{"id":1696,"date":"2020-09-08T19:59:03","date_gmt":"2020-09-08T19:59:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1696"},"modified":"2020-09-09T09:48:47","modified_gmt":"2020-09-09T09:48:47","slug":"10-tong-phai-phat-giao-trung-quoc-tam-luan-tong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/08\/10-tong-phai-phat-giao-trung-quoc-tam-luan-tong\/","title":{"rendered":"10 T\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Trung Qu\u1ed1c – Tam Lu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1ede Trung Tam Lu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng
(Hay T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng T\u00f4ng)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n


I. DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI L\u1eacP T\u00d4NG<\/em><\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ba b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. B\u1ed9 Trung lu\u1eadn,<\/em> g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n quy\u1ec3n, do ng\u00e0i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd l\u00e0m ra, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1 sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. B\u1ed9 B\u00e1ch lu\u1eadn, <\/em>g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai quy\u1ec3n, do ng\u00e0i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u00d0\u1ec1 B\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u00e8m m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 ph\u00e1 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. B\u1ed9 Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb M\u00f4n lu\u1eadn, <\/em>g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n, c\u0169ng do ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd l\u00e0m ra, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u00e1 c\u1ea3 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ba b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf ngh\u0129a l\u00fd s\u00e2u xa, m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u1edf Trung Hoa trong \u0111\u1eddi Dao T\u1ea7n do c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp, v\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi \u00d0\u01b0\u1eddng do c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u00d0\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Gia T\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

II. T\u00d4NG CH\u1ec8 V\u00c0 GI\u00c1O L\u00dd C\u0102N B\u1ea2N<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ba b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p, n\u00eau b\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/em> Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1i hay t\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u r\u00f5 l\u00fd ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0 t\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, t\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3, v.v… nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p n\u1ea7y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3 ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba T\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0m t\u00f4ng:<\/em> Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba T\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0m t\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 C\u00e2u X\u00e1 t\u00f4ng. T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00fd ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 n\u01a1i th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00f3. Quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt t\u00f4ng: <\/em>T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, tuy ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u00e3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1eadt \u201cc\u00f3\u201d (th\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba: <\/em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu v\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ea l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3, ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3, ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n, ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00f4m ch\u1eb7t c\u00e1i s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecmh, nghe n\u00f3i \u201cc\u00f3\u201d th\u00ec sa v\u00e0o c\u00f3, nghe n\u00f3i \u201ckh\u00f4ng\u201d th\u00ec tr\u1ec7 v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng, nghe n\u00f3i \u201ctrung \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d th\u00ec ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1 t\u00e0 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh th\u00ec nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Xin th\u01b0a: Ph\u00e1 h\u1ebft t\u00e0, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh. Ph\u00e1 c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1eadp. Tr\u1eeb m\u00ea t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1, th\u1eddi ch\u00ednh l\u00fd t\u1ef1 b\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 t\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00fd n\u00e0o ri\u00eang n\u1eefa.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 \u201cTam lu\u1eadn huy\u1ec1n ngh\u0129a\u201d c\u00f3 n\u00f3i: S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 t\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ph\u00e1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Th\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u00e2u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. C\u0169ng ph\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u00e2u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u00e2u l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p khi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb ba lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, quy v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng: \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 xa l\u00eca n\u00f3i ph\u00f4, b\u1eb7t d\u1ee9t ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2u.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1 t\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh tr\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1n ch\u1eef sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u201cTrung \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd vi\u00ean dung c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1t b\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e1m c\u00e1i \u201cB\u1ea5t\u201d (ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t sinh, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb, b\u1ea5t lai, b\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00e1m c\u00e1i \u201cB\u1ea5t\u201d \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nghe b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00e2y trong \u201cTrung \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d th\u00ec r\u00f5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t sinh, di\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng, di\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, di\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ea5t lai, di\u1ec7t b\u1ea5t xu\u1ea5t<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft th\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7t ch\u01b0 h\u00fd lu\u1eadn<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ng\u00e3 kh\u1ec3 th\u1ee7 l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt  <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft trung \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t .<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n tr\u00ean n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng Phan V\u0103n H\u00f9m, trong quy\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu trong hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u sinh di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Sinh di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, m\u00e0 b\u1edfi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00ea v\u1ecdng n\u00ean sinh ra gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu.  <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c v\u00ec v\u1ecdng ki\u1ebfn, n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00e2n tr\u00ed th\u1eddi ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng … Si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i quan ni\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ea5y. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i quan ni\u1ec7m tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i \u1ea5y, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh ra.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p tuy l\u00e0 h\u1eefu nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 l\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu. H\u1eefu, m\u00e0 phi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eefu l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu. Gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu tuy l\u00e0 h\u1eefu m\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu. H\u1eefu m\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu, th\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec? Cho n\u00ean ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p tuy l\u00e0 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0ng uy\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng .<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u00fd th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, tuy l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch, b\u1ea5t sinh di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 b\u1edfi n\u00f3 sinh ra ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu. \u00d0\u00e3 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu, th\u1eddi m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00fd th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 l\u00e0 phi kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u1eefu c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c g\u00ec? V\u00ec th\u1ebf, r\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tuy l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecbch, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 uy\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1eefu.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng, hai c\u00e1i to\u00e0n nhi\u00ean c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ed7n hi\u1ec7p.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung \u0111\u1ea1o ra ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

III. BA TH\u1edcI GI\u00c1O L\u00dd<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n t\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng b\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba hay \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3. V\u1eady, b\u00e1c c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp b\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadt ra, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t chung l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i v\u1ecb l\u00e0 m\u1eb7n. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ra c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u01b0\u01a1ng y gi\u1ecfi t\u00f9y theo ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 cho thu\u1ed1c, thu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng cao th\u1ea5p, l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 hay. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf, c\u0103n c\u01a1 ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nhau, cho n\u00ean ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u0169ng t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 sai bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng, th\u00ec gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt chia l\u00e0m ba th\u1eddi k\u1ef3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3 v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u0103n tr\u00ed h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3.<\/em> Trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, th\u1ea7n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u201cph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sinh\u201d, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai, Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u0103n tr\u00ed b\u1eadc trung, n\u00f3i \u201cph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba\u201d, ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd duy th\u1ee9c \u201cc\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng t\u00e2m c\u00f3\u201d <\/em>(th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c th\u1eadt c\u00f3). C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a Nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba v\u1ec1 l\u00fd duy\u00ean sinh th\u1eadt c\u00f3, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u00fd duy\u00ean sinh \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 tu\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u201cgi\u1ea3 h\u1eefu\u201d l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00ecu d\u1eaft h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 ba, Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed n\u00f3i ra gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u201cv\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba\u201d, bi\u1ec7n b\u1ea1ch t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng<\/em>, m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n li\u1ec5u ngh\u0129a. \u00d0\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean sinh \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, vi\u00ean dung c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ebf (ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf) kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, (tam th\u1eeba) v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng, t\u00e2m c\u00f3. Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba, v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u201cch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

IV. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P TU H\u00c0NH<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n \u1edf tr\u00ean, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 t\u00e0, v\u00e0 do ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1 t\u00e0 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n ch\u00ednh. V\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 sai l\u1ea7m ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u201cb\u00e1t b\u1ea5t trung \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e1t b\u1ea5t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: B\u1ea5t sinh, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t; b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng; b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb; b\u1ea5t kh\u1ee9, b\u1ea5t lai. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1m m\u00f3n \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf; m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a trung \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u201cb\u00e1t b\u1ea5t\u201d; ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u1ea5t sinh, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t\u201d; giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 \u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong m\u1ed7i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n n\u0103m c\u00e2u:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: <\/em>\u201cTh\u1eadt c\u00f3 sinh, th\u1eadt c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t\u201d. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1eadt c\u00f3 sinh di\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gian th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u00e1c. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n t\u1ee5c (\u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c), t\u1ee9c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p (ch\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t b\u00ean), ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi trung \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 hai:<\/em> \u201cKh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t\u201d. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t l\u00e0m th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 b\u00e1c. Ch\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n ch\u00e2n, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi trung \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 ba:<\/em> \u201cGi\u1ea3 sinh gi\u1ea3 di\u1ec7t\u201d. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh di\u1ec7t ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. \u00d0\u00e2y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 t\u01b0:<\/em> \u201cGi\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t sinh, gi\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t\u201d. N\u1ebfu sinh di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3, th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. C\u00e2u th\u1ee9 n\u0103m:<\/em> \u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sinh di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh di\u1ec7t\u201d. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 dung hi\u1ec7p c\u1ea3 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra l\u00fd trung \u0111\u1ea1o. Th\u1eadt v\u1eady, th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng sinh di\u1ec7t , m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng sinh di\u1ec7t. \u00d0\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb7t d\u1ee9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u00f4, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd tr\u1ef1c quan m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi. 

Trong n\u0103m c\u00e2u n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ba c\u00e2u cu\u1ed1i (t\u1eeb c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 ba \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 n\u0103m) th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam trung (ba l\u00fd trung \u0111\u1ea1o). V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean trong ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: d\u00f9ng n\u0103m c\u00e2u v\u00e0 ba l\u00fd trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong ph\u00e1p \u201cqu\u00e1n trung \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t\u201d. Sau khi qu\u00e1n h\u1ebft giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u201cb\u1ea5t sinh, b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t\u201d, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft t\u00e1m c\u00e1i \u201cb\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu h\u00e0nh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n t\u00f9y theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 m\u00e0 tu c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V. QU\u1ea2 V\u1eca TU CH\u1ee8NG<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tu ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n m\u00e0 x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf:<\/em> N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf m\u00e0 x\u00e9t th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee9ng hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng, th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec m\u00ea ng\u1ed9 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng, nhi\u1ec5m t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh x\u01b0a nay l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. T\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf:<\/em> N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, th\u00ec c\u0103n c\u01a1 ch\u00fang sinh kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 tu ch\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eadm c\u00f3 mau. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u01a1 r\u1ea5t lanh l\u1ee3i, th\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u201cch\u00ednh qu\u00e1n b\u00e1t b\u1ea5t\u201d, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u0103n c\u01a1 ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t, th\u00ec tr\u1ea3i qua ba \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp tu h\u00e0nh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua 52 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb. Trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 52 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 n\u00eau danh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung, \u0111\u1ebfn Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y, khi qua c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i 52 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1. 52 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadp t\u00edn (m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eadc l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c):  <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. T\u00edn t\u00e2m; 2. Tinh t\u1ea5n t\u00e2m; 3. Ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m; 4. \u00d0\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m; 5. Hu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m; 6. Th\u00ed t\u00e2m; 7. Gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m; 8. H\u1ed9 t\u00e2m; 9. Nguy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m; 10. H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5:<\/em> Tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 an tr\u1ee5. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t khi m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m, an tr\u1ee5 n\u01a1i m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh, tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt, d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh. Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Ph\u00e1p t\u00e2m tr\u1ee5; 2. Tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecba tr\u1ee5; 3. Tu h\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5; 4. Sinh qu\u00fd tr\u1ee5; 5. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n tr\u1ee5; 6. Ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m tr\u1ee5; 7. B\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i tr\u1ee5; 8. \u00d0\u1ed3ng ch\u00e2n tr\u1ee5; 9. Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed tr\u1ee5; 10. Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3nh tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh:<\/em> M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng tu h\u1ea1nh l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh. M\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Hoan h\u1ef7 h\u1ea1nh; 2. Nhi\u00eau \u00edch h\u1ea1nh; 3. V\u00f4 u\u1ebf h\u1ea1nh; 4. V\u00f4 t\u1eadn h\u1ea1nh; 5. Ly si lo\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh; 6. Thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh; 7. V\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh; 8. T\u00f4ng tr\u1ecdng h\u1ea1nh; 9. Thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh; 10. Ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng:<\/em> H\u1ed3i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xoay v\u1ec1, H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111em m\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 quy h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ba n\u01a1i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a) Xoay s\u1ef1 v\u1ec1 l\u00fd, l\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt t\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

b) Xoay nh\u00e2n v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 s\u1edf c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) Xoay m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ph\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. C\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, ly ch\u00fang sinh t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. B\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ed1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u0110\u1eb3ng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng: ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Ch\u00ed nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf x\u1ee9 h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap ch\u00fang sinh m\u1ed7i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u chu \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. V\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ea1ng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. T\u00f9y thu\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u0103n l\u00e0nh b\u1ec1n ch\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. \u00d0\u1eb3ng t\u00e2m t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf ch\u00fang sinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111em t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. V\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ean n\u00e0y (Th\u1eadp t\u00edn, Th\u1eadp tr\u1ee5, Th\u1eadp h\u1ea1nh, Th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng) n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfp A t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba:<\/em> M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eadc n\u00e0y, v\u00ec t\u00f3m th\u00e2u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u1ef1a ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 cho s\u1ef1 tu h\u00e0nh, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1ecba. M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Hoan h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba; 2. Ly kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba; 3. Ph\u00e1p quang \u0111\u1ecba; 4. Di\u1ec7m hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba; 5. Nan th\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecba; 6. Hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba; 7. Vi\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba; 8. B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba; 9. Thi\u1ec7n hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ecba; 10. Ph\u00e1p v\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ba t\u00e2m: Nh\u1eadp, Tr\u1ee5, Xu\u1ea5t. Khi v\u1eeba b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc n\u00e0o, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m. Trong l\u00fac \u1edf y\u00ean trong b\u1eadc \u1ea5y m\u00e0 tu, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 t\u00e2m. Sau khi tu t\u1eadp l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i, c\u1ea7n b\u01b0\u1edbc qua b\u1eadc kh\u00e1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. Ba t\u00e2m \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp. T\u1eeb khi nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 S\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba (t\u1ee9c Hoan h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ecba) \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecba (t\u1ee9c Vi\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba) ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp A t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 hai. T\u1eeb B\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecba (t\u1ee9c B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ecba) \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba (t\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p v\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba) thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfp A t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d0\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c: <\/em>Khi \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3n qu\u1ea3 Th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00d0\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c:<\/em> T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00ed gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng phu tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c. B\u1eadc n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00e1c l\u1eadu nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u00e1p g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa, n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f4 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

VI. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN  <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean, Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u201cl\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 l\u00e0m t\u1eadp\u201d, ph\u00e1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba T\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e0m, c\u1ee7a Th\u00e0nh Th\u1eadt t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea7m \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e2u kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u0111i. Nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1eadm b\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i d\u1eb9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh b\u00f3ng ph\u1ec9nh ph\u1edd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i v\u1eadt tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t khi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 d\u1eb9p ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00ec ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n b\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo thi\u1ec3n ki\u1ebfn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Tu nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1eeda \u1ea2i: nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u1eeb Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba hay \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Th\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o sang \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u00d0\u1ed1n gi\u00e1o, hay Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ngang c\u1eeda \u1ea2i Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng. \u00d0\u1ebfn c\u1eeda \u1ea2i n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecb l\u1ee5c so\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u1ebfu ai c\u00f2n mang theo m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n h\u00e0nh l\u00fd \u201cch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d g\u00ec, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qua c\u1eeda \u1ea2i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 khi \u0111i qua c\u1eeda \u1ea2i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng, sinh, di\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ecdan, nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ecb, v.v…<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1eady ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mong m\u1ecfi qu\u00fd v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed mu\u1ed1n \u0111i xa v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Trung \u0111\u1ea1o hay Vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o th\u00ec h\u00e3y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho k\u1ef9 Tam Lu\u1eadn t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fac qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u1ede Trung Tam Lu\u1eadn T\u00f4ng(Hay T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng T\u00f4ng) I. DUY\u00caN KH\u1edeI L\u1eacP T\u00d4NG   T\u00f4ng n\u00e0y c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ba b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn sau \u0111\u00e2y\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[112],"tags":[114],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-phap-mon","tag-10-tong-phai-pg-trung-quoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1696","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1696"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1696\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1697,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1696\/revisions\/1697"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1696"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1696"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1696"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1696"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}