{"id":15516,"date":"2021-11-26T14:35:07","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T07:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=15516"},"modified":"2021-11-26T14:35:10","modified_gmt":"2021-11-26T07:35:10","slug":"nhuc-ke-cua-duc-phat-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2021\/11\/26\/nhuc-ke-cua-duc-phat-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1ee5c l\u00e0 th\u1ecbt, K\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00fai t\u00f3c. Nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00fai t\u00f3c (b\u1eb1ng) th\u1ecbt, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3nh (\u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt). \u0110\u1ea3nh k\u1ebf (b\u00fai t\u00f3c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Usnisa (Sanskrit v\u00e0 Pali).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f3c hay kh\u00f4ng, t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t th\u1ee9 31 trong 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1ee9 66 trong 80 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n (Mahapurusa), m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai\u2026 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft ki\u00eam t\u1ebf s\u01b0 Asita (A T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0) \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 ra khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn xem t\u01b0\u1edbng cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi sinh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t) l\u00e0 do t\u00edch t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3, r\u1eb1ng do c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00f4 l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u00fai t\u00f3c. Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 t\u00f3c xo\u0103n, s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i th\u1ecbt nh\u1ecf nh\u00f4 l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf. H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o Kinh Qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt Tam Mu\u1ed9i H\u1ea3i: \u201cX\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm tay, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng; ch\u1ed7 da m\u1ecfng th\u00ec m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ed7 da d\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u00e0u kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea5y m\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n s\u1edb lu\u1eadn Kinh B\u1ed5n Sinh t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nidanakatha c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t (sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca) th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y dao m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u1eaft \u0111i. T\u00f3c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n ba cm, xo\u00e1y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi; r\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh Mahapadana c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Thi (Vipassi) \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean xe b\u1ed7ng tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u (bhandu) m\u1eb7c y v\u00e0ng. Ng\u00e0i (b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111ang l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t) b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe quay v\u1ec1, c\u00f2n Ng\u00e0i \u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ea1o b\u1ecf r\u00e2u t\u00f3c, xin y v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 xa l\u00eca gia \u0111\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0. Trong c\u00e1c kinh Nikaya, ta c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ea1o b\u1ecf r\u00e2u t\u00f3c, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea1o h\u1ebft t\u00f3c hay \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u00f3c xo\u1eafn t\u1eebng s\u1ee3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. H\u1ecd n\u00eau c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc x\u01b0a c\u1ed5 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00f3 t\u00f3c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chi ti\u1ebft 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Trong t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb \u201cUsnisa\u201d, Usnisa ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n b\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7u, hay kh\u0103n tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7u, hay chi\u1ebfc m\u0169 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0nh. Usnisasirsa ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc kh\u0103n b\u1ecbt \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d. Ng\u00e0i Budhaghosa (Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m) b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb Usnisasira l\u00e0 v\u1ea7ng tr\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 b\u1ecbt kh\u0103n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ed7 th\u1ecbt nh\u00f4 l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb5n b\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00f3c xo\u0103n, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t, 80 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn qua khoa t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u00e0ng n\u1ed1i; t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, hai tay d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 g\u1ed1i; t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 13, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 tay ch\u00e2n m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng; t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 27, l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00e8 ra d\u00e0i qu\u00e1 tr\u00e1n\u2026; hu\u1ed1ng chi nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 tin r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/strong> l\u00e0 trang nghi\u00eam, t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh th\u00ec nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00eang li\u00eang, l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00edch “V\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o”<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Nh\u1ee5c l\u00e0 th\u1ecbt, K\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00fai t\u00f3c. Nh\u1ee5c k\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00fai t\u00f3c (b\u1eb1ng) th\u1ecbt, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15518,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-15516","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duc-phat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15516","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15516"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15516\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15519,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15516\/revisions\/15519"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15518"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15516"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15516"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15516"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=15516"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}