{"id":16538,"date":"2022-02-10T22:59:38","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T15:59:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=16538"},"modified":"2022-02-10T22:59:39","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T15:59:39","slug":"so-luoc-nguon-goc-lich-su-phat-giao-viet-nam-tu-thoi-ky-du-nhap-den-nay","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/02\/10\/so-luoc-nguon-goc-lich-su-phat-giao-viet-nam-tu-thoi-ky-du-nhap-den-nay\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 du nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nay"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n s\u1eed li\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n qua Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n qua Vi\u1ec7t Nam.1<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo c\u00e1c di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00f9a x\u01b0a v\u00e0 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eddi H\u1eadu H\u00e1n, s\u00e1ch L\u00fd Ho\u1eb7c Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u00e2u T\u1eed, \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh\u2026cho ta th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 III tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I, \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 sang Giao Ch\u1ec9. L\u00fac n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i hai trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng, B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh \u1edf Trung Hoa, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Li\u00ean L\u00e2u (Luy L\u00e2u) t\u1ea1i Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u201cm\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u201d. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Luy L\u00e2u v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00f3ng kh\u00e1 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1eed lu\u1eadn2<\/sup>: \u201c\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Theo nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, n\u0103m 273 vua Asoka l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o du nh\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a phong ph\u00fa. C\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Hai B\u00e0 Tr\u01b0ng, t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t lu\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi H\u00e1n lu\u1eadt3<\/sup>, nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u t\u00edch v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t qua b\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7t ca c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch c\u1ed5 Trung Qu\u1ed1c4<\/sup>, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi l\u1ecbch ph\u00e1p ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc5<\/sup>, nh\u1eefng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ti\u1ebfp thu v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u00f3; v\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u0169 kh\u00ed s\u1eafc b\u00e9n v\u00e0 uy v\u0169 \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng \u00e2m m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u00e0 n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc ngay t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 du nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb Trung Hoa, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u, c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y6<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi V\u0103n Lang, \u00c2u L\u1ea1c th\u1eddi x\u01b0a c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n phong ph\u00fa, r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, \u201cbi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c m\u00f3n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5, trang s\u1ee9c, tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ed3ng, m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch,\u2026 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam hi\u1ec7n nay r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o\u201d7<\/sup>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u0103m 179 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean (TCN), \u00c2u L\u1ea1c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u00e1ch \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Tri\u1ec7u, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111en t\u1ed1i k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c8<\/sup>. Sau khi chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, Tri\u1ec7u \u0110\u00e0 chia \u00c2u L\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh hai qu\u1eadn l\u00e0 Giao Ch\u1ec9, C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u00e1t nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Nam Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb xa x\u01b0a trong c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 truy\u1ec7n c\u1ed5 t\u00edch. L\u0129nh Nam Ch\u00edch Qu\u00e1i (vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh th\u1eddi L\u00ea) c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p truy\u1ec7n Ch\u1eed \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 Man N\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 Ch\u1eed \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed, s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u0103ng l\u00e0 Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng Quang truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e9p. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3i k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn M\u00e2u T\u1eed v\u00e0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Luy L\u00e2u (B\u1eafc Ninh), M\u00e2u T\u1eed g\u1eb7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau, \u00f4ng vi\u1ebft L\u00fd Ho\u1eb7c Lu\u1eadn (l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n nghi ho\u1eb7c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt), d\u00f9ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n (Kh\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1o, L\u00e3o gi\u00e1o) \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a man di. L\u00fd Ho\u1eb7c Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u1eady ch\u00ednh M\u00e2u T\u1eed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111ang \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 B\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c9<\/sup>, v\u1ec1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Nho gi\u00e1o, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u00f4ng tr\u1eddi, g\u00e2y ph\u00fac h\u1ecda cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111a th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o trong t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nho gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Trung Qu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t \u1ea5y. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao thoa b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1o L\u00e3o \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m 111 TCN, nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n th\u00f4n t\u00ednh Nam Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u00c2u L\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n. \u00c2u L\u1ea1c b\u1ecb chia th\u00e0nh ba qu\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 Giao Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0: Giao Ch\u1ec9, C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt Nam. \u0110\u1ec3 n\u00f4 d\u1ecbch nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n ta v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u00e2y H\u00e1n, Nho gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, hai vi\u00ean th\u00e1i th\u00fa qu\u1eadn Giao Ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 T\u00edch Quang v\u00e0 Nh\u00e2m Di\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u201cd\u1ef1ng h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7u\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y l\u1ec5 ngh\u0129a, t\u1ee9c m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y Nho h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 phong t\u1ee5c H\u00e1n t\u1ed9c. Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u201cPhong t\u1ee5c v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t L\u0129nh Nam b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb hai th\u00e1i th\u00fa \u1ea5y\u201d10<\/sup>. \u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n l\u00e0m th\u00e1i th\u00fa Giao Ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc Nho \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i kinh bang t\u1ebf th\u1ebf, t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u kinh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 Nho Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1eddi sau r\u1ea5t k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp, t\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u201cS\u0129 v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d v\u00e0 xem S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam \u2013 \u201cNam giao h\u1ecdc t\u1ed5\u201d. Mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vua H\u00e1n Hi\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ebf th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ee3i khen: \u201cGiao Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn, s\u00f4ng n\u00fai hun \u0111\u00fac, tr\u00e2n b\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u0103n v\u1eadt kh\u1ea3 quan, nh\u00e2n t\u00e0i ki\u1ec7t xu\u1ea5t\u201d11<\/sup>. Do v\u1eady, \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng khi x\u1ea3y ra lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n Nam Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch di c\u01b0 sang Giao Ch\u00e2u. Nhi\u1ec1u s\u0129 phu ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e1u n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u0129 Nhi\u1ebfp khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y Nho h\u1ecdc. S\u1eed th\u1ea7n Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t: \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc ta th\u00f4ng thi th\u01b0, h\u1ecdc l\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c, l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb S\u0129 V\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n truy\u1ec1n m\u00e3i \u0111\u1eddi sau, h\u00e1 ch\u1eb3ng l\u1edbn sao?12<\/sup>. G\u00f3p s\u1ee9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea1o Nho c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng danh nho Trung Qu\u1ed1c do \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 b\u1ecb tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0y \u0111i bi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9 ngo\u00e0i bi\u00ean \u1ea3i, nh\u01b0 Ngu Phi\u00ean b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0y sang Giao Ch\u00e2u m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u201cd\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ecfi, m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i tr\u0103m\u201d13<\/sup>. T\u1ea1i c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m ch\u00e2u tr\u1ecb, qu\u1eadn tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 Luy L\u00e2u, Long Bi\u00ean, T\u01b0 Ph\u1ed1, C\u01b0 Phong\u2026 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 H\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Theo h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con em c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n cai tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u00e1n di c\u01b0 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 con em c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9. Trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Ch\u1ec9, C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n h\u1ecdc gi\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m quan \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ecdng, L\u00fd Ti\u1ebfn, L\u00fd C\u1ea7m, B\u1ed1c Long\u202614<\/sup>. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Ch\u00e2u du h\u1ecdc t\u1eadn kinh \u0111\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. Hai anh em Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u00f4ng Ph\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi C\u1eedu Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed7 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 \u1edf Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m quan \u1edf tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u1eadu H\u00e1n, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ba trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 Luy L\u00e2u, L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh. S\u1eed li\u1ec7u c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a hai trung t\u00e2m L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Luy L\u00e2u thu\u1ed9c Giao Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p cho vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh hai trung t\u00e2m kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai, Luy L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c du nh\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Thi\u1ec1n Uy\u1ec3n T\u1eadp Anh15<\/sup>, m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00f3i chung, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ta tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong s\u1eed s\u00e1ch t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 II tr\u1edf \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng cho th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 sang \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1edbm v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba sau n\u00e0y. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi M\u00e2u T\u1eed, Luy L\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong ba trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Hai n\u01a1i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh. L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong th\u1eddi H\u00e1n Minh \u0110\u1ebf (58-75) khi \u00f4ng cho m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ec9nh kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0111em truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0o Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng trung t\u00e2m L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb trung t\u00e2m B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb Luy L\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf l\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi H\u00e1n Minh \u0110\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eafm r\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1. Nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi H\u00e1n Minh \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sau n\u00e0y truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho vi\u1ec7c Luy L\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u. M\u00e2u T\u1eed h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt \u1edf Luy L\u00e2u c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf Luy L\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Trong L\u00fd Ho\u1eb7c Lu\u1eadn, M\u00e2u T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n Giao Ch\u1ec9, trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi H\u00e1n v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t gia Quy y Tam b\u1ea3o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ghi ch\u00e9p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean mang Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt l\u00e0 Ma Ha K\u1ef3 V\u1ef1c v\u00e0 Kh\u00e2u \u0110\u00e0 La \u0111\u1ebfn Giao Ch\u1ec9 trong kho\u1ea3ng 169-189 v\u00e0 Chi C\u01b0\u01a1ng L\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ecbch kinh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c n\u0103m 255-256. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u0103ng g\u1ed1c Giao Ch\u1ec9 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang tranh c\u00e3i li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay kh\u00f4ng. Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u01b0 (Uzbekistan), \u0111\u1ebfn Giao Ch\u1ec9 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0 sinh ra \u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u00d4ng l\u1edbn l\u00ean v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 247, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u0111\u00f4 Ki\u1ebfn Nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 H\u1eadu H\u00e1n Th\u01b0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n S\u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng Anh theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, s\u00e1ch L\u00fd Ho\u1eb7c Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a M\u00e2u T\u1eed vi\u1ebft t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 b\u00e1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai, kinh T\u1ee9 Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c, cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi H\u1eadu H\u00e1n (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai) ngo\u00e0i hai trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf Trung Hoa, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c \u1edf Giao Ch\u1ec9 (t\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam), l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111ang n\u1ed9i thu\u1ed9c Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Trung t\u00e2m Luy L\u00e2u<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u00e2u \u00c1 n\u00f3i chung, Luy L\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong ba trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 kh\u1edfi thu\u1ef7 \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c1 v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, s\u1edbm h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 hai trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf Luy L\u00e2u c\u00f3 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1edd th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u00e2y, m\u01b0a, s\u1ea5m ,ch\u1edbp. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y, n\u00ean m\u1edbi sinh ra truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Man N\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u1ee9 Ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd\u2026 G\u1eafn v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Man N\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng D\u00e2u (Thu\u1eadn Th\u00e0nh \u2013 B\u1eafc Ninh), ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i T\u1ee9 Ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n v\u1eabn th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, tuy nh\u1eefng l\u1ec5 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o h\u00f4 phong ho\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIII-XIV m\u1edbi c\u00f3 di t\u00edch c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Trung t\u00e2m Luy L\u00e2u, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng Vi\u1ec5n \u00d0\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. Trung t\u00e2m Luy L\u00e2u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp s\u1edbm h\u01a1n trung t\u00e2m L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung Hoa c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00f3 hai con s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed (Yangtze) v\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng H\u00e0 (Huang He, Yellow river). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Luoyang), ng\u00e0y nay thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh H\u00e0 Nam b\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh (Pengcheng), thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh Giang T\u00f4 ng\u00e0y nay. T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m t\u00ean l\u00e0 Luy L\u00e2u, t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1i ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng B\u1eafc H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, ng\u00e0y nay thu\u1ed9c t\u1ec9nh B\u1eafc Ninh, Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 Luy L\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh, h\u01a1n hai trung t\u00e2m B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00fd do l\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u00e0i th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec \u1edf Luy L\u00e2u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m th\u1ea7y ng\u01b0\u1eddi Giao Ch\u00e2u (Giao Ch\u1ec9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ba trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fdv\u1edbi nhau r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m Luy L\u00e2u l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, c\u00f2n hai trung t\u00e2m kia th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai quy\u1ebft ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nhau l\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft trong H\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch Ng\u00f4 ch\u00ed ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng trung t\u00e2m L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 do trung t\u00e2m B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o d\u1ef1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung Hoa nh\u01b0 H\u1ed3 Th\u00edch16<\/sup> th\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb Luy L\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee7y m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9. \u00d4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u0103ng s\u0129 kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111i t\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y (t\u1ee9c V\u0169 T\u00e2y), r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb Qu\u1ea3ng T\u00e2y \u0111i t\u1edbi Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00fai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn mi\u1ec1n h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1eadu H\u00e1n th\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i n\u00e0y: \u201cQu\u1eadn Nh\u1eadt Nam \u0111em ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn H\u00e1n \u0110\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n. Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u01b0, sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t Giao Ch\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 Ba, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1eeb Giao Ch\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Th\u00edch n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc Ng\u00f4 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady trong ba trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1eddi H\u00e1n v\u1eeba k\u1ec3, trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t? Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trung t\u00e2m Luy L\u00e2u t\u1ea1i Giao Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ta bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn do \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a hai trung t\u00e2m L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1edd. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang ta ngh\u0129 trung t\u00e2m Luy L\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1p cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m B\u00e0nh Th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 L\u1ea1c D\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ean 2000 n\u0103m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, gi\u00e1o lu\u1eadt,\u2026c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t v\u0103n ho\u00e1 Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VI \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o B\u1eafc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u00e0 thay v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c ba t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0: t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng m\u00e3, t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c coi ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd, t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u00fang sao h\u1ea1n, xin x\u0103m, b\u00f3i qu\u1ebb,\u2026 V\u00ec th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ecdi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n trong l\u00f2ng n\u00f3 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Ri\u00eang \u1edf Giao Ch\u00e2u n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian th\u1edd ph\u00fac th\u1ea7n, nhi\u00ean th\u1ea7n, th\u1edd M\u1eabu, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1eadt linh\u2026 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi phong t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t n\u00ean n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng trong sinh ho\u1ea1t Thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n 17<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Th\u1ee9 hai, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng Thi\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u0103n ho\u00e1 giao l\u01b0u ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng Thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Nguy\u1ec5n Lang trong \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1eed lu\u1eadn\u201d cho r\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng Thi\u1ec1n \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb T\u1ef3 Ni \u0110a L\u01b0u Chi. N\u0103m 580, T\u1ef3 Ni \u0110a L\u01b0u Chi sang Giao Ch\u00e2u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Ph\u00e1p V\u00e2n gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra d\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u1edf ch\u00f9a D\u00e2u. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 d\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IX, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i giao l\u01b0u kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n sang v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng Thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 Ng\u00f4n Th\u00f4ng. Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1eadm d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc Trung Hoa v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1edf ngay trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, Ph\u1eadtt\u1ea1i t\u00e2m. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu ch\u1ee9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm b\u1eaft qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, v\u0103n t\u1ef1. Thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1i V\u00f4 Ng\u00f4n Th\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t l\u1eadp v\u0103n t\u1ef1, tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m, ki\u1ebfn t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi L\u00fd \u2013 Tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ba m\u1ed1i giao l\u01b0u \u2013 ti\u1ebfp bi\u1ebfn b\u1edfi c\u00f3 3 ngu\u1ed3n du nh\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u1edbi khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb Nam \u1ea4n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n sang b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean v\u1edbi kinh v\u0103n h\u1ec7 B\u00e1t nh\u00e3;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i T\u1ef3 Ni \u0110a L\u01b0u Chi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VI v\u1edbi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00f4 tr\u1ee5, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t h\u1eefu \u2013 v\u00f4;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2013 Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1edbi vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Ng\u00f4n Th\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IX v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Th\u1ee9 ba, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o cho n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 khi ta xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m trong s\u00e1ch \u201cL\u00fd Ho\u1eb7c Lu\u1eadn\u201d c\u1ee7a M\u00e2u T\u1eed v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c kinh m\u00e0 Kh\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch. \u201cTrong b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a kinh \u201cAn ban th\u1ee7 \u00fd\u201d T\u0103ng H\u1ed9i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebft: \u201cAn ban l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra \u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch kinh \u201cTi\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1t nh\u00e3\u201d (B\u00e1t thi\u00ean t\u1ee5ng b\u00e1t nh\u00e3) l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong v\u0103n h\u1ec7 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o khi truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac ngay v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7n dung v\u1edbi Nho gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u1ed1ng x\u00e2m l\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XX: \u201cT\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n linh, gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc. T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i bao qu\u00e1t c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1eabn thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y.\u201d<\/em> Hay c\u00e2u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam: \u201cM\u00e1i ch\u00f9a che ch\u1edf h\u1ed3n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/em> Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp t\u00f9y duy\u00ean m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebfu t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c: Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u2026 nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t huy vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, kh\u1ea9u hi\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XXI ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m \u201cTri-t\u00fac-h\u00e0nh\u201d trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 soi x\u00e9t, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u. D\u00f9ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m xen l\u1eabn v\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u201cT\u1ee9 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u00e1p\u201d l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia hay t\u1ea1i gia l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e9t th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3. Giai \u0111oan \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u201cTri h\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. B\u1edfi t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eb1m \u201ctr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c, an d\u00e2n b\u00ecnh thi\u00ean h\u1ea1\u201d th\u00f4ng qua tinh th\u1ea7n \u201cBi-Tr\u00ed-D\u0169ng\u201d. N\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u vinh d\u1ef1 l\u1edbn khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng qu\u00ed gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho th\u1ea5y Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i giao thoa gi\u1eefa n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa. Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qua c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u1edf l\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n theo tr\u1ee5c t\u1eeb \u1ea4n sang Hoa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb Hoa sang \u1ea4n, m\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa. Do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1eadp t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o l\u00e0ng x\u00e3, h\u00f2a v\u00e0o v\u0103n h\u00f3a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u00ec l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u1ea7n c\u01b0, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Ch\u00f9a l\u00e0ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m phong ph\u00fa th\u00eam v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0ng Vi\u1ec7t. H\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, d\u00e2n ta c\u00f3 l\u00fac m\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t l\u00e0ng. V\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0ng \u2013 trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u \u201ch\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d v\u0103n h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u2013 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. G\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi v\u0103n h\u00f3a l\u00e0ng, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u00e0 kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i x\u00e2m, c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 hun \u0111\u00fac \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u, v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf, g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u gian nan x\u00e2y n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp (th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X) v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong B\u1ea3y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. N\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean hai n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ee9c t\u00e2m t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Hai n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y h\u00f2a quy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau, th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. V\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, l\u1ea5y s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0m s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch chung c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n H\u1ea1nh <\/strong>\u2013 Vi\u1ec7n Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i
T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u2013 S\u1ed1 th\u00e1ng 11\/2018<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH:<\/em>
1. Theo s\u00e1ch \u201cVi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o S\u1eed Lu\u1eadn, quy\u1ec3n I, c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Lang, 1994.<\/em>
2. T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 Nguy\u1ec5n Lang \u2013 Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i \u2013 1979<\/em>
3. L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp 1, Nxb.Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, 1999, trang 36.<\/em>
4. L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp 1, Nxb.Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, 1999, trang 38-45.<\/em>
5. L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t. L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp 1, Nxb.Thu\u1eadn H\u00f3a, 1999, trang 61-70.<\/em>
6. Theo Nguy\u1ec5n Lang, Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1eed lu\u1eadn, in l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3, Nxb V\u0103n h\u00f3a, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1992<\/em>
7. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m. S\u0111d., t.1, tr.57.<\/em>
8. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu Qu\u00fdnh, Phan \u0110\u1ea1i Do\u00e3n, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1ea3nh Minh. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t.1. Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1998, tr. 60.<\/em>
9. Xem: Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu Qu\u00fdnh, Phan \u0110\u1ea1i Do\u00e3n, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1ea3nh Minh. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t.1. Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1998, tr. 60.<\/em>
9. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, t.1. Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1998, tr.155.<\/em>
10. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nxb TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, 1993, tr.87.<\/em>
11. \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0. S\u0111d., t.1, tr.164.<\/em>
12. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m. S\u0111d., t.1, tr.61.<\/em>
13. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00e0i Th\u01b0 (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean). L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t.1. Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1998, tr.81.<\/em>
14. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 khuy\u1ebft danh, nh\u01b0ng theo h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Kim S\u01a1n so\u1ea1n, ni\u00ean so\u1ea1n l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0110inh S\u1eedu Khai H\u1ef1u (1337). Tham kh\u1ea3o Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n uy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp anh c\u1ee7a L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t, Nxb. TPHCM, 1999.<\/em>
15. H\u1ed3 Th\u00edch Lu\u1eadn H\u1ecdc C\u1eadn Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, 1935<\/em>
16. Nguy\u1ec5n Lang, t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, trang 138 139.<\/em>
17. T\u1eeb t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n kinh t\u1ebf, Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u00f3a.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O:<\/em>
1. Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Th\u1ee5c (1998), L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp 2, NXB th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/em>
2. PGS.TS. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng H\u1eadu (2002 \u2013 ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean), \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eadp 1, NXB \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc qu\u1ed1c gia H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
3. Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o S\u1eed l\u01b0\u1ee3c, TS Th\u00edch Nh\u1ea5t H\u1ea1nh.<\/em>
4. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m \u2013 trg 327. Kinh Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng tu h\u00e0nh.<\/em>
5. \u00d0\u1ea1i-vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed-k\u00fd to\u00e0n-th\u01b0. Ng\u00f4 S\u0129-Li\u00ean.<\/em>
6. Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e0u. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX \u0111\u1ebfn C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m. Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1993.<\/em>
7. Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng H\u1eefu Qu\u00fdnh, Phan \u0110\u1ea1i Do\u00e3n, Nguy\u1ec5n C\u1ea3nh Minh. \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t.1. Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1998.<\/em>
8. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u00e0i Th\u01b0 (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean). L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, t.1. Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1998.<\/em>
9. Nguy\u1ec5n Th\u1ebf Long. Nho h\u1ecdc \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thi c\u1eed. Nxb Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1995<\/em>
10. Phan \u0110\u1ea1i Do\u00e3n (ch\u1ee7 bi\u00ean). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Nho gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
11. Nguy\u1ec5n H\u00f9ng H\u1eadu (2003), \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
12. Nguy\u1ec5n Duy Hinh (1999), T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
13. Nguy\u1ec5n Lang (2008), Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1eed lu\u1eadn, t.1,2,3, Nxb V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
14. Phan Ng\u1ecdc Li\u00ean (2006), Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thi c\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1ng T\u00e1m 1945, Nxb T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u00e1ch khoa, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
15. Ng\u00f4 S\u0129 Li\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed th\u1ea7n tri\u1ec1u L\u00ea (1967), \u0110\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t s\u1eed k\u00fd to\u00e0n th\u01b0, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
16. Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a (1991), \u201cL\u00fd ho\u1eb7c Lu\u1eadn, b\u00f4ng hoa \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Luy L\u00e2u\u201d, T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed H\u00e1n N\u00f4m, s\u1ed1 1.<\/em>
17. Tr\u1ea7n Ngh\u0129a (2000), S\u01b0u t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 X, Nxb Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
18. Nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc Tr\u1ea7n V\u0103n Gi\u00e1p, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1996.<\/em>
19. H\u00e0 V\u0103n T\u1ea5n (2002), Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc Vi\u1ec7t Nam: Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb Khoa h\u1ecdc x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
20. L\u00eaT\u1eafc (1961), An Nam ch\u00ed l\u01b0\u1ee3c,Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Hu\u1ebf, Hu\u1ebf.<\/em>
21. L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t (1999), Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Thi\u1ec1n Uy\u1ec3n T\u1eadp Anh, Nxb Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Tp. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh.<\/em>
22. L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t (2003), L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Nxb Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, Tp. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. 23.Th\u00edch Thanh T\u1eeb (1973), Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Tu vi\u1ec7n Ch\u01a1n Kh\u00f4ng, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n.<\/em>
24. Vi\u1ec7n Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc (2002), L\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u2013 V\u0103n tuy\u1ec3n: t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1eddi L\u00fd, Nxb Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c gia, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em>
25. Vi\u1ec7n Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc (1986), M\u1ea5y v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Vi\u1ec7t Nam, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cho r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam truy\u1ec1n tr\u1ef1c\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16539,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-16538","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lich-su-dao-phat-viet-nam"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16538","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16538"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16538\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16540,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16538\/revisions\/16540"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16539"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16538"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16538"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16538"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=16538"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}