{"id":1688,"date":"2020-09-08T19:52:05","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T19:52:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1688"},"modified":"2020-09-09T09:49:10","modified_gmt":"2020-09-09T09:49:10","slug":"10-tong-phai-phat-giao-trung-quoc-duy-thuc-tong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/08\/10-tong-phai-phat-giao-trung-quoc-duy-thuc-tong\/","title":{"rendered":"10 T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c – Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Duy th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng
(Hay Ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f4ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

I. Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi L\u1eadp T\u00f4ng<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ng\u00e3, th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eaft d\u1eabn n\u00ean xoay v\u1ea7n m\u00e3i theo b\u00e1nh xe sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh trong chi\u00eam bao, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng n\u1eefa, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, trong b\u00e1nh xe sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb hai m\u00f3n ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng hay Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p tu r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. \u0110\u1ecbnh Ngh\u0129a<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng, hay Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p. Bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n v\u1ecdng h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9c A-L\u1ea1i-Da, r\u1ed3i t\u01b0 th\u1ee9c A-L\u1ea1i-Da sinh ra c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p .v.v…T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, hay l\u00e0 t\u00e1t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do duy th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n, ngo\u00e0i th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cDuy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady \u201cPh\u00e1p-t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4n\u201d hay \u201cDuy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n m\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, quan s\u00e1t h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh kh\u1edfi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ee9c\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. C\u0103n C\u1ee9 C\u00e1c Kinh S\u00e1ch Sau \u0110\u00e2y L\u1eadp Ra Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u0103n lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 6 b\u1ed9 kinh v\u00e0 11 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1u b\u1ed9 kinh l\u00e0:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Kinh Gi\u1ea3i th\u00e2m m\u1eadt<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Kinh Nh\u01b0 Lai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c trang nghi\u00eam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Kinh A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Kinh H\u1eadu Nghi\u00eam (hay M\u1eadt Nghi\u00eam).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn l\u00e0:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Lu\u1eadn Du gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2.  Lu\u1eadn Hi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Trang nghi\u00eam<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Lu\u1eadn Nhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Lu\u1eadn Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba kinh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t Du gi\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Lu\u1eadn Qu\u00e1n S\u1edf duy\u00ean duy\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Lu\u1eadn Duy th\u1ee9c Nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Lu\u1eadn Bi\u1ec7n trung bi\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Lu\u1eadn T\u1ea1p lu\u1eadn<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra Duy th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c. \u0110\u1ee9c Di L\u1eb7c sau khi tu ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u00e3 theo l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3i Lu\u1eadn Du gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai v\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 hai anh em nh\u00e0 V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ef1a theo b\u1ed9 \u201cDu gi\u00e0 S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d l\u00e0m ra b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u201cHi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o\u201d, v\u00e0 \u201cNhi\u1ebfp \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba\u201d. Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1edbn lao h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, t\u00f3m t\u0103t l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a l\u00fd Duy th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0m ra b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn \u201cDuy th\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng\u201d. V\u1ec1 sau, c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0, s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i b\u1ed9 Duy th\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng, l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 Duy th\u1ee9c .<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang t\u1eeb Trung Hoa sang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1ec9nh kinh v\u00e0 tham c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c. Sau khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Trung Hoa, Ng\u00e0i l\u01b0\u1ee3m l\u1eb7t tinh hoa c\u1ee7a 10 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh H\u00e1n v\u0103n, d\u01b0\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0: \u201cTh\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn\u201d, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 10 quy\u1ec3n. Ng\u00e0i Khuy C\u01a1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd b\u1ed9 \u201cTh\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn\u201d l\u00e0m ra th\u00e0nh 60 quy\u1ec3n, d\u01b0\u1edbi nhan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e0nh Duy th\u1ee9c thu\u1eadt k\u00fd\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t huy Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n. C\u00f2n \u1edf Trung Hoa, v\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch v\u1edf d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 Duy th\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 xem l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00f4ng Duy th\u1ee9c, th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba b\u1ed9 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba B\u00e1 ph\u00e1p minh m\u00f4n lu\u1eadn (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n)<\/em>: N\u1ed9i dung b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 100 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 hai m\u00f3n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Duy th\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy th\u1ee9c (b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y nhan \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0: \u201cDuy th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n\u201d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Duy th\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng (c\u0169ng do Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra)<\/em>: Trong b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n d\u00f9ng 30 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c, lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y chia l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ba th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-da (th\u1ee9c t\u1ee9 t\u00e1m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t-na (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh (5 m\u00f3n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh (5 m\u00f3n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Thi\u1ec7n (11 m\u00f3n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– C\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (6 m\u00f3n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (20 m\u00f3n)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (4 m\u00f3n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p c\u00e1c nghi v\u1ea5n:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

– L\u00e0m sao bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1eadn vi sinh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec sao c\u00f3 sinh t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec sao c\u00f3 ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh sinh t\u1eed?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ea1o sao Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ba t\u00ednh?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ba t\u00ednh, t\u1ea1i sao Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ba m\u00f3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec7 tu Duy th\u1ee9c:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb khi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m tu Duy th\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-V\u1ecb T\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng (nh\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-V\u1ecb gia h\u1ea1nh (gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n h\u00e0ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-V\u1ecb th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t (th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-V\u1ecb tu t\u1eadp (tu h\u00e0nh t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– V\u1ecb c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh (\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb tu ch\u1ee9ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. B\u00e1t th\u1ee9c qui c\u1ee7 t\u1ee5ng (t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang):<\/em> N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang d\u00f9ng 12 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 to\u00e1t y\u1ebfu l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a l\u00fd Duy th\u1ee9c, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 n\u0103m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ba b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng, hai b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ph\u00e0m phu; b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 ba n\u00f3i h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c, khi l\u00ean qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ba b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc Duy th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ngth\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. Ch\u1ee7 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, ph\u00e1p (bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p), b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n ra (y tha kh\u1edfi), v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sinh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt (vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt). Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, v\u00ec m\u00eam\u1edd, ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc, th\u00ec v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u01a1n h\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba trong c\u1ea3nh chi\u00eam bao, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang sinh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt ng\u00e3, th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khi bi\u1ebft c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt trong chi\u00eam bao l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m chi\u00eam bao sinh ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i n\u01a1i c\u1ea3nh chi\u00eam bao n\u1eefa. M\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n chi\u00eam bao t\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt ng\u00e3, th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa, t\u1ea5t s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, (t\u00ednh vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt). \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 quy v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Duy th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb Duy th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh (t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 hay t\u00ednh vi\u00ean gi\u00e1c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V. Th\u00e0nh Ph\u1ea7n C\u1ee7a Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Gi\u1edbi<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i Theo Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m l\u1eabn v\u1eadt), tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u00e3n quan c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n ra th\u00e0nh n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i; n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh 100 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n hay 100 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m lo\u1ea1i l\u1edbn \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cd\u1ee5ng\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng h\u00e0nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cph\u1eadn v\u1ecb sai kh\u00e1c\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. V\u00f4 vi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cch\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean: t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u201ch\u1eefu vi\u201d, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f3 sinh di\u1ec7t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u201cv\u00f4 vi\u201d, kh\u00f4ng sinh di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201ct\u00ednh\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, hay ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i chia l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 t\u00e1m m\u00f3n, m\u1ed7i m\u00f3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed7i \u00f4ng vua l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) T\u1ef5 th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0111) Th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e) \u00dd th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

h) A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan, m\u1ed7i gi\u00e1c quan c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1edf n\u0103ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft ri\u00eang: khi ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i hoa, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i hoa \u1ea5y m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng hay \u0111\u1ecf v.v…c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 con m\u1eaft, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c. Khi ch\u00fang ta nghe \u0111\u00e0n, bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e0n \u1ea5y cao hay th\u1ea5p, to hay nh\u1ecf v.v…c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tai, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c. Khi ta ng\u1eedi m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i g\u00ec, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9i \u1ea5y th\u01a1m hay h\u00f4i, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u0169i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef5 th\u1ee9c. Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n g\u00ec, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f3n \u0103n \u1ea5y m\u1eb7n hay l\u1ea1t, chua hay ng\u1ecdt, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee1i, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c. Khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec, bi\u1ebft v\u1eadt \u1ea5y c\u1ee9ng hay m\u1ec1m, n\u00f3ng hay l\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean n\u00e0y: Nh\u00e3n, Nh\u0129, T\u1ef5, Thi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 Th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec5 nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft sau n\u00e0y: \u00dd th\u1ee9c, M\u1ea1t-na-th\u1ee9c, A-l\u1ea1i-da-th\u1ee9c, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp, \u1ea9n s\u00e2u v\u00e0o trong, t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb h\u01a1n, n\u00ean kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft. Tuy th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0nh r\u1ebd h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u hay “\u00dd th\u1ee9c”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00dd th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Khi n\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNg\u0169 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c\u201d, hay l\u00e0 \u201cMinh li\u1ec5u \u00fd th\u1ee9c”. Trong l\u00fac m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, tai nghe ti\u1ebfng v.v… m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0o (\u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd) th\u00ec m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1eaft v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y, tai v\u1eabn nghe, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y nghe kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. S\u00e1ch Nho ch\u00e9p: “T\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i di\u00ean, th\u1ecb nhi b\u1ea5t ki\u1ebfn, th\u00ednh nhi b\u1ea5t v\u0103n” (n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd, th\u00ec d\u00f9 xem c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y, l\u1eafng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng nghe). Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, khi c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0o, th\u1ea5y nghe v.v… \u0111\u1ec1u minh b\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Khi n\u00e0o \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “\u0110\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c \u00fd th\u1ee9c” hay “\u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u \u00fd th\u1ee9c”. Nh\u01b0 trong l\u00fac n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac, m\u00e0 trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u1eabn l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng (ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n) c\u1ee7a n\u0103m tr\u1ea7n. Khi ch\u00fang ta nh\u1edb t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i, th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ee7 tr\u1ea7n in nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7u \u00fd th\u1ee9c”. Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u n\u00e0y, khi t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, suy ngh\u0129 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec, thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, hay hay d\u1edf, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u lanh l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111ang h\u01a1n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean trong duy th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00f4ng vi th\u1ee7, t\u1ed9i vi kh\u00f4i” ( C\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, tuy s\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan lanh l\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1edf \u0111o\u1ea3n l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khi gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u1ea9n ph\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 trong l\u00fac b\u1ecb h\u1ee5p thu\u1ed1c m\u00ea, ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea3, ng\u1ee7 say, hay nh\u1eadp v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh v.v… Qua nh\u1eefng giai \u0111\u1ecdan \u1ea5y, \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady trong l\u00fac \u00fd th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n, n\u00f3 n\u00fap \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Duy th\u1ee9c, khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u0103n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y hay th\u1ee9c M\u1ea1t-na. Theo t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-Ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

-L\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho \u00dd th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111em c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ”truy\u1ec1n” v\u00e0o t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111em c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed b\u00ean trong ”t\u1ed1ng” ra ngo\u00e0i n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 ”truy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1ng th\u1ee9c”. S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u, c\u00f3 th\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau. Khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0 khi ra tr\u1eadn b\u1eafn nhau v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbch qu\u00e2n, khi \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ed9n, hay t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 sinh nhai, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u. Th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c trong ch\u00fang ta. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m, s\u00e2u k\u00edn, ti\u1ec1m tr\u1ef1c, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nguy h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng ta, nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp, hay \u0111i ra \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb nh\u00e0nh c\u00e2y g\u00e3y s\u1eafp r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u…trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u1ea5y, tuy th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd can thi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 m\u00e0 ta v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9, b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, s\u00e2u k\u00edn m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c A-l\u1ea1i-da, T\u00e0u d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c ”T\u00edch ch\u1ee9a”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch, t\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee9 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i qua, ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng! M\u1ed7i khi ngh\u0129 d\u1ebfn th\u00ec danh t\u1eeb, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt x\u01b0a c\u0169 hi\u1ec7n ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n phim quay l\u1ea1i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft. Nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea5y, v\u00ec sao m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m qua m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i? T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kho v\u00f4 t\u1eadn ch\u1ee9a l\u1ea1i, n\u00ean m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t v\u1eady! Kho v\u00f4 t\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0ng th\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee9a).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1t c\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec7 huynh, nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1 si<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ed9c h\u1eefu nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1, t\u1ed1i linh tinh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u0169 c\u00e1 m\u00f4n ti\u1ec1n t\u00f4 m\u00e3i m\u1ea1i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1 gia trung t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 y.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anh em t\u00e1m ch\u00fa m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi si (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t tinh ranh (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m ch\u00e0ng ngo\u00e0i c\u1eeda lo bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n (n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 trong nh\u00e0, th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i da (th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1edf h\u1eefu, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng quan trong tri\u1ec1u, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n sai s\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng vua, hay nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 51 ph\u00e1p, chia l\u00e0m s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh T\u00e2m s\u1edf:<\/em> Bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh; Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh T\u00e2m s\u1edf ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c (t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng), v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o n\u00f3 c\u1ee7ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh T\u00e2m s\u1edf g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0: X\u00fac, T\u00e1c \u00fd, Th\u1ecd, T\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 T\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) Bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2m s\u1edf:<\/em> Bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, Bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5c T\u00e2m s\u1edf duy\u00ean ri\u00eang v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u01b0a mu\u1ed1n; Hu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ri\u00eang v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t… ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf. Bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh T\u00e2m s\u1edf g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0: D\u1ee5c, Th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, Ni\u1ec7m, \u0110\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 Hu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(3) Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m s\u1edf:<\/em> Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 11 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0: T\u00edn, T\u00e0m, Qu\u00fd, V\u00f4 tham, V\u00f4 sinh, V\u00f4 si, Tinh t\u1ea5n, Khinh an, B\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, H\u00e0nh x\u00e3 v\u00e0 B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(4) C\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00e2m s\u1edf:<\/em> nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00e0y g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n cho ch\u00fang sinh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u00e0m c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c cho c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ph\u00e1t sinh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. C\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p l\u00e0: Tham, S\u00e2n, Si, M\u1ea1n, Nghi, \u00c1c ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(5) T\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00e2m s\u1edf:<\/em> Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00e0y n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00f3c m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn. T\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00e2m s\u1edf g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 50 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0: Ph\u1eabn, H\u1eadu, Ph\u00fa, N\u00e3o, T\u1eadt, Xan, Cu\u1ed1n, Si\u1ec3n, H\u1ea1i, Ki\u00eau, V\u00f4 t\u00e0m, V\u00f4 qu\u00ed, Tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, B\u1ea5t t\u00edn, Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, Th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, T\u00e1n lo\u1ea1i, B\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tri\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(6) B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m s\u1edf: <\/em>B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh; b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng h\u1eb3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c; nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m s\u1edfn g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0: H\u1ed1i, Mi\u00ean,Tr\u1ea7m, T\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0 n\u00e1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u0103m c\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n, c\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 11 ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m c\u0103n l\u00e0: Nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef5, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0: S\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi s\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ”\u0111\u1eafc” (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ”b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng ph\u00e1p”. ”\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c” kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3i ”\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c”, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0m c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a ”\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec, nh\u01b0ng ”\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ”ai” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc, ”ai” thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m. C\u00f2n ”\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c” kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u1edbi c\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta suy ng\u1eabm v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p B\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1n c\u0103n, sinh, tr\u1ee5, d\u1ecb, di\u1ec7t, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ebf t\u1ed1c .v.v\u2026 g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 14 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. V\u00f4 vi ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i, ph\u00e1p vi v\u00f4 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, xa l\u00eca t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e0m phu th\u00ec kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n, so s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tuy th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, nh\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Duy th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng, danh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 vi:<\/em> Mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi:<\/u><\/em> Tr\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, Di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec5n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi:<\/u><\/em> tr\u00ean th\u00ec n\u00f3i nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec5m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh nh\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, x\u01b0a nay l\u00e0 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh di\u1ec7t, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu duy\u00ean, n\u00ean c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n; v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi thanh t\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea1ch di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d<\/em>) B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi:<\/em> khi \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 ba, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vui bu\u1ed3n, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng c\u00f9ng x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb lay \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00ec n\u1eefa, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e) T\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi:<\/u> <\/em>Khi \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1edf c\u00f5i th\u1ee9 ba thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u201ct\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ecd\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7n ra, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cT\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 vi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

f) Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 vi: <\/em>N\u0103m ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi tr\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh dung c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0; ph\u00e1p th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 “Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 vi”, m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00edch danh b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb 100 ph\u00e1p v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean n\u00e0y, c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p th\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p b\u00e1t<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u0169 th\u1eadp nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1ecb th\u1eadp t\u1ee9 ch\u1ee7ng b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1u m\u00f3n v\u00f4 v\u1ecb, th\u00e0nh tr\u0103m ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p t\u00e1m<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t m\u00f3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n b\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1u m\u00f3n v\u00f4 vi, th\u00e0nh tr\u0103m ph\u00e1p.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

VI. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu tuy v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh 100 lo\u1ea1i (b\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p). M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, tuy h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau, chung c\u1ee5c l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u Th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1i l\u00fd n\u00f3i r\u00ean, th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0y nh\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 5 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n sau \u0111\u00e2y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ”Ng\u0169 tr\u00f9ng duy th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n”. V\u1edbi n\u0103m ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111i t\u1eeb th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf, t\u1eeb ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn tinh thu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. B\u1ecf c\u00e1i h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i h\u01b0 th\u1eadt (khi\u1ec3n h\u01b0, t\u1ed3n th\u1eadt):<\/em> B\u1ecf c\u00e1i h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 \u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecdng ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p do c\u00e1i t\u00ednh \u201cbi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p\u201d t\u1ea1o ra. L\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00ednh \u201cy tha kh\u1edfi\u201d’ v\u00e0 \u201cvi\u00ean th\u00e0nh\u201d. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u, trong ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt (h\u01b0) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt c\u00f3. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh y tha, vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 (th\u1eadt) \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng. Trong l\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n Duy th\u1ee9c t\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, ”c\u00f3” v\u00e0 ”kh\u00f4ng” \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecf” bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf ch\u1ea5p” l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i ”y tha” v\u00e0 ”vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. B\u1ecf c\u00e1i nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ea1o, l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay (x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1m l\u01b0u thu\u1ea7n):<\/em> C\u00e1i nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ea1o n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n (n\u1ed9i c\u1ea3nh); c\u00f3 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n. B\u1ecf c\u00e1i nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ea1o, l\u01b0u c\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ecf ph\u1ea7n ”t\u01b0\u1edbng” b\u1ecb duy\u00ean (s\u1edf duy\u00ean) m\u00e0 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n ”ki\u1ebfn” l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u0103ng duy\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i duy th\u1ee9c, l\u1ea5y t\u00e2m (n\u0103ng) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh (s\u1edf) \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 b\u1ecf c\u1ea3nh (x\u1ea3 l\u1ea1m) m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eed l\u1ea1i t\u00e2m (l\u01b0u thu\u1ea7n). L\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ecf v\u1ecdng c\u1ea3nh ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m; l\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ecf c\u1ea3nh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0110em c\u00e1i ng\u1ecdn tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 g\u1ed1c (nhi\u1ebfp m\u1ea1t quy b\u1ea3n): <\/em>C\u00e1i ng\u1ecdn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n g\u1ed1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n. Ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ”d\u1ee5ng” \u0111\u1ec1u y theo tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi ra, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn; c\u00f2n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ”th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh” cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c. L\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n Duy th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111em ”d\u1ee5ng” v\u00e0 ”th\u1ec3” \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi nhau, m\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 b\u1ecf c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n thu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng (ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n), ch\u1ec9 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 (t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ph\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1i li\u1ec7t l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 c\u00e1i th\u1eafng (\u1ea9n li\u1ec7t hi\u1ec3n th\u1eafng):<\/em> C\u00e1i Li\u1ec7t mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf, c\u00e1i Th\u1eafng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u00e2m s\u1edf ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 li\u1ec7t, hay k\u00e9m; t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n sai s\u1eed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eafng, hay h\u01a1n. L\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n duy th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111em 51 m\u00f3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi 8 m\u00f3n t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 d\u1eb9p b\u1ecf c\u00e1c m\u00f3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 8 m\u00f3n t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. B\u1ecf th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh (khi\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u1ee9ng t\u00ednh): <\/em>B\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng qu\u00e1n Duy th\u1ee9c tr\u00ean, tuy r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n gi\u1eed l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c m\u00f3n t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00ednh. L\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111em s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng) \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c (th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh), t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh hay t\u00e2m Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 (qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 th\u00eam, xin xem b\u00e0i duy th\u1ee9c qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Th\u00e1i H\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i n\u0103m l\u1edbp qu\u00e1n Duy th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i tu n\u1eefa r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng quan s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed9c k\u1ef9 v\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong Duy th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng, c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 danh t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. R\u1ed3i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m: M\u1ed7i khi hi\u1ec7n l\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m g\u00ec, ch\u00fang ta ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t th\u1eadt k\u1ef9 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c (phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o). N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam, c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m \u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta mau mau lo di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111i. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u (tu t\u00e2m) v\u00e0 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t (d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh) nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n (xem quy\u1ec3n tu t\u00e2m v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VII. H\u00e0nh Gi\u1ea3 Ph\u1ea3i Tr\u1ea3i Qua N\u0103m \u0110\u1ecba V\u1ecb Trong Khi Tu Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Duy th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb khi n\u1ea3y sinh ra c\u00e1i \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh mu\u1ed1n \u0111i cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n hay n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. V\u1ecb t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng: <\/em>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp \u0111i xa, ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Duy th\u1ee9c Tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e3i ch\u00ed v\u1ecb kh\u1edfi th\u1ee9c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5 Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u01af nh\u1ecb th\u1ee7 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Du v\u1ecb n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c di\u1ec7t<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: T\u1eeb khi ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u an tr\u1ee5 Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh, trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, hai m\u00f3n th\u1ee7 (ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ea5p) h\u00e3y c\u00f2n mi\u00ean ph\u1ee5c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. V\u1ecb Gia h\u1ea1nh: H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 gia c\u00f4ng t\u1ea5n h\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i xa, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee7 h\u00e0nh l\u00fd c\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Duy th\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n l\u1eadp thi\u1ec3u v\u1eadt<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u1ecb duy th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u0129 h\u1eefu s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ed1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Phi th\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 duy th\u1ee9c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh an tr\u1ee5 duy th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh, d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt an tr\u1ee5 Duy th\u1ee9 t\u00ednh, v\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. V\u1ecb Th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t:<\/em> H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i tu h\u00e0nh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh s\u1eafp \u0111i, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t, \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o x\u1ea5u, \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o nguy hi\u1ec3m, \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng …<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Duy th\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafc b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc ngh\u1ecb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian tr\u00ed<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

X\u1ea3 nh\u1ecb th\u00f4 tr\u1ecdng c\u1ed1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n y.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi “v\u00f4 d\u1eafc” n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian v\u00f4 l\u1eadu. Do \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai m\u00f3n th\u00f4 tr\u1ecdng (phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng), h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai m\u00f3n chuy\u1ec3n y ( B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. V\u1ecb c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh:<\/em> Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tu ch\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f2an to\u00e0n t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Duy th\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nguy\u00ean v\u0103n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eed t\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u1eadu gi\u1edbi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb, thi\u1ec7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

An l\u1ea1c, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i M\u00e2u-nhi\u1ec1u danh ph\u00e1p.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: a) B\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb, b) Thi\u1ec7n, c) Th\u01b0\u1eddng, d) An l\u1ea1c, \u0111) Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00e2n, e) \u0110\u1ea1i M\u00e2u nhi\u1ec1u, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n (Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n r\u00f5 th\u00eam, xem cu\u1ed1n Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc, t\u1eadp V, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Duy th\u1ee9c tam th\u1eadp t\u1ee5ng ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VII. K\u1ebft Qu\u1ea3 Tu Ch\u1ee9ng<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3: <\/em>sau khi \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng tu luy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p m\u00ea v\u1ecdng, n\u0103m th\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef5, thi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c, duy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 x\u00fac tr\u1ea7n; nh\u1edd th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafc, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng, ng\u1eedi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9i, n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi chung quanh. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay sai l\u1ea1c, nh\u1eadn gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m th\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, quay cu\u1ed3ng trong l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Duy th\u1ee9c khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec n\u0103m th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n ra th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i tr\u00ed \u201cth\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, hi\u1ec7n ra ba m\u00f3n h\u00f3a th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebb t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 h\u00f3a d\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Di\u1ec7u qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t tr\u00ed: <\/em>khi \u0111ang c\u00f2n \u1edf trong m\u00ea th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft so \u0111o, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n trong ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, t\u1ea7m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bao qu\u00e1t c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay sai l\u1ea1c, l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, v\u00e0 l\u00f4i k\u00e9o th\u00e2n v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i tr\u00ed Di\u1ec7u quan s\u00e1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u00ed quan s\u00e1t r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eb1ng sang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; trong m\u1ed7i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sinh, trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m v.v…V\u00e0 nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00f9y theo nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00ednh tr\u00ed: <\/em>Trong khi m\u00ea, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5p ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m l\u00e0 ng\u00e3. Khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p “ng\u00e3” t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi \u00fd ngh\u0129, m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ecdi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u quy t\u1ee5 chung quanh c\u00e1i ng\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 th\u00ec y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, chi\u1ec1u chu\u1ed9ng, c\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 th\u00ec khinh gh\u00e9t, h\u1eaft h\u1ee7i, ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p. Do \u0111\u00f3, g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0m x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n, \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy th\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3, th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00f2ai v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau. Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb5ng r\u1ed3i th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 m\u1ed7i lo\u00e0i m\u00e0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed: <\/em>Khi c\u00f2n m\u00ea m\u1edd b\u1ecb th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 B\u1ea3y ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eeb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 chi ph\u1ed1i, n\u00ean th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t thanh t\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ebfn khi nh\u1edd tu h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 T\u00e1m n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau ch\u00f9i s\u1ea1ch b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ”\u0110\u1ea1i vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n tr\u00ed tr\u00ean n\u00e0y, tuy c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y theo c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ed3m hai tr\u00ed sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 C\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 H\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) C\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ed:<\/u><\/em> T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ec3, ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Tr\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) H\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed: <\/u><\/em>Tr\u00ed l\u00e0 tr\u00ed d\u1ee5ng. Sau khi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ed r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed. Tr\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sai bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ed; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ed ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do t\u00ednh y tha kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 sai kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u1ecdc Duy th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1m th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed l\u00e0: Th\u00e0nh s\u1edf t\u00e1c tr\u00ed, Di\u1ec7u qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t tr\u00ed, B\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00ednh tr\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i vi\u00ean c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed. \u0110\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec b\u1ed1n tr\u00ed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m hai l\u00e0: C\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ed v\u00e0 H\u1eadu \u0111\u1eafc tr\u00ed. Khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai tr\u00ed n\u00e0y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00ednh, ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadp ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IX. L\u1ee3i \u00cdch Thi\u1ebft Th\u1ef1c Trong Khi H\u1ecdc V\u00e0 Tu Duy Th\u1ee9c<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tu h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng th\u1ea5y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa x\u00f4i, di\u1ec7u v\u1ee3i m\u00e0 n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn khi thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. Ngay trong khi \u0111ang tu h\u1ecdc, m\u00f4n Duy th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ch\u00fang ta t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng:<\/em> T\u1eeb h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, ch\u00fang cho ta th\u00e2n t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh, t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. Nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129 cho k\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 s\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ta m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u1ec1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t, m\u0169i, tay, ch\u00e2n v.v…Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong, ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc khoa ph\u1eabu thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 t\u00e2m t\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng d\u1ed1t h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Nhi\u1ec1u khi ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, k\u1ef3 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7m nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm. V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u00ednh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y tu h\u1ecdc Duy th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i. Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, chia ch\u1ebb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn, t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, li\u1ec7t k\u00ea ra th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i; m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00ean ri\u00eang, h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng, ph\u1ea1m vi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. H\u1ecdc Duy th\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m g\u01b0\u01a1ng soi, th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u xa \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb (tu t\u00e2m), nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh). Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta:<\/em> T\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi xem qua th\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu suy nghi\u1ec7m cho k\u1ef9, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed1 ch\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean bang; c\u00e1c T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a li\u00ean bang; c\u00e1c T\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang; c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng; c\u00e1c T\u00e2m s\u1edf Bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ec9nh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, Qu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1edfng; c\u00e1c T\u00e2m s\u1edf B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb d\u00e2n bi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i; c\u00e1c T\u00e2m s\u1edf Thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n li\u00eam khi\u1ebft hay c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c t\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u00ec d\u00e2n v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc; c\u00e1c T\u00e2m s\u1edf phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng tham quan \u00f4 l\u1ea1i, hay c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eadt l\u01b0u manh v.v… c\u00f2n c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed (thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, v\u00f4 k\u00fd) th\u00ec nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang trong li\u00ean bang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi m\u1ed9t li\u00ean bang n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m cho v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u00ean bang \u1ea5y s\u1ebd v\u1eefng m\u1ea1nh, h\u00f9ng c\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, th\u00ec li\u00ean bang \u1ea5y s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1edbm th\u00ec mu\u1ed9n, s\u1ebd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m t\u1ed1i t\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Duy th\u1ee9c h\u1ecdc gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea1nh tr\u1ecb, th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ch\u00fang ta trau gi\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ”ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn”<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecdc Duy th\u1ee9c, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc Duy th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00ec m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y chia ch\u1ebb t\u00e2m l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef7 m\u1ef7, phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i; m\u1ed7i t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n,v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, h\u00e0nh vi, t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng…nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u1ecdc tri\u1ec1u Duy th\u1ee9c. Cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. T\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, trong \u0111\u1ea1o hay ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Ch\u00fang ta gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i:<\/em> Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau r\u00f5, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebfn, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi g\u1eb7p \u0111i\u1ec1u may m\u1eafn, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh, ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n, c\u1ed1ng cao; khi g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh \u0111au bu\u1ed3n nh\u01b0 t\u1eed bi\u1ec7t sinh ly…ch\u00fang ta b\u1edbt kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, k\u00eau than, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m, nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y bay, nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 tho\u1ea3ng, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng say \u0111\u1eafm, tham lam, luy\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfc, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta b\u1edbt d\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eef, ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00f3at.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Ch\u00fang ta n\u1eafm v\u1eefng l\u00f2ng tin<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ecdc Duy th\u1ee9c, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cao si\u00eau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, n\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0o t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ngay n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 tu h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

X. K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y xong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c t\u00f4ng hay Ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00f4ng. t\u1ea5\u0129t nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb n\u00e0o mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u00e2u xa v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, xin h\u00e3y t\u00ecm tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ba b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh t\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Duy th\u1ee9c l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba B\u00e1 Ph\u00e1t minh m\u00f4n lu\u1eadn (Duy th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadp m\u00f4n), Duy th\u1ee9c Tam Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 B\u00e1t Th\u1ee9c Quy C\u1ee7 t\u1ee5ng; sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy th\u1ebf, sau khi xem qua n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec xin h\u00e3y h\u1ea1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng phu ngay, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111em quan s\u00e1t ki\u1ec3m th\u1ea3o t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u00e1u m\u00f3n C\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. S\u00e1u \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00ean b\u1ed9 h\u1ea1 nguy hi\u1ec3m l\u00e0 20 T\u00f9y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Ch\u00ednh b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn nay ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n trong bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5 sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu ng\u00e0y nay bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ho\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta an c\u01b0 l\u1ea1c nghi\u1ec7p (xong cu\u1ed1n tu t\u00e2m).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ecdn gi\u1eb7c c\u01b0\u1edbp \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng anh h\u00f9ng ngh\u0129a s\u0129, chuy\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 11 m\u00f3n t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb h\u1ea3o h\u00e1n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u00e2n c\u1ea7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3i, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ed5 v\u0169 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng th\u00eam h\u0103ng h\u00e1i v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh (xem quy\u1ec3n D\u01b0\u1ee1ng T\u00ednh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u xa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u1ea7u mong qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Duy th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng(Hay Ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00f4ng) I. Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi L\u1eadp T\u00f4ng T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn nay, v\u00ec ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 th\u1eadt ng\u00e3, th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p m\u00e0\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[114],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1688","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phap-mon","tag-10-tong-phai-pg-trung-quoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1688","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1688"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1688\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1689,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1688\/revisions\/1689"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1688"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1688"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1688"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1688"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}