{"id":15938,"date":"2021-12-11T11:28:44","date_gmt":"2021-12-11T04:28:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=15938"},"modified":"2021-12-11T11:28:47","modified_gmt":"2021-12-11T04:28:47","slug":"cai-ket-bi-tham-cua-nha-sang-che-phat-minh-ra-hai-thu-nguy-hiem-nhat-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2021\/12\/11\/cai-ket-bi-tham-cua-nha-sang-che-phat-minh-ra-hai-thu-nguy-hiem-nhat-the-gioi\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1i K\u1ebft Bi Th\u1ea3m C\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 S\u00e1ng Ch\u1ebf Ph\u00e1t Minh Ra Hai Th\u1ee9 Nguy Hi\u1ec3m Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00e1i K\u1ebft Bi Th\u1ea3m C\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 S\u00e1ng Ch\u1ebf Ph\u00e1t Minh Ra Hai Th\u1ee9 Nguy Hi\u1ec3m Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Thomas J. Midgley \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1edfi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t minh ra hai th\u1ee9 b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed h\u1eadu: x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec v\u00e0 kh\u00ed CFC.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00e0 h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc Midgley s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Beaver Falls, bang Pennsylvania, M\u1ef9. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 khi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, \u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng danh ti\u1ebfng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y hai h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u00f4ng ph\u00e1t minh ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng trong \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a href=\"https:\/\/thienphatgiao.org\/chien-dich-diet-chim-se-o-trung-quoc-cau-chuyen-nhan-qua-co-that\/\">Di\u1ec7t ch\u1ee7ng chim, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9 Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>X\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"552\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-031-1024x552.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15941\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-031-1024x552.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-031-300x162.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-031-768x414.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-031-465x251.jpg 465w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-031-695x375.jpg 695w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-031.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a CFC v\u1edbi t\u1ea7ng ozone. \u1ea2nh: tvtlp<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Midgley sinh ng\u00e0y 18\/5\/1889, t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p khoa k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cornell n\u0103m 1911. N\u0103m 1916, \u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Delco c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n General Mortor d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Charles Kettering. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u00f4 t\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1eed l\u00fd ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20. Khi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea1t g\u1ea7n m\u1ee9c to\u00e0n t\u1ea3i, n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t ra ti\u1ebfng \u1ed3n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ecfng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1. Sau khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u00f4ng Midgley \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra r\u1eb1ng khi th\u00eam ch\u00ec tetraethyl (TEL) v\u00e0o x\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 gia nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng l\u1ecdc x\u1ecdc n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u00d4ng c\u00f2n vui h\u01a1n khi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec l\u00e0m \u00f4 t\u00f4 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n General Motors, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty x\u0103ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u00f4 t\u00f4, x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y 1\/2\/1923 d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u Ethyl. General Motors v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u Standard Oil \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Ethyl \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec. \u00d4ng Midgley tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n Ethyl kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u201cch\u00ec\u201d khi ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb x\u0103ng TEL v\u00ec ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng TEL an to\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng ngay t\u1ea1i t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e1ng 10\/1924, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf New Jersey, 5 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 35 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u00ec: run r\u1ea9y, \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c\u2026 B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n \u00f4ng Midgely c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c khi h\u00edt ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1i TEL v\u00e0 r\u1eeda tay trong dung d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. \u00d4ng bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ngh\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tai n\u1ea1n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Ethyl. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch n\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ee5 b\u00ea b\u1ed1i t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bang \u1edf M\u1ef9 c\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng TEL. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p l\u1ef1c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n, C\u1ee5c Khai m\u1ecf li\u00ean bang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh TEL an to\u00e0n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb r\u1ea7m r\u1ed9 TEL \u0111\u00e3 coi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u1edf tr\u1ebb em. M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 gia t\u0103ng ph\u01a1i nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m gia t\u0103ng trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970, x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1edbi n\u0103m 2017, lo\u1ea1i x\u0103ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u1edf v\u00e0i n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00e1c xe c\u1ed9 ch\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec v\u1eabn ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kh\u00ed CFC<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"229\" height=\"357\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-041.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15940\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-041.jpg 229w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-chuyen-nhan-qua-041-192x300.jpg 192w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 229px) 100vw, 229px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00d4ng Thomas Midgley.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf g\u00e2y r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Midgley l\u00e0 chlorofluorocarbon hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 CFC. CFC \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb l\u00e2u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u: ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d4ng Tom Jackson, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n \u201cChilled: How Refrigeration Changed the World and Might Do So Again\u201d (L\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh: T\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ra sao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa th\u1ebf n\u00e0o), gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cNh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ether ho\u1eb7c ammonia v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh quy m\u00f4 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Chicago n\u0103m 1893 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft l\u1eeda v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft 17 l\u00ednh c\u1ee9u h\u1ecfa. T\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh d\u00f9ng trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong kho\u1ea3ng 30 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u00f9ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh dioxide, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c. R\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 gia \u0111\u00ecnh khi h\u1ecd \u0111ang ng\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u0111\u00f3, chi nh\u00e1nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh Frigidaire c\u1ee7a General Motors l\u00e0m \u0103n thua l\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. \u00d4ng Midgley v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft tay t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1930, h\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p trong ch\u1ea5t dichlorodifluoromethane m\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00ean freon-12. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t CFC \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh t\u00ednh an to\u00e0n, \u00f4ng Midgley \u0111\u00e3 h\u00edt kh\u00ed n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Freon tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u00e0m m\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh x\u1ecbt. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng Midgely kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 CFC l\u00e0m suy y\u1ebfu t\u1ea7ng ozone c\u1ee7a Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u1ecfi tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, CFC l\u00e0 si\u00eau kh\u00ed g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh, g\u00e2y ra t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea5m l\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi kh\u00ed CO2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed CFC nh\u01b0 freon-12 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Montreal n\u0103m 1987, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Theo C\u01a1 quan Kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c gia, CFC c\u00f3 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi 140 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"696\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-ethyl-chuyen-nhan-qua-051.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-15939\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-ethyl-chuyen-nhan-qua-051.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-ethyl-chuyen-nhan-qua-051-259x300.jpg 259w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-ethyl-chuyen-nhan-qua-051-465x539.jpg 465w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/Thomas-J.-Midgley-ethyl-chuyen-nhan-qua-051-431x500.jpg 431w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>th\u01b0\u01a1ng hi\u1ec7u x\u0103ng Ethyl tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f2i b\u01a1m x\u0103ng c\u0169. \u1ea2nh: Wikipedia<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t tr\u00ean, \u00f4ng Midgley \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ca ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 gi\u00e0nh m\u1ecdi gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng danh gi\u00e1 trong s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. \u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Willard Gibbs, Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nichols, Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Priestly v\u00e0 Hu\u00e2n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Perkin. Ngo\u00e0i x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec v\u00e0 freon, \u00f4ng Midgley c\u0169ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef kho\u1ea3ng 170 b\u1eb1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u1ebf kh\u00e1c. M\u00e3i t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eadp k\u1ef7 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1t minh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d4ng Midgely kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec v\u00e0 CFC g\u00e2y ra. C\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e1c b\u1ecf \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p ch\u00fang ho\u1eb7c ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p CFC, \u00f4ng Midgley cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u00edt h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh ch\u1ef1c ch\u1edd ph\u00e1t n\u1ed5. \u00d4ng Jackson n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u00f4ng Midgley v\u00ec CFC. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 \u00f4ng Midgley v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, theo \u00f4ng Jackson, v\u00ec t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1920, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec khi \u00f4ng Midgley ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u pha ch\u00ec n\u00ean \u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u1ea3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe m\u00e0 ch\u00ec g\u00e2y ra nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u00e0m x\u0103ng pha ch\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1940, \u00f4ng Midgley \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec5m virus b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb li\u1ec7t. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng d\u00e2y th\u1eebng v\u00e0 r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng, ra kh\u1ecfi gi\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn d\u00e2y th\u1eebng v\u00e0 r\u00f2ng r\u1ecdc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u00edt c\u1ed5 t\u1edbi ch\u1ebft ng\u00e0y 2\/11\/1944.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">theo&nbsp;<strong>baotintuc.vn<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C\u00e1i K\u1ebft Bi Th\u1ea3m C\u1ee7a Nh\u00e0 S\u00e1ng Ch\u1ebf Ph\u00e1t Minh Ra Hai Th\u1ee9 Nguy Hi\u1ec3m Nh\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi Thomas J. Midgley \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":15939,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[64],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-15938","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cau-chuyen-nhan-qua"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15938","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15938"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15938\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":15942,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15938\/revisions\/15942"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15939"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15938"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15938"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15938"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=15938"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}