{"id":1694,"date":"2020-09-08T19:57:43","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T19:57:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1694"},"modified":"2020-09-09T09:48:52","modified_gmt":"2020-09-09T09:48:52","slug":"10-tong-phai-phat-giao-trung-quoc-hoa-nghiem-tong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/08\/10-tong-phai-phat-giao-trung-quoc-hoa-nghiem-tong\/","title":{"rendered":"10 T\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c – Hoa Nghi\u00eam T\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Hoa Nghi\u00eam T\u00f4ng
(Hay Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7 T\u00f4ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


I. DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI L\u1eacP T\u00d4NG  <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u00d0\u1ed7 Thu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eddi \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2u g\u00f3p \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam, l\u00e0m ra ba b\u1ed9 \u201cPh\u00e1p gi\u1edbi qu\u00e1n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf v\u1ecb ng\u00e0i \u00d0\u1ed7 Thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Nghi\u1ec5m, \u1edf ch\u00f9a Ch\u00ed T\u01b0\u1edbng. Ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Nghi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ed9: \u201cS\u01b0u huy\u1ec1n k\u00fd\u201d, \u201cTh\u1eadp huy\u1ec1n m\u00f4n\u201d, \u201cNg\u0169 th\u1eadp y\u1ebfu v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ecb th\u1eeba k\u1ebf ng\u00e0i Tr\u00ed Nghi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7 qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra b\u1ed9 \u201cTh\u00e1m huy\u1ec1n k\u00fd\u201d v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edb kh\u00e1c, khi\u1ebfn cho Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i. Do \u0111\u00f3, T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7 t\u00f4ng. Sau khi Ng\u00e0i Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7 qua \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt l\u00e2u, kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng H\u00e1n v\u0103n b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, ng\u00e0i Trung Qu\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Thanh L\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0, d\u1ef1a theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ed9 Hoa Nghi\u00eam m\u1edbi d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra b\u1ed9 \u201cHoa Nghi\u00eam s\u1edb sao\u201d, b\u00e0y gi\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a l\u00fd r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, s\u00e2u xa m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. T\u00d4NG CH\u1ec8 V\u00c0 GI\u00c1O L\u00dd C\u0102N B\u1ea2N<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao si\u00eau, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, c\u0103n c\u01a1 minh m\u1eabn, lanh l\u1eb9 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do \u0111\u00f3, Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 quen v\u1edbi l\u1ed1i suy lu\u1eadn tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt. \u00d0em m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd uy\u00ean th\u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ra tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng. Tuy th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Hoa, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 sai kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng trong khi \u0111i\u1ec3m qua t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, g\u1ecdn g\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng mong m\u1ecfi qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 theo d\u00f5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m ch\u00fa s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y n\u00e0y, ng\u00f5 h\u1ea7u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cVi\u00ean gi\u00e1o\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd vi\u00ean dung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cPh\u00e1p gi\u1edbi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi\u201d, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la, t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i, cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 tr\u0103ng sao, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o nhau, l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3, l\u1edbp l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t, dung th\u00f4ng nhau, \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi nhau, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f3. M\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p, trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ri\u00eang r\u1ebd, bi\u1ec7t l\u1eadp m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1i kia, c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1i n\u00e0y. C\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i kia t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, l\u1edbp l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t, cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f4 t\u1eadn duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi\u201d hay \u201ctr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec l\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng duy\u00ean nhau, n\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u dung th\u00f4ng nhau. V\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3, trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau l\u00ean ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u201cS\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111i theo ph\u00e1p quy n\u1ea1p g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e2y, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi: <\/em>S\u1ef1 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1, n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 m\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu hay n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u201cS\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. L\u00fd ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi: <\/em>L\u00fd l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n b\u00ean trong, v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. \u00d0\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng; l\u00fd dung th\u00f4ng kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, tuy t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m H2+O). V\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd t\u00ednh n\u1eefa. \u00d0\u00f3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u201cL\u00fd ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. L\u00fd, S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi:<\/em> Nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y, m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 S\u1ef1 v\u00e0 L\u00fd do n\u01a1i S\u1ef1 m\u00e0 r\u00f5, S\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o L\u00fd m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. L\u00fd v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 dung th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng, s\u00f3ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u00fd, S\u1ef1 trong m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 dung th\u00f4ng th\u00ec L\u00fd, S\u1ef1 trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng dung th\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201cL\u00fd, S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. S\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi: <\/em>Trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng tuy kh\u00e1c nhau, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n tuy b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00fd t\u00ednh l\u1ea1i dung th\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch. Nh\u1edd L\u00fd, m\u00e0 S\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung th\u00f4ng v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec7n, n\u00e0o qu\u1ea1t \u0111i\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e8n \u0111i\u1ec7n, m\u00e1y l\u1ea1nh, \u1ee7i \u0111i\u1ec7n, l\u00f2 \u0111i\u1ec7n,v.v… tuy m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng sai kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng nhau qua lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n chi ph\u1ed1i l\u1eabn nhau, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qua l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c: nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng \u0103n th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, do \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y v\u01a1i, nh\u1edbp s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c h\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n, c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u201cS\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi\u201d th\u00f4i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang h\u1eb3n. Trong hai th\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n kh\u00ed hay nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung cho S\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n hay lu\u1ed3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung cho L\u00fd c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng S\u1ef1 v\u00e0 L\u00fd l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra L\u00fd v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: trong S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 L\u00fd, trong L\u00fd c\u00f3 S\u1ef1. S\u1ef1, L\u00fd ch\u1eb3ng qua l\u00e0 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb, m\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 tri\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 A, B, C, v.v… (S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u00ecnh dung l\u00e0 L (L\u00fd ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u1ea5y dung th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 A=L; B=L; C=L. (L\u00fd, S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1edd l\u00fd t\u00ednh dung th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh dung th\u00f4ng nhau, v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0 A=C, v.v… (S\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00c1U T\u01af\u1edaNG V\u00c0 M\u01af\u1edcI L\u00dd HUY\u1ec0N DI\u1ec6U C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P  <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, s\u1edf d\u0129 S\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, dung th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u201cs\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u\u201d sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00c1U T\u01af\u1edaNG VI\u00caN DUNG<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u1ef1a theo b\u1ed9 kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam, Ng\u00e0i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ra b\u1ed9 \u201cTh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba lu\u1eadn\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng (l\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edbng). S\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean-dung, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, dung th\u00f4ng v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i. S\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/em> T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 khi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i nh\u00e0, l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u1ed9t k\u00e8o, t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1i, \u0111\u00e1, g\u1ea1ch, v.v… V\u1eady c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng: <\/em>Bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 n\u00f3i c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t; nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0: c\u1ed9t, k\u00e8o, m\u00e1i, t\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u1ea1ch, v.v… \u00d0\u00e3 c\u00f3 T\u1ed5ng t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 Bi\u1ec7t; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y g\u00ec m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u00d0\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/em> \u00d0\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng chung c\u00f9ng, dung h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i nhau, kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1i ch\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0 k\u00e8o, c\u1ed9t, t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1i, tuy kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i nhau m\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau chung l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. D\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/em> D\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i kia, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f9ng nhau dung h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 chung; nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t, k\u00e8o, t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1i trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0o gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i n\u00e0o. D\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 100 \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c: 1 t\u1edd 50 \u0111\u1ed3ng, 2 t\u1edd 20 \u0111\u1ed3ng, 1 t\u1edd 10 \u0111\u1ed3ng (50+40+10=100). Nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c 50, 20, 10 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c n\u00e0y to nh\u1ecf, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc kh\u00e1c nhau, l\u00e0 d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1edd b\u1ea1c c\u1ea3, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u201cb\u1ea1c\u201d l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/em> Th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. S\u1ef1 chung c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1i c\u1ed9t, k\u00e8o, t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1i, v.v… V\u1eady c\u00e1i nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t, k\u00e8o, t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1i, v.v… N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y th\u00ed d\u1ee5 100 \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00ec s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u1edd 50 \u0111\u1ed3ng, 20 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 10 \u0111\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1c 100 \u0111\u1ec3 mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/em> Ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 c\u1ed9t, k\u00e8o, t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1i, trong khi h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i nh\u00e0, th\u00ec v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t, k\u00e8o, t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1i, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 c\u1ed9t, k\u00e8o, t\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e1i n\u1eefa. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong khi h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1c 100 \u0111\u1ed3ng, c\u00e1c t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c 50, 20, 10 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1edd gi\u1ea5y b\u1ea1c 50, 20, 10 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn gi\u1eef c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n ra l\u00e0m ba \u0111\u1ed1i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cTam \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1ed5ng, Bi\u1ec7t c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Th\u1ec3.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u00d0\u1ed3ng, D\u1ecb c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 T\u01b0\u1edbng.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u00e0nh, Ho\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 D\u1ee5ng.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea5y con s\u01b0 t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng l\u00e0m th\u00ed d\u1ee5, th\u00ec to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng; m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ri\u00eang r\u1ebd nh\u01b0 tai, m\u1eaft, m\u0169i l\u01b0\u1ee1i l\u00e0 Bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng; ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng; m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 D\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng; m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh con s\u01b0 t\u1eed l\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng; nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea1m vi ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, t\u1ef1 l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5ng, \u00d0\u1ed3ng, Th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, vi\u00ean dung b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec7t, D\u1ecb, Ho\u1ea1i l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi, trong \u1ea5y m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y ri\u00eang r\u1ebd kh\u00e1c nhau. Theo trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam th\u00ec T\u1ed5ng, \u00d0\u1ed3ng, Th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n vi\u00ean dung; c\u00f2n Bi\u1ec7t, D\u1ecb, Ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n h\u00e0ng b\u1ed1 (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9, ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y la li\u1ec7t). M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 sai bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp, vi\u00ean dung kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y t\u1ee9c c\u00e1i kia, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng; t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0103n nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi nhau, dung th\u00f4ng nhau, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t g\u01b0\u01a1ng kia ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o nhau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf g\u00ec nhau. V\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c, t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp, n\u00ean l\u00eca t\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ec7t t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00eca \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00eca th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ho\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, vi\u00ean dung kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca h\u00e0ng b\u1ed1, h\u00e0ng b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca vi\u00ean dung, vi\u00ean dung t\u1ee9c h\u00e0ng b\u1ed1 h\u00e0ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 vi\u00ean dung. H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee7 s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng vi\u00ean dung t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, t\u1ee9c, nh\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 6 t\u01b0\u1edbng vi\u00ean dung. \u00d0\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Hoa Nghi\u00eam nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u01af\u1edcI L\u00dd HUY\u1ec0N DI\u1ec6U C\u1ee6A C\u00c1C PH\u00c1P HAY M\u01af\u1edcI HUY\u1ec0N M\u00d4N  <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u, hay m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u, m\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam s\u1edb sao v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 Tham Huy\u1ec1n K\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. M\u00f4n \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng\u201d<\/em> (\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u1ee5 t\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng): Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 trong m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7, h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00ed v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n s\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. M\u00f4n \u201cr\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u1eb9p t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i\u201d<\/em> (qu\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7p t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i): Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Nh\u1edd c\u00e1i l\u00fd dung th\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea3y l\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u00e1i h\u01b0 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ed9ng. M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i h\u01b0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m g\u1ecdn trong \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea3y l\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eadt. \u00d0\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, S\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, dung th\u00f4ng, th\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 r\u1ed9ng h\u1eb9p, l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng danh t\u1eeb su\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c: m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 vi tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u0169 tr\u1ee5; m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t vi tr\u1ea7n. Cho n\u00ean kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p: \u201cTrong m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y tr\u1ea7n, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00f5i n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i an tr\u1ee5\u201d. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, kinh th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y: \u201cS\u1ef1 nh\u1edd L\u00fd m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c dung th\u00f4ng, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. M\u00f4n \u201cm\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u dung nhau kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u201d<\/em> (nh\u1ea5t, \u0111a t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng): Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 dung n\u1ea1p l\u1eabn nhau, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t (an l\u1eadp) c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 mu\u00f4n ng\u00e0n ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t gian nh\u00e0, ng\u1ecdn n\u00e0y ng\u1ecdn kia l\u1eabn hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0ng ng\u1ecdn n\u00e0o v\u1eabn c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. M\u00f4n \u201cc\u00e1c ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i\u201d <\/em>(ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i): Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f9ng dung, c\u00f9ng t\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i nhau. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p khi b\u1ecf m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p kia; n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ebfp th\u00e2u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kia l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea5y. C\u0169ng v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0ng v\u1edbi s\u1eafc v\u00e0ng, hai ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. M\u00f4n \u201c\u1ea9n m\u1eadt t\u1ecf r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>(b\u00ed m\u1eadt \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n c\u00e2u th\u00e0nh): Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kia \u1ea9n; khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kia \u1ea9n, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u00e0y hi\u1ec3n; trong \u1ea9n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3n; trong hi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u1ea9n; \u1ea9n  hi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eafp \u0111\u1ed5i nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. S\u1ef1 \u1ea9n hi\u1ec3n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i n\u00e0o sau c\u00e1i n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i, ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhau. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng v\u00e0ng, khi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u00e0ng. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p hi\u1ec3n th\u00ec v\u00e0ng \u1ea9n, khi v\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. M\u00f4n \u201cvi t\u1ebf dung nhau, an l\u1eadp\u201d<\/em> (vi t\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng dung an l\u1eadp): Vi t\u1ebf ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m m\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bao tr\u00f9m m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u00e1 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nhau. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, m\u1ed7i h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, m\u1ed7i nguy\u00ean t\u1eed g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n: M\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u dung nhau v\u00e0 an l\u1eadp trong nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. M\u00f4n \u201cc\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f5ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0 la\u201d<\/em> (Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0 la v\u00f5ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi): Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0 la t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u1eef Indra l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch. Theo B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, th\u00ec tr\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0 la, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i m\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng b\u1eedu ch\u00e2u; m\u1ed7i h\u1ea1t b\u1eedu ch\u00e2u ch\u00f3i hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ea1t n\u00e0y h\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu nhau, ch\u00f3i s\u00e1ng l\u1eabn nhau, l\u1edbp l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. M\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: trong m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, trong nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n m\u00e3i l\u00ean cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. Kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p: \u201cH\u1ebft th\u1ea3y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1edbi Nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e0 la\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. M\u00f4n \u201cnh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 r\u00f5 ph\u00e1p, sinh tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft\u201d <\/em>(th\u00e1c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p sinh gi\u1ea3i): Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd S\u1ef1 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c L\u00fd; nh\u01b0ng khi l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5, th\u00ec l\u00fd l\u1ea1i lan r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u xa qua nhi\u1ec1u S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c. \u00d0\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i tr\u00ed hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft lan r\u1ed9ng dung th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 v\u1ebft d\u1ea7u lan tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t tia l\u1eeda c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eebng ch\u00e1y r\u1ea5t xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. M\u00f4n \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p d\u1ecb th\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>(th\u1eadp th\u1ebf c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1p d\u1ecb th\u00e0nh): \u00d0\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i th\u1eddi gian m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nhau t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i qua t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng. T\u1ea1i sao chia th\u1eddi gian th\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chia l\u00e0m ba \u0111\u1eddi? \u00d0\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n chia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, tinh vi, trong kinh chia m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau: trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u0169ng v\u1eady: ba \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1eddi l\u1ea1i chia nh\u1ecf l\u00e0m ba th\u00e0nh ch\u00edn. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu chia nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t so s\u00e1nh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean v\u1ec1 ch\u00edn ni\u1ec7m bi\u1ec7t \u1ea5y, c\u00f2n c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed5ng (t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t) n\u1eefa, th\u00e0nh ra m\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. M\u00f4n \u201cch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u201d <\/em>(ch\u1ee7, b\u1ea1n, vi\u00ean minh c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ee9c): Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean: c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu ta l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n. Ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1edbp l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng s\u00e1ng tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, chung quanh \u0111oanh v\u00e2y nh\u1eefng v\u00ec sao nh\u1ea5p nh\u00e1y, r\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, ao h\u1ed3, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng tr\u0103ng sao \u1edf tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam r\u1ea1ng r\u1ee1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00fd huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1u t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao \u201cS\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i\u201d trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t cach \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u201ctr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi\u201d m\u00e0 Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TU H\u00c0NH<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u00e2u xa m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i cao si\u00eau, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh tu h\u00e0nh. T\u1ef1u trung, trong c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y, ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1n:<\/em> \u201cCh\u00e2n\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng; \u201cKh\u00f4ng\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng chi ph\u1ed1i, ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean\u201dl\u00fd ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi\u201d m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t v\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh, r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh, khi\u1ebfn cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb s\u1eafc ng\u0103n ng\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng; th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1eb3n (\u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng) m\u00e0 to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n t\u00ednh. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3i gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u201cl\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 (l\u00fd ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi) l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng\u201d (\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. L\u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n: <\/em>Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y y theo \u201cl\u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi\u201d m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra. \u201cL\u00fd\u201d l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh thanh t\u1ecbnh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t; \u201cS\u1ef1\u201d l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1eadn h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. L\u00fd, S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 trong ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 L\u00fd v\u00e0 S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i ch\u1ed1ng nhau, ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch nhau, m\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, dung th\u00f4ng nhau. L\u00fd, S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t, vi\u00ean dung kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cL\u00fd, S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1i s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y tr\u1ea7n m\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i l\u00fd c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qua c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01b0 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ee9t ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ch\u00e2u bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0m dung qu\u00e1n:<\/em> Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1i l\u00fd \u201cS\u1ef1 S\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi\u201d m\u00e0 l\u1eadp ra. \u201cCh\u00e2u bi\u1ebfn\u201d l\u00e0 lan ra, bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3; \u201cH\u00e0m dung\u201d l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m, th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp h\u1ebft, dung th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. \u201cCh\u00e2u bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0m dung qu\u00e1n\u201d l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i nhau, l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf tr\u00f9m nhau, dung nhi\u1ebfp l\u1eabn nhau, l\u1edbp l\u1edbp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t, \u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp, th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp, dung th\u00f4ng nhau cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, tr\u00f9m ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 bao la.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1i L\u00fd n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t S\u1ef1, r\u1ed3i do m\u1ed9t S\u1ef1 \u1ea5y m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y r\u00f5. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1n m\u1ecdi S\u1ef1 t\u1ee9c n\u01a1i L\u00fd, r\u1ed3i theo L\u00fd \u1ea5y m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u dung th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. QU\u1ea2 V\u1eca TU CH\u1ee8NG<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gian t\u01b0\u1edbng; n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u1ebf gian t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ngay trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n v\u1ecdng, kh\u1eed tr\u1eeb \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1c quan r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang sinh v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng sai c\u00e1ch: kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh; gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tr\u00ean l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hoa Nghi\u00eam t\u00f4ng v\u00ec y theo b\u1ed9 kinh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o h\u1ea1ng vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec l\u00e0 vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o cho n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u0103n tr\u00ed th\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i m\u1edbi tu theo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mu\u1ed1n l\u1ef1a con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc cho k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o. N\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, qu\u00e1 cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, n\u00ean t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu qu\u00fd v\u1ecb n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd huy\u1ec1n di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di\u1ec5m ph\u00fac l\u1edbn. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb s\u1ebd n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb thanh cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u0169ng mau \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch, v\u00ec qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e8o theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai \u201cgi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d. Bao gi\u1edd con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 tr\u00e8o, nh\u01b0ng mau \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00edch h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng quanh co. Trong v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tu h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng v\u1eady<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hoa Nghi\u00eam T\u00f4ng(Hay Hi\u1ec1n Th\u1ee7 T\u00f4ng) I. DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI L\u1eacP T\u00d4NG   T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 theo gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a trong kinh Hoa Nghi\u00eam l\u00e0\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[114],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1694","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phap-mon","tag-10-tong-phai-pg-trung-quoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1694","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1694"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1694\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1695,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1694\/revisions\/1695"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1694"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1694"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1694"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1694"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}