thi\u1ec1n: c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c do nh\u1edd X\u00e3 ni\u1ec7m sinh. Ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n: c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 an t\u1ecbnh do nh\u1edd phi kh\u1ed5 phi l\u1ea1c sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00b7         T\u00c2M SI\u00caU TH\u1ebe<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. T\u00e2m Qu\u1ea3 Si\u00eau Th\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u do t\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea1o Si\u00eau Th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00ean ngay khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1eeba di\u1ec7t, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m s\u00e1t na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o (khi nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y sinh l\u00ean, th\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn). T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 Si\u00eau th\u1ebf c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 4 t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1) T\u00e2m S\u01a1 Qu\u1ea3 (Sot\u0101pattiphalacitta\u1e43)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m S\u01a1 Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ekabija: Nh\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1eddn sanh nh\u01a1n, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb s\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-La-H\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kolamhola: \u0110a l\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u01a1n, l\u00e0 v\u1ecb s\u01a1 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee5c sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb hai \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u ki\u1ebfp, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-La-H\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sattakkhata\u1e43: \u0110a th\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1eddn nh\u01a1n, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec3 l\u1eafm th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-La-H\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) T\u00e2m Nh\u1ecb Qu\u1ea3 (Sokad\u0101g\u0101miphalacitta\u1e43)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m Nh\u1ecb Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m n\u0103m b\u1ef1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Sau khi \u0111\u1eafc Nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc lu\u00f4n T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n t\u1ea1i c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1eafc Nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc lu\u00f4n T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9ng Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n t\u1ea1i c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc Nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n ngay trong c\u00f5i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, sanh xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n trong c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc Nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, sanh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, tu ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ea1t ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n trong c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) T\u00e2m Tam Qu\u1ea3 (\u0100nag\u0101miphalacitta\u1e43)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m Tam qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Trung ban b\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1eddn: h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 sau khi ch\u1ee9ng Tam qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i Ng\u0169 T\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 Thi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-La-H\u00e1n trong n\u1eeda tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f5i Ng\u0169 T\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 Thi\u00ean g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 n\u0103m c\u00f5i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trong l\u00fac tu t\u1eadp t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd th\u1ecd sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00edn c\u0103n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i V\u00f4 Phi\u1ec1n Thi\u00ean (Avih\u0101) tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 1000 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5n c\u0103n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i V\u00f4 Nhi\u1ec7t Thi\u00ean (Atapp\u0101) tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 2000 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ni\u1ec7m c\u0103n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn Thi\u00ean (Sudass\u012b) tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 4000 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ecbnh c\u0103n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i Thi\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean (Sudass\u0101) tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 8000 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hu\u1ec7 c\u0103n m\u1ea1nh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i S\u1eafc C\u1ee9u K\u00ednh Thi\u00ean (Akani\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101) tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 16000 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Sanh ban b\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1eddn: v\u1ecb Tam qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 Trung ban b\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1eddn, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 A-La-H\u00e1n t\u1eeb n\u1eefa tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u00f4 h\u00e0nh ban b\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1eddn: v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u0169 c\u0103n l\u00e0nh, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-La-H\u00e1n d\u1ec3 d\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ea5n l\u1eafm (Asa\u00f1kh\u0101raparinibb\u0101yi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– H\u1eefu h\u00e0nh ban b\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1eddn: v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0103n l\u00e0nh c\u00f2n y\u1ebfu n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i tinh t\u1ea5n l\u1eafm m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc A-La-H\u00e1n (Sasa\u00f1kh\u0101raparinibb\u0101yi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u ban b\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1eddn: v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0103n l\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 y\u1ebfu, ph\u1ea3i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i Ng\u0169 T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ee9t, s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd r\u1ed3i sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i Ng\u0169 t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 cao h\u01a1n, c\u1ee9 tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi s\u1ed1ng h\u1ebft 5 c\u00f5i Ng\u0169 t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-La-H\u00e1n, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) T\u00e2m T\u1ee9 Qu\u1ea3 (Arahattaphalacitta\u1e43)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c: l\u00e0 b\u1eadc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, c\u00f3 nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed do tu \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 30 \u0111\u1ed9 P\u0101r\u0101mi. Sau khi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf cho ch\u00fang sanh hi\u1ec3u, c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c: l\u00e0 b\u1eadc t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 do th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 20 \u0111\u1ed9 Ba la m\u1eadt. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 Thinh V\u0103n Gi\u00e1c: l\u00e0 b\u1eadc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 nh\u1edd nghe v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp theo s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 10 \u0111\u1ed9 Ba la m\u1eadt. Sau khi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ghi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng trong c\u00e1c t\u00e2m Hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf th\u00ec S\u1edf H\u1eefu t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu T\u01b0, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng sanh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e2m Si\u00eau th\u1ebf th\u00ec S\u1edf H\u1eefu Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n n\u1ebfu tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o trong n\u0103m b\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc tam thi\u1ec1n, khi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n, \u0111\u1eafc s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o \u1ea5y l\u00e0 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea1o tam thi\u1ec1n, t\u00e2m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 T\u1ea7m, T\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc b\u1eadc thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f9 t\u00e2m Si\u00eau th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n theo 5 b\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 do t\u00ednh theo chi thi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4.      K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong>: T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb Tham S\u00e2n Si di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed. Mang T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf 12 Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a danh t\u1eeb h\u00e1n vi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u1edb v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, nhi\u00eau kh\u00ea ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n thu\u1edf m\u1edbi ra c\u1ee7a T\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadn Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 121 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1edbi danh t\u1eeb hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m trong khi Duy th\u1ee9c lu\u1eadn th\u00ec ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u1ec1 Th\u1ee9c. Ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 5 l\u00e0 X\u00e3, r\u1ed3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn 4 b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec1n k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u1edf T\u00e2m V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi. Khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua 9 b\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i hai l\u1ea7n m\u1edbi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 cho c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau n\u1ea7y th\u00ec Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y th\u00eam v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 4 b\u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, V\u00f4 h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9.Thi\u1ec1n theo Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu g\u1ea7n 40 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 21 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m. Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng T\u00e2m v\u00e0o T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u1ecfi Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y. Sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m Si\u00eau Th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0a k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh A La H\u00e1n v\u1edbi T\u00e2m T\u1ee9 Qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t khoa h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay m\u00f4n T\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y Freud ch\u1ebb t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft c\u0103n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00dd th\u1ee9c, Ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng 121 T\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u00e0 52 S\u1edf h\u1eefu T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec khoa Ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00e2m l\u00fd cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec3u t\u00ecnh x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n Capitol \u1edf M\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u00e2u xa. Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng cho m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u L\u1ee3i n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau ki\u1ebfp th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec? Chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y n\u00f3i ra \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch vi di\u1ec7u n\u00ean tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. H\u1ecdc Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb ng\u1eef v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c d\u1ee5ng. C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m m\u00e0 kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb hay tu t\u1eadp chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2m v\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1c nhau r\u1ed3i. D\u00f9ng thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 r\u1ed3i \u0111i l\u00ean thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u1ea7n T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. V\u00ec gi\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u L\u1ee3i n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 T\u00e2m Si\u00eau Th\u1ebf. Ch\u00fang ta r\u00fat ng\u1eafn b\u00e0i T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb T\u00e2m S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 V\u00f4 S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi T\u00e2m Si\u00eau Th\u1ebf. \u00c1p \u0111\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n 9 b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Khi thi\u1ec1n T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef \u201cv\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5\u201d l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u d\u00e0i chi ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebb ra t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t\u201dbi\u1ebft r\u00f5\u201d ngay c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n h\u01a1i th\u1edf r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nam M\u00f4 Th\u00edch Ca m\u00e2u Ni Ph\u1eadt!!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y tham kh\u1ea3o copy to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 Kheo Gi\u00e1c Ch\u00e1nh b\u00ean Paris c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kinh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng M\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a Bhikku Sujato T\u1ef3 Kheo ng\u01b0\u1eddi Australia \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ajahn Chah, trong Sutta central (Suttacentral.net)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***Tu Vi\u1ec7n Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Youtube Channel<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00d4I H\u1eccC T\u1ea0NG VI DI\u1ec6U PH\u00c1P (Abhidhamma)Ph\u1ed5 T\u1ea5n 1.      D\u1eabn Nh\u1eadp:  Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean khi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb5ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c sau\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":14119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[111],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-14118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vi-dieu-phap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=14118"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":14147,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/14118\/revisions\/14147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/14119"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=14118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=14118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=14118"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=14118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}