{"id":1504,"date":"2020-09-04T17:41:21","date_gmt":"2020-09-04T17:41:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1504"},"modified":"2020-09-04T17:55:37","modified_gmt":"2020-09-04T17:55:37","slug":"giao-phap-cua-duc-phat-bi-chia-re-thanh-cac-ton-phai-trong-dong-lich-su-p1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/04\/giao-phap-cua-duc-phat-bi-chia-re-thanh-cac-ton-phai-trong-dong-lich-su-p1\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c T\u00f4n Ph\u00e1i trong d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (P1)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, n\u00ean c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef m\u1ef1c: \u0103n chay, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt (L\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 Di-\u0110\u00e0), t\u1ee5ng kinh, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd l\u00e2m chung, c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn r\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng v\u1eeba s\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng phu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nay c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ee9t \u1ea5y, th\u00ec c\u00f2n t\u00ecm \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 ch\u1edb c\u0169ng h\u01a1n ti\u1ec7m tu, b\u1edfi n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1edb x\u00e1c th\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, Trung th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1edfi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9, n\u00ean&nbsp;<strong>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t<\/strong>, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 Gotama.&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng<strong>&nbsp;lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd<\/strong>, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u1ee9 \u1ea9n vi trong \u0111\u00f3; ai t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng l\u00fd nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u s\u00e2u k\u00edn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tu\u1ec7, m\u1edbi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i huy\u1ec1n vi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o. Tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 m\u1ea7u, th\u1ea7y m\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m \u1ea5n cho, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p qua \u0111\u1eddi sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1o b\u00ed \u1ea9n, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t; c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft ra c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng l\u1ed1i b\u00ed \u1ea9n, cho n\u00ean khi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ed5 qua \u0111\u1eddi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p, kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, \u0111o\u00e0n h\u1eadu t\u1ea5n t\u00f9y theo tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c nhau, tr\u00fang th\u00ec nh\u1edd, sai th\u00ec ch\u1ecbu. Th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o; n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p T\u1ed5 t\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy kh\u00f4ng ai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn \u01b0a th\u00edch h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o, hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh T\u1ed5 n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t cao si\u00eau, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i k\u00e9m ph\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 H\u00e1n v\u0103n, n\u00ean tuy c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng xem kinh h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a l\u00fd x\u00e2u xa, n\u00ean ch\u01b0a g\u1eb7p ai ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o li\u1ec5u ph\u00e1p. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf trong v\u00f2ng l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi. Khi g\u1eb7p nhau th\u00ec c\u1eadt v\u1ea5n lu\u1eadn bi\u1ec7n, vui th\u00fa v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea7u. K\u1ebb th\u1ea5p th\u1eeba d\u1ecbp h\u1ecdc th\u00eam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ed n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u, t\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cao h\u1ee9ng trong m\u1ed9ng huy\u1ec1n vi, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c ch\u01b0a ai n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o. Cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.&nbsp;<strong>B\u1ecf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong>, ai n\u00f3i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc tu\u1ec7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n Ph\u1eadt<\/strong>. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;<strong>s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n Ph\u1eadt ch\u0103ng?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xem qua nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc sau \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 ba th\u1eeba, ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp suy x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh n\u1ebbo t\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-vaibhashika-cau-xa-tong-tong-nay-lay-tang-luan-lam-nen-tang\">1) Vaibh\u0101shika: C\u00e2u X\u00e1 t\u00f4ng \u2013 T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadn&nbsp;l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i, trong khi&nbsp;<strong>k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3o l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, do \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Kassapa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt.<\/strong>&nbsp;Qua \u0111\u1eddi Ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf Asoka, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III, tr\u01b0\u1edbc Giat\u00f4, ph\u00e1i B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 Sthavir\u0101vada (hay l\u00e0 Therav\u0101da) chia Ph\u00e1p ra hai ph\u1ea7n: Kinh (Suttas) v\u00e0 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p (Abhidhamma). Ph\u1ea7n Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p vi t\u1ebf cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i cho Ph\u1eadt M\u1eabu v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean nghe, trong h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 7, v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m, S\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m, S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch h\u01a1n 400 n\u0103m v\u1ec1 sau, th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn Sarv\u0101stivada (T\u00e1t B\u00e0 \u0110a Sa) d\u1ef1a theo T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, l\u00e0m ra m\u1ed9t T\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Sanskrit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng Vasubandhu (Thi\u00eanTh\u00e2n), m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd h\u1ecdc sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Peshawer, x\u1ee9 Gandhara, thu\u1ed9c mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, l\u1eadp ra ph\u00e1i Vaibh\u0101shika (C\u00e2u-X\u00e1-t\u00f4ng), n\u1ed1i truy\u1ec1n cho ph\u00e1i Sarv\u0101stivada, vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o khoa, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Abhidharma Koca Castra, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma C\u00e2u-x\u00e1-lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kho ch\u1ee9a huy\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI (563), \u00f4ng Paramartina (Ch\u01a1n \u0110\u1ebf) truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 C\u00e2u-X\u00e1-t\u00f4ng qua Trung Hoa v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch b\u1ed9 A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma C\u00e2u-x\u00e1-lu\u1eadn ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi l\u00fd do g\u00ec, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 654 th\u1ea7y Huy\u1ec1n Trang ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: Kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u1eadn bi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n, nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u-X\u00e1-t\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thi\u00ean qua duy v\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u00e0: kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ta, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1i ta. C\u00e1i ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Ch\u00ednh n\u0103m u\u1ea9n m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, v\u00ec n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, tr\u1eeb ra nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p m\u1edbi coi l\u00e0 b\u00e0o \u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Linh h\u1ed3n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia s\u1ebd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho v\u1eadt c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta, r\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m ra c\u00e1i ta, nh\u01b0 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c. N\u0103m nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ra 18 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 75 \u0111\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 vi t\u1ebf n\u1eefa; Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 72 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 3 lo\u1ea1i ngo\u00e0i ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 hai tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9, C\u00e2u-X\u00e1-t\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i tin c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 duy v\u1eadt. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc si\u00eau nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t trong h\u01b0 v\u00f4, cho n\u00ean Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo B\u1eafc Ph\u1ea1n (Sanskrit) ch\u1eef Vaibh\u0101shika c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 minh thuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ee7 cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ra th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. \u00d4ng Vasubandhu (Thi\u00ean Th\u00e2n) mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 cho ra ch\u01a1n l\u00fd. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai tu ch\u1ee9ng, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf th\u1eeba. \u00d4ng bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi anh \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Asanga (V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc) l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp xem qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-sautrantika-thanh-that-tong\">2) Sautrantika: Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u1eadp ra trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, do \u00f4ng Kum\u0101ralahdha (C\u01b0u-ma-la-\u0111a). Danh t\u1eeb Sautr\u0101ntika ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u00e1t minh sau khi kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u b\u1ed9 Abhidhamma (Vi di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea9u kh\u1ea9u t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u00ean Harivarman (Ha l\u1ef9 b\u1ea1t ma) vi\u1ebft ra cu\u1ed1n Satyasiddhi Castra: Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u01a1n l\u00fd r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V (411) c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Kum\u0101rajiva (C\u01b0u-ma-la- th\u1eadp) truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt t\u00f4ng qua T\u00e0u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch quy\u1ec3n Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt Lu\u1eadn ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII (625), m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n t\u00ean Eikwan (Ki\u1ebft T\u1ea1n) qua Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u quy\u1ec3n \u1ea5y \u0111em v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng Ho\u00e0ng Sh\u00f4toku Taishi truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp nh\u00e2n gian, d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 J\u00f4 Jitsou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt t\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc si\u00eau ph\u00e0m, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n: C\u00e1i ve kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ef1ng chi h\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i chi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ta. Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ve ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo Ph\u1eadt Gotama,&nbsp;<strong>c\u00e1i ta l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0 ch\u1edbp nho\u00e1ng<\/strong>. Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt t\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong s\u00e1t-na th\u00f4i. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3, b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00f3, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; v\u1eeba sanh, l\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t \u0111i. M\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, t\u00e2m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 kh\u00fac d\u00e2y lu\u1ed9t b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ea7u kia c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m v\u00e0 qu\u00e2y tr\u00f2n. M\u1eaft d\u00f2m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng l\u1eeda. V\u00f2ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb (m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh), sanh ra b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1eeda li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp. V\u00f2ng l\u1eeda li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i x\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9. C\u00e1c h\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec1u ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nhau, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb k\u1ebft ch\u00f9m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t x\u00e2u. C\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 con s\u00f4ng, th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp nhau th\u00f4i. M\u1eaft th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp ra m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng gi\u00e0, l\u00e0 ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n nhau. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 chi b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ta. Nh\u01b0ng, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e1i ta \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, n\u00f3 v\u1eabn bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y n\u00f3, nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n t\u1ef1 r\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt t\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00f3, l\u00e0 do h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m.<br>\u00d4ng Hariwarman (Ha-l\u1ef9-b\u1ea1t-ma) c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1i ti\u1ebfng ta c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00f4i, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o m\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u01a1n m\u1ed9ng trong khi th\u1ee9c th\u00f4i. Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ta. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 b\u00e0o \u1ea3nh trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t-na, m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5n tu\u1ed3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p tan li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp, t\u00f9y theo s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, do nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 tung t\u00e1n, cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hu\u1eddn l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean b\u1ed5n, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u1ebfp theo thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng, \u00f4ng Ha-l\u1ef9-b\u1ea1t-ma bi\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t qua ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; b\u1edfi Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi ch\u1ebft, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng tan r\u00e3 nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i chi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea1t, kh\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gotama l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u1ea3o thuy\u1ebft \u00e0? N\u1ebfu trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u1ea7n chi ph\u1ea3i xem kinh, c\u1ea7n chi ph\u1ea3i tham thi\u1ec1n, c\u1ea7n chi ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. R\u1ed3i \u00f4ng Ha-l\u1ef9-b\u1ea1t-ma k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau, v\u1eady thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i, thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o qu\u1ea5y? Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1eady ta n\u00ean nghe l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi lu\u1eadn xu\u00f4i r\u1ed3i lu\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd h\u1ecdc Ha-l\u1ef9- b\u1ea1t-ma nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng bi\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tia s\u00e1ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean: H\u00e3y tin n\u01a1i l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0. Lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y c\u00f3 v\u1ebb th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed5 \u00edch cho s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o, t\u00f9y theo gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed ph\u00e0m nh\u01a1n, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea7n&nbsp;<strong>ph\u1ea3i tu gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7<\/strong>&nbsp;m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u01a1n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng Ha-l\u1ef9-b\u1ea1t-ma d\u1eebng ch\u01a1n c\u0169ng v\u1eeba; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u1ebd \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-vinaya-luat-tong\">3) Vinaya: Lu\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2013 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i Kusinara, Ph\u1eadt Gotama \u0111\u00e3 di ch\u00fac cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u:&nbsp;\u201c<em>Sau khi Nh\u01b0 Lai di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c con h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu h\u00e0nh ch\u1edb n\u00ean d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01b0a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh, hai ch\u1eef \u201cd\u1ec3 du\u00f4i\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.&nbsp;<strong>Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/strong>. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4i th\u00fac cho l\u1ee5c c\u0103n thanh t\u1ecbnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 tu \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu hu\u1ec7 h\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng duy tr\u00ec Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u01b0a th\u00edch t\u1ef1 do ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang theo ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c trong khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta m\u1edbi t\u00e1ch ra l\u1eadp ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ec3 canh c\u1ea3i cho b\u1edbt ph\u1ea7n nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n b\u1ec1 quay tr\u1edf theo d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng. Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ea5m, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2u n\u1ea1p ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. Sau l\u1ea1i, khi t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecd l\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt ri\u00eang b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef Sanskrit. L\u1ebd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fat \u00edt th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 250 kho\u1ea3n (lu\u1eadt T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 253), nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt 23 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt. C\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadt T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn l\u1eadp ra trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 844 t\u1edbi 1088 sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft- b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 \u00f4ng Dharmakala (\u0110\u00e0m Ma Ca La) t\u1ee5c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Th\u1eddi, \u0111em Lu\u1eadt t\u00f4ng qua T\u00e0u truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V, \u00f4ng Bhuddhayacas (Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e0 Da X\u00e0 hay l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c Minh) phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ra H\u00e1n v\u0103n. Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VIII (754), Lu\u1eadt t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n sang Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n, d\u01b0\u1edbi hi\u1ec7u Ritsu, b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u00ean Ganjin (\u0110\u1ea1o Tuy\u00ean).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e0u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1ef1t, \u00edt ch\u1ecbu giam m\u00ecnh trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tinh t\u1ea5n l\u1eafm, ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ea5m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ra sao. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0&nbsp;<strong>gi\u1ea5u m\u1ea5t t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 d\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng cho c\u01b0 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u<\/strong>. S\u1ee3 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebft Lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia, d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd; h\u1ecd c\u00f2n h\u0103m d\u1ecda: n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee1 ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 t\u0103ng c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cho; b\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea1m v\u1edbi t\u0103ng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai che ch\u1edf, \u1eaft ph\u1ea3i sa \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng s\u1ee3 th\u00eam, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ai d\u00e1m t\u1ecdc m\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y tha h\u1ed3 ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi. Sau n\u00e0y nh\u1edd c\u00f3 H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ho\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n, n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd c\u00f3 v\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111em gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ra gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i cho t\u0103ng ni nghe. Nghe \u0111\u1ec3 cho bi\u1ebft, ch\u1edb c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a d\u00e1m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n e l\u1ec7, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 can \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, b\u1edfi x\u01b0a nay h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng cao rao r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, n\u1ebfu tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, s\u1ee3 h\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1edbi Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00e3 quen t\u1ef1 do ph\u00f3ng t\u00fang, c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c c\u1ed9t tr\u00f3i th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u trong v\u00f2ng k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt g\u1eaft gao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t khi bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m qu\u1ea5y, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 theo c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh. V\u00ec t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd cho th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh gi\u1eef v\u1eefng tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u0169ng vui l\u00f2ng nghe theo. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0o h\u00e0ng m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, n\u00ean c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng m\u1ec9a mai: c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y th\u00edch tu theo t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 theo Ph\u1eadt. X\u00e9t ra h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edd t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1ng cho qua ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nay c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a, v\u00ec s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n cho t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 trong s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u01b0 s\u0129. N\u00ean trong lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y l\u1eadp ra c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: m\u1ed7i khi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ebfn xin th\u1ecd \u01b0u b\u00e0 t\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u sau m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi t\u1eed, th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201cGi\u1edbi \u01b0u b\u00e0 t\u1eafc th\u1eadt r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. M\u1ed9t khi ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u0103m gi\u1edbi th\u00ec trong v\u00f4 bi\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecda ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c, ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u201d&nbsp;<sup>(1)<\/sup>. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o h\u0103m d\u1ecda cho gi\u1edbi t\u1eed gh\u00ea s\u1ee3, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u00e8o b\u1ed3ng. Ph\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u nh\u00e1t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ca t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, cho t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, trong s\u1ea1ch, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(1)&nbsp; Ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i gia c\u00f2n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u00e1 gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e0nh r\u1eb1ng:&nbsp;<strong>ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t tr\u00ec nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean l\u1ed9 tri\u1ec7t<\/strong>. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e2u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, r\u0103n \u0111e nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd quy gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tr\u1ee5y l\u1ea1c, h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng cho h\u1ecd h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n r\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n ng\u00f5, cho t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i b\u1ecb h\u0103m d\u1ecda, l\u00e0m cho t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3 r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c. Rung nh\u00e1t h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ebd c\u00f4ng khai khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf: C\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng li\u1ec7u s\u1ee9c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i n\u0103m gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec n\u00ean gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0i c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai bi\u1ebft ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m l\u00e0 g\u00ec, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi ra sao. C\u1ea3 th\u1ea7y l\u1eabn tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ed3ng chung m\u1ed9t xu\u1ed3ng, c\u00f2n ai d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 ai, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn. T\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u01b0 con chi\u00ean, th\u1ea7y n\u00f3i sao hay v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu gia c\u00f4ng tham kh\u1ea3o Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean th\u1eddi bu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ecdn d\u1ed1i th\u1ebf g\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng. G\u1eb7p \u0111\u1eddi vua n\u00e0o s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, b\u1ecdn \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 vua A D\u1ee5c (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) v\u00e0 vua L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ebf (T\u00e0u) hai phen tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ea5y v\u1ea1n k\u00fd sanh tr\u00f9ng, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y u\u1ebf m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, r\u1ed3i th\u1ee9 s\u00e2u m\u1ecdt \u1ea5y c\u0169ng n\u1ea3y sanh l\u1ea1i. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin gieo gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i t\u1ed9i duy tr\u00ec ung th\u01b0 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong H\u1ea1nh Ph\u00fac kinh, Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y:&nbsp;<strong>S\u1ef1 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i gia, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong>. X\u1ee9 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia, x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea1nh h\u00e0nh. T\u0103ng t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft lu\u1eadt tu theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, hai b\u00ean n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh l\u1eabn nhau. Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f2m ng\u00f3, n\u00ean c\u1ed1 lo tr\u00f2n ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 tinh t\u1ea5n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u1edf k\u1ebf c\u1eadn nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf lu\u00f4n khi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n ng\u00f4i Tam b\u1ea3o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1, c\u1ee9 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c cho m\u1ea5y \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y v\u1ebd r\u1eafn v\u1ebd r\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea3o chi l\u00e0m n\u1ea5y, lui cui ra ti\u1ec1n cho m\u1ea5y \u1ed5ng ch\u00f4n s\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y b\u00f9n l\u1ea7y. Ai mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia c\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 ti\u1ec7n c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eafp y, ai mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u1ee9 mua \u00e1o m\u00e3o mang v\u00f4. C\u00f3 k\u1ebb l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, c\u1ea7m t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng mang b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee9ng lim dim n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00f3c ch\u1ee3, kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Theo lu\u1eadt Ph\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n, trong T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;<strong>H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, Y\u1ebft ma, Gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd<\/strong>, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 c\u1ea7m t\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;<sup>(2)<\/sup>&nbsp;\u0111i trong ch\u00e2u th\u00e0nh, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3 xin \u0103n&nbsp;<sup>(3)<\/sup>. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy hi\u1ec3m r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn. Ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n kh\u00eau g\u1ee3i cho k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c khinh khi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o tu h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00e0 \u0103n c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1 t\u00e1nh, th\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1eaft n\u1ea5u ra cho \u0111\u1ecf nu\u1ed1t v\u00e0o b\u1ee5ng c\u00f2n h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kinh lu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh. Ch\u01b0a th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kinh lu\u1eadt, xin ai kia ch\u1edb d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian, m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp di s\u1ea3n (s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho h\u00e0ng T\u0103ng b\u1ea3o ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh v\u1ecb lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(2) T\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1eady th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m tay l\u00fac \u0111i trong r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ee1 g\u1ea1t th\u00fa d\u1eef v\u00e0 r\u1eafn r\u00edt.<\/em><br><em>(3) Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u00f3c ch\u1ee3 xin c\u01a1m chay \u0103n m\u00e0y.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd ph\u00e1i T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o. Tr\u1ecdn 250 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m th\u00e2u trong s\u1ef1 \u0103n chay \u0103n l\u1ea1t. \u0102n chay \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t sanh, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb bi b\u00e1c \u00e1i. \u0102n chay l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n h\u1ea1p v\u1ec7 sinh, c\u1ea7n \u00edch cho s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu&nbsp;\u0103n chay m\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eang c\u1eed n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0i tu Ph\u1eadt. Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u thanh t\u1ecbnh, \u0103n chay l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdng chay khinh gi\u1edbi, th\u00ec c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u201c\u0103n\u201d hay sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y: \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p gi\u1edbi n\u00ean, d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, ch\u1edb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi. B\u1eadc si\u00eau ph\u00e0m li\u1ec5u \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y, ai l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng tin. M\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd, b\u1edfi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p, m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0103n chay, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p chay b\u1ecf gi\u1edbi ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00edch: Ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu Ph\u1eadt (Tr\u00f9ng Quang C\u01b0 S\u0129)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-theravada\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/phatgiaonguyenthuy.org\/giao-phap-cua-duc-phat-bi-chia-re-thanh-cac-ton-phai-trong-dong-lich-su-p1\/#3-vinaya-luat-tong\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, n\u00ean c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef m\u1ef1c: \u0103n chay, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt (L\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 Di-\u0110\u00e0), t\u1ee5ng kinh, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1505,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84,101],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1504","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lich-su-dao-phat","category-phat-giao-nguyen-thuy-dong-truyen-thua"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1504","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1504"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1504\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1506,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1504\/revisions\/1506"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1505"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1504"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1504"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1504"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1504"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}