{"id":1556,"date":"2020-09-06T09:11:41","date_gmt":"2020-09-06T09:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1556"},"modified":"2020-09-06T09:11:41","modified_gmt":"2020-09-06T09:11:41","slug":"bon-chan-ly-tu-dieu-de-thich-vien-giac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/06\/bon-chan-ly-tu-dieu-de-thich-vien-giac\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd (T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf) – Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 : Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft : http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/phat-phap\/giao-phap\/bon-chan-ly\/22488-bon-chan-ly-tu-dieu-de.html<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ngay sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1eddn Nai thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho n\u0103m anh em Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y; n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y: \u201cNh\u1eefng b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c \u1edf trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u1edf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 B\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf\u201d (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\/- D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u1edf t\u1ea1i Kosambi trong r\u1eebng c\u00e2y sims\u00e0pa, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u00edt l\u00e1 sims\u00e0pa \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? L\u00e1 sims\u00e0pa \u1edf trong tay ta nhi\u1ec1u hay l\u00e0 \u1edf trong r\u1eebng sims\u00e0pa nhi\u1ec1u?\u201d.
\u201cB\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, l\u00e1 trong tay Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n qu\u00e1 \u00edt, c\u00f2n l\u00e1 trong r\u1eebng sims\u00e0pa th\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u\u201d. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cC\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111i\u1ec1u ta bi\u1ebft th\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u00edt; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c \u00f4ng? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t\u201d, \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t\u201d (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ngay sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1eddn Nai thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho n\u0103m anh em Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y; n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1ea5y l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y: \u201cNh\u1eefng b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c \u1edf trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u1edf trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 B\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf\u201d (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, v\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u1ea5y. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng. Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u201cV\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb nhi\u1ebfp trong d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n voi, v\u00ec d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u01b0 hi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung trong T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf\u201d (Trung B\u1ed9 kinh I). \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea7ng d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd x\u00e2y t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf, ta s\u1ebd \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra\u201d (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac s\u1eafp nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y sa la song th\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf: \u201cC\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0i nghi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p\u201d (kinh Di Gi\u00e1o, Tr\u00ed Quang d\u1ecbch).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n 2.500 n\u0103m, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y hay \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1ec1u xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\/- N\u1ed9i dung<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

I- \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Ph\u1ea1n Catvary Aryasatyani. Arya l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u, cao qu\u00fd, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m; Satya l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, T\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf, B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1- Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf (Dukkha): l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2- T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf (Samudaya): l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c hay nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3- Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf (Nirodha): l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft th\u00fac hay s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4- \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf (Magga): l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c kinh: \u0110\u1ebf ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m kinh (Trung B\u1ed9 III), kinh Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf (Trung A H\u00e0m), kinh Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng & T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m), v\u00e0 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong kinh t\u1ea1ng P\u00e0li c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II- N\u1ed9i dung T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

1) Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf (Dukkha)<\/em>: Kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb l\u00fac l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft xu\u00f4i tay, kh\u00f4ng ai ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1; \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.
Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, sanh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau m\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t ly l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, mong c\u1ea7u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5\u201d (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a)- V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n sinh l\u00fd<\/em>: Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. Khi ta b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t gai nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e2m bu\u1ed1t b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n hay m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t v\u00e0o trong m\u1eaft kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu\u2026, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u00f4 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n do ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u00e2n\u201d (C\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u00ean c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5). Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1n; l\u1edbn l\u00ean gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng; v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft: s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd l\u1edbn lao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b)- V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd<\/em>: L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au do kh\u00f4ng to\u1ea1i \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng v.v\u2026 S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba \u00fd s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ed7i \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, thua thi\u1ec7t trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m m\u00ecnh kh\u1ed5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh gh\u00e9t m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ho\u00e0i, m\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 v\u1ee5t qua ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n tr\u00eau ng\u01b0\u01a1i, nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng to\u1ea1i \u00fd, l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea3i, b\u1ee9c b\u00e1ch v.v\u2026 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c)- Kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/em> (Upadana-skandhas): C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m hai c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0 trong kinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y: \u201cCh\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5\u201d.
N\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u01b0: c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c (s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c). N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, khi ta b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. \u00dd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201cth\u00e2n th\u1ec3 t\u00f4i\u201d, \u201ct\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4i\u201d, \u201ct\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4i\u201d, \u201ct\u00e2m t\u01b0 t\u00f4i\u201d, \u201cnh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d\u2026 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00f4i ham mu\u1ed1n, v\u1ecb k\u1ef7; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ph\u00e1t sinh. M\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, lo l\u1eafng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u201d \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00fd. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, ng\u00e3 h\u00f3a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2) T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf (Samudaya)<\/em>: T\u1eadp l\u00e0 t\u00edch t\u1eadp, c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee5 h\u1ed9i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5. Khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au (\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf).
Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hay kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m l\u00fd, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa trong t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5; c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0ng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kinh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tham \u00e1i, do tham \u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tham \u00e1i. S\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00f2ng khao kh\u00e1t \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.
Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 si m\u00ea kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1i b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u1edf trong ch\u00fang. Do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00ean sinh t\u00e2m tham mu\u1ed1n, \u00f4m gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea1c th\u00fa. Do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1edbi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u201d l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m v\u00edu, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, do v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n t\u00f4i, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m t\u00f4i, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4i\u2026, ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u2026 Do nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u1ed5 hay kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 do l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh; l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y tham lam, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, do c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 hay phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi ph\u1ed1i, ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb trong t\u00e2m th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3) Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf (Nirodha):<\/em> Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, l\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft. Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t hay d\u1eadp t\u1eaft phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c. Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Nirvana\/Nibb\u00e0na).
\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e0 g\u00ec? H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a)- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i<\/em>: M\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i lo \u00e2u, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, b\u1ea5t an gi\u1ea3m h\u1eb3n, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1edf n\u00ean thanh th\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o; b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Kinh Trung B\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai \u0111ang y\u00eau m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i. T\u00ecnh c\u1edd, anh ta b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng trai kh\u00e1c. T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai \u0111ang y\u00eau \u1ea5y b\u1ecb x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Th\u1eddi gian sau, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u1ea5y n\u1eefa; l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, anh ta g\u1eb7p c\u00f4 \u00e1i \u1ea5y \u0111ang n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n, c\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f9a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00e0ng trai kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n anh ta \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn n\u1eefa. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u1edd t\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111un n\u00f3ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n, lo l\u1eafng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, m\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u00fd c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1: th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao dung v\u00e0 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, danh v\u1ecdng tr\u1edf n\u00ean thanh th\u1ea3n h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u00e1p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e8 n\u1eb7ng l\u00ean tr\u00e1i tim m\u00ecnh. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n.
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00f9y v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u l\u00f2ng tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00ean m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y.
N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tinh th\u1ea7n cao h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cC\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat\u201d. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i: tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 do d\u1ef1. Khi 5 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ng\u0103n che t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u1ea1n; lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ch\u00fang th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u00e2y che. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b)- H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/em>: Tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tinh th\u1ea7n, b\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o vi t\u1ebf, th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cV\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh l\u1ee3i t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng\u201d (K.Magandiya, TBK II).
Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau, ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: v\u00f4 sanh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00f4 vi, v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n, t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n\u2026 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hay ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i khi t\u00e2m \u00fd \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tham, s\u00e2n, si.
Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng quan ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t c\u00f5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f5i thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t sai l\u1ea7m l\u1edbn. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian, c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng, l\u1edbn, nh\u1ecf\u2026 D\u00f9 v\u1eady, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i thanh t\u1ecbnh, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong ph\u1ea1m vi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n khi \u0111ang c\u00f2n tham, s\u00e2n, si. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u00e3y nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai, nh\u1eefng con su\u1ed1i ch\u1ea3y, nh\u1eefng r\u1eebng c\u00e2y xanh ng\u1eaft \u0111\u1eb9p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi kia. Khi bi\u1ebft nh\u00ecn m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n quan m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e3n quan kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi tham s\u00e2n si, th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p kia ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 ! Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y\u201d. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n n\u1eb1m ngay trong t\u1ea7m tay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4) \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf (Magga):<\/em> \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y hay h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 37 ph\u00e1p, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p do ta ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, c\u00e1c con ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e9o h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng tu t\u1eadp, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00fang sinh, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c cho ch\u00fang sinh, v\u00ec l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng cho \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00ec an l\u1ea1c cho ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, B\u1ed1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, B\u1ed1n th\u1ea7n t\u00fac, N\u0103m c\u0103n, N\u0103m l\u1ef1c, B\u1ea3y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n, T\u00e1m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n\u201d (kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n).
Trong 37 ph\u00e1p th\u00ec T\u00e1m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf. T\u00e1m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e1m ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u2013 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u2013 c\u00f3 8 chi ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a)- Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn (Samm\u00e0 Ditthi)<\/em>: Th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u00e1c. Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, duy\u00ean sinh. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b)- Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy (Samm\u00e0 Sankappa)<\/em>: Suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 tham d\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i gi\u1eadn h\u1eddn, b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e3m h\u1ea1i\u2026 d\u1eabn t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 t\u01b0 duy v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ch\u00fang sinh, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c)- Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef (Samm\u00e0 V\u00e0c\u00e0)<\/em>: Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5, chia r\u1ebd, hung b\u1ea1o, c\u0103m th\u00f9. N\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ni\u1ec1m tin, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d)- Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p (Samm\u00e0 Kammanta)<\/em>: H\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m phi ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap, kh\u00f4ng ham mu\u1ed1n th\u00fa vui b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e)- Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng (Samm\u00e0 Ajiv\u00e0)<\/em>: \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u01b0u sinh, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 phi ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, gian x\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

f)- Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n (Samm\u00e0 V\u00e0y\u00e0ma)<\/em>: N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

g)- Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (Samm\u00e0 Sati)<\/em>: Nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn d\u1eaft m\u00ecnh \u0111i lang thang. An tr\u00fa t\u00e2m \u00fd v\u00e0o thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

h)- Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh (Samm\u00e0 Sam\u00e0thi)<\/em>: T\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, t\u1eadp trung t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0m an t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ly, chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 trong chi ph\u1ea7n kia, c\u00e1i kia h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1i n\u00e0y. T\u00e1m ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng; \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh; Tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cN\u00e0y Subhadda, trong ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 qu\u1ea3 Sa m\u00f4n\u201d (kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, TB I). \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y th\u00eam: \u201cN\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng T\u1ef3 kheo s\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh (theo B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o) th\u00ec c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n\u201d.
Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed; con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y v\u1eeba th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1eeba c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III- Tu t\u1eadp B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 \u0103n c\u01a1m m\u1edbi no, u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi h\u1ebft kh\u00e1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd c\u1eady v\u00e0o ai tu gi\u00fap cho m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c ai ban cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5.
Trong kinh \u0111\u01b0a ra 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam chuy\u1ec3n: Th\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n, Khuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, Ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1)- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf:<\/em> Th\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, hay nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. Khuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5. Ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2)- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf:<\/em> Th\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Khuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y. Ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3)- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf<\/em>: Th\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Khuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m vui, thanh th\u1ea3n an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4)- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf<\/em>: Th\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t ! Khuy\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y. Ch\u1ee9ng chuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. T\u1eeb nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, g\u00e2y ra \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb ch\u00fang; ta chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m an b\u00ecnh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb n\u01a1i th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\/- K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a, danh v\u1ecdng, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh. S\u1ef1 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t, cung c\u1ea5p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi khai m\u1edf kho t\u00e0ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 minh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cCh\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh\u201d (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V). V\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 minh, l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. D\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 duy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, ai th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t. Ai th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. Ai th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t. Ai th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t, th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5\u201d (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V). Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n. Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf \u1ea5y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111em l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m tin, s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eabn thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c hay kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y. Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1i gia, ai c\u0169ng tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfm h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu c\u1ea7u tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 cho c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\/.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 : Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c Ngu\u1ed3n b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft : http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/phat-phap\/giao-phap\/bon-chan-ly\/22488-bon-chan-ly-tu-dieu-de.html Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ngay sau khi\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1557,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1556","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-4-chan-ly"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1556","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1556"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1556\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1558,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1556\/revisions\/1558"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1557"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1556"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1556"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1556"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1556"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}