{"id":16481,"date":"2022-02-07T16:07:03","date_gmt":"2022-02-07T09:07:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=16481"},"modified":"2022-02-07T16:19:16","modified_gmt":"2022-02-07T09:19:16","slug":"tu-tuong-lao-tu-qua-quan-diem-phat-hoc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/02\/07\/tu-tuong-lao-tu-qua-quan-diem-phat-hoc\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eed -Qua Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"16481\" class=\"elementor elementor-16481\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6379a126 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6379a126\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-20ab6585\" data-id=\"20ab6585\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1516d530 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1516d530\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\n\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1236\" height=\"695\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/3aetTIJIys4\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/p>\n<figure><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:table --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:separator --><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><!-- \/wp:separator --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:table --><\/p>\n<figure>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: maroon;\">Trung T\u00e2m H\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/index.html\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">Trang Ch\u1ee7<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><hr style=\"color: black;\" align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" \/><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"width: 382.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" border=\"0\" width=\"510\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 94.5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;\" width=\"126\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-no-proof: yes;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"file:\/\/\/C:\/Users\/ADMINI~1\/AppData\/Local\/Temp\/msohtmlclip1\/01\/clip_image001.jpg\" alt=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Bia_LaoTu1.jpg\" width=\"100\" height=\"140\" border=\"0\" \/><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;\">\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: maroon;\">T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eed<br \/>Qua Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: maroon;\">T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/index.php?module=library&amp;function=tacgia&amp;id=1\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">Vi\u00ean Minh<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><hr style=\"width: 150.0pt;\" align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"2\" width=\"200\" \/><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"width: 487.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" border=\"1\" width=\"650\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;\">\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: 'Verdana',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;\">M\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" width=\"100%\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; height: 15.0pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 22.5pt; background: #CCCC33; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 15.0pt;\" rowspan=\"3\" width=\"30\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 15.0pt;\" width=\"20\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 15.0pt;\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 1; height: 96.75pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 4.5pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 96.75pt;\" width=\"6\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<td style=\"background: #FFFFCC; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 96.75pt;\">\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/NoiDung\/ThuVien\/LaoTuDDK\/#GioiThieu\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/NoiDung\/ThuVien\/LaoTuDDK\/#LoiNoiDau\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">L\u1eddi N\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea7u<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/NoiDung\/ThuVien\/LaoTuDDK\/ThuVien31_1.htm\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">Ng\u1ed9 Nh\u1eadn T\u00ednh Bi Quan Trong L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/NoiDung\/ThuVien\/LaoTuDDK\/ThuVien31_2.htm\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">Th\u1eed D\u1ecbch V\u00e0 L\u00fd Gi\u1ea3i L\u1ea1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"mso-yfti-irow: 2; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes; height: 13.5pt;\">\n<td style=\"width: 15.0pt; padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm; height: 13.5pt;\" colspan=\"2\" width=\"20\">\u00a0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"width: 487.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" border=\"1\" width=\"650\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<h2><b><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">GI\u1edaI THI\u1ec6U<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">h\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t t\u1edd b\u00e1o c\u0169:\u00a0<b>Tuy\u1ec3n T\u1eadp V\u0103n<\/b>, b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft\u00a0<b>\u201cNG\u1ed8 NH\u1eacN T\u00cdNH BI QUAN TRONG\u00a0 L\u00c3O\u00a0 T\u1eec\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea0O\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee8C\u00a0 KINH\u201d<\/b>\u00a0 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Vi\u00ean Minh. C\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m th\u00eda tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang quan t\u00e2m t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd qu\u00e1 uy\u00ean \u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc thong dong th\u1ebf ngo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed. L\u00fd ngh\u0129a trong L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 s\u00e2u xa, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 thi ph\u00fa n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f3 d\u00f2. Nh\u01b0ng qua s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y minh b\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nghi v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch nh\u1ecf d\u01b0\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1:\u00a0<b>Ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eed qua quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">May m\u1eafn \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 hoan h\u1ef7 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u0103ng trong t\u1edd\u00a0<b>C\u1ea3o Th\u01a1m<\/b>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i\u00a0<b>\u201cTH\u1eec D\u1ecaCH V\u00c0 L\u00dd GI\u1ea2I L\u1ea0I CH\u01af\u01a0NG I L\u00c3O\u00a0 T\u1eec\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea0O\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee8C\u00a0 KINH\u201d.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u1edd v\u1eady t\u1eadp ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh tri \u00e2n H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Vi\u00ean Minh v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u1eadp ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u00ed \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: right; line-height: normal;\" align=\"right\"><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u00e0 s\u00e1ch V\u0103n Th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><hr style=\"width: 143.25pt;\" align=\"left\" size=\"2\" width=\"191\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/NoiDung\/ThuVien\/LaoTuDDK\/#top\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">\u0110\u1ea7u Trang<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"width: 487.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" border=\"1\" width=\"650\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<h2><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u1edcI N\u00d3I \u0110\u1ea6U<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u0103m 1992 khi Ni Vi\u1ec7n B\u1eedu Long \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf cho Ni ch\u00fang. Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n n\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n, Ni ch\u00fang c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc th\u00eam ngo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 L\u00c3O\u00a0 T\u1eee\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea0O\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee8C\u00a0 KINH, v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec gi\u1ea3ng L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh cho T\u0103ng Ni n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc t\u1ef7 gi\u1ea3o, v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 T\u0103ng Ni d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ef7 gi\u1ea3o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u1ef1c ra, nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cung c\u1ea5p t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho Ni ch\u00fang trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, v\u1ec1 sau do \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a b\u00e1o C\u1ea3o Th\u01a1m n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00eam cho b\u00e0i b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ph\u00fa h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i\u00a0<b>\u201cTH\u1eec D\u1ecaCH V\u00c0 L\u00dd GI\u1ea2I L\u1ea0I CH\u01af\u01a0NG I L\u00c3O\u00a0 T\u1eec\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea0O\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee8C\u00a0 KINH\u201d.<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1edd b\u00e1o V\u0103n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u0103ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i\u00a0<b>\u201cNG\u1ed8 NH\u1eacN T\u00cdNH BI QUAN TRONG\u00a0 L\u00c3O\u00a0 T\u1eec\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea0O\u00a0 \u0110\u1ee8C\u00a0 KINH\u201d<\/b>\u00a0v\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 trong c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eadt t\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e0i n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 then ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m nh\u1ea5t trong L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c n\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a vi\u1ebft th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ai, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt , L\u00e3o T\u1eed,\u00a0Krishna\u00a0hay Ch\u00faa Jesu th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1o, Ph\u00e1p, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf&#8230; Tuy d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t nhi d\u1ecb danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, cho l\u00e0 v\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 n\u1eafm. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ea1o, Ph\u00e1p, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf&#8230; m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd sai bi\u1ec7t. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch kh\u1ea3i th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef7 gi\u1ea3o, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi nhau s\u1ebd gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd chung nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eed r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n n\u00ean d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ebft hai b\u00e0i v\u1ec1\u00a0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng li\u00ean quan h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tinh hoa \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. D\u1eabu sao nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 quan thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch, mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb cao minh ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec3m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: right; line-height: normal;\" align=\"right\"><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u0110. B\u1eedu Long, M\u00f9a An C\u01b0 2550<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Vi\u00ean Minh<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><hr style=\"width: 143.25pt;\" align=\"left\" size=\"2\" width=\"191\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/NoiDung\/ThuVien\/LaoTuDDK\/#top\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">\u0110\u1ea7u Trang<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><hr style=\"color: black;\" align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"2\" width=\"100%\" \/><\/div>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 10.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black;\">[<a href=\"http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/index.php?module=library&amp;cat_id=2\"><span style=\"color: #000099;\">Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 trang Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/a>]<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 13.5pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: black;\">updated: 2007<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<\/figure>\n<table width=\"510\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<p><strong>T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eed Qua Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong><em>Vi\u00ean Minh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table width=\"650\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<h2><strong>NG\u1ed8 NH\u1eacN T\u00cdNH BI QUAN TRONG L\u00c3O T\u1eec<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u00a0\u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C KINH<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Khi c\u00f2n sinh vi\u00ean, trong m\u00f4n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh (LT\u0110\u0110K) nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t hoang mang kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng bi quan v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 sau nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y L\u00e3o T\u1eed b\u1ecb h\u00e0m oan, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a qu\u00e1n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cb\u1ea5t tranh\u201d c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u00e0m v\u0103n h\u00f3a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng sao l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng nghe n\u00f3i L\u00e3o T\u1eed bi quan y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft L\u00e3o T\u1eed v\u00f4 vi ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 cao L\u00e3o T\u1eed khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa hay \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh g\u00e1n cho L\u00e3o T\u1eed nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nguy h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t bi quan ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eed, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i thi\u1ebfu th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13 c\u1ee7a LT\u0110\u0110K.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ghi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nguy\u00ean v\u0103n phi\u00ean \u00e2m H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13 LT\u0110\u0110K, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 theo d\u00f5i trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0I\/ a) S\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh. b) Qu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0II\/ H\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u201cS\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh\u201d? S\u1ee7ng vi h\u1ea1, \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ed nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh,<\/em>\u00a0th\u1ea5t\u00a0<em>chi nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh. Th\u1ecb v\u1ecb \u201cS\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>III\/ H\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u201cQu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n\u201d ? Ng\u00f4 s\u1edf d\u0129 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3, v\u1ecb ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u00e2n, c\u1eadp ng\u00f4 v\u00f4 th\u00e2n, ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu h\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n ?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>IV\/ C\u1ed1, qu\u00ed d\u0129 th\u00e2n vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 k\u00fd thi\u00ean h\u1ea1. \u00c1i d\u0129 th\u00e2n vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 th\u00e1c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1.<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gh\u00e9p c\u00e2u I.a v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o\u1ea1n II, v\u00e0 I.b v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o\u1ea1n III, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i s\u1ebd thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd s\u1eafp l\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>I.a) C\u00e2u\u00a0<em>\u201cS\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh\u201d<\/em>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<em>vinh v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh s\u1ee3.<\/em>\u00a0Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>s\u1ee7ng<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec\u00a0<em>s\u1ee7ng<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng. C\u00f2n\u00a0<em>kinh<\/em>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ee3 h\u1ea3i m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean trong s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb th\u01a1, khi b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u1edbi m\u1ebb, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb qui \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan, ch\u01b0a qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kinh nghi\u1ec7m hay k\u00fd \u1ee9c xen v\u00e0o. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0ng h\u1eedng khi th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cKi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1c\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i s\u01a1 nguy\u00ean gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c. LT\u0110\u0110K ch.19) ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<em>\u201cPh\u1ee5c qui \u01b0 ph\u00e1c\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0(Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c. LT\u0110\u0110K ch.28). Cho n\u00ean L\u00e3o T\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u01b0\u1ee3n h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 nh\u01b0\u00a0<em>\u201cx\u00edch t\u1eed\u201d, \u201canh nhi\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c ch\u00faa J\u00e9sus c\u0169ng n\u00f3i mu\u1ed1n v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc Tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u01b0 tr\u1ebb con. C\u00f2n Nietzsches th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i t\u1eeb thu th\u1eadp (l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0) \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf (s\u01b0 t\u1eed) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean (tr\u1ebb th\u01a1). V\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 trong tr\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ng\u00e3, nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang sanh, hay th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3 (Nissatto nijj\u00ecvo su\u00f1\u00f1a)<\/p>\n<p>T\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 trong tr\u1eafng \u0111\u00f3, L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta\u00a0<em>\u201chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u1edbi v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p><em>T\u1ecfa k\u1ef3 nhu\u1ec7<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Gi\u1ea3i k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>H\u00f2a k\u1ef3 quang<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0110\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 tr\u1ea7n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(LT\u0110\u0110K ch.56)<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ee5t b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y, b\u1ecf ph\u00e2n chia, h\u00f2a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00f9ng b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 vinh s\u1ee3 nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf, L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u00f2n th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh\u00a0<em>b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh \u2013 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p><em>H\u1eefu v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nan d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00ecnh<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Cao h\u1ea1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng khuynh<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00c2m\u00a0\u00a0thanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00f2a<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ti\u1ec1n h\u1eadu t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(LT\u0110\u0110K ch.2)<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng sinh, kh\u00f3 d\u1ec5 c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh, d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec3n, cao th\u1ea5p c\u00f9ng t\u1ef1a, gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i c\u00f9ng h\u00f2a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u00f9ng theo, v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi n\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u00fd ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u, khi n\u00f3i t\u1edbi c\u00e1i l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 so \u0111o v\u1edbi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m d\u1eef r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn L\u00e3o T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem\u00a0<em>\u201cvinh v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh s\u1ee3\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ee3 vinh nh\u1ee5c th\u00ec qu\u00e1 bi quan ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c so v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean ung dung t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi d\u1ea1y trong K\u1ec7 Kinh Dhammapada:<\/p>\n<p><em>Nh\u01b0 n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00f3 lay chuy\u1ec3n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u1eddi t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1eadc tr\u00ed hi\u1ec1n<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(Selo yath\u00e0 ekaghano<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0tena na sanurati<\/p>\n<p>Evam nind\u00e0pasams\u00e0su\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Na saminjanti pandit\u00e0)<\/p>\n<p>Ho\u1eb7c trong kinh Mangalasutta:<\/p>\n<p><em>Khi x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea7u<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>L\u00e0 ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(Phutthassa lokadhammehi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>Cittam yassa na kampati<\/p>\n<p>Asokam virajam khemam<\/p>\n<p>Etam mangalam uttamam)<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 so v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0<em>\u201cNhi\u1ec7m v\u1eadn th\u1ecbnh suy v\u00f4 b\u1ed1 \u00fay\u201d<\/em>\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc vinh nh\u1ee5c, doanh h\u01b0, ti\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u0169ng c\u00f2n thua xa ? T\u00f4i qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>kinh<\/em>\u00a0trong\u00a0<em>\u201cS\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh\u201d<\/em>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 kinh s\u1ee3 m\u00e0 n\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<em>kinh ng\u1ea1c\u00a0<\/em>hay<em>\u00a0ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/em>\u00a0m\u1edbi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. V\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a John C.H.WU, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 lu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i hoc Seton Hall c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>surprise<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>kinh<\/em>, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>s\u1ee7ng<\/em>\u00a0trong\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c\u201d<\/em>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch h\u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c \u00fd c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean\u00a0<em>s\u1ee7ng<\/em>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0<em>vinh<\/em>\u00a0nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng, vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn hay hoan h\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3n ti\u1ebfp. John C.H.WU d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<em>welcome<\/em>, c\u00f2n GiaFuFeng v\u00e0 Jane English d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<em>accept willingly<\/em>. C\u1ea3 ba d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 tuy d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Khi d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u01b0\u1ee3n ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>chu\u1ed9ng<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef s\u1ee7ng cho g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng xin \u0111\u1eebng hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a y\u00eau th\u00edch, s\u00f9ng \u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0\u00a0<em>s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn<\/em>\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 hay s\u1ee3 h\u1ea3i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec sao L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u1ea1i khuy\u00ean\u00a0<em>\u201cchu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ee5c\u201d?<\/em>\u00a0Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e1 kh\u00edch, nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, khi chu\u1ed9ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u1ecf c\u00e1i kia? Th\u1ef1c ra, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0a vinh gh\u00e9t nh\u1ee5c, tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khinh m\u1ea5t, ham vui ch\u00e1n kh\u1ed5 &#8230; n\u00ean t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u sinh ch\u00e1n v.v&#8230; theo lu\u1eadt\u00a0<em>ph\u1ea3n ph\u1ee5c<\/em>\u00a0t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, chu\u1ed9ng ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng tranh ng\u00f4i cao v\u1edbi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng sau ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 (<em>B\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 ti\u00ean<\/em>\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch.27). L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee7y<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ee7y thi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt nhi b\u1ea5t tranh.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>X\u1eed ch\u00fang nh\u00e2n chi s\u1edf \u1ed1, c\u1ed1 c\u01a1 \u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0<\/em>(LT\u0110\u0110K ch.8).<\/p>\n<p>(Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e9o l\u1ee3i mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tranh, \u1edf ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf, cho n\u00ean g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e3o T\u1eed th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eb9 (<em>Tr<\/em><em>\u1ecd<\/em><em>ng vi khinh c\u0103n<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K ch.8 ) ho\u1eb7c sang l\u1ea5y h\u00e8n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c, cao l\u1ea5y th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n\u00a0<em>(Qu\u00ed d\u0129 ti\u1ec7n vi b\u1ed5n, cao d\u0129 h\u1ea1 vi c\u01a1\u00a0<\/em>\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K ch.39 ). N\u00ean \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadn theo \u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng, tuy \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eb1ng sau m\u00e0 th\u00e2n l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tuy b\u1ecf th\u00e2n ra ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00e2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n (<em>H\u1eadu k\u1ef3 th\u00e2n nhi th\u00e2n ti\u00ean, ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 th\u00e2n nhi th\u00e2n t\u1ed3n<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K ch.7 )<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady\u00a0<em>\u201cS\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c\u201d<\/em>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u00e1i nh\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp d\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0<em>thu\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>, n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecdn gi\u1eefa vinh v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c th\u00ec b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd th\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu nh\u1ee5c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 tranh vinh, th\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh \u01b0u th\u1ebf. L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p><em>Tri k\u1ef3 h\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 k\u1ef3 th\u01b0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tri k\u1ef3 b\u1ea1ch th\u1ee7 k\u1ef3 h\u1eafc<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Tri k\u1ef3 vinh th\u1ee7 k\u1ef3 nh\u1ee5c<\/em>\u00a0(LT\u0110\u0110K ch.28)<\/p>\n<p>(Bi\u1ebft m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eef y\u1ebfu, bi\u1ebft tr\u1eafng gi\u1eef \u0111en, bi\u1ebft vinh gi\u1eef nh\u1ee5c). Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef y\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh gi\u1eef \u0111en l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eafng, gi\u1eef nh\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vinh. V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1i, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00f9i, \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u00ean cao m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee7ng th\u1ea5p, trong tr\u1eafng m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c (<em>Minh \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed9i, ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em><em>\u00a0<\/em><em>\u00a0c\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ee5c<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K ch.41). L\u00e3o T\u1eed t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng trong th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c\u201d<\/em>\u00a0m\u00e0 \u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n<p><em>T\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n chi\u00eau chi\u00eau<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00f4n h\u00f4n<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n s\u00e1t s\u00e1t<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c mu\u1ed9n mu\u1ed9n<\/em>\u00a0(LT\u0110\u0110K ch.20)<\/p>\n<p>(Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, ri\u00eang ta t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e2n minh, ri\u00eang ta h\u1ed5n \u0111\u1ed9n).<\/p>\n<p>Xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t LT\u0110\u0110K ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh:\u00a0<em>th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed9t, \u0111\u1ea1i doanh nh\u01b0\u1ee3c xung, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu &#8230;<\/em>\u00a0cho n\u00ean \u201cs\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c\u201d ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngu c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>B\u2013Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n II ch\u00ednh L\u00e3o T\u1eed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. \u00d4ng n\u00eau ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cH\u00e0 v\u1ecb s\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh\u201d?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>S\u1ee7ng vi h\u1ea1! \u0110\u1eafc chi nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh, th\u1ea5t chi nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u1ecb v\u1ecb \u201cs\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cSao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(V\u00ec) c\u1ee9 vui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i th\u1ea5p \u0111i (th\u00ec) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean,<\/em>\u00a0<em>m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean. N\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cchu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y. Theo nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ed5 b\u1ea3n c\u00e2u (2) c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ee7ng vi h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau Tr\u1ea7n C\u1ea3nh Nguy\u00ean, L\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o Thu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 Du Vi\u1ec7t cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft \u00fd,\u00a0\u00a0v\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, \u00fd ngh\u0129a\u00a0<em>\u201cvinh l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ee7ng vi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ee5c vi h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cvinh tr\u00ean nh\u1ee5c d\u01b0\u1edbi\u201d<\/em>\u00a0cho h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00eam th\u1eaft ch\u1ee7 quan nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00ec ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111inh ninh s\u1ee7ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vinh (nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb hay t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb). Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 xem n\u1eb7ng vinh nh\u1ee5c hay \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh b\u1edfi nh\u1ee5c vinh?<\/p>\n<p>Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ed5 b\u1ea3n\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ee7ng vi h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 v\u0103n l\u1eabn ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 s\u1ee7ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a y\u00eau chu\u1ed9ng, vui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e2u (I.a) n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. V\u1eady\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ee7ng vi h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0n\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cvui l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m\u201d<\/em>,\u00a0<em>\u201cvui nh\u1eadn thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cchu\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p\u201d<\/em>\u00a0cho g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng h\u01a1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Gia-Fu-Feng v\u00e0 Jane English l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cAccept being unimportant\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<em>\u201cWelcome being lowly\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n\u00a0<em>\u201cB\u1ea5t tranh nhi thi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u1eaft g\u00ec n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh sai l\u1ea7m l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chu\u1ed9ng cao m\u00e0 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u1ea5p \u1eaft l\u00e0 kh\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean cao m\u00e0 vui m\u1eebng bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec r\u1ed3i khi b\u1ecb xu\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. V\u00ec\u00a0<em>\u201ctr\u00e8o cao t\u00e9 n\u1eb7ng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt r\u1ea5t m\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5p, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng h\u1ee9ng ch\u1ecbu thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i, th\u00ec cao c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0ng m\u00e0 th\u1ea5p c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ee3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng v\u1eady m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng th\u1ebf &#8230; ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c v\u00f4 t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0<em>\u201cnh\u01b0 th\u1ecb\u201d<\/em>, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn\u00a0<em>ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a tr\u1ebb th\u01a1, h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean trong s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u201c<em>ki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1c\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3\u00a0<em>\u201ctuy\u1ec7t th\u00e1nh kh\u00ed tr\u00ed, d\u1ee9t nh\u00e2n b\u1ecf ngh\u0129a, d\u1ee9t x\u1ea3o b\u1ecf l\u1ee3i\u201d\u00a0<\/em>LT\u0110\u0110K ch.19 ). V\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 khi L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng\u00a0<em>\u201cC\u1ee9 vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i th\u1ea5p \u0111i th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean\u201d<\/em>, nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn 4 m\u00f9a, con chim ho\u00e0ng oanh h\u00f3t tr\u00ean canh li\u1ec5u ch\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3n xu\u00e2n sang, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p><em>Ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n lai<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1o b\u00e1ch hoa khai<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ho\u00e0ng oanh \u0111\u1ec1 li\u1ec5u th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Xin t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb s\u01a1 nguy\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Xu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1edf tr\u0103m hoa<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Li\u1ec5u xanh ho\u00e0ng oanh h\u00f3t.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C \u2013Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u (I.b)\u00a0<em>\u201cQu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 xem ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed\u201d<\/em>\u00a0nh\u01b0 danh t\u1eeb v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201ccao sang\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201ccao sang v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 th\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i e r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eeba sai c\u1ea3 ng\u1eef l\u1eabn ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3 v\u0103n l\u1eabn \u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 ng\u1eef v\u0103n, trong c\u00e2u\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do c\u00f3\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ea3. Ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cnh\u01b0\u1ee3c\u201d<\/em>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>v\u00ed b\u1eb1ng, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0<\/em>\u00a0&#8230; ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec7m cho \u00eam c\u00e2u v\u0103n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed\u201d<\/em>, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb, v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a\u00a0<em>cao sang<\/em>, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn<\/em>. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i s\u01a1 h\u1edf, non n\u1edbt khi d\u00f9ng hai v\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i \u201cqu\u00ed\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n\u201d kh\u00f4ng c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eabn n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 than tr\u00e1ch c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111em so v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n h\u1eadu b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t: Khi th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 than th\u00e2n tr\u00e1ch ph\u1eadn, khi th\u00ec l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra \u0111\u1ec1 cao, th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00ed c\u00e1i th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea1 h\u1ed3i ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed\u201d<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng<\/em>\u00a0hay\u00a0<em>\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao<\/em>. Ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee9 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean ch\u1eef qu\u00ed th\u00ec t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i. V\u1eady ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin d\u1ecbch\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 (ch\u00ednh ) th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m vua Pasenadi h\u1ecfi ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mallik\u00e0\u00a0\u00a0y\u00eau qu\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0N\u00e0y Mallik\u00e0, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu c\u00f3 ai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Trong khi nh\u00e0 vua \u0111ang hy v\u1ecdng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u1eddi x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u00e1i h\u1eadu \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mallik\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0\u00a0T\u00e2u \u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ebfp h\u01a1n ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n th\u1ea7n thi\u1ebfp c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00e1 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t hay ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i :\u00a0<em>\u201cD\u00f9 \u0111i kh\u1eafp m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai y\u00eau qu\u00ed h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e3 y\u00eau m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1edb h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Qu\u00ed m\u00ecnh hay qu\u00ed t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 sai, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch tr\u00e2n qu\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn khi qu\u00ed th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ly c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ecbnh, t\u1eed. Ngh\u0129 c\u0169ng th\u1eadt tr\u1edb tr\u00eau. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ed th\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00ed lu\u00f4n c\u00e1i ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ef1c ra, tuy sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ecbnh, t\u1eed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n sai l\u1ea7m, \u0111\u00f2i t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e2u thu\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, kh\u1ed5 s\u1ea7u v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1i th\u00e2n t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh y nh\u01b0 l\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 hay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u1ebfu thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 sinh, tr\u1ee5, d\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t hay th\u00e0nh, tr\u1ee5, ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 sinh, gi\u00e0, \u0111au, ch\u1ebft. Cho n\u00ean M\u1ea1nh T\u1eed m\u1edbi n\u00f3i:\u00a0<em>\u201cThi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba giai b\u1ecb \u01b0 ng\u00e3\u201d (Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i ta)\u00a0<\/em>l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y ra b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean tham \u01b0u, th\u1ee7 x\u1ea3 (\u01b0a gh\u00e9t, l\u1ea5y b\u1ecf). Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u01b0a th\u00edch, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh do b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ecdng c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y kia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n sinh tu h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea5n nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tho\u00e1t ly sinh, l\u00e3o, b\u1ecbnh, t\u1eed, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn tham v\u1ea5n m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; L\u00e0m sao tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh &#8211; l\u00e3o &#8211; b\u1ecbnh &#8211; t\u1eed?<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 than:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed9i cho sinh &#8211; l\u00e3o &#8211; b\u1ecbnh &#8211; t\u1eed tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi \u00f4ng! (Vi Ti\u1ebfu)<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, sinh &#8211; l\u00e3o &#8211; b\u1ecbnh &#8211; t\u1eed l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ly c\u1ee7a sinh m\u1ec7nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n sinh n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam n\u1eb1ng n\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f2i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb th\u00ec k\u1ec3 c\u0169ng phi\u1ec1n cho sinh-l\u00e3o-b\u1ecbnh-t\u1eed ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean th\u00e2n! Nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i li\u1ec7u thi\u1ec1n sinh kia c\u00f3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh &#8211; l\u00e3o &#8211; b\u1ec7nh &#8211; t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng, hay ch\u1ec9 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh chu\u1ed1c th\u00eam \u01b0u s\u1ea7u th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng ? \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p><em>T\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ee5c h\u1ea5p chi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng chi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c chi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 c\u01b0\u1eddng chi.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ee5c ph\u1ebf chi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 h\u01b0ng chi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ee5c \u0111o\u1ea1t chi<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 d\u1eef chi\u00a0<\/em>(LT\u0110\u0110K ch.36)<\/p>\n<p><em>(Toan thu \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i, \u1eaft m\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ra, Toan l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 y\u1ebfu, \u1eaft gi\u00fap \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh. Toan d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf \u0111\u00f3, \u1eaft t\u0103ng th\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3. Toan t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3, \u1eaft ban cho \u0111\u00f3)<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e1ng d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1ng m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn, r\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 nh\u00e8 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1nh c\u00e0ng m\u1ec7t m\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh con r\u1eafn v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh t\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn cho r\u00f5 th\u00ec\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean\u201d<\/em>, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn tr\u1ebb th\u01a1 trong s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ni s\u01b0 Di\u1ec7u Nh\u00e0n h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y khi n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p><em>Sinh l\u00e3o b\u1ecbnh t\u1eed<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>T\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>D\u1ee5c c\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t ly<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ecdc thi\u00eam tri\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>(Sanh gi\u00e0 \u0111au ch\u1ebft\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0X\u01b0a nay v\u1eabn th\u1ebf,\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0C\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ly<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0L\u1ea1i th\u00eam r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sinh &#8211; tr\u1ee5 &#8211; di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea7n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ba v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o, th\u1ea7n B\u1ea3o Tr\u00ec v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng minh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ba v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \u01b0a th\u1ea7n S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o v\u00e0 B\u1ea3o Tr\u00ec ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ai th\u00edch th\u1ea7n H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi thi\u00ean v\u1ecb b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>C\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 Th\u1ea7n H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng can thi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa \u0111i, th\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng s\u1ebd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ? L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n m\u00e3n m\u00e0 c\u1ecf c\u00e2y gai g\u1ed1c c\u0169ng m\u00e3n, r\u1eafn r\u00edt c\u1ecdp beo c\u0169ng m\u00e3n, ru\u1ed3i, nh\u1ec7n, giun, d\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1n h\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e3n&#8230;. ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n ch\u00fat c\u00f4ng phu khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00e2u thu\u1eabn c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng vua kia th\u1ea5y giang s\u01a1n c\u1ea9m t\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u1edf xa l\u00eca, nh\u01b0ng o\u00e1i \u0103m thay tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean l\u01b0ng. Vua bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n : \u201c\u01af\u1edbc chi tr\u1eabm s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i giang s\u01a1n g\u1ea5m v\u00f3c n\u00e0y\u201d. V\u1ecb c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n \u00e1i ng\u1ea1i th\u01b0a: \u201cT\u00e2u b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1, n\u1ebfu ti\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1eaft l\u00e0 b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y nay!\u201d<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady c\u00e2u:\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh\u201d<\/em>\u00a0hay d\u1ecbch tho\u00e1t h\u01a1n cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0110\u00e3 qu\u00ed c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u00ec th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i qu\u00ed lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d<\/em>. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch\u00a0<em>\u201ccao sang v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 th\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi quan ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 b\u1ecf c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111i th\u00ec h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, n\u00ean 500 v\u1ecb t\u1ef7 kheo \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ef1 s\u00e1t. Trong khi 500 v\u1ecb t\u1ef7 kheo kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 sanh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean\u00a0<em>\u201cchu\u1ed9ng nh\u1ee5c\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n\u00a0<em>\u201cb\u1ea5t tranh nhi thi\u1ec7n th\u1eafng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<em>\u201cnhu th\u1eafng c\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng c\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nguy\u00ean l\u00fd\u00a0<em>\u201ch\u1eadu k\u1ef3 th\u00e2n nhi th\u00e2n ti\u00ean, ngo\u1ea1i k\u1ef3 th\u00e2n nhi th\u00e2n t\u1ed3n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a LT\u0110\u0110K nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>D \u2013 B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem ch\u00ednh L\u00e3o T\u1eed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh\u201d<\/em>. Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n III n\u00e0y, L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u0169ng n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><em>H\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u201cqu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n\u201d?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00f4 s\u1edf d\u0129 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u00e2n,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>C\u1eadp ng\u00f4 v\u00f4 th\u00e2n ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu h\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n?<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cSao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00ed ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh\u201d?<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ta s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1n l\u1edbn v\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u00e2n,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Ch\u1eebng ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n ta sao c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1n?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd trong c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi n\u00e0y L\u00e3o T\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n\u201d m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed\u201d<\/em>. N\u1ebfu qu\u00ed l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb hay t\u00ednh t\u1eeb v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cao sang th\u00ec h\u1eb3n L\u00e3o T\u1eed ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u201cNg\u00f4 s\u1edf d\u0129 h\u1eefu qu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u00e2n, c\u1eadp ng\u00f4 v\u00f4 th\u00e2n ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu h\u00e0 qu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n\u201d m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y L\u00e3o T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u00ec qu\u00ed l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh t\u1eeb hay t\u00ednh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 x\u01b0a nay v\u1eabn ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00ec l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u th\u00e0nh hai chi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebd bi quan c\u00f2n chi\u1ec1u kia ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt tr\u1edb tr\u00eau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>a) Theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng bi quan, c\u00e2u\u00a0<em>\u201cNg\u00f4 s\u1edf d\u0129 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 v\u1ecb ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu th\u00e2n, c\u1eadp ng\u00f4 v\u00f4 th\u00e2n ng\u00f4 h\u1eefu h\u00e0 ho\u1ea1n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u1edbi kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 r\u1ed3i\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f4m na cho tr\u1eafng ra n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u00fd ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1eb7t c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u00ec m\u00e0y m\u00e0 tao kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i mang \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y!\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ed3i \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi qu\u00ea, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe, m\u1ed7i khi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c, c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u than th\u00e2n tr\u00e1ch ph\u1eadn:<\/p>\n<p>G\u00e1nh c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u00ean non<\/p>\n<p>Cong l\u01b0ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y c\u1ef1c c\u00f2n ch\u1ea1y theo<\/p>\n<p>Khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i r\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. C\u1ea3 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 l\u1eabn c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0<em>phi s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/em>\u00a0(appah\u00e0tabbam), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i l\u00f2ng tham \u00e1i d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00e2m s\u00e2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cphi h\u1eefu \u00e1i\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(vibhavatanh\u00e0), mu\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u0111i cho mau m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201ckh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(dukkhadukkha), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed3ng th\u00eam c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 do t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o l\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t th\u00e2n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi quan l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng\u00a0<em>\u201cphi h\u1eefu \u00e1i\u201d<\/em>\u00a0l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<p>S\u1edf d\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi quan nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u\u00a0<em>\u201cvinh v\u00e0 nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng kinh s\u1ee3\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 th\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>. Ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 bi quan d\u0129 nhi\u00ean k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng bi quan, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p>b) Nh\u01b0ng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai qu\u00ed th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n. V\u1eady c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n, th\u1ebf m\u00e0 toan lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>, ho\u1eb7c hi\u1ec3u cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c theo l\u1eddi v\u0103n h\u01a1n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u00e2n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n ch\u1eebng h\u1ebft th\u00e2n r\u1ed3i l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa\u201d<\/em>. Di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f9a nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra r\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n trong to\u00e0n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. H\u1eb3n \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u00f3 \u00fd tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ai c\u0169ng th\u00edch c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c khoan kho\u00e1i, ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y ai th\u00edch c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00e2m m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1t sau l\u01b0ng m\u00e0 ta ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn g\u00ec c\u1ea3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ta k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea1i li\u1ec7t. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mau mau \u0111i nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee9u ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111au k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i. V\u1eady c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean?<\/p>\n<p>Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 sinh ra m\u00e0 10 n\u0103m sau n\u00f3 v\u1eabn v\u1eady, 20 n\u0103m sau n\u00f3 v\u1eabn v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1eb3ng gi\u00e0 th\u00ec cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch cho n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e3 v\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i l\u1edbn, c\u00e1i gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u00ed ch\u1ee9.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00ed kh\u00f4ng? D\u0129 nhi\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng ai d\u00e1m tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00ed. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5y. C\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0o bao t\u1eed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111au b\u1ee5ng, u\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 ch\u00e9n thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c m\u00e0 ru\u1ed9t gan v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 t\u1ec9nh b\u01a1, h\u00edt kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ea7y ng\u1ef1c m\u00e0 van c\u1ed5 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00ed qu\u1ea3n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng h\u1eaft h\u01a1i, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7 ho\u1eb7c coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, nghe t\u1edbi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ee3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb th\u1eddi khai thi\u00ean l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd ch\u1eb3ng ai ch\u1ebft c\u1ea3 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ee5 gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u01a1n tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n y\u00eau \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t xin cho s\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa. Th\u1ea7n nh\u00edu m\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i nghe n\u00e0i n\u1ec9 m\u00e3i c\u0169ng cho. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u c\u1ee5 \u0111i kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, ng\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean, \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ngon, ng\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng, h\u01a1i th\u1edf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n thoi th\u00f3p&#8230; th\u1ebf m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng sao ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n. Th\u1ebf m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0o l\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u1ea1c quan t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n IV cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u00ednh bi quan ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<p>E \u2013 \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ednh l\u1ea1c quan t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n IV.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh thi\u1ec7t th\u00f2i (nh\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n) c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta vui l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u00fang (s\u1ee7ng, qu\u00ed), trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y L\u00e3o T\u1eed gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin th\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 s\u1edf d\u0129 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb l\u1ea1c quan t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00f3a tan \u00fd ni\u1ec7m bi quan ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau g\u00e1n cho L\u00e3o T\u1eed, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u1ea1c quan t\u00edch c\u1ef1c c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 xa v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110o\u1ea1n IV ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13 LT\u0110\u0110K g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai c\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng nhau ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 g\u00e2y ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Hai c\u00e2u k\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><em>\u201cC\u1ed1, qu\u00ed d\u0129 th\u00e2n vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 k\u00fd thi\u00ean h\u1ea1.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u00c1i d\u0129 th\u00e2n vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 th\u00e1c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u1ecbch, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin n\u00eau l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb trong \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>\n<p>1) Hai ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed\u201d\u00a0\u00a0<\/em>v\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201c\u00e1i\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u00fd c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cqu\u00ed\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ee7ng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0trong \u0111o\u1ea1n I, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i hay gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao s\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng \u00e1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<p>2) Ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cvi\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc hai c\u00e1ch. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u1ecb\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u00ec\u201d<\/em>. Hai l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cvi\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cl\u00e0m\u201d<\/em>. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0ng \u00fd s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n<p>3) Ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cthi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, tha nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, hay n\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c\u00a0<em>ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/em>\u00a0(yath\u00e0tathat\u00e0),\u00a0<em>th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh<\/em>\u00a0(sabhav\u00e0),\u00a0<em>th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/em>\u00a0hay\u00a0<em>ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh<\/em>\u00a0(dhammat\u00e0).<\/p>\n<p>4) Ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cth\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai ngh\u0129a: M\u1ed9t, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hai, \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sinh m\u1ec7nh g\u1ed3m t\u00e2m &#8211; sinh &#8211; v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u L\u00e3o T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, tr\u1eeb phi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea7m th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c sinh m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 \u201cta\u201d hay \u201cc\u1ee7a ta\u201d m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb hai ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u hai c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<u>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/u>:\u00a0<em>\u201cCho n\u00ean qu\u00ed (th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0) \u0111em th\u00e2n v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1edfi g\u1eafm. Y\u00eau (th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0) \u0111em th\u00e2n v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0<u>C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai<\/u>:\u00a0<em>\u201cCho n\u00ean, qu\u00ed (th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0) l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 giao ph\u00f3. Y\u00eau (th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0) l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u1eady nh\u1edd.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>C\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn th\u00edch c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai h\u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed, trong khi c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t h\u00e0m \u00fd h\u1eefu vi qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, \u00fd th\u1ee9 hai v\u1eeba \u1ea3o di\u1ec7u s\u00e2u xa, v\u1eeba thu\u1ea7n nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c, c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i ng\u00e3-nh\u00e2n. V\u1eady b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng so s\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>Trong c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ecb tha\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0111em th\u00e2n v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/em>. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00ec l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho \u0111\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd, hi\u1ebfm c\u00f3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi. Ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ed1ng v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m sao cho \u201cvinh th\u00e2n ph\u00ec gia\u201d. \u00cdt ai ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tha nh\u00e2n, hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9, con c\u00e1i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng th\u00f4n x\u00f3m hay qu\u1ed1c gia d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 ri\u00eang t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng th\u00ec t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb v\u1ecb tha m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f2n v\u1ecb k\u1ef7. B\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u01b0a lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u201ccon t\u00f4i\u201d, \u201ccha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i\u201d, \u201cgia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i\u201d, \u201ct\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c t\u00f4i\u201d&#8230; cho n\u00ean ai \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0<em>\u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eefa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ec3 theo m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hay m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean.\u00a0<em>\u201cL\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d<\/em>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn\u00a0<em>\u201cl\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a anh\u201d<\/em>.\u00a0<em>\u201cT\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d<\/em>\u00a0cao si\u00eau h\u01a1n\u00a0<em>\u201ct\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a anh\u201d.<\/em>\u00a0Do \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb tha h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0111em th\u00e2n v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3). Ti\u1ec3u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (\u0110\u1ea1i ng\u00e3). Cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edbm tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u00e3, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 l\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, bao la v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, tr\u01b0\u1eddng sanh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. Nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t cho c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 kh\u00f4n ngu\u00f4i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh ph\u00f3ng l\u1edbn l\u00f2ng tham kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1y c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady d\u00f9 l\u1edbn bao nhi\u00eau hay v\u1ecb tha c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7\u00a0\u00a0<em>\u201cm\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady, g\u1edfi g\u1eafm\u201d<\/em>. V\u00ec h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ecb tha c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, tuy cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa v\u1eabn n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n &#8211; ngh\u0129a, ng\u00e3 &#8211; nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb tha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u00eau b\u00e0i s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n m\u1edd \u00e1m \u1ea9n n\u00fap v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ee7 l\u1ee3i ri\u00eang t\u01b0 v\u00e0 khoe khoang b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. C\u00f2n t\u1ec7 h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em t\u01b0 \u00fd, t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n d\u0129 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong qui lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng b\u1ea5t an x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n.<\/p>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tha trong v\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n &#8211; ngh\u0129a th\u00ec ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o. T\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0<em>ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0<em>c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>\u00a0th\u1eadt s\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh\u00a0\u00a0b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ebf h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a\u201d\u00a0<\/em>(<em>\u0110\u1ea1o l\u1edbn m\u1ea5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a)<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K. Ch 18. V\u1eady l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha nh\u00e2n \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i, khi gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1eb7t d\u1ee9t nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a (<em>tuy\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n kh\u00ed ngh\u0129a<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0) \u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 19.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ecb tha th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u00f4 k\u1ef7, v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 danh\u201d<\/em>, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, \u0111em s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng cho v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ai, ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng v\u1ecb tha n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb tha m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tha \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i:\u00a0<em>\u201cTh\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c, th\u1ecb d\u0129 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>\u00a0\u201d (<em>\u0110\u1ee9c cao v\u1eddi v\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9c, n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>)- LT\u0110\u0110K, ch 38.<\/p>\n<p>Do \u0111\u00f3, L\u00e3o T\u1eed ch\u1eb3ng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u1ecf ra v\u1ecb tha, khi \u00f4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 vi nhi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00e3 hi\u1ebfu t\u1ecbnh nhi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 s\u1ef1 nhi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ph\u00fa,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Ng\u00e3 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c nhi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1c.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(<em>Ta v\u00f4 vi m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a, ta l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang, ta th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e0u, ta v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 d\u00e2n m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c<\/em>). V\u00ec \u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Va v\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng: V\u1ecb tha m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quan, khi can thi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (<em>H\u00f3a nhi d\u1ee5c t\u00e1c ng\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea5n chi<\/em>\u00a0)\u00a0\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K, ch.37.<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cNh\u1eadp l\u00e2m b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1p th\u1ea3o, nh\u1eadp th\u1ee7y b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng ba\u201d (<em>v\u00e0o r\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabm c\u1ecf, v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f3ng ch\u1eb3ng xao<\/em>), \u0111\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean khai h\u00f3a ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e1 t\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n<p>Cho n\u00ean, khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn xin truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p, L\u1ee5c T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng n\u00f3i (\u0111\u1ea1i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng):\u00a0<em>Ta ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p (ri\u00eang) n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n, ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ng\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u xin ai c\u1ea3.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 khai th\u1ecb cho ch\u00fang sinh t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 tu, t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadp. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n<p><em>Do t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m \u00e1c,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Do t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Do t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Do t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>U\u1ebf t\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m ai t\u1ecbnh.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(Attan\u00e0 va kata\u1e43\u00a0p\u00e0pa\u1e43,<\/p>\n<p>Attan\u00e0 samkilissati<\/p>\n<p>Attan\u00e0 akatam p\u00e0pa\u1e43<\/p>\n<p>Attan\u00e0 va visujjhati<\/p>\n<p>Suddhi asudhi paccatta\u1e43<\/p>\n<p>Na\u00f1\u00f1o a\u00f1\u00f1a\u1e43\u00a0visodhaye)<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3 hai b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng v\u1ecb tha \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. L\u00e3o T\u1eed khuy\u00ean\u00a0<em>\u201cd\u1ee9t nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a\u201d<\/em>, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y\u00a0<em>\u201cb\u1ecf ng\u00e3 &#8211; nh\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ai kh\u00e1c (ko hi n\u00e0tho parosiy\u00e0), m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ra\u00a0<em>\u201ct\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u1ed5n t\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 t\u00fac\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd\u00a0<em>\u201cvi v\u00f4 vi t\u1eafc v\u00f4 b\u1ea5t tr\u1ecb<\/em>\u00a0\u201d (<em>L\u00e0m m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u1eaft kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K, ch 3) c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eefu vi, c\u0169ng ca ng\u1ee3i tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u00f3, khi \u00f4ng n\u00f3i:\u00a0<em>\u201cKh\u01b0u v\u0103n T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh, b\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi b\u1ea5t lo\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1o nhi t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(Kh\u01b0u n\u00e0y nghe ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Tay c\u00f3 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng r\u0103n d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m). V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed\u00a0\u00a0m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 v\u00f4 vi uy\u00ean \u00e1o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>vi<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u1ecb\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/em>, tuy n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ecb tha r\u1ea5t cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, thi h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch th\u1ee9 hai:\u00a0<em>\u201cQu\u00ed (th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0) l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 giao ph\u00f3. Y\u00eau (th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0) l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1, \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u1eady nh\u1edd.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p>D\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a v\u1eeba \u00fd. Tuy ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>vi<\/em>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>l\u00e0m<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft \u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb\u00a0<em>\u201cthi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a, do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean.\u00a0<em>\u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi\u201d<\/em>\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n, hay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean, m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<em>ph\u00e1p t\u00e1nh, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i<\/em>, hay g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>ph\u00e1p<\/em>\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<p>Khi n\u00f3i:\u00a0<em>\u201cD\u1ecbch, v\u00f4 vi gi\u1ea3, v\u00f4 t\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, t\u1ecbch nhi\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ea3m nhi to\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 chi c\u1ed1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(<em>D\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, v\u00f4 t\u01b0 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1edbi c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng m\u00e0 su\u1ed1t th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1<\/em>), th\u00ec t\u1eeb\u00a0<em>\u201cthi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1eeb\u00a0<em>\u201cthi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<p>Theo \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, qua k\u00ednh m\u00e0u \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p\u00a0<em>\u201cth\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0<em>\u201cng\u00e3\u201d<\/em>, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan chung quanh th\u00e0nh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 quan\u00a0<em>\u201cng\u00e3 s\u1edf\u201d<\/em>. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (sabhava) hay \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf (paramattha) tuy c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (pannatti) \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ee7 quan v\u00e0 m\u00e9o m\u00f3. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<em>\u201cCh\u1ea5p gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5t chi<\/em>\u00a0\u201d (H\u00f2ng n\u1eafm \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec l\u1ea1i m\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K, ch 64), v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9\u00a0\u00a0loay hoay v\u1edbi c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111inh ninh n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i l\u1eb7n h\u1ee5p trong \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh &#8211; b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c &#8211; m\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n- thua, vui &#8211; kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1edb tr\u00eau thay, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, n\u00ean b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tr\u0103m sai, ngh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c. T\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu. V\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111i\u00ean h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u, t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t, toan c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 v\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c th\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c \u2013 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao si\u00eau, nh\u1eefng \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n<p>Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au bi \u0111\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan:\u00a0<em>xem c\u00e1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/em>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u1eeb khi\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0111em th\u00e2n l\u00e0m ng\u00e3\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1ch n\u00f3 ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean hay ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, r\u1ed3i t\u00f4 v\u1ebd cho n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng phong th\u00e1i, nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 quan, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e0o n\u1eb7n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, t\u00f9y theo t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c t\u01b0 \u00fd, t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua g\u00f3p nh\u1eb7t kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft nh\u1eefng r\u1ed1i ren b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<em>\u201cQu\u00ed th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d\u00a0<\/em>ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p th\u00e2n l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 ri\u00eang t\u01b0<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cl\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/em>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i\u00a0<em>\u201ct\u1ee9 h\u1ea3i giai huynh \u0111\u1ec7\u201d<\/em>, m\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201chuynh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7 t\u00fac\u201d<\/em>, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i\u00a0<em>\u201cth\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e2n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p, tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0\u00a0<em>\u201cv\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb tha\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng h\u01a1n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t\u00a0<em>\u201ch\u1eefu ng\u00e3 v\u1ecb tha\u201d<\/em>\u00a0trong ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<p>Cho n\u00ean,\u00a0<em>\u201cl\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng cai th\u00e2n ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn (k\u00e0yadi\u1e6d\u1e6dhi \u2013 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt), \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean. B\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac L\u00e3o T\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<em>ngu\u1ed3n<\/em>\u00a0(th\u1ec9) ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<em>m\u1eb9\u00a0<\/em>(m\u1eabu). \u00d4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p>Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec9,<\/p>\n<p>D\u0129 vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u1eabu,<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fd \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 m\u1eabu<\/p>\n<p>D\u0129 tri k\u1ef3 t\u1eed,<\/p>\n<p>K\u00fd tri k\u1ef3 t\u1eed,<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ee5c th\u1ee7 k\u1ef3 m\u1eabu,<\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3i.<\/p>\n<p>(LT\u0110 \u0110K, Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 52)<\/p>\n<p><em>(Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9, th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con, l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9, tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ed7i)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Con \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m &#8211; sinh &#8211; v\u1eadt l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n). Th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung, t\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ebfp trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. Khi th\u00e2n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, th\u00ec n\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp. C\u0169ng v\u1eady khi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0m ng\u00e3 s\u1edf, n\u00f3 li\u1ec1n b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 quan. Ngu\u1ed3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i. Nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9 (thi\u00ean h\u1ea1) \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t con (th\u00e2n) ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u00e2n (con) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng (m\u1eb9). Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00e3o T\u1eed g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201cquy c\u0103n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0hay\u00a0<em>\u201cph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng\u201d<\/em>. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c quy k\u1ef3 c\u0103n,<\/p>\n<p>Qui c\u0103n vi\u1ebft t\u1ecbnh,<\/p>\n<p>Th\u1ecb v\u1ecb ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng,<\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng vi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n<p>Tri th\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ebft minh.\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>(LT\u0110\u0110K ch 16)<\/p>\n<p><em>(M\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c, v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 minh).<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Cho n\u00ean\u00a0<em>\u201cl\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<em>qui c\u0103n<\/em>, l\u00e0\u00a0<em>ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng,<\/em>\u00a0l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch quang minh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0<em>\u201chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/em>, vo ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt\u00a0<em>(T\u1ecfa k\u1ef3 nhu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n, h\u00f2a k\u1ef3 quang, \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 tr\u1ea7n)<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa thuy\u1ebft\u00a0<em>\u201cti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n\u00a0<em>\u201cqui c\u0103n, ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0trong c\u00e2u\u00a0<em>\u201cl\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0hay c\u00e2u\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed. B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong thuy\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng xem ra v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1m v\u00edu th\u1ee7 ch\u1ea5p. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt xem \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u1ed7\u00a0<em>\u201csinh y\u201d<\/em>. Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng xem \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u s\u00e0o tr\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m nh\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f2n\u00a0<em>\u201ctr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn g\u00ec c\u1ea3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft hoa nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef\u00a0<em>\u201cngu\u1ed3n, m\u1eb9, quy c\u0103n, ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng\u201d<\/em>\u00a0v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt khi ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c b\u00f3p m\u00e9o.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0: \u201cth\u1ec9 sinh chi x\u1ee9, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 t\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n, b\u1ea3n lai di\u1ec7n\u00a0\u00a0m\u1ee5c (sacca mukkha), b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (yath\u00e0bhut\u00e0), th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n (sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko), \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf (paramattha), t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean (sabh\u00e0va), t\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n lai x\u1ee9, l\u00f4 s\u01a1n ch\u00e2n di\u1ec7n, th\u1eddi v\u1ecb trung ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c h\u1eefu th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c, thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 chi l\u00fd, v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f9 hay c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (pannatti), trong khi c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00f4 danh, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i\u00a0<em>\u201cd\u1ecb gi\u1ea3n nhi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 chi l\u00fd \u0111\u1eafc h\u1ef7\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<em>(gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb m\u00e0 t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>C\u0169ng v\u1eady,\u00a0<em>\u201ctr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m\u201d<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i Ng\u00e3 hay Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 cao si\u00eau huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o. Nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf, b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u00e2u xa b\u1edfi v\u00ec:<\/p>\n<p><em>C\u00e0n kh\u00f4n t\u1eadn th\u1ecb mao \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Nh\u1eadt nguy\u1ec7t bao h\u00e0m gi\u1edbi t\u1eed trung.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>(Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Kh\u00e1nh H\u1ef7)<\/p>\n<p>Xin t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><em>H\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i g\u1ed3m th\u00e2u lu\u00f4n nh\u1eadt nguy\u1ec7t,<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>\u0110\u1ea7u l\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1eadn c\u1ea3 c\u00e0n kh\u00f4n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u00a0<em>(th\u1ecb ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee5 ph\u00e1p v\u1ecb)<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n, l\u00e0 qui c\u0103n, l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u201c<em>bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con, l\u1ea1i gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb9\u201d<\/em>\u00a0nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 L\u00e3o T\u1eed m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ed1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p\u201d<\/em>\u00a0(dhamm\u00e0nudhamma patipanno viharati). \u0110\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Jesus d\u1ea1y\u00a0<em>\u201cV\u00e2ng \u00fd Cha\u201d<\/em>, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y\u00a0<em>\u201cthu\u1eadn thi\u00ean l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh\u201d<\/em>, tuy ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<em>\u201ctr\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ec7 t\u1ecbch\u201d<\/em>?<\/p>\n<p>D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. \u201cTr\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ec7 t\u1ecbch\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 hi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n lai thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, cho n\u00ean tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi \u201ctr\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00ec ngay khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1edbn c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n ra. \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o. Khi c\u00f2n trong v\u00f2ng ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng sao d\u00f9ng h\u1ebft. L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o xung nhi d\u1ee5ng chi ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t doanh\u201d<\/em>\u00a0<em>(\u0110\u1ea1o tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u00e3i v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y)<\/em>. Tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c xen v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u00edch c\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i: thi\u1ec7n &#8211; \u00e1c, ng\u00e3 &#8211; nh\u00e2n, n\u00ean d\u00f9 c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gian, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh, m\u1edbi tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n &#8211; \u00e1c, ng\u00e3 &#8211; nh\u00e2n n\u00ean d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi ng\u00e3 nh\u00e2n, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c\u00a0<em>\u201cl\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>\u00a0th\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 giao ph\u00f3, c\u1eady nh\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 minh h\u1ecda c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c, qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u1ea1n\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p\u00a0<em>\u201cl\u1ea5y th\u00e2n l\u00e0m thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/em>, xem\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean\u201d<\/em>, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u00a0<em>\u201cTh\u1ebf \u00e0!\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0trong t\u1eadp\u00a0<em>G\u00f3p Nh\u1eb7t C\u00e1t \u0110\u00e1<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Muju nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<p><em>Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Kakuin l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc tu h\u00e0nh thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi quanh v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ca ng\u1ee3i. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ti\u1ec7m b\u00e1n d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m g\u1ea7n ch\u1ed7 Kakuin \u1edf, c\u00f3 thai.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn b\u1eaft c\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i khai ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y c\u00f4 l\u00e0 ai. Sau nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n gi\u1ea5u gi\u1ebfm, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f4 khai l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kakuin.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Khi cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i n\u1ed5i tr\u1eadn l\u00f4i \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ecm Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Kakuin \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1ch m\u1eafng. Kakuin ch\u1ec9 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean v\u1ecfn v\u1eb9n hai ti\u1ebfng \u201cTh\u1ebf \u00e0!\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Sau khi \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 ra \u0111\u1eddi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em giao cho Kakuin. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Kakuin m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft danh d\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n lo \u0111i xin s\u1eefa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c chu to\u00e0n.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>M\u1ed9t n\u0103m sau, c\u00f4 g\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa. C\u00f4 th\u00fa th\u1eadt v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9 r\u1eb1ng cha th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean b\u00e1n c\u00e1 ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ee3.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Cha m\u1eb9 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1 l\u1ed7i Kakuin v\u00e0 xin \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 v\u1ec1. Kakuin c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean hai ti\u1ebfng \u201cTh\u1ebf \u00e0!\u201d r\u1ed3i vui v\u1ebb giao ho\u00e0n \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Kakuin \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7\u00a0<em>\u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, m\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean\u201d<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0trong\u00a0<em>\u201cs\u1ee7ng nh\u1ee5c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh\u201d<\/em>\u00a0c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed v\u1eady<\/p>\n<p>*<\/p>\n<p>*\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0*<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 13 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i nh\u1ea5t trong gi\u1edbi d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i, su\u1ed1t h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n n\u0103m nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ng\u00e3 ng\u0169. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y thi\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 mong \u0111\u00ednh ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh bi quan ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd tranh bi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt hay l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u1eady n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u1ea5t nghi xin c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao minh x\u00e1 mi\u1ec5n cho.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<figure>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"width: 382.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" border=\"0\" width=\"510\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;\">\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 18.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: maroon;\">T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eed Qua Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><b><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; color: maroon;\">Vi\u00ean Minh<\/span><\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\"><hr style=\"width: 150.0pt;\" align=\"center\" noshade=\"noshade\" size=\"2\" width=\"200\" \/><\/div>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"width: 487.5pt; background-image: initial; background-position: initial; background-size: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial;\" border=\"1\" width=\"650\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt 7.5pt;\">\n<h2 style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">TH\u1eec D\u1ecaCH V\u00c0 L\u00dd GI\u1ea2I L\u1ea0I CH\u01af\u01a0NG I L\u00c3O T\u1eec<br \/><\/span><\/b><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ea0O \u0110\u1ee8C KINH<\/span><\/b><\/h2>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, trong b\u00e1o C\u1ea3o Th\u01a1m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u201cG\u00f3p \u00fd v\u1ec1 hai ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Danh trong L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh\u201d. N\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u00a0ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0I.\u00a0LT\u0110\u0110K ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y. Ti\u1ebfc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfp. Nay nh\u00e2n vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u201cNg\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn t\u00ednh bi quan ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c trong LT\u0110\u0110K\u201d ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I, LT\u0110\u0110K theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Hai c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I LT\u0110\u0110K, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn gi\u1eef quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 c\u0169 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam b\u1edbt v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i to\u00e0n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00f3i l\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed. Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i c\u1ed1t t\u1eed tinh th\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh mu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tranh lu\u1eadn h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m nay v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt l\u1eabn l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng so s\u00e1nh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trung th\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ghi nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m ph\u1ea9y v\u1ec1 sau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ghi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nguy\u00ean v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o Danh kh\u1ea3 danh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng Danh v\u00f4 danh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba chi th\u1ec9 h\u1eefu Danh\u00a0<span style=\"color: black;\">v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0chi m\u1eabu c\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c d\u0129 quan k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c d\u0129 quan k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfu th\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t nhi d\u1ecb danh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb chi huy\u1ec1n huy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n ch\u00fang di\u1ec7u chi m\u00f4n.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ch\u1eef ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u, d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 chi ti\u1ebft c\u00f2n t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t th\u00ec v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ghi ra c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft c\u00e2u m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1.<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">a) \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1o phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">b)Danh kh\u1ea3 Danh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng Danh.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2.<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">a) V\u00f4 danh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba chi th\u1ec9,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 45.0pt; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">b) H\u1eefu danh\u00a0<span style=\"color: black;\">v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt<\/span>\u00a0chi m\u1eabu<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">3.<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ed1<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><i>a) Th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c d\u0129 quan k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><i>b) Th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c d\u0129 quan k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfu<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">4.<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">a) Th\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t nhi d\u1ecb danh. \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb chi huy\u1ec1n, huy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang di\u1ec7u chi m\u00f4n.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">A\/ B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e2u I.a. V\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ng\u1eaft v\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y gi\u1eefa\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cphi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d<\/i>. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai v\u1ebf ri\u00eang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ghi nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh (in l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec, n\u0103m 1970) do c\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh (nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, n\u0103m 1991, do c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o (m\u00e0 ta) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng (c\u00f2n) ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">3)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n V\u0103n H\u00f3a, n\u0103m 1994) do c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea d\u1ecbch: \u201c<i>\u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u0129nh c\u1eedu b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">4)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n Lao Tzu Tao Teh Ching (St. John\u2019s University Press, New York 1961) do John C. H. Wu d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cTao can be talked about, but not the Eternal Tao\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">5)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n Lao Tsu Tao Te Ching (Vintage Books Edition, September 1972) do Gia-Fu Feng v\u00e0 Jane English d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cThe Tao that can be told is not the Eternal Tao\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">6)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a J. L. L. Duyvendak (Maisonneuve, 1953):\u00a0<i>\u201cLa Voie vraiment voie est autre qu\u2019une Voie constante\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd xem ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1o th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec trong \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3i, b\u00e0n, g\u1ecdi, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 J. L. L Duyvendak cho l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb, n\u00ean \u00f4ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00ec kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Duyvendak v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi \u00f4ng c\u1ea3 ba ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1o trong c\u00e2u\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1o phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y sau, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin b\u00e0n qua v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh m\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o, Danh mu\u1ed1n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3. C\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh, theo l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Do\u00e3n H\u1ef7, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean l\u1ec7nh quan gi\u1eef \u1ea3i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u0111i v\u00e0o sa m\u1ea1c mai danh \u1ea9n t\u00edch. Nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1eadu b\u1ed1i \u1ea9n danh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed, m\u01b0\u1ee3n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 vi v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e3o c\u1edfi tr\u00e2u thong dong th\u1ebf ngo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1eefu Vi c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng, M\u1eb7c. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh ph\u1ea3i ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng sau Kh\u1ed5ng, M\u1eb7c v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ea1nh, Trang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 trong L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n Kh\u1ed5ng, M\u1eb7c nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><b>&#8211; Ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o Ng\u0169 Th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/b>\u00a0(Nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, l\u1ec5, tr\u00ed, t\u00edn). L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cTh\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1o nhi h\u1eadu \u0110\u1ee9c, th\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c nhi h\u1eadu nh\u00e2n, th\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n nhi h\u1eadu ngh\u0129a, th\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a nhi h\u1eadu l\u1ec5, ph\u00f9 l\u1ec5 gi\u1ea3, trung t\u00edn chi b\u1ea1c nhi lo\u1ea1n chi th\u1ee7.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(M\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1o m\u1edbi t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c, m\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c m\u1edbi t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n, m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi t\u1edbi ngh\u0129a, m\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a m\u1edbi t\u1edbi l\u1ec5. \u00d4i l\u1ec5 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1ecfng manh c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng trung t\u00edn m\u00e0 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 38<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; D\u1eb9p th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec1n<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0(Th\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vua ch\u00faa \u0111\u1ea1t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1o theo Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed, c\u00f2n hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c song to\u00e0n theo M\u1eb7c T\u1eed). L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh vi\u1ebft:\u00a0<i>\u201cTuy\u1ec7t th\u00e1nh kh\u00ed tr\u00ed, d\u00e2n l\u1ee3i b\u00e1ch b\u1ed9i\u201d<\/i><\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(<\/span><\/i><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">D\u1eb9p th\u00e1nh b\u1ecf tr\u00ed d\u00e2n l\u1ee3i tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 19. B\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc minh qu\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111em m\u01b0u tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ecb d\u00e2n, tuy d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e0u sang sung t\u00fac nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i sinh ra tham \u0111\u1eafm trong b\u1ea3 l\u1ee3i danh. Chi b\u1eb1ng\u00a0<i>\u201cTh\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u00e2n v\u00f4 tri v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c<\/i>) &#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 3, th\u00ec d\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ecdng d\u1ee5ng b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a M\u1eb7c gia th\u00ec L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh vi\u1ebft:\u00a0<i>\u201cB\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec1n, s\u1eed d\u00e2n b\u1ea5t tranh\u201d<\/i><i>(Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 cao hi\u1ec1n t\u00e0i khi\u1ebfn d\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng tranh gi\u00e0nh)<\/i>\u00a0\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 3. \u0110i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n B\u00e0ng Quy\u00ean T\u00f4n T\u1ea9n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00ec tranh t\u00e0i danh m\u00e0 h\u1ea1i nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi\u00a0<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(Thi\u00ean) ho\u1eb7c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf (\u0110\u1ebf) h\u1eefu th\u1ec3, d\u00f9 d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh vi\u1ebft\u00a0<i>\u201cThi\u00ean ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d<\/i><i>(Tr\u1eddi b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ea1o)<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 25. Ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<i>\u201cH\u1eefu v\u1eadt h\u1ed7n th\u00e0nh, ti\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba sanh\u2026 ng\u00f4 b\u1ea5t tri k\u1ef3 danh, t\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d<\/i><i>(C\u00f3 v\u1eadt h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, sinh ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t\u2026 ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec, n\u00ean t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o)<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 25. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9ng m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y, kh\u00f4ng ai sinh ra n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf\u00a0<i>(\u0110\u1ea1o xung nhi d\u1ee5ng chi ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t doanh\u2026 ng\u00f4 b\u1ea5t tri th\u00f9y chi t\u1eed, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf chi ti\u00ean\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef thi\u00ean\u00a0\u00a0(Thi\u00ean chi \u0110\u1ea1o) nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean trong tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; B\u00e1c b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n theo \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1eefu vi.<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0T\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c trong L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong s\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc:\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc chi \u0110\u1ea1o, t\u1ea1i minh minh \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1ea1i th\u00e2n d\u00e2n, t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 \u01b0 ch\u00ed thi\u1ec7n.\u201d<\/i><i>(\u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1i \u0110\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng, \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n, \u1edf ch\u1ed7 d\u1eebng n\u01a1i ch\u00ed thi\u1ec7n).\u00a0<\/i>Cho n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cTu vi chi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p\u201d<\/i>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n tu ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 khai h\u00f3a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ch\u00ed thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00ed thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ea1o trong L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00f4 vi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 khai h\u00f3a\u00a0<i>(\u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 vi\u2026 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a<\/i>\u00a0) LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 37), uy\u00ean \u00e1o thanh t\u1ecbnh\u00a0<i>(uy\u00ean h\u1ec1, tr\u1ea1m\u00a0<\/i>) &#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 4, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 do n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u201cch\u00ed thi\u1ec7n\u201d do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n m\u00e0 l\u00f2ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng mu\u1ed1n v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Tam C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u0169 Th\u01b0\u1eddng, Tam T\u00f2ng, T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ee9c v.v\u2026 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao ch\u00ed thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu? Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, tu th\u00e2n, t\u1ec1 gia, tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, b\u00ecnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7t ra theo th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? N\u1ebfu v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd do th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 11.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; B\u00e0i x\u00edch l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng danh. Theo Nho h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/b><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c, r\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng b\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 danh g\u00ec v\u1edbi n\u00fai s\u00f4ng\u201d<\/i>. L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0<i>\u201cv\u00f4 k\u1ef7, v\u00f4 c\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 danh\u201d<\/i>. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u00ec c\u0169ng\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh nhi ph\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u201d<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(<i>vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i)\u00a0<\/i>&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 2, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u00f4ng to\u1ea1i th\u00e2n tho\u00e1i, thi\u00ean chi \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d<\/i><i>(\u0110\u1ea1o l\u00fd gi\u1eefa tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 xong vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec lui th\u00e2n)<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 9, ho<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u1eb7<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">c\u00a0<i>\u201cC\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t danh h\u1eefu\u201d<\/i><i>(vi\u1ec7c xong kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ean)<\/i>\u00a0\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K ch.34), v\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1ed1n k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i (<i>\u0110\u1ea1o \u1ea9n v\u00f4 danh<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 41.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1eefu Vi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1o trong c\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o V\u00f4 vi, \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1ea1m \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ea1o (1) kh\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1o (2) phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o (3).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">a\/\u00a0<i>\u0110\u1ea1o (1)<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc do l\u00fd tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbc (v\u00e9rit\u00e9 conventionnelle), ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (v\u00e9rit\u00e9 relative). Trong Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf (sammuti sacca), ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1eefu vi c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng, M\u1eb7c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">b\/\u00a0<i>\u0110\u1ea1o (2)<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 vi, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c trong t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh. Nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<i>ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0<\/i>\u00a0(yath\u00e0bh\u00f9ta)\u00a0<i>th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh<\/i>\u00a0(sabh\u00e0va), n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i l\u00fd tr\u00ed, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0<i>ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh<\/i>\u00a0(v\u00e9rit\u00e9 finale) ho\u1eb7c\u00a0<i>ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i<\/i>\u00a0(v\u00e9rit\u00e9 absolute). Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<i>ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0<i>\u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf<\/i>\u00a0(paramattha sacca), ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n vi, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">c\/\u00a0<i>\u0110\u1ea1o (3)<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o (2) nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c. Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, v\u0129nh c\u1eedu hay b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch. Trong \u0110\u1ea1o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 vi, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Trong\u00a0<i>Vi Ti\u1ebfu<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 tu ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 li\u1ec1n h\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 tin m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh c\u1eedu kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">S\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3a hoa ph\u00f9 dung v\u1eeba m\u1edbi n\u1edf, n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; C\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0129nh c\u1eedu.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d kia m\u00e0?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">S\u01b0 n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Th\u1ebf \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu sao?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Tuy \u0111\u00f3a hoa ph\u00f9 dung s\u1edbm n\u1edf t\u1ed1i t\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n t\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng (t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 vi) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o. Th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, v\u0129nh c\u1eedu, m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201ceternal\u201d, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1t khao m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng. V\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00e1t-na sinh di\u1ec7t, hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi th\u1eddi gian (ak\u00e0liko), m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i (ph\u00e1p \u2013 dhamma). Trong Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u00edt khi d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng trong th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u01a1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1eddng). Do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean ch\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ea5t h\u00e0m s\u00fac, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ri\u00eang ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201ckh\u1ea3\u201d<\/i>\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb. \u0110\u00fang ra n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb (auxiliary verb), nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb theo sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c (hi\u1ec3u ng\u1ea7m) \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u \u0111\u00fang s\u00e1u ch\u1eef. Trong thi ph\u00fa c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng. Cho n\u00ean ch\u1eef \u201ckh\u1ea3\u201d ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u201c<b>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 la<\/b>,\u00a0<b>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3<\/b><b>cho l\u00e0<\/b>,\u00a0<b>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/b><b>\u0111em so s\u00e1nh v\u01a1i\u201d<\/b>. V\u1eady to\u00e0n c\u00e2u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o h\u1eefu vi (1) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o th\u1ef1c (2) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng (3)\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ea1o h\u1eefu vi do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi thi\u1ebft (nh\u00e2n vi) nh\u01b0 Tam c\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng, Tam t\u00f2ng, T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u1ecb tha, ki\u00eam \u00e1i v.v\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111em so v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00f4 vi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean thi\u00ean bi\u1ebfn v\u1ea1n h\u00f3a, th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m trong v\u00f2ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng gian do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u00f3i theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0:\u00a0<i>ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbc (conventional truth) m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em so v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh (final truth) th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (universal truth).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u00e2u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:\u00a0<i>Ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p (pannatti dhamma) so v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ngh\u0129a ph\u00e1p (paramattha dhamma) th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian ph\u00e1p (lokiya dhamma) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf ph\u00e1p (lokuttara dhamma) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\/ Trong c\u00e2u I.b\u00a0<i>\u201cDanh (1) kh\u1ea3 Danh (2) phi th\u01b0\u1eddng Danh (3)\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng v\u1eady, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i nhau t\u1eebng ch\u1eef v\u1edbi c\u00e2u I.a n\u00ean ba ch\u1eef danh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb m\u1edbi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh do c\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cT\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh do c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cDanh (m\u00e0 ta) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng (c\u00f2n) ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Danh th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">3)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh do c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cT\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ea1o) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ean v\u0129nh c\u1eedu b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">4)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n Lao Tzu Tao Teh Ching do John C. H. Wu d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cNames can be named, but not the Eternal Name\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">5)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n Lao Tsu Tao Te Ching do Gia-Fu-Feng v\u00e0 Jane English d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cThe name that can be named is not the eternal name\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ea3 n\u0103m b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u xem ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>Danh (2)<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 h\u01a1i g\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? V\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n c\u00e1i\u00a0<i>\u201cphi th\u01b0\u1eddng danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0trong thuy\u1ebft\u00a0<i>\u201cch\u00ednh danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Thuy\u1ebft\u00a0<i>ch\u00ednh danh<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i cho r\u1eb1ng:\u00a0<i>Vua ph\u1ea3i ra vua, t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i ra t\u00f4i, cha ph\u1ea3i ra cha, con ph\u1ea3i ra con (qu\u00e2n qu\u00e2n, th\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n, ph\u1ee5 ph\u1ee5, t\u1eed t\u1eed)<\/i>. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u1edbi nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean l\u00fd\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u1eddi v\u1ecb trung ch\u00ednh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0trong D\u1ecbch l\u00fd, n\u00ean ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tham quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00eam nh\u1eb7t c\u00e1i lu\u1eadt t\u1eafc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh vua nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 vua, t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 t\u00f4i v.v\u2026 Nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb vua \u0111\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng? Vua c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec sao vua l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng danh hi\u1ec7u\u00a0<i>\u201cThi\u00ean t\u1eed\u201d<\/i>, c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u1ebf thi\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d<\/i>? C\u00f2n t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i trung th\u00e0nh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vua, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i,\u00a0<i>\u201cQu\u00e2n x\u1eed th\u1ea7n t\u1eed, th\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed b\u1ea5t trung\u201d?<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u1eady, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh danh? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 Kh\u1ed5ng, M\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1o th\u1eadt h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1eadt l\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 h\u1eefu vi n\u00ean trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau v\u1ecb vua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 g\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u00e9p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 vi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o, th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng \u1edf m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 t\u00f4n ti tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i h\u00f2a. L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cNg\u00e3 v\u00f4 vi nhi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ng\u00e3 hi\u1ebfu t\u1ecbnh nhi d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(Ta v\u00f4 vi m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 h\u00f3a,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ta \u01b0a t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cH\u00e0 k\u1ef3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u1ed5n t\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 t\u00fac\u201d (Ch\u1eb3ng d\u00e8 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7).<\/i><i>\u201cT\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o,\u00a0<i>\u201ct\u1ef1 c\u1ee5 t\u00fac\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1o, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c n\u00ean m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh danh, \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc d\u0129.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f9 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh, \u0110\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng. T\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y s\u1edf d\u1ee5ng, t\u00f9y s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean th\u00ec c\u1ee9 g\u1ecdi, nh\u01b0ng g\u1ecdi m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng l\u1ea7m danh v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea5y danh m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00ednh danh ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o tr\u00f2 \u0111\u00f3ng tu\u1ed3ng. L\u00ean s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai cho \u0111\u00fang k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eadp vai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t anh ch\u00e0ng chuy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3ng vai vua trong m\u1ed9t g\u00e1nh h\u00e1t. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m \u0111i ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i b\u1ee5ng, th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ch\u00e8, anh vu\u1ed1t r\u00e2u ph\u00e1n: \u201cKhanh h\u00e3y mau d\u00e2ng l\u00ean tr\u1eabm m\u1ed9t ch\u00e9n ch\u00e8\u201d. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n ch\u00e8 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u00ean toan b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y. \u201cVua\u201d n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn qu\u00e1t: \u201cBay \u0111\u00e2u, h\u00e3y ch\u00e9m \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3 cho ta\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng \u201cnh\u00e0 vua\u201d ch\u1ec9 nghe ti\u1ebfng c\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u1ec7nh say m\u00ea \u0111\u00f3ng tu\u1ed3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh danh m\u00e0 bao nhi\u00eau c\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u khanh t\u01b0\u1edbng\u2026 ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o\u00a0<i>\u201cm\u1ed9ng t\u1eed t\u00fay sinh\u201d<\/i>. Cho n\u00ean L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh m\u1edbi gi\u00f3ng l\u00ean h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng c\u1ea3nh t\u1ec9nh:\u00a0<i>\u201cDanh kh\u1ea3 danh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 qu\u00ean trong ch\u00fat h\u01b0 danh m\u1ed9ng \u1ea3o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u, 3 ch\u1eef Danh trong c\u00e2u 1.b \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ba s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong Abhidhamma Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00ean: T\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c (vijjam\u00e0na n\u00e0mapannatti = danh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c), v\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c (avijjam\u00e0na n\u00e0mapannatti = danh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Danh<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0\u00a0<b>t\u00ean<\/b><b>gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b>\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 l\u00e0\u00a0<b>t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/b>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00ean m\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung mu\u1ed1n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: vua, t\u00f4i, cha, con, ch\u1ed3ng, v\u1ee3, anh, em v.v\u2026 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00f4n ti tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 quan h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0: ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch, th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, b\u00e1c s\u0129 v.v\u2026 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n chia quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n, nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0: t\u00f4i, anh, n\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c anh, ch\u00fang n\u00f3 v.v&#8230; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t qui \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t x\u01b0ng h\u00f4, \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0: L\u00ea V\u0103n A, Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ecb B, Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00ecnh X v.v\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u \u201ch\u1ed3 s\u01a1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n\u201d c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0: \u1ed5i, xo\u00e0i, m\u00e8o, ch\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt v.v\u2026 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t gi\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u1ea5p danh l\u00e0m th\u1ef1c r\u1ed3i d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi n\u00f3i \u201ct\u00f4i l\u00e0 cha\u201d, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp. \u201cT\u00f4i\u201d l\u00e0 t\u00ean gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp, \u201ccha\u201d c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp. C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eefu danh v\u00f4 th\u1ef1c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac mang nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau: Anh ta t\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi anh ta l\u00e0 m\u00e0y, n\u00f3, em, anh, ch\u00fa, b\u00e1c, con, ch\u00e1u, cha, \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng n\u1ed9i, \u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i, b\u00e1c s\u0129, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v.v\u2026 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t t\u00ean ri\u00eang Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n X n\u1eefa. V\u1eady trong nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ean n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a anh? N\u1ebfu qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt anh ta l\u00e0 cha, b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch, th\u00ec sao l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fa, ch\u00e1u, anh, em\u2026 n\u1eefa? \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh (avijjam\u00e0na n\u00e0mapannatti) th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao t\u00ecm cho ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u00e3o T\u1eed h\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u1ec9 ch\u1ebf h\u1eefu danh<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Danh di\u1ec7c k\u00fd h\u1eefu,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ph\u00f9 di\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng tri ch\u1ec9<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Tri ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3i<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean r\u1ed3i, \u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft d\u1eebng, bi\u1ebft d\u1eebng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">. Bi\u1ebft d\u1eebng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1i h\u01b0 danh gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cch\u00ednh danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111i n\u1eefa, th\u00ec may ra m\u1edbi tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m tai h\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra th\u1ef1c\u201d<\/i>. M\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu l\u00e0 khi d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. C\u00f3 t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi th\u00f4i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang t\u00ean. Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt ch\u01b0a ai bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu? Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i sao th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho h\u1ebft?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Abhidhamma (A-T\u1ef3-\u0110\u00e0m) Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0\u00a0danh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c (vijjam\u00e0na n\u00e0mapannatti) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng hien t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<i>T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i:<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda (xin \u0111\u1eebng hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t:\u00a0<i>\u0110\u1ea5t<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00ednh c\u1ee9ng m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 th\u00f4 t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt th\u1ec3,\u00a0<i>n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00ednh tr\u01a1n \u01b0\u1edbt v\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft,\u00a0<i>l\u1eeda<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00ednh n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c,\u00a0<i>gi\u00f3<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 linh ho\u1ea1t). N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0Sac, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c.\u00a0<i>S\u1eafc:<\/i>\u00a0hien t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed1i x\u00fac trong quan h\u1ec7 sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd.\u00a0<i>Th\u1ecd:<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd.\u00a0<i>T\u01b0\u1edfng:<\/i>\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c t\u1ed5ng bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u00a0<i>H\u00e0nh:<\/i>\u00a0ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd trr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u00a0<i>Th\u1ee9c:<\/i>\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; 12 x\u1ee9:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0Nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n, \u00fd (s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0S\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p (s\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; 18 gi\u1edbi:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a012 x\u1ee9 + 6 th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ed1i x\u00fac gi\u1eefa 6 n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; 4 th\u1eafng ph\u00e1p:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, s\u1eafc, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; 4 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0Kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u201c<i>t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u h\u1ea7u d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi t\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5: khi c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 k\u00eau t\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u201cAnh X \u00e0!\u201d th\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 \u201cAnh X\u201d c\u1ea3, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng \u00e2m thanh ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (thanh ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9). Quan n\u0103ng nghe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 tai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (nh\u0129 n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9). Ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ra \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7 tai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c gi\u1edbi). C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1t sinh do s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u00fac gi\u1eefa \u00e2m thanh \u2013 nh\u0129 m\u00f4n \u2013 nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0 nghe \u00eam tai hay ch\u00f3i tai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n). S\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u00e2m thanh c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n). Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng vui bu\u1ed3n khi nghe \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n). S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thu th\u1eadp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao t\u00e2m sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd gi\u1eefa \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 nh\u0129 m\u00f4n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n). C\u0169ng xin nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, t\u1eeb \u201cc\u00f3 th\u1eadt\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ch\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu\u201d m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra\u201d, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 sinh di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng x\u1ea3y ra th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 danh nh\u01b0 t\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o \u201cdanh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o n\u1eb1m m\u01a1 m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hy sinh c\u00e1i th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea5y ch\u00fat h\u01b0 danh m\u1ed9ng \u1ea3o. Cho n\u00ean L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cDanh d\u1eef th\u00e2n th\u1ee5c th\u00e2n?\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(Danh h\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u00e1i n\u00e0o m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n?)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 44.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1i danh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cch\u00ednh danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f2n qu\u00e1 xa v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt (th\u00e2n) c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o\u00a0<i>\u201cdanh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o th\u1ea3 m\u1ed3i b\u1eaft b\u00f3ng, \u0111\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00f2 tr\u0103ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Danh (3)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi\u00a0<i>\u201cv\u00f4 danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0<i>\u201cnh\u01b0 th\u1ecb\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(yath\u00e0tathat\u00e0) trong Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i\u00a0<i>\u201ct\u00ean\u201d<\/i>\u00a0trung th\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua t\u00e1nh, t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ec3, d\u1ee5ng, t\u00e1c, nh\u00e2n, qu\u1ea3, duy\u00ean, b\u00e1o, v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (ph\u00e1p). M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u201ct\u00ean\u201d m\u00ecnh qua \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 n\u1ed9i (self characteristic) m\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cnh\u1eadm tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh qu\u1ef9 sanh v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i\u201d<\/i>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p gi\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 k\u00fd \u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 xem v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u00ean bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 quan t\u00e2m c\u00e1i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e3 h\u00f3a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 mau mau \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt \u0111ang t\u1ef1 \u201cx\u01b0ng t\u00ean\u201d m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh. Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sau khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i v\u1eadt n\u00e0y h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n loay hoay moi c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u00e3 h\u00f3a ra v\u00e0 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 tin \u201ct\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i\u201d, ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y sau 20 n\u0103m v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ra sao!<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00ec v\u1eady, L\u00e3o T\u1eed khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1i t\u00ean, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u00ean gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay t\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 nguy\u00ean, m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tu\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1eadt\u00a0<i>(D\u0129 v\u00f4 danh chi ph\u00e1c<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 37.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng xin \u0111\u1eebng hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5i thay theo \u00fd ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi hay trong \u00fd ni\u1ec7m sai kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh) \u0111\u1eb1ng sau nh\u1eefng t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u00ean g\u1ecdi g\u00e1n gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o cho n\u00f3. (Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1i t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng mang th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 khi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 cha, khi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con, khi l\u00e0 anh, khi l\u00e0 em, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa, b\u00e1c, \u00f4ng, th\u1eb1ng v.v\u2026 Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 m\u1eadp m\u1edd b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0<i>(h\u1ed1t h\u1ec1 ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ec1)<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong l\u1ea1i h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a tinh th\u1ec3\u00a0<i>(k\u1ef3 trung h\u1eefu tinh)<\/i>, b\u00ean trong r\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c\u00a0<i>(k\u1ef3 trung th\u1eadm ch\u00e2n)<\/i>, b\u00ean trong \u0111\u00e1ng tin\u00a0<i>(k\u1ef3 trung h\u1eefu t\u00edn)<\/i>, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i\u00a0<i>\u201ct\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(th\u01b0\u1eddng danh) c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec x\u01b0a nay kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 suy gi\u1ea3m\u00a0<i>(t\u1ef1 c\u1ed5 c\u1eadp kim, k\u1ef3 danh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ee9<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">) &#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 21.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m d\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Abhidhamma, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean\u201d<\/i>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">a)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hay v\u1eadt kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (attha pannatti), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<b>t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0<\/b>ch\u1ec9 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua \u00fd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh) hay \u00fd ni\u1ec7m (\u00fd ngh\u0129a) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (yath\u00e0tathat\u00e0) hay t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh (sabh\u00e0va) c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p. N\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u00e1nh. Hay ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ngo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ngo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng (santh\u00e0na) nh\u01b0 n\u00fai cao, s\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, m\u00e2y tr\u1eafng, n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p (sam\u00f9ha) nh\u01b0 xe, nh\u00e0, l\u00e0ng, b\u1ee9c tranh, pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v.. ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng (dis\u00e0) nh\u01b0 \u0110\u00f4ng,\u00a0T\u00e2y,\u00a0Nam, B\u1eafc, tr\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1edbi, trong, ngo\u00e0i v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian (k\u00e0la) nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ng, tr\u01b0a, chi\u1ec1u, t\u1ed1i, xu\u00e2n, h\u1ea1, thu, \u0111\u00f4ng v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng (\u00e0k\u00e0sa) nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, l\u1ed7 tr\u1ed1ng, k\u1ebd h\u1edf gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1eafc t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n (Kasina) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1ed1c, l\u1ee7a, gi\u00f3, xanh, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng v.v.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u1edbng (nimitta) nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, quang t\u01b0\u1edbng v.v. trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">b)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf hay \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf (paramattha sacca), ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh n\u00e0y L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u0169ng n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o\u00a0<i>(Ng\u00f4 b\u1ea5t tri k\u1ef3 danh, t\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o)<\/i>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p (paramattha dhamm\u00e0)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Trong danh ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu ta b\u1ecf c\u00e1i danh \u0111i m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1edfng tri (sanj\u00e0n\u00e0ti) hay th\u1ee9c tri (vij\u00e0n\u00e0ti)\u00a0\u00a0ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m hay ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i (th\u1ea5y ngo\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 tri (paj\u00e0n\u00e0ti) th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf hay b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o (th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u0169ng theo v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Abhidhamma, c\u00f3 4 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ee3 ngay sau m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m qua ng\u0169 m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0M\u1ed7i ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi \u00fd m\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m (manodv\u00e0ravajjana) ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n. Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n qua n\u0103m th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c quan v\u1eeba m\u1edbi di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp tr\u1ee3 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean qua \u00fd m\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp sau ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ng\u0169 m\u00f4n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0<i>ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/i>\u00a0(at\u00ectaggahana).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><i>&#8211; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2:<\/i>\u00a0Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0<i>ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p<\/i>\u00a0(sam\u00f9haggahana). V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb&#8230; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3 v.v.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p (\u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng, danh th\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><i>&#8211; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3:<\/i>\u00a0sau khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, \u00fd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (attha pannatti) xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, thi\u1ebfu ch\u00fa \u00fd, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 th\u00ec v\u1eadt kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n. T\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 sung k\u00fd \u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (t\u01b0\u1edbng) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 v\u1eadt g\u00ec.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee7 quan kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i gi\u00e2y th\u00e0nh con r\u1eafn, nghe ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfng bom.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4:<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0sau khi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt g\u00ec th\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ed3i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng cung c\u1ea5p t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u1ea1 th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 s\u1ebd l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin r\u00f5 h\u01a1n cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4 c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (n\u00e0ma pannatti). Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p v\u1eadt ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft c\u0169ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb k\u00fd \u1ee9c xen v\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i hoa gi\u1ed1ng \u0111u\u00f4i ch\u1ed3n li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00e0 hoa \u0111u\u00f4i ch\u1ed3n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c M\u00e3 Minh (Asvaghosha) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201ck\u1ebf danh t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d<\/i>.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u1ebfu t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<i>\u00a0danh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/i><i>th\u1ef1c<\/i>\u00a0(vijjam\u00e0na pannatti). N\u1ebfu t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<i>\u00a0danh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m<\/i><i>gi\u1ea3\u00a0<\/i>(avijjam\u00e0na pannatti), nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tai nghe m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi th\u00ec giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 4 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3, v\u00ec nghe t\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng sau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nghe t\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u1ed5i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng ra h\u00ecnh tr\u00e1i \u1ed5i sau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3ng so s\u00e1nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin d\u1ecbch c\u00e2u\u00a0<i>\u201cDanh (1) kh\u1ea3 danh (2) phi th\u01b0\u1eddng danh (3)\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\"><i>\u201cGi\u1ea3 danh (1) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c danh (2) th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng danh (3)\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ho\u1eb7c n\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho thuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh danh th\u00ec:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cThuy\u1ebft ch\u00ednh danh (1) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c danh (2) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng danh (3)\u201d.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i theo \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, say m\u00ea kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ng\u00f4n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ham nh\u00ecn ng\u00f3n tay th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd m\u01a1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng? V\u1eady ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cNg\u00f3n tay ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng (1) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng (2) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng th\u1eadt (3)\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\/ Trong \u0111o\u1ea1n II, c\u00e2u a v\u00e0 b, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Theo V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt th\u00ec v\u00f4 danh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu danh xem nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb k\u00e9p, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0II.a. V\u00f4 danh, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba chi th\u1ec9.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 36.0pt;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">II.b. H\u1eefu danh, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt chi m\u1eabu.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n, John C. H. Wu l\u1ea5y theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt. B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Gia-Fu-Feng v\u00e0 Jane English l\u1ea5y theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng khi d\u1ecbch c\u0169ng theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Theo T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang, V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch, T\u00f4 Th\u1ee9c, L\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ea3i Si\u00eau th\u00ec v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang, c\u00f2n ch\u1eef danh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">IIa \u2013V\u00f4, danh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba chi th\u1ec9,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">IIb \u2013 H\u1eefu, danh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt chi m\u1eabu.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea, ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 L\u00e3o T\u1eed, ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u theo c\u00e1ch sau. C\u00f2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd theo c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai v\u00ec th\u1ea5y h\u1eefu l\u00fd h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc ng\u1eaft kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u00ean, l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u00ean, l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">John C. H. Wu d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cAs the Origin of heaven\u2013and\u2013earth it is nameless; as The Mother of all things, it is the nameable.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Gia-Fu-Feng v\u00e0 Jane English d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cThe nameless is the beginning of heaven and earth. The named is the mother of ten thousand things.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang, V\u01b0\u01a1ng An Th\u1ea1ch v.v.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201ckh\u00f4ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t; c\u00f3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201ckh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t; C\u00f3, l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi m\u1eb9 sinh ra mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1 tuy kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>v\u00f4<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng theo ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 danh, h\u1eefu danh c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00ednh V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 danh, h\u1eefu danh trong 3 c\u00e2u II.a v\u00e0 II.b nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<i>\u201cPh\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u00f3 t\u00ean t\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 n\u00f3 v\u1eady.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(Ph\u00e0m h\u1eefu giai th\u1ec9 \u01b0 v\u00f4, c\u1ed1 m\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh v\u00f4 danh chi th\u1eddi t\u1eafc vi v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt chi th\u1ec9, c\u1eadp k\u1ef3 h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh h\u1eefu danh chi th\u1eddi t\u1eafc tr\u01b0\u1edfng chi d\u1ee5c chi \u0111\u00ecnh chi \u0111\u1ed9c chi vi k\u1ef3 m\u1eabu d\u00e3).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tuy n\u00f3i v\u00f4 danh, h\u1eefu danh nh\u01b0ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt c\u0169ng v\u1eabn cho l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu. Y nh\u01b0 atthapannatti v\u00e0 n\u00e0mapannatti \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb paramattha, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e2u\u00a0<i>\u201cdanh kh\u1ea3 danh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi to\u00e0n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n III v\u00e0 IV k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i v\u00f4 danh, h\u1eefu danh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 l\u00fd, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft \u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u1eeb\u00a0<i>v\u00f4<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh L\u00e3o T\u1eed nh\u1eafc \u0111i nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n trong \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00f4<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ec3: trong s\u1ef1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. D\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, \u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, trung h\u00f2a t\u1eed v.v. hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a s\u00f3ng hay l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 5 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng. V\u0103n h\u1ecdc Abhidhamma g\u1ecdi kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n s\u1eafc (pariccheda r\u00f9pa) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi (\u00e0k\u00e0sadh\u00e0tu). N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u00e0y th\u00ec m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n nhau th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n l\u0129. Cho n\u00ean nh\u1edd c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u201cv\u00f4\u201d n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i \u201ch\u1eefu\u201d. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i \u201cv\u00f4\u201d n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i h\u1eefu. L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cBa m\u01b0\u01a1i c\u0103m chung m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u, ngay ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a xe. Nh\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00e9n, ngay ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e9n. \u0110\u1ee5c c\u1eeda n\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0, ngay ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0. Cho n\u00ean, c\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ee5ng.\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(Tam th\u1eadp ph\u00fac, c\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef3 v\u00f4, h\u1eefu xa chi d\u1ee5ng. Duy\u00ean th\u1ef1c d\u0129 vi kh\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef3 v\u00f4 h\u1eefu kh\u00ed chi d\u1ee5ng. T\u1ea1c h\u1ed9 d\u0169 d\u0129 vi th\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ef3 v\u00f4, h\u1eefu th\u1ea5t chi d\u1ee5ng. C\u1ed1, h\u1eefu chi vi l\u1ee3i, v\u00f4 chi d\u0129 vi d\u1ee5ng. &#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 11.)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1eadt th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00f4<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a sinh di\u1ec7t: B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec t\u1ef1 h\u1eefu m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do nhi\u1ec1u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Khi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p th\u00ec sinh, khi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tan th\u00ec di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1eeb v\u00f4 (ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3) sinh ra h\u1eefu (v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n), r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb h\u1eefu l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 (v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u1ee9ng b\u01b0\u1edbm t\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh s\u00e2u, s\u00e2u ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh nh\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ed9ng ho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh b\u01b0\u1edbm v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cMu\u00f4n v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00f3, c\u00f3 sinh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng\u201d (Thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt sinh \u01b0 h\u1eefu, h\u1eefu sinh \u01b0 v\u00f4<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 40.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Trong kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cPh\u00e1p ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng lo\u1ea1n,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng sinh ph\u00e1p,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ph\u00e1p n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft s\u1edf h\u1eefu,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Giai quy \u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(Ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1n, ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t, ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ph\u00e1p, ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t ph\u00e1p, m\u1ecdi c\u00e1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ho\u1eb7c kinh Majjhima Nik\u00e0ya n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cC\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00e1i n\u00e0y sinh, c\u00e1i kia sinh,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(Imasmim sati idam hoti<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Imass\u2019 up\u00e0d\u00e0 idam uppajjhati<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Imasmin asati idam na hoti,<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Imassa nirodh\u00e0 idam nirujjhati)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 c\u0169ng n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cTh\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh ch\u1edbp c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i kh\u00f4ng\u201d<\/i><i>(Th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea3nh h\u1eefu ho\u00e0n v\u00f4)<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh sinh di\u1ec7t m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu v\u00f4 c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">3)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00f4<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: v\u00ec thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt do nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3. V\u1eady b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu l\u00e0 v\u00f4. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd c\u00e1i v\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1eefu m\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cKho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u1ed1ng b\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn, c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00e0ng ra\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba chi gian, k\u1ef3 do th\u00e1c\u00a0<span style=\"color: red;\">th\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/span>\u00a0h\u1ed3! H\u01b0 nhi b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9ng nhi d\u0169 xu\u1ea5t<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 5.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Trung Qu\u00e1n Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft:\u00a0<i>\u201cTa n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean s\u1edf sinh ph\u00e1p, ng\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng). Khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cNh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0(Sabbe dhamm\u00e0 su\u00f1\u00f1at\u00e0\u2019 ti) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu l\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">4)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00f4<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng: Th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4, \u0110\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1eefu. V\u00f4 th\u00ec tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 h\u1eefu th\u00ec d\u00f9ng ho\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ebft\u00a0<i>(d\u1ee5ng chi b\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">) &#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0LT\u0110\u0110K, ch, 6.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 d\u00f9ng m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y.\u201d<\/i><i>(\u0110\u1ea1o xung nhi d\u1ee5ng chi ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t doanh<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K, ch 4.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">5)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00f4<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a hai \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh: t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0<i>\u201cnh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh\u201d<\/i>, trong \u0111\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch tuy c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh, t\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ebfp, t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o sinh m\u1ed9t, m\u1ed9t sinh hai, hai sinh ba, ba sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u00f5ng \u00e2m m\u00e0 b\u1ed3ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p\u201d (\u0110\u1ea1o sinh nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea5t sinh nh\u1ecb, nh\u1ecb sinh tam, tam sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m nhi b\u1ea3o d\u01b0\u01a1ng, xung kh\u00ed d\u0129 vi h\u00f2a<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 42.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c. Hai \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t\u00a0<i>(H\u1ed7n chi vi nh\u1ea5t<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K Ch.14) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ba, c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ed3n sinh m\u00e3i m\u00e3i\u00a0<i>(Mi\u00ean mi\u00ean nh\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K Ch.6.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Hai \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5, d\u00e0i v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn, cao v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p, \u00e2m v\u00e0 thanh, sau v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111en, \u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu, v.v\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Cho n\u00ean L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cC\u00f3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng sinh, d\u1ec5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u00e0nh\u2026\u201d (H\u1eefu v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh, nan d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh\u2026.<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">) \u2013\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 2, \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 sinh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong lu\u1eadt\u00a0<i>\u201cnh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">6)<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00f4<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 vi v\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi: v\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c. H\u1eefu vi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee7 quan \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo t\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cTam gi\u1edbi duy t\u00e2m v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p duy th\u1ee9c\u201d<\/i>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh hay b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Theo thi\u1ec3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, th\u00ec L\u00e3o T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft gia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan hay nh\u00e2n sinh quan ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb gia \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft\u00a0<i>\u201cv\u00f4 vi nhi tr\u1ecb\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 an bang t\u1ebf th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129. L\u00e3o T\u1eed ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m ch\u1ee9ng, chi\u00eam quan v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m trong su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh quan, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 quan hay quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1eddi Xu\u00e2n Thu Chi\u1ebfn Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec3n khai b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc. Nh\u1eefng th\u00eam th\u1eaft n\u00e0y h\u1eefu \u00fd hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed mu\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong ph\u1ea7n B (danh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c),\u00a0<i>v\u00f4 vi<\/i>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ecda t\u00ednh (t\u00ednh \u00f9 l\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng).\u00a0<i>V\u00f4 vi<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn v\u00f4 vi. V\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh &#8211; t\u01b0\u1edbng &#8211; th\u1ec3 &#8211; d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, khi ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o b\u1edfi t\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi\u00a0<i>v\u00f4 vi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu vi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi<\/i>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nh\u00ecn qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 danh ng\u00f4n m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn th\u00ec s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi c\u00f2n con r\u1eafn l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u1ed9i gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">,\u00a0<i>v\u00f4 vi<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea3n lai thanh t\u1ecbnh, l\u00fac ch\u01b0a kh\u1edfi sinh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cm\u1eb7t m\u0169i l\u00fac ch\u01b0a sinh\u201d<\/i>, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e1i\u00a0<i>\u201ctuy\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 \u01b0u<\/i>\u201d\u00a0<i>(d\u1ee9t h\u1ecdc ch\u1eb3ng lo)<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 20, hay\u00a0<i>\u201ctuy\u1ec7t th\u00e1nh kh\u00ed tr\u00ed\u2026 tuy\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n kh\u00ed ngh\u0129a &#8230; tuy\u1ec7t x\u1ea3o kh\u00ed l\u1ee3i\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u00a0v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 vi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cki\u1ebfn t\u1ed1, b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1c, thi\u1ec3u t\u01b0, qu\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c\u201d (d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed\u2026 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf nh\u00e2n ngh\u0129a\u2026 d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf x\u1ea3o l\u1ee3i. Th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, gi\u1eef m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c, \u00edt ri\u00eang t\u01b0, \u00edt ham mu\u1ed1n)<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 19.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f2n\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu vi n\u1ed9i gi\u1edbi<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, quan ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, l\u00fd tr\u00ed&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eefu vi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; n\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ebf gian, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0<i>t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<\/i>\u00a0(sammuti sacca), v\u00e0 h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tinh t\u1ea5n, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, x\u1ea3, v.v\u2026 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0<i>\u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf<\/i>\u00a0(paramattha sacca) m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Cho n\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ed1t, m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea9y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa m\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n trong \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi \u1edf cu\u1ed1i b\u1edd v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 L\u00e3o T\u1eed m\u1edbi khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 danh ng\u00f4n, s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1ec3 quay v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n nguy\u00ean, v\u00f4 vi, v\u00f4 v\u1eadt (<i>ph\u1ee5c qui \u01b0 v\u00f4 v\u1eadt<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 14.\u00a0<i>V\u00f4 v\u1eadt<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0<i>v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/i>\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u0169ng\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u1eb1ng th\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 danh\u201d (m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean)<\/i>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i\u00a0<i>\u201cv\u00f4\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1i\u00a0<i>\u201ch\u1eefu\u201d<\/i>\u00a0ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm ch\u1ee7 quan, Nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cch\u1ea5p c\u1ed5 chi \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00f4 d\u0129 ng\u1ef1 kim chi h\u1eefu\u201d<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K ch. 14.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Cho n\u00ean ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1eady\u00a0<i>(N\u0103ng tri c\u1ed5 th\u1ec9 th\u1ecb vi \u0110\u1ea1o k\u1ef7\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u00a0&#8211; LT \u0110\u0110K, ch. 14.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u00e2n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>th\u1ec9<\/i>\u00a0trong\u00a0<i>\u201cn\u0103ng tri c\u1ed5 th\u1ec9\u201d<\/i>\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>th\u1ec9\u00a0<\/i>v\u00e0\u00a0<i>m\u1eabu<\/i>\u00a0trong hai c\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">II.a \u2013V\u00f4, danh thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba chi th\u1ec9;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">II.b \u2013 H\u1eefu, danh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt chi m\u1eabu.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>th\u1ec9\u00a0<\/i>v\u00e0 ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>m\u1eabu<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 khi L\u00e3o T\u1eed d\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 25 L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cH\u1eefu v\u1eadt h\u1ed7n th\u00e0nh<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ti\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba sinh,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u1eabu,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ng\u00f4 b\u1ea5t tri k\u1ef3 danh,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u1ef1 chi vi\u1ebft \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>m\u1eabu<\/i>\u00a0n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>th\u1ec9<\/i>\u00a0trong c\u00e2u II.a. V\u00e0 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 52 L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cThi\u00ean h\u1ea1 h\u1eefu th\u1ec9,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">D\u0129 vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u1eabu\u201d.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u00ec ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>th\u1ec9<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>m\u1eabu<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a. Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e2u II.a v\u00e0 II.b th\u00ec hai ch\u1eef n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nhau n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u1ec9<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba. Thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u0111ong nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3\u00a0<i>h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c<\/i>. C\u00f2n\u00a0<i>m\u1eabu<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh chia bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111a th\u00f9, cho n\u00ean c\u00f3\u00a0<i>h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ra ng\u1ecdn.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc,\u00a0<i>th\u1ec9\u00a0<\/i>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft Big Bang c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; v\u00e0\u00a0<i>m\u1eabu<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ea1o h\u00f3a sinh ra mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt theo ki\u1ec3u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\u00a0<i>th\u1ec9\u00a0<\/i>v\u00e0\u00a0<i>m\u1eabu<\/i>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c trong D\u1ecbch L\u00fd ki\u1ec3u Chu Hy\u00a0<i>\u201cD\u1ecbch h\u1eefu th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c th\u1ecb sinh l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nghi, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nghi sinh t\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sinh b\u00e1t qu\u00e1i\u201d<\/i>\u00a0r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 sinh ra mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 h\u1eefu v\u00f4 n\u00ean ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nghi, r\u1ed3i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 Th\u00e1i C\u1ef1c. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o sinh nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea5t sinh nh\u1ecb, nh\u1ecb sinh tam, tam sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt\u201d<\/i>\u00a0n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111inh ninh r\u1eb1ng L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0110\u1ea1o theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1ecbch L\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u1ebfu D\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0<i>\u201ctuy\u1ec7t h\u1ecdc v\u00f4 \u01b0u\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed, th\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3\u00a0<i>\u201cv\u00f4 vi gi\u1ea3, v\u00f4 t\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, t\u1ecbch nhi\u00ean b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3m nhi to\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba chi c\u1ed1\u201d<\/i><i>(D\u1ecbch l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, an nhi\u00ean, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt)<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 H\u1ec7 t\u1eeb 10 trong Chu D\u1ecbch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o sinh nh\u1ea5t\u2026 tam sinh v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt\u201d<\/i>\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, L\u00e3o T\u1eed ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0110\u1ea1o h\u1ecdc hay T\u00e2m h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ec5\u00a0<i>\u201cnh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c d\u1eef ph\u00e2n\u201d,<\/i>\u00a0cho n\u00ean khi cho thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e0m \u00fd so \u0111o v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i\u00a0<i>(tri thi\u1ec7n chi vi thi\u1ec7n t\u01b0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n d\u0129<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">) \u2013\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Khi n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec\u00a0<i>\u201ch\u1ed1t h\u1ec1 ho\u1ea3ng h\u1ec1 k\u1ef3 trung h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d<\/i><i>(m\u1eadp m\u1edd xao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh)<\/i>\u00a0\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 21. M\u00e0 khi\u00a0<i>\u201ct\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0<i>\u201ct\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh\u201d<\/i>. Hay n\u00f3i theo Abhidhamma, khi t\u01b0\u1edfng (sann\u00e0) kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh (paramattha) s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n g\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (atthapannatti), v\u00e0 khi v\u1eadt kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn danh kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (n\u00e0ma pannatti) s\u1ebd theo sau, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 sinh ra m\u1ecdi chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00fang sai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Cho n\u00ean\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>v\u00f4<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 hai chi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c: chi\u1ec1u\u00a0<i>\u201csinh sinh h\u00f3a h\u00f3a\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u1ed1i t\u00e0ng \u01b0 m\u1eadt\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o.\u00a0<i>H\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cph\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1o chi \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0<i>v\u00f4<\/i>\u00a0(xem L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 40). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0<i>ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p, t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hai m\u1eb7t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0<i>H\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>v\u00f4<\/i>\u00a0t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0<i>\u201cnh\u1ea5t \u0111a t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung\u201d<\/i>\u00a0hay\u00a0<i>\u201c\u1ea9n hi\u1ec3n c\u00e2u th\u00e0nh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Nghi\u1ec5m v\u1eady. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1o H\u1ea1nh th\u00ec d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cC\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 m\u1ea3y may,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(T\u00e1c h\u1eefu tr\u1ea7n sa h\u1eefu,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Vi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng)<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00ec t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m m\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201ct\u00f9y duy\u00ean b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn\u201d<\/i>, hay\u00a0<i>\u201cb\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn t\u00f9y duy\u00ean\u201d<\/i>\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o v\u00f4 hay h\u1eefu. K\u1eb9t v\u00e0o v\u00f4 th\u00ec\u00a0<i>\u201ctr\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ec7 t\u1ecbch\u201d<\/i>, k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o h\u1eefu th\u00ec\u00a0<i>\u201csinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i\u201d<\/i>. Cho n\u00ean th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u1edf ch\u1ed7\u00a0<i>\u201cs\u1ef1 lai nhi t\u00e2m th\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee9 nhi t\u00e2m t\u00f9y kh\u00f4ng\u201d<\/i><i>(vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi, vi\u1ec7c \u0111i th\u00ec t\u00e2m r\u1ed7ng rang).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">L\u00e3o T\u1eed khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta khi \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1eb9t v\u00e0o h\u1eefu. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cThi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 tri\u1ec7t t\u00edch,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">thi\u1ec7n ng\u00f4n v\u00f4 h\u00e0 tr\u00edch\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(Kh\u00e9o \u0111i kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u d\u1ea5u, kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eddi)\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 27. V\u00e0 khi\u00a0<i>\u201cph\u1ee5c qui \u01b0 v\u00f4 v\u1eadt\u201d<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o v\u00f4. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 vi nhi v\u00f4 b\u1ea5t vi\u201d (\u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 vi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u1eeb l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch c\u00e2u II.a v\u00e0 II.b theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa th\u00edch L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">II.a \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">II.b \u2013 C\u00f3, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\/ \u0110o\u1ea1n III c\u00e2u a v\u00e0 b \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Theo V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt th\u00ec\u00a0<i>v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c<\/i>\u00a0xem nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb k\u00e9p cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">IIIa \u2013 C\u1ed1, th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<i>v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c<\/i>\u00a0d\u0129 quan k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">IIIb \u2013 C\u1ed1 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c<\/i>\u00a0d\u0129 quan k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u theo V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt. John C. H. Wu c\u0169ng v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch theo b\u1ea3n T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang, Gia Fu-Feng v\u00e0 Jane English kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng d\u1ecbch theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Theo T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang, L\u01b0\u01a1ng Kh\u1ea3i Si\u00eau v.v.. th\u00ec\u00a0<i>th\u01b0\u1eddng vo<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0xem nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb k\u00e9p, v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, cho n\u00ean vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">IIIa \u2013 C\u1ed1,\u00a0<i>th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4<\/i>, d\u1ee5c d\u0129 quan k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">IIIb \u2013 C\u1ed1,\u00a0<i>th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu<\/i>, d\u1ee5c d\u0129 quan k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea, ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai. C\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">1) Theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cB\u1edfi v\u1eady, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 huy\u1ec1n-di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o; th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb t\u01b0 d\u1ee5c, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 chia l\u00eca c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cCho n\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 xem ch\u1ed7 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng, tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Gia-Fu-Feng v\u00e0 Jane English d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cEver desireless, one can see the mystery; ever desiring, one can see the manifestations\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">2) Theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cCho n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d, mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 xem m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; th\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cc\u00f3\u201d mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u201cc\u00f3\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 xem ch\u1ed7 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng, tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cCho n\u00ean, t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e9t c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (\u0110\u1ea1o); t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 \u201cc\u00f3\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1i (d\u1ee5ng) v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">John C. H. Wu d\u1ecbch:\u00a0<i>\u201cSo, as ever hidden, we should look at its inner essence; as always manifest, we should look at its outer aspects\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Ng\u00f4 T\u1ea5t T\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fa th\u00edch ngh\u0129a theo nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4<\/i>,\u00a0<i>th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0\u00a0<i>th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c<\/i>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c, d\u0129 quan k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebfu\u201d<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u00e3o T\u1eed ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0<i>\u201cqu\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i\u00a0<i>\u201cv\u00f4 d\u1ee5c\u201d<\/i>\u00a0n\u1eefa th\u00ec thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 m\u1edbi \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0<i>(ph\u00f9, di\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c)<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u2013 LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 37. V\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c\u201d<\/i>\u00a0m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 chi li vi t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m d\u1ee5c kh\u1edfi l\u00ean th\u00f4i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh, th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, v\u1eady l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 tinh vi, t\u1ebf x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng? H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201cquan\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xem x\u00e9t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ecbch theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0v\u1eeba h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u1eeba nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi to\u00e0n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a hai ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>v\u00f4<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u0129a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>v\u00f4<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin li\u1ec7t k\u00ea m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu, di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfu ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y:<\/span><\/p>\n<div align=\"center\">\n<table style=\"width: 225.0pt; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;\" border=\"0\" width=\"300\" cellpadding=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00d4<\/span><\/u><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0(Di\u1ec7u)\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><u><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">H\u1eeeU<\/span><\/u><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0(Ki\u1ebfu)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ea1o<br \/>T\u00e1nh<br \/>Th\u1ec3<br \/>Nh\u1ea5t<br \/>\u1ea8n<br \/>Ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng<br \/>Paramattha<br \/>V\u00f4 vi<br \/>Di\u1ec7u<br \/>Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf<br \/>Th\u1ef1c<br \/>Vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt<br \/>Th\u1ec9\u00a0<br \/>\u2026\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;\" valign=\"top\">\n<p style=\"margin-bottom: .0001pt; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ee9c<br \/>T\u01b0\u1edbng<br \/>D\u1ee5ng<br \/>\u0110a<br \/>Hi\u1ec3n<br \/>Di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu<br \/>Pa\u00f1\u00f1atti<br \/>H\u1eefu vi<br \/>Ki\u1ebfu<br \/>T\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf<br \/>Danh<br \/>Y tha kh\u1edfi<br \/>M\u1eabu<br \/>\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">H\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201cV\u00f4\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea5u. Nh\u01b0ng\u00a0<i>\u201ch\u1eefu\u201d<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1eeba t\u1ed1t, v\u1eeba x\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0 pannatti, t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, h\u1eefu vi, danh, t\u01b0\u1edbng, d\u1ee5ng v.v.. n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u00ec x\u1ea5u. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u2026 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o d\u00f9ng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sai th\u00ec r\u1ea5t tai h\u1ea1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0<i>\u201cdi\u1ec7u\u201d<\/i><i>c\u1ee7a<\/i><i>\u201cv\u00f4\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u v\u00e0 tinh nguy\u00ean, c\u00f2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0<i>\u201cki\u1ebfu\u201d<\/i><i>c\u1ee7a<\/i><i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sai bi\u1ec7t, chi li v\u00e0 v\u00e0ng thau l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. Cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1 khi L\u00e3o T\u1eed th\u01b0\u1eddng khuy\u00ean tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u00a0<i>\u201cv\u00f4\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef nh\u01b0\u00a0<i>qui c\u0103n, ph\u1ee5c m\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ee5c qui \u01b0 ph\u00e1c, \u01b0 anh nhi, \u01b0 v\u00f4 v\u1eadt, n\u0103ng tri c\u1ed5 th\u1ec9, vi\u1ec5n vi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3n v.v\u2026<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m hay t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ng\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh, hay tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu to\u00e0n (\u0111\u1ea1i d\u1ee5ng), ng\u1ecdn ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong ph\u00fa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ee7 quan bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p, b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng sa l\u1ea7y. L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cCho n\u00ean th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n gi\u1eef c\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c cho thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d<\/i><i>(Th\u1ecb d\u0129 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t, vi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9c<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u2013 L T\u0110\u0110K, ch. 22.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00e1i qu\u00e1 (<i>kh\u1ee9 th\u1eadm, kh\u1ee9 xa, kh\u1ee9 th\u00e1i\u00a0<\/i><\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">)\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 24.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu\u00a0<i>\u201cv\u00f4\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201ch\u1eefu\u201d<\/i>\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cphi th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cdi\u1ec7u\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cki\u1ebfu\u201d<\/i>\u00a0m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed d\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e2y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e2u III.a v\u00e0 III.b kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 danh, h\u1eefu danh, theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt, c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u II.a v\u00e0 II.b n\u1eefa. Cho n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu\u201d<\/i>\u00a0r\u1ea5t th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e2u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u1ed1\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u \u00fd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a hai \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n III n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cCho n\u00ean,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed7 uy\u00ean \u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed7 vi t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201ck\u1ef3\u201d<\/i>\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d<\/i>\u00a0n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng xin hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec, v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn d\u01b0\u1edbi hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n\u00a0<i>h\u1eefu<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>v\u00f4<\/i>,\u00a0<i>di\u1ec7u<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>ki\u1ebfu<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Hay n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ea3. V\u1eady d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef \u201ck\u1ef3\u201d l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o\u201d ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n sinh \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Xin Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 cho con c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; C\u00f2n con, th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 cho ta c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec tai nghe m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ea3\u00a0<i>(x\u00fac m\u1ee5c v\u00f4 phi th\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o)<\/i>. Cho n\u00ean, m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n sinh kh\u00e1c h\u1ecfi Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1o?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 h\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; Ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 nghe ti\u1ebfng su\u1ed1i reo kh\u00f4ng?<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; D\u1ea1 c\u00f3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ea1o x\u00e9t tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch hai c\u00e2u III.a, III.b nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Cho n\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 (t\u00e2m). Mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 nhi\u00eau phong c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu (t\u00e2m)<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cS\u1ef1 lai nhi t\u00e2m th\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee9 nhi t\u00e2m t\u00f9y kh\u00f4ng\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Hay:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cT\u00e1c h\u1eefu tr\u1ea7n sa h\u1eefu, vi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng\u201d<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110o\u1ea1n IV, cu\u1ed1i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa \u0110\u1ea1o (th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c (th\u01b0\u1eddng Danh), gi\u1eefa V\u00f4 v\u00e0 H\u1eefu, gi\u1eefa Th\u1ec9 v\u00e0 M\u1eabu, gi\u1eefa Di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfu m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong 3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean. V\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd d\u1ecbch nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ch v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0Theo V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt th\u00ec vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cTh\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t nhi d\u1ecb danh,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb chi huy\u1ec1n, huy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00fang di\u1ec7u chi m\u00f4n.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0B\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n th\u00ec vi\u1ebft:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cTh\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Xu\u1ea5t nhi d\u1ecb danh,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb chi huy\u1ec1n,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Huy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00fang di\u1ec7u chi m\u00f4n.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Gia Fu-Feng v\u00e0 Jane English th\u00ec l\u1ea5y theo b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft theo T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cTh\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t nhi d\u1ecb danh, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb chi huy\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Huy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang di\u1ec7u chi m\u00f4n.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">B\u1ea3n c\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u theo c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u01b0 M\u00e3 Quang.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin n\u00eau m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cHai c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c, t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi Huy\u1ec1n,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Huy\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i Huy\u1ec1n,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda v\u00e0o ra c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u trong Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch theo c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung gi\u1ed1ng nhau:\u00a0<i>\u201cHai c\u00e1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u do m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i sinh ra m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 s\u00e2u k\u00edn, m\u1ecbt m\u1edd. S\u00e2u k\u00edn l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng s\u00e2u k\u00edn th\u00eam, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1eeda ph\u00e1t ra m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt\u201d<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea d\u1ecbch:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cHai c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 (kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3) c\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u. Huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i th\u00eam huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u201d.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">John C. H. Wu d\u1ecbch:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cThese two flow from the same source, though differently named; And both are called mysteries. The mystery of mysteries is the Door of all essence.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Gia Fu-Feng v\u00e0 Jane English d\u1ecbch:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cThese two spring from the same source but differ in name; This appears as darkness. Darkness within darkness; The gate to all mystery.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u00f3i chung, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd, tuy nhi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u1ee5 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/i>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng nhau, ngang nhau, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau, h\u00f2a nhau, gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u2026 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec1u\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201chai c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau\u201d<\/i>. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201cxu\u1ea5t\u201d<\/i>\u00a0trong\u00a0<i>\u201cxu\u1ea5t nhi d\u1ecb danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t\u201d<\/i>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00a0<i>\u201cxu\u1ea5t\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 hai b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh\u00a0<i>\u201cflow (ho\u1eb7c spring) from the same source\u201d.<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0trong\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb chi Huy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u1ee5 d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 danh t\u1eeb hay t\u00ednh t\u1eeb, n\u00ean c\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0ho\u1eb7c r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, trong b\u1ea3n b\u00ecnh ch\u00fa, l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0110\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n.\u201d<\/i>\u00a0Trong khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a:\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ec1u\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u tr\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ng\u1eaft ra t\u1eebng c\u00e2u hay nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;\u00a0<i>Th\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3<\/i>\u00a0(hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3): Theo V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt l\u00e0\u00a0<i>th\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu<\/i>\u00a0(l\u01b0\u1ee1ng gi\u1ea3 th\u1ec9 d\u00e3 m\u1eabu d\u00e3). Theo c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea l\u00e0\u00a0<i>kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3<\/i>. Theo c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n l\u00e0\u00a0<i>v\u00f4 danh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu danh, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c<\/i>. Theo c\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n l\u00e0\u00a0<i>th\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu, v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu, di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfu<\/i>. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n v\u00e0 xin th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o (Th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1ea1o) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c (Th\u01b0\u1eddng Danh) cho \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;\u00a0<i>\u0110\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t<\/i>\u00a0(c\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c): Theo V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f9ng g\u1ed1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u00a0<i>huy\u1ec1n<\/i>\u00a0m\u00e0 ra (<i>\u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t \u01b0 huy\u1ec1n d\u00e3<\/i>). C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;\u00a0<i>Nhi d\u1ecb danh<\/i>\u00a0(nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c t\u00ean): Theo V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng: t\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ec9, t\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1eabu (<i>d\u1ecb danh s\u1edf thi b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u00e3, t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 t\u1eafc v\u1ecb chi th\u1ec9, t\u1ea1i chung t\u1eafc v\u1ecb chi m\u1eabu<\/i>).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Theo thi\u1ec3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc nguy\u00ean c\u00e2u\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t nhi d\u1ecb danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0m\u1edbi d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung th\u1ee9 ba, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u1ea3 hai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d<\/i>; gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay v\u1eady. L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:\u00a0<i>\u201cNh\u00ecn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Di, l\u1eafng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nghe g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi, n\u1eafm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi; ba c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 truy c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng; v\u00ec h\u00f2a l\u1eabn m\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t\u201d (Th\u1ecb chi b\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn danh vi\u1ebft Di, th\u00ednh chi b\u1ea5t v\u0103n danh vi\u1ebft Hi, b\u00e1c chi b\u1ea5t t\u1eafc danh vi\u1ebft Vi; th\u1eed tam gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tr\u00ed c\u1eadt. C\u1ed1 h\u1ed7n nhi vi nh\u1ea5t<\/i>\u00a0&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 14. Di, Hi, Vi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c, v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu, th\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu, di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, v\u00f4 thanh, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u (ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin s\u1ebd b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kh\u00e1c).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Di, Hi, Vi, hay h\u1eefu &#8211; v\u00f4, th\u1ec9 &#8211; m\u1eabu v.v\u2026 tuy kh\u00e1c t\u00ean (d\u1ecb danh) nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (\u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t). S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00ec g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc h\u00ecnh hai con nai b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00f3i: \u201c<i>\u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y qu\u00ed qu\u00e1!<\/i>\u201d, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u201c<i>con nai \u0111\u1eb9p th\u1eadt!<\/i>\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Trong thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 ch\u1ebb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m c\u1ee7i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t l\u1eeda c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong khi ch\u00fa ti\u1ec3u t\u00ecm kh\u00f4ng ra c\u1ee7i v\u00ec th\u1ea5y trong ch\u00f9a to\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt. V\u1eady \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nai, g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c t\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Nghi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con s\u01b0 t\u1eed v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00eau l\u00ean \u201c<i>th\u1eadp huy\u1ec1n ngh\u0129a<\/i>\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 l\u00fd Hoa Nghi\u00eam, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t nhi d\u1ecb danh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean\u201d<\/i>\u00a0th\u00ec quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 danh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu danh, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 l\u00fd. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e2u\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb chi huy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0theo sau l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng v\u00f4 l\u00fd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Trong ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u1ec1 d\u1ecb danh c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng\u00a0<i>\u201ct\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 t\u1eafc v\u1ecb chi th\u1ec9, t\u1ea1i chung t\u1eafc v\u1ecb chi m\u1eabu\u201d.<\/i>\u00a0Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i\u00a0<i>\u201ct\u1ea1i th\u1ee7\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, v\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201ct\u1ea1i chung\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, th\u00ec th\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi chung, trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 th\u1eddi gian.\u00a0<i>Th\u1ec9\u00a0<\/i>l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u0129nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. C\u00f2n\u00a0<i>m\u1eabu<\/i>\u00a0c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hai v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau hay hai th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t.\u00a0<i>Th\u1ec9\u00a0<\/i>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0<i>th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111ang l\u00e0<\/i>.\u00a0<b>Y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 phi th\u1eddi gian (ak\u00e0liko), n\u00ean \u0111i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y theo \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh<\/b>. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;\u00a0<i>\u0110\u1ed3ng vi chi huy\u1ec1n<\/i>\u00a0(\u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n): Theo V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt th\u00ec\u00a0<i>\u201chuy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 th\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t (<i>Huy\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 minh d\u00e3, m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean v\u00f4 h\u1eefu d\u00e3, th\u1ec9 m\u1eabu chi s\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t d\u00e3<\/i>). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo \u00f4ng, ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 th\u1ec9 v\u00e0 m\u1eabu ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m m\u00f9 m\u1ecbt, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec, danh ng\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean t\u1ea1m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>\u201chuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i v\u00f4 v\u00e0 c\u00e1i h\u1eefu, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u2026\u201d<\/i>\u00a0L\u00fd gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1eefu l\u00fd h\u01a1n c\u1ea3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y duy\u00ean, t\u00f9y th\u1eddi, t\u00f9y c\u1ea3nh, t\u00f9y d\u1ee5ng\u2026 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau, hay t\u00f9y theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean sai bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111em t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, tr\u1edf n\u00ean phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n, c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p, nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean. Cho n\u00ean, huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, d\u00f9 khi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cT\u1eafc k\u1ef3 \u0111o\u00e0i, b\u1ebf k\u1ef3 m\u00f4n,<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">T\u1ecfa k\u1ef3 nhu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">H\u00f2a k\u1ef3 quang, \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 tr\u1ea7n<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u1ecb v\u1ecb huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng.\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">(Ng\u0103n h\u1ebft l\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00f3ng h\u1ebft c\u1eeda, nh\u1ee5t b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y, b\u1ecf r\u1ed1i ren, h\u00f2a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00f9ng b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng)\u00a0<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211; LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 56.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ee9 h\u01b0\u1edbng ra ngo\u00e0i, \u0111em t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ec3, d\u1ee5ng\u2026 ngay n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n. \u0110i t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i m\u1eabu \u1edf cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm cho ra c\u00e1i huy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn bao gi\u1edd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng xu\u1ea5t\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nhau\u201d<\/i>, nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eeb h\u1eefu, h\u1eefu t\u1eeb v\u00f4, ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i theo thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec\u00a0<i>\u201cv\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p quy nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea5t quy v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p\u201d,<\/i>\u00a0ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ba, d\u00f9 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o. Th\u1ef1c ra \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu (nh\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1o s\u1ea3n sinh ra v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n, d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/i>\u00a0trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 56.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;\u00a0<i>Huy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n<\/i>\u00a0(huy\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i huy\u1ec1n). Theo ti\u00ean sinh V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00ec c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 xa th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i, cho n\u00ean huy\u1ec1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady\u00a0<i>(th\u1ee7 \u01b0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc nhi v\u1ecb chi nhi\u00ean t\u1eafc b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed3, nh\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n chi d\u0129 t\u1eafc th\u1ecb danh t\u1eafc th\u1ea5t chi vi\u1ec5n h\u0129, c\u1ed1 vi\u1ebft huy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n d\u00e3).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Theo c\u1ee5 Nghi\u00eam To\u1ea3n, th\u00ec huy\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i huy\u1ec1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e0ng \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu\u2026 c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n m\u00e3i. Di\u1ec7u th\u00ec s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, c\u00f2n ki\u1ebfu th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn, cho n\u00ean c\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i huy\u1ec1n m\u00e3i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 huy\u1ec1n n\u1eefa v\u1eddi m\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u00f9ng l\u00fd t\u1eadn t\u00ednh\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Theo c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Hi\u1ebfn L\u00ea th\u00ec huy\u1ec1n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u, cho n\u00ean c\u1ee5 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201chuy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i th\u00eam huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u\u201d<\/i>, c\u00f2n c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n th\u00ec hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/i>, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee5 Nguy\u1ec5n Duy C\u1ea7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 ki\u1ec3u ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 hay linh h\u1ed3n tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, m\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201chuy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi\u00a0<i>\u201cth\u1ec9 sinh chi x\u1ee9\u201d<\/i>\u00a0tinh nguy\u00ean, t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1c m\u00e0 x\u01b0a nay v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i vi\u00ean dung.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f3 l\u1ebd\u00a0<i>\u201chuy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u\u00a0<i>\u201cvi \u0110\u1ea1o nh\u1eadt t\u1ed5n, t\u1ed5n chi h\u1ef1u t\u1ed5n, d\u0129 ch\u00ed \u01b0 v\u00f4 vi\u201d<\/i><i>(l\u00e0m theo \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1edbt, b\u1edbt r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i b\u1edbt, cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn v\u00f4 vi)<\/i>-LT\u0110\u0110K, ch. 48. B\u1edbt \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cb\u1ebf k\u1ef3 \u0111o\u00e0i\u2026 \u0111\u1ed3ng k\u1ef3 tr\u1ea7n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0nh\u01b0 trong huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, huy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 s\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1o sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ebb huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1o gia c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng luy\u1ec7n\u00a0<i>\u201ctinh h\u00f3a kh\u00ed, kh\u00ed h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n, th\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n h\u01b0\u201d<\/i>\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u00f5i si\u00eau huy\u1ec1n \u1ea3o di\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Chuy\u1ec7n Vi Ti\u1ebfu k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u0103ng y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0, h\u1ecfi:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103ng?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: -9.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 36.0pt;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">S\u01b0 n\u00f3i:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify; text-indent: 27.0pt; line-height: normal; margin: 6.0pt 0cm .0001pt 0cm;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;<\/span><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u1ee9 \u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u00f4ng l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sao?<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">V\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:\u00a0<i>\u201cPh\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh (\u0110\u1ea1o) ch\u01b0a m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ai, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd t\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n h\u00f3a, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n, t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 kh\u00e9p k\u00edn, t\u1ef1 c\u00e1ch ng\u0103n, t\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, t\u1ef1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 huy\u1ec5n m\u1ed9ng. Th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng? C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecdng ng\u00e3. Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ea1i (\u0110\u1ea1i ng\u00e3) nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9ng (m\u1ed9ng trung chi m\u1ed9ng).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111i ch\u01a1i, su\u1ed1t c\u01a1n m\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, vui vui, th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, gh\u00e9t gh\u00e9t, s\u1ee3 s\u1ee3, lo lo, khi n\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00fac ch\u1ed7 n\u1ecd\u2026 nh\u01b0ng khi t\u1ec9nh d\u1eady th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 sai kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 th\u00ec ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 h\u1eafn mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u00ea v\u1ecdng, c\u00f2n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o h\u1ebft m\u00ea m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng hai.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u201cKhi m\u00ea n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t n\u00f3i hai.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u1eebng khi t\u1ec9nh m\u1ed9ng c\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t phen\u201d<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0(Vi Ti\u1ebfu)<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0<i>huy\u1ec1n<\/i>\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i chu\u1ed1c th\u00eam phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ngay th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0\u00a0<i>(d\u1ecb gi\u1ea3n nhi thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 chi l\u00fd \u0111\u1eafc h\u1ef7).<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u1eef huy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eef\u00a0<i>\u201ctrung\u201d<\/i>\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0110ai s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m hay ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh) c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t l\u00e0\u00a0<i>kh\u00f4ng<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>gi\u1ea3<\/i>. Khi t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0ng t\u1ecbch th\u00ec c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng. Khi t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, trong ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3\u00a0<i>(t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng t\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0ng t\u1ecbch, t\u00e1nh h\u1eefu t\u1eafc v\u1ea1n d\u1ee5ng h\u1eb1ng sa)<\/i>. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng hay v\u00e0o\u00a0\u00a0h\u1eefu (gi\u1ea3) th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u k\u1eb9t c\u1ea3. Cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng theo\u00a0<i>\u201ctrung\u201d<\/i>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0<i>huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3,<\/i>\u00a0m\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1o. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n trong Kinh T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 (Satipatth\u00e0na) l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n ngay n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n, th\u1ea5y th\u1ecd ngay n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh th\u1ecd, th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m ngay n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m, th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p ngay n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p (K\u00e0ye kayanupassi, vedan\u00e0su vedan\u00e0nupassi citte citt\u00e0nupassi, dhammesu dhamm\u00e0nupassi), v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t\u00a0\u00a0t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh (\u00e0t\u00e0p\u00ec sampaj\u00e0no sattim\u00e0) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 (abhijjh\u00e0 adomanassam). V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi \u0111ang \u0111i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ea5y c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i, khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au, khi t\u00e2m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, khi t\u00e2m an \u1ed5n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m an \u1ed5n, khi c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, khi c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an l\u1ea1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n th\u00e1y l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c v.v\u2026 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngay n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng hai, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa hi\u1ec7p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec trong an nhi\u00ean l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0<i>\u201cc\u1ea3m nhi to\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u1edbi thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, theo thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n Vipassan\u00e0 nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec, khi ch\u00fang ta b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, tr\u00ed b\u00e1t nh\u00e3 (pann\u00e0) s\u1ebd xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u n\u00e0mapannatti \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p atthapannatti, v\u00e0 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 atthapannatti \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ra t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh paramattha c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c. S\u1ef1 xuy\u00ean th\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed1t t\u1eed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201chuy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cd\u0129 ch\u00ed \u01b0 v\u00f4 vi\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">&#8211;\u00a0<i>Ch\u00fang di\u1ec7u chi m\u00f4n<\/i>\u00a0(c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi vi di\u1ec7u): V\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u00a0<i>(ch\u00fang di\u1ec7u giai t\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhi xu\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 vi\u1ebft ch\u00fang di\u1ec7u chi m\u00f4n d\u00e3)<\/i>. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u00fd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u ch\u1eef di\u1ec7u h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t t\u00ed m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. John C. H. Wu d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cThe Door of all essence\u201d nh\u01b0 v\u1eady di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ec3 hay y\u1ebfu t\u00ednh<\/i>. C\u00f2n Gia-Fu-Feng v\u00e0 Jane English th\u00ec d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0<i>\u201cThe gate to all mystery\u201d<\/i>, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 s\u00e2u k\u00edn, \u1ea9n m\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ra c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng xa nhau m\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Theo ch\u00fang t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u00ec L\u00e3o T\u1eed kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i tri\u1ebft l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung, \u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eebng b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi phi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1o, phi th\u01b0\u1eddng Danh do d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi qui \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp l\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh. \u00d4ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda bao la vi di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n tr\u1eddi m\u00eanh mang b\u00e1t ng\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda c\u1ee7a\u00a0<i>\u201chuy\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef1u huy\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang di\u1ec7u chi m\u00f4n\u201d<\/i>\u00a0v\u1eady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin ghi l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u00e0i d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">I\/ a \u2013 \u0110\u1ea1o (h\u1eefu vi) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">b \u2013 Danh (thi thi\u1ebft) m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u00e0 danh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i danh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">II\/ a \u2013 Kh\u00f4ng, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi b\u1ea3n th\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0b \u2013 C\u00f3, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u1eb9 sinh c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">III\/ Cho n\u00ean:<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">a\/ &#8211; Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ed7 uy\u00ean \u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o;<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">b\/ &#8211; Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u00eam ch\u1ed7 vi t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">IV\/ Hai c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 kh\u00e1c t\u00ean.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n. Huy\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i huy\u1ec1n.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><i><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">C\u1eeda v\u00e0o vi di\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/i><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm; line-height: normal;\"><span style=\"font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman';\">Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 xin \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u00f4i ba thi\u1ec3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng mong soi s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 s\u00e2u xa vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 L\u00e3o T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 g\u00ec ch\u1ee7 quan sai l\u1ea7m, hay th\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh tha th\u1ee9.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p style=\"mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; text-align: center; line-height: normal;\" align=\"center\">\u00a0<\/p>\n<p>http:\/\/www.trungtamhotong.org\/NoiDung\/ThuVien\/LaoTuDDK\/ThuVien31_2.htm<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:table --><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Trung T\u00e2m H\u1ed9 T\u00f4ng\u00a0\u00a0Trang Ch\u1ee7 T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u1eedQua Quan \u0110i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:\u00a0Vi\u00ean Minh M\u1ee5c L\u1ee5c \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u L\u1eddi N\u00f3i \u0110\u1ea7u Ng\u1ed9\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16489,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[101,106],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-16481","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phat-giao-nguyen-thuy-dong-truyen-thua","category-tai-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16481","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16481"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16481\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16492,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16481\/revisions\/16492"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16489"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16481"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=16481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}