{"id":15776,"date":"2021-11-29T00:50:08","date_gmt":"2021-11-28T17:50:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=15776"},"modified":"2021-11-29T00:50:11","modified_gmt":"2021-11-28T17:50:11","slug":"nhung-ngon-ngu-duc-phat-su-dung-khi-thuyet-phap-la-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2021\/11\/29\/nhung-ngon-ngu-duc-phat-su-dung-khi-thuyet-phap-la-gi\/","title":{"rendered":"Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/a><\/h1>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p \u0111a di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

>>Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc lo\u1ea1t b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111a di\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n chi ti\u1ebft, th\u00ec b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Th\u1ed5 ng\u1eef Mag\u0101dhi<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, khi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf, trong b\u1ea3y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc d\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean l\u00fac ch\u01b0a nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n[1], ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ed5 ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n-\u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Mag\u0101dhi, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc d\u00e2n ch\u00ednh Magadha v\u00e0 \u0111a s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cho n\u00ean, trong c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t, hai v\u00e0 ba, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Mag\u0101dhi \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Mag\u0101dhi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Mag\u0101dhi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i vua A\u015boka (A-d\u1ee5c) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh b\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef P\u0101li<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh t\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 Avanti (A-b\u00e0n-\u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ed1c), tr\u00ean b\u1edd ph\u00eda b\u1eafc s\u00f4ng Narmada, th\u00ec t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y hai lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Mag\u0101dhi v\u00e0 Avanti \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef P\u0101li ph\u00f4i thai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y b\u1eb1ng Mag\u0101dhi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef P\u0101li ph\u00f4i thai n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Ujjayini (\u00d4-xa-di\u1ec5n-ni), th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Avanti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u01a1i x\u1ee9 avanti, Ng\u00e0i Mahinda – ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a vua A\u015boka l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i K\u0101ty\u0101yana (Ca-chi\u00ean-di\u00ean) mang t\u1ea1ng kinh kh\u1ea9u d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng P\u0101li ph\u00f4i thai n\u00e0y \u0111i thuy\u1ec1n d\u1ecdc theo v\u1ecbnh Oman \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Sri Lanka (T\u00edch Lan).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Sanskrit<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng t\u1eeb th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 Ujjayini c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Avanti, kinh t\u1ea1ng kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Mag\u0101dhi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n l\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc, ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi Ng\u0169 H\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u1ed5 ng\u1eef Prakrit, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ed5 ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Ng\u0169 H\u00e0 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Prakrit. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc, s\u1eed h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y tr\u00ean l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh t\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Mag\u0101dhi l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng Kashmir, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef Veda (Ph\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, \u1edf Kashmir, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi Mag\u0101dhi cho ph\u00e9p ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ea7u truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a Vua A\u015boka, s\u1ed1ng 100 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 Mag\u0101dhi n\u00e0y, truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c Trung \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Trung \u00c1\u2026\u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ta c\u00f3 tr\u00ean th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n kinh t\u1ea1ng ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, Nh\u1eadt , \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf N\u00e9pal, Trung \u00c1 , Kotan v\u00e0 Kucha (qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e0i Kum\u0101raj\u012bva).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 thu\u1ed9c H\u1eefu b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua A\u015boka, kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Kashmir, ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit c\u1ed5 ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 lai t\u1ea1p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ed5 ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u00e0nh Sanskrit thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. H\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai t\u1ea1ng kinh Ag\u0101ma v\u00e0 P\u0101li<\/h5>\n\n\n\n
\"\"
\u1ea2nh minh h\u1ecda<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c T\u0103ng s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i Sanskrit thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 san \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ag\u0101ma[3] (kinh T\u1ea1ng A-h\u00e0m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n kinh t\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f2n t\u1ea1ng kinh nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y P\u0101li, tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb x\u1ee9 Avanti \u0111\u1ebfn Sri Lanka b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i Mahinda th\u1eddi vua A\u015boka, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i Buddhagho\u1e63a (Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m) ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V, T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch m\u1edbi san \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng t\u1eadp l\u00e0i th\u00e0nh v\u0103n b\u1ea3n P\u0101li ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 Nik\u0101ya[4].<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tranh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Hay B\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n gi\u1edbi\u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u754c, Skt. Parinirv\u0101\u1e47a- dh\u0101tu, (Tib. \u0f61\u0f7c\u0f44\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f66\u0f74\u0f0b\u0f58\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f44\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f63\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f60\u0f51\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b yongs su mya ngan las ‘das pa), ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1eef: pari (b\u00e1t \u822c): ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 14 h\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 45 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c nhau. Cf. Andrew Simpson (2007). \u201cLanguage and national identity in Asia\u201d, James W. Tollefson (2002). \u201cLanguage policies in education: critical issues\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] \u0101gama do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u0103n \u0101\u221agam: ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00ean \u0101gama: h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba, s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4] Nik\u0101ya do \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb Ni-k\u0101ya: th\u00e2n, b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn, ph\u1ea7n, hi\u1ec7p t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15779,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[56],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-15776","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duc-phat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15776","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15776"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15776\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15780,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15776\/revisions\/15780"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15779"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15776"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15776"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15776"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=15776"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}