{"id":14556,"date":"2021-10-08T02:54:55","date_gmt":"2021-10-07T19:54:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=14556"},"modified":"2021-10-08T02:54:56","modified_gmt":"2021-10-07T19:54:56","slug":"duc-phat-co-day-84000-phap-mon-khong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2021\/10\/08\/duc-phat-co-day-84000-phap-mon-khong\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT C\u00d3 D\u1ea0Y 84,000 PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N KH\u00d4NG?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ngu\u1ed3n :thuvienhoasen.org<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=GQLHnoaoHVY\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT C\u00d3 D\u1ea0Y 84,000 PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N KH\u00d4NG<\/strong>? – TT Th\u00edch Nh\u1eadt T\u1eeb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Th\u00edch Nh\u1eadt T\u1eeb<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 1. D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

<\/a>Trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eadp ni\u00ean qua, trong h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i cho T\u0103ng Ni v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean trang nh\u00e0 Ch\u00f9a Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9[1]<\/a> v\u00e0 trang nh\u00e0 Youtube[2]<\/a>, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201c84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n\u201d l\u00e0 do Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra, ch\u1ee9 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf, m\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, truy t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5, ni\u1ec1m \u0111au v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp b\u00e1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb trong b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p cho qu\u00fd s\u01b0 Kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 t\u1ea1i T\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 Trung T\u00e2m ng\u00e0y 27\/5\/2014 v\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 \u201cTr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n sinh<\/em>.<\/a>\u201d B\u00e0i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p n\u00e0y khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i tr\u00ean trang nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Ng\u00e0y Nay[3]<\/a> v\u00e0 Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Hoa Sen[4]<\/a> \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea5y l\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1i chi\u1ec1u, trong \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u2018Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i quy k\u1ebft ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u00e0 phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft n\u00eau ra trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c qua b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: \u201cTu h\u1ecdc: n\u00f3i, nghe, \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft<\/a>\u2026\u201d[5]<\/a> trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cch\u00fang ta t\u1eebng nghe m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 84.000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n l\u00e0 do Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i theo tr\u00ed nh\u1edb; tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu qu\u00fd Th\u1ea7y ng\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quy l\u1ed7i cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o TQ nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/em>.\u201d Qua nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t tr\u00ean, theo c\u01b0 s\u0129 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c, c\u00e1c T\u0103ng Ni n\u00e0o cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n l\u00e0 do Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ra\u201d l\u00e0 do \u201cn\u00f3i theo tr\u00ed nh\u1edb\u201d, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 g\u00e2y h\u00e0m oan cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f2n \u201cng\u1ed3i vi\u1ebft, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng quy l\u1ed7i cho Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o TQ nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.\u201d T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngay sau ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 1024 trong Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7, <\/em>c\u01b0 s\u0129 Nguy\u00ean Gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean, khi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb: \u201cC\u00f3 l\u1ebd, n\u00ean th\u1ea5y, con s\u1ed1 84.000 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n. Ch\u1eef g\u1ed1c l\u00e0: \u201c84,000 dhammakkhandha\u201d (Dhamma teachings). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u0103ng, n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 84.000 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p, hay 84.000 \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p<\/em>?\u201d Trong b\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u00eau tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201ccon s\u1ed1 84,000 l\u00e0 do Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3.\u201d T\u00f4i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u201c84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/strong> l\u00e0 do Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1eb7t ra\u201d, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u1eabu thu\u1eabn v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo t\u00f4i, n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb hay vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111i n\u1eefa, d\u00f9 84,000 l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Pali, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201c84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n<\/strong>\u201d kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali. Con s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 do Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c (bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit sang H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng s\u0129 Trung Qu\u1ed1c) \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 ra, do d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d (P: dhammakkhandha<\/em>; C: \u6cd5\u860a) trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Pali r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh \u201cph\u00e1p m\u00f4n\u201d (\u6cd5\u9580).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d  trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Pali, \u00fd ngh\u0129a con s\u1ed1 84,000 trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3m l\u1ea7m trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cPh\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d <\/strong>trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Pali<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Con s\u1ed1 \u201c84,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ananda trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eb1m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong 45 n\u0103m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d (\u6cd5\u860a) trong H\u00e1n c\u1ed5 th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u201cdhammakkhandha<\/em>\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng P\u0101\u1e37i v\u00e0 \u201cdharmaskandha<\/em>\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit. T\u1eeb \u201ckkhandha<\/em>\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p\u201d (aggregate<\/em>), do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cng\u0169 u\u1ea9n\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103m t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p (th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, tri gi\u00e1c, t\u00e2m t\u01b0, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c) v\u1ed1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e2m v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Pali c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, con s\u1ed1 \u201c84,000\u201d kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra. Con s\u1ed1 84,000 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7. <\/em>V\u1ec1 sau, con s\u1ed1 \u201c84,000 dharmaskandha<\/em>\u201d t\u1ee9c \u201c84,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Sanskrit c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n c\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch \u201cdharmaskandha<\/em>\u201d th\u00e0nh \u201cph\u00e1p m\u00f4n\u201d, \u0111ang khi v\u1ec1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n.\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba theo phong c\u00e1ch Trung Qu\u1ed1c tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 84,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n, t\u1ee9c 84,000 l\u1eddi ph\u00e1p, hay l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Ph\u1ea9m \u201cKi\u1ebfn b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u201d thu\u1ed9c Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, <\/em>d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ecbch \u201cdharmaskandha<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng\u201d (\u6cd5\u85cf) thay v\u00ec s\u00e1t ngh\u0129a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d: \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 84,000 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng, 12 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0i Kinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d[6]<\/a> \u201cPh\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng\u201d trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ckho t\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u201d, bao g\u1ed3m kinh, lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadn. Trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, <\/em>\u201cph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng\u201d kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201ckho ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p\u201d, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t sau con s\u1ed1 84,000 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 84,000 kho ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, v\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p (hai kho c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 kho Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kho Lu\u1eadn). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, d\u1ecbch \u201cdharmaskandha<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng\u201d l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Pali, con s\u1ed1 \u201c84,000\u201d xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n duy nh\u1ea5t (?) trong Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7 <\/em>(Theragatha, <\/em>k\u1ec7 1024), <\/em>khi t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ananda tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 82,000 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 2,000 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n Pali c\u1ee7a k\u1ec7 1024 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cDv\u0101s\u012bti buddhato ga\u1e47hi\u1e43, dve sahass\u0101ni bhikkhuto; Catur\u0101s\u012btisahass\u0101ni, ye me dhamm\u0101 pavattino<\/em>,\u201d[7]<\/a> t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn 82,000 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 2,000 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi 84,000 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi l\u1ea7n theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d (dhammakkhandha<\/em>) kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7 <\/em>n\u00eau tr\u00ean, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf b\u1ea3n S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i<\/em> (Atthakatha<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7<\/em>. Th\u1ef1c ra, trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7<\/em>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cdhamm\u0101<\/em>\u201d d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u201cc\u00e1c b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p\u201d, \u201cc\u00e1c b\u00e0i Kinh\u201d hay \u2018c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y d\u00e0i, v\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 4 c\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau ra c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfm con s\u1ed1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 g\u00ec, S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i<\/em> (Atthakatha<\/em>) c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7 <\/em>cho r\u1eb1ng trong Kinh t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 21,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n, Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 21,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n, trong khi Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 42,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, Lu\u1eadn v\u1eeba n\u00eau cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7 <\/em>c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng V\u00f4 t\u1ef7 ph\u00e1p (Abhidhamma<\/em>) nhi\u1ec1u g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i so v\u1edbi Kinh t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Kinh t\u1ea1ng (Sutta Pitaka<\/em>) v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng (Vinaya Pitaka<\/em>), \u0111ang khi Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng (Abhidhamma Pitaka<\/em>) l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u1ec1 sau, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng do \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i<\/em> (Atthakatha<\/em>) nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec1 cao Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0 theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1ef7 ph\u00e1p\u201d, v\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cao g\u00ec h\u01a1n\u201d n\u00ean v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u ch\u1eef v\u00e0 trang th\u00ec 7 t\u1eadp Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng Pali ch\u1ec9  b\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 1\/3 c\u1ee7a Kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra 42,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n trong Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a S\u1edb gi\u1ea3i <\/em>l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 84,000<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 84,000 th\u00ec thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201c84,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6cd5\u860a) <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 84,000 ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1u, (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6cd5\u805a), 84,000 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6cd5\u85cf), 84,000 gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6559\u9580) v\u00e0 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n(\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6cd5\u9580). Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Kinh Th\u1eafng-man, ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong 84,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n: \u201cNay t\u00f4i [Th\u1eafng-man] n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp thu ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p.\u201d \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt li\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y: \u201cH\u00e3y kh\u00e9o di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft.\u201d Th\u1eafng-man b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTi\u1ebfp thu ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, bao g\u1ed3m 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n.\u201d<\/em>[8]<\/a> Th\u1ef1c ra, trong nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c Sanskrit, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d (S: dharmaskandha, C: <\/em>\u6cd5\u860a), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u201cph\u00e1p m\u00f4n.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110inh Ph\u00fac B\u1ea3o <\/em>(\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd), ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cch\u1ec9 chung cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p h\u00e0m t\u00e0ng \u0111a ngh\u0129a, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng\u201d (<\/em>\u6cd5\u85cf). Do t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d, con s\u1ed1 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 84,000.\u201d<\/em>[9]<\/a>Theo Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/em> (\u4f5b\u5b78\u5927\u8fad\u5178) c\u1ee7a \u0110inh Ph\u00fac B\u1ea3o, 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e1t v\u1ea1n t\u1ee9 thi\u00ean gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n\u201d (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6559\u9580) t\u1ee9c 84,000 gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n.[10]<\/a> Kinh T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba qu\u00e1n, <\/em>quy\u1ec3n 7, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cph\u00e1p m\u00f4n\u201d, m\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ct\u1ed5ng tr\u00ec m\u00f4n\u201d (\u7e3d\u6301\u9580) v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c84,000 t\u1ed5ng tr\u00ec m\u00f4n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb binh ma\u201d.[11]<\/a> Theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201ct\u1ed5ng tr\u00ec m\u00f4n\u201d \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u201cho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d (\u60d1\u969c) v\u00e0 \u201cma ch\u00fang\u201d (\u9b54\u773e), v\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u01a1ng cho phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (\u7169\u60f1). N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u201cv\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 84,000 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb.\u201d[12]<\/a> D\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u1eef \u201cph\u00e1p m\u00f4n\u201d sau con s\u1ed1 84,000, nh\u1eb1m ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u xoay quanh n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa <\/em>ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cPh\u00e1p s\u01b0 Di\u1ec7u Quang n\u00e0y ph\u1ee5ng tr\u00ec t\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p,\u201d[13]<\/a> trong \u0111\u00f3 \u201ct\u1ea1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u201d (\u4f5b\u6cd5\u85cf) ch\u1ec9 cho kho t\u00e0ng Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1ea9m Hi\u1ec7n B\u1ea3o Th\u00e1p, Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/em>, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn: \u201cth\u1ecd tr\u00ec 84,000 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lu\u1eadn C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 <\/em>gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a 80,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u 80,000 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cC\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 80,000 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 6,000 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n t\u00fac lu\u1eadn <\/em>c\u00f3 6,000 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng [con s\u1ed1 84,000] ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft\u2026 K\u1ef3 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a c\u00f3 80,000 lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0y, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng 80,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n.\u201d[15]<\/a> Theo gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Kinh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 6,000 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7! Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i Kinh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf trong ba kho t\u00e0ng Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 84,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n. Ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u201d (a portion of the Norm<\/em>) hay \u201cb\u00e0i ph\u00e1p\u201d, \u201cb\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d. Theo T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali \u2013 English<\/em> do h\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n (tr.338b), ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p\u201d ho\u1eb7c \u201cc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p\u201d (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t).[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f9ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00eau tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 bi\u00ean t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Mahidol, Thailand, d\u1ecbch \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u201d, khi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cNh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m t\u1eeb khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m 84,000 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 (dhammakkhandha), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ba kho t\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n (Tipitaka).\u201d[17]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0110inh Ph\u00fac B\u1ea3o c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec3u \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00e0i kinh\u201d (\u7d93\u5178) khi cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 84,000 b\u1ec7nh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang, tuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng 84,000 b\u00e0i kinh.\u201d[18]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y 5 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p (365 ng\u00e0y x 45 n\u0103m x 5 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p) th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 82,125 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (buddhavacana<\/em>). \u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali, ta kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 82,125 b\u00e0i Kinh, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, ta t\u00ednh trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 4 c\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i Kinh ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, con s\u1ed1 2,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n n\u00eau hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 2,000 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng trong Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ni k\u1ec7 <\/em>v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i Kinh\/ k\u1ec7 trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 Kinh, Trung b\u1ed9 Kinh, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9 kinh v\u00e0 T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9 Kinh, <\/em>n\u1ed7i tr\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t (Sariputta), M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean (Moggallana), Ca-chi\u00ean-di\u00ean (Kaccayana) v\u00e0 A-nan (Ananda). Trong Kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 2000 b\u00e0i Kinh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb, m\u1ed7i b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 4-6 c\u00e2u trong Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7 <\/em>v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ni k\u1ec7 <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, con s\u1ed1 82,000 b\u00e0i Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 2000 b\u00e0i Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng gi\u1ea3ng ch\u1eb3ng qua ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 Kinh, <\/em>v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp 15 b\u1ed9 Kinh ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi mu\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c Kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng trong v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, con s\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh. Do \u0111\u00f3, con s\u1ed1 84,000 trong 84,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u\u201d v\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cr\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u201d (a very great many<\/em>), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c 84,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. C\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 \u201c84,000\u201d <\/strong>(\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 84,000 (b\u00e1t v\u1ea1n t\u1ee9 thi\u00ean, \u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343), ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 84,000 gi\u1edbi (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6212), 84,000 t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5fc3\u884c), 84,000 vi tr\u00f9ng (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u87f2<\/em>)…[19]<\/a> C\u00e1c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y con s\u1ed1 84,000 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con s\u1ed1 84,000 <\/strong>(S:catur-a\u015b\u012bti-sahasra<\/em>; C: \u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343<\/strong>) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con s\u1ed1 84,000 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 80,000 (b\u00e1t v\u1ea1n) trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Kinh Hoa nghi\u00eam <\/em>ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201c80,000 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 84,000, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0nh.\u201d[20]<\/a> Ho\u1eb7c \u201cv\u00ec ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 84,000.\u201d[21]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Con s\u1ed1 84,000 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Kinh Hi\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp <\/em>gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m [b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1] \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ph\u00e2n chia x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i, c\u00f3 350 \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4n, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 6 ba-la-m\u1eadt, h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh 2,100, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 4 ph\u1ea7n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 8,400, r\u1ed3i 1 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 10 h\u1ee3p, ta c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 84,000.\u201d[22]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110inh Ph\u00fac B\u1ea3o, \u201ccon s\u1ed1 84,000 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 84,000, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 b\u00e1t v\u1ea1n (80,000). Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ta c\u00f3 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef 84,000 tr\u1ea7n lao; khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o m\u00f4n, ta c\u00f3 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n; khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a n\u00fai Tu-di, ta c\u00f3 84,000 do-tu\u1ea7n; v\u00e0 khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u00e2n th\u1ecd \u1edf ki\u1ebfp s\u01a1, ta c\u00f3 84,000 tu\u1ed5i.\u201d[23]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng theo c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1eeba n\u00eau, \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Quang<\/em> cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCon s\u1ed1 84,000 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ef1c \u0111a, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t v\u1ea1n [80,000]. Ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ef1c \u0111a n\u00ean d\u1ee5 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 84,000 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, hay 84,000 tr\u1ea7n lao. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n (ho\u1eb7c 80,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n), 84,000 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng (ho\u1eb7c 80,000 ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng), 84,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n (ho\u1eb7c 80,000 ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n).\u201d[24]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

84,000 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o<\/strong> (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u7169\u60f1)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 84,000 b\u1ec7nh (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u75c5), ho\u1eb7c 84,000 tr\u1ea7n lao (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5875\u52de), ho\u1eb7c 84,000 lao tr\u1ea7n (\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u52de\u5875), ho\u1eb7c 84,000 sai bi\u1ec7t (S: catura\u015b\u012btisahasra-prak\u0101ra-bheda<\/em>, \u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5dee\u5225) l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf \u201c84,000 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201d trong v\u00e0i ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Lu\u1eadn ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n <\/em>ghi r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong m\u1ed7i tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 84,000 c\u1eeda tr\u1ea7n lao\u201d[25]<\/a> \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u00ec c\u00f3 84,000 c\u1eeda Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. \u0110inh Ph\u00fac B\u1ea3o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng: \u201cd\u00f9ng b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee5 cho 84,000 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201d.[26]<\/a> Do \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cb\u1ec7nh\u201d (\u75c5) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 cho \u201cphi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201d[27]<\/a> v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a. Theo Lu\u1eadn Tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9<\/em>: \u201cTr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a 84,000 b\u1ec7nh [phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o] c\u0103n b\u1ea3n.\u201d[28]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh 84,000 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Quang<\/em> l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cV\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecdc, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n lao. Ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ecb t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o sai s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t, xoay v\u1ea7n trong sinh t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. Lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n lao, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 10 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed. M\u1ed7i ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 1 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 9 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed ph\u1ee5, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 100 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed. Nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi ba \u0111\u1eddi (qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai) c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 300 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed. M\u1ed7i th\u1eddi v\u1edbi 100 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y 1 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 9 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed ph\u1ee5, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh con s\u1ed1 2100 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed. 3 t\u00e2m (tham, s\u00e2n, si) v\u00e0 4 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 2100 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, c\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh 8400 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 4 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 6 tr\u1ea7n (s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p) m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 8400, ta c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 84,000 tr\u1ea7n lao.\u201d[29]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c, tr\u1ea7n lao l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0m nh\u01a1 u\u1ebf ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n nh\u1ecdc.[30]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a v\u00e0o Abhidhamma<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 52 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, t\u1ee9c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, trong \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 14 t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ee9c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (1. Si, 2. V\u00f4 T\u00e0m, 3. V\u00f4 Qu\u00fd, 4. Ph\u00f3ng D\u1eadt, 5. Tham, 6. T\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn, 7. Ng\u00e3 M\u1ea1n, 8. S\u00e2n, 9. Ganh T\u1ef5, 10. Xan Tham, 11. Lo \u00c2u, 12. H\u00f4n Tr\u1ea7m, 13. Th\u1ee5y Mi\u00ean, 14. Ho\u00e0i Nghi). C\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i bao g\u1ed3m: 7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh (Sabbacittas\u00e0dh\u00e0ran\u00e0),[31]<\/a> 6 t\u00e2m s\u1edf bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh (Pakinnakacetasika) v\u00e0[32]<\/a> 25 t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ecbnh quang (Sobhanacetasika). 25 t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ecbnh quang g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 19 t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n,[33]<\/a> 3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf,[34]<\/a> 2 t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (1. Bi, 2. H\u1ef7) v\u00e0 1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf tu\u1ec7 c\u0103n (tu\u1ec7 c\u0103n).[35]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u, 84,000 b\u1ec7nh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong Lu\u1eadn Tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 <\/em>ch\u1ec9 cho \u201cnhi\u1ec1u\u201d phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, m\u00e0 theo Abhidhamma <\/em>g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 14 lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ch\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 84,000 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

84,000 t\u01b0\u1edbng [h\u1ea3o]<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd Kinh, <\/em>\u201c\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 c\u00f3 84,000 t\u01b0\u1edbng [h\u1ea3o], m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u trang nghi\u00eam, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng ra 84,000 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.\u201d[36]<\/a> \u1ede \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c, Qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd Kinh <\/em>c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ecd c\u00f3 84,000 t\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed7i t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 84,000 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb9p t\u00f9y h\u00ecnh.\u201d[37]<\/a>  Nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0110inh Ph\u00fac B\u1ea3o cho r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi li\u1ec7t \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n (t\u1ee9c H\u00f3a th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt) th\u00ec c\u00f3 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 80 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111ang khi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u1ee9ng th\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00f3 84,000 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o.\u201d[38]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo V\u00e3ng sinh y\u1ebfu t\u1eadp, <\/em>quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi 80,000 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A-di-\u0111\u00e0 th\u00ec c\u00f3 84,000 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh trong \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n: \u201c\u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi 80,000 do-tu\u1ea7n, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 80,000 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 80,000 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.\u201d[39]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00eau tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y con s\u1ed1 84,000 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ec1 con s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 theo Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng, <\/em>\u201ct\u1eeb h\u00ecnh dung s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f3i quen th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. Trong Kinh Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u. ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con s\u1ed1 84,000 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c.\u201d[40]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

84,000 th\u00e1p (<\/strong>\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5854<\/strong>)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Lu\u1eadt Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa<\/em> (\u5584\u898b\u5f8b\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99), sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf Asoka s\u1eafc d\u1ef1ng 84,000 b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, t\u00f4n th\u1edd x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. C\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n truy\u1ec7n <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y V\u1ee9c k\u00fd <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean.[41]<\/a> Ph\u1ea9m D\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 84,000 b\u00ecnh b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ef1ng x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u00e1p x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cSau khi l\u1eeda thi\u00eau t\u1eaft, th\u00e2u nh\u1eb7t x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i, l\u00e0m 84,000 tr\u00e1p b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y 84,000 th\u00e1p [x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i].\u201d[42]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n thu\u1ed9c Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9, <\/em>sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp v\u00f4 d\u01b0 ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m 8 ph\u1ea7n, d\u00e0nh cho t\u00e1m v\u1ecb vua quy y v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt x\u00e2y th\u00e1p t\u00f4n th\u1edd trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf Asoka cho khai qu\u1eadt 8 th\u00e1p x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh 84,000 ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc d\u1ef1ng 84,000 th\u00e1p th\u1edd x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean to\u00e0n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 \u00edt d\u1eef li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a 84,000 th\u00e1p x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n do \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf Asoka s\u1eafc d\u1ef1ng n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khai qu\u1eadt b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 Anh, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Nepal cho th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 19 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 Asoka (269 TTL-232 TTL) v\u1edbi 33 s\u1eafc d\u1ee5[43]<\/a> c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 6 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng cho ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Chi\u1ec1u cao trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 12-15m (t\u1ee9c 40-50 feet) v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng kho\u1ea3ng 50 t\u1ea5n\/ tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecba d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a 39 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m[44]<\/a> m\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng, c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m.[45]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y con s\u1ed1 84,000 th\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u201cnhi\u1ec1u\u201d th\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 84,000 th\u00e1p x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cph\u00e1p m\u00f4n\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c trong thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef  84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch tho\u00e1t ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb Sanskrit \u201cdharmaskandha<\/em>\u201d v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n\u201d, m\u00e0 trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, n\u00eau hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eddi ph\u00e1p\u201d hay \u201cl\u1eddi Kinh\u201d b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn d\u00e0i hay ng\u1eafn, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 4 c\u00e2u. Trong m\u1ecdi ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch \u201cdharmaskandha<\/em>\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00e1p m\u00f4n\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

***<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00eau tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng gi\u1ea3ng 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch tho\u00e1t ng\u1eef v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf,[46]<\/a> trong \u0111\u00f3, b\u00e1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o,[47]<\/a> c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctrung \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d (majjhimaa patipada<\/em>) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (dhammacariya<\/em>) hay \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (brahmacariya<\/em>), v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 (ekayano aya’m maggo<\/em>), d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh (suddhi<\/em>), \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n (sambodha<\/em>) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t (nibbana<\/em>).[48]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4i xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn ba b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 trong Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa[49]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i b\u00e1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u1ee9 hai (hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 84,000 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n) trong Kinh t\u1ea1ng Pali, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y:

273<\/strong>. B\u00e1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf cao s\u00e2u L\u00eca tham \u00e1i \u2013 qu\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u Ch\u1ee9ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u hai ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

274<\/strong>. B\u00e1t ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c Tu\u1ec7 cao si\u00eau, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ecbnh thanh Noi theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh N\u00e3o phi\u1ec1n d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch, ma qu\u00e2n quy h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

275<\/strong>. Theo ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng duy\u00ean k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00f9a Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, 27-2-2015<\/p>\n\n\n\n

TNT<\/p>\n\n\n\n

 __________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> http:\/\/www.chuagiacngo.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/tusachphathoc<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/phatgiao-vn\/su-kien-van-de<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> http:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a22430\/tro-ve-dao-phat-nguyen-chat-de-phung-su-nhan-sinh<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> http:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a22444\/tu-hoc-noi-nghe-doc-viet<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a>  \u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u898b\u5bf6\u5854\u54c1\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u6301\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6cd5\u85cf\u5341\u4e8c\u90e8\u7d93\uff0c\u70ba\u4eba\u6f14\u8aaa\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a Hellmuth Hecker & Sister Khema: \u201c82,000 (teachings) from the Buddha I have received; 2,000 more from his disciples; Now 84,000 teachings are familiar to me<\/em>.\u201d D\u1eabn theo http:\/\/www.accesstoinsight.org\/tipitaka\/kn\/thag\/thag.17.03.hekh.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> \u52dd\u9b18\u7d93, \u300a\u5927\u6b63\u85cf\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u5377\u300b: \u300c  \u6211\u7576\u627f\u4f5b\u795e\u529b\u66f4\u5fa9\u6f14\u8aaa\u651d\u53d7\u6b63\u6cd5\u5ee3\u5927\u4e4b\u7fa9\u3002\u4f5b\u8a00\u3002\u4fbf\u8aaa\u3002\u52dd\u9b18\u767d\u4f5b\u3002\u651d\u53d7\u6b63\u6cd5\u5ee3\u5927\u7fa9\u8005<\/em>\u3002<\/em>\u5247\u662f\u7121\u91cf<\/em>\u3002<\/em>\u5f97\u4e00\u5207\u4f5b\u6cd5\u651d\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6cd5\u9580<\/em>\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> D\u1eabn theo trang web sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/buddhaspace.org\/dict\/dfb\/data\/<\/a><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a> D\u1eabn theo T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/dictionary.buddhistdoor.com\/<\/a>95%99%E9%96%80<\/a>
[11]<\/a> T\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba qu\u00e1n kinh<\/em>, th\u1ea5t: \u201cb\u00e1t v\u1ea1n t\u1ee9 thi\u00ean t\u1ed5ng tr\u00ec m\u00f4n, n\u0103ng tr\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0\u1edbng, ti\u00eau ma ch\u00fang<\/em>.\u201d\u300a\u5fc3\u5730\u89c0\u7d93\u4e03\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u7e3d\u6301\u9580\uff0c\u80fd\u9664\u60d1\u969c\u92b7\u9b54\u773e\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> \u4e01\u798f\u4fdd: \u300a\u4f5b\u5b78\u5927\u8fad\u5178\u300b : \u300c\u773e\u751f\u6709\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u4e4b\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u6545\u4f5b\u70ba\u4e4b\u8aaa\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u4e4b\u6cd5\u9580\u3002\u300d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> \u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u5e8f\u54c1\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u6b64\u5999\u5149\u6cd5\u5e2b\u5949\u6301\u4f5b\u6cd5\u85cf\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> \u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u5bf6\u5854\u54c1\u300b:\u300c\u6301\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6cd5\u85cf\uff0c\u70ba\u4eba\u6f14\u8aaa\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> \u300a\u4ff1\u820d\u8ad6\u4e00\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u6709\u5e2b\u8a00\u5982\u4f86\u8aaa\u516b\u842c\u90e8\u6cd5\u860a\u7d93\uff0c\u4e00\u4e00\u6cd5\u860a\u6709\u516d\u5343\u980c\uff0c\u5982\u6cd5\u860a\u8db3\u8ad6\u6709\u516d\u5343\u980c\u3002\u53c8\u6709\u5e2b\u8aaa\u5c31\u6240\u8a6e\u6cd5\u7fa9\u3002\u3002\u3002\u7136\u5982\u5be6\u8aaa\uff0c\u6240\u5316\u6709\u60c5\uff0c\u6709\u8caa\u778b\u7b49\u516b\u842c\u7169\u60f1\uff0c\u70ba\u5c0d\u6cbb\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e16\u5c0a\u8aaa\u516b\u842c\u6cd5\u860a\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> Pali English Dictionary<\/em>, p.338b: Main portions or articles of the Dhamma (siila, samaadhi, pa~n~naa, vimutti).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng Anh: \u201cThe words spoken by the Buddha over the mere 45 year period after his enlightenment until his final passing away (parinibbana) are said to cover 84,000 topics (dhammakkhandha), and these are collected and arranged in the scriptures that Buddhists revere most highly, known as the Tipitaka<\/em>.\u201d Xem  trang sau \u0111\u00e2y: <\/strong>http:\/\/www.mahidol.ac.th\/budsir\/preface.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> \u4e01\u798f\u4fdd\u300a\u4f5b\u5b78\u5927\u8fad\u5178\u300b: \u300c\u773e\u751f\u6709\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u7169\u60f1\u4e4b\u75c5\uff0c\u4f5b\u70ba\u9000\u6cbb\u4e4b\uff0c\u8aaa\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u4e4b\u7d93\u5178\u3002\u300d\u0110inh Ph\u00fac B\u1ea3o, Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/em>: \u201cch\u00fang sinh h\u1eefu b\u00e1t v\u1ea1n t\u1ee9 thi\u00ean phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o chi b\u1ec7nh, Ph\u1eadt v\u1ecb th\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb chi, thuy\u1ebft b\u00e1t v\u1ea1n thi\u00ean chi kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> Trong T\u1ef3-ni nh\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng <\/em>c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c, b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t quen thu\u1ed9c: \u201cPh\u1eadt qu\u00e1n nh\u1ea5t b\u00e1t th\u1ee7y, b\u00e1t v\u1ea1n t\u1ee9 thi\u00ean tr\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t tr\u00ec th\u1eed ch\u00fa, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ch\u00fang sinh nh\u1ee5c\u201d (\u4f5b\u89c0\u4e00\u7f3d\u6c34\uff0c<\/em>\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u87f2<\/em>\uff0c<\/em>\u82e5\u4e0d\u6301\u6b64\u5492\uff0c\u5982\u98df\u773e\u751f\u8089). D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a: \u201cPh\u1eadt th\u1ea5y trong m\u1ed7i ly n\u01b0\u1edbc\/ T\u00e1m v\u1ea1n b\u1ed1n ng\u00e0n vi tr\u00f9ng\/ U\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ec t\u00e2m ch\u00fa\/ Nh\u01b0 nu\u1ed1t ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng.\u201d (Th\u00edch Nh\u1eadt T\u1eeb d\u1ecbch). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem T\u1ef3-ni nh\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng <\/em>t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9: http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/tu-sach-dao-phat-ngay-nay\/15896-cam-nang-thuc-tap-chanh-niem-va-khuyen-tu.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> \u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u7d93\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u516b\u842c\u6216\u8aaa\u516b\u842c\u56db\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u7121\u91cf\u884c\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> \u300a\u83ef\u56b4\u7d93\u56db\u5341\u56db\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u70ba\u767c\u5927\u60b2\u5fc3\uff0c\u5177\u8aaa\u516b\u842c\u56db\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a>\u300a\u8ce2\u52ab\u7d93\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u4f5b\u521d\u767c\u81f3\u5206\u820d\u5229\u51e1\u6709\u4e09\u767e\u4e94\u5341\u5ea6\u9580\uff0c\u4e00\u4e00\u7686\u6709\u516d\u5ea6\uff0c\u5408\u4e8c\u5343\u4e00\u767e\uff0c\u53c8\u5c0d\u56db\u5206\uff0c\u5408\u516b\u5343\u56db\u767e\uff0c\u4e00\u8b8a\u5341\u5408\u516b\u842c\u56db \u5343\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a>\u4e01\u798f\u4fdd,\u300a\u4f5b\u5b78\u5927\u8fad\u5178\u300b: \u300c\u897f\u5929\u4e4b\u6cd5\uff0c\u986f\u7269\u4e4b\u591a\u8005\uff0c\u5e38\u8209\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u4e4b\u6578\uff0c\u7565\u4e91\u516b\u842c\uff0c\u5982\u8209\u7169\u60f1\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u66f0\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u4e4b\u5875\u52de\uff0c\u8209\u6559\u9580\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u66f0\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u4e4b\u6cd5\u9580\uff0c\u9808\u5f4c\u4e4b\u9ad8\u6df1\uff0c\u66f0\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u7531\u65ec\uff0c\u975e\u60f3\u5929\u4e4b\u58fd\u547d\uff0c\u52ab\u521d\u4e4b\u4eba\u58fd\u66f0\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6b72\u3002\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> \u300a\u4f5b\u5149\u96fb\u5b50\u5927\u8fad\u5178\u300b: \u300c\u4e43\u6578\u91cf\u6975\u591a\u4e4b\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u3002\u53c8\u4f5c\u516b\u842c\u3002 \u7169\u60f1\u7a2e\u985e\u6975\u591a\uff0c\u55bb\u7a31\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u7169\u60f1\u3001\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5875\u52de\u3002\u4f5b\u6240\u8aaa\u4e4b\u6559\u6cd5\u53ca\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\u81f3\u70ba\u7e41\u8907\uff0c\u6545\u4ea6\u7e3d\u7a31\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6cd5\u9580\uff08\u516b\u842c\u6cd5\u9580\uff09\u3001\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u6cd5\u85cf\uff08\u516b\u842c\u6cd5\u85cf\uff09\u3001\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343 \u6cd5\u860a\uff08\u516b\u842c\u6cd5\u860a\uff09\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> \u300a\u6b62\u89c0\u4e00\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u4e00\u4e00\u5875\u6709\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5875\u52de\u9580\u3002\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> \u4e01\u798f\u4fdd,\u300a\u4f5b\u5b78\u5927\u8fad\u5178\u300b: \u300c\u4ee5\u75c5\u8b6c\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u4e4b\u7169\u60f1\u3002\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> \u9673\u7fa9\u5b5d\u7de8, \u7afa\u6469\u6cd5\u5e2b\u9451\u5b9a, \u300a\u4f5b\u5b78\u5e38\u898b\u8fad\u5f59\u300b: \u300c\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u7684\u7169\u60f1\u3002\u75c5\u5c31\u662f\u7169\u60f1\u7684\u610f\u601d\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> \u300a\u667a\u5ea6\u8ad6\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\uff0c\u80fd\u9664\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u75c5\u6839\u672c\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> \u300a\u4f5b\u5149\u96fb\u5b50\u5927\u8fad\u5178\u300b: \u300c\u4ee5\u7169\u60f1\u80fd\u6c61\u4eba\u4e4b\u771f\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u7169\u52de\uff0c\u6545\u7a31\u5875\u52de\u3002\u4ea6\u5373\u773e\u751f \u88ab\u90aa\u898b\u7169\u60f1\u52de\u5f79\u4e0d\u606f\uff0c\u8f2a\u8f49\u751f\u6b7b\uff0c\u7121\u6709\u76e1\u6642\u3002\u8ad6\u5875\u52de\u4e4b\u6839\u672c\uff0c\u4e0d\u51fa\u5341\u4f7f\uff0c\u96a8\u5404\u4ee5\u4e00\u4f7f\u70ba\u982d\uff0c\u4e5d\u4f7f\u70ba\u52a9\uff0c\u9042\u6210\u4e00\u767e\u3002\u7d04\u4e09\u4e16\u5404\u6709\u4e00\u767e\uff0c\u5171\u6210\u4e09\u767e\u3002\u800c\u73fe\u5728\u4e16\u4e00\u767e\u6642\u4fc3\uff0c \u4e0d\u8ad6\u76f8\u52a9\uff0c\u65bc\u904e\u53bb\u672a\u4f86\u4e8c\u4e16\u4e8c\u767e\uff0c\u53c8\u5404\u4ee5\u4e00\u4f7f\u70ba\u982d\uff0c\u4e5d\u4f7f\u70ba\u52a9\uff0c\u5171\u6210\u4e8c\u5343\uff0c\u5408\u524d\u73fe\u5728\u4e16\u4e00\u767e\uff0c\u5171\u6210\u4e8c\u5343\u4e00\u767e\u3002\u53c8\u7d04\u591a\u8caa\u3001\u591a\u778b\u3001\u591a\u7661\u3001\u7b49\u5206\uff08\u8b02\u8caa\u778b\u7661\u4e09\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e00\u9f4a\u800c \u8d77\uff09\u56db\u7a2e\u773e\u751f\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u4e8c\u5343\u4e00\u767e\uff0c\u5171\u6210\u516b\u5343\u56db\u767e\u3002\u53c8\u7d04\u56db\u5927\u3001\u516d\u8870\uff08\u8b02\u8272\u8072\u9999\u5473\u89f8\u6cd5\u80fd\u8870\u640d\u5584\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u5404\u6709\u516b\u5343\u56db\u767e\uff0c\u7e3d\u6210\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5875\u52de\u3002\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> \u4e01\u798f\u4fdd,\u300a\u4f5b\u5b78\u5927\u8fad\u5178\u300b: \u300c\uff08\u8853\u8a9e\uff09\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u4e4b\u7169\u60f1\u4e5f\uff0c\u5875\u52de\u70ba\u7169\u60f1\u4e4b\u7570\u540d\uff0c\u4ee5\u7169\u60f1\u6c61\u4eba\u4e4b\u771f\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u7169\u52de\u4e5f\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a>  Bao g\u1ed3m: 1. X\u00fac, 2. Th\u1ecd, 3. T\u01b0\u1edfng, 4. T\u00e1c \u00dd, 5. Nh\u1ea5t \u0110i\u1ec3m, 6. M\u1ea1ng C\u0103n, 7. Ch\u00fa \u00dd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a>  Bao g\u1ed3m: 1. T\u1ea7m, 2. S\u00e1t, 3. X\u00e1c \u0110\u1ecbnh, 4. Tinh T\u1ea5n, 5. Ph\u1ec9, 6. D\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a>  Bao g\u1ed3m: 1. T\u00edn, 2. Ni\u1ec7m, 3. T\u00e0m, 4. Qu\u00fd, 5. Kh\u00f4ng- Tham, 6. Kh\u00f4ng-S\u00e2n, 7. X\u1ea3, 8. T\u00e2m S\u1edf V\u1eafng L\u1eb7ng, 9. T\u00e2m V\u1eafng L\u1eb7ng, 10. T\u00e2m S\u1edf Khinh An, 11. T\u00e2m Khinh An, 12. T\u00e2m S\u1edf Nhu Thu\u1eadn, 13. T\u00e2m Nhu Thu\u1eadn, 14. T\u00e2m S\u1edf Th\u00edch \u1ee8ng, 15. T\u00e2m Th\u00edch \u1ee8ng, 16. T\u00e2m S\u1edf Tinh Luy\u1ec7n, 17. T\u00e2m Tinh Luy\u1ec7n, 18. T\u00e2m S\u1edf Ch\u00e1nh Tr\u1ef1c, 19. T\u00e2m Ch\u00e1nh Tr\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> Bao g\u1ed3m: 1. Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef, 2. Ch\u00e1nh Nghi\u1ec7p, 3. Ch\u00e1nh M\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> Xem Th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp y<\/em>\u1ebf<\/em>u lu\u1eadn <\/em>do HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i http:\/\/www.tuvienquangduc.com.au\/luan\/23thangphap.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> \u300a\u89c0\u7121\u91cf\u58fd\u7d93\u300b: \u300c\u963f\u5f4c\u9640\u4f5b\u6709\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u76f8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e00\u76f8\u7686\u6089\u838a\u56b4\u7f8e\u597d\uff0c\u53ef\u653e\u51fa\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5149\u660e\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> \u300a\u89c0\u7121\u91cf\u58fd\u7d93\u300b: \u300c\u7121\u91cf\u58fd\u4f5b\u6709\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u76f8\uff0c\u4e00\u4e00\u76f8\u5404\u6709\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u96a8\u5f62\u597d\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> \u4e01\u798f\u4fdd,\u300a\u4f5b\u5b78\u5927\u8fad\u5178\u300b: \u300c\u5c0d\u65bc\u52a3\u61c9\u8eab\uff08\u5373\u5316\u8eab\u4f5b\uff09\u4e4b\u4e09\u5341\u4e8c\u76f8\u516b\u5341\u7a2e\u597d\uff0c\u800c\u52dd\u61c9\u8eab\u6709\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u4e4b\u76f8\u8207\u597d\u3002\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> \u300a\u5f80\u751f\u8981\u96c6\u5377\u4e0a\u300b: \u300c\u7121\u9593\u5730\u7344\u7e31\u5ee3\u7d04\u70ba\u516b\u842c\u7531\u65ec\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u82e6\u4e4b\u5177\u4ea6\u6709\u516b \u842c\u56db\u5343\u7a2e\uff0c\u6545\u4ea6\u7a31\u516b\u842c\u5730\u7344\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> \u9673\u7fa9\u5b5d\u7de8, \u7afa\u6469\u6cd5\u5e2b\u9451\u5b9a, \u300a\u4f5b\u5b78\u5e38\u898b\u8fad\u5f59\u300b: \u300c\u5f62\u5bb9\u6578\u76ee\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5370\u5ea6\u4eba\u6240\u5e38\u8209\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u7fd2\u6163\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f5b\u7d93\u4e0a\u4ea6\u7fd2\u7528\u6b64\u53e5\u4f86\u8aaa\u6578\u76ee\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u4e00\u500b\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u7684\u78ba\u5b9a\u6578\u76ee\u3002\u300d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> \u300a\u4f5b\u5149\u96fb\u5b50\u5927\u8fad\u5178\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u8b02\u591a\u6578\u4e4b\u5bfa\u5854\u3002\u64da\u5584\u898b\u5f8b\u6bd8\u5a46\u6c99\u5377\u4e00\u8b02\u4f5b\u6ec5\u5f8c\uff0c\u963f\u80b2\u738b\u4f5c\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5bf6\u5854\uff0c\u5b89\u5949\u4f5b\u820d\u5229\u3002\u53c8\u6cd5\u986f\u50b3\u53ca\u5927\u5510\u897f\u57df\u8a18\u5747\u8f09\u6b64\u8aaa\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> \u300a\u6cd5\u83ef\u7d93\u85e5\u738b\u54c1\u300b:\u300c\u706b\u6ec5\u5df2\u5f8c\uff0c\u6536\u53d6\u820d\u5229\uff0c\u4f5c\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5bf6\u7f3e\uff0c\u4ee5\u8d77\u516b\u842c\u56db\u5343\u5854\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> Danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c s\u1eafc d\u1ee5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Edicts_of_Ashoka<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> Xem trang nh\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y: http:\/\/www.katinkahesselink.net\/tibet\/asoka-locations.htm<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a>  Danh s\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 Asoka c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pillars_of_Ashoka<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Vin. I. 9; S. V. 421; D. II. 312; M. I. 61; M. III. 251; Vbh. 235.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Xem th\u00eam, Th\u00edch Nh\u1eadt T\u1eeb, Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e1nh g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, <\/em>tr\u00ean trang nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt Ng\u00e0y Nay: http:\/\/www.buddhismtoday.com\/viet\/phatphap\/095-tnt-duongthanh.htm<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a> Vin. I. 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[49]<\/a> To\u00e0n Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa <\/em>do Th\u00edch Nh\u1eadt T\u1eeb d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy c\u1eadp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ch\u1ec9 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/tu-sach-dao-phat-ngay-nay\/15925-6-kinh-loi-vang-phat-day.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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II .\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt C\u00f3 84.000 Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n V\u1eady Tu Ph\u00e1p N\u00e0o M\u1edbi \u0110\u00fang Theo L\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt D\u1ea1y | S\u01b0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

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