{"id":1445,"date":"2020-09-04T11:05:12","date_gmt":"2020-09-04T11:05:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1445"},"modified":"2020-09-04T11:05:25","modified_gmt":"2020-09-04T11:05:25","slug":"1445","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/04\/1445\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng Chuy\u1ec3n Bi\u1ebfn Quan Tr\u1ecdng Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (Ph\u1ea7n 1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/phatgiaonguyenthuy.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/01\/hang-rao-giai-cap.jpg\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng Chuy\u1ec3n Bi\u1ebfn Quan Tr\u1ecdng Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (Ph\u1ea7n 1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra sau khi Ph\u1eadt Gotama nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt t\u1ecbch v\u1eeba b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng suy \u0111\u1ed3i. S\u1ed1 l\u00e0, khi Ph\u1eadt \u0111i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n Kusinara. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Kassapa (Ca-Di\u1ebfp) c\u0169ng d\u1eaft 500 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 theo v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y. Khi \u0111i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn Kusinara, trong l\u00fac d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Kassapa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho hay r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt Gotama \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3y h\u00f4m r\u1ed3i. Ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c vua Malla c\u1eed h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5 tr\u00e0 t\u1ef3&nbsp;<sup>(9)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(9) L\u1ec5 h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi hay tin Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ea7y. Trong \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3o ni\u00ean xu\u1ea5t gia, t\u00ean Subhat\u0101, \u0111\u1ee9ng ra khuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i: \u201cN\u00e0y ch\u01b0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7, ch\u1edb n\u00ean bu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3m l\u00e0m chi, h\u00f4m nay \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ea7y Gotama \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f3a ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai la r\u1ea7y v\u00e0 b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c trong ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc qu\u00e1 l\u1ebd. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc n\u1ed7i g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f3c than\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Kassapa nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t lo ng\u1ea1i cho ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Tuy kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ra ch\u1edb c\u0169ng l\u1eadp t\u00e2m duy tr\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng cho h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, n\u00ean sau khi d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 tr\u00e0 t\u1ef3 v\u00e0 chia x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba th\u00e1ng, ng\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Thinh v\u0103n \u0111\u1ea1i A- la-h\u00e1n t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh R\u0101jagaha (V\u01b0\u01a1ng-X\u00e1) \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4n c\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, h\u1ea7u nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf t\u0103ng ch\u00fang h\u00e0nh theo,g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb K\u1ebft t\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/strong>&nbsp;<sup>10<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(10) \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Kassapa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda; \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ananda (A-Nan) l\u00e3nh tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng Kinh. T\u1ea1ng kinh n\u00e0y chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n, ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Kinh, ph\u1ea7n vi t\u1ebf l\u00e0 Vi di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Upali (\u01afu-b\u00e0-li) nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh cho h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia h\u00e0nh theo trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau, t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Vesali (T\u1ef9-da-l\u1ecb), c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta sanh t\u00e2m s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Trong 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 hai \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng: Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c l\u00fac qu\u00e1 ng\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ho\u1eb7c th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y Vajjiputta s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i: D\u1ea7u qu\u00e1 ng\u1ecd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai cho ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y tu theo nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n chi\u1ec1u, \u0103n t\u1ed1i, \u0103n khuya v\u00e0 t\u00edch tr\u1eed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, th\u00e2u g\u00f3p l\u00faa ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u00fd ti\u00eau x\u00e0i. N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0103n trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y mai. Ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5ng, hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1i, \u0103n n\u01a1i n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n \u0111i \u0103n n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, \u1edf chung m\u1ed9t ch\u00f9a m\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t l\u1ed3 ri\u00eang theo b\u00e8 \u0111\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i cho \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t t\u0103ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o theo th\u00f3i quen kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 kinh lu\u1eadt, u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u non ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang ch\u1eef, \u0103n r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i ki\u1ebfm s\u1eefa ngu\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 u\u1ed1ng th\u00eam, d\u00f9ng t\u1ecda c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tu h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean tuy kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu, ch\u1edb c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng theo Ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1eadu t\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1i \u0111en \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, m\u00e0 m\u1ea5y ai bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Yassa th\u1ea5y v\u1eady s\u1ee3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p suy \u0111\u1ed3i, n\u00ean tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng t\u1ea1i Vesali \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;<strong>k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh lu\u1eadt k\u1ef3 nh\u00ec<\/strong>, v\u00e0 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta. Ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u phi ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tu\u00e2n theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y. Ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Yassa, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e0m t\u0103ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, c\u1ed1 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n&nbsp;<strong>th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kinh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt<\/strong>&nbsp;di truy\u1ec1n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101da (B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7). Phe c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y Vajjiputta, t\u1ef1 \u0111em m\u00ecnh ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng T\u0103ng gi\u00e0&nbsp;<sup>11<\/sup>, m\u1ea1nh ai n\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 do canh c\u1ea3i kinh lu\u1eadt, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n h\u1ecd l\u1eadp ra ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Acariyavad\u0101 (T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(11) Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 ch\u1edb k\u1ef3 d\u01b0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u0103ng gi\u00e0, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 do, quen tu theo m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch ai d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Yassa, s\u1ef1 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta \u0111\u01b0a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 suy vong. Cho n\u00ean x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m t\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i Vajjiputta truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng gi\u00e011 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y may n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng theo khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 Gotama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ebfn kinh ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n h\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ebf b\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 theo v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi tri\u1ebft l\u00fd huy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd bi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 cho s\u1ef1 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ea1 c\u0103n ngu xu\u1ea9n&nbsp;<sup>12<\/sup>; t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i lo \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<sup>13<\/sup>, d\u1ee5ng huy\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u01a1n&nbsp;<sup>14<\/sup>&nbsp;. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n, lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng b\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n, c\u00fang t\u1ebf c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o, ph\u00fa th\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai cho nh\u1eefng tha l\u1ef1c m\u00f9 m\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta chia nhau \u0111i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft sai l\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, r\u1ed3i sang qua Cao Ly, Trung Hoa, Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i x\u1ee9, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u00eam b\u1edbt kinh lu\u1eadt cho ti\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 th\u00e2u th\u1eadp t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. Khi truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u00e2u nh\u1eadp th\u00eam m\u00f4n ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa, qua Trung Qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o l\u00e0m ra Tam gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 Nho-Th\u00edch-\u0110\u1ea1o&nbsp;<sup>15<\/sup>. Nh\u1edd hai ch\u1eef \u201c<strong>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n<\/strong>\u201c, h\u1ecd quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e0y, n\u00ean ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn t\u1ef1 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1i danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Mah\u0101y\u0101na (\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba). \u0110\u00e2y n\u00f3i qua ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101da (B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7) t\u1eeb khi chia r\u1ebd hai ph\u00e1i, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00e0n lan l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n sang qua L\u0103n Ca, Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Ai-Lao, Cao Mi\u00ean. Nh\u00e2n m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1i \u0111i m\u1ed7i h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn l\u00e0 B\u1eafc t\u00f4n, ph\u00e1i B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Nam t\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(12) B\u1eadc tu cao, d\u00f9 ph\u1ea1m \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00ec t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i c\u00e0ng n\u00f3i b\u01b0\u1edbng, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sau, k\u00eau l\u00e0 tr\u00ed h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7p nh\u1ee9t.<\/em><br><em>(13) T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a s\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i lo khai s\u00e1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1ea5y m\u1edbi t\u1eeb bi b\u00e1c \u00e1i.<\/em><br><em>(14) Tu c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng xong, khi ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean Li\u00ean \u0111\u00e0i. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u00f3n thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eaft d\u1eabn t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111i&nbsp;<\/em><em>l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m, m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ai t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/em><br><em>(15) H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u00e1i ng\u1ea1i \u0111em Quan C\u00f4ng v\u00e0o ch\u00f9a l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e0 Lam. M\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a L\u01b0u B\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 k\u1ec3, tu h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt? H\u1ecd qu\u00ean c\u00e2u:&nbsp;ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t tr\u00ec nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean l\u1ed9 tri\u1ec7t.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1i B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 v\u00ec trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gotama, lo nghi\u00eam tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n&nbsp;<sup>16<\/sup>&nbsp;, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ai theo n\u1ed5i cho b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mau ch\u00f3ng, s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt. Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7t cho ph\u00e1i B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Hinayana (Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba)&nbsp;<sup>17<\/sup>&nbsp;c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 khinh b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay k\u00edch b\u00e1c ch\u00ea bai, cho ph\u00e1i B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u00edch k\u1ef7 nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba&nbsp;<sup>18<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb khi hai b\u00ean chia r\u1ebd nhau, ph\u00e1i B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 t\u00ecm n\u01a1i thu\u1eadn c\u1ea3nh, \u1ea9n n\u00e1u chuy\u00ean lo tu ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta. Cho n\u00ean m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u00f4ng k\u00edch d\u1eef d\u1ed9i nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Yassa, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 hay bi\u1ebft \u0111i n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3 l\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ebfc, m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c gi\u1eef ph\u1eadn b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh y theo Tam t\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Thinh v\u0103n La-h\u00e1n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(16) T\u1ea1i gia hay xu\u1ea5t gia c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y.<\/em><br><em>(17) \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 xe l\u1edbn; ch\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ed5 xe nh\u1ecf, ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, trong phi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i k\u1ef3 nh\u1ee9t, th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1950, t\u1ea1i T\u00edch Lan \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh x\u00f3a b\u1ecf ti\u1ebfng Hinayana (Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba), v\u00ec danh t\u1eeb \u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00ea h\u00e8n c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3.<\/em><br><em>(18) N\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u00fd xem trong kinh s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i l\u1ed9 v\u1ebb khinh b\u1ec9 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i trong kinh Nam t\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4n ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt, c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 Kinh, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadn. Nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m tu theo Kinh theo Lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec quen theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y chia r\u1ebd, ho\u1eb7c k\u00e9m t\u00e0i n\u0103ng, n\u00ean b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadn khinh b\u1ec9, li\u1ec7t h\u1ecd v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, ho\u1eb7c Trung th\u1eeba, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u00ec t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ho\u1eb7c T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba. S\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sanh trong ch\u1ed7 \u0111ua nhau l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eb7ng tranh gi\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u00f9ng uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. Nh\u1edd thi\u00ean t\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang, h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, c\u00e1c Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 chuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p s\u00e2u xa b\u00ed \u1ea9n, l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft h\u01b0 huy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u t\u00e0i lu\u1eadn bi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ef3 lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn: Th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau, \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y qua \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ecd, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ca t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch m\u1ea1t th\u1ecb gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed9c lu\u1eadn chi\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV (k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y) th\u00ec ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u1ebft t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0i. Gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II), nh\u1edd c\u00f3 vua Yuetchi Kaniska x\u1ee9 Purusapuri s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n kinh s\u00e1ch, n\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i gom t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 ba ph\u00e1i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u00e0m Tam t\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n ch\u00f3t. Th\u1eadt ra ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 Gotama, nh\u01b0 hai k\u1ef3 h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng \u201cv\u00f4 h\u1ecdc\u201d do \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Kasspa v\u00e0 Yassa tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 thu th\u1eadp nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u1ec1 Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn trong ba ph\u00e1i vi\u1ebft ra l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 qua Trung Hoa l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i canh c\u1ea3i t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 theo phong t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u, vi\u1ebft ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 kinh lu\u1eadn m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o Tam t\u1ea1ng T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n. Tam t\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y b\u1ed9, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ch\u1eef nh\u01b0 Tam t\u1ea1ng B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7. Th\u00e0nh ra sau n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 n\u00e0o vi\u1ebft ra bao nhi\u00eau kinh lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sau l\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i kinh, lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadn Sanskrit (B\u1eafc Ph\u1ea1n) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, trong ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u-Trung-\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba vi\u1ebft ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n. Tam t\u1ea1ng T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, Lu\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 Tam t\u1ea1ng B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7, d\u1ea7u cho c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng t\u00f9y s\u1ed1 kinh s\u00e1ch thu g\u00f3p trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 in ra, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i do n\u01a1i H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb T\u0103ng ch\u00fang n\u00e0o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3, b\u1edfi T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t, trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Purusapuri (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh s\u00e1ch ba th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t Tam t\u1ea1ng, th\u00e0nh ra Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, Trung th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Trung th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u1ebf t\u1ef1 n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdn gia t\u00e0i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd ba th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 con m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a ba d\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khi th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a hai ph\u00e1i H\u1ea1 th\u1eeba l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a chung cho n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o m\u00ecnh, t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Trung Hoa v\u00e0 Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1i quy lu\u1eadt c\u0169 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u00ea bai, khinh th\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e0n em, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00ecnh. Ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng h\u1ed5 th\u1ea7m, h\u1ed5 v\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 anh c\u1ea3 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m anh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea3 gia t\u00e0i s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f2n \u1ee9c hi\u1ebfp n\u1ed7i g\u00ec m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean gi\u1ecdng cho ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3, trong khi ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ecb ai bi\u1ebfm nh\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c tranh gi\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ch\u1ed7 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc m\u00ecnh l\u00ean cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i cao c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f4ng khai th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c trong khi l\u00ean gi\u1ecdng ch\u00ea bai \u0111\u00e0n em m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y ai d\u0129 h\u01a1i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb khinh ng\u1ea7m m\u00e0 sanh t\u00e2m th\u00f9 hi\u1ec1m ganh gh\u00e9t ch\u0103ng? Ti\u1ebfc m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 trong m\u1ea5y th\u1ebf h\u1ec7, t\u1eeb tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft t\u00f4ng chi t\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, c\u1ee9 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ea7m chia r\u1ebd v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0n em, kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn: Vaibh\u0101shika (C\u00e2u- X\u00e1 t\u00f4ng) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Sautr\u0101ntika (Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt t\u00f4ng) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Vinaya (Lu\u1eadt t\u00f4ng) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/li><li>Trung th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn: Madhyamika (Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng), Vijn\u0101navada hay l\u00e0 Yog\u0101c\u0101ra (Duy th\u1ee9c hay Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4ng) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn: Avatamsaka (Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Dhyana (Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng) \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng Trung Hoa, Ch\u01a1n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4ng Trung Hoa, T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng Trung Hoa, Ch\u01a1n t\u00f4ng Trung Hoa, Ph\u00e1p Hoa t\u00f4ng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ed5n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khi T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn tranh gi\u00e0nh nhau l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 chia th\u1eeba, nh\u00f3m B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 c\u1ed1 duy tr\u00ec n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 Gotama di truy\u1ec1n. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u00f3m B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba n\u00e0o, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi nh\u00f3m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 th\u1edd hai ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau m\u1ed9t tr\u1eddi m\u1ed9t v\u1ef1c.<strong>&nbsp;T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn<\/strong>&nbsp;th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo&nbsp;<strong>t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0110a th\u1ea7n<\/strong>, th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0, Quan \u00c2m, Th\u1ebf Ch\u00ed, Ng\u1ecdc ho\u00e0ng, Di\u00eam ch\u00faa, \u0110\u1ecba T\u1ea1ng, Quan C\u00f4ng, Ti\u00eau Di\u1ec7n, H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p v.v\u2026 \u01b0a th\u00edch tri\u1ebft l\u00fd huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1&nbsp;<strong>\u0103n chay&nbsp;<sup>19<\/sup>&nbsp;l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng, l\u1ea5y Tam t\u1ea1ng B\u1eafc Ph\u1ea1n (Sanskrit) v\u00e0 H\u00e1n v\u0103n l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng<\/strong>.&nbsp;<strong>B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ed1ng thuy\u1ebft \u0110a th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt Gotama l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Tam t\u1ea1ng Nam Ph\u1ea1n (P\u0101\u1e37\u012b).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(19) Thay th\u1ebf cho gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tam t\u1ea1ng P\u0101\u1e37\u012b n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi Tam t\u1ea1ng T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>X\u01b0a kia&nbsp;<strong>Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 Gotama d\u00f9ng to\u00e0n ti\u1ebfng Magadha<\/strong>&nbsp;l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y, n\u00ean sau l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u00e9p ra c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>ch\u1eef P\u0101\u1e37\u012b c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Magadha<\/strong>, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef Sanskrit, ch\u1eef n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Ba-la-m\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/li><li>Tam t\u1ea1ng P\u0101\u1e37\u012b \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, m\u1ed7i khi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng suy \u0111\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ea1c Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p: l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, 3 th\u00e1ng sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n do 500 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Rajagaha; l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, 100 n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n do 700 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Vesali; l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, 218 n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n do 1000 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n t\u1ea1i Patalliputta, hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd l\u00e0 Patna; l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, 514 n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, do 500 v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda T\u00edch Lan, t\u1ea1i Malaya, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Tam t\u1ea1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh vi\u1ebft ra tr\u00ean l\u00e1 th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t; l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, 2414 n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch do 2400 v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1i Mandalay v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Tam t\u1ea1ng tr\u00ean 729 bia \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch; hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd t\u1ea1i Rangoon cho t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u0103m th\u1ee9 2500 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch (l\u00e0 2500 n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n) cho ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh K\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh ng\u00e0y 23 th\u00e1ng 5 n\u0103m 1956, v\u00eda Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/li><li>Tam t\u1ea1ng P\u0101\u1e37\u012b to\u00e0n l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n do ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i trong ba k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00fang theo s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, theo s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef, v\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt, s\u1ee3 ph\u00e0m t\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 Tam t\u1ea1ng, n\u00ean vi\u1ebft ra b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y sau d\u1ec5 b\u1ec1 d\u00f2 x\u00e9t, khi c\u00f3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp, h\u1ea7u tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 canh c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c. C\u00e1c l\u1eddi ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft ra ch\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o Tam t\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o, cho n\u00ean d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u0103ng n\u00e0o nu\u00f4i m\u1ed9ng l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0m T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Tr\u00edch: Ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tu Ph\u1eadt (Tr\u00f9ng Quang C\u01b0 S\u0129)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-theravada\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/phatgiaonguyenthuy.org\/nhung-chuyen-bien-quan-trong-trong-lich-su-phat-giao\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nh\u1eefng Chuy\u1ec3n Bi\u1ebfn Quan Tr\u1ecdng Trong L\u1ecbch S\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (Ph\u1ea7n 1) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra sau khi Ph\u1eadt Gotama\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1445","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lich-su-dao-phat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1445"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1449,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1445\/revisions\/1449"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1445"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1445"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1445"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1445"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}