{"id":1692,"date":"2020-09-08T19:56:26","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T19:56:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1692"},"modified":"2020-09-09T09:49:01","modified_gmt":"2020-09-09T09:49:01","slug":"10-tong-phai-phat-giao-trung-quoc-phap-hoa-tong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/08\/10-tong-phai-phat-giao-trung-quoc-phap-hoa-tong\/","title":{"rendered":"10 T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c – Ph\u00e1p Hoa T\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ph\u00e1p Hoa T\u00f4ng
(Hay Thi\u00ean Thai T\u00f4ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


I. DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI L\u1eacP T\u00d4NG<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb B\u1eafc T\u1ebf do ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 V\u0103n Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 Tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra ph\u00e1p \u201cNh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tam qu\u00e1n\u201d. Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n cho ng\u00e0i Nam Nh\u1ea1c Hu\u1ec7 T\u1ef1 Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0. Ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 T\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i truy\u1ec1n cho ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Gi\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u00fai Thi\u00ean Thai. Ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0, y theo kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa, b\u1ed5 t\u00fac th\u00eam cho ph\u00e1p \u201cNh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tam qu\u00e1n\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb v\u00e0 l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 uy th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i n\u00fai Thi\u00ean Thai. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00ean Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng (ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi Ph\u00e1p Hoa t\u00f4ng). V\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng An \u00d0\u1ea1i s\u01b0 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y, l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p Hoa huy\u1ec1n ngh\u0129a, Ph\u00e1p Hoa v\u0103n c\u00fa, Ma ha ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng An, gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n m\u00e3i qua c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau: Ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Oai, ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 Oai, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Minh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Tr\u1ea1m Nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0i Tr\u1ea1m Nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kinh Kh\u00ea t\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u thanh th\u1ebf, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i Tr\u1ea1m Nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng, h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng, hi\u1ec3u nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ed5 t\u00fac v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i th\u00eam cho c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb. T\u1eeb ng\u00e0i Tr\u1ea1m Nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 sau, \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ra ba b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn l\u00e0m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n cho t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0: Ph\u00e1p Hoa huy\u1ec1n ngh\u0129a, Ph\u00e1p Hoa v\u0103n c\u00fa, Ma ha ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 th\u00eam n\u0103m b\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf, tuy kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng ba b\u1ed9 tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u1ecdc l\u00e0: Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m huy\u1ec1n ngh\u0129a, Qu\u00e1n \u00c2m ngh\u0129a s\u1edb, Kim Quang Minh huy\u1ec1n ngh\u0129a, Kim Quang Minh v\u0103n c\u00fa v\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n kinh s\u1edb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. T\u00d4NG CH\u1ec8 V\u00c0 GI\u00c1O L\u00dd C\u0102N B\u1ea2N<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c trong Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111i ra ngo\u00e0i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u201cCh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m\u201d. C\u00e1i c\u00f4ng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch tinh vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cCh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m\u201d? Theo Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m. T\u00e2m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Hai c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. T\u00e2m bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. T\u00e2m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh, t\u00e2m c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, Ph\u1eadt. Sinh t\u1eed c\u0169ng \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m \u1ea5y, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u0169ng \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, m\u00e0 m\u1edbi nghe qua h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 x\u00e9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt (hay n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf), th\u00ec th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1i \u201cc\u00f3\u201d c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u00f3 t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, \u201cc\u00f3\u201d m\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d. \u00d0\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3. Cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 x\u00e9t (hay n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf), th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, sao l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d? Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00ec v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d; \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u00ec v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3\u201d. \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f3\u201d, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. L\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ecf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kia, hay tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kia m\u00e0 b\u1ecf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p, thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cT\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 t\u00e2m; t\u00e2m l\u00e0 sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh: thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u00e1c, t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh. Trong c\u00f5i sinh di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u00e1i l\u00fd b\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t; trong c\u00f5i Ta b\u00e0, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u \u201cph\u00e1p m\u00f4n t\u00ednh c\u1ee5\u201d m\u00e0 t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u201cPh\u00e1p m\u00f4n t\u00ednh c\u1ee5\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1eef, t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh,v.v… Do c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. Mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec tu nh\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ch\u00fang sinh th\u00ec t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n ch\u00fang sinh. Ch\u00fang sinh mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i tu thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean trong m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1edbi ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u00e0m phu (\u00d0\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, S\u00fac sinh, A tu la, Nh\u00e2n, Thi\u00ean) v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh (Thanh v\u0103n, Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng: \u201cPh\u00e1p m\u00f4n t\u00ednh c\u1ee5\u201d, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, n\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng c\u0169ng l\u1ea1c quan h\u01a1n c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. \u1ede trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u00f9 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf bao nhi\u00eau c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7u sinh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TU H\u00c0NH<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c quan v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng: trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e0m v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t th\u00ec c\u1ee9 gieo nh\u00e2n (tu h\u00e0nh) th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb che ph\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, hay n\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec l\u00e0 \u201cch\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d hay \u201cho\u1eb7c\u201d. D\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u201cch\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d hay \u201cho\u1eb7c\u201d \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00ean gi\u1eb7c nguy hi\u1ec3m \u1ea5y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng, h\u00e0nh tung, ph\u1ea1m vi h\u1ecdat \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3. Nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, m\u00ea l\u1ea7m hay nh\u1eefng ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 s\u1ed1, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m ba lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb c\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2u, t\u1eeb h\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed9ng. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c, tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c:<\/em> Ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c. Ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd, l\u00e0m che l\u1ea5p tr\u00ed n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd; t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 tham nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc theo s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. V\u00ec hai th\u1ee9 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh ph\u1ea3i sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, l\u0103n l\u00f3c trong ba c\u00f5i. Nh\u1eefng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi n\u1ed9i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ch\u00fang sinh trong ba gi\u1edbi. H\u00e0ng Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra lo\u1ea1i m\u00ea l\u1ea7m n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i ra kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng m\u00ea l\u1ea7m hay \u201cho\u1eb7c\u201d s\u00e2u xa h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi h\u1ecd tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u201cho\u1eb7c\u201d n\u00e0y, th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i tam gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c:<\/em> Tr\u1ea7n sa ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i. Tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u201cho\u1eb7c\u201d \u1ea5y, n\u00ean ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u00e1t l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea1i bi c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang c\u00e1c b\u1eadc B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t m\u1edbi d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb m\u00ea l\u1ea9m \u1ea5y, n\u00ean tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c; v\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, ra ngo\u00e0i c\u1ea3 ba gi\u1edbi n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. V\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c:<\/em> Ch\u1eef v\u00f4 minh ngh\u0129a chung l\u00e0 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m. M\u00ea l\u1ea7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u00e2u, h\u1eb9p v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng, th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf. H\u00e0ng Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef v\u00f4 minh, m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u0169ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef v\u00f4 minh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 minh theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m che l\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang sinh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. C\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m che l\u1ea5p ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a bao qu\u00e1t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c; v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t m\u1edbi d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi ba ho\u1eb7c n\u00e0y, Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng l\u1eadp ra ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n, Gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 Trung qu\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

BA PH\u00c1P QU\u00c1N:<\/em><\/strong> Ba ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nguy\u00ean ng\u00e0i Tu\u1ec7 V\u0103n r\u00fat t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m k\u1ec7 trong b\u1ed9 Trung lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra. Ph\u1ea9m k\u1ec7 \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean s\u1edf sinh ph\u00e1p<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft t\u1ee9c th\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec7c danh vi gi\u1ea3 danh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec7c th\u1ecb Trung \u0111\u1ea1o ngh\u0129a.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do danh duy\u00ean sinh, n\u00ean ta b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh, \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng th\u00ec ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n n\u00f2ng c\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i : Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n, Gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 Trung qu\u00e1n ; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Gi\u1ea3, c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Trung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n:<\/em> Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Theo ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang sinh v\u00ec m\u00ea l\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 m\u00e3i quay cu\u1ed3ng trong sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a tam gi\u1edbi. Nay ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p (tr\u1eeb ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c) m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n:<\/em> Gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tuy kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 nh\u00ecn, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, mu\u00f4n h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o. Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c, v\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ho\u1eb7c tuy nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng lo s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 v\u1eefng t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9 sinh kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Trung qu\u00e1n:<\/em> Trung qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n trung \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Trung \u0111\u1ebf hay \u0110\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt trung ch\u00ednh, t\u00f3m th\u00e2u, bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Khi \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf hay t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e9n l\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ed9t kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y hay kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trung qu\u00e1n, th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau. Nh\u1edd Trung qu\u00e1n m\u1edbi nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh C\u00f3 v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng, m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ch\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i T\u1ee5c, t\u1ee9c Ch\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c T\u1ee5c, dung th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 hai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n theo th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp, h\u1ebft Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn Trung. L\u1ed1i qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ba \u0111\u1ebf v\u1ec1 l\u1ed1i c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch, th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec7, hay v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng, hay bi\u1ec7t gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n theo l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edbng. Theo l\u1ed1i sau n\u00e0y th\u00ec qu\u00e1n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 ba \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7, ba t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng, th\u1eddi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng; Gi\u1ea3, Trung c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u Kh\u00f4ng; qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p Gi\u1ea3, th\u1eddi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u Gi\u1ea3; Kh\u00f4ng, Trung c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u Gi\u1ea3; qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p Trung, th\u1eddi h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u Trung; Kh\u00f4ng, Gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u Trung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1n theo l\u1ed1i Vi\u00ean dung; Vi\u00ean ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, Dung ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 dung h\u00f2a. Theo ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, th\u00ec d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tu ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i nhau. Qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tam qu\u00e1n\u201d, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tam qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n vi di\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1edd ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m (m\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p), r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ee9ng soi v\u00e0o g\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e0 v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng (d\u1ee5 cho kh\u00f4ng), nh\u1eefng b\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu trong g\u01b0\u01a1ng (d\u1ee5 cho gi\u1ea3), v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t g\u01b0\u01a1ng (d\u1ee5 cho trung). Ba th\u1ee9: \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, b\u00f3ng ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac m\u00e0 v\u1eabn vi\u00ean dung, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i nhau. C\u00e1i l\u00fd ba \u0111\u1ebf vi\u00ean dung l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p g\u00ec, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi\u00ean dung c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ebf, cho n\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0: \u201c M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh ba \u0111\u1ebf\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 khi qu\u00e1n thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, T\u00e2m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt, quan h\u1ec7 m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng. Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 d\u1ee5 cho t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt, T\u00e2m d\u1ee5 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc, V\u1eadt d\u1ee5 cho s\u00f3ng. Ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc; ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u00e2m, ngo\u00e0i T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 V\u1eadt. Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, T\u00e2m v\u00e0 V\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi nhau, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. QU\u1ea2 V\u1eca TU CH\u1ee8NG<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, do s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u201cNh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tam qu\u00e1n\u201d, Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1c quan v\u1ec1 s\u1ee5 tu ch\u1ee9ng. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, khi \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 n\u1eb1m ngay trong s\u1ee5 v\u1eadt, ph\u00e0m, th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng hai, u\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7u sinh \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu h\u00e0nh l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u ki\u1ebfp m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ngay trong hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng tu luy\u1ec7n th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng trong ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cL\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. L\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,<\/em> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: L\u00fd t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Danh t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Qu\u00e1n h\u1ea1nh t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, C\u1ee9u k\u00ednh t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) L\u00fd t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt:<\/em> L\u00fd t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a l\u00fd m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y trong c\u00e2u \u201cCh\u00fang sinh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee7 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai kh\u00f4ng hai kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c\u201d; hay trong c\u00e2u: \u201cH\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt\u201d; hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Danh t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt:<\/em> Danh t\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, hay nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc hay \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t r\u1eb1ng: \u201cH\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u201d. Danh t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu qua kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, v\u0103n t\u1ef1, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Qu\u00e1n h\u1ea1nh t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt:<\/em> Qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng; n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t cach t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: qu\u00e1n h\u1ea1nh t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

d) T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt:<\/em> Ch\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong l\u00fac m\u00ecnh tu h\u00e0nh, tuy ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd t\u00ednh , nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, n\u01a1i l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 tu\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadp t\u00edn, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i ph\u00e0m (ph\u00e0m phu trong n\u1ed9i gi\u00e1o).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0111) Ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt:<\/em> Theo Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng, th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m m\u00e0n d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 41 l\u1edbp; m\u1ed7i khi nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng phu tu h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Trung \u0111\u1ea1o. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5, Th\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh, Th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng, Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

e) C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt:<\/em> C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec3m, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ef1c Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c, Ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ef1c Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c hay Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u201cL\u1ee5c t\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt\u201d n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t L\u00fd v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u1ec1 L\u00fd th\u00ec k\u1ebb m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean b\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng b\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 nhau, kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, v\u00ec th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. C\u00e1i L\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea5n kh\u1edfi, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u00f2ng ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n tr\u00e1ch m\u00ecnh ch\u1eadm th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u1ed1i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 th\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 cao th\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1, k\u1ebb m\u1edbi tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 nhau v\u00e0 ngang nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u00f2ng t\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1n, t\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 S\u1ef1 th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ef1c C\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang danh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba Tr\u00ed, ba \u00d0\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ba tr\u00ed:<\/em> Ba tr\u00ed t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed, \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed v\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed:<\/em> Tr\u00ed n\u00e0y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng sinh; bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 danh, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf. Tr\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tu theo Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f2n theo Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng th\u00ec do tu Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed:<\/em> Tr\u00ed n\u00e0y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 C\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. C\u00e1i tr\u00ed \u1edf tr\u00ean (nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed) ch\u1ec9 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng sinh. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sinh kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. V\u1eady ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ph\u00e1 tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Tr\u00ed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 do Gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed:<\/em> Tr\u00ed n\u00e0y r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7ng (ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed khi t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sinh, ph\u00e1 tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Tr\u00ed n\u00e0y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, do th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Trung qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba tr\u00ed tr\u00ean n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1edd tu ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n: Kh\u00f4ng, Gi\u1ea3, Trung. V\u00ec ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch l\u1ecbch, vi\u00ean dung kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba tr\u00ed c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp kh\u00e1c nhau. Ba tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ebfn \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ba tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, do tu ph\u00e1p \u201cNh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m vi\u00ean qu\u00e1n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0o\u1ea1n v\u0103n sau \u0111\u00e2y, trong b\u1ed9 Ma ha Ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ba tr\u00ed n\u00f3i tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt soi r\u00f5 l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ed7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a b\u1ef1c Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft tr\u00ed. Tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt soi r\u00f5 l\u00fd Gi\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ef1c B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed. Tr\u00ed-hu\u1ec7 soi r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 l\u00fd Kh\u00f4ng, Gi\u1ea3, Trung, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ch\u1ee7ng tr\u00ed… Ba tr\u00ed do m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tu ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ba c\u1ea3nh b\u1ea5t t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb, tr\u00ed \u1ea5y do tu qu\u00e1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7ng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ed. Tr\u00ed \u1ea5y c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ed\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ba \u0111\u1ee9c:<\/em> K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 tu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba Tr\u00ed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba \u00d0\u1ee9c n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eef \u201c\u00d0\u1ee9c\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf th\u1ebf gian, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh. Ba \u0111\u1ee9c \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n:<\/em> Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1edd n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p \u1ea5y m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) \u00d0\u1ee9c B\u00e1t nh\u00e3:<\/em> T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 th\u1ec9 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, r\u00f5 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam kh\u00f4ng b\u1edbt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) \u00d0\u1ee9c Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t:<\/em> Gi\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c; Tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca b\u1ecf c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng (duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u1eadp t\u00f4ng, t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tu ch\u1ee9ng) tuy kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9-m\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u1edf Trung Hoa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 lan tr\u00e0n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Cao Ly v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t-Nam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u00e1p \u201cNh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tam qu\u00e1n\u201d. Nh\u1edd ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ba kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu: V\u1eadt, T\u00e2m, v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0. Ba th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y d\u1ee5 cho s\u00f3ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt. Ba th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi nhau, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 v\u1eabn dung th\u00f4ng nhau, c\u00f9ng nhau h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p: C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ba, c\u1ea3 ba nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n s\u00f3ng m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng m\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec s\u00f3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt, th\u00ec s\u00f3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt, m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u01b0\u1edbt. N\u1ebfu g\u00f3p c\u1ea3 ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t; n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 ba. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng m\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fd ngh\u0129a chung c\u1ee7a Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Mong r\u1eb1ng qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u1ebd \u201ctam t\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c tam\u201d \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111i d\u1ea7n v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p \u201cnh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tam qu\u00e1n\u201d r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u00e1p Hoa T\u00f4ng(Hay Thi\u00ean Thai T\u00f4ng) I. DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI L\u1eacP T\u00d4NG Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eeb B\u1eafc T\u1ebf do ng\u00e0i Hu\u1ec7 V\u0103n Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[114],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phap-mon","tag-10-tong-phai-pg-trung-quoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1692"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1692\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1693,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1692\/revisions\/1693"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1692"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}