{"id":1510,"date":"2020-09-04T17:50:00","date_gmt":"2020-09-04T17:50:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1510"},"modified":"2020-09-04T17:55:20","modified_gmt":"2020-09-04T17:55:20","slug":"giao-phap-cua-duc-phat-bi-chia-re-thanh-cac-ton-phai-trong-dong-lich-su-p3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/04\/giao-phap-cua-duc-phat-bi-chia-re-thanh-cac-ton-phai-trong-dong-lich-su-p3\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb chia r\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c T\u00f4n Ph\u00e1i trong d\u00f2ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed (P3)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Avatamsaka: Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Kinh Avatamsaka (Hoa Nghi\u00eam) l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Long Th\u1ecd lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Cunya (Ch\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng), h\u1ed3i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft Bhuta Tathata (Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Acvaghosa (M\u00e3 Minh), trong th\u0301\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II. B\u1edfi hai thuy\u1ebft ch\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh hay Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhau, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea7m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh t\u00f4ng hay Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ef1 T\u00e1nh t\u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang cho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng Acvaghosa: M\u00e3 Minh, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Caketa, trong t\u1ec9nh Oude, gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a vua Kaniahka, tr\u1ecb v\u00ec x\u1ee9 Behar. Nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Long Th\u1ecd khuy\u1ebfn d\u1ee5 \u00f4ng gia nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n theo \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng M\u00e3 Minh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a: quy\u1ec3n Buddha Carita (Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u00e0nh t\u00e1n), l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp thi ca khen ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Quy\u1ec3n Mah\u0101y\u0101na Craddhotp\u0101da (\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u1edfi t\u00edn lu\u1eadn, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft Bhuta Tath\u0101t\u0101 (Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh). Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft ch\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Long Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Thuy\u1ebft A-l\u1ea1i- da th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng M\u00e3 Minh b\u00e0y ra, sau l\u1ea1i \u00f4ng V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn th\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng M\u00e3 Minh ph\u00e2n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ra hai c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh. Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n xu\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a sanh m\u1ea1ng. L\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed \u00f3c (1)<\/sup> m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4i. T\u00f9y theo m\u1ed7i bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1eb7t cho n\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i tinh hoa c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh (Bhuta Tath\u0101t\u0101), v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p (Dharma), v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 (bodhi), v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (Niryana), v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t theo tri\u1ec1u l\u01b0u v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (Prajha). V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p C\u00f3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p Kh\u00f4ng, g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 (Cunyata), v\u1ec1 ph\u00f4i ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng (Tath\u0101gatagarb\u0101).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u in nhau.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 quan, v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m kh\u00e1ch quan, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng hay c\u00e1i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ngo\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tin th\u1ea7n, Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh v\u1eeba l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, l\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng m\u00f9 m\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng ranh gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n minh, mu\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng so s\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u00f3ng chao tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u00f4ng M\u00e3 Minh th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ea1ng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 sanh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00f2n h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i A l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 sanh c\u1ee7a ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hai b\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u1eabn m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng M\u00e3 Minh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i khai th\u00e1c cho \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd phi\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n c\u0169 k\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. Ch\u00ednh trong kinh Upanishads (\u01afu-ba-ni-tat) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u: T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i hai, n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng bi\u1ec3n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ee9t th\u1ec3.
\u00d4ng M\u00e3 Minh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c, thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng B\u00e0-la- m\u00f4n n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u00f4ng d\u00f9ng t\u00e0i bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn, g\u1ea1t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o theo v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. Trong quy\u1ec3n Buddha carita (Ph\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u00e0nh t\u00e2n) \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng tru\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf v\u00e0o ng\u00f4i v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XX, trong gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c Cao Ly, Trung Hoa, Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0u m\u00f4 x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra k\u00eau g\u00e0o t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean b\u1ed5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 T\u00e0u t\u00ean Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a nguy nga tr\u00ean n\u00fai Thi\u00ean Thai, t\u1ea1i t\u1ec9nh Chi\u1ebft Giang. \u00d4ng l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng m\u1edbi c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng (570). \u00d4ng chi\u1ebft trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng, Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n Na t\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp ra m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoan nghinh \u01b0a th\u00edch. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 805 c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u0103ng Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n t\u00ean Dengyo Daishi qua T\u00e0u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng c\u0169ng theo g\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i, ch\u1ecdn h\u00f2n n\u00fai Hieizan, l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ee9t, t\u00ean Enryakuji, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn chia ra hai phe \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi, m\u1ed9t phe nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i; phe kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi h\u1ebft, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ef1 T\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 dung h\u00f2a c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean. V\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ef1 T\u00e1nh, mu\u1ed1n lu\u1eadn xu\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng xong. D\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd b\u00e0i b\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1, r\u1ed3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n. Th\u00e0nh ra Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t hoan h\u1ef7, d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i m\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng lo ngh\u0129 bao la, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i b\u1eadn tr\u00ed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xa v\u1eddi, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i an nh\u00e0n, th\u00ec b\u1ec1 tu t\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e1nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mau ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh. T\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, c\u0169ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i C\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 trong \u1ea5y C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong khi t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong danh hi\u1ec7u Ph\u1eadt, d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ee9t. Theo h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt th\u00ec s\u00fac v\u1eadt, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1 th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3i, qu\u1ea5y, h\u01b0, th\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t khi v\u00e0o l\u00f2 Thi\u00ean Thai r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u1ebft c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n, xung kh\u1eafc, h\u1ebft c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao th\u1ea5p, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ra m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng in nhau; Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1i Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1 tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ph\u00e1i n\u1ecd, T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c T\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c, cho n\u00ean Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0. Khi g\u1eb7p qu\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1i qu\u1ea5y, l\u00fac g\u1ea7n t\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5m theo t\u00e0; th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i, h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f2i theo c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i, g\u1eb7p ch\u00e1nh, r\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i ch\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 suy x\u00e9t ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0o c\u0169ng theo, t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt; v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ee9t, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf gian b\u00e0i b\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn, T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p, gi\u1eef t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh theo v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt. L\u00e0m s\u00e1i t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1ed9i s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01a1n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4ng hay M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng hay Ph\u00f9 Ch\u00fa gi\u00e1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 cho s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Th\u1ea7n B\u00ed gi\u00e1o, b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai th\u00e1c r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y n\u00f3 c\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 th\u00eam l\u00ean. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edbi trong s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ch\u01a1n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Long Th\u1ecd. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u1ec1 t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u00d4.\u00d4.Nagabodhi (Long Tr\u00ed), Vajrabodhi (Kim Cang Tr\u00ed), Amoghavajra (B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng Kim Cang).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 719 \u00f4ng Kim Cang Tr\u00ed qua T\u00e0u truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng. Qua n\u0103m 733, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng B\u1ea5t Kh\u00f4ng Kim Cang n\u1ed1i g\u00f3t theo th\u1ea7y qua T\u00e0u. Hai th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2 chung lo ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, th\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qua n\u0103m 805, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt t\u00ean K\u00f4b\u00f4 Daishi sang T\u00e0u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111em v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 l\u1eadp ra ph\u00e1i Shingon, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a K\u00f4yasan. Ch\u00f9a n\u00e0y th\u1edd Adibouddha (B\u1ed1 Di S\u01a1 Ph\u1eadt) v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 ch\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, c\u00e1i th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i hay c\u00e1i tinh hoa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Maha Vairocana (\u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1ef1t Ph\u1eadt). Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. M\u1ed1i li\u00ean quan gi\u1eefa Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u do ba (2)<\/sup> \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u, v\u1ec1 \u00fd . Ph\u00e1t gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt n\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi si\u00eau h\u00ecnh (3)<\/sup> c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1ef1t Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1ef1t Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i To\u00e0n Tri, H\u00f3a C\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh: Tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00fa \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i (4)<\/sup>, cho \u0111\u1ebfn trong h\u1ed9t c\u00e1t, trong nh\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 sinh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n vi t\u1ebf trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) B\u00ed m\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u00fd c\u1ee7a linh ph\u00f9, v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n ng\u00f4n th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa, v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n.<\/em>
(3) Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ee3p h\u00f3a si\u00eau h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo D\u00f9 D\u00e0.<\/em>
(4) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1ef1t Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, khi th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt sanh h\u00f3a. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 t\u00f4n m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i t\u00f9y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ma thu\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng linh ph\u00f9, ch\u01a1n ng\u00f4n th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi si\u00eau tho\u00e1t sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng c\u00f2n k\u00eau l\u00e0 Kim Cang t\u00f4ng. Hai ch\u1eef Kim Cang c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a: h\u1ed9t xo\u00e0ng, s\u00e9t (b\u00faa) c\u1ee7a Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n, quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u1ecdc \u1ea5n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u1ea7m tay trong khi h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5, ph\u00f9 hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Kim Cang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh mau l\u1eb9. Tu theo h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e3i qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9, tu theo Kim Cang th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt trong nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft. Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c trau d\u1ed3i h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p c\u00f3 v\u1ee3, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0, trong khi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, bi\u1ebft c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng m\u1edf mang tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng sai. D\u1ea7u tin hay kh\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 linh nghi\u1ec7m huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, trong l\u00fac ni\u1ec7m ph\u00f9 b\u1eaft \u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng linh, th\u00ec c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt, t\u00ean Tomika Kojun c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft trong quy\u1ec3n Kim Cang (Himitsu Hyakuwa) nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed9c di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i g\u00ecn gi\u1eef n\u00f3 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n l\u1ecdc cho n\u00f3 tinh vi. Khi n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f3t n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ean n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y qua b\u00ean kia; t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, khi n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m, n\u00f3 h\u1ebft c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt n\u1eefa. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e3i qua bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng Aryadeva (\u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0), \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Long Th\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng thau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng y, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft s\u01a1n n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp s\u01a1n huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, b\u1ef1c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 v\u1eadt h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. T\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0m say \u0111\u1eafm ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n trong ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 th\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng tranh \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i tu v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n. N\u01a1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Di \u0110\u00e0. Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca c\u0169ng c\u1ea5m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef tr\u00f2n trinh ti\u1ebft. C\u01b0 s\u0129 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1m ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1ea1m, m\u00e0 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i xem s\u1ef1 giao c\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o c\u00f5i si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, khi r\u00e8n \u0111\u00fac tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u00fa t\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n \u1edf v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1ecb b\u1ee9ng g\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i, t\u1ea1i N\u00e9pal c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y tu \u1edf chung v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 trong ch\u00f9a, tu s\u0129 \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y t\u1edbi gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Tam b\u1ea3o. Th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt g\u1ed7 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0n n\u0103m mu\u00f4n ki\u1ebfp, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd th\u1ea7y m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u00f4ng. C\u00f3 v\u1eadt chi qu\u00fd b\u00e1u ph\u1ea3i d\u00e2ng c\u00fang cho th\u1ea7y: v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng voi, t\u00f4i t\u1edb cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p, con xinh. Th\u1ea7y th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y b\u00f9a ch\u00fa, \u1ea5n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ed m\u1eadt si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. Kinh s\u00e1ch to\u00e0n d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi u u\u1ea9n, b\u00f9a ch\u00fa k\u1ef3 qu\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh Samyutta Nikaya d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd, l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 d\u00ednh theo h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng theo h\u00ecnh. M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, l\u1eadp ra ba ph\u00e1p huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p do th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd t\u1ea1o ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u01a1n ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt. Mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1ef1t Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc: a-va-ra-ha-kha. A l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t; va l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; ra l\u00e0 l\u1eeda; ha l\u00e0 gi\u00f3; kha l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng. L\u1ee5c t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i minh ch\u01a1n ng\u00f4n trong kinh Ph\u1ed5 M\u00f4n (Ph\u00e1p Hoa) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc: \u00c1n ma ni b\u00e1t mi h\u1ed3ng, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang gi\u1ecdng, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc \u00d4m ma ni pad me hum. C\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea7u xin th\u00f4ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi v\u1ecb N\u1eef th\u1ea7n Manipadma (Ng\u1ecdc trong Hoa Sen), ch\u00fang ta \u00e1m hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt B\u00e0 Quan \u00c2m. Ch\u1eef Om (a.u.m) theo T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p T\u0103ng. Ch\u1eef \u201cHum\u201d c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u00e0 ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Linh ph\u00f9 \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, c\u00f3 hoa sen, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c gom th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ed (v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u00fd).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Tay th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u1ea5n cho th\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5n ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb ma, \u1ebfm qu\u1ef7, tr\u1ee5c th\u1ea7n, khi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0110\u1ea1i bi ch\u00fa, L\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1n, T\u1ecbnh kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p, T\u1ecbnh tam nghi\u1ec7p, \u00c1n th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ch\u01a1n ng\u00f4n trong kinh Kim Cang, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, do t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u phi th\u01b0\u1eddng trong Ph\u00e1p Hoa c\u0169ng do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu luy\u1ec7n theo M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, coi theo kinh s\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u00e0ng \u1eaft nguy h\u1ea1i t\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f9ng c\u0169ng th\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft ho lao. Tuy v\u1eady trong nh\u00f3m tu Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n m\u00ea theo M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft r\u1ea5t oan u\u1ed5ng. Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu s\u0129 tr\u1ebb tu\u1ed5i chuy\u00ean tu theo M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng. M\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7t h\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i ba ng\u00f3n tay c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a li\u1ec5u ph\u00f9 si\u00eau ch\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ch\u1eb7t lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1nh tay nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y Hu\u1ec7 Kh\u1ea3. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i in b\u00f9a ch\u00fa ph\u00e1t c\u00f9ng ch\u00f9a, b\u1ea3o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta coi, ho\u1eb7c d\u00e1n tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ra v\u00f4 d\u00f2m xem \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean. Ai c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n cho m\u1ea5y \u1ed5ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n un \u0111\u00fac m\u1ea5y \u1ed5ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f3 t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, th\u00eam n\u1eb7ng g\u00e1nh cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i b\u00e1o c\u00f4 tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng Bodhidharma (B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma) sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i D\u00e9kan, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Praj\u00f1atara, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, l\u1eadp ra t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia \u00f4ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 520, v\u00ec c\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa T\u0103ng ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i \u00f4ng x\u00edch m\u00edch v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 s\u1ee3 tai h\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00ean \u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n qua T\u00e0u, nh\u1ea7m tr\u00e0o vua L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ebf. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua n\u00e0y n\u1ea1p dung, \u00f4ng sang l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d4ng t\u1ecbch t\u1ea1i H\u1ed3 Nam trong n\u0103m 529, m\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 Trung Hoa l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y Hu\u1ec7 Kh\u1ea3. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng cho c\u00e1c T\u0103ng X\u00e1n, \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00edn, Ho\u00e0ng Nh\u1eabn, Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng. Khi L\u1ee5c t\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng qua \u0111\u1eddi (703) ph\u00e1i Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng chia ra nhi\u1ec1u phe, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n suy \u0111\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u1edbi ch\u01a1n Ng\u00f4n t\u00f4ng: t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee9c t\u00e2m, ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng Ph\u1eadt. T\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt trong t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt, t\u00ecm Ph\u1eadt ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u1ea3o m\u1ed9ng, ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu h\u1ed3i quang, m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1t Ma gi\u1ea3ng cho vua L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ebf nghe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 Gotama r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1 k\u1ef3. Nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 n\u00e0y x\u00f3a b\u1ecf gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, mu\u1ed1n ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u00f4ng t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u1ea5y th\u00f4i, n\u00ean \u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gotama l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1 nh\u01a1n, ai \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfng Buddha (Ph\u1eadt) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, m\u00e0 ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ta \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u1ea7n chi ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n, th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch chi, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i, l\u00e0 di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9ng s\u1eb5n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ed3i: Ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh kim th\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1eadt Gotama x\u01b0a kia, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00eam thanh v\u1eafng, ng\u1ed3i tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 m\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ai mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, c\u1ee9 l\u1eb7ng x\u00e9t t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y trong t\u00e2m. L\u1eb7ng x\u00e9t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea1nh ai n\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm theo s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eady th\u00f4i. \u00d4ng \u0110\u1ea1t Ma n\u00f3i: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o d\u1ea1y l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt, b\u1edfi ch\u1eb3ng ai cho ai c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n b\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y th\u00f4i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec9 th\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi \u1edf ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2u \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i huy\u1ec1n vi \u1ea5y, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t b\u1ee3n ho\u00e0i nghi. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u1ee5ng kinh, kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ed5 \u00edch chi c\u1ea3. C\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng trong c\u1ea3nh th\u1ea7n b\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng trong l\u00fac c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 \u00f4ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho vua L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ebf nghe: t\u00e2m \u01a1i! Khi l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u01a1i bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, l\u00fac nh\u1ecf m\u0169i kim kh\u00f4ng qua l\u1ecdt ng\u01b0\u01a1i. T\u00e2m \u01a1i! Ph\u1eadt \u01a1i! B\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u01a1i m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y (T\u00e0u) l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o.
T\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y ho\u00e0i nghi, ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n th\u1edd c\u00fang, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, xem kinh, nghe ph\u00e1p. N\u00f3i cho ngay ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n trau d\u1ed3i h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. V\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u00f9y n\u01a1i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm Ph\u1eadt trong t\u00e2m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t vua L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ebf, T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh tinh th\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2012 T\u1eeb khi t\u1ee9c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn nay, tr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 kinh s\u00e1ch, ch\u1eb3ng hay c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111em k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chi trong ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2012 T\u00e2u b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 chi h\u1ebft. \u0110\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2012 V\u1eady th\u00ec tr\u1eabm ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u chi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2012 Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd. \u0110i\u1ec1u chi c\u0169ng r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2012 V\u1eady ch\u1edb Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2012 B\u1ea7n t\u0103ng s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 r\u00e1ng s\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1eebng n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n cho chung quanh b\u1ea7n t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2012 V\u1eady Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2012 B\u1ea7n t\u0103ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft b\u1ea7n t\u0103ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1t Ma v\u00e0 vua L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ebf. T\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u01a1n l\u00ean kinh th\u00e0nh Nam Kinh, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch khai \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o, tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Trung Hoa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfp r\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ecdng h\u1eadu, m\u00e0 vua \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1t Ma kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u1eeba c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a v\u1ecb ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdc cho \u00f4ng n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i tr\u1eadn l\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh, cho qu\u00e2n h\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e1nh g\u00e3y r\u0103ng, \u0111u\u1ed5i ra kh\u1ecfi x\u1ee9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1t Ma l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a vua L\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f5 \u0110\u1ebf, n\u00ean \u00f4ng th\u1eed l\u00f2ng vua \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. \u00d4ng ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng, n\u00ean l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eed l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm k\u1ebb c\u00f3 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi \u00f4ng h\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p. \u0110i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng b\u1ecb b\u1ea1c \u0111i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp. \u00d4ng t\u1eeb bi nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm cho ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1eeb khi truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho th\u1ea7y Hu\u1ec7 Kh\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i, \u00f4ng xoay m\u1eb7t v\u00f4 v\u00e1ch, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra ch\u01b0a, r\u1ed3i k\u1ebf \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ea7y Hu\u1ec7 Kh\u1ea3, trong l\u00fac h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 sanh ra cu\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m, t\u1ef1 l\u1ea5y dao ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t h\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma th\u1eed l\u00f2ng th\u1ea7y, th\u1ea7y mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf l\u1ea1i cho T\u1ed5 bi\u1ebft d\u1ea1 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, n\u00ean th\u1ea7y ph\u1ea3i hy sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho Ph\u1eadt. Hy sinh n\u00e0y, \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng, cho n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 thanh ni\u00ean, noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u00f3n tay, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u00e0u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt, b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb t\u00e1n th\u1ea5t tinh th\u1ea7n. Khi truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 qua Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i ho\u1ea1t b\u00e1t phi th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 729, th\u1ea7y D\u00f4sen (\u0110\u1ea1o Tuy\u00ean) khai \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1t. Qua n\u0103m 1168, th\u1ea7y Eisai (Hu\u1ec7 Khai ?) sang T\u00e0u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111em v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o Zen. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1225, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Zen, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea7y D\u00f4gen (\u0110\u1ea1o L\u1eabm) ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 S\u00f4t\u00f4. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n b\u00ed gi\u00e1o, h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i S\u00f4t\u00f4 chuy\u00ean lo \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trau d\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh t\u1ed1i cao v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 S\u00f4t\u00f4 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh d\u1eef, t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebf nh\u1eefng v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u. B\u1ea1o h\u00e0nh, can \u0111\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9ng r\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. N\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u1eafng b\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft, d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng tai \u00e1ch, h\u1ecda ho\u1ea1n, c\u1ee9ng c\u00f5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u00e1m d\u1ed7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ea1o S\u00f4t\u00f4 s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c phong ba b\u1ea3o t\u1ed1. H\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu ng\u1ed3i im m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, th\u00edch quay cu\u1ed3ng trong ch\u1ed1n h\u1ed3ng tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, nh\u1ee9t quy\u1ebft, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m, kh\u00ed kh\u00e1i. C\u00e1c b\u1ef1c anh h\u00f9ng v\u00f5 s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p S\u00f4t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m quy\u1ec3n kinh nh\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f9ng d\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea1o S\u00f4t\u00f4 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i S\u00f4t\u00f4 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hokke do \u00f4ng Nichiren (Nh\u1ef1t Li\u00ean) l\u1eadp ra trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 1222-1282, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt coi \u00f4ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng th\u00e1nh. Hai phen \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i tu s\u0129 do ch\u00e1nh ph\u1ee7 nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn; hai phen \u00f4ng b\u1ecb t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1271, c\u0169ng v\u00ec nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00e1n t\u1eed h\u00ecnh. Khi \u0111em \u00f4ng ra ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1eddng, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u1eeba s\u1eafp khai \u0111ao, tr\u1eddi b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean u \u00e1m, s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t n\u1ed5 vang, l\u00e0m cho gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t kinh s\u1ee3 bu\u00f4ng \u0111ao. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2n x\u00e1, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u0103ng h\u00e1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. \u00d4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp v\u1ea7n th\u01b0, \u0111\u1ea7y bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2m ch\u00edch th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u1ea5y v\u00e0 gi\u1ee5c l\u00f2ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 theo v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Nh\u1edd d\u0129 v\u00e3ng c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m m\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i phi\u1ebfm th\u1ea7n, thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Thai v\u00e0 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng. Theo T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Nh\u1ef1t Ki\u00ean, Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t. To\u00e0n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt; h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt; t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, b\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u00ean ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt khai ng\u1ed9, th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, s\u00fac sanh ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Nh\u1ef1t Li\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0129nh t\u1ecda tham thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 binh v\u1ef1c quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m t\u1eaft, \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Nh\u1ef1t Li\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch tho\u00e1t ly th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gotama, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o Zen, \u0111\u1ea1o S\u00f4t\u00f4, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o khoa ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1ef1t B\u1ed5n tu b\u1ed3i kh\u00ed ph\u00e1ch anh d\u0169ng v\u1eady th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gian. Th\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u00e1o c\u00e0 sa ho\u1eb7c danh t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho ph\u00ec da \u1ea5m c\u1eadt, c\u00f9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u01a1n, tr\u00ean h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn l\u00e0 k\u1ebb cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng hay l\u00e0 Ch\u01a1n t\u00f4ng hay l\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh Th\u1ed5 ch\u01a1n t\u00f4ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y. \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u1eed h\u1ecfi T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o? B\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb1ng th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1c l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ng\u00f4i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp, ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kinh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ghi ch\u00e9p ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0. C\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 quy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p B\u1eedu Ngh\u0129a L\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm trong 200 b\u1ed9 b\u00ed gi\u00e1o T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0 trong 180 quy\u1ec3n kinh, 20 quy\u1ec3n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n Hoa Nghi\u00eam, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Ph\u00e1p Hoa v.v\u2026 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y ai l\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Tam t\u1ea1ng P\u0101\u1e37\u012b c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, n\u00ean gi\u1edbi B\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 T\u00e0u v\u00e0 Nh\u1ef1t vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eed t\u00edch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u00edch n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng nhau, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u. C\u00f3 th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ed5 \u00edch, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tin, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n gieo th\u00eam c\u00e1i hoang mang v\u00e0o tr\u00ed \u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb9 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u01b0a nay ai c\u00f3 t\u1eebng xem t\u00edch n\u00e0o, c\u1ee9 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef t\u00edch \u1ea5y cho v\u1eefng l\u00f2ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb 48 l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, l\u00e0m kim ch\u1ec9 nam \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. Tuy kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5t l\u1ea5p trong \u0111\u00eam t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian t\u1ed1i c\u1ed5, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng n\u00ean cho bi\u1ebft quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n si\u00eau h\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n Na c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eaft d\u1eabn \u00f4ng Th\u00edch Ca xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1ee3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1ng ph\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ebf. Ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o cho t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 bi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd n\u00ean tu theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 cho d\u1ec5 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4 khan c\u1ea1n c\u1ee3t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Ai mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, Ph\u00e1p B\u1eedu Ngh\u0129a L\u00e2m khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1eebng t\u00ecm trong x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 n\u00ean theo d\u00f5i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111em kinh Di \u0110\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, trong n\u0103m 147, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng ho\u00e0ng \u00dd L\u0103n (Iran), t\u00ean Ngan-Che-Kao, sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1i Kushan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V, \u00f4ng C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp, nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbp \u0111i truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng kinh Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng h\u1ed9 m\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1ed3i, l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa t\u1ea1i Koutcha, thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 \u00dd L\u0103n. Do hai ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea3y n\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ee9t t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa, n\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1ea1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o A Di \u0110\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1ea1i \u00dd L\u0103n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y n\u1eeda \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u1eeda \u00dd L\u0103n, n\u1eeda tu theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u1eeda tu theo \u0111\u1ea1o Mazdeisme (Thi\u1ec7n \u00c1c nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean). Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 252, k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean n\u00e0y, kinh Da \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00f4ng Sanghavarman (Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng Kh\u1ea3i?) phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. \u00d4ng C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp, khi qua T\u00e0u, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1n A Di \u0110\u00e0 kinh ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 424, t\u1edbi phi\u00ean \u00f4ng Kalayassas (C\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u01b0\u01a1ng Da X\u00e1) d\u1ecbch cu\u1ed1n Qu\u00e1n V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd Ph\u1eadt kinh ra ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI, c\u00f3 \u00f4ng s\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean Bodhisri sang H\u1ed3 Nam truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o A Di \u0110\u00e0, th\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u00ean Tan Loan, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 danh ti\u1ebfng tu theo \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e3o. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i cho nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, t\u1edbi \u00f4ng Chan-tao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Cao T\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII), v\u1edbi hai quy\u1ec3n kinh ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd kinh v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i A Di \u0110\u00e0 kinh. Qua th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IX v\u00e0 X, \u0111\u1ea1o A Di \u0110\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 qua Nh\u1ef1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea1nh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng mau ch\u00f3ng nh\u1edd hai \u00f4ng Ganshin v\u00e0 Ry\u00f4nin. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 XII, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 danh ti\u1ebfng t\u00ean H\u00f4nen (Ph\u00e1p Nhi\u00ean) truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm xin quy y th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 t\u00f4n \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 J\u00f4\u0111\u00f4 (T\u1ecbnh Th\u1ed5) hay l\u00e0 Shin (Ch\u01a1n t\u00f4ng). Th\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p Nhi\u00ean truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e3 xa Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tin Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p Nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Fujiwara Shinran (Ch\u01a1n Loan 1173-1262). \u00d4ng n\u00e0y s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 J\u00f4d\u00f4 Shinshu (T\u1ecbnh Th\u1ed5 ch\u01a1n t\u00f4ng). Tuy \u00f4ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y tu, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 con nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf; \u00f4ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee9 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u1eaft \u00e1i ly gia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ki\u00eang c\u1eed trong s\u1ef1 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng. Theo \u00f4ng ch\u01a1n Loan, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c tin. \u0110\u1ee9c tin kh\u00f4ng do n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ea5n m\u00e0 ra, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 gia h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 m\u1edbi c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb trong tinh hoa c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u ra ngo\u00e0i; c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc t\u1ea1m, m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u1ea1n trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng: \u201cCh\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u1ea5y\u201d. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c n\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 tinh vi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. C\u00e1i tinh hoa c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 tinh hoa c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Quan \u00c2m. Hai v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t (5)<\/sup> th\u01b0\u1eddng xem ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t khi th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh che \u00e1m m\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. M\u1ed9t khi bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i th\u00ec t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) Nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Quan \u00c2m c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh Di \u0110\u00e0 tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai y\u1ebfu lu\u1eadn: l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1eef n\u00f3i tr\u00ean ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Di \u0110\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb trong ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Mazd\u00e9isme, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n \u00c1c nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean gi\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn hai nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: l\u00e0nh (ormazd) v\u00e0 d\u1eef (ahriman). Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c v\u00e0 cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; c\u00f3 s\u00e1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n cao c\u1ea5p (amshaspands) v\u00e0 s\u00e1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p (yazatas) chuy\u00ean lo v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh trong th\u1ebf gian. Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd d\u1eef c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1u hung th\u1ea7n cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 s\u00e1u hung th\u1ea7n h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p ph\u1ee5 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd l\u00e0nh. R\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1i l\u00e0nh th\u1eafng c\u00e1i d\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu hai gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft l\u00e0nh d\u1eef n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Mazd\u00e9isma ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi hai \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan nhau nh\u01b0 T\u00e2n Ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng? Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p Nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gotama kh\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, t\u1eeb b\u00ean kia m\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u00f4n tri\u1ec7u sa b\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (6)<\/sup> v\u1ec1 ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1edd ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ea3 Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6) Ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0o g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 h\u01a1n Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 chi l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoan h\u1ef7, khoan kho\u00e1i, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cho Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ni\u1ec7m danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 cho ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9. V\u1eeba t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng \u0103n n\u0103n c\u1ea3i h\u00f3a v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i th\u00ec bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u0169ng ti\u00eau. Nh\u1ee9t l\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u si\u00eau th\u0103ng v\u1ec1 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, trong gi\u1edd l\u00e2m chung c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ecbnh th\u1ed5, y theo l\u1eddi th\u1ec7 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7 n\u00e0y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n. Khi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00ea th\u00edch, vui th\u00fa v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o r\u1ed3i, \u00edt ra c\u0169ng cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh (7)<\/sup> v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd xoay v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gotama m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i cho. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa ch\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t, th\u00e0nh ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kia tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o th\u1eadt th\u1ee5, r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c quan, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng c\u1ee9u th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 vui th\u00fa, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho v\u1eeba y\u00eau s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch x\u00f3a b\u1ecf lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ec9a n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n v\u00e0 van l\u1ea1y th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(7) C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, c\u00f3 \u0103n m\u1eb7c? C\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3nh. Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c tin trong s\u1ef1 \u0103n chay, \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5ng kinh, \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong s\u1ef1 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0103n l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c r\u1eeda l\u00f2ng, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 t\u1ee5ng kinh l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i, l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00ea ho\u00e1t l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1ed3i. Kinh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu xem cho hi\u1ec3u ngh\u0129a l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo, c\u1ee9 t\u1ee5ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi cho Ph\u1eadt nghe, ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u00e1i d\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00eam n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y minh t\u00e2m ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng c\u1ea3nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c tin c\u00f3 hai th\u1ee9: ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn v\u00e0 m\u00ea t\u00edn. Trong B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ee9t, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 suy x\u00e9t m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5u l\u00fd cao si\u00eau. Tu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ec ch\u00ed th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 ai ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3, tr\u00e1ch sao cho kh\u1ecfi nh\u00f3m t\u00e0 s\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u01a1 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u00ecnh ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng tr\u00f2 m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tu h\u00e0nh ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u0169ng v\u1eabn vui ch\u1ecbu cho th\u1ea7n linh chi ph\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p t\u1eadn c\u1eeda ch\u01a1n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong kinh Anguttara Nik\u0101ya c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y Kal\u0101mas, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ch\u1edb n\u00ean l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c nghe theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thu th\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng phong v\u0103n. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c theo nh\u1eefng s\u01b0u t\u1eadp l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng l\u00fd s\u1ef1 suy \u0111o\u00e1n, ho\u1eb7c sau khi quan s\u00e1t l\u00fd do, ho\u1eb7c sau khi suy g\u1eabm m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o v\u00e0 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 h\u1ea1p v\u1edbi tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u, ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i \u1ea5y do th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5 c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0a ra. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c sai l\u1ea7m, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ng\u1ee3i khen, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng khi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y n\u00ean xua r\u1ea3y n\u00f3 ra\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kim ng\u00f4n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Ch\u00ed t\u00f4n th\u1ed1t ra v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi, mong cho m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 h\u1eadu lai c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i t\u1ea1c d\u1ea1 ghi nh\u1edb, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c theo c\u1ed5 t\u1ee5c t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n, theo l\u1eddi th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5. B\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan, v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng gi\u00e1o t\u1ed5 n\u00e0o (8)<\/sup> \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eeda ch\u01a1n l\u00fd. Trong mu\u00f4n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n khuy\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean b\u1ecf v\u1ed9i, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean tin v\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 n\u00ean d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 suy x\u00e9t cho chu \u0111\u00e1o; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec n\u00ean theo, b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd tr\u00ed th\u00ec b\u1ecf ra, d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, ho\u1eb7c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u00e0o l\u01b0u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(8) N\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u00f4n tri\u1ec7u sa ba th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ai l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ai l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1ecb ch\u00fat t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, ch\u00fat thi\u00ean v\u1ecb c\u00f9ng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i che \u00e1n, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; B\u1edfi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea5y: Ph\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1i \u00f3c ch\u1ea5p n\u00ea, qu\u1ea5y v\u1edbi c\u00e1i tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t S\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1t Ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tinh t\u1ea5n tu h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n A t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfp m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 mua chu\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c tin r\u1eb1ng tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi tu ni\u1ec7m qua loa, \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00fat l\u00e2m chung c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 ghi ch\u00e9p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, th\u1ea7y t\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. Cho n\u00ean ch\u01a1n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00edch: Ch\u1ecdn \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tu Ph\u1eadt (Tr\u00f9ng Quang C\u01b0 S\u0129)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\nhttps:\/\/phatgiaonguyenthuy.org\/giao-phap-cua-duc-phat-bi-chia-re-thanh-cac-ton-phai-trong-dong-lich-su-p3\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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