{"id":16549,"date":"2022-02-10T23:27:42","date_gmt":"2022-02-10T16:27:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=16549"},"modified":"2022-02-10T23:29:18","modified_gmt":"2022-02-10T16:29:18","slug":"tong-quan-ve-cac-phap-mon-trong-phat-giao-tay-tang","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/02\/10\/tong-quan-ve-cac-phap-mon-trong-phat-giao-tay-tang\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-thi\u1ec1n-ph\u1eadt-giao wp-block-embed-thi\u1ec1n-ph\u1eadt-giao\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/thienphatgiao.org\/tong-quan-ve-cac-phap-mon-trong-phat-giao-tay-tang\/\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:&nbsp;<strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"254\" height=\"338\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/phat-giao-tay-tang1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16550\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/phat-giao-tay-tang1.jpg 254w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/phat-giao-tay-tang1-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 254px) 100vw, 254px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-trinh-x\u1eed-ly-nhung wp-block-embed-trinh-x\u1eed-ly-nhung\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/youtube.com\/watch?v=8TmhSWCqBb0%3Flist%3DPLmD4bxFLP300A935_OSs7idfrALydyfKd\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1280\" height=\"720\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/8TmhSWCqBb0?list=PLmD4bxFLP300A935_OSs7idfrALydyfKd\" title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code><\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p theo c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u1eeba v\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1ee7 \u1ea4n. V\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi [hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y] \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ecd h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v.v\u2026 n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh [c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng] c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f4i qua theo c\u00e1ch h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n. Cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p hay kh\u00f4ng, th\u1eddi gian c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang ta c\u0169ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u00f4i qua, n\u00ean n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n x\u1ea3y ra ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i [\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda]. M\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u01a1i d\u1ea7n theo th\u1eddi gian. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u00fap ta t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u00e0 so\u00e1t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. [Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3,] ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n. Cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o t\u00f4i c\u0169ng duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean r\u00e0 so\u00e1t l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 [h\u00e0nh x\u1eed] c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng h\u1eefu \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u00f4i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, r\u1ed3i nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u1ea5y theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng ai thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u01b0a th\u00edch nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c qua vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y v\u1edbi truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng [t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o] c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp [theo \u0111\u00f3].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong kinh v\u0103n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng [gi\u00e1o l\u00fd] v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng [gi\u00e1o l\u00fd] kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean th\u1eeba v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba (Hinayana), \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba (Mahayana) v\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba (Tantra).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00e2n th\u1eeba v\u00e0 thi\u00ean th\u1eeba \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng [gi\u00e1o l\u00fd] v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u1edf c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng [gi\u00e1o l\u00fd] nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e1i sanh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean th\u1eeba, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1eeba kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn lao cho r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, [gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a] c\u00e1c th\u1eeba n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng xoay c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u00fap ta ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 minh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. V\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng [gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p] bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 [Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba hay] \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba (hay \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba), quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, trong khi v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Khi quan ni\u1ec7m v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0m kh\u01a1i d\u1eady m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u xa, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb n\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed do ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i [trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c]. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng [gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p] n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c sinh \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea9y nhanh ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt th\u1eeba.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a [theo th\u1eddi gian], hay quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Kashmir l\u00e0 Shakyashri, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y 2.500 n\u0103m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101da. Nh\u01b0ng theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y h\u01a1n 3.000 n\u0103m. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i h\u01a1n 2.800 n\u0103m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y c\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ri\u00eang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai \u2013 ngay c\u1ea3 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u2013 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac xem x\u00e9t vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 [v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y] hay kh\u00f4ng. Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ed1c th\u1eddi gian ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u00edch.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sinh ra c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn l\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed, k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con trai. R\u1ed3i sau khi quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft\u2026 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00e1n l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c th\u1eadt kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t cho nh\u1eefng ai tin theo ng\u00e0i, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed phi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 hy sinh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi ta l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i l\u00ean v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn th\u00ec trong v\u00f2ng 49 ng\u00e0y sau khi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i ban th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng tu khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi kh\u1ea5t s\u0129. V\u00ec ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c n\u00ean h\u1ecd xa l\u00e1nh ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c quay l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00fac ng\u00e0i \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i, h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean [kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m] t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ec5 k\u00ednh, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u1ea7n Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf [hay B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd]. Nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0: ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au (Kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf), ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au (T\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf), ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au (Di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf) v\u00e0 [ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u1ec1] con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au (\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n [\u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch sang] ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, th\u00ec khi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng trong m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: (1) b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n nh\u1eefng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, (2) nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 (3) t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u, v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, m\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, th\u00ec ch\u00ednh kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u0169ng lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00e9t theo t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a [gi\u00e1o l\u00fd] T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf, t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 quan ni\u1ec7m duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh x\u1eed b\u1ea5t b\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. L\u00fd do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0, m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au x\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn [v\u1edbi ta] kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1u do c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, ta nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, v\u1ed1n [l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n] l\u00e0m sinh kh\u1edfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. V\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ecdi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng mong mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 [n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3], qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai c\u1eb7p nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3: kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 [qu\u1ea3] an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac m\u00e0 ta t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m thanh t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. S\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ta ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t [m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au], \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Khi s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh duy nh\u1ea5t. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, [ch\u00fang ta] c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, hay gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1nh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 3 m\u00f4n tu h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, [c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac] c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m 3 ph\u1ea7n: Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng, Kinh t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u00f9y theo nam hay n\u1eef, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u1edf s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp 3 m\u00f4n gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o 10 h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, 4 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00fd.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1. C\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111i sinh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u00fang sinh n\u00e0o \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2. Tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, l\u1ea5y \u0111i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y cho ph\u00e9p, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n [hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp th\u00f4ng qua ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3. T\u00e0 d\u00e2m, quan h\u1ec7 t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u (l\u1eddi n\u00f3i) l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. N\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay c\u1eed ch\u1ec9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd; g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch [n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi] t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e0o s\u00e2u h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. N\u00f3i l\u1eddi v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ed1c ngh\u1ebfch do th\u00f4i th\u00fac b\u1edfi tham d\u1ee5c\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00fd (t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng) l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8. Tham lam, mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9. S\u00e2n h\u1eadn, mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, cho d\u00f9 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn lao hay nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10. T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, si m\u00ea, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u2013 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh, lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, hay Tam b\u1ea3o \u2013 m\u00e0 cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (Pratimok\u1e63a \u2013 Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1ed9c-xoa). \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 4 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t, v\u1ec1 sau ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh 18 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ghi Ba-la-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1ed9c-xoa ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y ban \u0111\u1ea7u do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra, \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia trong c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n. Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd tr\u00ec trong c\u00e1c t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng C\u0103n b\u1ea3n Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 (Mulasarvastavadin), theo \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo th\u1ecd C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi (hay \u0110\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi) s\u1ebd th\u1ecd tr\u00ec 253 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi. Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Therav\u0101da th\u00ec gi\u1edbi Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo bao g\u1ed3m 227 \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt mang \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng [ban \u0111\u1ea7u] c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh L\u1ef1c<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a chung c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m (hay thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh) v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (hay thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n). Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an \u0111\u1ecbnh hay nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. Trong c\u1ea3 2 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c th\u1eadt v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. Hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quan tr\u1ecdng trong thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c chi, trong khi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta tu t\u1eadp gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, sau n\u00e0y khi tu t\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn. Trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y ph\u1ea9m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chung c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1ch ra bao g\u1ed3m 37 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, hay 37 ph\u1ea9m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, ch\u1ec9 cho 4 ph\u00e1p: th\u00e2n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, th\u1ecd ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eef \u201cni\u1ec7m\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n, v\u00ec khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp nh\u1edd v\u00e0o T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 gieo tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c cho \u0111\u1eddi sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh. V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t an \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00ean ti\u1ebfp theo s\u1ebd l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n t\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 c\u0103n, Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c, B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chung c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, theo nh\u01b0 [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt] \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra trong l\u1ea7n Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u1ea7n Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c kinh h\u1ec7 B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a, hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Linh Th\u1ee9u, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea7n Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng trong l\u1ea7n Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. Trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, r\u1eb1ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh, n\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Khi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed vi t\u1ebf do ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf hay s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Trong l\u1ea7n Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng trong Kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 c\u0169ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf hay con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n trong Kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tha mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 [gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a] ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. L\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chung c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00f9 v\u1eady, trong c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac chung c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 2 nh\u00f3m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u qua gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a, trong khi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n. Do \u0111\u00f3, d\u1ef1a theo T\u1ee9 y c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ch\u00fang ta ph\u00e2n chia kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh 2 nh\u00f3m: kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, v\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 y c\u1ee9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn: y theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng y theo c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p th\u00ec y theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng y theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef; y theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng y theo kinh b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a; v\u00e0 y theo tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u00e2u xa, kh\u00f4ng y theo tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y ngay trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kheo, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3, \u0111\u1eebng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta n\u00f3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u1ea5y.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c kinh h\u1ec7 B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 theo hai m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9: \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u0103n t\u1ef1, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i s\u00e2u k\u00edn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u1ea7n Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea7n Chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kinh Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng, v\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u1ea3n sinh tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng ca c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Sublime Continuum) c\u1ee7a lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 Di-l\u1eb7c. V\u00ec t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 cao si\u00eau, th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai, n\u00ean trong kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i s\u00e2u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 quan ni\u1ec7m t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai \u2013 qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 \u2013 l\u00e0 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong kinh Gi\u1ea3i th\u00e2m m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m: nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb quy g\u00e1n, nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn [c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i] t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng [kh\u00e1c nhau] c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u00e1n t\u00f4ng (M\u0101dhyamika) v\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng [Cittam\u0101tra] \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba (Tantra) m\u00e0 t\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba. T\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u201ctantra\u201d mang ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c\u201d. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n M\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n Du-gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 Trang nghi\u00eam Kim cang tinh y\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng, \u201ctantra\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, ch\u1ec9 cho s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea1m vi th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m linh, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n tinh th\u1ea7n, tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 b\u1eadc cao tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp\u2026 V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201ctantra\u201d hay d\u00f2ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tantra trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba, v\u00ec trong l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc ngh\u0129a l\u00fd kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00dd ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec3n b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, trong khi h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kinh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu t\u1eadp s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. Trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba, [\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt] c\u0169ng quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng cao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tantra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 x\u00e9t xem tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n hay kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n l\u00e0: (1) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; (2) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; (3) [b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a] t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3; v\u00e0 (4) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n [t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t] l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng [t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng] n\u00e0o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n n\u00e0y th\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n, \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai so v\u1edbi l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang ta li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, khi t\u00f4i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham luy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 tham luy\u1ebfn m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham luy\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb; ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t khi nh\u1edd tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u0111i s\u1ef1 tham luy\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham luy\u1ebfn th\u1eadt vi t\u1ebf. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 tham luy\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan t\u1eeb ph\u00eda m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec v\u1ebb ngo\u00e0i xinh x\u1eafn c\u1ee7a x\u00e2u chu\u1ed7i, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v.v\u2026 n\u00ean qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tham luy\u1ebfn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u00f3 v\u00ec tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i qu\u00fd v\u1ecb. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng [\u00fd ngh\u0129a] v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3), m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3). Khi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a tham luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i khi lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Trung lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5, \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u2013 v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u2013 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Cho d\u00f9 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u1eabn s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tham luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v.v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t trong s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n b\u00e0y. C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n khi so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do [cho nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t n\u00e0y] l\u00e0, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 theo c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hay t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u2013 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u00e0o hay t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng quy \u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho quan \u0111i\u1ec3m duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, h\u1ecd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00e2y ra kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi hai m\u1eaft x\u00edch duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi\u201d, v\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t chu k\u1ef3 t\u00e1i sinh trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. Do \u0111\u00f3, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a quan \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi nghe gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ea3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00e0 tai h\u1ea1i, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n cao h\u01a1n, ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. D\u00f9 v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu [trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi] quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00fap qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn hay b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng quan h\u1ec7 s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t, theo \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p th\u00ec v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u00ec v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang ph\u00e2n r\u00e3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0o. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi th\u00eam nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a [gi\u00e1o l\u00fd] v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201cy tha kh\u1edfi\u201d, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n th\u1ee9 hai d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh [do c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean] th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u201cy tha kh\u1edfi\u201d trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. C\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p x\u1ea5u \u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch suy ng\u1eabm hai ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea3 ly ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, li\u1ec7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf hay kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n th\u1ee9 ba, d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng [b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a] t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 do nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 minh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ec7ch. V\u00f4 minh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, v\u00e0 do v\u00f4 minh nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p theo c\u00e1ch tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, n\u00ean v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u0111i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, hay t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, ngay trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh; v\u00e0 theo n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t hay t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi ch\u00fang ta xem x\u00e9t nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111a d\u1ea1ng trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0o [tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a] r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a), v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0o c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy di\u1ec5n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n (b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a). N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o kinh v\u0103n, ch\u00fang ta bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea9m x\u00e9t b\u1ea3n kinh m\u00e0 ta \u0111ang d\u00f9ng [b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch] so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kinh kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh xem m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong kinh] l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n suy di\u1ec5n th\u00eam hay \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t quy tr\u00ecnh tham c\u1ee9u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady l\u1eafm. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kinh l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a hay b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba th\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi kinh v\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 [trong kinh v\u0103n] c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n suy di\u1ec5n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kinh v\u0103n thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u1ea7n suy di\u1ec5n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n (b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh v\u0103n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh v\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady [r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng] kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb ng\u1eef, theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9, n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy di\u1ec5n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, [h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh] cha m\u1eb9 [ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0] ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tham \u00e1i, v\u1ed1n s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong nh\u1eefng tantra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 B\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i (Guhyasamaja), \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai hay \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy di\u1ec5n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft suy di\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n kinh gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 12 m\u1eaft x\u00edch c\u1ee7a duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, do n\u01a1i nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, do v\u00f4 minh trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c n\u00ean sinh ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a, v\u00ec khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cv\u00f4 minh sinh ra c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh\u201d th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n quy \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 [\u00fd ngh\u0129a] s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh, nh\u01b0 T\u00e2m kinh B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, r\u1eb1ng \u201cs\u1eafc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafc ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng\u201d. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh (li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a). Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n c\u1ee5 duy\u00ean (Madhyamika Prasangika) \u2013 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng \u2013 l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean l\u00fd lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 kinh Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng, v\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Trung \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (Sublime Continuum) v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng ca c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5. Trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 kinh Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00e2m M\u1eadt, m\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e1i Jonang) b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ctha kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn\u201d, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c nhau l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. H\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p [theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc] th\u1ebf gian t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau. Khi n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p [theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc] th\u1ebf gian t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p [theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc] th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u00fang, n\u00ean t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p [th\u1ebf gian] t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft qua l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 b\u1eadc cao qua \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, n\u00ean nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tri ki\u1ebfn th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng theo ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ea3!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian (theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc) kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o [c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y] l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. V\u00e0 khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dharmashri, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Yumo Mingyur Dorje, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc, r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u01b0 v\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng [tha kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn] n\u00e0y cho r\u1eb1ng, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p [th\u1ebf gian] theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu theo m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c kinh thu\u1ed9c Kinh h\u1ec7 B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p [th\u1ebf gian] theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 to\u00e0n tri, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhau.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao nh\u1ea5t mang t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n hay d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0 kh\u1edfi sinh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Do \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng [nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf] kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i quy \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi sinh ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. T\u00ednh h\u1ee3p l\u00fd c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec n\u00f3 ph\u00e1 tan nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ef1c \u0111oan c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft h\u01b0 v\u00f4.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Trong lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9, ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5 n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 lu\u1eadn th\u00edch v\u1ec1 sau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt H\u1ed9 (Buddhapalita), m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi [c\u00f3 v\u0103n phong] r\u1ea5t s\u00fac t\u00edch nh\u01b0ng s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng (Chandrakirti) trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 Minh c\u00fa lu\u1eadn (Prasannapad\u0101 \u2013 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Trung qu\u00e1n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5), Nh\u1eadp Trung lu\u1eadn th\u00edch (b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 Trung qu\u00e1n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5), c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 b\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn th\u00edch (ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m T\u1ee9 b\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u00e1nh Thi\u00ean). N\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. V\u00e0 khi \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c Tantra<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tantra cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c tantra kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo t\u00f4i th\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tantra c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 b\u1eadc cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c cao si\u00eau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tantra. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tantra, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ed9t tantra tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n (Kalachakra), ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, khi ng\u00e0i chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Linh Th\u1ee9u, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng [\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi] thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tantra [kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n] t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Dhanyakataka. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tantra, bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 tantra Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m [h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3] cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tantra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n sau khi ng\u00e0i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, trong khi nh\u00f3m h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u1ee9 hai cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tantra m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 hai d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady h\u01a1n, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh trong tantra Th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh Linh Th\u1ee9u, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tantra \u1edf Dhanyakataka. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt tantra thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tantra \u1edf tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng trong h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung th\u00ec khi ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tantra, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb H\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tantra \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec theo M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp theo nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng trong l\u1ea7n chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tha, mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p ba-la-m\u1eadt. Cho n\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec qu\u00fd v\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec M\u1eadt th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu b\u1ed5 sung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd tantra n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ct\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt\u201d hay \u201cy\u1ebfu t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt\u201d, hay n\u00f3i theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong [lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i] T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng [c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Di-l\u1eb7c]. \u00dd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u trong tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n [lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i] T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t [c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y], th\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ho\u1ea1t d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 nh\u01b0 [ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c] gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 tantra n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m linh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1. Khi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong tay m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, khi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, ch\u00fang ta v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c cao \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m \u00fd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb xao nh\u00e3ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 xao nh\u00e3ng \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y, th\u00ec h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00e2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xao nh\u00e3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o kh\u1edfi sinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c vi t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t, \u0111i v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 hay m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ch\u00fang. C\u00f3 3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00ed l\u1ef1c Du-gi\u00e0; ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m 4 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, cho d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u1edbn lao b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 [c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3] nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang ta kh\u1edfi sinh m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0nh, cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0nh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m V\u0103n-th\u00f9 Th\u00e1nh ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Tr\u00ed (Buddhajnana) c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, do c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y, n\u00ean ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m quang minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf x\u1ea3y ra trong l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ee7, ng\u00e1p, cho\u00e1ng ng\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c kho\u00e1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng trong t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n. Trong 4 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u00fac \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 [h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3] ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y tuy t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c kho\u00e1i t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m \u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00dd ngh\u0129a mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tan ch\u1ea3y, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00f4ng qua n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng [tu t\u1eadp] thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o sai l\u1ea7m tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t tinh. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, theo gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong tantra Th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t tinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ea5t nguy h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb. V\u00e0 v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean r\u01a1i v\u00e0o kinh nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t tinh, n\u00ean c\u00e1c tantra c\u00f3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng, v\u1ed1n [l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng] thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 khung gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt cho gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb cho vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t tinh trong gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp, nh\u01b0ng theo tantra th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn b\u1ecb xem nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea1m l\u1ed7i. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m tan h\u00f2a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, nh\u1edd v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m tan h\u00f2a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. H\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0, khi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tan h\u00f2a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v\u00f4 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 di\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb, ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng con m\u1ecdt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb g\u1ed7 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0103n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n \u2013 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi v\u1ecb ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu khi ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p tu M\u1eadt th\u1eeba. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp, c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tantra l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt: S\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n. Theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, mong c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c kinh v\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1edfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn tu si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t \u2013 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt \u2013 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p tu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 t\u00f9y h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 th\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n, c\u00f3 v\u1ea1ch ra nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n l\u00e0m t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ee5 trong vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp theo M\u1eadt th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i thao d\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng trong ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u2013 v\u1ed1n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng trong thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp \u2013 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tantra di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n (Vajrapanjara), v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 li\u00ean quan, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n [m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd] th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n [ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t] nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m [\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng] c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1eafc th\u00e2n [m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd] th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. Vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n tu t\u1eadp theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu. C\u00e1c tantra lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i [c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3] s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u theo 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch: (1) gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 thanh t\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, (2) s\u1eafc th\u00e2n thanh t\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, (3) ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, v\u00e0 (4) c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n tu t\u1eadp theo m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n theo nh\u01b0 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kinh v\u0103n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 6 ph\u00e1p ba-la-m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi v.v\u2026 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1; v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, theo kinh v\u0103n th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp \u2013 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u2013 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng [duy nh\u1ea5t] c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. D\u00f9 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang M\u1eadt th\u1eeba m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n hay ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1eefa s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp hay ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng chia t\u00e1ch. Trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp theo M\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tu du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng trong t\u1eebng ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c [nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft] v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng hay t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y. Trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng [duy nh\u1ea5t] c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. Cho n\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng [duy nh\u1ea5t] nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1eabn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, khi ch\u00fang ta n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o thi\u00eang li\u00eang, hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3 thi\u00eang li\u00eang trong l\u00fac h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c. Theo t\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m cho t\u00e1nh Ph\u1eadt s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u00f3a th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, do khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \u201cc\u00e1i t\u00f4i\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u2013 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u2013 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o s\u1eafc th\u00e2n thi\u00eang li\u00eang [c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh cho m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u2026 l\u00e0 do ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang kh\u1edfi sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111i. Do v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, trong khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c thanh t\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u1ed1n ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 b\u1edfi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3i c\u00e2y, v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh h\u00f3a th\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt (Vairocana), nh\u01b0ng nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n du-gi\u00e0 l\u00e0, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n du-gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng [c\u1ee7a b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0, theo nh\u01b0 kinh v\u0103n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi sinh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd, hay nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0ng trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ph\u1ea9n d\u01a1 l\u00e0m \u00f4 u\u1ebf ph\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i h\u1eefu \u00edch khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ru\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1ch v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khi theo kinh v\u0103n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t kh\u1edfi sinh s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng ta l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ch\u00fang ta th\u00ec s\u00e2n h\u1eadn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m x\u00fac r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c tantra, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 cho vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi sinh s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, v\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 khi v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 ch\u00ednh [c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3] c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tha, mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9 \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tantra, ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp theo M\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1n l\u1edbp Tantra<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong tantra di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110i\u1ec7n (Vajrapanjara) c\u00f3 n\u00eau r\u00f5, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c tantra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong Tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean xem c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tantra th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc thang d\u1eabn l\u00ean Tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m chung c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n l\u1edbp tantra, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c t\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau [\u1edf m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp]. Trong l\u1edbp tantra \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 T\u00e1c Tantra, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 li\u1ebfc nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu. Trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tantra ti\u1ebfp theo, nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1eafm tay hay \u00f4m nhau v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1n l\u1edbp tantra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean theo ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i l\u1edbp. Trong l\u1edbp tantra th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n hay h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n n\u1ed9i du-gi\u00e0, v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u1edbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e1c Tantra (Action Tantra).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1edbp tantra th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 2 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh [th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i du-gi\u00e0], \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 H\u00e0nh Tantra (Performance Tantra). L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 Du-gi\u00e0 Tantra (Yoga Tantra) ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i du-gi\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. L\u1edbp th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 Tantra (Highest Yoga Tantra) kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i du-gi\u00e0, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1edbp tantra n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Nyingma \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec [trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt] c\u00f3 9 th\u1eeba. Ba th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Thanh v\u0103n th\u1eeba, \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t th\u1eeba, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng [Kinh th\u1eeba, tu t\u1eadp theo] kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Ba th\u1eeba ti\u1ebfp theo bao g\u1ed3m T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, H\u00e0nh M\u1eadt th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt, v\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1eeba n\u00e0y ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, cho d\u00f9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ngo\u1ea1i vi v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. Ba th\u1eeba cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1eeba n\u1ed9i m\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea1i Du-gi\u00e0 (Mahayoga), V\u00f4 t\u1ef7 Du-gi\u00e0 (Annuyoga) v\u00e0 T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 (Atiyoga). Ba th\u1eeba n\u1ed9i m\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, v\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u00e2u l\u1eafng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 t\u1ed1t ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u, trong s\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4\u2026 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong ba th\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt, nghi th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh hay khai th\u1ecb h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, do s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tantra thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp n\u00e0y n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khai th\u1ecb kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u00edn m\u00f9i cho m\u1ed9t tantra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 nghi l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho nh\u1eefng l\u1edbp tantra c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f3 hai l\u1ec5 khai th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u. Trong H\u00e0nh M\u1eadt th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu 5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 4 lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, bao g\u1ed3m qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh b\u00ecnh, qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh b\u00ed m\u1eadt, qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh tri ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 ng\u1eef khai th\u1ecb.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00f9 v\u1eady, c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, theo ph\u00e1i C\u1ef1u truy\u1ec1n hay Nyingma th\u00ec l\u1ec5 khai th\u1ecb Kim cang \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cKhai th\u1ecb \u1ea2o h\u00f3a\u201d v\u00e0 khai th\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cqu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c\u201d v.v\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ec5 khai th\u1ecb \u201cKim cang To\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n\u201d. Trong d\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n, ri\u00eang l\u1ec5 khai th\u1ecb th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n th\u00e0nh 4 l\u1ec5, nh\u01b0 l\u1ec5 khai th\u1ecb ph\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3i v.v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ckhai th\u1ecb\u201d, trong Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef l\u00e0 abhishem, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau t\u00f9y theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh. Trong ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m ch\u00edn m\u00f9i hay m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 gi\u00fap khai m\u1edf (qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n), trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khai m\u1edf ph\u00e1p tu ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9), v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 khai m\u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i [Ph\u1eadt] qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a (qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u). Trong d\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u khai th\u1ecb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, khai th\u1ecb n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n (qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n). Khai th\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn [t\u00e2m] quang minh, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p khai th\u1ecb kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu \u0111i c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh ti\u1ebfp theo sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh, ch\u1ed3i c\u00e2y\u2026 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m ch\u00edn m\u00f9i (qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n), \u0111\u1ebfn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp (qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9) hay tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i [Ph\u1eadt] qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u (qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u) v.v\u2026 Ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1ed1n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1, trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u00f3 ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m ch\u00edn m\u00f9i (nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n) hay m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp (\u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9) \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i [Ph\u1eadt] qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng (th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3i chung [khi k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh c\u0103n b\u1ea3n] l\u00e0 c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh, ta c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la, l\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 suy l\u01b0\u1eddng hay tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la: nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c, m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la do t\u00f4 v\u1ebd, m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1t, v\u00e0 trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u00e2n m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Guru, v\u00e0 m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean, m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la c\u00e1t l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng, d\u00e2y l\u1ec5 v.v\u2026 Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u0169ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa l\u1ec5, bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a b\u00e0n tay v\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u m\u00faa l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u m\u00faa l\u1ec5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh khi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng n\u01a1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la. M\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u00faa l\u1ec5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sau khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t [x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng] m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la \u0111\u00f3. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u m\u00faa l\u1ec5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00faa Cham, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec7u m\u00faa l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i nghi ng\u1edd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. [Hi\u1ec7n nay,] ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta xem vi\u1ec7c m\u00faa l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tantra \u0111ang suy tho\u00e1i d\u1ea7n. T\u00f4i t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 suy \u0111\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a tantra v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c c\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd tai h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao nh\u1eefng tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u00ed m\u1eadt\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, ngay c\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n m\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Tantra Th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 tantra \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTrong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng kim cang \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng ra th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb sa-di l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n M\u1eadt th\u1eeba nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 (guru) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trao truy\u1ec1n cho m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gia tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kim Cang Tr\u00ec (Vajradhara), \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u01a1i d\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 trao truy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 (guru) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf trong tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n v\u0103n M\u1eadt th\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh [ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3] c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ban l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t xem v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 [ban qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh] \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn 12 n\u0103m cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 kim cang \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 ba c\u1eeda ng\u00f5 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a nh\u00e3, tinh th\u00f4ng tam h\u1ecdc: gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7. Ngo\u00e0i ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i vi c\u1ee7a 10 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd. T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m S\u1ef1 s\u01b0 ph\u00e1p ng\u0169 th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng (\u4e8b\u5e2b\u6cd5\u4e94\u5341\u980c) [c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i M\u00e3 Minh] m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn, nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, b\u1ecb sai khi\u1ebfn b\u1edfi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u00f9 h\u1eb1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tam h\u1ecdc: gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n cao ng\u1ea1o v\u1edbi ch\u00fat \u00edt ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 [ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng] tham gia b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o, do b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecb l\u1ea1t-ma n\u00e0o ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o x\u00e9t t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u1ecb l\u1ea1t-ma \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd chung c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp theo Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea5y khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 chung c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129 ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n uy tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u00f4ng ta mu\u1ed1n. T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng: \u201cD\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 s\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n th\u00ec v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn l\u1ec5 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1edbn lao l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n. Trong T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, tuy \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n M\u1eadt th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh kim cang \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n M\u1eadt th\u1eeba.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp theo 3 th\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0103n chay. Vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0103n th\u1ecbt khi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do, v\u00ec kh\u00ed h\u1eadu v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khan hi\u1ebfm c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i rau c\u1ea3i, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o rau c\u1ea3i th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c \u0103n th\u1ecbt l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp m\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eau \u0111\u00e3i th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c \u0103n chay l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n du m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebfn Lhasa v\u00e0 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean khi th\u1ea5y th\u1ecb d\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0103n rau c\u1ea3i. \u00d4ng ta n\u00f3i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Lhasa kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0103n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u00f3n g\u00ec m\u00e0u xanh.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0103n chay n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c \u0103n th\u1ecbt, ngay c\u1ea3 trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia, tr\u1eeb ra m\u1ed9t ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c t\u0103ng s\u0129 \u1edf T\u00edch Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan c\u0169ng \u0103n th\u1ecbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c kinh v\u0103n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, n\u00f3i chung th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0103n th\u1ecbt b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc. Trong Trung qu\u00e1n T\u00e2m lu\u1eadn t\u1ee5ng (Madhyamakah\u1e5bdayak\u0101rik\u0101), ng\u00e0i Thanh Bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0103n chay trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng khi con v\u1eadt b\u1ecb \u0103n th\u1ecbt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng xem l\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0103n th\u1ecbt con v\u1eadt khi ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 hay nghi ng\u1edd n\u00f3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u00ecnh.&nbsp;<br>Trong ba th\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c \u0103n th\u1ecbt. Nh\u01b0ng trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch [h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong vi\u1ec7c] \u0103n u\u1ed1ng n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecbt, n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed1 bi\u1ec7n minh cho vi\u1ec7c \u0103n th\u1ecbt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, th\u00ec khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecbt, n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 k\u00e9n l\u1eeba kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh, \u01b0a th\u00edch m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u00f3n trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea t\u1edfm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u00f4i n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1eef gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1eef quy\u1ec1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia, tuy r\u1eb1ng trong Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng ghi r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1edbi t\u0103ng ni \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 nhau trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, cung k\u00ednh. T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng trong kinh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tu ch\u1ee9ng cao nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tu ch\u1ee9ng cao nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng nam t\u1eed an tr\u00fa n\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c. Trong ba th\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u01b0ng trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00ec kh\u00e1c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, ngay c\u1ea3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef. Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c Ng\u0169 b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi v\u1ecb ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba. Vi\u1ec7c khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eef gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi nguy\u1ec7n g\u1ed1c, cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vi ph\u1ea1m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp [ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i] \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nam gi\u1edbi. Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la, v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1i n\u1eef, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 Kim cang Du-gi\u00e0 n\u1eef (Vajra Yogini) v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh n\u1eef (Nairatmya)\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch n\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong hai v\u1ecb c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, hay th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i [Ph\u1eadt] qu\u1ea3 cho c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do \u0111\u00f3, theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u1eef h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ngay trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong c\u00e1c tantra, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tantra B\u00ed M\u1eadt T\u1eadp h\u1ed9i (Guhyasamaja).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u1ea3 nam gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1eef gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 nhau ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng \u1ea5y, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u [Ph\u1eadt] qu\u1ea3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong quan \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp theo m\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c l\u1edbp tantra c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 hai c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p Du-gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p Du-gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n th\u00ec T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u00ecnh dung qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a 2 c\u00e1ch tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa: tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00e0 tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng trong t\u00e2m \u00fd.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m mang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t khi \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t\u201d. Lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m trong l\u1eeda\u201d v\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m trong \u00e2m thanh\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n hay kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba [\u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9] th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n [c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tu]. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00ecnh dung v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n [c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tu] v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed5n t\u00f4n du-gi\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong m\u1ed9t tantra c\u1ee7a T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh dung qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m, hay v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n du-gi\u00e0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong 6 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n m\u1eadt ch\u00fa, b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ef1, b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng, b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n v\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng chung trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 trong T\u1ee9 b\u00e1ch k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Th\u00e1nh Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i, nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o, b\u1edfi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng quy v\u1ec1 nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3. V\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n quy \u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau, do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n] thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n m\u1eadt ch\u00fa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ch\u00fa [m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng] kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 [c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ch\u00fa], m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng vang c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ch\u00fa b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3. Duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai, thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n m\u1eadt ch\u00fa hay b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u00e2m thanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ef1, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ch\u00fa t\u1ef1 vang l\u00ean v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng tr\u1eafng, n\u1eb1m b\u00ean trong t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ch\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng b\u00e0n tay th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean hoa b\u1ed9 th\u00ec [c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 \u1ea5n n\u00e0y] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf [v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a] tr\u00e1i tim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh dung qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u01a1i c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn v\u1edbi 3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ef1 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 OM, AH, HUM \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi m\u1eddi g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c th\u1ec3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o M\u1eadt th\u1eeba l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, cho d\u00f9 nghi th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef Sanskrit nh\u01b0 Om svabh\u0101va shuddha sarva-dharma hay kh\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u1edf ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u1edfi sinh tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n. Cho d\u00f9 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00ecnh dung, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi trong s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh th\u1ec3. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Du-gi\u00e0 hay Trung \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec theo Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n [c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tu] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u cho ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp. Sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5n l\u00e0m thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1eafc th\u00e2n\u201d, trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m hay m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu \u0111ang trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m song song v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp theo M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec sau khi \u0111\u00e3 [qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng] t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n [c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tu], nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn trong c\u00e1c tantra n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 [quay sang] tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eebng bu\u1ed5i tu t\u1eadp. C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nghi qu\u1ef9 lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 xem vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. Tu t\u1eadp theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 [\u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec], m\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n [theo ph\u00e1p tu] m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111ang h\u00ecnh dung qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn bao g\u1ed3m 2 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh dung h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00f5 n\u00e9t, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 r\u00f5 n\u00e9t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ee9 hai, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o thi\u00eang li\u00eang. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1eadt r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u1eadt m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00ec [c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y] t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Tr\u00ed (Buddha-jnana) c\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0, cho d\u00f9 v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng trong tu t\u1eadp du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. V\u1eady th\u00ec, l\u00e0m sao ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh? \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt Tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u1ea5y. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n trong khi v\u1eabn duy tr\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n [c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi] bao g\u1ed3m 2 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh: s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i quy \u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf) v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o (ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c tantra [thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0y] c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng: ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1eadt ch\u00fa, v\u00e0 v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn [v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n] th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. T\u1eeb c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh dung t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n ra v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh trong h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong ph\u00e1i \u015a\u0101kya, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tantra 3 l\u1edbp. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u201ctantra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n\u201d nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t trong tinh y\u1ebfu m\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Dodrup Jigme Tenpai Nyima thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c [r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh] l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 [c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi] an l\u1ea1c th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 hay di\u1ec5n b\u00e0y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1. Gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi sinh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u2013 c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 [c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi] an l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1, m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m quang minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Trung \u0110\u1ea1o, r\u1eb1ng t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c hay kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng [trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi] quy \u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u015a\u0101kya v\u00e0 Nyingma \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi trong c\u00f5i lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 [c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi] an l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 hay di\u1ec5n b\u00e0y c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 nhau.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 hay t\u00e2m quang minh vi t\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n, trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 b\u1edfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u1ed1n th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n [l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp. V\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi th\u00ec qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt ng\u1eef.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 hai c\u00e1ch tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ec9 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh nghe th\u1ea5y; v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 tr\u00ec ni\u1ec7m trong t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m thanh, nh\u01b0ng [trong t\u00e2m] h\u00ecnh dung \u00e2m thanh c\u1ee7a m\u1eadt ch\u00fa.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m trong l\u1eeda l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1c m\u1eadt ch\u00fa kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ef1\u2026 n\u01a1i tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y l\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m trong \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh dung v\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1eadt ch\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111ang tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111ang nghe gi\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m hay m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c an \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n trong c\u00e1c tantra c\u1ee7a T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, th\u00f4ng qua tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m trong l\u1eeda, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nhu nhuy\u1ebfn th\u00e2n t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m trong \u00e2m thanh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c an \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p [thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp] du-gi\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p [\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m] \u201cmang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t khi \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t\u201d, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i chung, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a Tam t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng, Kinh t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng, th\u00ec c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p M\u1eadt th\u1eeba h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o Kinh t\u1ea1ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong c\u00e1c tantra, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y tantra theo c\u00e1ch gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0, nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a tantra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 an \u0111\u1ecbnh trong thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp. N\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o chung \u1edf c\u1ea3 4 l\u1edbp tantra, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa tu t\u1eadp theo m\u1eadt th\u1eeba v\u1edbi tu t\u1eadp theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a tantra \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 an \u0111\u1ecbnh trong thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, n\u00f3i chung th\u00ec s\u1ef1 an \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng xao nh\u00e3ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn; do \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i [mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t] ch\u00fa t\u00e2m thay v\u00ec suy ng\u1eabm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n k\u00e8m theo c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nhu nhuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e2ng cao c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c c\u0169ng k\u00e8m theo c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 nhu nhuy\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00ec thi\u1ec1n an \u0111\u1ecbnh mang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, n\u00ean khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp n\u00f3i chung, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, khi \u1ea5y t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; trong khi \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau t\u1eeb m\u1eabn. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00ecnh dung m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c tantra c\u1ee7a 3 th\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt, khi nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m an \u0111\u1ecbnh trong bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung duy tr\u00ec nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0o. Hai ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan so s\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o gi\u00fap khai th\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u00f4ng qua ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 3 l\u1edbp tantra ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n lu\u00f4n x\u1ea3y ra tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m an \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p [thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp] du-gi\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0] \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m mang l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t khi \u00e2m thanh ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t\u201d. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng M\u1eadt th\u1eeba. Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f2n 2 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>H\u00e0nh M\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u00e1c m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la thu\u1ed9c H\u00e0nh M\u1eadt th\u1eeba kh\u00e1 hi\u1ebfm g\u1eb7p, nh\u01b0ng khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng th\u00ec v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt Nh\u01b0 Lai (Vairochana Abhisambodhi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 cho vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, trong khi ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3 T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh M\u1eadt th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eadp th\u1ea5t chuy\u00ean tu thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, theo sau l\u00e0 tham gia c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3. Trong T\u00e1c M\u1eadt th\u1eeba v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd\u2026 C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v\u2026 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tantra quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang T\u1ea1ng ng\u1eef thu\u1ed9c l\u1edbp tantra n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 Lai C\u0103n b\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Kim Cang gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tantra Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh chung c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp theo Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: (1) n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a, (2) con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 (3) th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 cho [4 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng l\u00e0] th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, c\u00f2n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a ch\u1ec9 cho [4 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0] th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i \u1ea5n, ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u1ea5n, nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5n v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5n hay t\u00e1c \u1ea5n. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi 4 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, ng\u1eef, \u00fd v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, c\u00f3 4 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a v\u00e0 4 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m, Ph\u1eadt ng\u1eef, Ph\u1eadt t\u00e2m v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do v\u00ec sao b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp tantra n\u00e0y \u2013 tantra C\u0103n b\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 4 ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u0169ng [quen thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu] gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. T\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c tantra C\u0103n b\u1ea3n y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Nh\u1eadt Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u1edbi kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp theo c\u00e1c th\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, cho d\u00f9 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb s\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n. S\u00e1u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m ba ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb cha v\u00e0 ba ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t n\u00e9t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u trong T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi tantra theo 3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9: tantra nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, tantra ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 tantra th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp. C\u1ea3 3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee7a tantra \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u015a\u0101kya, v\u1ed1n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t tantra nh\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, hay c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u015a\u0101kya gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i r\u1eb1ng, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch [c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t]. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00ec hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Nyingma ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 \u201cs\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a c\u0103n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c [Ph\u1eadt] qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u l\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong c\u0103n b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt th\u00e2n v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0a ra x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ed3i c\u00e2y [v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3] hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng sinh ra n\u00f3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duy tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Di-l\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong lu\u1eadn T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m v\u00e0 do ngo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean m\u00e0 sinh; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong n\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.\u201d N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh, b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh trong t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1. T\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 trong c\u00e1c tantra kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 tantra H\u1ef7 Kim cang (Hevajra), n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ecb che ch\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c.\u201d Tantra Th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n c\u0169ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cbi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n kim cang kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi\u201d.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cMinh \u0111\u0103ng chi\u1ebfu th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7 ng\u0169 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m\u201d, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 5 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u [\u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i trong tantra B\u00ed m\u1eadt t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n \u1ea3o h\u00f3a s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng theo c\u00f9ng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y h\u00e0m \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u [\u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3], khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c vi t\u1ebf, thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a th\u00e2n, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c vi t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh kh\u1edfi, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, l\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ec7n minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n c\u00f5i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y? T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, hay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, cho d\u00f9 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Duy th\u1ee9c trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o lu\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n h\u01a1i kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n c\u00f5i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 hay tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vi t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t \u0111i hay tan r\u00e3. Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 [vi t\u1ebf] nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e2m chung hay nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c. N\u00f3i chung, theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00ec th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111ang ch\u1ebft \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 r\u1ea5t vi t\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng trong tantra c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 [gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3] v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c [khi l\u00e2m chung] \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n, t\u00f4i t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m th\u00e1i x\u1ea5u \u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e2m th\u00e1i hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n. Theo m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec l\u00fd do c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e2m th\u00e1i hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, b\u1edfi ch\u00fang h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ea7m. M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u00e1i hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi sinh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadm ch\u00ed k\u00e9o d\u00e0i sau khi ch\u1ebft. C\u00e1c t\u00e2m th\u00e1i x\u1ea5u \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi sinh m\u1ed9t khi t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i \u1ea4n (Mahamudra) c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Kagyu v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n (Dzogchen) [c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Nyingma] \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p nhau \u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m: s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec [gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p] \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec9nh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a 9 th\u1eeba, v\u00ec l\u00fd do l\u00e0 khi tu t\u1eadp theo ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1c t\u00e1nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, trong khi v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1eeba tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c [\u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp]. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, v\u1ed1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 Tenpai Nyima \u0111\u01b0a ra. Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, trong khi T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tu t\u1eadp theo \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn, \u0111i d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi ti\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ti\u1ebfp theo sau, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u00e2m quang minh. Trong tu t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m quang minh b\u1ea3n s\u01a1 n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfn, m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m quang minh \u0111\u00f3, ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng gi\u00e1c t\u00e1nh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i M\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00ec m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c kinh trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 2 t\u1ea7ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t qua v\u0103n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c tantra, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f2n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef trong tantra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 4 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u, 4 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i. (1) Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t qua v\u0103n t\u1ef1; (2) th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 theo c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tantra ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt; (3) th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng, bao g\u1ed3m ba lo\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, hai l\u00e0 \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9, ba l\u00e0 \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd [t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i] theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc, hay t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf \u2013 \u1ea3o h\u00f3a th\u00e2n; v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, (4) th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 trong s\u00e1ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 6 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 (1) ngh\u0129a di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 (2) ngh\u0129a x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft, (3) ngh\u0129a t\u00e1c \u00fd v\u00e0 (4) ngh\u0129a phi t\u00e1c \u00fd, (5) ngh\u0129a v\u0103n t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 (6) ngh\u0129a phi v\u0103n t\u1ef1.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn tantra ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i tantra cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng khai tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua quan h\u1ec7 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 tr\u00f2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i M\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 tham chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh [t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng] theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. S\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tinh t\u1ebf trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tantra l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u0103n t\u00e1nh, th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng\u2026 c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c tantra lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n khai m\u1edf x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u1edf h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 [mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp theo tantra \u0111\u00f3]. C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp theo M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, lo\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i h\u01a1n h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00fd nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c tantra cho m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf) v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd trong b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh [tu t\u1eadp theo] T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00ec khi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp theo T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba h\u1eb3n \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i M\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u00f5 trong m\u1ed9t tantra l\u00e0 Kim cang B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Y\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tantra gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a tantra l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tantra \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi 2 t\u1eeb eh v\u00e0 wam. Hai m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 n\u00e0y h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tantra, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u0103n t\u1ef1, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tantra. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tantra, v\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u00e0 suy cho c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean \u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 \u00e2m, n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong 2 m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 eh v\u00e0 wam n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tantra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao g\u1ed3m trong 3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u (c\u0103n, \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3), n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a [hai m\u1eabu t\u1ef1] eh v\u00e0 wam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hai m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 eh v\u00e0 wam th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch khi t\u00f3m t\u1eaft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a tantra v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 trong b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i Minh \u0110\u0103ng Lu\u1eadn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. B\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i n\u00e0y n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1eebng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 2 ngu\u1ed3n s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 2 ngu\u1ed3n minh tri\u1ebft l\u00e0 Minh C\u00fa lu\u1eadn, lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 Trung qu\u00e1n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5, v\u00e0 Minh \u0110\u0103ng lu\u1eadn, b\u1ea3n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 tantra B\u00ed M\u1eadt T\u1eadp H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00e2n b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t.<br>Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai.<br>Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba.<br>T\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0.&nbsp;<br>H\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba. Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Nguy\u1ec7t X\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n chia to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00e0nh n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c cho c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh [\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean] cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu t\u1eadp giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh b\u00ecnh. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 khi \u0111i v\u00e0o tu t\u1eadp th\u00e2n \u1ea3o h\u00f3a s\u1ebd bao g\u1ed3m ba s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3 ly: th\u00e2n x\u1ea3 ly, ng\u1eef x\u1ea3 ly v\u00e0 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ly, v\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho [th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u] th\u00e2n \u1ea3o h\u00f3a, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u trong 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh th\u1ee9 hai cho ph\u00e9p h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu t\u1eadp th\u00e2n \u1ea3o h\u00f3a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh m\u1eadt. V\u1edbi ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh [th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0] tri ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m quang minh. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u201ch\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t\u201d c\u00f3 2 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf. Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a [s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa] t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1ebf th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 th\u00e2n \u1ea3o h\u00f3a. Khi hai v\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t hay k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n, ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hai ch\u00e2n l\u00fd (ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u2013 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi sinh trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c, cho n\u00ean c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0, v\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e2m th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u00e0 theo sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 [T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba] n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n nh\u01b0 theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn b\u00e1m theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1edfi Du-gi\u00e0 H\u00e0nh t\u00f4ng hay Trung qu\u00e1n Y t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi n\u1ed9i h\u1ecfa, hay khai th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c sinh \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed du-gi\u00e0, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m sinh kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u00e0 [khi \u1ea5y] h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00fat b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tan r\u00e3 c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u tinh t\u1ebf h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 quy g\u00e1n c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh, quy g\u00e1n l\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 v.v\u2026 \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd theo sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u01a1 b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edbm h\u01a1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 c\u0103n c\u01a1 b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi n\u1ed9i h\u1ecfa, hay du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, hay khai th\u00f4ng c\u00e1c sinh \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng kh\u00ed du-gi\u00e0 v.v\u2026 Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 sinh kh\u1edfi, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 hay c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t cho d\u00f9 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi hay n\u1eef gi\u1edbi. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 hay c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tan h\u00f2a, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea1m vi kinh m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m sinh kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. V\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c tinh th\u1ea7n tinh t\u1ebf. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, khi thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng [\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3], kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y khi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c l\u00e0 \u0111ang ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn: (1) h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh d\u1ecbch, (2) h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 trong kinh m\u1ea1ch, v\u00e0 (3) h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c kh\u1edfi sinh qua tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn. Trong tu t\u1eadp M\u1eadt th\u1eeba th\u00ec ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c th\u1ee9 hai v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ba m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y] trong s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, v\u1ed1n s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi 6 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean tr\u1ea3i qua 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ea5t \u0111i hay tan h\u00f2a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng vi t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh quang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n vi t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m, v\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh trung \u1ea5m nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec ch\u00fang sinh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u00fang ta tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o m\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Thay v\u00ec tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt \u2013 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, B\u00e1o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n \u2013 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, trung \u1ea5m v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0o thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ba tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Nyingma m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ba ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh thay v\u00ec s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh, hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba, bao g\u1ed3m thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1eafng h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng hay h\u00ecnh dung trong su\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. Tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u00fat b\u1ecf ho\u1eb7c h\u00f2a tan to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 b\u00ean trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 8 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda v\u00e0 gi\u00f3, ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00e0n tr\u1eafng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecf t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn, t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00e0n \u0111en c\u1eadn m\u00e3n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh quang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi sinh khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3i qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft, nh\u1eb1m hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tan r\u00e3 s\u1ebd [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft] r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t h\u01a1n \u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ebft d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, v\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y [ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t] c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 b\u1eadc cao s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3, duy tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1edfi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft. N\u00f3i chung, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh quang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u00e0 3 ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an tr\u00fa trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n hay h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. D\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi [sau khi ch\u1ebft] v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u1edf trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh quang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, cho d\u00f9 m\u1ecdi d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ecbnh quang tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng [ch\u1ebft \u0111i r\u1ed3i] v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m v\u00e0 sau khi tr\u1ea3i qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ecbnh quang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft th\u00ec nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n r\u1ea5t vi t\u1ebf, trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 sau khi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n vi t\u1ebf tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 l\u00e0m thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 B\u00e1o th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t B\u00e1o th\u00e2n, s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u1ee8ng h\u00f3a th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n. Trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p tu, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kim cang tr\u00ec nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kim cang tr\u00ec qu\u1ea3. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n th\u00f4ng qua m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cng\u0169 qu\u00e1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u\u201d v.v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n theo c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp l\u00e0 khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn [c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n] v\u00e0 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u [c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7] b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng [v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n] v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o thi\u00eang li\u00eang. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y khi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1ef1 trong s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n v\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o thi\u00eang li\u00eang d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng [th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u] \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh xem c\u00f3 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch [th\u00e1i qu\u00e1] hay kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p [l\u1eabn nhau].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m th\u00ec ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xao l\u00e3ng tinh th\u1ea7n. S\u1ef1 xao l\u00e3ng n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n kh\u00edch tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, hay tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i gh\u00ea g\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed ph\u00e1t sinh khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c [b\u1ecb thu h\u00fat v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean] xao l\u00e3ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a th\u00edch. \u0110\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch h\u00e3y th\u1eed bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, ho\u1eb7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v.v\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 an t\u0129nh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp qu\u00e1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 [nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0] b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v.v\u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd h\u1eefu \u00edch. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u0111i s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c th\u00e1i qu\u00e1.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 th\u00ec cho d\u00f9 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn [tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i] nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kinh nghi\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng r\u00f5 trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m. T\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e2ng cao m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3 xem li\u1ec7u t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng hay qu\u00e1 bu\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng v.v\u2026 Nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n trong tu t\u1eadp T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 trong h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, n\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng duy tr\u00ec s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng [c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh], v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o thi\u00eang li\u00eang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh m\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n trong \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 s\u1edd ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c v\u1eefng ch\u00e3i, [v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y s\u1ebd] gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n h\u00f3a th\u00e2n, hay h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o tim h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v.v\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00e0n tay tinh t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1edf ra n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a kinh m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt tinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e2m ti\u1ebft [m\u1eabu t\u1ef1] \u1edf ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp n\u00e0y th\u00ec b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp l\u00e0 tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa trong T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa theo s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n, tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa cho \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ed1 bi\u1ebfn (s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n) nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ch\u00fa hung n\u1ed9 v.v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIV<\/strong><br><strong>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4N<\/strong><br><strong>TRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG<\/strong><br>Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tu t\u1eadp ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian thi\u1ec1n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ra kh\u1ecfi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau khi x\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n). V\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p gi\u1eefa ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, n\u00ean nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 l\u00fac ng\u1ee7, ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 l\u00fac \u0103n, bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, hay ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 l\u00fac t\u1eafm r\u1eeda v.v\u2026 Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong l\u00fac ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y: \u201cNh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp [theo th\u1eddi kh\u00f3a] ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh cho c\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 sung cho nh\u1eefng tu t\u1eadp trong bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng, cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129, n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, cung c\u00e1ch \u1ee9ng x\u1eed c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec [c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp] th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c men \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng qua \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc hay k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe. N\u1ebfu d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd g\u00ec ta l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u00f9ng m\u00e3i. Cho d\u00f9 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i mang l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 b\u1ed5n t\u00f4n c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. S\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec theo \u0111u\u1ed5i c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd gi\u00fap thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tu n\u00e0y. Vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 n\u1ed9i h\u1ecfa, ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed du-gi\u00e0 \u2013 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p du-gi\u00e0 t\u1ee9 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c v.v\u2026 Ph\u00e1p kh\u00ed du-gi\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf (gi\u1eef h\u01a1i trong l\u1ed3ng ng\u1ef1c) hay m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef l\u00e0 kim cang tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 tu s\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi th\u00ec m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tu th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 [tu s\u0129] tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nam gi\u1edbi hay n\u1eef gi\u1edbi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kinh m\u1ea1ch t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt [tinh ch\u1ea5t] l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kinh m\u1ea1ch, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 chung cho 3 kinh m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh \u2013 kinh m\u1ea1ch trung t\u00e2m, kinh m\u1ea1ch ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kinh m\u1ea1ch tr\u00e1i \u2013 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 5 lu\u00e2n xa hay 5 trung t\u00e2m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Theo c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n v\u0103n m\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00ec ba kinh m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 chi nh\u00e1nh [nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n] \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 72.000 kinh m\u1ea1ch trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n kinh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 80.000 kinh m\u1ea1ch trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n. C\u00f3 10 lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, 5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 5 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ee5. C\u00e1c gi\u1ecdt [tinh ch\u1ea5t] l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecf. Tantra Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn 4 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1ecdt [tinh ch\u1ea5t]: gi\u1ecdt [tinh ch\u1ea5t] gi\u1eefa 2 ch\u00e2n m\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c; gi\u1ecdt [tinh ch\u1ea5t] n\u01a1i c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng, hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1eb1m m\u01a1; gi\u1ecdt [tinh ch\u1ea5t] n\u01a1i tim, hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 v\u00e0o l\u00fac ng\u1ee7 say; v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdt [tinh ch\u1ea5t] n\u01a1i r\u1ed1n, hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fac ch\u1ebft.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong [tantra] Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kinh m\u1ea1ch, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt [tinh ch\u1ea5t] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a. Tantra Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 3 lo\u1ea1i th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n (kalachakra) l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i vi th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n, n\u1ed9i th\u1ec3 th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n th\u1eddi lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh, khi thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng sinh \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 khai th\u00f4ng ch\u00fang, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf hay h\u00f2a tan d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c kh\u00ed l\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 vi t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh quang \u2013 t\u1ecbnh quang c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft \u2013 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf ra l\u1ed1i \u0111i v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u kho t\u00e0ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 trong tay chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n th\u00f4ng qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp B\u00ed M\u1eadt T\u1eadp H\u1ed9i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00e2n \u1ea3o h\u00f3a nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong tantra B\u00ed M\u1eadt T\u1eadp H\u1ed9i, ho\u1eb7c qua con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n, l\u00e0 tantra n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng Kh\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng qua th\u00e2n c\u1ea7u v\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong tantra Mayajala v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ng\u1ee7 m\u00ea v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 [trong c\u00e1c tantra]. C\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u1eedu nh\u1eadp ph\u00e1p\u201d, [bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3] th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp [ba th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt] trong 3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i: trong l\u00fac t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, trong l\u00fac ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 trong l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tantra T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u01b0u t\u00fa nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c trung b\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c k\u00e9m c\u1ecfi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i trung \u1ea5m hay trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n di t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p chuy\u1ec3n di t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hay thi h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c Du-gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Naropa, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i Naropa r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u tantra kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Kagyu. D\u00f2ng Gelug c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p L\u1ee5c Du-gi\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Naropa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Marpa. Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng \u015a\u0101kya thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong ph\u00e1p tu Gi\u1ecdt [tinh ch\u1ea5t] \u1edf Tim c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng Nyingma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Du-gi\u00e0 M\u1eadt th\u1eeba theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. Nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i C\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch, ph\u00e1i Nyingma, th\u00ec n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1eeba, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp bao g\u1ed3m T\u00e2m t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9 t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Trong 3 t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean th\u00ec Di\u1ec7u kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp 2 t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (T\u00e2m t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9 t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p) l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u201cxuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t\u201d [Di\u1ec7u kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p].<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong T\u00e2m t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9 t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i trong c\u00e1c th\u1eeba ngo\u1ea1i m\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng qua t\u1eeb ng\u1eef. Vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp Di\u1ec7u kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 2 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch: th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u B\u00e1o th\u00e2n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u hai th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u201cxuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t\u201d hay \u201c\u0111\u1ed1n nh\u1eadp\u201d [theo Di\u1ec7u kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p].&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1p trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n C\u0103n b\u1ea3n, \u0110\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n qua ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 s\u00e2u xa v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc qua t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba b\u1ea3o t\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long-chen-pa vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n, cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea3n v\u0103n g\u1ed1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 Kho b\u00e1u Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0a ra ph\u00e1c th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n theo nh\u01b0 2 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long-chen-pa th\u00ec qu\u00fd v\u1ecb m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n. Vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Kho b\u00e1u \u0110\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Kunkhyen Jigme Lingpa vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng. \u1ede quy\u1ec3n 2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi chi ph\u1ea7n trong \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i cho r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c kinh v\u0103n h\u1ec7 B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, kinh ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t \u00e2m ti\u1ebft \u0905 (ah). B\u1ea3n kinh ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c kinh trong h\u1ec7 B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n kinh n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t ra \u00e2m \u0905 (ah) l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n kinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi ch\u00fang ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Trung \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ta nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 tinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu. V\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: \u201cV\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1eabn nhau v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp hay m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n C\u1ee5 duy\u00ean ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n r\u1eb1ng: \u201c V\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan l\u1eabn nhau hay kh\u1edfi sinh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i theo t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3\u201d, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00fd ngh\u0129a hay n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, n\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ng\u1eafn v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n, bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u1ea1t-ma c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u201cgi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u201d, h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u cho th\u1ea5y qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. V\u00e0 h\u1eb3n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 m\u1ec9a mai n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p cao si\u00eau nh\u1ea5t trong ch\u00edn th\u1eeba l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t!&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i xin k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft d\u1ea1y trong c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u00e0 M\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">London, 1988<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Geshe Thupten Jinpa d\u1ecbch sang Anh ng\u1eef, Jeremy Russell hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m \u01a1n Tibet Foundation \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p b\u0103ng gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y do \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma XIV Tenzin Gyatso bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, k\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n nguy\u1ec7n T\u00e2m \u0110\u1ea1i Bi c\u1ee7a Tam B\u1ea3o: Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ecdng Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ba \u0111\u1eddi,&nbsp;<br>Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai,<br>Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed,<br>V\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh phi th\u01b0\u1eddng,<br>M\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng,<br>Th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh nh\u01b0 con m\u1ed9t.<br>Xin ch\u1ee9ng tri s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh,&nbsp;<br>Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con.<br>Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p xua tan kh\u1ed5 \u0111au&nbsp;<br>c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c,<br>V\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m an b\u00ecnh [cho mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i].<br>C\u1ea7u cho Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh,<br>Mang h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u1ed3n vinh,<br>\u0110\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp th\u1ea3y th\u1ebf gian r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y.&nbsp;<br>Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ecdng ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb th\u1ee7 h\u1ed9 Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p:<br>C\u00e1c v\u1ecb h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9,<br>Nguy\u1ec7n cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp&nbsp;<br>M\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i,<br>S\u1ebd lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i n\u01a1i.<br>Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sinh nh\u1ecf nhoi,<br>B\u1ecb ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;<br>b\u1edfi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p kinh khi\u1ebfp,<br>Ng\u1eadp ch\u00ecm trong phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o,<br>B\u1ecb tra t\u1ea5n b\u1edfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kh\u00f4ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o ng\u01b0ng.&nbsp;<br>Nguy\u1ec7n cho bao n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd,<br>V\u00ec nh\u1eefng tai \u01b0\u01a1ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i s\u1ee9c ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng,<br>Nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfn tranh, n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh\u2026<br>\u0110\u1ec1u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu.<br>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u00e0nh<br>Tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br>Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb d\u00e3 man s\u1ed1ng trong t\u0103m t\u1ed1i,<br>\u0110ang d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c nhau,<br>Gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ebfc&nbsp;<br>nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh t\u00edn,<br>\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u01a1i X\u1ee9 Tuy\u1ebft.<br>Xin m\u1edf l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb, kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i bi d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh,<br>Nhanh ch\u00f3ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n,&nbsp;<br>Nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u0111ang tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y,<br>B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng man d\u1ea1i&nbsp;<br>c\u1ee7a \u00e1c t\u00e2m m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i.<br>Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y,<br>\u0110ang th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i,<br>Cho ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<br>Nguy\u1ec7n cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m,<br>S\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con m\u1eaft tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7,<br>\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c,<br>V\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau&nbsp;<br>v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u00e2n h\u1eefu.<br>Mong sao \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y,<br>\u0110\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i ch\u1edd qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u,<br>L\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do cho to\u00e0n T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng,<br>S\u1ebd t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<br>Nguy\u1ec7n s\u1edbm ban cho v\u1eadn h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn lao,<br>\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ch\u00e0o m\u1eebng,<br>M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cai tr\u1ecb v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c,<br>V\u00ec l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u1ecdc,<br>V\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<br>Bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;<br>ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng v\u00f4 v\u00e0n gian kh\u1ed5,<br>Ph\u1ea3i hy sinh h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec y\u00eau qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t:<br>S\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<br>Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ecdng \u0110\u1ee9c H\u1ed9 th\u1ebf Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m,<br>Bi m\u1eabn c\u1ee9u v\u1edbt nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<br>V\u1eady n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb B\u1ea3o H\u1ed9 V\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1i&nbsp;<br>V\u1edbi t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00f4 b\u1edd b\u1ebfn,<br>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t,<br>Che ch\u1edf cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n X\u1ee9 Tuy\u1ebft.<br>Nguy\u1ec7n cho \u00e1nh b\u00ecnh minh&nbsp;<br>C\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p,<br>Ngay l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd t\u1ecfa chi\u1ebfu,<br>Qua nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<br>B\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c&nbsp;<br>c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u,<br>V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3,<br>C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i bi n\u01a1i Tam b\u1ea3o&nbsp;<br>V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u1ea9n nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt,<br>C\u00f9ng do n\u01a1i lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sai l\u1ec7ch,<br>Xin cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y,&nbsp;<br>S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i,<br>V\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cL\u1eddi c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t-lai L\u1ea1t-ma Tenzin Gyatso XIV, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 29 th\u00e1ng 9 n\u0103m 1960\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y do Ramjampa Dupchok Gyaltsen v\u00e0 Peter Gold th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1992, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn bi\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Lotsawa Tenzin Dorje v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Yen. Geshe Lobsang Gyatso, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Bi\u1ec7n Ch\u1ee9ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o (Institute of Buddhist Dialectics) \u1edf Dharamsala, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To\u00e0n b\u1ea3n Anh ng\u1eef tr\u00edch t\u1eeb CH\u00d6 YANG, The Voice of Tibetan Religion &amp; Culture No.5<br>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh: Pedron Yeshi v\u00e0 Jeremy Russell<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef do Nguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 so\u1ea1n c\u00e1c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 cho ph\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a The Foundation for Universal Responsibility do Ng\u00e0i Rajiv Mehrotra \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ee7 S\u00e1ch M\u1edf R\u1ed9ng T\u00e2m H\u1ed3n)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1ed4NG QUAN V\u1ec0 C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P M\u00d4NTRONG PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u00c2Y T\u1ea0NG t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3:&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1t Lai L\u1ea1t Ma XIVNguy\u1ec5n Minh Ti\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16550,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[180,106],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-16549","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sach-hay-kim-cuong-thua","category-tai-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16549","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16549"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16549\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16554,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16549\/revisions\/16554"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16550"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16549"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16549"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16549"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=16549"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}