{"id":1662,"date":"2020-09-08T14:49:52","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T14:49:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1662"},"modified":"2020-09-08T14:51:00","modified_gmt":"2020-09-08T14:51:00","slug":"ngu-uan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/08\/ngu-uan\/","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\nhttps:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gmtZUVvsfxs\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n I – B\u00e0i 2<\/strong>
N\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/strong>
(Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n)<\/em>
Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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A- D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7. V\u00f4 minh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u00abN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1u do ngu si m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda b\u00f9ng ch\u00e1y t\u1eeb b\u1ee5i lau, b\u1ee5i c\u1ecf l\u00e0m ch\u00e1y lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, l\u1ea7u g\u00e1c v\u00e0 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ngu si b\u00f9ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3v\u00e0 tai n\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t\u00ab (Kinh \u0110a Gi\u1edbi, Trung B\u1ed9 kinh III). \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e3y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch suy t\u01b0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, qua \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda ngu si, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Suy t\u01b0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Suy t\u01b0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7tkh\u1ed5 \u0111au? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1eb1ng h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i h\u01a1n 25 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi qu\u00e1 bao la, thi\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng, mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u mu\u00f4n v\u1ebb l\u00e0m sao r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, v\u1eady ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0 duy theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o?… \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00f3a, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9, nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 5 u\u1ea9n, 12 x\u1ee9, 18 gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Gi\u1edbi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bao g\u1ed3mcon ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u00a0s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 5 u\u1ea9n. \u0110\u1ec1 t\u00e0i\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng, thu\u1ed9c\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u00a0Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.\u00a0L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch\u00a0duy nh\u1ea5t\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u00a0nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u0110i\u1ec3m\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u00a0c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nhph\u1ea7n\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0h\u01a1n\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B- N\u1ed9i dung. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/strong>N\u0103m u\u1ea9n,\u00a0Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef\u00a0l\u00e0 P\u00e3nca-skandha (Sanskrit), P\u00e3nca khandha (P\u00e0li). P\u00e3nca l\u00e0 n\u0103m; Khandha l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m, l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00edch t\u1ee5, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang\u00a0d\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n; Ng\u00e0i\u00a0La Th\u1eadpd\u1ecbch l\u00e0\u00a0Ng\u0169 \u1ea5m, \u1ea5m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u0103n che,\u00a0ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i\u00a0(che m\u1ea5t\u00a0ch\u00e2n t\u00e1nh) –\u00a0N\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng\u00a0ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn\u00a0h\u01a1n.N\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u0103m\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0hay n\u0103m nh\u00f3m\u00a0k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p\u00a0l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi;\u00a0hay n\u00f3i\u00a0c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1,\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:\u00a0S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n\u00a0(R\u00f9pa) l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0sinh l\u00fd-\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd;\u00a0Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n\u00a0(Vedan\u00e0) l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c;\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n\u00a0(S\u00e3nn\u00e3) l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan\u00a0hay\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd;\u00a0H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n\u00a0(Sankh\u00e0ra) l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0ngo\u00e0i Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 T\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0t\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u00a0\u0111i t\u1edbi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0\u00a0k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p\u00a0nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n,\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh… thu\u1ed9c\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed\u00a0c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u01b0;\u00a0Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n\u00a0(Vin\u00e3na) l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng,\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u00f3\u00a0s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, theo\u00a0Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc\u00a0th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0(Citta); Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng, H\u00e0nh l\u00e0\u00a0T\u00e2m s\u1edf\u00a0(Cetasika).Trong\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng\u00a0Nik\u00e0ya v\u00e0\u00a0A H\u00e0m\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng\u00a0t\u1eeb N\u0103m\u00a0th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n\u00a0(P\u00e3nca up\u00e0dana khandha), ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m\u00a0tham \u00e1i\u00a0th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103m\u00a0th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. N\u1ed9i dung\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n:1)-\u00a0S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n\u00a0(R\u00f9pa-khandha):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0L\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd\u00a0–\u00a0sinh l\u00fd, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u00a0l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecba (ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn), Th\u1ee7y (ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng), H\u1ecfa (nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9), Phong (ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed). C\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0do\u00a0b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0t\u1ea1o ra thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1\u00a0sinh l\u00fd\u00a0nh\u01b0: m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n; c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan\u00a0nh\u01b0:\u00a0h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc,\u00a0\u00e2m thanh,\u00a0m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, v\u1eadt x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m.\u00a0T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u1ea1y: \u00ab N\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef3 kheo, ph\u00e0m s\u1eafc g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9,\u00a0v\u1ecb lai\u00a0hay\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, li\u1ec7t hay th\u1eafng, xa hay g\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n\u00ab (Kinh\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Kinh M\u00e3n Nguy\u1ec7t,\u00a0Trung B\u1ed9 kinh\u00a0III). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0hay ngo\u00e0i\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, thu\u1ed9c\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u00a0hay\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thu\u1ed9c\u00a0th\u1eddi gian\u00a0hay\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u bao h\u00e0m trong\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n.Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n,\u00a0v\u00ec v\u1eady\u00a0ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp\u00a0m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3\u00a0v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn.\u00a0Th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0mu\u1ed1n\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng\u00a0ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa,\u00a0th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed…\u00a0Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd\u00a0d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean\u00a0c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u00fd\u00a0duy\u00ean sinh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly gi\u1eefa\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u00a0thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u00a0g\u1ed3m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh… \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n.B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn theo l\u00fd\u00a0duy\u00ean sinh, v\u1eady\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng. S\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7,\u00a0tham \u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0(s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n), ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd,\u00a0sinh l\u00fd\u00a0n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u\u00a0ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n\u00a0nguy c\u01a1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0 trong kinh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y, ai cho r\u1eb1ng\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta th\u00ec\u00a0ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\u00a0g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5,\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng,\u00a0s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n,\u00a0v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tai n\u1ea1n.Nh\u1edd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0qua ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc l\u00e0m r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fdtham \u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y\u00a0tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2)-\u00a0Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n\u00a0(Vedan\u00e0-khandha):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Th\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, do s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 sinh ra th\u1ecd.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ecd: m\u1eaft\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc\u00a0m\u00e0 sinh th\u1ecd, tai v\u1edbi\u00a0\u00e2m thanh, m\u0169i v\u1edbi m\u00f9i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb, th\u00e2n v\u1edbi v\u1eadt c\u1ee9ng-m\u1ec1m, \u00fd v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m \u00fd.\u00a0C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0theo\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n\u00a0m\u00e0 l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n s\u00e2u h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c;\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0kh\u1ed5, hai l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, ba l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0kh\u00f4ng vui\u00a0kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5.C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi ta\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u00edch \u00fd, n\u00f3 k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu,\u00a0b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, tr\u00e1nh xa… V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con v\u1eadt\u00a0d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n\u00a0x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, ta n\u1ea3y sinh\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0gh\u00ea t\u1edfm kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u00ecn.\u00a0C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0vui s\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu,\u00a0tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi khi ta\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0th\u00edch \u00fd, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o cho ta ni\u1ec1m vui,\u00a0sung s\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0x\u00edch l\u1ea1i\u00a0g\u1ea7n…\u00a0C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0trung t\u00ednh\u00a0kh\u00f4ng\u00a0kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0vui, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o cho ta\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu hay\u00a0d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c h\u00fat hay l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00e0o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean kh\u1ed5 hay l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u1ea1y: \u00abN\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y\u00a0T\u1ef3 kheo, ph\u00e0m\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd\u00a0g\u00ec\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9,\u00a0v\u1ecb lai\u00a0hay\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, li\u1ec7t hay th\u1eafng, xa hay g\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n\u00ab (s\u0111d). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1eddi gian,\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian,\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u00ean trong t\u00e2m nh\u01b0\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, hay\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i qua c\u00e1c\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan,\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh hay y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong\u00a0th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3(s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n) nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0103n u\u1ed1ng\u00a0kho\u00e1i kh\u1ea9u hay\u00a0b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u00edch\u00a0\u0111au \u0111\u1edbn; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u1eeb t\u00e2m\u00a0l\u00fd (t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh) nh\u01b0\u00a0thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0hay t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u1eeb t\u00e2ml\u00fd v\u00e0\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c\u00a0m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c ng\u1eafm m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ee9c tranh, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111au kh\u1ed5do\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh\u00a0b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh… T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd\u00a0\u1ea5y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecdt\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0chi ph\u1ed1i\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c,\u00a0ch\u00fang sinh\u00a0kh\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 ch\u1eebng; ch\u00fang\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn\u00a0v\u00f4 t\u1eadn,\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n.\u00a0Ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecdbao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng\u00a0sai l\u1ea7m\u00a0v\u00e0 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3)-\u00a0T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n\u00a0(S\u00e3nn\u00e3-khandha):\u00a0<\/em><\/strong>L\u00e0 nh\u00f3m\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan. S\u1ef1\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3a\u00a0hoa h\u1ed3ng, tai nghe\u00a0\u00e2m thanh\u00a0nh\u1eadn ra\u00a0b\u1ea3n nh\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfn…; hai l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean trong, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m,\u00a0h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0k\u00fd \u1ee9c… Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay\u00a0s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n.\u00a0Tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c.\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u1ea1y: \u00abN\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef3 kheo, ph\u00e0m\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9,\u00a0v\u1ecb lai\u00a0hay\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, li\u1ec7t hay th\u1eafng, xa hay g\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n\u00ab (s\u0111d). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, b\u00ean trong, thu\u1ed9c\u00a0th\u1eddi gian,\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian,\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u00a0hay\u00a0ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ed3m trong\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n.\u00a0Tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3;\u00a0v\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m\u00a0m\u1ecdi\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd,\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean,\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd,\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u h\u00f3a, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m h\u00f3a, n\u00ean gi\u1eefa\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i\u00a0lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch.S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m.\u00a0Tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c\u00a0v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 qua nh\u01b0 khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3a\u00a0hoa h\u1ed3ng\u00a0bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3a\u00a0hoa h\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1i\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3a\u00a0hoa h\u1ed3ng\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n (ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed) n\u00ean c\u00e1i\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0cho bi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3a\u00a0hoa h\u1ed3ng.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba\u00a0b\u1edfi\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m, do v\u00ec\u00a0th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u00ec lu\u00f4n\u00a0sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng.Tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n,\u00a0v\u00ec v\u1eady\u00a0ch\u00fang\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng; v\u00e0 do\u00a0duy\u00ean sinh\u00a0n\u00ean\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng\u00a0m\u00e0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4)-\u00a0H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n\u00a0(Sankh\u00e0ra-khandha):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi cho m\u1ecdi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0sinh di\u1ec7t\u00a0nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 \u00abCh\u01b0 h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00ab.\u00a0H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fdmang\u00a0t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t\u00a0t\u1ea1o\u00a0t\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c\u00a0\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o\u00a0c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u00a0t\u00e1i sinh.\u00a0H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf.\u00a0Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc\u00a0chia th\u00e0nh 51\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u00a0g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng x\u1ebfp\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m h\u00e0nh v\u00ec ch\u00fang (th\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n\u00a0c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i do s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u01b0.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u1ea1y: \u00abN\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef3 kheo, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh? C\u00f3 s\u00e1u t\u01b0 th\u00e2n n\u00e0y: s\u1eafc t\u01b0, thinh t\u01b0, h\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u01b0, v\u1ecb t\u01b0, x\u00fac t\u01b0 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh\u00ab (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 kinh\u00a0III). T\u01b0 l\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed,\u00a0\u00fd mu\u1ed1n;\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u00a0n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u00a0d\u1eabn d\u1eaft t\u00e2m \u00fd theo\u00a0xu h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0thi\u1ec7n,\u00a0b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p hay h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0: d\u1ee5c, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh,\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin,\u00a0tinh t\u1ea5n,\u00a0tham lam,\u00a0s\u00e2n h\u1eadn,\u00a0ngu si,\u00a0ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n,\u00a0t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn…\u00a0H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m\u00a0m\u1ecdi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u1ea1y: \u00abN\u00e0y c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef3 kheo, ph\u00e0m h\u00e0nh g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9,\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u00a0hay\u00a0v\u1ecb lai, n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i, th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, li\u1ec7t hay th\u1eafng, xa hay g\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n\u00ab (s\u0111d). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd,\u00a0sinh l\u00fd\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u00a0l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh trong\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c\u00a0ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n\u00a0th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y\u1edf trong chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u\u00a0t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c\u00a0m\u00e0 trong kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00abphi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00f9y mi\u00ean\u00ab, hay trong lu\u1eadn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00abc\u00e2u sanh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u00ab. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c\u00a0h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111i t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0nh\u1edd c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u00a0do\u00a0duy\u00ean sinh\u00a0n\u00ean ch\u00fang\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5)-\u00a0Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n\u00a0(Vinn\u00e3na-khandha):<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Khi\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ef1c\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u00a0s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng\u00a0nh\u1eadn ra\u00a0\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, m\u00e0u g\u00ec… \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0(t\u01b0\u1edfng); th\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9\u00a0nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u00a0\u0111i ngang qua n\u00f3. Th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i:\u00a0nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c,\u00a0nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c,\u00a0t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c,\u00a0thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c,\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng; th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0\u00a0T\u00e2m s\u1edf.Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn s\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4,\u00a0v\u00ec v\u1eady\u00a0th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd, th\u1ee9c dung ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi.\u00a0Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc\u00a0tri\u1ec3n khai\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u00a0t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c, ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam hai th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa l\u00e0\u00a0M\u1ea1t na th\u1ee9c(Manas) v\u00e0\u00a0A l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c\u00a0(Alaya),\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u00a0l\u00e0 khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh s\u00e2u k\u00edn c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c.\u00a0M\u1ea1t na th\u1ee9c\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0\u00fd c\u0103n, l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u00fd th\u1ee9c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi\u00a0n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3.\u00a0A l\u1ea1i da th\u1ee9c\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0duy tr\u00ec\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, nh\u1eefng\u00a0kinh nghi\u1ec7m; ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00edch l\u0169y,\u00a0l\u01b0u tr\u1eef\u00a0\u1edf trong th\u1ee9c (A l\u1ea1i da). M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c,\u00a0A l\u1ea1i da\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0c\u0103n b\u1ea3n\u00a0cho c\u00e1c\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u00a0sau khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7nho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c (A l\u1ea1i da) m\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfitr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u00a0khi h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1.M\u1eb7c d\u00f9\u00a0th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3\u00a0kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp,\u00a0ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n\u00a0h\u1eefu do\u00a0duy\u00ean sinh,\u00a0c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3\u00a0l\u00e0 do s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh; m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u1ea1y: \u00abTh\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0nh\u1edd s\u1eafc l\u00e0m\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1eafc l\u00e0m\u00a0n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a… Th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd s\u1eafc. Th\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0nh\u1edd th\u1ecd… nh\u1edd t\u01b0\u1edfng… nh\u1edd h\u00e0nh… (nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean). N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ra s\u1ef1 \u0111i, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn, s\u1ef1 sinh, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp v\u1edbi s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c\u00ab (Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng\u00a0III). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n u\u1ea9n kia,\u00a0v\u00ec v\u1eady\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadtkh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p\u00a0nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp,\u00a0t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7\u00a0nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t\u00a0linh h\u1ed3n\u00a0b\u1ea5t t\u1eed\u00a0ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n. Th\u1ee9c\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n,\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u00a0v\u00e0 do\u00a0duy\u00ean sinh.T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u0103m nh\u00f3m th\u00ec\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m – nh\u00f3m\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd,\u00a0sinh l\u00fd;\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0th\u00ec chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n nh\u00f3m:\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c,\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c\u00a0hay\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi\u00a0m\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u00f3m kia m\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 trong nh\u00f3m kia v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c, trong s\u1eafc c\u00f3 th\u1ecd, trong th\u1ecd c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, ch\u00fang n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t,\u00a0suy r\u1ed9ng\u00a0ra \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf n\u00f3\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m\u00a0lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c, t\u00e2m t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.\u00a0N\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ec3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u1ea5y m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn qua t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp,\u00a0b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3,\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3. Trong kinh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00ed d\u1ee5\u00a0nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f5i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eb9 chu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n: th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 khai m\u1edf\u00a0tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c,\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III.\u00a0Tu t\u1eadp\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n:<\/strong>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u00a0c\u1ee7a ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng\u00a0tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1ec1\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0l\u00e0 do\u00a0v\u00f4 minh, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Do\u00a0v\u00f4 minh\u00a0n\u00ean\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3\u00a0b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn; do\u00a0ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3m\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0tham \u00e1i,\u00a0s\u00e2n h\u1eadn,\u00a0si m\u00ea; do tham, s\u00e2n, si m\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i,\u00a0th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng,\u00a0v\u1ea5p ng\u00e3\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tai n\u1ea1n.Tu t\u1eadp\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0th\u00ec \u00abminh\u00ab s\u1ebd sinh,\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u00a0s\u1ebd sinh,\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tham \u00e1i\u00a0s\u1ebd di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u00a0ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a\u00a0tu t\u1eadp\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1\u00a0trong\u00a0B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m kinh\u00a0n\u00f3i: \u00abQu\u00e1n\u00a0T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i\u00a0h\u00e0nh\u00a0th\u00e2m B\u00e1t nh\u00e3\u00a0Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a\u00a0th\u1eddi\u00a0chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn\u00a0ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n\u00a0giai kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9\u00a0nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch\u00ab, t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch:\u00a0B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t\u00a0Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i\u00a0(t\u1ee9c\u00a0Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m)\u00a0th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u00a0th\u00e2m s\u00e2u\u00a0th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u00e1nh\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch.Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0s\u00e2u s\u1eafc\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1)-\u00a0Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n:<\/em><\/strong>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn\u00a0s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf,\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, v\u1ec1\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0s\u00e2u k\u00edn c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd, r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng,\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3; n\u1ebfu\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7tham \u00e1i\u00a0ch\u00fang s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n\u00a0nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef3 kheo:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u00abTh\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?
– B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.
– V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 hay vui?
– B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, kh\u1ed5.
– C\u00e1i m\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng khi cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i?
– B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n… kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd\u00ab (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng III).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi s\u1ee9c\u00a0qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean\u00a0nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean\u00a0n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c\u00a0l\u00e0m r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m\u00a0tham \u00e1iv\u00e0\u00a0ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2)-\u00a0Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0do\u00a0duy\u00ean sinh:<\/em><\/strong>Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0do\u00a0b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0s\u1edf t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1o n\u00ean, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m,\u00a0m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng,\u00a0di truy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1…\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0do\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1\u00a0nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean.\u00a0Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd\u00a0kh\u1ed5, vui, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0vui do s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0s\u00e1u gi\u00e1c quan\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 sinh, c\u00e1c\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0\u1ea5y\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c\u00a0v\u00e0o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0gian,\u00a0th\u1eddi gian,\u00a0tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a,\u00a0th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft,\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i… ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c\u00a0vui hay bu\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi\u00a0duy\u00ean sinh\u00a0v\u00e0 duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t.\u00a0Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0do s\u1ef1\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc,\u00a0\u00e2m thanh,\u00a0m\u00f9i v\u1ecb… m\u00e0 sinh c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m,\u00a0nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang\u00a0t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c\u00a0v\u00e0o c\u00e1c\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian,\u00a0th\u1eddi gian,\u00a0\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a,\u00a0x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i…\u00a0Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0\u00fd ch\u00ed\u00a0\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u0169ng do\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0gi\u00e1c quan\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 sinh, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c\u00a0ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac\u00a0kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c\u00a0ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0\u1ea5y. Qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0do duy\u00ean\u00a0danh s\u1eafc\u00a0t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, do\u00a0c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c,\u00a0tri gi\u00e1c\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 c\u00f3…\u00a0Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u00a0qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau, c\u00f3 \u1edf trong nhau, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kia. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0\u00a0to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C-\u00a0K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a\u00a0y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u00a0sinh l\u00fd,\u00a0v\u1eadt l\u00fd,\u00a0t\u00e2m l\u00fd\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m\u00a0n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt\u00a0t\u00ednh\u00a0v\u00f4 ng\u00e3,\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng,\u00a0b\u1ea5t an\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0duy\u00ean sinh\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf\u00a0ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qu\u00e1n\u00a0chi\u1ebfu\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u1ea1y: \u00abAi\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tham luy\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0hoan h\u1ef7\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c… ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0kh\u1ecfi \u00e1c ma\u00ab (Kinh\u00a0T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng\u00a0III). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u00a0ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1\u00a0hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tham luy\u1ebfn\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.\u00a0Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0th\u00f3i quen\u00a0t\u01b0 duy\u00a0v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3, v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1eb1ng sau c\u00e1i\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1\u00a0r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n\u00a0t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 sinh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c,\u00a0ch\u00fang tath\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e2n th\u1ec3\u00a0hay t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m,\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng… n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i \u1ea5y b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, b\u1ecb\u00a0l\u1ea5y \u0111i, t\u00e2m t\u01b0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0s\u1ebd tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, b\u1ecb kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng ngay. Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: \u00abNg\u01b0\u1eddi ngu th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ta, ta c\u00f3 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u1edf trong t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u1edf trong th\u00e2n… C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ta, ta c\u00f3 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y, n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y \u1edf trong ta, ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5…\u00ab. Do v\u1eady, khi\u00a0s\u1eafc th\u00e2n,\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd… thay \u0111\u1ed5i,\u00a0con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo;\u00a0s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i,\u00a0ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng v\u00e0\u00a0phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9nph\u00e1t sinh.Khi t\u00e2m\u00a0ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tham luy\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u0169 b\u1ecf,\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0\u00a0v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, l\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1p u\u1ea9n. Khi \u1ea5y\u00a0s\u1eafc th\u00e2n\u00a0l\u00e0 th\u00e2n\u00a0t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, th\u1ecd l\u00e0\u00a0t\u00e2m t\u1eeb\u00a0bi, t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 tr\u00ed\u00a0v\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 tr\u00ed\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh\u00a0v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00ed c\u0103n\u00a0b\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m kinh\u00a0n\u00f3i: V\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t m\u1ecdi\u00a0kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch.\/.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u00f4n t\u1eadp\u00a0<\/strong>1- \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u00e0\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\u00a0ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.<\/em>
2-\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u00e3 d\u1ea1y\u00a0tu t\u1eadp\u00a0qu\u00e1n\u00a0n\u0103m u\u1ea9n\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/em>
3- V\u00ec sao\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0d\u1ea1y: \u00abAi\u00a0kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0tham luy\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng\u00a0hoan h\u1ef7\u00a0v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c… ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0kh\u1ecfi \u00e1c ma\u00ab?<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n I – B\u00e0i 2N\u0103m u\u1ea9n(Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n)Th\u00edch Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c A- D\u1eabn nh\u1eadp Theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7. V\u00f4 minh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1663,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[85,90],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1662","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cac-dinh-nghia-cac-dinh-nghia","category-phat-giao-bac-tong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1662","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1662"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1662\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1665,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1662\/revisions\/1665"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1662"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1662"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1662"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1662"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}