{"id":16974,"date":"2022-03-05T23:29:07","date_gmt":"2022-03-05T16:29:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=16974"},"modified":"2022-03-06T15:20:19","modified_gmt":"2022-03-06T08:20:19","slug":"phat-hoc-tinh-yeu-phat-hoc-can-ban-ht-gioi-duc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/03\/05\/phat-hoc-tinh-yeu-phat-hoc-can-ban-ht-gioi-duc\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc tinh y\u1ebfu ( Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n) &#8211; HT Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Minh \u0110\u1ee9c Tri\u1ec1u T\u00e2m \u1ea2nh<br>(T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c \u2013 S\u012blagu\u1e47a Bhikkhu)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC C\u0102N B\u1ea2N<br>(In l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba \u2013 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee7 S\u00e1ch Huy\u1ec1n Kh\u00f4ng S\u01a1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<br>PL. 2563 \u2013 TL. 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">File PDF c\u0169 down tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng : <a href=\"http:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">http:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc.pdf <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">File PDF \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda th\u00eam link d\u1ec5 tra c\u1ee9u h\u01a1n : <a href=\"http:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc.pdf\"> <\/a><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc[tamhoc.org].pdf\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc[tamhoc.org].pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Giao th\u1ee9c https  <a href=\"https:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc[tamhoc.org].pdf\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc[tamhoc.org].pdf\">https:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc[tamhoc.org].pdf <\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">File docx <a href=\"https:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc.tamhoc.org.docx\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/images.mtviet.com\/filechiase\/Phat_hoc_tinh_yeu.HT_Gioi_Duc.tamhoc.org.docx<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1 s\u1ed1 link kh\u00e1c : <a href=\"https:\/\/hoangphap.org\/minh-duc-trieu-tam-anh-phat-hoc-tinh-yeu\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/hoangphap.org\/minh-duc-trieu-tam-anh-phat-hoc-tinh-yeu\/\">https:\/\/hoangphap.org\/minh-duc-trieu-tam-anh-phat-hoc-tinh-yeu\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/minh-duc-trieu-tam-anh-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-16975\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xem 1 s\u1ed1 video mp3 gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p : https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/30\/phat-hoc-can-ban-ht-gioi-duc\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-tam-h\u1ecdc wp-block-embed-tam-h\u1ecdc\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"Kk6U5WzPEv\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/30\/phat-hoc-can-ban-ht-gioi-duc\/\">Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n &#8211; HT Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201cPh\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u2013 HT Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c\u201d \u2014 T\u00e2m h\u1ecdc\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/30\/phat-hoc-can-ban-ht-gioi-duc\/embed\/#?secret=chmsSpaHWi#?secret=Kk6U5WzPEv\" data-secret=\"Kk6U5WzPEv\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ee7 S\u00e1ch Huy\u1ec1n Kh\u00f4ng S\u01a1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng PL. 2563 \u2013 TL. 2019<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed0I C\u1ea2NH V\u0102N H\u00d3A, X\u00c3 H\u1ed8I, <strong>T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O, T\u00cdN NG\u01af\u1ee0NG TH\u1edcI \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0110\u1eb7c Tr\u01b0ng V\u0103n Ho\u00e1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hay b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. B\u1eafc l\u00e0 d\u00e3y Himalaya cao ng\u1ea5t t\u1ea7ng m\u00e2y, quanh n\u0103m tuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee7. T\u00e2y B\u1eafc l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sa m\u1ea1c thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a. Nam v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam ti\u1ebfp \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u01b0\u01a1ng thuy\u1ec1n sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Malaysia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand&#8230;t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u01afu th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd l\u00e0 nh\u1edd con s\u00f4ng Ga\u1e45g\u0101 v\u00e0 con s\u00f4ng Indus c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean m\u00e0u m\u1ee1, tr\u00fa ph\u00fa; n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ph\u00e1t t\u00edch nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a; m\u00e0, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t cao, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh c\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1eed gia n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, th\u1eddi v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf Asoka, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Iran, Irak, Syrie&#8230; ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dravidien chi\u1ebfm \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u1ed5i tr\u1ed9i nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt quanh l\u01b0u v\u1ef1c c\u00e1c con s\u00f4ng Ga\u1e45g\u0101 v\u00e0 Indus \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea5u t\u00edch c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5y b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m m\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Babylon. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dravidien tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng Aryan t\u1eeb T\u00e2y B\u1eafc tr\u00e0n xu\u1ed1ng, x\u00e2m l\u0103ng v\u00e0 chinh ph\u1ee5c x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, kho\u1ea3ng 1500 \u0111\u1ebfn 2000 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo v\u1edbi g\u00f3t ng\u1ef1a vi\u1ec5n chinh, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh v\u00f5 l\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aryan th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean k\u1ebb b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n sinh ho\u1ea1t&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 qua \u0111i, s\u1ef1 pha tr\u1ed9n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, pha tr\u1ed9n v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Dravidien c\u00f9ng h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c &#8211; tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi &#8211; x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, sau \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>l\u1ea5y kinh V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef) l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh v\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o, T\u00edn Ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ed5 s\u01a1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nhau, h\u1ecd th\u1edd c\u00fang th\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng, th\u1ea7n bi\u1ec3n, th\u1ea7n n\u00fai non, th\u00fa v\u1eadt <em>(v\u1eadt t\u1ed5)&#8230; <\/em>ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t, th\u1ea7n gi\u00f3, th\u1ea7n m\u01b0a, th\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Song song v\u1edbi t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u00e2n gian \u1ea5y, gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Aryan l\u1ea5y b\u1ed9 th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m tin thi\u00eang li\u00eang, l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng. V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt v\u1eady, ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1eadp-\u0111\u1ea1i-th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 c\u00f3 4 b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>Rigveda: <\/strong>G\u1ed3m 1028 b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca, t\u1ebf t\u1ef1, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn kh\u00e1c nhau; trong \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, ch\u00edn ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<ol><li><strong>Yajuveda: <\/strong>N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i <a><\/a>v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n linh.<\/li><\/ol><ol><li><strong>Sam\u0101deva: <\/strong>G\u1ed3m 1549 b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn t\u1ebf th\u00e2n Agi, th\u1ea7n l\u1eeda <sup>(1)<\/sup>.<\/li><\/ol><ol><li><strong>Atthadeva: <\/strong>G\u1ed3m 20 quy\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 731 b\u00e0i th\u00e1nh ca. N\u1ed9i dung l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa v\u00e0 <em>\u201cm\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u01a1n ng\u00f4n\u201d, <\/em>khi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf ma qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i \u00e1ch tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 <sup>(2).<\/sup><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Giai C\u1ea5p X\u00e3 H\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p n\u00ean ph\u00e1t anh s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n <em>(p.Br\u0101hma\u1e47\u0101): <\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb\u201d <\/em>lo<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd c\u00fang, qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1n mi\u1ebfu, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o s\u0129 t\u01b0 t\u1ebf, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ebf c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn trong qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang. L\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng tin \u1ea5y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c cho m\u00ecnh, kho\u00e1c h\u00e0o quang cho m\u00ecnh! Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh giai c\u1ea5p T\u0103ng l\u1eef, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. H\u1ecd b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ed t\u00f4n, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, cha sinh c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> C\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c B\u00e1i h\u1ecfa gi\u00e1o Ba T\u01b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> D\u1ea5u t\u00edch m\u1eadt ch\u00fa, m\u1eadt ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>S\u00e1t-\u0111\u1ebf-l\u1ef5 <em>(p.Khattiya; s.K\u1e63triya): <\/em><\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a vua ch\u00faa, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Gi\u1edbi b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n cho r\u1eb1ng, giai c\u1ea5p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.<\/li><li><strong>V\u1ec7-x\u00e1 <em>(p.Vessa; s.Vai\u015bya): <\/em><\/strong>G\u1ed3m gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u00f4n, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n s\u1ec9 v\u00e0 l\u1ebb, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng, canh t\u00e1c&#8230; H\u1ecd l\u00e0 giai c\u1ea5p trung l\u01b0u, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0103n, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng &#8211; v\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n b\u1ecb tr\u1ecb &#8211; cho h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh ra t\u1eeb b\u1eafp v\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.<\/li><li><strong>Th\u1ee7-\u0111\u00e0-la <em>(p.Sudda, S\u016bdra; s. \u015b\u016bdra): <\/em><\/strong>G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng tay ch\u00e2n n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i: Nh\u01b0 khu\u00e2n v\u00e1c, t\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1n, n\u00f4 b\u1ed9c. H\u1ecd <em>\u201cb\u1ecb\u201d <\/em>sinh ra t\u1eeb b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 h\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec7n d\u00e2n, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 Chi\u00ean-\u0111\u00e0-la <em>(p.Ca\u1e47\u1e0d\u0101la) <\/em>\u1edf t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 giai c\u1ea5p tr\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 <em>\u201cgiai c\u1ea5p\u201d <\/em>ti\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n, h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t, s\u1ed1ng c\u01a1 c\u1ef1c, b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e9t v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i coi khinh, r\u1ebb r\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101 Gotama xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, giai c\u1ea5p S\u00e1t-\u0111\u1ebf-l\u1ef5 n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng l\u00e3nh, \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u 4 t\u1eadp c\u1ea5p, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec gi\u1edbi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 sa s\u00fat, b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t h\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i xin \u0103n! V\u00e0 th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady, giai c\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7-\u0111\u00e0-la lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb coi khinh, k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb; ri\u00eang gi\u1edbi Chi\u00ean-\u0111\u00e0-la th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng ngo\u00e0i r\u00eca x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt ma\u1e47u c\u1ee7a V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n: <em>\u201cGi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ca\u1e47\u1e0d\u0101la kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00ec Ca\u1e47\u1e0d\u0101la kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u01a1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 n\u00f3i l\u00ean t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ea7n m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, th\u1ea7n m\u0103t tr\u0103ng&#8230; c\u1ee7a t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ed5 s\u01a1, qua s\u1ef1 giao thoa v\u0103n h\u00f3a b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba, gi\u1edbi Aryan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n Indra, Varuna, Rudra&#8230; c\u00f3 v\u00f3c d\u00e1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n Zeus v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n Jupiter c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n qua th\u1eddi gian, h\u1ecd h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 Upani\u1e63ads, sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kinh g\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9; xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VI-VIII tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean &#8211; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Br\u0101hman, v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. D\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 3 v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1eb3ng th\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o <em>(Br\u0101hm\u0101), <\/em>th\u1ea7n B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n <em>(Vi\u1e63\u1e47u), <\/em>v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n H\u1ee7y Di\u1ec7t <em>(\u015aiva) <\/em>&#8211; theo \u0111\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><a><\/a>c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai th\u00e0nh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc: Sanh, tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u1eefng B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- S\u00e1u b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 Upani\u1e63ads l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n uy c\u1ee7a V\u1ec7- \u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u00c1o-ngh\u0129a-th\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.1- Ph\u00e1i V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0n-\u0111\u00e0 <em>(Ved\u0101nta): <\/em><\/strong>Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 B\u0101dar\u0101ya\u1e47a. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed9 Upani\u1e63ads, l\u1ea5y Br\u0101hman l\u00e0m t\u1ed5ng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 sinh v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. C\u00f2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh, m\u1ed9t Atman <em>(ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3) <\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u00f4 \u0111\u01a1n, ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi t\u1eeb Br\u0101hman, b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea7n do nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c v\u00e0 do si m\u00ea c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Khi n\u00e0o Atman \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh <em>l\u00e0-m\u1ed9t-v\u1edbi- Br\u0101hman, <\/em>c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh thanh t\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i, bi\u1ebft tu t\u1eadp, bi\u1ebft c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, bi\u1ebft t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 th\u00ec Atman s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i <sup>(3).<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.2- Ph\u00e1i L\u00fd lu\u1eadn <em>(Ny\u0101ya): <\/em><\/strong>Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n ph\u00e1t sinh m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb r\u1ea5t hay l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n sinh m\u00e0 l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 vui, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf. V\u00ec v\u00f4 minh, si m\u00ea d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eafm say, \u0111\u1ecda l\u1ea1c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i. Ai gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3, v\u1ecb tha, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0, bi\u1ebft tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n, l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ai \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, gian tham, b\u1ee7n x\u1ec9n, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng th\u00ec t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn. Tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho v\u00e0i tri\u1ebft gia sau n\u00e0y thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf <em>\u201cng\u0169 \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn\u201d <\/em><sup>(4)<\/sup> m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 logic v\u00e0 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa <em>\u201ctam \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn\u201d <\/em><sup>(5)<\/sup> c\u1ee7a Aristote<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n. V\u00e0, <em>\u201cb\u1ea3n lai thanh t\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng\u201d <\/em>n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(4)<\/sup> L\u00e0 l\u1ed1i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111i qua 5 b\u01b0\u1edbc: Lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00ed d\u1ee5, suy \u0111o\u00e1n, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1. \u0110\u1ed3i c\u00f3 l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y.2. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3i b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i. 3. C\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1eeda, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 b\u1ebfp l\u00f2. 4. \u0110\u1ed3i b\u1ed1c kh\u00f3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda. 5. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed3i c\u00f3 l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(5)<\/sup> L\u00e0 l\u1ed1i l\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111i qua 3 b\u01b0\u1edbc: \u0110\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1, ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1, k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: 1. C\u00f3 kh\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eeda. 2. Tr\u00ean n\u00fai c\u00f3 kh\u00f3i. 3. V\u1eady tr\u00ean n\u00fai c\u00f3 l\u1eeda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c\u1ed5 Hy L\u1ea1p. C\u00f2n t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp, s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t m\u00f9 m\u1edd. L\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng l\u00e0m sao, t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn hay ho n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: Gautama <em>(Gotama). <\/em>Tri\u1ebft h\u1ec7 Ny\u0101ya, m\u00f4n lu\u1eadn l\u00fd h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0, mu\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00fd lu\u1eadn qua n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n cho tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1ea1t d\u1ee5ng. C\u00f2n sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec sao? Ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u1ea9u v\u1edbi nhau, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nhau, h\u1ea1 b\u1ec7 nhau \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng vang, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n tr\u00ean lu\u1eadn tr\u01b0\u1eddng! V\u00e0 ngay ch\u00ednh Ny\u0101ya nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, d\u00f9 l\u00fd lu\u1eadn hay c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn quay, tham s\u00e2n si v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 s\u1ea7u bi kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.3- Ph\u00e1i Th\u1eafng lu\u1eadn <em>(Vai\u015be\u1e63ika): <\/em><\/strong>Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, nh\u00e2n sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, thi\u00eang li\u00eang, cao c\u1ea3 chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. Ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo ba nguy\u00ean l\u00fd: Th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh quan th\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi t\u00e1m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: Atman <em>(linh h\u1ed3n, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3), <\/em>\u00fd, m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c. V\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c n\u00ean ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi. Mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i tu tr\u00ec kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i cao, th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng <em>(Br\u0101hman).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tri\u1ebft h\u1ec7 Vai\u015be\u1e63ika, th\u1eafng lu\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp l\u00e0 Ka\u1e47\u0101da, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ef1c vi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. T\u1ea1i sao, c\u00e1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng, v\u00f4 tri c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ebf gian, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi? R\u1ed3i khi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \u00f4ng s\u00e1ng t\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf si\u00eau n\u0103ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.4- Ph\u00e1i Nh\u0129-m\u1ea1n-sai <em>(M\u012bm\u0101ms\u0101): <\/em><\/strong>H\u1ecd ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n l\u00fd lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh th\u01b0 V\u1ec7-\u0111\u00e0, tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam nh\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n thu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng mai sau b\u1eb1ng hy sinh, kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, ni\u1ec7m ch\u00fa ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf. Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft h\u1ec7 M\u012bm\u0101ms\u0101, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Jaimini, v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1edb v\u1ea9n, ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nghi\u00eam nh\u1eb7t c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, b\u00f9a ch\u00fa, b\u00ed thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 th\u00f4i! N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. H\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t hay r\u1eb1ng: N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 hay ki\u00eau c\u0103ng t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n; c\u00e1i b\u1ea7u tham d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay hu\u00eanh hoang m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ee9c! \u00d4ng Jaimini d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ebf l\u1ec5, t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111i th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.5- Ph\u00e1i S\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn <em>(S\u0101mkhya): <\/em><\/strong>Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Kapila, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c l\u00e0 hai ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai <em>\u201cth\u1ef1c th\u1ec3\u201d <\/em>ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 6 th\u1ee9c. Ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 15 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 6 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 15 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u0103ng hoa, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi si\u00eau nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi 21 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m v\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp sinh t\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 lu\u1eadn v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfm, c\u1ecdng tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.6- Ph\u00e1i Du-gi\u00e0 <em>(Yoga): <\/em><\/strong>Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Pata\u00f1jali. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng luy\u1ec7n t\u00e2m, tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, kh\u00f4ng gian d\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng tham lam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m th\u1ec3 ch\u00ed t\u00f4n <em>(Br\u0101hman), <\/em>h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n ng\u00e3. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u00e1m con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Yoga: \u0110i\u1ec1u v\u1eadn c\u01a1 b\u1eafp trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3; tr\u1ea7m t\u01b0 v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c Yoga, kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00e2n x\u00e1c; t\u1ecda th\u1ecb b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng; gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u h\u01a1i th\u1edf, n\u00edn th\u1edf; b\u1ebf t\u1ecfa gi\u00e1c quan <em>(\u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn ng\u0169 c\u0103n); <\/em>ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, c\u00f4ng \u00e1n; t\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Yogi &#8211; t\u1ee9c h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 Du- gi\u00e0. H\u1ecd quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, l\u00fac \u1ea5y, Atman m\u1edbi th\u0103ng hoa, th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi Br\u0101hman th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1u ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c duy t\u00e2m lu\u1eadn, r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>2- S\u00e1u b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ngo\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, trong kinh s\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c s\u01b0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1- P\u016bra\u1e47a-Kassapa <em>(ph\u00e1i Ph\u00fa-nan-\u0111\u00e0 Ca-di\u1ebfp): <\/em><\/strong>Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn <em>(akiriy\u0101di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi) <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o g\u00ec. \u00c1c hay thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2- Makkhali-Gos\u0101la <em>(ph\u00e1i M\u1ea1t-gi\u00e0-l\u00ea C\u00e2u-x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i): <\/em><\/strong>Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn <em>(ahetukadi\u1e6d\u1e6dhi). <\/em>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh hay nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Sau qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, h\u1ebft c\u00e1i qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ai ai c\u0169ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.3- Ajitakesa-Kambal\u012b <em>(ph\u00e1i A-di-\u0111a-k\u1ebf-x\u00e1 Kh\u00e2m-b\u00e0-la): <\/em><\/strong>Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn, h\u01b0 v\u00f4 lu\u1eadn <em>(natthikadi\u1e6d\u1e6dhi). <\/em>Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ebf t\u1ef1, hy sinh, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, k\u1ebb t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Khi ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.4- Pakudha-Kacc\u0101yana <em>(ph\u00e1i B\u00e0-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0 Ca-chi\u00ean-di\u00ean): <\/em><\/strong>Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3y nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1: \u0110\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3, kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, sanh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi ch\u00fang k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p th\u00ec t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i kia, ch\u1eb3ng do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Sinh t\u1eed c\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 do t\u1ee5 t\u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.5- Sa\u00f1jaya-Bela\u1e6d\u1e6dhiputta <em>(ph\u00e1i T\u00e1n-nh\u1ea1-gia-t\u1ef3 La-l\u00ea-t\u1eed): <\/em><\/strong>Thu\u1ed9c ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfn. Th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi quanh co, tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9, tr\u01b0\u1eddn u\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 con l\u01b0\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n, h\u1ecd quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3 &#8211; g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 tri &#8211; n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.6- Niga\u1e47\u1e6dha-N\u0101taputta <em>(ph\u00e1i Ni-ki\u1ec1n-\u0111\u00e0 Nh\u00e3-\u0111\u1ec1-t\u1eed): <\/em><\/strong>Ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m <em>\u201cv\u00f4 th\u1ea7n\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n linh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf t\u1ed1i t\u00f4n, t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. H\u1ecd tu t\u1eadp \u00e9p x\u00e1c, kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <em>\u201cb\u1ea3n-ng\u00e3-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. V\u1ec1 l\u1eadp thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tinh th\u1ea7n v\u1ed1n s\u00e1ng l\u00e1ng, tinh anh, thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng do b\u1ecb tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1edbi b\u1ecb v\u1ea5y b\u1ea9n, hoen \u1ed1, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tinh th\u1ea7n ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, Yoga hay thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3 s\u00e1u ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 duy v\u1eadt lu\u1eadn, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m cho \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n <a><\/a>v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>S\u01a0 L\u01af\u1ee2C V\u1ec0 \u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o th\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c Ch\u00faa Tr\u1eddi. B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c. H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o th\u1edd \u0111\u1ea5ng Allah<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Tam c\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng <sup>(1)<\/sup>; tuy ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eadp th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn <em>\u201cm\u1ec7nh tr\u1eddi\u201d, \u201c\u00fd tr\u1eddi\u201d. <\/em>\u0110\u1ea1o Cao \u0110\u00e0i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111a th\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o, nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ea7n c\u01a1, ti\u00ean tri. Ti\u00ean Thi\u00ean Th\u00e1nh gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf, th\u1edd th\u1ea7n m\u1eabu Thi\u00ean-y-a-na, V\u00e2n N\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Li\u1ec5u H\u1ea1nh&#8230; \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o Trang th\u00ec luy\u1ec7n ph\u00e9p tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, b\u00f9a ch\u00fa, ph\u00f9 thu\u1eadt, b\u1ed1c ph\u1ec7&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o <em>\u201cv\u00f4 th\u1ea7n\u201d, <\/em>l\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n sinh l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng, l\u1ea5y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 cho mu\u00f4n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang \u0111au kh\u1ed5. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u1ea5y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. V\u00e0, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7n gian c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Do tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf khu\u1ea5t m\u1eb7t, khu\u1ea5t m\u00e0y chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<ul><li>Do tin c\u00e0n, tin qu\u1ea5y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Do s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Do ngu si, d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Do tham v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Do \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, h\u1eadn th\u00f9, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, keo ki\u1ec7t, t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1&#8230; N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 do tham, s\u00e2n, si ho\u1eb7c do v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho ch\u00fang sanh m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Tam c\u01b0\u01a1ng: Qu\u00e2n th\u1ea7n, ph\u1ee5 t\u1eed, phu ph\u1ee5. Ng\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng: Nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, l\u1ec5, tr\u00ed, t\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>d\u1eabn l\u1ed1i cho ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, an vui. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 <em>\u201cCon \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5\u201d, <\/em>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng kinh qua, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 <sup>(2)<\/sup> nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i: <em>\u201cNh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian. V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn: Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea7y tr\u00f2, \u0111\u1ea1o cha con, \u0111\u1ea1o vua t\u00f4i&#8230;<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng: Nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o&#8230;<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn&#8230; l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n, l\u00e0 si\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, ng\u1eef ng\u00f4n&#8230;<sup>(3)<\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1o &#8211; trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt &#8211; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng <em>(magga).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n Ph\u1eadt ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, b\u1eadc S\u00e1ng Su\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7: T\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c <em>(gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u00ecnh), <\/em>gi\u00e1c tha <em>(gi\u00fap <a><\/a>cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9) <\/em>v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n <em>(t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c tha \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng <em>(magga) <\/em>\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, tu t\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo nguy\u00ean l\u00fd m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf trong Tam T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00e1c k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m Kinh, Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Abhidhamma. C\u1ea3 3 t\u1ea1ng <em>(tipi\u1e6daka) <\/em>n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc qua kim kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7 A-la-h\u00e1n, t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba; v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef x\u1ee9 Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0. Qua l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p tr\u00ean l\u00e1 bu\u00f4ng <em>(l\u00e1 B\u1ed1i) <\/em>b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng P\u0101\u1e37i \u1edf T\u00edch Lan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> N\u00f3i <em>&#8220;kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9&#8221; <\/em>ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i <em>&#8220;Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh&#8221; <\/em>d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m <em>&#8220;c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt&#8221; <\/em>th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng (th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c du nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 si\u00eau th\u1ebf, ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf, si\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, ng\u1eef ng\u00f4n&#8230; \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb paramatthasacca. D\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a <em>&#8220;b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3&#8221; <\/em>n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u00fd ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t: Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n 3 th\u00e1ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Mah\u0101 Kassapa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda, c\u00f3 500 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n, t\u1ea1i th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng Sattappannaguh\u0101 <em>(Th\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7p), <\/em>n\u00fai Vebh\u0101ra, th\u00e0nh R\u0101jag\u0101ha <em>(V\u01b0\u01a1ng <\/em><em>X\u00e1),<\/em><em> <\/em>x\u1ee9 M\u0101gadha <em>(Ma<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Ki\u1ec7t<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0110\u00e0)<\/em><em> <\/em>do \u0111\u1ee9c vua Aj\u0101tasattu <em>(A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf)<\/em><em> <\/em>h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec. Cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n b\u1ea3y th\u00e1ng m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t.<\/li><li>L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec: Sau 100 n\u0103m Ph\u1eadt Di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o A-la-h\u00e1n Yasa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda, c\u00f3 700 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00fang theo l\u1ea7n tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i V\u0101\u1e37uk\u0101r\u0101ma, th\u00e0nh Ves\u0101li, do Vua K\u0101\u1e37\u0101soka <em>(d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i vua A-x\u00e0- th\u1ebf<\/em>) b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3. Sau 8 th\u00e1ng, k\u1ebft t\u1eadp m\u1edbi xong.<\/li><li>L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba: Sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n 218 n\u0103m <em>(ho\u1eb7c 216). <\/em>Tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u00e3o Moggall\u012bputtatissa ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda, g\u1ed3m 1000 Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng, t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Asok\u0101r\u0101m\u0101, th\u00e0nh P\u0101\u1e6d\u0101liputta do \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf Asoka b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3. Sau 9 th\u00e1ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp m\u1edbi xong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0: Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua T\u00edch Lan <em>(Srila\u1e45k\u0101) <\/em>do \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Mahinda, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed con \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf Asoka l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111o\u00e0n. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 236, sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i Mahinda t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Tam T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a 63 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng <em>(c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 68.000 Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng) <\/em>v\u00e0 500 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u. L\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc Tam T\u1ea1ng P\u0101\u1e37i v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Tam T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00edch Lan. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1eadp k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 10 th\u00e1ng.<\/li><li>L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m: C\u0169ng t\u1ea1i T\u00edch Lan, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua Va\u1e6d\u1e6dhag\u0101ma\u1e47i- Abhaya, 437 n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Tam T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Aluvih\u0101ra, n\u00fai Abhaya g\u1ea7n Kandy v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a 500 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng v\u00e0 500 Ph\u00e0m T\u0103ng uy\u00ean th\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. Th\u1eddi n\u00e0y lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c, do quan b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u vua Va\u1e6d\u1e6dhag\u0101ma\u1e47i-Abhaya b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9p Tam T\u1ea1ng P\u0101\u1e37i v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Tam T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00edch Lan l\u00ean l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u th\u1ee9 2: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi qu\u00e2n D\u0101mi\u1e37a t\u1eeb Nam \u1ea4n x\u00e2m l\u0103ng \u0110\u1ea3o Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u1ee9c vua Va\u1e6d\u1e6dhag\u0101ma\u1e47i-Abhaya ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y n\u1ea1n, l\u01b0u vong 14 n\u0103m. Ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p trong mai h\u1eadu n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u00fd c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1eadp trung v\u1ec1 ch\u00f9a \u0100lokavih\u0101ra (M\u0101talo ng\u00e0y nay), t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i y\u00ean \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Tam T\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 502 sau Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u, trong l\u00fac m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i x\u1ea9y ra chi\u1ebfn tranh, lo\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00f3i k\u00e9m th\u00ec x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1c \u0111\u1ea3o b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. Hai v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Buddhadatta v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Mah\u0101tissa quy t\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 500 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u. C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tinh th\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, sau khi tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean Tam T\u1ea1ng P\u0101\u1e37i v\u00e0 Tam T\u1ea1ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef T\u00edch Lan, ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 cho kh\u1eafc vi\u1ebft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u00ean l\u00e1 bu\u00f4ng <sup>(4)<\/sup>. C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m th\u00ec ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. V\u1ecb quan b\u1ea3n h\u1ea1t thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a vua Va\u1e6d\u1e6dhag\u0101ma\u1e47i-Abhaya l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed; \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t an ninh, m\u1ecdi ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0103n \u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00edch Lan; l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Mahinda, l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc l\u00ean l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i <em>(Nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m \u2013 Buddhaghosa &#8211; d\u1ef1a b\u1ea3n Tam T\u1ea1ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00edch Lan n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch sang P\u0101\u1e37i).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u: V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1956, t\u1ea1i Rangon, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n <em>(th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Myanmar hi\u1ec7n nay), <\/em>t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i hai n\u0103m. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Tam T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc l\u00ean bia \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch <em>(N\u0103m <\/em><em>1856, t\u1ea1i Mandalay, kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169 c\u1ee7a Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Tam T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc l\u00ean 700 bia \u0111\u00e1; c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 5!).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Tam T\u1ea1ng Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 T\u00edch Lan \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ed9i P\u0101\u1e37i Text Soceity, London Vih\u0101ra phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Anh. V\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u00e1i Lan, L\u00e0o, Campuchia, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 d\u1ecbch ra ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd <em>(C\u00e1c v\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1eadp s\u01b0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n Tam T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean l\u00e1 <a><\/a>b\u1ed1i trong k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 5, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 6, n\u0103m 1956, d\u00f9 tr\u1ea3i qua h\u01a1n hai ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m, Tam T\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t trang n\u00e0o).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>T\u1ea1ng Kinh <em>(Nik\u0101ya-pi\u1e6daka).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u1ed3m 5 b\u1ed9 <sup>(5).<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>D\u012bgha Nik\u0101ya <em>(Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh): <\/em>G\u1ed3m 34 b\u00e0i kinh d\u00e0i, chi\u1ebfm 1\/3 trong 45 cu\u1ed1n ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng.<\/li><li>Majjhima Nik\u0101ya <em>(Trung b\u1ed9 kinh): <\/em>G\u1ed3m 152 b\u00e0i kinh v\u1eeba,<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">chi\u1ebfm 3 quy\u1ec3n trong 45 quy\u1ec3n ch\u00e1nh t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Samyutta Nik\u0101ya <em>(T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9 kinh): <\/em>G\u1ed3m 7762 b\u00e0i kinh ng\u1eafn. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m kinh li\u00ean h\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i dung ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Theo <em>\u201cL\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 T\u1ecbnh H\u1ea3i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(5)<\/sup> 5 b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m, Trung A-h\u00e0m&#8230; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 sai kh\u00e1c v\u00ec Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9, Trung b\u1ed9 do Therav\u0101da k\u1ebft t\u1eadp, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c A-h\u00e0m do Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Anguttara Nik\u0101ya <em>(T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9 kinh): <\/em>G\u1ed3m 9557 b\u00e0i kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 theo chi ph\u00e1p, t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t chi \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u chi, s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1.<\/li><li>Khuddaka Nik\u0101ya: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 kinh nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf ch\u00fat n\u00e0o, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi hai t\u1ea1ng Kinh v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt. Khuddaka Nik\u0101ya c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p, v\u1eeba k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh do Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng k\u1ec7 th\u01a1, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o sau khi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3.<\/li><li>Khuddaka p\u0101tha <em>(Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee5ng)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Dhammapada <em>(Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Ud\u0101na <em>(Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Itivuttaka <em>(Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb ng\u1eef \u2013 Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Suttanip\u0101ta <em>(Kinh t\u1eadp)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Vim\u0101navatthu <em>(Thi\u00ean cung s\u1ef1)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Petavatthu <em>(Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 s\u1ef1)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Therag\u0101th\u0101 <em>(Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o T\u0103ng k\u1ec7)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Ther\u012bg\u0101th\u0101 <em>(Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ni k\u1ec7)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>J\u0101taka <em>(B\u1ed5n sanh \u2013 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Pa\u1e6disa\u1e43bhida magga <em>(Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1o)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Niddesa <em>(g\u1ed3m Mah\u0101 niddesa v\u00e0 Culla niddesa \u2013 do ng\u00e0i S\u0101riputta ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 Abhidhamma).<\/em><\/li><li>Apad\u0101na <em>(Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m s\u1eed h\u1ecdc n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o T\u0103ng Ni A-la-h\u00e1n).<\/em><\/li><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; Buddhava\u1e43sa <em>(Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Cariy\u0101pitaka <em>(H\u1ea1nh t\u1ea1ng, nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn 35 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t trong \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt (Vinaya pi\u1e6daka)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: <em>\u201cGi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i th\u00ec gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7t vong\u201d. <\/em>V\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o <em>(Vinayo s\u0101sana m\u016blam).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u01a1 th\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn Lumbini <em>(L\u00e2m-t\u1ef3-ni) <\/em>cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1 12 t\u1ea1i Vera\u00f1j\u0101; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf, thu th\u00fac th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t trong s\u1ea1ch. L\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb h\u1ea1 12 tr\u1edf \u0111i, sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n <em>(P\u0101\u1e6dimokkha) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">trong n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi h\u1ee9a kh\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: <em>\u201cN\u1ebfu l\u00fac n\u00e0o T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t sanh hoen \u1ed1, nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch, l\u00fac \u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ebd ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt <em>(vinaya) <\/em>c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00f9y nghi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7t ra, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eb7t ra do trong ch\u00fang c\u00f3 sai ph\u1ea1m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u y c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u T\u0103ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t. Do v\u1eady, n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c xa nh\u1eefng t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 5 b\u1ed9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mah\u0101vibha\u1e45ga: \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/li><li>Bhikkhun\u012bvibha\u1e45ga: T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ni ph\u00e2n t\u00edch<\/li><li>Mah\u0101vagga: \u0110\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m<\/li><li>Cullavagga: Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m<\/li><li>Pariv\u0101ra: T\u1ea1p s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 trong T\u1ee9 thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi <em>(Catup\u0101risuddhis\u012bla) <\/em>sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; P\u0101\u1e6dimokkha sa\u1e43varas\u012bla<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t thu th\u00fac gi\u1edbi. T\u0103ng c\u00f3 227 \u0111i\u1ec1u. Ni c\u00f3 311 \u0111i\u1ec1u. S\u1edf d\u0129 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t thu th\u00fac gi\u1edbi, l\u00e0 v\u00ec, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Indriya sa\u1e43varas\u012bla<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac gi\u1edbi. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, gi\u1eef g\u00ecn m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd l\u00fac giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Aj\u012bva p\u0101risuddhis\u012bla<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh <em>(\u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec do thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt); <\/em>tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng \u00e1c ph\u00e1p <em>(gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee1, h\u0103m d\u1ecda, l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i c\u00e2u l\u1ee3i&#8230;) <\/em>v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y <em>(cho v\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u1eadt kia \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng, gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd cung k\u00ednh, d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt, l\u00e0m mai m\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m gi\u00fap c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi d\u1ee5ng \u00fd ri\u00eang, l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, thi\u00ean v\u0103n, b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, coi t\u01b0\u1edbng tay, t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eb7t, t\u1eed vi, ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u01b0\u01a1ng danh&#8230;)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Paccaya sa\u00f1\u00f1issitas\u012bla<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi. L\u00e0 qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 y ph\u1ee5c, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee5, thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 uposatha, l\u1ec5 pav\u0101ra\u1e47\u0101 <em>(t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9), <\/em>c\u00e1ch nguy\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3 y, c\u00e1ch s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p <em>(Abhidhamma-pi\u1e6daka)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng hay t\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt tuy \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1ng ri\u00eang. M\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 3 m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai t\u1eeb Kinh v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1edf Kinh t\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti) <\/em>nh\u01b0 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, ch\u00fang sanh, tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1edf Abhidhamma l\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf hay \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf <em>(paramattha) <\/em>nh\u01b0 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 vi t\u1ebf \u1edf ngo\u00e0i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m, T\u00e2m s\u1edf, S\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. T\u1ea1ng Vi di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 7 b\u1ed9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1- B\u1ed9 Dhammasa\u1e45ghan\u012b <em>(Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee5)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u00e1p. 2- B\u1ed9 Vibha\u1e45ga <em>(ph\u00e2n t\u00edch)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 18 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khandha&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : U\u1ea9n<\/li><li>\u0100yatana&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : X\u1ee9<\/li><li>Dh\u0101tu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Gi\u1edbi<\/li><li>Sacca&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : \u0110\u1ebf, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/li><li>Indriya&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : C\u0103n<\/li><li>Paccay\u0101k\u0101ra&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/li><li>Satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/li><li>Sammappadh\u0101na&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n<\/li><li>Iddhip\u0101da&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Th\u1ea7n T\u1ee9c<\/li><li>Bojjha\u1e45ga&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Gi\u00e1c Chi<\/li><li>Jh\u0101na&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Thi\u1ec1n<\/li><li>Appamanna&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/li><li>Magga&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : \u0110\u1ea1o<\/li><li>Sikkhap\u0101da&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : H\u1ecdc gi\u1edbi<\/li><li>Pa\u1e6disambhida&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Tr\u00ed ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i<\/li><li>\u00d1\u0101\u1e47a&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Tr\u00ed<\/li><li>Khuddakavatthu&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/li><li>Dhammahadaya&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; : Ph\u00e1p y\u1ebfu 3- B\u1ed9 Dh\u0101tukath\u0101 <em>(ch\u1ea5t ng\u1eef)<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng hay kh\u00f4ng, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n <em>(khandha), <\/em>x\u1ee9 <em>(\u0101yatana), <\/em>gi\u1edbi <em>(dh\u0101tu) <\/em>hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ed9 Puggalapa\u00f1\u00f1atti <em>(nh\u00e2n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u00e2n thi thi\u1ebft)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p theo ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 10 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ed9 Kath\u0101vatthu <em>(ng\u1eef t\u00f4ng hay c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ed9i dung ghi l\u1ea1i 216 lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c phe nh\u00f3m, b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. S\u00e1ch chia l\u00e0m 23 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ed9 Yamaka <em>(song \u0111\u1ed1i hay song lu\u1eadn)<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p bi\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo t\u1eebng c\u1eb7p m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ho\u00e1n v\u1ecb. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng? V\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y 10 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1: C\u0103n <em>(m\u016bla), <\/em>u\u1ea9n <em>(khandha), <\/em>x\u1ee9 <em>(\u0101yatana),<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">gi\u1edbi <em>(dh\u0101tu), <\/em>\u0111\u1ebf <em>(sacca) <\/em>d\u1ef1a theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn v\u1ea5n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ed9 Pa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na <em>(v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 hay nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 b\u1ed9 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong 7 b\u1ed9 Abhidhamma, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi 24 duy\u00ean, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 tinh hoa c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1ng Vi di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, Abhidhamma kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, m\u00e0 do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng uy\u00ean b\u00e1c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 sau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 <em>(Therav\u0101da), <\/em>t\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft \u1edf cung tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i, v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 7, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1n \u00e2n huy\u1ebft s\u1eefa \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 b\u00e0 Mah\u0101m\u0101y\u0101. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eafn t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng tinh y\u1ebfu cho t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 S\u0101riputta; v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 danh d\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn cho T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ri\u00eang b\u1ed9 th\u1ee9 5: Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb lu\u1eadn <em>(Ng\u1eef t\u00f4ng) <\/em>l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ee9c <a><\/a>Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng Moggall\u012bputtatissa, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda, so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o, tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean trong l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba, d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi vua Asoka.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VI-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00e1c T\u00f4ng H\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Mah\u0101 Kassapa, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0100nanda thay Ph\u1eadt l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u1eb1ng truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi ho\u00e0ng kim c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 manh nha d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u chia r\u1ebd trong n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng l\u1eef, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Tam T\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean qua tr\u00ed nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Up\u0101li.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00ec do mi\u1ec7ng truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea1c, l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1ecd, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0100nanda, l\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, g\u1ea7n 120 tu\u1ed5i, \u0111ang \u0111i ngang m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng, b\u1ed7ng nghe c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ng\u00e2m sai m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 trong Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa kinh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ai s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1c bi\u1ec3n Thua k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con h\u1ea1c bi\u1ec3n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0100nanda b\u00e8n d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n, k\u00eau v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kia, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i k\u1ec7, r\u1ed3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ai s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m n\u0103m Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p sanh di\u1ec7t Thua k\u1ebb s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p sanh di\u1ec7t\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kia \u0111\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c, ghi nh\u1edb r\u1ed3i v\u1ec1 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: <em>\u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2u, con \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 tin! Ng\u00e0i \u0100nanda gi\u00e0 nua l\u1ea9m c\u1ea9m r\u1ed3i, ng\u00e0i qu\u00ean, nh\u1edb sai c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng!\u201d <\/em>Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kia b\u00e8n y\u00ean tr\u00ed <em>\u201c\u0111i t\u00ecm con h\u1ea1c bi\u1ec3n\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 sai l\u1ea1c do truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u, t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u coi th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo Tam T\u1ea1ng do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean. Do v\u1eady, sau l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh chia r\u1ebd r\u1ed3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u00fac c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Tam T\u1ea1ng theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef x\u1ee9 M\u0101gadha th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-x\u00e0-l\u00ea <em>(\u0100c\u0101riya) <\/em>c\u0169ng cho ra \u0111\u1eddi Ng\u0169 T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Sa\u1e45skrit, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-x\u00e0-l\u00ea b\u1ed9 <em>(\u0100c\u0101riya- v\u0101da) <\/em>sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 <em>(Mah\u0101sa\u1e45ghik\u0101); <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd t\u00e1ch h\u1eb3n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9. Hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng: B\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 <em>(Therav\u0101da) <\/em>v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 <em>(Mah\u0101sa\u1e45ghik\u0101) <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ec3n khai gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 do v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 ph\u00f3ng kho\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t sanh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u <em>\u201cs\u00e1ng t\u00e1c\u201d <\/em>kinh lu\u1eadn theo ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, l\u1eafm khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong t\u1eadp D\u1ecb b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn <em>(Kath\u0101vatthu)<\/em>. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Thuy\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>K\u00ea d\u1eabn b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3 b\u1ed9<\/li><li>\u0110a v\u0103n b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Ch\u1ebf \u0111a s\u01a1n b\u1ed9<\/li><li>T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9<\/li><li>B\u1eafc s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9<\/li><li>\u0110\u00f4ng s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n ch\u1ea5p b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9<\/li><li>V\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ed9&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t trong Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n, r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9, l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1i ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9<\/li><li>H\u00f3a \u0111\u1ecba b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Ca Di\u1ebfp b\u1ed9<\/li><li>\u1ea8m quang b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Kinh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ed9c t\u1eed b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9<\/li><li>M\u1eadt l\u00e2m s\u01a1n b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Ch\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Hi\u1ec1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9<\/li><li>Ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng ch\u1eebng 25 \u0111\u1ebfn 28 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Sau l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef x\u1ee9 M\u0101gadha, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Mahinda mang tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n Tam T\u1ea1ng sang truy\u1ec1n \u1edf T\u00edch Lan, k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u1edbi ghi ch\u00e9p Tam T\u1ea1ng P\u0101\u1e37i v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Tam T\u1ea1ng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00edch Lan l\u00ean l\u00e1 B\u1ed1i. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, Therav\u0101da \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Nam D\u01b0\u01a1ng, M\u00e3 Lai, Th\u00e1i Lan, Cao Mi\u00ean, L\u00e0o v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i B\u1ea3o nguy\u00ean &#8211; Nam t\u00f4ng hay Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 <em>(Mah\u0101sa\u1e45ghika) <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 B\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u01b0\u1ee3t Hy-m\u00e3- l\u1ea1p s\u01a1n, sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, M\u00e3n Ch\u00e2u, Trung<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Hoa, Cao Ly, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba <em>(Mah\u0101yana) <\/em>hay Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">VII-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, mang \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 do v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/li><li>Gi\u00fap cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t ly kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh, c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf.<\/li><li>Gi\u00fap cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n, qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed9i, ph\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026<\/li><li>H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, do \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh hay do c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, ph\u00f9 du; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y.<\/li><li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/li><li>\u0110em tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 soi r\u1ecdi, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00f4 minh, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u2026<\/li><li>\u0110em t\u1eeb bi h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nhi\u1ec1u \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, oan tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u1eafm h\u1eadn th\u00f9 n\u00e0y.<\/li><li>X\u00f3a b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c giai c\u1ea5p do t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o.<\/li><li>Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u, ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng trong l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho nh\u00e2n sinh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh cao \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai thao th\u1ee9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt cho \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n. H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u0103n, suy t\u01b0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tu v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u0103n: L\u00e0 nghe kinh, nghe Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ecdc kinh, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a.<\/li><li>T\u01b0: Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft suy ngh\u0129, tra v\u1ea5n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, th\u1ea9m s\u00e1t, nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nghe, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra l\u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/li><li>Tu: V\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ban \u0111\u1ea7u, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp t\u1eeb th\u1ea5p l\u00ean cao, t\u1eeb c\u1ea1n v\u00e0o s\u00e2u. Nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia th\u00ec tu theo b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n, h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 v\u1eady.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 tai \u0111\u1ec3 nghe, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- <\/em><em>Ai \u01a1i! Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o th\u1eadm th\u00e2m<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>M\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, vi di\u1ec7u kh\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, kh\u00f3 nghe <\/em><em>Nh\u1eb9 h\u1ec1u thuy\u1ec1n v\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ebfn m\u00ea<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Qua mi\u1ec1n si\u00eau tho\u00e1t b\u1ecf b\u00e8 rong ch\u01a1i!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>QUY Y TAM B\u1ea2O<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quy l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, y l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. Quy y Tam B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a <em>(sara\u1e47\u0101gamana) <\/em>n\u01a1i Ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng; l\u1ea5y Ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0m t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9, l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, l\u00e0m kim ch\u1ec9 nam cho n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. S\u1edf d\u0129 Tam B\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed v\u1edbi Ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u, l\u00e0 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00fd b\u00e1u ho\u1eb7c ba vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc qu\u00fd <em>(ratanataya), <\/em>v\u00ec Tam B\u1ea3o tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c, ng\u1ecdc ng\u00e0&#8230; tuy qu\u00fd nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1edbm c\u00f2n, t\u1ed1i m\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00f2ng tham \u0111\u1eafm \u0111i theo v\u1edbi t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau m\u1ea5t do n\u1ea1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ea1n l\u1eeda, chi\u1ebfn tranh, \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1eb7c&#8230; ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 gi\u1eadt gi\u00e0nh n\u1ed3i da x\u00e1o th\u1ecbt c\u1ee7a con c\u00e1i trong nh\u00e0.<\/li><li>C\u00f4ng danh, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, l\u1ea1i th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m, b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh! Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang \u0111em nhi\u1ec1u \u00e2u lo, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, l\u1eafm \u01b0u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n.<\/li><li>Qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u1ee3 con, quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c&#8230; tuy qu\u00fd, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tranh, l\u00e0 d\u00e2y tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5, \u00edt vui.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt; n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. <a><\/a>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i Ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ra ch\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quy y Tam B\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 sau khi nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p; qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p kia l\u00e0m l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho m\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00ean ba l\u1ea7n l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Buddha\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(T\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Dhamma\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(T\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sangha\u1e43 sarana\u1e43 gacch\u0101mi<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(T\u00f4i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c T\u0103ng)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam <em>(up\u0101saka) <\/em>ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef <em>(up\u0101sik\u0101), <\/em>m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nam, t\u00edn n\u1eef <em>(thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Sau khi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n tam quy r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n noi theo Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi cao \u0111\u1eb9p, trong l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng, t\u00edn ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m qu\u00fd, ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o; v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng xa d\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tham lam, \u00edch k\u1ef7, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, h\u1eadn th\u00f9! T\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf, bi\u1ebft y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i; bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y c\u1ecf; bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng; bi\u1ebft san s\u1ebb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u00e1o c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 h\u00e0n, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng: <em>\u201cKh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, l\u00e0m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1eef t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, quy y Tam B\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng mang n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n, van xin, t\u1ebf l\u1ec5 ho\u1eb7c giao ph\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh, m\u1ed9t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. L\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00ea t\u00edn, tin c\u00e0n, tin b\u1eady v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft b\u00e1 v\u01a1. \u0110\u1ee9c tin Tam B\u1ea3o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do suy t\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ai \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c, c\u01b0\u1ee1ng b\u1ee9c; c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean th\u1ec7 gia nh\u1eadp m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c hay \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, quy y Tam B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0m l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng <em>(Dhammapada).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa 190:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Quy y Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea3o quang vinh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Quy y Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o cao minh r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi. Quy y T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang ba \u0111\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Quy y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Yo ca buddha\u00f1ca dhamma\u00f1ca sa\u1e45gha\u00f1ca sara\u1e47a\u1e43 gato, catt\u0101ri <\/em><em>ariyasacc\u0101ni sammappa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101ya passati).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa 192:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Quy y \u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 cao d\u00e0y.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Quy y t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e2u t\u00e0y m\u00e0 so! Quy y t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 lo.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Quy y, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u1eaby \u0111\u00f2 qua s\u00f4ng!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Eta\u1e43&nbsp; kho&nbsp; sara\u1e47a\u1e43&nbsp; khema\u1e43&nbsp; eta\u1e43&nbsp; sara\u1e47amuttama\u1e43,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; eta\u1e43 sara\u1e47am\u0101gamma sabbadukkh\u0101 pamuccati).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>QUY Y PH\u1eacT B\u1ea2O<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 Buddha, \u00e2m l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c chi ph\u1ed1i; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong sinh t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u00ea l\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c tham s\u00e2n si chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea3o, l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u00e2n qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng 9 h\u1ed3ng danh <sup>(1),<\/sup> <a><\/a>9 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Araha\u1e43 <em>(A-la-h\u00e1n)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Araha\u1e43 c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00f4 sanh: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh ni\u1ec7m tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong 3 c\u00f5i, 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, h\u1eefu vi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh kh\u1edfi v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m do v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u1eefa.<\/li><li>S\u00e1t t\u1eb7c: \u0110\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tan, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft h\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 gi\u1eb7c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1eeb n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh.<\/li><li>\u1ee8ng c\u00fang: \u1ee8ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00ean, l\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng. C\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0i x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, cung k\u00ednh, l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Samm\u0101 Sambuddho <em>(Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 <em>\u201cTh\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi g\u1ecdi Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri, l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: B\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t th\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Khi g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb: Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa 3 gi\u1edbi, 4 lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Vijj\u0101carana-sampanno <em>(Minh H\u1ea1nh T\u00fac)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: Tr\u00ed v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tr\u00ed v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t minh m\u1eabn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta quen l\u1ea5y con s\u1ed1 10 h\u1ed3ng danh, nh\u01b0ng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 9 h\u1ed3ng danh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>(Minh). <\/em>\u0110\u1ee9c v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh trong l\u00e0nh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n <em>(H\u1ea1nh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean m\u00e3n 8 Minh v\u00e0 15 H\u1ea1nh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1- 8 Minh (Vijj\u0101).<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1.1- T\u00fac m\u1ea1ng minh <em>(Pubbeniv\u0101s\u0101nussati\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a) <\/em><sup>(2).<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0i th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh <em>(C\u00f3 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e9 b\u1edd).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3,1.2- Sanh t\u1eed minh <em>(Cut\u016bpap\u0101ta\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a) <\/em>hay Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n minh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Dibbacakkhu).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00fd do tr\u00f4i l\u0103n sinh t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh; bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n, duy\u00ean, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u thai t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ebfp kia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.13- L\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh <em>(\u0100savakkhaya\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1m r\u1ec9 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00e0o n\u1eefa \u1edf trong t\u00e2m. C\u00f3 tr\u00ed n\u00e0y m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(3 Minh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 3 Gi\u00e1c).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.14- Minh s\u00e1t minh <em>(Vipassan\u0101\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 minh s\u00e1t do tu thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.15- Ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m minh <em>(Manomayiddhi\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ed9t l\u00fac Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m, ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra hai th\u00e2n; nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i th\u00e2n c\u00f3 oai nghi, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng do thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1.6- Th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng minh <em>(Iddhividha\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3, do \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, nh\u1eb1m h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1.7- Thi\u00ean nh\u0129 minh <em>(Dibbasota\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e2m thanh, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1.8- Tha t\u00e2m minh <em>(Cetopariya\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, \u00fd ngh\u0129, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> N\u0101\u1e47a: Tr\u00ed &#8211; nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(C\u1ea3 8 Minh n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 8 Gi\u00e1c).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3.2- 15 H\u1ea1nh <em>(Cara\u1e47a)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.1- Thu th\u00fac vi\u00ean m\u00e3n trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c. Th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.2- Thu th\u00fac 6 c\u0103n thanh t\u1ecbnh: Thu th\u00fac t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf 6 c\u0103n cho thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00fac giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n. Th\u1eadt ra, 6 c\u0103n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng trong s\u00e1ng, trong l\u00e0nh, thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.3- Tri t\u00fac trong v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c: Ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0103n qu\u00e1 no, qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n phi th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.4- Th\u01b0\u1eddng hay t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 m\u00ea: Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam<sup>(3)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.5- Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c tin: \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, ch\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00edn trong ng\u0169 c\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u00edn trong ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c <em>(t\u00edn, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7) <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tin v\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n l\u00fd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.6- C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 <em>&#8220;t\u00e0m&#8221;. <\/em>D\u0129 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 <em>&#8220;t\u00e0m&#8221; <\/em>vi\u00ean m\u00e3n r\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.7- C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;qu\u00fd&#8221;: <\/em>Bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i khi l\u00e0m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u00e1c. T\u00e0m v\u00e0 qu\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u00e2m c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.8- Nghe nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng <em>(\u0111a v\u0103n, b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc): <\/em>D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, s\u1edf h\u1ecdc, s\u1edf tri, s\u1edf ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> \u0110\u00eam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 chia l\u00e0m 3 canh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Canh 1: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1o cho Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn.<\/li><li>Canh 2: Ng\u00e0i gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/li><li>Canh 3: Ng\u00e0i nghi\u00eang l\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9 <em>(ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c) <\/em>1\/2 canh. C\u00f2n 1\/2 canh v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng, ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n quan s\u00e1t ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y ai h\u1eefu duy\u00ean th\u00ec s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111i t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o c\u01a1 tr\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng; v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1c m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.9- Tinh t\u1ea5n: \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n trong nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 l\u00eca xa \u00e1c ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n trong 37 Ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.10- Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.11- Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t: Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec t\u1eeb th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t chi\u1ebfu soi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2.12- S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n: \u0110\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. <a><\/a>3.2.13- Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n: \u0110\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. 3.2.14- Tam thi\u1ec1n: \u0110\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. 3.2.15-T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n: \u0110\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3 4 thi\u1ec1n n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i t\u1edbi lui, v\u00e0o ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, tr\u00fa bao l\u00e2u t\u00f9y \u00fd v\u00e0 c\u00f2n quan s\u00e1t ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Sugato <em>(Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;Su&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, hay, kh\u00e9o, t\u1ed1t, gi\u1ecfi. <em>&#8220;Gato&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb gacchati: l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i. V\u1eady, Sugato c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 sinh t\u1eed, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Ra \u0111i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<ul><li>Kh\u00e9o \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i: \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00e9o xu\u1ea5t ly kh\u1ecfi c\u1ea3nh t\u1eed sanh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n: \u0110i th\u1eb3ng, \u0111i m\u00e3i, \u0111i lu\u00f4n, v\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n r\u01a1i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n n\u1eefa.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Kh\u00e9o \u0111i kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc: Ng\u00e0i kh\u00e9o ra \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c tr\u00fa x\u1ee9, c\u00e1c h\u1eefu.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n: Ra \u0111i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 tai n\u1ea1n, r\u1ee7i ro, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, ph\u00e2n ly, tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0o n\u1eefa gi\u1eefa 3 c\u00f5i, 4 lo\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c h\u1eefu vi.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ecdng c\u1ea7u: Ra \u0111i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n mong mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec, \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n g\u00ec, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t ly th\u1ebf gian, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 V\u00f4 Sanh B\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a><\/a><strong><em>5-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Lokavid\u016b <em>(Th\u1ebf Gian Gi\u1ea3i)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;Loka&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. <em>&#8220;Vid\u016b&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t. Lokavid\u016b l\u00e0 <a><\/a>\u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t tam gi\u1edbi <em>(D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi). <\/em>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn 3 c\u00f5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ly 3 c\u00f5i \u1ea5y n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Anuttaro Purisadammas\u0101rathi <em>(V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng Phu.)<\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 b\u1eadc Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng Phu V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh.<ul><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng chi ph\u1ed1i ng\u00e0i n\u1eefa.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c v\u00ed ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 B\u1eadc Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng Phu V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e9o t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u1ef1 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Satth\u0101devamanuss\u0101na\u1e43 <em>(Thi\u00ean Nh\u01a1n S\u01b0)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i; v\u00ec ng\u00e0i th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng <em>&#8220;nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o&#8221; (ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n), <\/em>con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng <em>&#8220;thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o&#8221;<a><\/a> <a><\/a>(b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n), <\/em>v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng <em>&#8220;gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o&#8221; (gi\u1edbi, <\/em><em>\u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Buddho <em>(Ph\u1eadt)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c; h\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 r\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ee9c t\u00ednh Bhagav\u0101 <em>(Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n, t\u00f4n vinh. L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Quy y Ph\u1eadt B\u1ea3o l\u00e0:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 quy h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp, d\u1eabn l\u1ed1i cho \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh h\u1ea7u tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<ul><li>Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c trong l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u00fd ngh\u0129, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i bu\u00f4ng lung theo v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8211; C\u00f3 tr\u0103ng, c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ta v\u1ec1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Xoa tay c\u00f5i b\u1ee5i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00ea d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng Tu\u1ec7 soi t\u1ec9nh gi\u1ea5c m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t ai r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c ai!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>QUY Y PH\u00c1P B\u1ea2O<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 Dhamma. Dhamma c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong 2 ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p: Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i trong Tam T\u1ea1ng: Kinh, Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Abhidhamma.<ul><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd <em>(s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt): <\/em>Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cYo dhamma\u1e43 passati so ma\u1e43 passati. Yo ma\u1e43 passati so dhamma\u1e43 passati\u201d. <\/em>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: <em>\u201cAi th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai, ai th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p\u201d <\/em>&#8211; th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u00ec Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft, gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m, \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui cho v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; Sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ngay, th\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, th\u1ea5y ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ngay n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ngh\u0129a c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ph\u00e1p <em>(ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm do ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i, v\u1ecdng m\u00f3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ho\u1eb7c m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi xa x\u00f4i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3; m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u00ednh ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y <em>(kh\u00f4ng gian<\/em>) v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd <em>(th\u1eddi gian), <\/em>\u1edf ch\u00ednh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, \u1edf ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n sinh n\u00e0y, \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Ak\u0101liko.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 phi th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; v\u00ec qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u00ec ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn; c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y tr\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 3 th\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian. V\u1eady ai mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p, th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt &#8211; ph\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u1ea5y ngay n\u01a1i c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, c\u00e1i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u1ed1i <sup>(1)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Ehipassiko<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, h\u00e3y quay \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecb ng\u1ea1n&#8221; (quay \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y b\u1edd).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u. Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, ch\u00e2n ph\u00fac \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i m\u00ecnh. M\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1edbt \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eaft, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ph\u00f9 du t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n. C\u00f2n \u00fd th\u00ec th\u00eau d\u1ec7t \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1, nh\u1eefng l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng xa x\u00f4i \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i, t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t khao kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng khao kh\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi. R\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t \u0111au kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u00e2n ph\u00fac \u1ea5y \u1edf ch\u00ednh trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n, tr\u1ef1c chi\u1ebfu, tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, tr\u1ef1c th\u1ecb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a <em>&#8220;h\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea7u huy\u1ec1n&#8221; <\/em>\u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2y, Nam, B\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, h\u00e3y quay \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i &#8211; l\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 dong ru\u1ed7i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, h\u00e3y th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh <em>&#8220;h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecb ng\u1ea1n&#8221;, <\/em>quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u00e2n ph\u00fac ngay ch\u00ednh trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Opanayiko hay Opaneyyiko<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Opanayiko l\u00e0 gh\u00e9p c\u1ee7a upa+nayika. <em>\u201cOpa\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201cupa\u201d <\/em>t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi <em>\u201cup-on\u201d <\/em>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ean, \u1edf tr\u00ean<sup>(1)<\/sup>. C\u00f2n Nayiko \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb <em>\u201cnayati-neti\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 d\u1eabn, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. V\u1eady <em>\u201copanayiko\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00ean tr\u00ean, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1p ch\u00e2n l\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd &#8211; \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c \u0111i qua th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p. V\u1eady, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, b\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Xem <em>\u201cTh\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Vi\u00ean Minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111i m\u1edbi gi\u00fap ta \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5-&nbsp;&nbsp; Paccatta\u1e43 veditabbo vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016bhi<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p b\u00e1u, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u vi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tha l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ph\u00e1p b\u00e1u, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u00e2m linh tu ch\u1ee9ng, tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9 &#8211; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, suy lu\u1eadn, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, bi\u1ec7n b\u00e1c, lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>(Xem th\u00eam \u201c Th\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c\u201d trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c, 5 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y r\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quy y Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o l\u00e0:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eadn Tam T\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed Saky\u0101 Gotama l\u00e0m kim ch\u1ec9 nam soi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng; n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh t\u1eeb kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5.<ul><li>H\u00e3y bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, an nhi\u00ean n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n <sup>(2)<\/sup> n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8211; S\u00e1t-na b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e0 n\u01a1i an tr\u00fa Th\u00e1nh Hi\u1ec1n x\u01b0a nay H\u00e3y th\u00f4i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c \u1edf ngay l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> Ng<a><\/a>h\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd &#8211; ngh\u0129a t\u0129nh.<\/li><li>Hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd &#8211; ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn, \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y tr\u00f4i<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(ch\u00ednh<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u1edf<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0111\u00e2y<\/em><em> <\/em><em>ta<\/em><em> <\/em><em>m\u1edbi<\/em><em> <\/em><em>th\u1ea5y<\/em><em> <\/em><em>r\u00f5<\/em><em> <\/em><em>ngh\u0129a<\/em><em> <\/em><em>c\u1ee7a<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Ph\u00e1p Ak\u0101liko).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: C\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/li><li>Thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n: C\u00e1i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn <em>(ch\u00e2n l\u00fd<\/em>).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>QUY Y T\u0102NG B\u1ea2O<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u0103ng hay T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef Sa\u1e45gha, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang, ch\u01b0 t\u1ef7-kheo t\u1eeb 4 v\u1ecb tr\u1edf l\u00ean. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 4 hay 5 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a Sa\u1e45gha \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c T\u0103ng s\u1ef1. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 hai, ba v\u1ecb th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho Sa\u1e45gha, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sa\u1e45gha <em>(T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ea1i sao T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1edf d\u0129 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u h\u01a1n tr\u00e2n b\u1ea3o l\u00e0 v\u00ec T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh T\u0103ng v\u00e0 Ph\u00e0m T\u0103ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai; c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p theo gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, s\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u v\u00ec T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111ang ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; Suppatipanno<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh hay di\u1ec7u h\u1ea1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh, l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Ujupatipanno<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd ngay th\u1eb3ng, quang minh ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng m\u01b0u m\u00f4 l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1n l\u1eb9o quanh co, kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng \u00edch k\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ecbnh b\u1ee3, kh\u00f4ng dua m\u1ecb &#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00d1\u0101yapatipanno<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 \u01b0ng l\u00fd h\u1ea1nh, nh\u01b0 l\u00fd h\u1ea1nh &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd ch\u00edn ch\u1eafn, m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c, h\u1ee3p quy c\u1ee7, h\u1ee3p lu\u1eadt nghi, h\u1ee3p khu\u00f4n ph\u00e9p, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u0101m\u012bcipatipanno<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, v\u1edbi B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 4 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trong l\u00e0nh, thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quy y T\u0103ng B\u1ea3o l\u00e0:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eadn T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 trong ba \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 y ch\u1ec9, n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng theo T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0.<ul><li>Ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd trong l\u00e0nh thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 <em>(4 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean) <\/em>v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NH\u1eeeNG \u0110I\u1ec0U QUAN TR\u1eccNG <strong>C\u1ea6N PH\u1ea2I HI\u1ec2U BI\u1ebeT SAU KHI QUY Y TAM B\u1ea2O.<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Quy y Tam B\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ban \u01a1n, gi\u00e1ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc hay c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng <em>(\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i) <\/em>nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n.<\/li><li>Quy y Tam B\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y, s\u01b0 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 quy y v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, h\u1ec7 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y, s\u01b0 t\u1ed1t, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng; m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c quy c\u1ee7, m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n ch\u00fang ta t\u1eeb quy y Tam B\u1ea3o \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta <em>&#8220;t\u1ef1 quy y Tam B\u1ea3o&#8221;, <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a Tam B\u1ea3o n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0, th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, th\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecda; m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, hoang ph\u1ebf c\u00f2n <em>&#8220;t\u1ef1 quy Tam B\u1ea3o&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp t\u1eebng ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p quy y ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c quy y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng, h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>&#8220;s\u1ef1 quy y <\/em><em>\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c&#8221; <\/em>\u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 quy gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o quy gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh th\u00ec m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/li><li>Quy y xong m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u00ea t\u00edn, tin theo t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o; c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea5n, van xin, c\u00fang sao, gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng m\u00e3, s\u00ec s\u1ee5p qu\u1ef3 l\u1ea1y c\u00e2y \u0111a, \u00f4ng t\u00e1o, th\u1ea7n mi\u1ebfu, th\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng, l\u0103ng \u00f4ng, l\u0103ng b\u00e0, xin x\u0103m, b\u00f3i qu\u1ebb \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9c, ph\u00e1t t\u00e0i, th\u0103ng quan, ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c &#8211; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;m\u1ea5t Tam quy&#8221;.<\/em><\/li><li>Quy y xong r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf Tam B\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, bu\u00f4ng lung, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt&#8230; ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;m\u1ea5t tam quy&#8221;.<\/em><\/li><li>N\u1ebfu chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec quy gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 khi m\u1ea5t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;tam quy nh\u01a1 \u0111\u1ee5c&#8221; <\/em>&#8211; th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 \u0103n n\u0103n, s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec quy gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>(Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam t\u00f4ng, m\u1ed7i n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, th\u1ecd tr\u00ec quy gi\u1edbi l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u00ecnh h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec quy gi\u1edbi cho nghi\u00eam T\u1ee9c h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00f9a th\u00ec t\u1ef1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc quy gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n c\u01a1 cao, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 tu t\u1eadp th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, t\u1eebng tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c &#8211; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t <em>(tu\u1ec7), <\/em>\u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh) <\/em>v\u00e0 trong l\u00e0nh <em>(gi\u1edbi) <\/em>th\u00ec h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 tam quy. Khi th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tam quy nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tam quy l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh g\u00ecn gi\u1eef th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd trong l\u00e0nh <em>(quy y T\u0103ng), <\/em>t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng xao \u0111\u1ed9ng, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(quy y Ph\u00e1p) <\/em>v\u00e0 tr\u00ed lu\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, gi\u00e1c t\u1ec9nh, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t <em>(quy y <\/em><em>Ph\u1eadt).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n d\u1ea5n b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ee9c tin Tam B\u1ea3o trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ki\u00ean tr\u00fa v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0o Tam B\u1ea3o, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i Tam B\u1ea3o&#8221;; <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra ngu\u1ed3n ch\u01a1n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 Nh\u1eadp L\u01b0u, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i: Y ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a quy y Tam B\u1ea3o v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>\u0110\u1ee8C TIN C\u1ee6A NG\u01af\u1edcI PH\u1eacT T\u1eec<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i x\u01b0a nay do s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c u minh, huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed, s\u1ee3 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt \u1ed1m \u0111au, s\u1ee3 tai tr\u1eddi \u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ee3 ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh \u00e9o le, s\u1ee3 tai \u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n; ho\u1eb7c do c\u01a1 kh\u1ed5 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, do l\u00e0m \u0103n l\u1ee5n b\u1ea1i th\u1ea5t b\u00e1t <sup>(1)<\/sup>, do t\u1ed9i t\u00f9 nguy kh\u1ed1n, do s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, do danh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb lung lay; hay do r\u1ee7i ro b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, do th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi&#8230; m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh tin cu\u1ed3ng, tin b\u1eady. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng l\u00f2ng tin m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1edfi g\u1eafm cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n, van xin \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n, ng\u00e2y th\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, con c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c tin ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ec3, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng S\u00e1ng T\u1ea1o Ch\u1ee7, H\u00f3a Sanh Ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0o s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt, mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.<ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean n\u00e0o c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ban th\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u1ea1t \u00e1c, chi ph\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1ng, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb9 d\u1ea1 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n, \u0111a th\u1ea7n, v\u1eadt t\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh th\u1ea7n do th\u1ebf gian t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng, ng\u1ee5y t\u1ea1o <em>(Th\u1edd t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ebfu; th\u1edd c\u00e1c v\u1ecb khai qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f4ng th\u1ea7n, anh h\u00f9ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng, chi\u1ebfn s\u0129 tr\u1eadn vong&#8230; thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p tri \u00e2n, \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00e0y).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea t\u00edn th\u1edd g\u1ed1c \u0111a, \u00f4ng t\u00e1o, th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ea7n t\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed1t v\u00e0ng m\u00e3, xin x\u0103m, b\u00f3i qu\u1ebb, c\u00fang sao, gi\u1ea3i h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u l\u1ed9c, c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong b\u00e0i kinh d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 K\u0101l\u0101ma, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y minh tri\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y do t\u1eadp t\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Th\u1ea5t b\u00e1t: Th\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, b\u00e1t l\u00e0 ph\u00e1, h\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1eebng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i tin theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi do thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e3i.<ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng tin, c\u1ea3 tin, nghe theo nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ghi ch\u00e9p trong kinh s\u00e1ch.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u1eebng n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e1n, \u1ee9c \u0111o\u00e1n, suy lu\u1eadn&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u1edf b\u1ec1 ngo\u00e0i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u1eebng n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u1eebng n\u00ean tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec &#8211; v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tin v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1t ra t\u1eeb c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0, m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 uy t\u00edn m\u00e0 ta v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- N\u00e0y c\u00e1c con! Khi c\u00e1c con t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ebf gian; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e1ng b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed coi khinh, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n &#8211; th\u00ec c\u00e1c con ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng tin, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, khi c\u00e1c con \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ebf gian; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee3i khen; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed t\u00e1n th\u00e1n, ca ng\u1ee3i; nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u0103ng hoa tinh th\u1ea7n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui &#8211; th\u00ec c\u00e1c con n\u00ean tin theo, n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Ph\u1eadt ng\u00f4n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean hai ng\u00e0n r\u01b0\u1edfi n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb minh tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f2n soi r\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 v\u0103n minh ng\u00e0y nay, d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7, r\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u1ea5y m\u1edbi gi\u00fap ta \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, t\u00ecm ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c tin \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u00edn &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tin Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ba \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111ang \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong s\u00f4ng m\u00ea, bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5 <em>(s\u00f4ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, bi\u1ec3n sinh t\u1eed).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean hai ng\u00e0n r\u01b0\u1edfi n\u0103m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, c\u00f3 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u bi k\u00fd ch\u1ee9ng minh, ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ma ch\u01b0\u1edbng ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. Sau <a><\/a>\u0111\u00f3, su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m r\u00f2ng r\u00e3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, \u0111em h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui cho v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: <em>&#8220;T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng <a><\/a>th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt&#8221;. <\/em>B\u1edfi v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft b\u1ecf \u00e1c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bi\u1ebft n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ki\u00ean tr\u00ec tu t\u1eadp theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb lai n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tin Ph\u00e1p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf trong Tam T\u1ea1ng Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec3n: Kinh, Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Abhidhamma. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y kh\u00f4n ngoan, minh tri\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c&#8230; l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia, hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft, gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin r\u1eb1ng, Ph\u00e1p, Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd, S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00e9o thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian&#8230; m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tin T\u0103ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 <a><\/a>s\u1ebd tu t\u1eadp theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Gi\u1edbi, \u0110\u1ecbnh, Tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh Tu- \u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n, T\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0-h\u00e0m, A-na-h\u00e0m v\u00e0 A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh <em>(di\u1ec7u h\u1ea1nh), <\/em>tr\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh, \u01b0ng l\u00fd h\u1ea1nh <em>(nh\u01b0 l\u00fd h\u1ea1nh), <\/em>v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh <em>(ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh) <\/em>ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 trong l\u00e0nh, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tin nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin r\u1eb1ng, tr\u1ed3ng cam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cam, gieo \u1edbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edbt, nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng sai kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, sang h\u00e8n, tr\u00ed ngu, vui kh\u1ed5, r\u1ee7i may, th\u1ecd y\u1ec3u, x\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb9p, ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed9i&#8230; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n gieo sai kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 ra c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ta t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 &#8211; n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, n\u00f3 sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ta trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u00fd ngh\u0129, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ta trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i &#8211; ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh cho ch\u00fang ta trong v\u1ecb lai. Hi\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ta, t\u1ef1 ta sinh ra ta, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ai kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t th\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y l\u00faa n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00e2n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, th\u1eddi gian&#8230; C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 duy\u00ean. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh &#8211; t\u1ee9c thu\u1eadn duy\u00ean, tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh, m\u1edbi to\u00e0n <a><\/a>h\u1ea3o. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 duy\u00ean x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecbch duy\u00ean hay ch\u01b0\u1edbng duy\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t vong, ti\u00eau ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt, ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean n\u00e0y. Ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t t\u1eeb ba c\u1eeda th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd r\u1ed3i lu\u00f4n t\u1ea1o th\u00eam duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho tam nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y th\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong mai h\u1eadu, tuy ch\u1eb3ng mong c\u1ea7u, van v\u00e1i n\u00f3 v\u1eabn t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ta v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tin lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sanh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nay, do nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 sinh t\u1edbi sinh lui m\u00e3i trong 6 n\u1ebbo lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i. C\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi trong 3 c\u00f5i 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kia ch\u00ednh do ta t\u1ea1o ra ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ai kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh do t\u00e2m x\u1ea5u, \u00e1c ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t sai kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n, hung d\u1eef&#8230; xem ch\u1eebng l\u00e0 ta \u0111ang m\u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<ul><li>Khi xan tham, khao kh\u00e1t qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, tham v\u1ecdng, kh\u00e1t d\u1ee5c, kh\u00e1t \u00e1i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 xem ch\u1eebng ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi si m\u00ea, \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u01a1 l\u00ec, \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, th\u00fa t\u00ednh&#8230; th\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u00fac sanh!<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, c\u1eady quy\u1ec1n, c\u1eady th\u1ebf, hung h\u0103ng, hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn, hi\u1ebfu th\u1eafng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng binh kh\u00ed mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i, binh kh\u00ed \u0111ao, g\u1eady, g\u01b0\u01a1m, s\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 tranh chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1eafng th\u00ec ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi a-tu-la.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi x\u1eed s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 l\u00fd, c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh; s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n x\u1ea5u \u00e1c th\u00ec ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi <em>(ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 tam qui, ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, <\/em><em>th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m, khinh an, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, hoan h\u1ef7, bi\u1ebft tu h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi <em>(ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi), <\/em>th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n, tham thi\u1ec1n&#8230; th\u00ec ta m\u1edf c\u1eeda b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o 6 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n H\u1eefu s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 s\u1eafc th\u00ec ta v\u00e0o tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><a><\/a>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; N\u1ebfu ta tu t\u1eadp gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00e0 ta gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a 3 c\u00f5i; v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tin T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tin v\u00e0o l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 &#8211; l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf, l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t tho\u00e1t ly m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7n gian, \u0111em l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng &#8211; m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3i qua qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, suy t\u01b0, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1edbi 6 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c tin k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed m\u00e0 c\u00f2n tin ch\u1eafc, bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea7n b\u1ecf xa nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u \u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111ang gieo tr\u1ed3ng nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p cho mai h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c tin n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 m\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9c tin ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i, ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o b\u1ecb lay \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o &#8211; \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng Th\u00e1nh, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>NG\u0168 GI\u1edaI<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(Pa\u00f1ca- s\u012bla)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c-<\/em><em> <\/em><em>S\u012blena<\/em><em> <\/em><em>sugati\u1e43<\/em><em> <\/em><em>yanti,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>s\u012blena<\/em><em> <\/em><em>bhoga<\/em><em> <\/em><em>sampad\u0101; s\u012blena nibbuti\u1e43 yanti, tasm\u0101 s\u012blam visodhaye\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c. Nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ed1i cao. V\u1eady h\u00e3y th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi cho trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam <em>(thi\u1ec7n nam), <\/em>m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef <em>(t\u00edn n\u1eef) <\/em>sau khi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec tam quy, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u1eady gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ng\u0103n gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n, cao \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n. Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, kh\u00f4ng \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u, t\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tin \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ho\u00e0i nghi, suy lu\u1eadn, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c &#8211; r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a><\/a>xung quanh; r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o gi\u00fap m\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 r\u1eddi xa nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111au kh\u1ed5 trong mai h\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 do: T\u1ef1 do trong nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do trong s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- P\u0101n\u0101tip\u0101t\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: T\u00f4i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1nh xa h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft, s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i sanh m\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 h\u01a1i th\u1edf, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u00fac th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i xem n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat t\u1ec9a v\u00e0 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- Gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u1edbi t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, h\u1eadn th\u00f9, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n<ul><li>Do c\u1ed1 \u00fd, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed, vui ch\u01a1i<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Do c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh, c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Do v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: T\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m, c\u1ed1 \u00fd, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1eady gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cu\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, t\u1ed9i nh\u1eb9. V\u1edbi 3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gi\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh A-la-h\u00e1n, nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc ph\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ed v\u00f4 l\u1eadu l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i <sup>(1)<\/sup>, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n.<ul><li>Gi\u1ebft cha, m\u1eb9 &#8211; nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u01a1n sinh th\u00e0nh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng d\u1ee5c &#8211; t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, thu\u1ed9c ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n gi\u1ebft v\u1eadt, v\u00ec sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gi\u1ebft v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh cao, t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh th\u1ea5p.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea5m ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng v\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ai c\u0169ng y\u00eau qu\u00fd v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ta qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ta m\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u00e2m h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c?<ul><li>V\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, ai ai c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111ao, s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft, s\u1ee3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. T\u1ea1i sao ta bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1nh \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i n\u1ee1 gieo \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gieo nh\u00e2n gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i. V\u00ec mu\u1ed1n ng\u0103n qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u00e2n gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11 l\u1ee3i \u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1edd ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hung d\u1eef thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, th\u00fa t\u00ednh; ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i: Gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, chia r\u1ebd T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb.<ul><li>Tr\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>S\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng y\u1ec3u th\u1ecd, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, \u00edt b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft d\u1eef nh\u01b0 x\u1eed gi\u1ea3o <sup>(2)<\/sup>; l\u0103ng tr\u00ec <sup>(3)<\/sup>, \u0111\u00e2m ch\u00e9m, gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5, c\u01b0a x\u1ebb tay ch\u00e2n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, tra t\u1ea5n&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>S\u1eafc th\u00e2n xinh \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi, phi nh\u00e2n m\u1ebfn \u01b0a. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch g\u1ea7n g\u0169i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 an l\u00e0nh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>N\u00e9t m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u00e2n sinh c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u nguy h\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y &#8211; m\u1edbi \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n <em>&#8220;gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc&#8221; <\/em>v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: T\u00f4i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y &#8211; l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec, d\u00f9 l\u1edbn, d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n ch\u01b0a cho, ch\u01b0a v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng cho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta ph\u1ea3i chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp.<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 th\u00e2m giao, th\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, bi\u1ebft l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng bi\u1ebfu t\u1eb7ng.<ul><li>N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n s\u1ebd hoan h\u1ef7, m\u1eebng vui. Nh\u01b0 t\u00edch th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa:<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Khi c\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb m\u01b0a d\u1ed9t, ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng xu\u1ed1ng g\u1ee1 tranh tr\u00ean m\u00e1i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m Gh\u0101\u1e6dik\u0101ra &#8211; v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 &#8211; l\u00ean l\u1ee3p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi, kh\u00f4ng xin, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho. S\u1edf d\u0129 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> X\u1eed gi\u1ea3o: Tr\u1ecdng h\u00ecnh th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> L\u0103ng tr\u00ec: X\u1ebbo t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng th\u1ecbt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>tranh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng hoan h\u1ef7. M\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 cha m\u1eb9 m\u00f9 l\u00f2a, h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t sanh c\u1ea3 tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5. C\u00f2n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ee9ng canh, d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c ng\u0103n m\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1eafng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1eady s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, \u1ef7 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y, t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<ul><li>B\u1eaft ch\u1eb9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u00fac T\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec3 cho vay n\u1eb7ng l\u00e3i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb m\u1ea1t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u00e2n non, \u0111ong thi\u1ebfu.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tr\u1ed1n x\u00e2u, l\u1eadu thu\u1ebf.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>M\u01b0\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i l\u1ea5y lu\u00f4n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 do l\u00f2ng tham b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu v\u00ec ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, T\u1ee9ng thi\u1ebfu, v\u1ee3 con \u0111au \u1ed1m, thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1m ch\u00e1o, thu\u1ed1c thang m\u00e0 sinh t\u00e2m tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, d\u0129 nhi\u00ean v\u1eabn mang t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c; nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i \u1ea5y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m ch\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m, kh\u1ea3 dung. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0103n sung m\u1eb7c s\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1ee7a d\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u01b0u m\u00f4 th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0103n ch\u1eb7n, c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi; s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o th\u00ec t\u1ed9i \u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n, qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u00fd do kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1- T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu: B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, quy ch\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Ai ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n gi\u1eef g\u00ecn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao ta bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh &#8211; m\u00e0 ta l\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c? Quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2- Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m bi: Ai ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, lao t\u00e2m, lao l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Ai m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u0169ng x\u00f3t xa, ti\u1ebfc r\u1ebb, s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1, t\u00e1n t\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m, thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tham lam, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m bi n\u1eefa v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.3- Tr\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o t\u1ed9i t\u00f9, ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m th\u00e2n tr\u00e2u ng\u1ef1a: Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu, l\u1ebd c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng th\u00ec t\u1ed9i tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb, t\u00f9y theo n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t t\u1eed h\u00ecnh, chung th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c t\u00f9 ng\u1ee5c, b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp lu\u00f4n n\u01a1m n\u1edbp lo s\u1ee3, \u0103n kh\u00f4ng ngon, ng\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean; lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm tr\u0103m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp l\u1edbn thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c gia d\u01b0\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 bi\u1ec3n th\u1ee7 <sup>(4)<\/sup>, tham nh\u0169ng, h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o ho\u1eb7c m\u00e1nh mung, gian l\u1eadn&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i t\u00f9, t\u1eed h\u00ecnh&#8230; ph\u1eadn m\u00ecnh \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n li\u00ean l\u1ee5y \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 con, th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c n\u1eefa. S\u1ef1 x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5, t\u1ee7i nh\u1ee5c do \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1, thanh danh gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 g\u1ea5p tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb. Tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp l\u1ea1i. Nh\u00e2n tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n t\u00e0n ma d\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n, h\u00e8n h\u1ea1, thi\u1ebfu c\u01a1m r\u00e1ch \u00e1o, l\u00ea l\u1ea5t xin \u0103n n\u01a1i qu\u00e1n ch\u1ee3, g\u00f3c \u0111\u00ecnh. L\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp n\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m th\u00e2n tr\u00e2u ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u th\u01a1 khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- B\u1ebb kh\u00f3a, chui ph\u00f2ng c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a ai T\u00ednh to\u00e1n, v\u1eaft \u00f3c b\u1edfi tham t\u00e0i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u1ed9i t\u00f9, h\u00ecnh ng\u1ee5c lu\u00f4n ch\u1edd s\u1eb5n Bao ki\u1ebfp ng\u1ef1a tr\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 d\u00e0i!\u201d <\/em><strong>4- L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi <\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c 11 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tr\u00e1nh xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<ul><li>Tr\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i, \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, l\u00e0m th\u00e2n tr\u00e2u ng\u1ef1a&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n, th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin c\u1eady, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, giao ph\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t, danh th\u01a1m.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ph\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 gi\u00e0u sang, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111o\u1ea1t, l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 phi nh\u00e2n m\u1ebfn \u01b0a.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(4)<\/sup> Bi\u1ec3n th\u1ee7: Th\u1ee5t k\u00e9t, l\u1ea5y gian, th\u00e2m ti\u1ec1n k\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 an l\u00e0nh.<ul><li>Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, li\u00eam khi\u1ebft trong s\u1ea1ch, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m bi.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o, phong th\u00e1i, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9\u2026 t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u to\u00e1t ra v\u1ebb oai nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 \u0111oan ch\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u00e2n sinh c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 d\u00e2m<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- K\u0101mesumicch\u0101c\u0101r\u0101<\/em><em> <\/em><em>veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: T\u00f4i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh; ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean duy tr\u00ec quan h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t v\u1ee3, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng. Th\u1ee7y chung v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5m c\u00fang c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1edbi h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ec5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 phi l\u1ec5, lang ch\u1ea1 v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh. Ngay c\u1ea3 m\u1edf l\u1eddi s\u00e0m s\u1ee1, t\u1ee5c t\u0129u, ch\u1ecdc gh\u1eb9o v\u1ee3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00f3. \u0102n n\u00f3i hoa t\u00ecnh, m\u1eaft li\u1ebfc m\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a, \u01b0\u1ee1n \u1eb9o v\u00f4 duy\u00ean v\u1edbi trai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111oan ch\u00ednh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- L\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1- B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, \u0111en t\u1ed1i h\u01a1n khi trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c v\u1ee3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1 ri\u00eang t\u01b0, t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y. H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 <em>&#8220;\u00f4ng <\/em><em>th\u00ec \u0103n ch\u1ea3, b\u00e0 th\u00ec \u0103n nem?&#8221; <\/em>S\u1ef1 y\u00ean \u1ea5m \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng tin nhau, nghi ng\u1edd, nghi k\u1ef5 l\u1eabn nhau? \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef v\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, chung th\u1ee7y, tin c\u1eady gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng. Nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n ghen tu\u00f4ng, c\u00e3i v\u00e3, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp nhau k\u00e9o theo bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ee1, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng con c\u00e1i ly t\u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec1u do m\u1ed9t trong hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ki\u00eang c\u1eed gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.2- T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c: Ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1ea5m \u00eam. Ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, chung th\u1ee7y v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ebfn r\u0103ng long \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c. V\u1eady gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh v\u1eeba gi\u00fap ta b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.3- Tr\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o x\u1ea5u xa, o\u00e1n th\u00f9 v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: <em>\u201cK\u1ebb b\u1ecb bao tr\u00f9m trong \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, kinh ho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ecf n\u1eb1m trong r\u1ecd; b\u1ecb d\u00e2y tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, si\u1ebft ch\u1eb7t, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u01b0a nay, nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 th\u1ea3m kh\u1ed1c, \u0111en t\u1ed1i do s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eafm say s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c g\u00e2y n\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng. Bi\u1ebft bao c\u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 tan, c\u1eeda n\u00e1t, \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh x\u1ea9y ra h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian th\u01b0\u1eddng do t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea3. Trong c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 o\u00e1n th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 o\u00e1n th\u00f9 n\u00e0o m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t h\u01a1n do l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh hay ph\u1ee5 t\u00ecnh g\u00e2y n\u00ean. C\u00e1c \u00e1n m\u1ea1ng, thanh to\u00e1n \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u, h\u1eadn th\u00f9 dai d\u1eb3ng; t\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, vi\u1ebft l\u00ean trang s\u1eed c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp sau c\u00f2n b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n ly, tan n\u00e1t.<ul><li>L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfn, v\u1eadt b\u1ecb thi\u1ebfn.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>B\u00e1n nam, b\u00e1n n\u1eef.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u1ecda c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh.<ul><li>Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m \u0111oan ch\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00ecnh duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eafc tr\u1edf.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gia \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ai qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u, x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5m \u00eam, \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>S\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n, t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 an l\u00e0nh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>V\u00f4 th\u00f9 o\u00e1n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi, phi nh\u00e2n, m\u1ebfn \u01b0a.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u00e2n sinh c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Mus\u0101v\u0101d\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: T\u00f4i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. \u0110\u1eebng d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i. \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u, th\u00eam th\u1eaft kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. \u0110\u1eebng n\u00f3i vu oan, vu c\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. G\u1eb7p tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i; ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y n\u00f3i ra c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y oan tr\u00e1i, o\u00e1n th\u00f9,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">g\u00e2y ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n th\u00ec n\u00ean gi\u1eef im l\u1eb7ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ea1t nh\u1ebdo, v\u00f4 duy\u00ean, dung t\u1ee5c, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng \u0103n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ee5c trong ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f3 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y cho tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 linh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fat \u00edt. N\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f9a vui, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2m ch\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f3i quen nguy h\u1ea1i, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh <em>&#8220;th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7p&#8221; <\/em>th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m! Khi <em>&#8220;n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i m\u00e0 ch\u01a1i&#8221; <\/em>nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1, ta s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn, ch\u1eefng ch\u1ea1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh; s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 giao ph\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. T\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 sao n\u00f3i v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt sao n\u00f3i v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn, cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y nghi\u00eam T\u1ee9c h\u01a1n, v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p b\u1eadc cao nh\u01a1n m\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p b\u1eadc cao nh\u01a1n! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 1 trong 4 t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5 <em>(kh\u00f4ng cho \u1edf c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi T\u0103ng). <\/em>L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb suy ngh\u0129 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh <em>(ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy); <\/em>suy ngh\u0129 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh <em>(ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn). <\/em>Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- L\u00fd do gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1- T\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt: \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quen c\u00f3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3, ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i tr\u00e1i, tr\u00e1i n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng nghe, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i th\u1ea5y l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd quen v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n s\u1ef1 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt th\u00ec kh\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.2- B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 s\u1ef1 trung t\u00edn: Trong m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tin ai, ai ai c\u0169ng s\u1ed1ng trong l\u1eeba ph\u1ec9nh, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, thi\u1ebfu ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111en t\u1ed1i, sa \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea1 g\u1eabm, l\u00e1o l\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed, giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau. \u0110\u1ee9c trung t\u00edn, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1eafm, n\u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n, hi\u1ebfn d\u00e2ng m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n cho sa m\u1ea1c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 n\u1eafng ch\u00e1y t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.3- Tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111au kh\u1ed5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i t\u00f9y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c n\u1ebfu do t\u00e2m \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1i ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n t\u1ed9i t\u00f9.<ul><li>\u0110\u1ecda ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 n\u1ebfu l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u00f3i c\u01a1m r\u00e1ch \u00e1o.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u1ebfu l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i do t\u00e2m \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, tham lam, kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00ea h\u00e8n, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi m\u1eb7t m\u0169i b\u1ecb khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng m\u00e9o, mi\u1ec7ng h\u00f4i, mi\u1ec7ng x\u1ea5u, mi\u1ec7ng b\u1ecb l\u1edf lo\u00e9t, s\u1ee9t m\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khinh r\u1ebb, xem th\u01b0\u1eddng; ch\u1eb3ng ai tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 giao ph\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 s\u00e1ch Nho n\u00f3i: <em>&#8220;Nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 <\/em><em>t\u00edn, b\u1ea5t l\u1eadp&#8221; (ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef t\u00edn \u2013 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a &#8211; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ecf \u0111i).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng danh, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eefng b\u1ec1n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng ng\u1eef<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 13 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<ul><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ec3 nang, tin c\u1eady.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, tr\u1ef1c h\u1ea1nh, thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh, \u01b0ng l\u00fd h\u1ea1nh, ph\u00e1p h\u1ea1nh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u00f4ng danh, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb b\u1ec1n l\u00e2u, v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 sang c\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>M\u1eb7t m\u0169i \u0111oan ch\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i, ly gi\u00e1n, vu oan.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 an l\u00e0nh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 hi\u1ec1m, ganh gh\u00e9t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>V\u00e0o h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u01b0\u1edbng mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd. Mi\u1ec7ng th\u01a1m tho, l\u01b0\u1ee1i d\u00e0i r\u1ed9ng; \u00e2m thanh vang nh\u01b0 chu\u00f4ng ng\u00e2n, du d\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed7ng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>D\u1ec5 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ra ai c\u0169ng nghe, c\u0169ng tin.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u00e2n sanh c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>\u201c- Sur\u0101 meraya majjapam\u0101da\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 <\/em><em>sam\u0101diy\u0101mi\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: T\u00f4i th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">say.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say <em>(men, ma t\u00fay) <\/em>l\u00e0m l\u00fa l\u1eabn t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u1ea7n kinh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi say s\u01b0a ho\u1eb7c ghi\u1ec1n ma T\u00fay th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c phong \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh gia \u0111\u00ecnh, nh\u00e0 tan c\u1eeda n\u00e1t, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, con c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, ly t\u00e1n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t say tuy kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i&#8230; nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nan b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u xa, h\u00e8n h\u1ea1 ho\u1eb7c hung d\u1eef, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n n\u00e0o tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y. V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t xa l\u00eca n\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- L\u00fd do c\u1ea5m ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1- B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7: R\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh) <\/em>v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed <em>(tu\u1ec7).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f2n nguy h\u1ea1i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi; nh\u01b0ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi. Khi say s\u01b0a, nghi\u1ec7n ng\u1eadp, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&#8230; N\u1ebfu l\u1ee1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec d\u00f2ng tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n c\u00f2n k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tu h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.2- B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi say r\u01b0\u1ee3u, ghi\u1ec1n ma T\u00fay kh\u00f3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh, kh\u00f3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, gia s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Cha m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 say s\u01b0a r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 ho\u1eb7c ghi\u1ec1n ma T\u00fay, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con c\u00e1i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111en t\u1ed1i, b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00eau l\u1ed5ng, t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m; l\u00e0 g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.3- Tr\u00e1nh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5: M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi say, nghi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i <em>(gi\u1ebft cha, m\u1eb9) <\/em>ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3 con. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb \u0111i\u00ean n\u00ean s\u1ef1 tai h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eady. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i r\u01a1i m\u1ea5t.<ul><li>Thi\u1ebfu tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e2m \u00e1c h\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 k\u00e9m d\u1ea7n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>S\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eb3ng th\u00e0nh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1ebf gian khinh b\u1ec9.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u00e2n t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>N\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, d\u1ec5 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00e2m s\u00e2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00ednh kh\u00ed b\u1ed3ng b\u1ed9t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u00eau m\u00f2n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd th\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3m.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00e1n gia, b\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>V\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Con c\u00e1i h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>B\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, b\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ngu si \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>M\u1ec7nh chung, \u0111o\u1ea1 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eef.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eeba ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u tai h\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean v\u1eeba th\u00e2u h\u00e1i 11 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<ul><li>Gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>D\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o con c\u00e1i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>B\u1ea3o to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ec3 tr\u1ecdng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1ea7n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean, \u00f4n ho\u00e0.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5m no.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>S\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb t\u1ed1t, \u00edt b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u0103ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u00e2n sanh tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean c\u00e2u n\u00f3i: <em>&#8220;Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t tr\u00ec, nh\u01a1n thi\u00ean l\u1ed9 tri\u1ec7t&#8221; <\/em>&#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u00e0y nay, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9; nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u00e1o c\u01a1m, tuy c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nh\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng \u0111au th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh x\u1ea9y ra h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, chi\u1ebfn tranh kinh t\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfn tranh l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 m\u00e0 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta \u00fd th\u1ee9c hay sao? Nh\u1eefng th\u1ea3m tr\u1ea1ng c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e3i d\u00e2m, tham nh\u0169ng, h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9; v\u1ee3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ed3ng, ch\u1ed3ng gi\u1ebft v\u1ee3, r\u01b0\u1ee3u say, ma T\u00fay l\u00e0m b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i, thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c; kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 h\u1ed3i chu\u00f4ng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ee9c thi\u1ebft cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi hay sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, con c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c; gi\u1eef ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m n\u1eefa. B\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u nguy cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00fd cao \u0111\u1eb9p cho tr\u1ea7n gian m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n d\u1eabn ta tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u1eefa v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>B\u00c1T QUAN TRAI GI\u1edaI<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ch\u1eef <em>&#8220;uposatha&#8221; <\/em>\u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u1ed1-t\u00e1t, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi b\u1ed5n t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u1ecd tr\u00ec t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi. Theo ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec b\u00e1t <a><\/a>quan trai l\u00e0 t\u00e1m c\u1eeda thanh t\u1ecbnh hay l\u00e0 t\u00e1m c\u1eeda \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh. Cho n\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y; hay l\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I- C\u00e1ch Th\u1ee9c Th\u1ecd Gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft thu x\u1ebfp c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e0, vi\u1ec7c ngh\u1ec1, vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3nh rang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, lo toan, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o chi ph\u1ed1i. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c d\u1eady s\u1edbm, v\u1ec7 sinh th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd&#8230; r\u1ed3i h\u00e3y \u0111i th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 hay t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu \u1edf nh\u00e0 th\u00ec sau khi \u0111\u1ed1t nhang, x\u00f4ng tr\u1ea7m, t\u1ee5ng kinh Tam B\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc kim th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ajja uposatha ima\u00f1ca ratti\u1e43 ima\u00f1ca divasa\u1e43 uposathiko (nam: ko, n\u1eef: k\u0101)\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: H\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi; con l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng P\u0101\u1e37i hay ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi \u1edf ch\u00f9a cho nghi\u00eam t\u00fac h\u01a1n, th\u00ec sau khi l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 Tam B\u1ea3o, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c sa-di \u0111\u1ec3 xin th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Uk\u0101sa aha\u1e43 (maya\u1e43)<sup>(1)<\/sup>bhante visu\u1e43 visu\u1e43 rakkhanatth\u0101ya tisaranena saha a\u1e6d\u1e6dhangasama\u1e43 n\u0101gata\u1e43 uposatha\u1e43 y\u0101c\u0101mi <sup>(2)<\/sup>\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: B\u1ea1ch ng\u00e0i, con <em>(ch\u00fang con) <\/em>xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec Tam qui v\u00e0 B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi <em>(\u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecdc 3 l\u1ea7n: Dutiyampi <em>(l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec), <\/em>Tatiyampi <em>(l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> <em><sup>\u201c<\/sup><\/em><em>Con\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc aha\u1e43 v\u00e0 y\u0101c\u0101mi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> <em>\u201cCh\u00fang con\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc maya\u1e43 v\u00e0 y\u0101c\u0101ma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc 3 l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng P\u0101\u1e37i hay Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ho\u1eb7c sa-di s\u1ebd truy\u1ec1n tam quy v\u00e0 b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi cho m\u00ecnh. V\u1ecb th\u1ea7y truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc P\u0101\u1e37i th\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc P\u0101\u1e37i, \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t th\u00ec m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Truy\u1ec1n xong, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ima\u1e43 a\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45gasaman n\u0101gata\u1e43 buddhappannatta\u1e43 uposatha\u1e43 ima\u00f1ca ratti\u1e43 ima\u00f1ca divasa\u1e43 sammadeva abhirakkhitu\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: Con xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee7 8 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n, h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e2ng gi\u1eef h\u00e0nh theo cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch tr\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam nay <em>(Mong c\u1ea7u gieo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y <\/em><em>r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n trong ng\u00e0y v\u1ecb lai).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ecb s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean l\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Im\u0101ni attha sikkh\u0101pad\u0101ni uposatha-s\u012blavasena ima\u00f1ca ratti\u1e43 ima\u00f1ca divasa\u1e43 s\u0101dhuka\u1e43 katv\u0101 appam\u0101dena samm\u0101 rakkhitabba\u1e43\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: Thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn n\u00ean th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi cho trong s\u1ea1ch tr\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y nay v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam nay ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i <sup>(3).<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ecdc: \u0100ma bhante <em>(d\u1ea1, xin v\u00e2ng)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ecb s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c-<\/em><em> <\/em><em>S\u012blena<\/em><em> <\/em><em>sugati\u1e43 yanti, s\u012blena bhogasampad\u0101, s\u012blena nibbuti\u1e43 yanti, tasm\u0101 s\u012bla\u1e43 visodhaye\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a: Nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean vui <em>(nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi). <\/em>Nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ed1i cao <em>(Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n). <\/em>V\u1eady h\u00e3y th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi cho trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc: S\u0101dhu <em>(l\u00e0nh thay).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 s\u00e1m <a><\/a>h\u1ed1i Ph\u1eadt, s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i Ph\u00e1p, s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i T\u0103ng. V\u1ecb s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kinh ph\u00fac ch\u00fac, v\u00e0 ph\u1eadt t\u1eed s\u1ebd t\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c kinh h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II- N\u1ed9i Dung 8 Gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><em>P\u0101n\u0101tip\u0101t\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa vi\u1ec7c l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eadt ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho <em>(tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> D\u1ec3 du\u00f4i: L\u01a1 l\u00e0, bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Abr\u0101hmacariy\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Mus\u0101v\u0101d\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Sur\u0101 meraya majjappam\u0101da\u1e6d\u1e6dth\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 <\/em><em>sam\u0101diy\u0101mi<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say. <em>6- Vik\u0101la bhojan\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi <\/em>Con th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa vi\u1ec7c \u0103n qu\u00e1 ng\u1ecd <em>(phi th\u1eddi).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Nacca g\u012bta v\u0101dita vis\u016bka dassan\u0101 m\u0101l\u0101gandha vile pana dh\u0101rana mandana vibh\u016b sanatth\u0101n\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 sam\u0101diy\u0101mi<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa chuy\u1ec7n m\u00faa h\u00e1t, th\u1ed5i k\u00e8n \u0111\u1eddn; xem m\u00faa h\u00e1t, nghe \u0111\u1eddn k\u00e8n, trang \u0111i\u1ec3m, thoa v\u1eadt th\u01a1m, nh\u1ed3i ph\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111eo tr\u00e0ng hoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Ucc\u0101sayana mah\u0101sayan\u0101 veraman\u012b sikkh\u0101pada\u1e43 <a><\/a>sam\u0101diy\u0101mi<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con th\u1ecd tr\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m qu\u00e1 cao sang, ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch, xa hoa&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III- V\u1ec1 \u00dd Ngh\u0129a C\u1ee7a 8 Gi\u1edbi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c \u1edf gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 3: M\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh; m\u1ed9t b\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh d\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam thanh t\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam t\u1eadp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 6: C\u00e1c b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa \u0103n ch\u00ednh v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a, x\u1ebf ng\u1ecd hai l\u00f3ng tay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1edf d\u0129 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea5m ch\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u kh\u1ecfi m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd trong vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng, nh\u1edd v\u1eady, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp h\u01a1n. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m s\u1ebd nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng do \u0103n no mang \u0111\u1ebfn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, tu t\u1eadp, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia khi th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia &#8211; n\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ki\u00eang c\u1eed chuy\u1ec7n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0. L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady, th\u00e2n s\u1ebd nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, t\u00e2m s\u1ebd thanh th\u1ea3n. Ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb cho nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1ea9y l\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 an tr\u00fa v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 7: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 vui ch\u01a1i nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm, v\u00f4 \u00edch nh\u01b0 khi\u00eau v\u0169, m\u00faa h\u00e1t, \u0111\u1eddn k\u00e8n; l\u1ea1i c\u0169ng tr\u00e1nh xa s\u1ef1 trang \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u1ea5n son, d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i trang s\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc, v\u00e0ng, xuy\u1ebfn, nh\u1eabn&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, trong s\u00e1ng; l\u00e0 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, cao c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi th\u1ee9 8: Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng \u1edf r\u1eebng, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba, c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y, ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che, ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1i che. \u0110\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eb1m, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ed3 \u0111o\u00e0n, t\u1ecda c\u1ee5; g\u1ed1i c\u1ecf, n\u1eb1m s\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng th\u1eddi nay th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ti\u1ec7n nghi cao sang, phong ph\u00fa; nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 k\u1ebb xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng th\u00edch \u0103n \u1edf gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, ai c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7, ngh\u1ec9, ng\u1ed3i, n\u1eb1m qu\u00e1 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch, xa hoa. Do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc h\u1ea1nh xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1nh xa ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m cao sang, l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi qu\u00e1 ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tu t\u1eadp, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y <a><\/a>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV- C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0y Th\u1ecd B\u00e1t Quan Trong Th\u00e1ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1- M\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 8 ng\u00e0y n\u00ean th\u1ecd: 5, 8, 14, 15, 20, 23, 29, 30<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00ec 28, 29).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2- N\u1ebfu t\u00ednh th\u00eam ng\u00e0y <em>&#8221;r\u01b0\u1edbc&#8221; <\/em>v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y <em>&#8220;\u0111\u01b0a&#8221; <\/em>th\u00ec c\u00f3 12 ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa: 1, 4, 6, 7, 9, 13, 16, 19, 21, 22, 24, 28 <em>(n\u1ebfu th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u00ec 27).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecd m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng hai ng\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u1ecdn ng\u00e0y 14 v\u00e0 30.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu ch\u1ecdn 4 ng\u00e0y th\u00ec 14, 30, 8, 23.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1eef ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong l\u00e0nh, hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. V\u00ec v\u1eady, trong ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i, tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c. Ri\u00eang b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n. Ai gi\u1eef b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u. Ai kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i chi c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui, sang c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 tr\u1eddi &#8211; th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a b\u00e1t quan trai c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n gieo duy\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh sau n\u00e0y n\u1eefa. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u1eefu vi v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo duy\u00ean v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00f4 vi <em>(ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00f4 l\u1eadu). <\/em>Do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean t\u1ea1o s\u1eb5n h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh b\u00e1t gi\u1edbi \u1edf trong t\u00e2m, v\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai mai h\u1eadu cho l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y thanh th\u1ea3n \u01a1i ai nh\u1edb c\u00f9ng! <\/em><em>Bu\u00f4ng tay b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea7n h\u1ed3ng,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gieo duy\u00ean gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t thong thong c\u1eeda thi\u1ec1n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>\u0110\u1ea0O PH\u1eacT V\u1edaI S\u1ef0 TH\u1edc C\u00daNG<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00f2ng tri \u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cao c\u1ea3, h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng xem h\u1ea1nh tri \u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, thi\u00eang li\u00eang gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed phi \u00e2n, b\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a, \u0103n ch\u00e1o \u0111\u00e1 b\u00e1t th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra nh\u1eefng bi k\u1ecbch v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n su\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n m\u00e1t m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, s\u1ef1 hy sinh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 th\u00ec h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa ch\u0103ng? \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb coi nh\u01b0 b\u1ecf \u0111i. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb thi\u1ebfu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee7ng nghi\u1ec7p si m\u00ea s\u00e2u d\u00e0y, \u00e1c t\u00e1nh, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0103n s\u00e2u ph\u1ebf ph\u1ee7; h\u1eb3n ch\u00fang c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00f4ng l\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a th\u00fa v\u1eadt kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, th\u0103ng hoa nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o, b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o&#8230; h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1edbi x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd <em>(v\u00ed d\u1ee5: th\u00e0nh ho\u00e0ng); <\/em>h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng <em>(v\u00ed <\/em><em>d\u1ee5: anh h\u00f9ng, li\u1ec7t s\u0129&#8230;); <\/em>h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 <em>(v\u00ed d\u1ee5: c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, danh nh\u00e2n<\/em>)&#8230; S\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang trong c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ra ngo\u00e0i th\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd c\u00fang c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c, trang nghi\u00eam, thi\u1ebft tha v\u00e0 tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c l\u1edbn v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u1eefa. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd soi s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5ng gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101 Gotama l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n trong s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u00e1i k\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u1ec5 c\u00fang v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta h\u00e3y xem c\u00e1c nghi th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u1ef1 Th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1eb3n nhi\u00ean. Tuy v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Th\u1ee9 n\u1eefa, s\u1ef1 th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng th\u01b0\u1eddng mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; V\u1ec1 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang sanh. Xem qua nh\u1eefng h\u1ed3ng danh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi x\u01b0ng t\u00e1n ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u r\u00f5. V\u1eady, th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tri \u00e2n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a thi\u00eang li\u00eang m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem nh\u1eb9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua hai m\u01b0\u01a1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ee9c ki\u1ebfp tu h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh Qu\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 minh h\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t b\u1eadc to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, to\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, to\u00e0n m\u1ef9, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 si\u00eau ph\u00e0m, xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng; th\u00ec th\u1eed h\u1ecfi ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n th\u1edd ai gi\u1eefa v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0n n\u00e0y n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; V\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m sai l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1edd m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n ban ph\u00fac, gi\u00e1ng h\u1ecda ho\u1eb7c th\u1edd v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea7u kh\u1ea9n, van xin \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 dung t\u1ee5c tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf.<ul><li>C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tr\u1eeb t\u00e0, y\u1ec3m qu\u1ef7 ho\u1eb7c che ch\u1edf cho tai qua n\u1ea1n kh\u1ecfi khi h\u1ecd tr\u1ed1n x\u00e2u, l\u1eadu thu\u1ebf&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u mong mua may b\u00e1n \u0111\u1eaft, ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c th\u0103ng quan, con \u0111\u00e0n ch\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1ng&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nhu\u1ed1m m\u00f9i t\u00e0 kh\u00ed, m\u00ea t\u00edn ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 cao c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111em ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c th\u1ea7n di\u1ec7u tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o cho ch\u00fang sanh; \u0111em an l\u1ea1c, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh mu\u00f4n n\u01a1i, mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 th\u1edd m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 cao c\u1ea3; th\u1edd ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb bi h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi l\u00e0m t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho ch\u00fang sanh noi theo; t\u1ea1o m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho ch\u00fang ta t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu luy\u1ec7n; g\u1ed9i r\u1eeda th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, tam nghi\u1ec7p cho thanh t\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh&#8230; \u0110\u1ea5y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; N\u00ean th\u1edd duy nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101 Gotama.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh con Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ecd th\u1edd r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. C\u00e1ch th\u1edd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n b\u1ecb c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u xem Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111a th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 duy\u00ean may m\u1eafn tu t\u1eadp theo tam t\u1ea1ng P\u0101\u1e37i v\u0103n, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc xem l\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p uy\u00ean nguy\u00ean. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ch\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u1edd duy nh\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101 Gotama <em>(Th\u00edch-Ca) <\/em>v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1nh, m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ee9c, m\u1ecdi tr\u00ed, m\u1ecdi tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ba \u0111\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ed7, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xi-m\u0103ng, th\u1ea1ch cao&#8230; ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3ng khung, l\u1ed3ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eb9p theo \u0111\u00fang ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n th\u1ea9m m\u1ef9 v\u00e0 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam, thanh t\u1ecbnh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb bi h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 trang nghi\u00eam, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, trong s\u00e1ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u00f4n l\u00ean d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u00ed ng\u00e0i. Ch\u1ed7 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 l\u1ea7u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1edd t\u1ea7ng tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng. B\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng t\u00f4n tr\u00ed \u1edf c\u0103n gi\u1eefa, c\u00f2n b\u00e0n th\u1edd \u00f4ng b\u00e0, cha m\u1eb9 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ph\u00eda sau ho\u1eb7c hai b\u00ean. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 th\u1edd ti\u00ean t\u1ed5, ph\u1ee5 m\u1eabu h\u1ebft c\u0103n gi\u1eefa, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t k\u1ec7 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u00ean cao s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n tr\u00ed ng\u00e0i. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i t\u00f4n tr\u00ed ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o cao r\u00e1o, tinh t\u01b0\u01a1m, trang<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nghi\u00eam nh\u1ea5t \u1edf trong nh\u00e0; v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1edd l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea7n t\u00e0i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea1i b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ch\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e8n, l\u01b0 tr\u1ea7m, h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa, qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean c\u00fang c\u01a1m, b\u00e1nh, ch\u00e8, x\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m linh tinh kh\u00e1c. B\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00ec hoa v\u1ea3i, hoa ni l\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n th\u1eafp h\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt n\u1eefa. B\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean lau ch\u00f9i qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn lu\u00f4n b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ed5i l\u00f4ng v\u00e0 kh\u0103n m\u1edbi. L\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean th\u1ec9nh Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 an v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. L\u1ec5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c linh \u0111\u00ecnh, \u1ed3n \u00e0o, t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m. Ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh, trang nghi\u00eam v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh. Ng\u00e0y an v\u1ecb, Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng s\u1ebd t\u1ee5ng kinh an l\u00e0nh cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ng\u1ef1 trong nh\u00e0, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Tam B\u1ea3o c\u00f9ng h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia quy\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5-&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt trong nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111i v\u00f4 \u0111i ra m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o quang minh, \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng theo m\u00e0 d\u1ecdn s\u1eeda th\u00e2n t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh. M\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i lo c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed trong nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t. Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp. Ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tam qui, ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng th\u1ecd b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng hai ng\u00e0y, b\u1ed1n <a><\/a>ng\u00e0y&#8230; Ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean t\u1ee5ng kinh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- \u00dd ngh\u0129a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a khi Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed xu\u1ea5t gia ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1i gia; t\u1eeb vua quan cho \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; khi c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp may m\u1eafn g\u1eb7p ng\u00e0i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u cung k\u00ednh nhi\u1ec5u quanh ng\u00e0i ba v\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 tay ph\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n, tu s\u0129; h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eafp y ch\u1eeba vai ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u00f4m b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt. C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0, v\u1eeba bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, nhu thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1eabn xem ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf; v\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u00f4m ch\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. C\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0m cho t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u00ecnh dung \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 c\u00f2n ng\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh, ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00e1m cho t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh thi\u1ebft tha c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u00ean, khi l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng, n\u0103m v\u00f3c ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t <em>(\u0111\u1ea7u, hai c\u00f9i ch\u1ecf tay v\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt, th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i trang nghi\u00eam, t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 th\u00ec ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, t\u00e2m l\u0103ng x\u0103ng, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u00ec th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn khi l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh, v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch m\u00e0 c\u00f2n mang th\u00eam t\u1ed9i. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u00e2m c\u1ed1ng cao, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, n\u0103m v\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea5t; \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng t\u00f9y ti\u1ec7n, thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin, thi\u1ebfu l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng.<\/li><li>Khi \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd nghi\u00eam trang, cung k\u00ednh c\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i. L\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai th\u00ec bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i; \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i m\u00e0 cho ch\u00ed n\u01a1i th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u01a1 nh\u1edbp, b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn, lau ch\u00f9i, ch\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa, qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea9m&#8230;<\/li><li>L\u1ec5 v\u00ec s\u1ee3 b\u00e0 con, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng, x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng, b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu ch\u00ea c\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129: m\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u1ea1y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xi-m\u0103ng, g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e1 th\u00f4i, c\u00f2n Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i.<\/li><li>L\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh, ch\u00f9a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh, trang nghi\u00eam; nh\u01b0ng \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c th\u00ec l\u01a1 l\u00e0, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n, l\u1ea5y l\u1ec7, thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp t\u00e2m v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1y \u1ea5y, ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. Mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfn, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch, mu\u1ed1n \u0111i xa tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trang nghi\u00eam, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.<\/li><li>L\u1ea1y v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, trong l\u00e0nh.<\/li><li>L\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/li><li>L\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/li><li>L\u1ea1y v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed r\u1ed7ng rang, thanh t\u1ecbnh, bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3.<\/li><li>L\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>III-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00fang Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n g\u1ea7n ba ng\u00e0n n\u0103m r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadt ra, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i? Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y th\u1eadt quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n, thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng mang theo tr\u1ea7m, h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa, h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u, tr\u00e0ng hoa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i v\u1eafng th\u00ec hai h\u00e0ng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt c\u00fang \u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1eeda t\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i r\u1ed3i ra v\u1ec1. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c th\u1ea5y v\u1eady b\u00e8n th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0100nanda b\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt xem c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m trong l\u00fac \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1eadn \u0111i du h\u00f3a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0100nanda v\u00e0o h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang sanh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng trong l\u00fac ng\u00e0i v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t? Xin \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u00ec l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/li><li><em>N\u00e0y \u0100nanda! \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p &#8211; Nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u01b0 x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 y, b\u00e1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/em><\/li><li><em>B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Trong l\u00fac ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 n\u00ean x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng?<\/em><\/li><li><em>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ebf! V\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang sanh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e2n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p sau khi Nh\u01b0 Lai di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9. V\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng ri\u00eang c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb thu\u1ed9c tinh th\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2y b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0a kia \u0111\u00e3 che m\u01b0a, \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1eafng cho Nh\u01b0 Lai, l\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang sanh l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabu Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n hay \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0100nanda thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c vua Kosala hay. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean l\u1ea5y h\u1ea1t b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00edn trao cho \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0100nanda. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u0100nanda \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u1ee9c vua Kosala. Vua Kosala \u0111\u01b0a h\u1ea1t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cho \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 tay m\u00ecnh tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0100nanda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u00e2y b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed7i khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i v\u1eafng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a, l\u00e0m cho ai ai c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Vi\u00eac l\u00e0m \u1ea5y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i th\u0103ng hoa, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ec5 ph\u1ea9m th\u1edd c\u00fang<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sai l\u1ea1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m m\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh thanh cao, tho\u00e1t t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u00e0y bi\u1ec7n ch\u00e8 x\u00f4i, c\u1ed7 b\u00e0n linh \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u00ean b\u00e0n th\u1edd, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng hoa, tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng thanh thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh, Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Abhidhamma cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc r\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch thu\u1eadt, tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c, s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c h\u1ea7u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed Ph\u00e1p \u0111em l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c th\u00ec n\u00ean \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng, ph\u00e1t h\u00e0nh kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng B\u1ea3o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u00ednh Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng T\u0103ng. Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, T\u0103ng l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1eeba h\u00e0nh Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u00f3 T\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang ba \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3, \u0111ang th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, thay th\u1ebf Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eddi kia. V\u1eady n\u00ean, T\u0103ng B\u1ea3o c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t th\u00f9 th\u1eafng. C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng B\u1ea3o c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng thua g\u00ec c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng B\u1ea3o, d\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t sa-di hay t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u; ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p <em>&#8221;c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ed&#8221; <\/em>v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i, ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i. C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng B\u1ea3o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng B\u1ea3o ba \u0111\u1eddi, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng B\u1ea3o v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, l\u1ee3i \u00edch s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t vi di\u1ec7u, cao c\u1ea3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>C\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng T\u0103ng th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, y \u00e1o, thu\u1ed1c men, s\u00e0ng t\u1ecda. Vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y ch\u00f9a, d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i, \u0111\u00fac chu\u00f4ng, t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ed1c li\u00eau; nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u, ti\u1ec7n nghi sinh ho\u1ea1t thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u mang \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng nh\u01b0 s\u1edf nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y th\u00ec h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec c\u00f3 T\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt, c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed, \u0111\u00fang \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ee3i \u00edch trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u00fang ta bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed y\u00ean vui, trong l\u00e0nh; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t cao c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p do h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 uy \u0111\u1ee9c Tam B\u1ea3o mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ea3o quang minh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i t\u1ecfa ra m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi an t\u1ecbnh, tr\u00ean thu\u00e2n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00f2a; v\u00ec m\u1ed7i c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, m\u1ed7i l\u1eddi \u0103n, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm. Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u00e0m x\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0m b\u1eady; s\u1ed1ng b\u1eeba b\u00e3i, suy ngh\u0129 t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y, qu\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 khi c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang ng\u1ef1 trong nh\u00e0, \u0111ang \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta! N\u1ebfu thi\u1ebfu h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>(to\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, to\u00e0n m\u1ef9), <\/em>trong t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 xa d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb sa ng\u00e3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, b\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 hung \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i; mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ecb, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; mu\u1ed1n con em sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, h\u1eefu \u00edch cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp, t\u00f4n tr\u00ed b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp cho con em quen d\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt; sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ecd Tam qui, ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m linh sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ee3i \u00edch nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi l\u00e2m chung, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh do ch\u00fang ta hun \u0111\u00fac, t\u00edch l\u0169y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00f9 th\u1eafng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u1ef9 to\u00e0n, sang c\u1ea3; kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng trong duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 hai l\u1ee3i \u00edch kh\u00f3 c\u00f3, kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, b\u1ea5t to\u00e0n, nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 \u00edt vui n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>S\u00c1M H\u1ed0I, T\u1ee4NG KINH, NI\u1ec6M PH\u1eacT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, t\u1ee5ng kinh, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, l\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt, c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng \u1ea9n b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, t\u1ee5ng kinh, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111a ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ed3 hi\u1ec7n <a><\/a>nay \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o sai l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3; \u0111\u00f4i khi b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, \u0111i xa t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o nhu\u1ed1m m\u00e0u m\u00ea t\u00edn, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng Nho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u qua nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh cho \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- Quan ni\u1ec7m s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 h\u1ebft t\u1ed9i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n minh \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb <em>&#8220;s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i&#8221; <\/em>ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u00f3; c\u00f2n th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o tuy l\u1eadp ng\u1eef t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0ng sai l\u1ec7ch \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1 l\u1ed7i, xin l\u1ed7i, chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i hay r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i!.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm l\u1ec5, sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta <em>&#8220;xin l\u1ed7i&#8221; <\/em>b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, b\u1eb1ng cung c\u00e1ch c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 h\u1ed1i ho\u0103c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt, qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng&#8230;<\/li><li>Ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta <em>&#8220;l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i&#8221;.<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>C\u00f3 l\u1ed7i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng b\u00e0, cha m\u1eb9, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd, l\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta thi\u1ebft l\u1ec5 m\u00e2m tr\u1ea7u r\u01b0\u1ee3u, heo g\u00e0, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c hay qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 <em>&#8220;t\u1ea1 t\u1ed9i&#8221;.<\/em><\/li><li>Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o quan ni\u1ec7m <em>&#8220;r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 h\u1ebft t\u1ed9i.<\/li><li>B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u00ec r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y m\u00e1u s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1 t\u1ed9i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n linh ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng t\u1eafm r\u1eeda cho s\u1ea1ch t\u1ed9i. \u0110\u00f4i khi t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i s\u1eafm ph\u1ea9m v\u1eadt c\u00fang t\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 mong th\u1ea7n linh x\u00e1 t\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ban ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Quan ni\u1ec7m tu h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh th\u00e2n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ho\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u mong di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y xem tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi quan ni\u1ec7m: C\u1ee9 l\u1ea1y s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i cho th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y. L\u1ea1y s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9n, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng bao nhi\u00eau t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c trong \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch; m\u00e0 cho ch\u00ed c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ti\u1ec1n khi\u00ean, ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m trong nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u00eau vong!.<\/li><li>C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 tu Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t m\u00e0 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, hai l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf; ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3- t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn xoa \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ea5y h\u00e0o quang Ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, th\u1ea5y hoa sen t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u00f4i, th\u00ec m\u1edbi h\u1ebft t\u1ed9i&#8230;!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t. S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eeda t\u1ed9i, chu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u1ea7u mong r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ed9i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1ed9i ti\u1ec1n khi\u00ean th\u00ec h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang. \u0110\u00e3 g\u00e2y nh\u00e2n \u00e1c, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5. N\u1ebfu do s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3i h\u1ed1i, l\u00e1nh \u00e1c, l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u00e1c <a><\/a>nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eb9 \u0111i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00f9 cho \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean v\u1eabn b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn xoa \u0111\u1ea7u, th\u1ea5y hoa sen t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9, tuy l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 do <em>&#8220;t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0nh&#8221; <\/em>sinh ra nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c! V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y h\u00e0o quang, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m cao \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t! N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 <em>(p\u012bti) <\/em>\u1edf trong n\u0103m thi\u1ec1n chi: T\u1ea7m <em>(vitakka), <\/em>t\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra), <\/em>ph\u1ec9 <em>(p\u012bti), <\/em>l\u1ea1c <em>(sukha), <\/em>v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m <em>(ekaggat\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- Quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ee5ng kinh si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu t\u1ee5ng kinh m\u00e0 <em>&#8220;si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9&#8221; <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, l\u00e1nh \u00e1c l\u00e0m g\u00ec!<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu t\u1ee5ng kinh m\u00e0 <em>&#8220;si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9&#8221; <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u1eb3ng c\u1ea7n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gi\u1edd, t\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng phu, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00f4 \u00edch!.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu t\u1ee5ng kinh m\u00e0 <em>&#8220;si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9&#8221; <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u00e0m \u0103n phi<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh v\u1ed1n l\u1eafm ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfp sau an vui, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng hay sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Than \u00f4i! c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee5ng kinh si\u00eau \u0111\u1ed9 \u1ea5y th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n l\u00e0m sao! Ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh hay h\u1eefu \u00fd, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng thanh cao, tho\u00e1t tr\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ed1ng cho v\u1eeba t\u1ea7m v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 dung th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi!.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 chu\u00f4ng, tr\u1ed1ng, x\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therav\u0101da \u0111\u00f4i n\u01a1i c\u00f3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng chu\u00f4ng; nh\u01b0ng m\u00f5, tr\u1ed1ng, x\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 <a><\/a>Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o mang \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u tinh th\u1ea7n <em>&#8220;nh\u1ea1c l\u1ec5&#8221; <\/em>c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng Nho! Tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u1ea1c l\u1ec5 \u1ea5y r\u1ea5t hay, r\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, r\u1ea5t kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n quy\u1ec1n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u00e0i r\u1ea7y la <em>(\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eebng qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch v\u1ecb t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u ng\u00e2n nga \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng). <\/em>C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u0111ang c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng g\u00ecn gi\u1eef h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n, thanh tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng \u0111i xa tinh th\u1ea7n nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 tu gi\u1edbi, tu \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 tham thi\u1ec1n ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3- Quan ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia; v\u00e0, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129. Tham thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi chung ch\u1ec9 cho thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 gom l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 tham thi\u1ec1n, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tham thi\u1ec1n ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng thi\u1ebft c\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhau. L\u00e0 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129. N\u1ebfu ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 x\u00e2y l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1t. C\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00f3 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng u\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i \u00edch n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1c thu\u1ed9c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt <em>(Buddho) <\/em>m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ea3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; h\u1ed3ng&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; danh&nbsp;&nbsp; kh\u00e1c&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; n\u1eefa,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; v\u00ed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d\u1ee5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Araha\u1e43&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>(\u1ee8ng&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00fang),<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Samm\u0101sambuddho <em>(Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri, Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c)&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng, ni\u1ec7m Gi\u1edbi, ni\u1ec7m Th\u00ed, ni\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(xem ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh! Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n! Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a tu t\u1eadp tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed, ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft- b\u00e0n!?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc n\u00e0y, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tr\u00e0n lan t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh <a><\/a>c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi l\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i, ch\u1ea1y theo ng\u1ecdn, hoa l\u00e1 tr\u00e1i m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mong r\u1eb1ng, l\u00e0 ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n trang b\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh con m\u1eaft Ph\u00e1p, con m\u1eaft Tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y cho th\u1eadt r\u00f5 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. G\u1ea7n g\u0169i h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, t\u1ee5ng kinh v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A- S\u00e1m H\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f2n tr\u00f4i l\u0103n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n xu\u1ed1ng l\u00ean, ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed \u00e1i h\u00e0; c\u00f2n b\u1eadp b\u1ec1nh l\u1eb7n h\u1ee5p gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh t\u1eed kh\u1ed5 \u0111au; c\u00f2n lang thang phi\u00eau b\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi n\u1ebbo vinh quang h\u01b0 \u1ea3o l\u1eabn t\u1ed1i t\u0103m m\u1ecbt m\u00f9ng n\u01a1i ba c\u00f5i, s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng &#8211; th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf \u1ed1c. Kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i, trong s\u1ea1ch. Ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, d\u01a1 d\u00e1y, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. B\u1ee5i tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp ph\u1ee7 d\u00e0y trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 tro x\u1ec9, nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i than&#8230;!.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng <em>&#8220;t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i&#8221; <\/em><sup>(1)<\/sup> ti\u1ec1n khi\u00ean, ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m, \u1ea9n k\u00edn trong khu r\u1eebng gi\u00e0 hoang nguy\u00ean, \u00e2m u, b\u00ed m\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a <em>&#8220;t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3&#8221;; <\/em>ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 do th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> T\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn <em>\u201ct\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p: \u00c1c nghi\u1ec7p hay thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ed9i l\u00e0 do \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p sanh ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng v\u00e0 di\u1ec7u d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c v\u1eeba d\u1eabn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I- S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ngh\u0129a s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb ch\u1eef posatha hay uposatha <sup>(2),<\/sup> ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ecd tr\u00ec b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi hay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi b\u1ed5n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam t\u00f4ng, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng c\u00f3 8 ng\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh th\u00eam ng\u00e0y r\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a <em>(tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau) <\/em>th\u00ec c\u00f3 12 ng\u00e0y <em>(xem b\u00e0i B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0y <a><\/a>c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. M\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1eef 8 gi\u1edbi trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0y l\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00f3c v\u1ecdng &#8211; 14, 30 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u T\u0103ng th\u00ec m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng hai l\u1ea7n t\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi b\u1ed5n. V\u00e0 d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 t\u1ed9i s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <sup>(3).<\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II- C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therav\u0101da th\u00ec c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y 14 v\u00e0 30 m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng, ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, xin gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ec5 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, nghe ph\u00e1p&#8230; D\u1ecbp n\u00e0y, ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ee5ng kinh Tam B\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1eddi s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i kinh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xin Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi ho\u1eb7c b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi. Xin th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o, trong c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 trai t\u0103ng, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, nghe ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c l\u1ec5 ch\u00fac ph\u00fac an l\u00e0nh&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i v\u00e0 xin gi\u1edbi ngay b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1edbi h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec c\u00f3 227 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt, t\u00f9y theo n\u1eb7ng nh\u1eb9 m\u00e0 tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t, c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng hay s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i. Nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nhau, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi tr\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u cao h\u1ea1. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1p x\u1ea9y ra nh\u01b0 nhau: <em>\u201cHi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u2018th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u2019 t\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a?\u201d <\/em>V\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1p: <em>\u201cTh\u01b0a v\u00e2ng, b\u1ea1ch<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> T\u00e0u \u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u1ed1-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> Xem T\u1ee9 thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi: C\u00f3 t\u1ed9i b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng cho \u1edf chung v\u1edbi T\u0103ng <em>(b\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5); <\/em>c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng <em>(t\u0103ng t\u00e0n) <\/em>v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u00e1c, \u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb&#8230; s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3, con \u2018\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i!\u201d. <\/em>Sau \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb s\u01b0 cao h\u1ea1 khuy\u00ean ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi cho trong s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng mang m\u00e0u s\u1eafc t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd, gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi sau khi th\u1ea5y t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1eeba b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp cho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III- \u00dd ngh\u0129a s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: \u0102n n\u0103n xin ch\u1eeba b\u1ecf l\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea3i h\u1ed1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec d\u1eabu c\u1ea3 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn kia c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a h\u1ebft t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ebfn nay. Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp tr\u00f4i l\u0103n, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed3ng l\u1edbp l\u1edbp, truy\u1ec1n n\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eeba l\u1ecdt l\u00f2ng m\u1eb9, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 mang s\u1eb5n nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau. Ai ai c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng gi\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, th\u00f3i quen, \u00e1c t\u1eadt ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. Nh\u1eefng tham, s\u00e2n, m\u1ea1n, t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1, hi\u1ec1m h\u1eadn, b\u1ea1c \u01a1n, ph\u1ea3n ph\u00fac, b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn&#8230;\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf trong m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta. C\u00e1c h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, do duy\u00ean sanh, hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh&#8230; l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c, li\u00ean mi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng <em>&#8220;ti\u1ec1n khi\u00ean t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i&#8221; <\/em>\u1ea5y, ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e2m ch\u00e2n m\u1ecdc r\u1ec5 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tu tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ee9ng nh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sanh kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, sau khi s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, nguy\u1ec7n \u0103n n\u0103n ch\u1eeba b\u1ecf, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i n\u1eefa. Tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1m \u1ea3nh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i <sup>(4)<\/sup> l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch do nh\u1edd s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn mang l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau xin ch\u1eeba b\u1ecf<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u0111\u00e3 xin t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00e1m t\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m, t\u1eeb nay v\u1ec1 sau c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng s\u1ed1ng cho t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh thanh cao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(4)<\/sup> T\u00e2m s\u1edf h\u1ed1i <em>(kukkucca): <\/em>L\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, ray r\u1ee9t, b\u1ea5t an, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, lo l\u1eafng, b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i\u2026 n\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i; sau khi \u0103n n\u0103n s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, t\u00e2m ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m, th\u01b0 th\u00e1i thu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n <em>(khinh an: k\u0101yalahut\u0101 &#8211; cittalahut\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(5)<\/sup> V\u00f4 th\u1ec9 d\u0129 lai: V\u00f4 th\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u, lai l\u00e0 l\u1ea1i; \u00fd n\u00f3i <em>&#8220;t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y r\u1ea5t l\u00e2u x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu x\u1ea5u \u00e1c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9a h\u1ebft th\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, cao c\u1ea3 \u1edf trong t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb <em>&#8220;v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 d\u0129 lai&#8221; <\/em><sup>(5)<\/sup> c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 cao s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, \u0111\u1ee9c tin, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ch\u1eeba b\u1ecf \u00e1c x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh n\u1eefa v\u1eady. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u1ea9y n\u1edf, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng; m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o duy\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7m gi\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7n n\u1ea9y sinh, \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i, ra hoa, k\u1ebft tr\u00e1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec \u00fd ngh\u0129a, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n \u1edf trong 37 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng \u00e1c ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 sanh ph\u1ea3i tuy\u1ec7t d\u1ee9t <em>(\u00c1c d\u0129 <\/em><em>sanh, s\u1eed tr\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n).<\/em><\/li><li>Tinh t\u1ea5n ng\u0103n gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng \u00e1c ni\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a sanh, \u0111\u1eebng cho sanh kh\u1edfi <em>(\u00c1c v\u1ecb sanh, s\u1eed b\u1ea5t sanh ).<\/em><\/li><li>Tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m cho ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a sanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh <em>(Thi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb <\/em><em>sanh, s\u1eed ph\u00e1t sanh).<\/em><\/li><li>Tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 sanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Thi\u1ec7n d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, nh\u1edd s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u \u00e1c trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, thanh th\u1ea3n do si m\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Ngo\u00e0i ra, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00e2n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng 172 v\u00e0 173 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia ph\u00f3ng T\u1ee9ng, m\u00ea m\u1edd. Ng\u00e0y sau t\u1ec9nh ni\u1ec7m, h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edd gi\u00e1c xa. \u0110\u01b0a tay v\u00e9n \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y qua.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng l\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng, nguy nga h\u1ea1 huy\u1ec1n!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Yo&nbsp; ca&nbsp;&nbsp; pubbe&nbsp; pamajjitv\u0101&nbsp; pacch\u0101&nbsp;&nbsp; so&nbsp;&nbsp; nappamajjati,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; soma\u1e43 loka\u1e43 pabh\u0101seti abbh\u0101 mutto va candim\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>X\u00f3a m\u1edd \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 sanh thu\u1edf n\u00e0o. <\/em><em>Tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n lao.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>Tr\u1eddi quang, m\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh, tr\u0103ng sao \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Yassa p\u0101pa\u1e43 kata\u1e43 kamma\u1e43 kusalena pidh\u012byati, soma\u1e43 <\/em><em>loka\u1e43 pabh\u0101seti abbh\u0101 mutto va candim\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B- T\u1ee5ng Kinh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee5ng kinh l\u00e0 hai th\u1eddi kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng phu c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng Ni v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec7u \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a, t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o. H\u00e0nh tr\u00ec hai kh\u00f3a l\u1ec5 kinh t\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n chuy\u00ean tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n <em>(thay v\u00ec t\u1ee5ng kinh <\/em><em>l\u00e0 gi\u1edd thi\u1ec1n t\u1ecda hay kinh h\u00e0nh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia sau khi th\u1ecd quy gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 t\u00f4n tr\u00ed b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt, th\u00ec t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u1ee5ng kinh l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc. T\u1ee5ng kinh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh ti\u1ebfng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh do Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng Vi\u1ec7t v\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ra th\u1ec3 v\u0103n xu\u00f4i hay v\u0103n v\u1ea7n. G\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 kinh nh\u01b0ng g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n ho\u1eb7c k\u1ec7 th\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh ng\u1eafn. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 khuy\u1ebfn tu do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ee5ng kinh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee5ng kinh kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 to, qu\u00e1 nhanh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf, m\u00e0 n\u00ean t\u1ee5ng ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, khoan thai, b\u00ecnh h\u00f2a, an t\u1ecbnh&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi t\u1ee5ng, ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o l\u1eddi kinh, l\u1eddi k\u1ec7; ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean k\u00e9o qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i h\u01a1i \u00ea, a&#8230; ng\u00e2n nga nh\u01b0 ng\u00e2m th\u01a1. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng v\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c <em>&#8220;nh\u1ea1c l\u1ec5&#8221;. <\/em>N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tinh th\u1ea7n trong s\u00e1ng, thanh tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5ng kinh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee5ng kinh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng d\u00e0nh cho \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang, nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb s\u01a1 c\u01a1 m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean xem th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u1ee5ng kinh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd kinh.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ee9 t\u1ee5ng \u0111i, t\u1ee5ng m\u00e3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u kinh; ngh\u0129a l\u00fd \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee3t m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ta tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a r\u1ea5t s\u00e2u xa \u1edf b\u00ean trong. \u0110\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eef, th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kinh, ta l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef, ph\u00e1p ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n b\u00ean sau c\u1ee7a kinh n\u1eefa \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp v\u00e0o v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a l\u00fd s\u00e2u xa, vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a kinh &#8211; th\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp ghi nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u c\u00e2u kinh, ti\u1ebfng k\u1ec7 \u1ea5y. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5ng kinh nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0u n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng kinh c\u1ea3 trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u kinh ti\u1ebfng k\u1ec7 khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c r\u1ed3i; th\u00ec ch\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft \u00fd th\u1ee9c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u00fd th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 \u00fd th\u1ee9c. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u1eddi kinh ti\u1ebfng k\u1ec7 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd thay t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00e1nh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Bi\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u ra t\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, hung d\u1eef th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, t\u1eeb \u00e1i; bi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9p ch\u1ed9p, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m \u00fd ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con v\u01b0\u1ee3n chuy\u1ec1n c\u00e0nh, con kh\u1ec9 nh\u1ea3y nh\u00f3t lung tung, con ng\u1ef1a b\u1ea5t kham ham th\u00edch dong ru\u1ed5i <em>(t\u00e2m <\/em><em>vi\u00ean, \u00fd m\u00e3). <\/em>T\u00e2m \u00fd \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n l\u0103ng x\u0103ng, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, bu\u00f4ng lung \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- T\u00e2m ta khinh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t an.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ki\u1ebfm t\u00ecm d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ch\u1ea1y qu\u00e0ng, ch\u1ea1y xi\u00eang\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ho\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c Kh\u00f3 thay tr\u00ec nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ch\u1eadp ch\u1eddn, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u00fd \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n l\u0103ng x\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n \u01b0a th\u00edch. \u0110au kh\u1ed5 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t m\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1ea5y sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi t\u1ee5ng kinh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft an tr\u00fa, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i xen v\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eafng d\u1ee9t v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh. Khi t\u1ee5ng kinh th\u00ec:<\/li><li>Th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh.<\/li><li>Kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, \u1ef7 ng\u1eef.<\/li><li>\u00dd kh\u00f4ng tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ea3 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn h\u1ea3o, thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7p <em>(t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7p hay t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3 do th\u00f3i quen gi\u1ebft v\u1eadt, l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e2m gi\u1ebft, m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1y, c\u00fang hoa, t\u1ee5ng kinh, chi\u00eam b\u00e1i x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt&#8230; l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, huy ho\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee5ng kinh l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen t\u1ed1t, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1edd c\u00e2u kinh, ti\u1ebfng k\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y m\u00e0 trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi chung quanh b\u1edbt nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 \u00edch, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm, nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n <em>&#8220;ng\u1ed3i l\u00ea \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e1ch&#8221;, &#8220;\u0111\u00e2m b\u1ecb th\u00f3c, th\u1ecdc b\u1ecb g\u1ea1o&#8221;, <\/em>nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ea1t nh\u1ebdo v\u00f4 duy\u00ean &#8211; \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao tr\u00f9m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, thanh cao v\u00e0 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5ng kinh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Mi\u1ec7ng th\u01a1m tho.<\/li><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 uy t\u00edn trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li><li>T\u00e2m h\u1ed3n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb.<\/li><li>Nh\u00e2n sanh nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed d\u00f9 tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ngh\u00ecn chuy\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u00f4ng phu. Kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec c\u0169ng n\u00ean gi\u1eef m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng 2 ng\u00e0y, 4 ng\u00e0y&#8230; ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thua k\u00e9m c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C- Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee5ng kinh v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ee5ng kinh v\u1eeba hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kinh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1n t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m <em>(v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1n).<\/em><\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m \u00fd chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t h\u01a1n n\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/em><\/li><li>T\u1ee5ng kinh kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c 1 trong 40 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt n\u1eb1m trong th\u1eadp t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m sau \u0111\u00e2y: ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng, ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed, ni\u1ec7m Gi\u1edbi, ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean, ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m s\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u1ec7m do t\u1eeb sati &#8211; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi sati b\u00ean ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m <em>(anussati) <\/em><sup>(6).<\/sup>T\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ni\u1ec7m, ni\u1ec7m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0ng ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 9 h\u1ed3ng danh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>Araha\u1e43Samm\u0101sambuddhoVijj\u0101caranasampannoSugatoLokavid\u016bAnuttaro purisadammas\u0101rathi &nbsp; Satth\u0101devamanuss\u0101na\u1e43BuddhoBhagav\u0101<\/td><td>A-la-h\u00e1n, \u1ee8ng C\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri. Minh H\u1ea1nh T\u1ee9c Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 Th\u1ebf Gian Gi\u1ea3i V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110i\u1ec1u Ng\u1ef1 Tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng Phu Thi\u00ean Nh\u01a1n S\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Trong 9 h\u1ed3ng danh n\u00e0y, t\u00f9y theo t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m, s\u1edf th\u00edch, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m cho m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn r\u1ed3i th\u00ec m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ecdn <em>\u201cAraha\u1e43\u201d, <\/em>sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.1- Danh ni\u1ec7m: L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ecdc <em>\u201cAraha\u1e43, Araha\u1e43\u201d&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. C\u00e1ch ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.2- T\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m: L\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u1ea7m, ni\u1ec7m trong t\u00e2m <em>(kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh <\/em><em>l\u1eddi) &#8220;Araha\u1e43, Araha\u1e43&#8221;&#8230; <\/em>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. M\u1ee5c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u00edch c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 danh ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa s\u00e2u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(6)<\/sup> Anussati: T\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 trong ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt <em>(ni\u1ec7m 9 h\u1ed3ng danh) <\/em>th\u00ec ni\u1ec7m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac an tr\u00fa c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.3. \u00c2n \u0111\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m: L\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m 9 h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, 3 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00f4 Sanh: B\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi sanh ni\u1ec7m phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u00f4i l\u0103n, ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong 3 c\u00f5i, 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa.<\/li><li>\u1ee8ng C\u00fang: B\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ee9t s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh, x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u00e1n th\u00e1n, cung k\u00ednh, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li><li>S\u00e1t T\u1eb7c: B\u1eadc \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0103m xe sinh t\u1eed, \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u1eb7c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>\u00c2n \u0111\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m, gi\u00fap cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ee9c tin, l\u00eca tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, b\u1edbt tham \u0111\u1eafm, th\u00eam \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Danh ni\u1ec7m ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m <em>(m\u1eb7c ni\u1ec7m) <\/em>tuy l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1t \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m, th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, lo\u1ea1n ni\u1ec7m; tuy t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa nh\u01b0ng cao nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng phu h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec th\u00ec l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t 5 thi\u1ec1n chi ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb, l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea7m <em>(vitakka)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean T\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb nghi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ec9 <em>(p\u012bti)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb s\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea1c <em>(sukha)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m <em>(ekaggat\u0101) <\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb d\u1ee5c <em>(c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c2n \u0111\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m do qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh chi ph\u1ed1i n\u00ean c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh tr\u00ec ng\u0103n gi\u1eef h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, t\u00e0m qu\u00fd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ee9c tin \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1eeb xung quanh mang \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, t\u1ee5ng kinh, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi nghe qua t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o th\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng mang \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi, h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n d\u1eabu c\u00f3 s\u01a1 c\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n l\u00fd ngh\u0129a, bi\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec th\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t th\u00f9 th\u1eafng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u th\u01a1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ai \u01a1i! ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng kinh Nghe ra th\u00ec d\u1ec5, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 thay Chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m t\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y c\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>M\u01af\u1edcI NGHI\u1ec6P L\u00c0NH<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(Dasa- Kusaladhamma)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt, chim mu\u00f4ng, hoa l\u00e1, c\u1ecf c\u00e2y, l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i, ph\u1ed1 th\u1ecb, l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ch\u00fang sanh h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, ch\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&#8230; c\u0169ng do 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n, t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ea1o, y b\u00e1o, ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o sai kh\u00e1c, d\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u0103n gi\u1eef ch\u00fang sanh kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda th\u00eanh thang h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an vui c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean sang c\u1ea3. M\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u1eddng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m cho th\u00f4ng minh s\u00e1ng l\u00e1ng, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p hanh th\u00f4ng, gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5m \u00eam v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t ly ba c\u00f5i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed sau khi th\u1ecd tam qui, ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi <a><\/a>th\u00ec n\u00ean tu t\u1eadp th\u00eam th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0nh trang, t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gian c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i, l\u1eafm nghi\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- Th\u00e2n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh t\u1eeb b\u00f2, bay, m\u00e1y, c\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n, hai ch\u00e2n, b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 v\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2y \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n, ao h\u1ed3, s\u00f4ng r\u1ea1ch, tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh, bi\u1ebft \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y, do th\u1ea5p sanh <em>(\u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p), <\/em>do b\u00e0ng sanh <em>(s\u00fac sanh) <\/em>hay no\u00e3n sanh <em>(tr\u1ee9ng), <\/em>ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u do s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. Khi ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o tr\u1eef ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh, c\u1ee9 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ngu si, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c d\u1eef- th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 vay nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, ta ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean s\u00e1t sanh h\u1ea1i v\u1eadt d\u00f9 sinh m\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ngay ch\u00ednh c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i v\u00f4 tri, v\u00f4 gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 b\u1eeba b\u00e3i v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 <em>&#8220;s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng&#8221; <\/em>v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, hung d\u1eef l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu. T\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec t\u00e2m s\u00e2n, s\u00e1t, h\u1eadn, \u01b0u c\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m d\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nghe m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb h\u00f2a, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb t\u1eeb trong lan t\u1ecfa ra ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt, c\u00e2y, c\u1ecf &#8211; l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fac m\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u nhau<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>C\u00f3 th\u00e2n, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft \u0111au nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh <\/em><em>N\u1ee1 n\u00e0o gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ru\u1ed9t m\u1ec1m m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y th\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh n\u00e3o n\u00f9ng\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- Th\u00e2n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tr\u1ed9m t\u00e0i, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u00e1i \u0103n, c\u00e1i m\u1eb7c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nhu c\u1ea7u sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian; m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u t\u1ea1o tr\u1eef t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng sung m\u00e3n, d\u01b0 d\u1eadt tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi; c\u00f2n \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 do lao t\u00e2m, lao l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, s\u00f4i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft; ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0103n, tr\u0103m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u00ecn k\u1ebf, th\u1ee9c khuya d\u1eady s\u1edbm, ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh, vun qu\u00e9n, ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m&#8230; m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, gia t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi do l\u00e0m \u0103n phi ngh\u0129a, phi nh\u00e2n, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ho\u1ea1nh ph\u00e1t th\u00ec ho\u1ea1nh t\u00e0n, s\u1ebd \u0111i k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3 vay ngay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ki\u1ebfp sau. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e2u cho kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n x\u00e9t theo m\u1ecdi l\u1ebd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft, n\u1ebfu kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00e3 do l\u00f2ng tham kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c, sai b\u1ea3o. L\u00e0 n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 si m\u00ea. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf&#8230; th\u00ec l\u00f2ng tham kia s\u1ebd che m\u1edd t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, b\u1ecbt m\u1eaft l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri, r\u1ed3i n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed9i t\u00f9, lao h\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5. C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t d\u1ea5y sanh. Nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u m\u00f4, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1t, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gian d\u1ed1i, tham nh\u0169ng, h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, san \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n&#8230; x\u1ea3y ra h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y h\u1eb1ng gi\u1edd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc m\u00e1u x\u01b0\u01a1ng cho ch\u00fang ta suy g\u1eabm hay sao? V\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y, v\u00f2ng tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111au kh\u1ed5, m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecda, bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfp sau m\u1edbi tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi? Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t t\u00ed li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat t\u01b0 duy, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed s\u1ebd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m th\u00f2 tay, n\u1ea1y c\u1eeda, l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u00edt c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec m\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00ednh c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y khi v\u1eadt \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, hoan h\u1ef7 cho.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ec9 <em>&#8220;kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m&#8221;<\/em><em> <\/em>tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh cao c\u1ea3, s\u1ebd \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn an vui, an to\u00e0n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i. Khi \u1ea5y, nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n v\u1eadt tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1t, khu di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u0103n h\u00f3a&#8230; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, nh\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i k\u00edn c\u1ed5ng, cao t\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u00e0o ch\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y l\u1edbp. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u1ed5 kh\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng. C\u1ee7a r\u01a1i d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ai th\u00e8m l\u01b0\u1ee3m, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n l\u1ea1i cho kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7. Khung c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed thanh b\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi \u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea7n gian, m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hay sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, l\u1ea5y c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0m th\u00e2n tr\u00e2u ng\u1ef1a bao \u0111\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 xong L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Th\u00e2y ma, x\u00e1c qu\u1ef7 tr\u00f4i s\u00f4ng, d\u1ea1t b\u1edd\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3- Th\u00e2n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 chung th\u1ee7y v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u0103n h\u00f3a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gia \u0111\u00ecnh l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi m\u1ed9t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u0103n minh, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9, th\u1ecbnh m\u00e3n v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u00e1o c\u01a1m &#8211; l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0, khi <em>&#8220;m\u1ecdi nh\u00e0&#8221; <\/em>\u1ea5y: v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng t\u1ef1 do ngo\u1ea1i t\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 do l\u0103ng nh\u0103ng, t\u1ef1 do b\u1ecf v\u1ee3, b\u1ecf ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u01b0 t\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee5c ng\u1eef n\u00f3i: <em>&#8220;Thu\u1eadn v\u1ee3 thu\u1eadn ch\u1ed3ng, t\u00e1t bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea1n&#8221;. <\/em>Thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 h\u00f2a thu\u1eadn. H\u00f2a thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 do th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc, chia s\u1ebb \u1ea5m l\u1ea1nh ng\u1ecdt b\u00f9i, vui bu\u1ed3n gian kh\u1ed5 c\u00f3 nhau, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ph\u1ee5 r\u1eaby, h\u1eaft h\u1ee7i, b\u1ea1c t\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1c ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o xu\u1ea5t ly th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t th\u1ebf gian; v\u1eabn ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac si\u00eau th\u1ebf. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf, d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o. L\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i gia bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch vun qu\u00e9n, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ed3ng, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3, trong \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng chung th\u1ee7y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem tr\u1ecdng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi mu\u1ed1n gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, chung th\u1ee7y; l\u1ea1i \u0111em san s\u1ebb t\u00ecnh y\u00eau cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u1ea5u \u00f3, b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, l\u1eddi qua ti\u1ebfng l\u1ea1i, <em>&#8220;\u00f4ng \u0103n ch\u1ea3, b\u00e0 \u0103n nem&#8221; <\/em>\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e2n ly, tan n\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111en t\u1ed1i. Con c\u00e1i, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a khi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ly th\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c ly d\u1ecb. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd sinh ra h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, x\u00ec-ke, ma tu\u00fd, h\u00ecnh lao, t\u00f9 t\u1ed9i th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y xa! Thi\u1ebfu v\u00f2ng tay m\u00e1i \u1ea5m gia \u0111\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi, tr\u00e1i tim s\u1ebd b\u0103ng l\u1ea1nh, nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau sao n\u1ee1 ph\u1ee5 nhau<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>B\u1ea1c t\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1c ngh\u0129a \u00f4m b\u1ea7u tr\u0103ng hoa <\/em><em>Th\u00f3i quen \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh, d\u00e2m t\u00e0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>N\u00e1t tan m\u00e1i \u1ea5m, ch\u1ebft sa kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed3\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4- Kh\u1ea9u v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i l\u00e1o.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf gian ai c\u0169ng \u01b0a \u0103n ngay n\u00f3i th\u1eadt. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, tin c\u1eady, t\u00edn c\u1ea9n ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb c\u00f3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u nguy h\u1ea1i, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i cho tr\u1ea7n gian bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ng\u1ea7n n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft, h\u1eadn th\u00f9.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00e1n gia, b\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9i t\u00f9, gia \u0111\u00ecnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e2n ly, tan n\u00e1t.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn th\u00e2n, danh v\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u1ee9c u\u1ea5t th\u1ed5 huy\u1ebft m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ganh gh\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, t\u1ef5 hi\u1ec1m.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, huynh \u0111\u1ec7, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn m\u1eb7t nhau&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c <em>&#8220;t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i&#8221; <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3 l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean; ho\u1eb7c \u00edt ra l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong l\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i do nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d4i! cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1eddng bao khi xung quanh ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i! Ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u00eca b\u1ecf sanh m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i th\u1ec3, b\u1ecb s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eafng cay; ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi! V\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh qu\u00ed b\u00e1u m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh; c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t huy v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n mua T\u1ef1 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, v\u1ed1n x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ed3 L\u00eca xa d\u1ed1i v\u1ea1y quanh co<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ng\u1eef<\/em><em> <\/em><em>ng\u00f4n ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5-&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u1ea9u v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u00f3i vu oan, vu c\u00e1o<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, nguy hi\u1ec3m m\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i vu oan, vu c\u00e1o k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n th\u00e2m hi\u1ec3m, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do tham s\u00e2n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i. L\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 vu oan, vu c\u00e1o th\u00ec tham s\u00e2n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e3nh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh, \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi xa \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Tham s\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean tham \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9c, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh, thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh r\u1eafn r\u00edt, b\u00f2 c\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed9c tr\u00f9ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdn nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n l\u1eddi n\u00f3i vu oan, vu c\u00e1o, gi\u00e1 h\u1ecda, \u0111\u1ea9y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed9i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh l\u00e0m, x\u00f4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0o v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m t\u1ed9i t\u00f9 ho\u1eb7c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y, oan khu\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Vu oan, vu c\u00e1o h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u00e1 h\u1ecda n\u1eb7ng m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c t\u00e2m<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ed9c tr\u00f9ng, d\u00e3 th\u00fa ch\u1edb g\u1ea7n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Mi\u1ec7ng l\u1eddi r\u1eafn r\u00edt, l\u1ee5y th\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u1ea9u v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1eddi c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc, \u00e1c ng\u1eef&#8230;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng hai c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng hay ho, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p g\u00ec, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1eddi c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc&#8230; bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111ang c\u00f2n hoang d\u00e3, b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, th\u00f4 x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ebfu v\u0103n ho\u00e1, thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, thi\u1ebfu gia phong, l\u1ec5 gi\u00e1o n\u1ec1 n\u1ebfp con nh\u00e0! Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y l\u00e0m \u0111au l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 x\u00f4 x\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp tay ch\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f9i g\u1eady, dao b\u00faa \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ec3 tr\u00e1n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ecdc th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp; th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y. L\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00f3i ra ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 nghe. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ed mi\u1ec7ng th\u01a1m nh\u01b0 hoa lan \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, \u00e1i t\u1eeb l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- C\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7 ai \u01b0a?<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u1ef1a l\u1eddi m\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng nhau T\u00e2m hoa th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t, th\u01a1m l\u00e2u<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u1eeb ho\u00e0, \u00e1i ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">7-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u1ea9u v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1eddi nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, v\u00f4 \u00edch, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm&#8230;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u00ec gi\u1edd v\u00f4 \u00edch. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb ng\u1ed3i l\u00ea \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e1ch, \u0103n r\u1ed7i \u1edf th\u00ec, n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1ch, nh\u00e0n c\u01b0, thi\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc&#8230; m\u1edbi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u01b0a n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cM\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y h\u00f4i mi\u1ec7ng!\u201d <\/em>Th\u1ebf c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 t\u00edch s\u1ef1, gi\u1ebft th\u00ec gi\u1edd trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ee5c t\u0129u, nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed th\u00ec n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u00f3c h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u00f3 Tam qui, Ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean coi nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn! M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i t\u00ed ti r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1eaft c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho m\u1eaft ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i, x\u1ed1n xang. M\u1ed9t ch\u00fat d\u01a1 u\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u1ea5m lem v\u00e0o t\u00e2m, khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e2m kia c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111en \u0111\u00faa v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u xa! Nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ec9 t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n s\u00f4ng h\u1ed3, ao bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 121:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- N\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt gi\u1ecdt th\u00f4i<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e2u ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea7y th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i tr\u00e0n lu <\/em><em>Ch\u00fat ch\u00fat vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ng\u00e0y qua th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, t\u1ee5c t\u0129u, v\u00f4 \u00edch&#8230; l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, t\u00edch l\u0169y th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i b\u1ee1n c\u1ee3t, ba l\u01a1n, ba l\u00e1p, ba x\u00e0m; ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e2u d\u1ea7n ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f3 r\u1eddi; khi\u1ebfn ta th\u00e0nh k\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafn, thi\u1ebfu t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch, m\u1ea5t ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t th\u1eadt l\u00e0 u\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed v\u1eady. Khi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec k\u1ebb \u1ea5y d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, danh v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p g\u00ec tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi coi khinh, khi r\u1ebb, nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng, xem th\u01b0\u1eddng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- R\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, t\u1ee5c t\u0129u, v\u00f4 duy\u00ean Mi\u1ec7ng l\u1eddi nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, tr\u00ed hi\u1ec1n ch\u1eb3ng \u01b0a Ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean th\u00eau d\u1ec7t thi\u1ebfu th\u1eeba<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1eb9p ng\u00f4n, \u0111\u1eb9p khu\u1ea9u l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba th\u01a1m h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00dd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf tham lam<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng mong mu\u1ed1n, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i tham lam. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3i mu\u1ed1n \u0103n, kh\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n u\u1ed1ng. Ho\u1eb7c, ta mong mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng mong mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y, theo Abhidhamma, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;chanda&#8221;, <\/em>l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c t\u00e2m s\u1edf; ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay ch\u01b0a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c. C\u00f2n tham lam l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>&#8220;lobha&#8221; <\/em>hay <em>&#8220;abhijj\u0101&#8221;, <\/em>c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p. Do v\u1eady, khi t\u00e2m tham kh\u1edfi th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1edfi theo \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00f2ng tham \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang c\u00f3.<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi tri t\u00fac, m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u00eam v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, v\u1eadt kia&#8230; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef: <em>&#8220;\u0111\u1ee9ng <\/em><em>n\u00fai n\u00e0y tr\u00f4ng n\u00fai n\u1ecd, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c voi \u0111\u00f2i ti\u00ean&#8221;.<\/em><\/li><li>Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n d\u00f2m ng\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lu\u00f4n mu\u1ed1n v\u01a1 v\u00e9t, chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t, c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eadt c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n: s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, ti\u1ebfng hay, m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, v\u1ecb ngon, x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u00eam \u00e1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tham v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, danh v\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00f2ng tham \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tung r\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay! Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3a h\u1ed3ng di\u1ec5m ki\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y gai m\u00e1u! N\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ef1c th\u1eb3m ch\u00f4ng nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m nhung \u00eam. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed3 ch\u00f4n bi\u1ebft bao sa-m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f4ng h\u1ea7u, khanh t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa, tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa, anh h\u00f9ng, qu\u00e2n t\u1eed, m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n, v\u0129 nh\u00e2n, danh nh\u00e2n, thi s\u0129, v\u0103n s\u0129, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng khoa h\u1ecdc gia danh ti\u1ebfng l\u1eaby l\u1eebng&#8230; L\u00f2ng tham ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eeba m\u1ed9t ai tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf! Tham \u00edt kh\u1ed5 \u00edt, tham nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu! L\u00e0 s\u1ee9c d\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 b\u00f3ng tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c l\u1ef1c n\u00e9m v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1eddng! L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u1ecfng ch\u00e1y nhi\u1ec1u \u00edt do c\u00e1c ng\u00f3n tay hay b\u00e0n tay v\u1ecdc l\u1eeda!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft nghe l\u1eddi t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c; ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u00f2ng tham n\u00e0y v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean v\u1eeba gieo duy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- L\u1eeda n\u00e0o h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eeda tham<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ed1t tr\u00e1i tim, ch\u00e1y l\u1ea7m than ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi <\/em><em>L\u00e1 hoa, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf th\u1eafm t\u01b0\u01a1i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u00f4 tham h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e2m ch\u1ed3i t\u1ef1 do!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u00dd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf s\u00e2n h\u1eadn <em>(th\u00f9 o\u00e1n, o\u00e1n h\u1eadn, \u00e1c \u00fd)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m s\u00e2n do ch\u1eef dosa. Theo Abhidhamma, t\u00e2m s\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, tu\u1ef3 theo c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi theo. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: t\u1eadt, xan, h\u1ed1i&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, s\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1eadn n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00e2n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u00eau hu\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u1eeda s\u00e2n h\u1eadn r\u1ea5t kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed, c\u00f3 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, c\u00f3 tu tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m s\u00e2n \u1ea5y qua m\u1ea5y d\u1ea1ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u00e2n do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd; ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi nghe m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng th\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i. Th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00e1i \u00fd, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 g\u1eb7p m\u00e3i th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i s\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng, c\u1ee9 \u00e2m \u1ec9 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u00e2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng <em>(dosa), <\/em>s\u00e2n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang \u01b0u <em>(domanassa).<\/em><\/li><li>N\u1ebfu \u01b0u c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1, mu\u1ed1n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh h\u1eadn <em>(p\u0101\u1e6digha).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u1eadn s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111i theo nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf kh\u00e1c: t\u1eadt, xan, h\u1ed1i&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p. Do v\u1eady, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf n\u1ed5i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, thi\u00eau ch\u00e1y m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t x\u00f3m. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0o h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u00f4i, l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t, dao \u0111\u00e2m, v\u1ea1c d\u1ea7u&#8230; th\u1eadt v\u00f4 v\u00e0n th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh nguy\u1ec7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y; b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9nh ni\u1ec7m th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u1eadn ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo Abhidhamma, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00ean s\u1ef1 an l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt, chim mu\u00f4ng, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb xi\u1ebft bao<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>C\u00e2y l\u00e0nh tr\u00e1i ng\u1ecdt, ng\u00e1t ng\u00e0o h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa <\/em><em>Su\u1ed1i trong gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i ta-b\u00e0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u00ecnh xanh nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, hoan ca th\u00e1i b\u00ecnh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>\u00dd v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn <em>(chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y sai, th\u1ea5y l\u1ec7ch, th\u1ea5y nghi\u00eang, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u01a1n, c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y t\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i t\u00e0 \u1ea5y, c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i t\u00e0 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; r\u1ed3i ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y, m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi danh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn, ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn. \u0110o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, ki\u1ebfp kia, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng. V\u00e0, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 u m\u00ea, ng\u1ed1c ngh\u1ebfch! V\u1eady h\u00e3y h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, l\u00e0m cho <em>&#8220;c\u00e1i ta&#8221; <\/em>hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c. H\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u1eady. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady r\u1ed3i d\u1ea1y m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7, vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4, ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a hi\u1ec7n sinh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ea7u thai t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ebfp kia. Do v\u1eady, ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vua th\u00ec ki\u1ebfp sau c\u0169ng l\u00e0m vua. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1edbp, c\u00f9ng \u0111inh ho\u1eb7c \u0111ui, qu\u00e8, m\u1ebb s\u1ee9t&#8230; ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y th\u00ec ki\u1ebfp sau c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. L\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 t\u00edch s\u1ef1 g\u00ec, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec c\u1ee9 l\u00e0m. Nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd l\u00e0 con ng\u00e1o \u1ed9p d\u1ecda ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. Ch\u00fang ta do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 cho gi\u00e0u sang th\u00ec s\u1ebd gi\u00e0u sang m\u00e3i m\u00e3i&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, hoang vu, \u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n, b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 thi\u00eau hu\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, cao c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn ki\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, ki\u1ebfn hoang vu, ki\u1ebfn sa m\u1ea1c, ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, ki\u1ebfn r\u1eebng r\u1eadm&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y sai th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y nghi\u00eang l\u1ec7ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh ch\u01a1n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn <em>(th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, <\/em><em>nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c). <\/em>Ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh v\u0103n, ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh tri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 <em>&#8220;ki\u1ebfn, v\u0103n, gi\u00e1c, tri&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y. Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng xen l\u1eabn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tai nghe \u00e2m thanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i nghe \u00e2m thanh \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng xen l\u1eabn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh v\u0103n.<\/li><li>M\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan, trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng xen l\u1eabn t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/li><li>L\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/li><li>Th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.<\/li><li>\u00dd bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y; \u0111\u1eebng suy di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111\u1eebng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00eam, \u0111\u1eebng d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3ng lung tung! Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng thu g\u00f3p tin t\u1ee9c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea1m th\u00f4ng tin m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o; khi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh cho trung th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u00e9o m\u00f3, l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tri, t\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 ch\u00e1nh v\u1eady.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ki\u1ebfn, v\u0103n, gi\u00e1c, tri l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ki\u1ebfn, v\u0103n, gi\u00e1c, tri nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, tinh t\u1ee7y, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec5u, h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n \u0111ang v\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi; kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f2n b\u1ecb ru ng\u1ee7, b\u1ecb m\u00ea l\u1ea9n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n linh huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c; nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft cao \u0111\u1ea1i, khoa tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn, r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm, t\u01a1 v\u00f2; nh\u1eefng m\u00ea t\u00edn nh\u00e2n gian b\u1eady b\u1ea1, m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f3 8 nh\u00e1nh. V\u1eady chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, an vui, ch\u00e2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- L\u01b0\u1edbi m\u00ea tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u Ngu si, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eafng cay H\u00e0nh trang ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7m tay<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u00e2m trong, tr\u00ed s\u00e1ng, non T\u00e2y ta v\u1ec1\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u00f3 3, kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 4 v\u00e0 \u00fd c\u00f3 3. N\u1ebfu th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft, thu th\u00fac, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, b\u1ea3o tr\u1ecdng, ph\u00e1t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>huy v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh hay tam nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac 10 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, s\u00fac sanh, a-tu-la, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u00eanh thang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ed9 huy ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. \u0110\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, mi\u1ec1n bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba, ch\u1ed1n man di m\u1ecdi r\u1ee3 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng, gia t\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. Trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u h\u1ecd c\u0169ng g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh, ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh th\u00f9 th\u1eafng v\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi cu\u1ed9c lang thang \u0111\u00e3 m\u00e3n, t\u00edn, gi\u1edbi, v\u0103n, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7y, ba-la-m\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee7; n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n, h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh trong 3 c\u00f5i, 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kim ch\u1ec9 nam v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng cho h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. Thanh V\u0103n Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn l\u00eca phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. \u0110\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng t\u1eeb 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u 8 minh v\u00e0 15 h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p ra \u0111i Ng\u00e1n g\u00ec gi\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u00e1 chi b\u1ee5i h\u1ed3ng Tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00f5i thong dong<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7y, duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 v\u01b0\u1ee3t d\u00f2ng t\u1eed sinh!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>NH\u1eeeNG C\u1ea2NH GI\u1edaI<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang sanh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean&#8230; m\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khoa thi\u00ean v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y nay nh\u1edd d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1i t\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tinh c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i; v\u00e0 theo s\u1ef1 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec tr\u00ean d\u00e3y ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi! <sup>(1)<\/sup> M\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t th\u00e1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1ed9c tinh, h\u1ecfa tinh&#8230; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 kinh ho\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 t\u1eadn \u1ea5y: V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0 m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean h\u00e0; v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u00ean h\u00e0 m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. V\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfm ch\u00fang sanh trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 tuy nhi\u1ec1u; nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n l\u00e0m 7 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong 31 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c nhau, \u1ea5y l\u00e0: \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, s\u00fac sanh, a-tu-la, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi, Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. C\u00f2n 31 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u00f3: 4 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, 7 c\u1ea3nh <a><\/a>gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu ph\u00fac v\u00e0 20 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh H\u1eefu s\u1eafc v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh <em>(Catt\u0101ra-k\u0101maduggati-bh\u016bmi)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 b\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh hay b\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh. Nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n l\u1eabn t\u00e2m, c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u1eabn tinh th\u1ea7n. Nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0 do ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eef ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>C\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c <em>(niraya)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;Ni&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; <em>&#8220;raya&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y nh\u00e2n h\u1eadn th\u00f9, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, theo t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u khoa h\u1ecdc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 h\u1eb1ng t\u1ec9, t\u1ec9 ng\u00e2n h\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u00e0 kinh s\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea3o d\u1ea7u s\u00f4i, ch\u00f4ng nh\u1ecdn, c\u01b0a x\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Khi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, kh\u1ed5 hay vui t\u00f9y theo nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u00fa. Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c h\u00f3a sanh, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 n\u1ee3 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00eam nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 <em>(petayoni)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ma qu\u1ef7 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gian th\u01b0\u1eddng quan ni\u1ec7m. C\u1ea3nh ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, m\u1ed9t tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, d\u01a1 d\u00e1y, b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u, h\u00f4i h\u00e1m&#8230; nh\u01b0 c\u1ea7u ti\u00eau, c\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh, m\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ed7 r\u1eeda ch\u00e9n b\u00e1t, b\u1ee5i b\u1edd, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba, trong nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 xung quanh nh\u00e0&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 x\u1ea5u xa, d\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ee5ng to b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 c\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y kim. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 \u0111\u00ednh th\u00eam c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00fa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh n\u1eeda th\u1ed1i r\u1eeda, n\u1eeda d\u00f2i b\u1ecd bu \u0111\u1ea7y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 l\u1edf lo\u00e9t, xanh xao, c\u00f2n b\u1ecb d\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec3u r\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111u\u1ed5i, c\u1eafn x\u00e9&#8230; N\u00f3i chung, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t, b\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, l\u00e0 do ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0: xan tham qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t v\u01a1 v\u00e9t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi; d\u00f9ng th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00ea h\u00e8n, d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1, l\u01b0\u01a1n l\u1eb9o \u0111\u1ec3 san \u0111o\u1ea1t ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, \u00e1o c\u01a1m c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n tham lam, khao kh\u00e1t v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u00fac sanh <em>(tiracch\u0101nayoni) <\/em><sup>(2)<\/sup><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n, hai ch\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n; c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 v\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng v\u00e2y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t, trong \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3&#8230; ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng bay, d\u1ea1ng b\u01a1i ho\u1eb7c nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 ru\u1ed3i, mu\u1ed7i, c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt s\u00fac sanh c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt \u1edf xung quanh ta, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ra sao, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00fa, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 suy x\u00e9t, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u00fang sai. V\u1eady, nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 do si m\u00ea, \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n, \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ed1ng th\u1ea3 cho d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng bu\u00f4ng tu\u1ed3ng, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> Tiracch\u0101na: Ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt <em>(s\u00fac v\u1eadt, c\u1ea7m th\u00fa\u2026 mu\u00f4n lo\u1ea1i) <\/em>\u2013 d\u1ecbch s\u00fac sanh ch\u01b0a tr\u1ecdn ngh\u0129a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u00fa m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230; gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u00e8o, ch\u00f3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, l\u00e0 do b\u1edfi <em>&#8220;bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p&#8221; <\/em>c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u00fac sanh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sau khi tr\u1ea3 h\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi a-tu-la <em>(asurayoni)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t cau c\u00f3, b\u1eb3n g\u1eaft, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i. Ch\u00fang \u01b0a tranh chi\u1ebfn, tranh th\u1eafng, kh\u1ea9u tranh, lu\u1eadn tranh, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh, chi\u1ebfn tranh b\u1eb1ng binh kh\u00ed mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i hay \u0111ao tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, c\u1eady quy\u1ec1n, hay khoe t\u00e0i, khoe s\u1ee9c; t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i <a><\/a>\u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Asura kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng, vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, h\u1edbn h\u1edf, thanh th\u1ea3n m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00f2ng, d\u00e8 ch\u1eebng. Ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c g\u00e2y h\u1ea5n, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 th\u00f9 o\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i Asura: Asura \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 Asura thi\u00ean. Asura \u0111\u1ecba \u1edf g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 \u1edf t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba, \u0111\u1ed3ng hoang, am mi\u1ebfu&#8230; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i qu\u1ef7 theo quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. Asura thi\u00ean \u1edf c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi g\u1ea7n cung tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i, ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n Asura \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u1ea3y c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu ph\u00fac <em>(Satta-k\u0101masugati-bh\u016bmi)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- C\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi <em>(manussa-loka)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 vui kh\u1ed5 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n. T\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n x\u1ea5u, thi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u00e1c. C\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c tu h\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi m\u00e0 x\u1eed s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 l\u00fd, c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a, bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i, bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1i, c\u00f3 tr\u00ed, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m\u2026 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh <em>(gi\u1edbi), <\/em>bi\u1ebft san s\u1ebb tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c <em>(th\u00ed), <\/em>bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u00fang sai <em>(tr\u00ed) <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb sang c\u1ea3, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, danh th\u01a1m \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ecbnh m\u00e3n l\u00e0 do nh\u1edd gi\u1edbi, th\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ed h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb trung l\u01b0u, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p danh v\u1ecdng, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c l\u00e0 do b\u1edfi gi\u1edbi, th\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ed v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, trung b\u00ecnh.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i, c\u01a1 c\u1ef1c, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebb c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt l\u00e0 do b\u1edfi <em>&#8220;bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p&#8221; <\/em>ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n d\u01b0 s\u00f3t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 n\u00f3i chung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi: Gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, sang h\u00e8n, tr\u00ed ngu, may r\u1ee7i, vui kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u do nghi\u1ec7p sai kh\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2- C\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi <em>(tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1- T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(C\u0101tumah\u0101r\u0101jika)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 4 v\u1ecb Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng cai tr\u1ecb 4 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110a v\u0103n Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(Vessuva\u1e47a) <\/em>l\u00e3nh nhi\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc; ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00e2n m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c, v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0o, y gi\u00e1p, m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0u l\u1ee5c; tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7m c\u1edd chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng, tay tr\u00e1i c\u00f3 con chu\u1ed9t m\u00e0u b\u1ea1c phun ng\u1ecdc. B\u1eafc Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng cai qu\u1ea3n ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f9ng lo\u00e0i D\u1ea1-xoa <em>(Yakka).<\/em><ul><li>T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(Vir\u016b\u1e37haka), <\/em>l\u00e3nh nhi\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam; ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00e2n m\u00e0u xanh, v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0o, y gi\u00e1p, m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0u xanh; tay c\u1ea7m thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m xanh &#8211; bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ch\u00e9m v\u00f4 minh. Nam Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng cai qu\u1ea3n ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f9ng lo\u00e0i C\u01b0u-b\u00e0n-tr\u00e0 <em>(Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0da).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tr\u00ec qu\u1ed1c Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(Dhatara\u1e6d\u1e6da), <\/em>l\u00e3nh nhi\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng; ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00e2n m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0o, y gi\u00e1p, m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng; tay c\u1ea7m c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi &#8211; m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0n l\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe tr\u1edf n\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00f4ng Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng cai qu\u1ea3n ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f9ng lo\u00e0i C\u00e0n-th\u00e1t-b\u00e0 <em>(Gandhabha).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Qu\u1ea3ng m\u1ee5c Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(Vir\u016bpakkha) <\/em>l\u00e3nh nhi\u1ec7m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y; ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00e2n m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0o, y gi\u00e1p, m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec1u m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf; tay ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7m con r\u1eafn canh gi\u1eef ng\u1ecdc ma\u1e47i. T\u00e2y Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng cai tr\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i R\u1ed3ng <em>(N\u0101ga).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t, tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf gian lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft. Th\u00e2n s\u1eafc h\u1ecd t\u1ebf vi, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, cao sang ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbng. Nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1ec1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i, \u0103n \u1edf, y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ef9 di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do nh\u00e2n ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 th\u00ed h\u01a1n lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec b\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e0 mong c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean h\u1ecd t\u00e1i sanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u1edf T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng 50 n\u0103m \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2- Tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i <em>(T\u0101vati\u1e43sa-33)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u0101vati\u1e43sa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba, n\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 do truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi (30 nam v\u00e0 3 n\u1eef) kia do thanh ni\u00ean Magha l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o; \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9, tr\u1ea1m x\u00e1, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean&#8230; r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n gi\u00fap cho c\u1ea3 ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. Sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u1ea3 33 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u1edf trong 33 t\u00f2a l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. C\u00f2n thanh ni\u00ean Magha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vua \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch <em>(Sakka).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng 100 n\u0103m \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, bi\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00f4 v\u1ecb l\u1ee3i, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh l\u00ean c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu ph\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.3- D\u1ea1-ma <em>(Y\u0101ma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y\u0101ma l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau \u0111au kh\u1ed5, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5, bu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f2n sang c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 cung tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i, do nh\u1edd h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, Y\u0101ma l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u00fa v\u00ec tuy tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecd b\u1ed1 th\u00ed r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa ng\u00e3 t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, mu\u1ed1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, mu\u1ed1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ebfu danh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng 200 n\u0103m \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian <em>(Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 <\/em><em>th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00f3a sanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.4- C\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea9u-su\u1ea5t-\u0111\u00e0 <em>(Tusita)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Y\u0101ma. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi xu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a sanh. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c <em>(Metteyya), <\/em>v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Tam B\u1ea3o, h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang; v\u00e0 khi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn, th\u1eadt t\u00ecnh mu\u1ed1n san s\u1ebb, chia s\u1edbt, \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f3a sanh c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu ph\u00fac n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng l\u01b0u tr\u00fa nh\u1ea5t trong 6 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng 400 n\u0103m \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.5- H\u00f3a l\u1ea1c thi\u00ean <em>(Nimm\u0101narati)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi \u1edf trong nh\u1eefng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n xa hoa, to l\u1edbn, nguy nga, tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y sang c\u1ea3, m\u1ef9 di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 Tusita.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1edf d\u0129 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00f3a l\u1ea1c, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a ra nh\u1eefng th\u00fa vui \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c, h\u1ecd th\u00edch th\u1ee9 g\u00ec th\u00ec bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Y\u0101ma, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u00fa v\u00ec v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 sung m\u00e3n v\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh tri. Ai tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf ra tr\u0103m xe c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean sau \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a s\u1ef1 v\u1ee5 l\u1ee3i, c\u1ea7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">danh, c\u00f3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c mang \u01a1n, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Do nh\u1edd l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1u l\u1edbn, nh\u01b0ng do l\u1eadp t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, h\u1ecd r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 sung m\u00e3n, t\u00e2m tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean trong <em>\u201cv\u1ecb ng\u1ecdt\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y, b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng xem l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1eaby d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, \u00eam \u00e1i c\u1ee7a ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng 800 n\u0103m \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.6- Tha h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i <em>(Paranimmitavasavatt\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ra c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u00ecnh. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i <em>(h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 H\u00f3a l\u1ea1c thi\u00ean) <\/em>m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a thi\u00ean n\u1eef, l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ti\u1ec7n nghi g\u00ec h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong Tam gi\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ma, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua tr\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ta hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ma ba tu\u1ea7n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi H\u00f3a L\u1ea1c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed tr\u0103m xe c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, th\u00ec c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi Tha H\u00f3a n\u00e0y do b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ea3 h\u1eb1ng mu\u00f4n xe nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho c\u1ea3 huy\u1ec7n, c\u1ea3 t\u1ec9nh, c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u l\u1ee3i, c\u1ea7u danh, c\u00f3 m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n H\u00f3a L\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng 1600 n\u0103m \u1edf nh\u00e2n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 6 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t \u0111au kh\u1ed5, do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f9ng l\u1eadp t\u00e2m sai kh\u00e1c \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd h\u01a1n c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng thua con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh s\u01a1 qu\u1ea3, nh\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 <em>(v\u1ecb A-na-h\u00e0m th\u00ec \u1edf Ng\u0169 t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f3a sanh; b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean, do ph\u01b0\u1edbc <a><\/a>b\u00e1u, h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu n\u1eef hay m\u1ed9t thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean l\u1ed1i 15, 16 tu\u1ed5i v\u1edbi y ph\u1ee5c, m\u0169 m\u1ea1o, ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbng sang c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ee9 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i trong tu\u1ed5i thanh xu\u00e2n \u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e0 l\u00e3o, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, \u1ed1m \u0111au, tai n\u1ea1n g\u00ec cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>16 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n H\u1eefu s\u1eafc <em>(Bhavajh\u0101na hay R\u016bpa-loka)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. Tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, sang tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 6 tr\u00fa c\u0103n: M\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd. C\u00f5i tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng c\u00f3 6 tr\u00fa c\u0103n nh\u01b0 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng t\u1ebf vi v\u00e0 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nam, c\u00f3 n\u1eef. Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>\u0110\u1ebfn S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nam, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1eef, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 3 tr\u00fa c\u0103n l\u00e0 m\u1eaft, tai v\u00e0 \u00fd <em>(kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00fa c\u0103n m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 da). <\/em>C\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. Ai \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u1ea1n v\u00e0o s\u00e2u ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eafc t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.1- Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00fang thi\u00ean <em>(Brahmap\u0101risajj\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, ch\u01b0a vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, ch\u01b0a an tr\u00fa th\u00e2m s\u00e2u; ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, h\u1ecd h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n c\u00f2n c\u1ea1n c\u1ee3t, th\u00f4 s\u01a1, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng, h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean n\u00e0y. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng trong vinh quang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac r\u1ea5t t\u1ebf nh\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac vi t\u1ebf v\u00e0 thanh tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m ch\u00fang thi\u00ean l\u00e0 1\/3 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.2- Ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ee5 thi\u00ean <em>(Brahmapurohita)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, c\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nghi\u1ec7m chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, s\u1ebd h\u00f3a sanh l\u00e0m v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ee5 thi\u00ean. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n cao h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m ch\u00fang thi\u00ean. H\u1ecd ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1, c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c b\u00ed th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 danh v\u1ecdng, c\u00f3 h\u00e0o quang, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u sang c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n &#8211; t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea1m ch\u00fang thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng 1\/2 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.3- \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean <em>(Mah\u0101brahma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c; h\u1ecd v\u00e0o ra \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 \u00fd, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1m coi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u, ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i <a><\/a>nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ecbnh m\u00e3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng 1 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1- Thi\u1ec3u quang thi\u00ean <em>(Paritt\u0101bha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n s\u1ebd h\u00f3a sanh l\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean th\u00e2n t\u1ecfa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, du h\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1ng trong vinh quang c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 2 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2- V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang thi\u00ean <em>(Appam\u0101\u1e47\u0101bha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc s\u1ebd h\u00f3a sanh n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean th\u00e2n t\u1ecfa \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, du h\u00e0nh t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, s\u1ed1ng trong vinh quang c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 4 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.3- Di\u1ec7u quang thi\u00ean <em>(\u0100bhassara) <\/em><sup>(3)<\/sup><\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean <a><\/a>m\u00e3n th\u00ec h\u00f3a sanh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng xao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 8 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a tam thi\u1ec1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.1- Thi\u1ec3u t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean <em>(Paritt\u0101subha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1eeba m\u1edbi v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tam thi\u1ec1n, ch\u01b0a v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ch\u01b0a thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, th\u00ec h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u00e0o quang trong su\u1ed1t, thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 16 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.2- V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean <em>(Appam\u0101\u1e47\u0101subha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh tam thi\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c. Th\u00e2n h\u1ecd t\u1ecfa h\u00e0o quang v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 32 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><strong>3.3- Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean <em>(Subhaki\u1e47\u1e47\u0101).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh tam thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c. H\u00e0o quang c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng xao \u0111\u1ed9ng, trong su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 64 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.1-<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Qu\u1ea3ng<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>qu\u1ea3 thi\u00ean (<em>Vehapphala)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh t\u00edn, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 <em>(ng\u0169 c\u0103n, ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c) \u201c\u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 an vui r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.2- V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean (Asa\u00f1\u00f1asatta)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00e1n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o th\u00ec h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc <em>(t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n \u1edf d\u1ea1ng ti\u1ec1m mi\u00ean).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> \u0100bhassar\u0101: L\u00e0 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, ph\u00f3ng quang ra. Ph\u1ea1m Kim Kh\u00e1nh d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 quang \u00e2m; t\u00f4i ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang, v\u00ec quang \u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian <em>(quang l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng, \u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i). <\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t l\u00fac d\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 500 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 &#8211; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 Qu\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.3- T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean (Suddh\u0101v\u0101sa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh B\u1ea5t Lai \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, t\u00edn, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u\u201d <\/em>h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00e0y cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n lu\u00f4n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. T\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f3 5 c\u00f5i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00f4 phi\u1ec1n thi\u00ean <em>(Aviha): <\/em>C\u00f5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh B\u1ea5t Lai c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin sung m\u00e3n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh kh\u00e1c <em>(t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7).<\/em><\/li><li>V\u00f4 nhi\u1ec7t thi\u00ean <em>(Atappa): <\/em>Trong 5 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n sung m\u00e3n h\u01a1n.<\/li><li>Thi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn thi\u00ean <em>(Sudassa): <\/em>C\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m sung m\u00e3n h\u01a1n t\u00edn, t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ecbnh, hu\u1ec7.<\/li><li>Thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n thi\u00ean <em>(Sudassi): <\/em>C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh sung m\u00e3n h\u01a1n t\u00edn, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, hu\u1ec7.<\/li><li>S\u1eafc c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh thi\u00ean <em>(Akani\u1e6d\u1e6dha): <\/em>C\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 sung m\u00e3n h\u01a1n t\u00edn, t\u1ea5n,<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd V\u00f4 phi\u1ec1n thi\u00ean: 1000 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd V\u00f4 nhi\u1ec7t thi\u00ean: 2000 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd Thi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn thi\u00ean: 4000 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd Thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n thi\u00ean: 8000 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd S\u1eafc c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh thi\u00ean: 16.000 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5-&nbsp;&nbsp; B\u1ed1n c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 s\u1eafc<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t, h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i danh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng; danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi; tuy nhi\u00ean, do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y t\u00e1ch danh ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1eafc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i, gi\u1eef m\u00e3i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nam, gi\u1ed1ng n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd c\u0103n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u0103n m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ec1n, th\u00ec V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 4 c\u00f5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.1- Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n <em>(\u0100k\u0101s\u0101n\u00e3nc\u0101yatana)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng gian l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u1eadn r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd tr\u00fa trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u1eadn \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 20.000 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.2- Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n <em>(Vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a\u00f1c\u0101yatana)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u1eadn r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd tr\u00fa trong th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 t\u1eadn \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 40.000 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.3- V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n <em>(\u0100ki\u00f1ca\u00f1\u00f1ayatana)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 60.000 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.4- Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng, phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n <em>(Nevasa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101-n\u0101sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101- <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>yatana)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c <em>(phi t\u01b0\u1edfng) <\/em>m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c <em>(phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng); <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1ea5t vi t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u00e0 84.000 \u0111\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 \u0111i, v\u1ec1, nh\u00e2n, qu\u1ea3, kh\u1ed5, vui \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh tu t\u1eadp, l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. S\u1edf d\u0129 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi <em>(li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5) <\/em>c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ea7u v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u00ean sai v\u1ea1n bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec1u quy v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed7 t\u00e1i sanh, h\u00f3a sanh hay thai sanh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00fa v\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ng\u1ecdc Ho\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf <em>(tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch) <\/em>v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00e1c <em>(Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/em>) c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n sinh t\u1eed, xu\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c l\u00ean theo nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, ph\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ee9c tin c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y qu\u00e1 xa x\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd; nh\u01b0ng qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hay sao? S\u1ef1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 thi\u00ean v\u0103n, v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3, nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean. Do v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c To\u00e0n Tri Di\u1ec7u Gi\u00e1c c\u00f2n ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea7n m\u00f2, th\u0103m d\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C: NH\u1eeeNG C\u1ea2NH GI\u1edaI<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><strong>TAM <\/strong><strong>GI\u1edaI<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td><strong>31 C\u00d5I<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>TU\u1ed4I <\/strong><strong>TH\u1ecc<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 thi\u00ean V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 thi\u00ean Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 thi\u00ean <strong>&nbsp;<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 thi\u00ean<\/td><td>84.000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>V\u00d4 S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>60.000 M.K 40.000 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>20.000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>T\u1ee9 Th\u1ec1n<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>S\u1eafc c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh thi\u00ean<\/td><td>16.000<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Ng\u0169<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>t\u1ecbnh<\/td><td>Thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n thi\u00ean<\/td><td>8.000 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>c\u01b0<\/td><td>Thi\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn thi\u00ean<\/td><td>4.000 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>thi\u00ean<\/td><td>V\u00f4 nhi\u1ec7t thi\u00ean<\/td><td>2.000 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>V\u00f4 phi\u1ec1n thi\u00ean<\/td><td>1.000 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>V\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean<\/td><td>500<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>S\u1eaeC GI\u1edaI<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Qu\u1ea3ng qu\u1ea3 thi\u00ean<\/td><td>500 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tam Thi\u1ec1n<\/td><td>Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean<\/td><td>64 M.K 32 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Thi\u1ec3u t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean<\/td><td>16 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Nh\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n<\/td><td>Di\u1ec7u quang thi\u00ean<\/td><td>8 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng quang thi\u00ean<\/td><td>4 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Thi\u1ec3u quang thi\u00ean<\/td><td>2 M.K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>S\u01a1 Thi\u1ec1n<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean<\/td><td>1 K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ee5 thi\u00ean<\/td><td>1\/2 K<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00fang thi\u00ean<\/td><td>1\/3 K<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>7 <\/strong>c\u1ea3nh h\u1eefu ph\u00fac&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c<\/td><td>Tha h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i<\/td><td>16.000 TT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>H\u00f3a l\u1ea1c thi\u00ean<\/td><td>8.000 TT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ea9u-su\u1ea5t-\u0111\u00e0<\/td><td>4.000 TT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>D\u1ea1-ma<\/td><td>2.000 TT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0110ao L\u1ee3i<\/td><td>1.000 TT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>D\u1ee4C<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/td><td>500 TT<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>GI\u1edaI<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/td><td>Kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0111\u1ecbnh<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>4 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh<\/td><td>A-tu-la<\/td><td>-nt-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ec9<\/td><td>-nt-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>S\u00fac sanh<\/td><td>-nt-<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>\u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c<\/td><td>-nt-<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng: 500 T.T = 9.000.000 n\u0103m Tha h\u00f3a t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i: 16.000 T.T = 9.216.000.000 n\u0103m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M.K = Mah\u0101kappa <em>(\u0110\u1ea1i a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A.K = Asankheyya kappa <em>(A-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T.T = N\u0103m, t\u00ednh theo c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">T\u1ee8 NHI\u1ebeP PH\u00c1P <strong>(Catt\u0101ra-sa\u1e45g\u0101ha-vatthu)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 Nhi\u1ebfp Ph\u00e1p hay B\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p T\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb <em>\u201csa\u1e45g\u0101ha vatthu\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thu ph\u1ee5c, nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a, c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 4 ph\u00e1p, 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, t\u1ee9c ch\u01b0 <a><\/a>b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a, c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang sanh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1, g\u1eafn b\u00f3 thi\u1ebft c\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00ec c\u00e1i b\u00e0n s\u1ebd kh\u1eadp khi\u1ec5ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, B\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p T\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m h\u1eb3n hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady 4 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed <em>(D\u0101na)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u0101na ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 cho \u0111i, cho \u0111i c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp, cho \u0111i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ban r\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, bao la, c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ea7n m\u00e9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u00ean sau s\u1ef1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, x\u1ea3 ly v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u0101na l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, xu\u1ea5t gia, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tinh t\u1ea5n, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1eeb v\u00e0 x\u1ea3).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>D\u0101na l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed t\u1ea1i gia <em>(b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ed gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n).<\/em><\/li><li>D\u0101na l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi <em>(t\u00edn, gi\u1edbi, v\u0103n, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, D\u0101na l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh trang, l\u00e0 t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 c\u01a1m \u0103n, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng cho ch\u00fang sanh trong m\u1ecdi cu\u1ed9c l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i mi\u1ec1n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, Ph\u1eadt Thinh V\u0103n Gi\u00e1c trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp ai ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trang b\u1ecb l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m d\u0101na \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(D\u0101nap\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1eadc h\u1ea1. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, xe c\u1ed9, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, \u0111\u1ed3 m\u1eb7c, thu\u1ed1c men, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, ng\u1ecdc ng\u00e0, ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ngai v\u00e0ng, qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, v\u1ee3 con c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i d\u0101na p\u0101ram\u012b b\u1eadc h\u1ea1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(D\u0101na upap\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1eadc trung. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt n\u1ed9i th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 tay, ch\u00e2n, tai, m\u1eaft. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho 1 l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch, 1 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadn m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ebft, thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u1eafng ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(D\u0101na paramatthap\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, lo\u1ea1i cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n, hy sinh c\u1ea3 sanh m\u1ea1ng, t\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c <em>(N\u1ebfu b\u1ed1 th\u00ed tim, gan&#8230; m\u00e0 sau khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ebft, c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i th\u1eafng ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u00e0y).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u0101na v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec c\u00f3 ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao trong nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng tinh th\u1ea7n d\u0101na \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ec3 \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ti\u00eau ch\u00ed c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, tuy nhi\u00ean, trong T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9 kinh, ta c\u00f2n b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00e0i v\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00e0i v\u1eadt <em>(\u0101misa-d\u0101na): <\/em>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n&#8230; n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, y ph\u1ee5c, thu\u1ed1c men, ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 cho T\u0103ng k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fac chu\u00f4ng, ch\u00fa t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng li\u00eau th\u1ea5t, t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1, tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, ch\u00f9a c\u1ea3nh, b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p&#8230; c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do b\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00e0i v\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i v\u1eadt <em>(\u0101misa-sa\u1e45g\u0101ha), <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c, thu ph\u1ee5c, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb thi\u00ean x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadt b\u1ec7nh, tai \u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, bao dung, bi m\u1eabn n\u00e0y m\u00e0 thu ph\u1ee5c, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed Ph\u00e1p <em>(dhamma-d\u0101na): <\/em>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed Ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a, nh\u01b0: Thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u1ea1y thi\u1ec1n, d\u1ea1y gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, t\u1eb7ng kinh s\u00e1ch, in \u1ea5n kinh s\u00e1ch; ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u00ean c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh b\u1edfi ph\u00e1p <em>\u201cdhamma-sa\u1e45g\u0101ha\u201d, <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c, thu ph\u1ee5c, ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p. Ph\u00e1p \u1edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a, nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng&#8230; l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hoan h\u1ef7 nghe theo. \u0110\u00f4i khi l\u00e0 an \u1ee7i, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 tinh th\u1ea7n khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c g\u1eb7p ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. Cao h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c c\u0103n c\u01a1, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, b\u1edbt kh\u1ed5 th\u00eam vui. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec c\u1ea3, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o, s\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, t\u01b0\u01a1i vui, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n gi\u00e1o. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c b\u1edfi ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f4i n\u01a1i c\u00f2n th\u00eam v\u00f4 \u00fay th\u00ed, l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i an \u1ee7i, khuy\u00ean l\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7i lo l\u1eafng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, b\u1ea5t an tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, tai \u01b0\u01a1ng, ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 th\u00ed.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00ed <em>(p\u0101\u1e6dipuggalikad\u0101na): <\/em>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Do c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m t\u00ecnh ri\u00eang ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng, d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i hay qu\u00ea qu\u00e1n&#8230;<\/li><li>T\u0103ng th\u00ed <em>(sa\u1e45ghad\u0101na): <\/em>Hay t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u00ed. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u01b0 n\u00e0y s\u01b0 kia, th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 4 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1edf l\u00ean. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y do T\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u0103ng th\u00ed <em>(b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ebfn T\u0103ng).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng d\u0101na trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- D\u0101na trong tu vi\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n <em>(v\u1edbi tu s\u0129)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 tu s\u0129, l\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi tri T\u1ee9c v\u1edbi l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00ec ngo\u00e0i v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, s\u1edf h\u1eefu, t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. C\u00f3 v\u1eadt g\u00ec d\u01b0, th\u1eeba n\u00ean san s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn huynh \u0111\u1ec7, gi\u1edbi t\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh. Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a c\u1eed, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An \u1ee7i b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o, huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng tu khi h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p chuy\u1ec7n bu\u1ed3n, oan \u1ee9c, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng&#8230;<\/li><li>Khuy\u00ean l\u01a1n, s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ed1i ch\u00ed, ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng, th\u1ee7 ph\u1eadn, c\u1ea7u an, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c&#8230;<\/li><li>San s\u1ebb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o, gi\u1edbi t\u1eed v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i \u0111i\u1ec3n, ngo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5, lao t\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1o trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1eeda c\u1ee7i, g\u00e1nh n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y, qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ea3nh, b\u1ebfp n\u00fac, gi\u1eb7t gi\u0169, h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u0103ng&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2- D\u0101na trong th\u00f4n x\u00f3m, ph\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e3 <em>(v\u1edbi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c do l\u00e0m \u0103n ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n khen ng\u1ee3i. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean chia l\u00e0m n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u00e1i s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh v\u1ed1n li\u1ebfng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0103n.<ul><li>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng v\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed \u0103n \u1edf, sinh ho\u1ea1t gia \u0111\u00ecnh, lo cho cha m\u1eb9, con c\u00e1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh chi d\u00f9ng khi c\u01a1 nh\u1ee1, b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc, r\u1ee7i ro&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng khi tai n\u1ea1n, \u1ed1m \u0111au, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, b\u00e0 con quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, b\u00ean n\u1ed9i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 <em>\u201cthi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p\u201d <\/em>cho mai h\u1eadu, kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cch\u00f4n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Tam B\u1ea3o, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng; s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn sinh ho\u1ea1t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u ho\u1eb7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u1ebft b\u1ea1c v\u00e0ng, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n khi t\u00e2m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi ba-la-m\u1eadt, v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u0101na trong T\u1ee9 Nhi\u1ebfp Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, san s\u1ebb, chia s\u1edbt ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng; c\u1ed1t \u00fd l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, c\u00f4 qu\u1ea3, t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft quan t\u00e2m gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, an \u1ee7i h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u0103n \u0111\u1eafp, m\u1ed9t lon g\u1ea1o n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em cho b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng to l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ec7nh x\u00e1, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 m\u00e1t, c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean, gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1ec7 sinh c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng\u2026 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh tham gia, \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c hay ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c. Vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n, khuy\u00ean l\u01a1n, d\u00f9ng th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nhi\u1ebfp c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c <\/em><em>T\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, cho \u0111i! Cho \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, v\u00f4 vi c\u00f5i v\u1ec1 Tr\u00ean tay m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gieo \u01b0\u01a1m b\u1ebfn v\u1ecdng, b\u1edd m\u00ea nh\u00e2n ho\u00e0n!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>\u00c1i Ng\u1eef <em>(Piyavajja)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, \u00e1i ng\u1eef l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng, nhu thu\u1eadn, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, tuy nhi\u00ean, ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i ng\u1eef sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00c1i ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian h\u1ecd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1i ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, mua chu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1m d\u1ed7, thu ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u l\u00fd do, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch <em>&#8220;\u0111\u1eafc nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m&#8221;, <\/em>h\u1ecd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng sao, h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c giao ti\u1ebfp, \u0103n n\u00f3i th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch <em>&#8220;\u0111\u1eafc nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m&#8221;, <\/em>khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt <em>&#8220;\u0111\u1eafc nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m&#8221; <\/em>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebfu c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh d\u1ec5 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng con bu\u00f4n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kinh doanh l\u00fac giao ti\u1ebfp, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb&#8230; h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1i ng\u1eef, d\u00f9ng thu\u1eadt \u00e1i ng\u1eef r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp, b\u00e0i b\u1ea3n. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n!<\/li><li>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 linh m\u1ee5c, m\u1ee5c s\u01b0; b\u00e1c s\u0129 m\u1edf ph\u00f2ng m\u1ea1ch t\u01b0, nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o m\u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbp ri\u00eang&#8230;; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u00e1i ng\u1eef m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4n ngoan, kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai theo, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tu s\u0129 m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0103n n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o, d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn&#8230; nh\u1eb1m thu h\u00fat, chinh ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c tham v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 &#8211; \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng \u00e1i ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n n\u1eefa. C\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u00e1i ng\u1eef \u1edf th\u1ebf gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e3i, truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o&#8230; trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea9n gi\u1ea5u m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1i ng\u1eef ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00c1i ng\u1eef trong \u00e1i ng\u1eef nhi\u1ebfp<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u0103n hoa, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, ch\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1t, d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt, d\u1ec5 nghe, \u00eam \u00e1i, v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, khoan kho\u00e1i&#8230; c\u00e1i l\u1ed7 tai \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 <em>\u201cc\u00e1i m\u1ef9\u201d. <\/em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, \u00e1i ng\u1eef ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c \u00e1i ng\u1eef nhi\u1ebfp r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t \u00e1i ng\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u00edch, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ph\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf trong t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 <em>\u201cc\u00e1i ch\u00e2n\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201cc\u00e1i thi\u1ec7n\u201d <\/em>n\u1eefa v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu \u00e1i ng\u1eef m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ef9, thi\u1ebfu ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eeba m\u1ecb, d\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3a hoa gi\u1ea5y l\u00f2e lo\u1eb9t s\u1eafc m\u00e0u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, \u00e1i ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u00e2n: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, y c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt.<\/li><li>Thi\u1ec7n: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, an vui cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a t\u00e2m linh.<\/li><li>M\u1ef9: L\u1eddi n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng, nhu thu\u1eadn&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eafc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e1i ng\u1eef nhi\u1ebfp, l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9. C\u00f3 ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ef9 th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 m\u1ef9, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i \u0111\u00e3i b\u00f4i, kh\u00e1ch s\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3. C\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1t, con thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1. C\u00f3 ch\u00e2n, m\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng cao \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi qu\u1ea7n sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i \u00e1i ng\u1eef to\u00e0n b\u00edch \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, n\u00f3i \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, hung d\u1eef, t\u1ee5c t\u0129u, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu s\u0129 hay c\u01b0 s\u0129 n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u00e1i ng\u1eef nhi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u1ebfp h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea7n, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 xi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c <\/em><em>N\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e2u<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u1ea1i th\u00eam thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9 b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n sinh <\/em><em>\u0110\u00f3a hoa th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u1eeb h\u00f2a, \u00e1i ng\u1eef c\u00e2u kinh mi\u1ec7ng v\u00e0ng!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u1ee3i H\u00e0nh <em>(Atthacariya)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec m\u00e0&nbsp;&nbsp; hai b\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i. C\u00f9ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eebng v\u00ec l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh; ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tu s\u0129, ch\u1eef l\u1ee3i n\u00e0y thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay l\u00e0 c\u00e1i l\u1ee3i thu\u1ed9c tinh th\u1ea7n. C\u00e1i l\u1ee3i v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, \u1ee9ng x\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, <em>\u201cl\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd ph\u1ea3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c b\u00e1o. C\u00f3 l\u1ea1c b\u00e1o ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai\u201d. <\/em>L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean do t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda thuy\u1ebft l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i, h\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb, mu\u1ed9i l\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, l\u00e0m y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng tham, s\u00e2n, si c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.<\/li><li>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u00e1t sanh, n\u1ea9y m\u1ea7m, th\u00eam tham s\u00e2n si ho\u1eb7c th\u00f3i h\u01b0, t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn l\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, gi\u1edbi tu s\u0129 trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng hoa v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01b0 s\u0129 t\u1ea1i gia, l\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u1eefa. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu qu\u00e1 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ecf qu\u00ean ho\u1eb7c xem nh\u1eb9 ngh\u0129a tinh th\u1ea7n, th\u00ec ch\u1eef l\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t n\u1ed9i dung cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 thi\u00eang li\u00eang c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1eef l\u1ee3i mang ngh\u0129a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ea3 h\u1eb1ng tr\u0103m, h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n l\u1ea5y ngh\u0129a l\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u1eb7c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch tu t\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. H\u1ecd th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. M\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u1eady. M\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt l\u1eadp t\u00e2m tu h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 y c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i c\u00e0nh, nh\u00e1nh, ng\u1ecdn <em>(m\u1ea1t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ng\u1ecdn); <\/em>v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c, c\u00e1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, \u00e1o c\u01a1m. Khi m\u00e0 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u00eang li\u00eang th\u00ec kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh uy\u00ean nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n hai m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft b\u00ean n\u00e0o n\u1eb7ng b\u00ean n\u00e0o nh\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed s\u1ef1 cho \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, coi ch\u1eebng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c mua danh, b\u00e1n l\u1ee3i gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 209:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cCh\u00e1nh ch\u01a1n th\u00ec l\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean ch\u00fat n\u00e0o! <\/em><em>Xa m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, d\u1ee5c tu\u00f4n r\u00e0o.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ch\u1ea1y theo nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0o lao gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1eddi. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n d\u00e8 b\u1ec9u, \u1ec9 \u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u1ef5 ganh nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc ch\u1eb3ng r\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng tu!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Ayoge yu\u00f1jamatt\u0101na\u1e43 yogasmi\u00f1 ca ayojaya\u1e43, attha\u1e43 hitv\u0101 <\/em><em>piyagg\u0101h\u012b pihetatt\u0101nuyogina\u1e43).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>IV-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>\u0110\u1ed3ng S\u1ef1 <em>(Sam\u0101nattat\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhau, v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, trong vui kh\u1ed5, ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, ng\u1ecdt b\u00f9i, \u0103n \u1edf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, nhu c\u1ea7u. Sam\u0101nattat\u0101 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau, b\u1eb1ng nhau, nh\u01b0 nhau; kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0 v\u1ecb, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ai trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eefa c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong tu vi\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m, c\u00f9ng \u0103n, c\u00f9ng \u1edf, c\u00f9ng tu t\u1eadp, ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng nhau, kh\u00f4ng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 giao c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eb9, gh\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia n\u00ean giao c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng. C\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0103n \u1edf, sinh ho\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf nh\u00e0 ch\u00f9a, tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ebfp c\u00f2n mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a cao qu\u00fd h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 cao c\u1ea3 \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p v\u1ecb tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec, s\u01b0 c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u01b0 cao h\u1ea1 ng\u1ed3i ch\u1ec9 tay n\u0103m ng\u00f3n, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, b\u1eaft \u0111\u00e0n em, sai b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ho\u1eb7c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1, cung ph\u1ee5ng m\u00ecnh. T\u00f9y theo gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c, h\u1ea1 l\u1ea1p, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ai c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u00e0n anh, c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00ec t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng, v\u00ec t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho \u0111\u00e0n em v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed noi theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, ngo\u00e0i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 s\u0129 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm r\u00f5 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ebfp \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed s\u1ef1 cho linh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1c tha n\u1eefa v\u1eady. C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gia \u0111\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ea1o sinh, c\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i&#8230; th\u01b0\u1eddng mang ra \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng s\u1ef1 nhi\u1ebfp n\u00e0y; v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2u h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ee3i \u00edch cao nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c C\u00f9ng nhau chung \u00fd, chung l\u00f2ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Chung c\u00f4ng, chung vi\u1ec7c, chung \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1ed5 vui \u1ede \u0103n chia s\u1ebb ng\u1ecdt b\u00f9i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>B\u1eb1ng nhau, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f2a an!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 4 ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 T\u1ee9 Nhi\u1ebfp s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3a hoa vi di\u1ec7u s\u1eafc h\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ng\u1ecdt trong l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>hi\u1ebfn cho tr\u1ea7n gian c\u1ed7i c\u1eb1n, kh\u00f4 kh\u00e1t, \u0111ang qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y. N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c soi chi\u1ebfu b\u1edfi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c. Do v\u1eady, tr\u00e1i tim \u1ea5y v\u1eeba gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn, x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng dung ch\u1ee9a v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u0129, nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 c\u01b0 s\u0129, n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1n nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u00f4n n\u01a1i, mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi t\u1ee9 nhi\u1ebfp l\u00e0 vui<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ee3i theo <\/em><em>X\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ed5 neo sang b\u1edd\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>S\u00c1U PH\u00c1P H\u00d2A K\u1ec8NH<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i kinh Kosamb\u012bya \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong Majjhima-nik\u0101ya<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Trung b\u1ed9 kinh), <\/em>l\u00e0 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 L\u1ee5c h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 Ghosita x\u1ee9 Kosamb\u012b c\u00f3 hai nh\u00f3m t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a v\u1edbi nhau. H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng <em>\u201cc\u1ea1nh tranh, lu\u1eadn tranh, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh nhau, \u0111\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau b\u1eb1ng binh kh\u00ed mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 <\/em><em>c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng nhau, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u00e2n h\u00f2a gi\u1ea3i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho g\u1ecdi hai nh\u00f3m t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a \u1ea5y l\u00e0 do h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa t\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa t\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa t\u1eeb \u00fd h\u00e0nh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 d\u00e0i l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u00e1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng <em>(l\u1ee5c h\u00f2a hay s\u00e1u ph\u00e9p h\u00f2a k\u1ec9nh) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 tranh lu\u1eadn, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1- T\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh <em>(Metta\u1e43 k\u0101yakamma\u1e43)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. Nh\u1edd mett\u0101 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00f2a. Khi th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1ea9m m\u00e1t trong d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i trong l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u00ec th\u00e2n \u1ea5y s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, x\u1ea5u \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u1eafc ch\u1ebf, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00f4 th\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 tay \u0111\u1ea5m, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111ao g\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng tu, \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u1edf trong t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi giai c\u1ea5p, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Khi v\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c M\u00e2u Ni, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf th\u00e2n t\u00f4i l\u00e0 l\u00e1 ng\u1ecdc c\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng, th\u00e2n anh l\u00e0 qu\u00ed t\u1ed9c, gi\u00e0u sang v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3; th\u00e2n th\u1ea7y l\u00e0 b\u00e0- la-m\u00f4n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng tinh khi\u1ebft; th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 vai u th\u1ecbt b\u1eafp, th\u00e2n kia l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, c\u00f9ng \u0111inh, h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n-th\u1ebf-gian quy \u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f2a tan, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p trong bi\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do nh\u1edd t\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n h\u00f2a m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ki\u1ebfm, cung, \u0111ao, g\u1eady; thu th\u00fac th\u00e2n trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh. Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00eca xa th\u00e2n \u00e1c gi\u1edbi, th\u00e2n \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u khoan thai, ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c; to\u00e1t ra s\u1ef1 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, h\u00f2a \u00e1i, t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n, c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u1ea5y \u0103n qu\u00e1 no, ng\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 \u1ea5m; trang \u0111i\u1ec3m cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u1ea5y qu\u00e1 cao sang, xa x\u1ec9 &#8211; m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebft, ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, ki\u1ec3m th\u00fac, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00f3; t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tri t\u00fac, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o. Khi c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec th\u00e2n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb. R\u1ed3i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n; \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu, \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00e2y, qu\u00e9t s\u00e2n; lau ch\u00f9i ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, c\u1ed1c li\u00eau&#8230; R\u1ed3i c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c \u0111i ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec1u <a><\/a>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh hay th\u00e2n h\u00f2a c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t chi trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m 3 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng) <\/em>trong 25 t\u1ecbnh quang t\u00e2m s\u1edf, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf trong 8 t\u00e2m Si\u00eau th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>T\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh <em>(Metta\u1e43 v\u0101c\u0101kamma\u1e43)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i c\u1ee7a kh\u1ea9u, c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u1ee7a \u00e1i ng\u1eef. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n h\u00f2a, kh\u1ea9u m\u00e0 h\u00f2a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1ea9m m\u00e1t b\u1edfi mett\u0101. Ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t sanh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, t\u1eeb h\u00f2a l\u00e0m cho l\u1eddi n\u00f3i tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ecbu ng\u1ecdt, d\u1ec5 nghe, l\u00e0m hoan h\u1ef7 l\u1ed7 tai c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u, \u00e1c ng\u1eef, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, ch\u1eedi r\u1ee7a, m\u1eafng nhi\u1ebfc&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd t\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m cho ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, n\u00f3i vu oan, vu c\u00e1o gi\u00e1 h\u1ecda ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eadt, n\u00f3i ch\u00e2m ch\u00edch, n\u00f3i d\u1ec7t g\u1ea5m th\u00eau hoa, n\u00f3i nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, v\u00f4 \u00edch, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm, t\u1ee5c t\u0129u, v\u00f4 duy\u00ean&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh, do v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n xung \u0111\u1ed9t, lu\u1eadn tranh, \u0111\u1ea5u tranh b\u1eb1ng binh kh\u00ed mi\u1ec7ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea9u h\u00f2a l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u0103ng l\u1eef m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m 3 ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p,<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>m\u1ea1ng) <\/em>trong 25 t\u1ecbnh quang t\u00e2m s\u1edf, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf trong 8 Si\u00eau th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, th\u00ec trong l\u00fac m\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e0m, \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, giao ti\u1ebfp, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1eeb bi, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, v\u00ec t\u1eeb bi, t\u1eeb \u00e1i gi\u00fap ta c\u00f3 t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n v\u1ecb tha, r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tham lam, kh\u00f4ng \u00edch k\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tri t\u00fac, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u tham v\u1ecdng ho\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, an vui trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho t\u00e2m ta h\u1eb1ng kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, trong s\u1ea1ch, trong l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng T\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb xu h\u01b0\u1edbng phe \u0111\u1ea3ng, \u1ef7 l\u1ea1i&#8230; h\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh v\u00ec gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3m tr\u1eeb d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, oan tr\u00e1i, n\u00f3 gi\u00fap ta ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn v\u00f4 minh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3i <a><\/a>tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh A-la-h\u00e1n. S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap ta m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tri ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, khi t\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 \u00edch d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ed9 sinh, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9, an l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui cho nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>T\u1eeb \u00fd h\u00e0nh <em>(Metta\u1e43 manokamma\u1e43)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u00fd hay t\u00e2m <em>(theo Abhidham th\u00ec \u00fd, th\u1ee9c, t\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a) <\/em>l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb. C\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd h\u00f2a \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 kinh Kosamb\u012bya \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;&#8230; An tr\u00fa t\u1eeb \u00fd h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t l\u1eabn sau l\u01b0ng; t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tranh lu\u1eadn&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u th\u00ec \u00fd h\u00f2a quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u00fd h\u00e0nh m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh. C\u00f3 \u00fd h\u00f2a m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00f2a v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u h\u00f2a. \u00dd ho\u1eb7c t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng; l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng, l\u00e0m t\u1ed9i g\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 do n\u00f3 c\u1ea3 <em>(c\u00f4ng vi th\u1ee7, t\u1ed9i vi kh\u00f4i).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;&#8230; B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn hay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0103n ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u00e2m \u00fd b\u00ean trong th\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi ph\u1ed1i. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m h\u00f2a th\u00ec th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u h\u00f2a. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a th\u00ec th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n thu\u1eadn h\u00f2a, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1eefa, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, th\u00f3i quen, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, quan ni\u1ec7m, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh ri\u00eang t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00fac s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng theo t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh R\u1eebng S\u1eebng B\u00f2 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Ch\u00fang con suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: Ta h\u00e3y t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng theo t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 con \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng theo t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y. Ch\u00fang con tuy kh\u00e1c th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, ch\u00fang con s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1eefa, s\u1ed1ng nh\u00ecn nhau v\u1edbi con m\u1eaft trong l\u00e0nh, thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3m&#8221; (Trung b\u1ed9 kinh I).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh hay t\u1eeb b\u1ecf b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u1eefa t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng l\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2u. N\u1ebfu ta \u0111em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng <em>&#8220;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&#8221; <\/em>\u1ea5y trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, \u1ee9ng x\u1eed, trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng tu vi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ch\u00fat th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nhau, bi\u1ebft chu to\u00e0n b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng, th\u00ec s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf trong kinh R\u1eebng S\u1eebng B\u00f2:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Ch\u00fang con, ai \u0111i l\u00e0ng kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, so\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n, so\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0. Ai \u0111i l\u00e0ng kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 sau, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1eeba, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec c\u1ee9 \u0103n; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec b\u1ecf v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ecf xanh hay \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lo\u00e0i c\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y x\u1ebfp d\u1ecdn l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, c\u1ea5t \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n, c\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u00e1i b\u00e1t b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed3 d\u01b0 v\u00e0 qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch nh\u00e0 \u0103n. Ai th\u1ea5y gh\u00e8 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, gh\u00e8 n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n hay gh\u00e8 n\u01b0\u1edbc trong nh\u00e0 c\u1ea7u h\u1ebft<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>n\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch lo li\u1ec7u n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u1ebfu ai l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec d\u00f9ng tay ra hi\u1ec7u g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai: Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng lo li\u1ec7u n\u01b0\u1edbc!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>B\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Ch\u00fang con l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y ra ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, b\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam, ch\u00fang con ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00fang con s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thanh cao, hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, xa v\u1eddi&#8230; m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, trong s\u00e1ng, hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c th\u00ec t\u00e2m h\u00f2a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 <a><\/a>\u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui cho m\u00ecnh, cho t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>L\u1ee3i h\u00f2a <em>(L\u0101bhadhammik\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng T\u0103ng l\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n s\u1edf d\u0129 s\u1ed1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi s\u1eefa l\u00e0 do th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a l\u1ee3i h\u00f2a n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1, t\u1ee9c v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, y \u00e1o, thu\u1ed1c men, ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p; c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u san s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh; v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 th\u1eddi \u1ea5y g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, giai c\u1ea5p trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n vua ch\u00faa, qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c, t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e3nh, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1edbp, c\u00f9ng \u0111inh, n\u00f4 l\u1ec7. H\u1ecd t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n b\u1ea7n h\u00e0n trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed9c th\u00e2n v\u0103n minh, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u1ef1 do&#8230; cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0o t\u01b0 h\u1eefu. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. Do v\u1eady, tam y, b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t cho v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Y d\u01b0, b\u00e1t th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3. S\u00e0ng t\u1ecda ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 qua \u0111\u00eam. V\u1eadt th\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Thu\u1ed1c men ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f2ng b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt t\u1eeb t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p, mang t\u00ednh thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c cao nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i nh\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cho nh\u1eefng ai b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ly d\u1ee5c, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u00edch k\u1ef7, t\u01b0 h\u1eefu, l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u th\u01a1 mang gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ef9 h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ng\u00e0n nh\u00e0, m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t xin \u0103n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>S\u00e1 g\u00ec c\u00f4 l\u1ebb, chi\u1ebfc th\u00e2n d\u1eb7m ngo\u00e0i Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec sinh t\u1eed h\u00f4m mai<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>N\u1eafng m\u01b0a, s\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu duy\u00ean!\u201d<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 san s\u1ebb manh \u00e1o, n\u1eafm c\u01a1m, li\u1ec1u thu\u1ed1c cho huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng tu kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n; n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1eed thi\u00eang li\u00eang, cao \u0111\u1eb9p, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb <a><\/a>t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, l\u1ee3i h\u00f2a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c. Khi san s\u1ebb t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ee3i h\u00f2a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho v\u1eeba nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh th\u00ed x\u1ea3 v\u1eeba b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng. N\u00f3 v\u1eafng b\u00f3ng l\u1ee3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u00e1o c\u01a1m th\u1ebf ph\u00e0m, dung t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Gi\u1edbi h\u00f2a (<em>S\u012bla s\u0101ma\u00f1\u00f1nagata)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho s\u1ef1 h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, thanh t\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u00f2a n\u1eefa, v\u00ec gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o <em>(vinayo s\u0101sana m\u016bla\u1e43) <\/em>n\u00ean n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nam T\u00f4ng l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi; tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bi\u1ec7t bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>L\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>Nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd tr\u00ec nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed t\u00e1n th\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 <em>\u201ck\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u1ea3m x\u00fac v\u00e0 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt tinh th\u1ea7n\u201d <\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 gi\u1edbi, ta s\u1ebd tri T\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0103n \u1edf, bi\u1ebft t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng tu, th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt li ti, b\u00e9 m\u1ecdn, c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ecdng c\u1ecf, m\u1ea7m xanh v\u00f4 tri gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n, sa-di c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a sa-di, t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u; gi\u1edbi t\u1eed, c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ecd 5 gi\u1edbi hay 8 gi\u1edbi, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ai c\u0169ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c, thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u00f2m ng\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n nhau. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1ea5y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt gi\u1edbi t\u00f4n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edbi quan t\u00e2m nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5y s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u00e0i h\u00f2a, \u1ea5m c\u00fang, \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ecb; n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed, h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 xung ngh\u1ecbch v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Ki\u1ebfn h\u00f2a <em>(Di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi s\u0101ma\u00f1\u00f1nagata)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: <em>&#8220;N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Trong 6 ph\u00e1p c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, l\u00e0m gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, thu\u1ed9c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! V\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u00e1i nh\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, l\u00e0m gi\u1ec1ng m\u1ed1i cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u1ecdn&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tri ki\u1ebfn hay ki\u1ebfn h\u00f2a l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a L\u1ee5c h\u00f2a, l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p; m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, tr\u1ef1c th\u1ecb; kh\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3m x\u00fac ph\u00f9 du c\u00f9ng tri gi\u00e1c b\u1ecdt b\u00e8o, ch\u1ee7 quan, phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i th\u00f4ng, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 kh\u00fac x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed n\u0103ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, suy lu\u1eadn, di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tri ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn. Ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh v\u0103n, ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh tri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn: Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u00f3 sanh y v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, si\u00eau th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, c\u00f3 sanh y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 hy sinh, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 m\u1eb9, c\u00f3 cha, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u00f3a sanh; \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eadc sa m\u00f4n, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu l\u1eadu. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn\u201d (Trung b\u1ed9 kinh III).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, si\u00eau th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cPh\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c tu\u1ec7 c\u0103n, tu\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c chi, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea1o chi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu t\u00e2m; ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, si\u00eau th\u1ebf\u201d (TBK.III).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u s\u1ed1ng trong gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0, c\u00f3 tinh c\u1ea7n tu t\u1eadp, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri ki\u1ebfn ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft san s\u1ebb, minh gi\u1ea3i cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng tu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng tri ki\u1ebfn ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn h\u00f2a. M\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang tu h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi nhau, sai l\u1ec7ch nhau c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u1eabn ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a. Khi m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng l\u00fd c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, phi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7n th\u00ec h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang \u1ea5y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tranh lu\u1eadn, tranh ch\u1ea5p b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, ph\u00e2n ly r\u1ed3i tan r\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cho n\u00ean, ki\u1ebfn h\u00f2a l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ee7y, l\u00e0 m\u00e1i nh\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a c\u0103n nh\u00e0 th\u00e2u nhi\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn, thu\u1ed9c tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n trong B\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, n\u00ean n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng minh tri\u1ebft cho 5 ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111i theo sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb l\u1ee5c h\u00f2a hay s\u00e1u ph\u00e9p h\u00f2a k\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba bi\u1ebft \u1edf tr\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay, khi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i s\u00e1u nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc s\u1ed1ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Th\u00e2n h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng tr\u00fa <em>(th\u00e2n h\u00f2a c\u00f9ng \u1edf).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>L\u1ee3i h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng qu\u00e2n <em>(l\u1ee3i h\u00f2a c\u00f9ng chia).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Kh\u1ea9u h\u00f2a v\u00f4 tranh <em>(kh\u1ea9u h\u00f2a kh\u00f4ng tranh).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>\u00dd h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng duy\u1ec7t <em>(\u00fd h\u00f2a c\u00f9ng vui).<\/em><\/li><li>Ki\u1ebfn h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1ea3i <em>(ki\u1ebfn h\u00f2a c\u00f9ng r\u00f5 (th\u00f4ng).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Gi\u1edbi h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng tu <em>(gi\u1edbi<\/em><em> <\/em><em>h\u00f2a c\u00f9ng tu).<\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tinh th\u1ea7n L\u1ee5c h\u00f2a \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00ec gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5m \u00eam, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o th\u00ec t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh, h\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia, th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, v\u0103n minh, ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u0103m ch\u00e2u th\u00ec th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tu vi\u1ec7n, t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec1n vi\u1ec7n, Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n, gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh d\u00e0i l\u00e2u.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f4ng, s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i h\u1ecdp v\u1ec1 <\/em><em>\u0110\u1ed3ng tu, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1 hu\u1ec1 hai vai Ph\u1eadt x\u01b0a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd s\u1eb5n r\u1ed3i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ng\u00e0y nay t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang c\u00f9ng vui l\u1ee5c h\u00f2a\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--nextpage-->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>T\u1ee8 V\u00d4 L\u01af\u1ee2NG T\u00c2M<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Catt\u0101ra-appama\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ea7n m\u00e9, bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa <sup>(1)<\/sup> v\u00ec khi tu t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1ed1n t\u00e2m n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u00f9ng \u1edf chung <em>(c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa) <\/em>v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh cao c\u1ea3, thanh t\u1ecbnh <sup>(2).<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: T\u00e2m t\u1eeb <em>(mett\u0101), <\/em>t\u00e2m bi <em>(karu\u1e47\u0101), <\/em>t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 <em>(mudit\u0101) <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 <em>(upekkh\u0101). <\/em>Ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c <em>(\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng \u00e1n) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m thanh cao, l\u00eca b\u1ecf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u1ee5c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, b\u1ed1n t\u00e2m v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m tham, s\u00e2n, c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi <a><\/a>kh\u00e9o tu t\u1eadp, tinh c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 mi\u00ean m\u1eadt c\u00f4ng phu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>A- T\u00e2m T\u1eeb V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>(Mett\u0101-Appama\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb \u00e1i, thi\u1ec7n \u00fd, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1i, h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m, b\u00e1c \u00e1i, nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8230; D\u00f9 v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, tinh t\u1ee7y, ch\u00e2n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, bao tr\u00f9m thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt, c\u00e2y c\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t. Tuy nhi\u00ean, mong r\u1eb1ng, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Br\u0101hmavih\u0101ra: Ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa. Brahma l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Vih\u0101ra: tr\u00fa, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> Br\u0101hmacariya: Ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh cao c\u1ea3, thanh t\u1ecbnh &#8211; hay d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp&#8221;, &#8220;\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a&#8221;, &#8220;chan h\u00f2a&#8221;, &#8220;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&#8221; <\/em>\u1ea5y&#8230; d\u1ec5 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3, l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ta <em>&#8220;th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp&#8221;, &#8220;\u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a&#8221;, &#8220;chan h\u00f2a&#8221; <\/em>v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y ta v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;m\u1ed9t&#8221; <\/em><sup>(3).<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f9ng \u00eam d\u1ecbu, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb; l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb h\u00f2a th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf. N\u00f3 bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t ai. N\u00f3 bao la, m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng&#8230; v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u01b0\u1edbc mong cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean vui, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: T\u00e2m t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ea9y n\u1edf, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, trong l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng dung ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, \u00e1c \u00fd, hung d\u1eef&#8230; C\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb; ch\u00fang th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1 h\u00ecnh, h\u00f3a trang ho\u1eb7c \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1&#8230; t\u1edbi lui l\u00e2n la c\u1eadn k\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u00ecn ra ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i dung th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fang sanh chan ch\u1ee9a. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1 v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>T\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, cao c\u1ea3 trong s\u00e1ng; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1i, c\u1ee7a luy\u1ebfn, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 ban r\u1ea3i t\u1eeb t\u00e2m hay ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 sau: <em>&#8220;C\u1ea7u cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an <\/em><em>vui&#8221;<\/em>. D\u0129 nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh; nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng, xa l\u00eca m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u01b0 k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch, ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f4ng phu, th\u1eddi gian, tinh t\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111i qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/li><li>Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/li><li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd: s\u00e2n, gh\u00e9t, \u00e1c \u00fd, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, hung d\u1eef&#8230; N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. Ta ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o gieo h\u1ea1t m\u1ea7m xanh gi\u1eefa sa m\u1ea1c l\u1eeda. V\u1eady, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, ta ph\u1ea3i thu d\u1ecdn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m. Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 sau: <em>&#8220;S\u00e2n, gh\u00e9t, \u00e1c \u00fd, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, hung d\u1eef&#8230; l\u00e0 m\u1ee5n nh\u1ecdt, l\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 c\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbu m\u01b0ng m\u1ee7, l\u00e0 l\u1eeda n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n; t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u1eeb &#8211; t\u1eeb trong tr\u1ee9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1eady ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, ch\u00fang v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t, lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng vang \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n \u00e1p m\u00ecnh; sau \u0111\u00f3, ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ea7m \u1edf trong t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c l\u1ea7n, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ea7n. T\u00f9y theo c\u00f4ng phu, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t, hai th\u00e1ng&#8230; cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o, khi t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n, ta th\u1ea5y t\u00e2m an \u1ed5n, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, trong s\u00e1ng, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n, gh\u00e9t, \u00e1c \u00fd, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, hung d\u1eef n\u1eefa, l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m t\u1eeb thui ch\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng ti\u00ean b\u1ed9 khi ta r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta gh\u00e9t: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, \u00e1c c\u1ea3m; ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m cho ta d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sanh b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, c\u00e1u g\u1eaft, b\u1eb3n g\u1eaft, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho t\u00e2m t\u1eeb. V\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng, th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec, khi \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00e9t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00ean \u01b0u ti\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ec3u t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng bao la, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh! H\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ra sao!<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta r\u1ea5t y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn: V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu qu\u00e1, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e0y v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m ng\u1eafm th\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u1eeb s\u1ebd th\u01b0\u01a1ng ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, s\u1ebd d\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c trong m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na! V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn kia s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, \u00e1p s\u00e1t, d\u00ednh m\u1eafc l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng n\u1ee1 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t sanh \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1eady.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng: V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1eaft ta kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb th\u00ec r\u1ea5t<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u00f3, r\u1ea5t m\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng <em>&#8220;th\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8221; <\/em>th\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ec ch\u00ed r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta th\u00f9 h\u1eadn: V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i t\u00e2m s\u00e2n ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i. Khi \u1ea5y \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn s\u1ebd kho\u00e1c \u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111eo m\u1eb7t n\u1ea1 t\u1eeb t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 lang thang y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia v\u00f4 t\u00f4i v\u1ea1.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft: V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3; s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fat g\u00ec, s\u1ebd ho\u00e0i c\u00f4ng v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3- Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u00f4<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u00e2m v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1ea3i t\u1eeb t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 trong l\u00e0n kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 c\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m: <em>&#8220;Mong r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; mong r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1eadn th\u00f9, oan tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui&#8221;, <\/em>th\u00ec d\u00f9 ni\u1ec7m 100 n\u0103m, 1000 n\u0103m c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh <sup>(4).<\/sup> Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ta ni\u1ec7m: <em>&#8220;Mong <\/em><em>r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac&#8221;, <\/em>th\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, d\u00f9 l\u1ea5y b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau: <em>&#8220;C\u1ea7u mong cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng cho t\u00e2m t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Th\u1ea7y h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9, th\u1ea7y Ti\u1ebfp d\u1eabn cho m\u00ecnh, th\u1ea7y m\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3n ng\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng lao d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 cho m\u00ecnh n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng: <em>&#8220;C\u1ea7u mong cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac; v\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf&#8221;. <\/em>V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn xa h\u01a1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ng\u0103n, r\u1ed3i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(4)<\/sup> Theo Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 ta r\u1ea5t y\u00eau m\u1ebfn.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta gh\u00e9t.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta th\u00f9&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ng\u0103n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi ta r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bao tr\u00f9m ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, th\u00ec gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a m\u1edd kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i n\u00e0o. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0. Sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebfn ta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 khi ta th\u1ea5y gi\u1eefa m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh gh\u00e9t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh th\u00f9&#8230;, ch\u1eb3ng ai quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n ai, ch\u1eb3ng ai kh\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong l\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e1t m\u1ebb c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb. Khi \u1ea5y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Ta c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng: m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gh\u00e9t, m\u1ed9t <\/em><em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00f9! C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean ta, b\u1ea3o: \u00f4ng h\u00e3y ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ta c\u1eaft c\u1ed5 t\u1ebf th\u1ea7n, ta s\u1ebd tha cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1ea5y th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd x\u1eed s\u1ef1 ra sao? N\u1ebfu ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ta, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ta ch\u01b0a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi h\u1ecd! N\u1ebfu ta l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a ta ch\u01b0a b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ta!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u00fd ni\u1ec7m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><li>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e0o ng\u0103n, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb s\u1ebd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n. Ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: Gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ai b\u1ecb c\u1eaft c\u1ed5 c\u1ea3. T\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u1ea5y m\u1edbi t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh, m\u1edbi vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 n\u00e0y, do t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m an tr\u00fa v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y. Tr\u1ea3i qua s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa n\u00e0y, n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 n\u0103m thi\u1ec1n chi s\u1ebd tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tinh c\u1ea7n th\u00eam n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1t an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n <em>(c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1ee9).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y an tr\u00fa bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u00e2u h\u1eefu v\u1edbi t\u1eeb. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 2, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 3&#8230; v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, cao c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng n\u00e3o&#8230; r\u1ed3i c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m t\u1eeb n\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00eam, bi\u1ebfn m\u00e3n h\u01a1n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>(trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n) <\/em>ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n <em>(trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n). <\/em>V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa <em>(c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: <em>&#8220;N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kheo! Khi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh b\u00e1nh xe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng&#8230; th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 11 l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn v\u1eady&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u00e0nh, an l\u1ea1c: Ng\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1eb1n tr\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng quay qua quay l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e1y, kh\u00f4ng r\u00ean, \u0111i v\u00e0o gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb nh\u01b0 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i thi\u1ec1n.<ol><li>Th\u1ee9c trong an l\u1ea1c: S\u1edbm mai th\u1ee9c d\u1eady r\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc, cau c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e1p ng\u1eafn, ng\u00e1p d\u00e0i. Th\u1ee9c d\u1eady v\u1edbi s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3a hoa t\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1eafm trong n\u1eafng \u1ea5m ng\u00e0y xu\u00e2n.<\/li><\/ol><ol><li>Kh\u00f4ng chi\u00eam bao \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng: N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m m\u1ed9ng th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9ng l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby, huy ho\u00e0ng; th\u1ea5y ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n trang nghi\u00eam, thanh t\u1ecbnh; th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ea1t ng\u00e0o tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng; th\u1ea5y hoan h\u1ef7 l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng; th\u1ea5y nghe Ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee5ng kinh; th\u1ea5y r\u1eebng hoa th\u01a1m l\u1eebng n\u1edf r\u1ed9; th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng cung \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy nga, sang tr\u1ecdng \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi&#8230; Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00e1c m\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c v\u00e2y, l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t, t\u00e9 xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u, th\u00fa d\u1eef \u0103n th\u1ecbt, ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y dao \u0111\u00e2m, t\u00ean b\u1eafn, c\u01b0a x\u1ebb ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea7m ph\u00e2n d\u01a1 u\u1ebf&#8230;<\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(5)<\/sup> Theo Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng tam thi\u1ec1n trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ecd <em>&#8220;l\u1ea1c&#8221; <\/em>vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n <em>&#8220;t\u1eeb&#8221;, <\/em>n\u00ean ng\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng <em>(so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn: \u1ede \u0111\u00e2u ai c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u0169ng m\u1ebfn; \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, b\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ganh gh\u00e9t hay h\u1eadn th\u00f9.<ul><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c phi nh\u00e2n \u01b0a th\u00edch: Phi nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ti\u00ean, th\u1ecd th\u1ea7n, a-tu-la, d\u1ea1 xoa&#8230; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 xung quanh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, an l\u00e0nh; c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i phi nh\u00e2n \u1edf xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an l\u1ea1c, n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng, m\u1ebfn y\u00eau.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean r\u1ea5t m\u1ebfn y\u00eau n\u00ean h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec, che ch\u1edf&#8230; nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cho \u0111\u1ee9a con m\u1ed9t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>L\u1eeda, \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t, kh\u00ed gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m t\u1eeb th\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao tr\u00f9m b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1eb3ng g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i, x\u00e2m ph\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>(Khi \u0111ang an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m t\u1eeb th\u00ec c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng khi x\u1ea3 thi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n an tr\u00fa t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u00ec v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i, b\u1ecb x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n: T\u00e2m v\u1ecb \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng an tr\u00fa, lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9nh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>S\u1eafc m\u1eb7t lu\u00f4n m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, khinh an, th\u01b0 th\u00e1i: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m t\u1eeb t\u1ecfa ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1i vui, hoan h\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi ai, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y; th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c khoan h\u00f2a, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, d\u1ecbu hi\u1ec1n, m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng&#8230; Kh\u00ed s\u1eafc v\u1ecb \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n t\u01b0\u01a1i nhu\u1ea7n ph\u1ec9 l\u1ea1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>L\u00fac l\u00e2m chung kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea lo\u1ea1n: Do nh\u1edd ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eed ni\u1ec7m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ra \u0111i nh\u01b0 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 ngon.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Sanh v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi: N\u1ebfu v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n th\u00ec khi h\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c d\u1eady t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh minh \u0111\u1eb9p tr\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u l\u1ee5c b\u00e1t t\u1ee9 tuy\u1ec7t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- T\u1eeb t\u00e2m su\u1ed1i ng\u1ecdt trong l\u00e0nh<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u1eeb t\u00e2m gi\u00f3 m\u00e1t, tr\u0103ng thanh \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng <\/em><em>T\u1eeb t\u00e2m r\u01b0\u1edbi kh\u1eafp c\u00f5i h\u1ed3ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tr\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi an l\u1ea1c &#8211; m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng th\u00e1i h\u00f2a&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>B- T\u00e2m Bi V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>(Karu\u1e47\u0101-Appama\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t, bi\u1ebft rung \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c; l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n xoa d\u1ecbu, chia x\u1ebb, \u1ee7i an ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, neo \u0111\u01a1n, c\u00f4 qu\u1ea3, tai \u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f3i r\u00e1ch&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m bi c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3 bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian. V\u00e0, cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n \u1ea5y c\u00f2n bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao sang, quy\u1ec1n qu\u00fd, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4, hi\u1ec7n sinh, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o. T\u00e2m bi \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111ang \u0111\u1eafm say b\u1ea3 vinh hoa, quy\u1ec1n th\u1ebf, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb s\u1edbm c\u00f2n t\u1ed1i m\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t mai kia khi ph\u1ee7i tay h\u1ebft cu\u1ed9c s\u1ebd g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafng cay. T\u00e2m bi \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb l\u1eafm b\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ea3i m\u00ea, tr\u0103m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ngh\u00ecn c\u00e1ch th\u00e2u g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ed9i b\u00e1o, \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 t\u1eed th\u1ea7n v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee1i h\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng tha th\u1ee9 cho m\u1ed9t ai? T\u00e2m bi \u1ea5y rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o; m\u00e3i s\u1ed1ng trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u01b0 v\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn; bi\u1ebft bao gi\u1edd \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u1edbi soi chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu t\u1eeb t\u00e2m c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, t\u1eeb h\u00f2a, l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i ng\u1ecdt cho nh\u00e2n sinh, th\u00ec t\u00e2m bi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim d\u1ec5 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai <em>(hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ch\u00fang <\/em><em>\u0111ang sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng v\u00ec bi t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ra bi\u1ec3n t\u00ecm ng\u1ecdc trai \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 \u00e1o c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5. Nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, \u00e1o c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. Nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3 hy sinh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 hay c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng ho\u1eb7c v\u00ec an to\u00e0n cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng v\u00ec bi t\u00e2m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tu t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt, t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 cho ch\u00fang sanh. C\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u00e2m bi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 k\u1ebb s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4 g\u00e1i giang h\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, c\u00f9ng \u0111inh&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u00ec t\u00e2m bi c\u0169ng v\u1eady; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, nam n\u1eef, tr\u1ebb gi\u00e0, huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng, t\u00ean qu\u1ea7n r\u00e1ch \u00e1o \u00f4m hay b\u1eadc v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3 vinh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">hoa xa x\u1ec9. H\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap, chia x\u1ebb, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft xanh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi th\u01b0\u1eddng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t mi\u1ec1n Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y nay, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c hi\u1ec3m \u00e1c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n do ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, do chi\u1ebfn tranh kinh t\u1ebf, chi\u1ebfn tranh t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, n\u1ea1n kh\u1ee7ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u, \u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n v\u00e0 tang t\u00f3c kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. C\u00e1c hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda x\u00ec-ke, ma T\u00fay, m\u00e3i d\u00e2m, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n tr\u1ebb con, HIV, c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch si\u00eau vi, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t, ch\u00e1y r\u1eebng, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang h\u0103m d\u1ecda s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh tinh xanh, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng S.O.S. T\u00e2m bi c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong l\u00fac n\u00e0y h\u01a1n l\u00fac n\u00e0o h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ec3 san s\u1ebb, c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh tin h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia x\u00edch l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nhau ch\u1ec9 trong m\u1ea5y n\u00fat b\u1ea5m. C\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba gi\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn qua c\u00e1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap cho nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u01a1m \u00e1o <sup>(6).<\/sup> C\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u0103m ch\u00e2u b\u1ed1n bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xem nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 chung \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ee3 l\u1eabn nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi <sup>(7)<\/sup>. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00fd l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u00f5: K\u1ebb th\u00f9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u1ea5y t\u00e2m bi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y, thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i. K\u1ebb th\u00f9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft bi l\u1ee5y, s\u01b0\u1edbt m\u01b0\u1edbt, \u00e2u s\u1ea7u, bu\u1ed3n b\u00e3. T\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi t\u00e2m bi, h\u00f3a trang kho\u00e1c \u00e1o t\u00e2m bi n\u00ean r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ng\u1ed9 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d4i! \u0110\u00f3a hoa t\u00e2m bi sao m\u00e0 trong tr\u1ebbo, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, th\u01a1m h\u01b0\u01a1ng, tinh khi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1eddng bao gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng tr\u00e1i tim, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0 b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(6)<\/sup> D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: <em>&#8220;Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecd bi m\u1eabn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e2u, h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh&#8221;. <\/em>C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch n\u1ea1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ef1c th\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd c\u1ee9u tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>I- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, bi m\u1eabn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3m tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tinh c\u1ea7n m\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 an tr\u00fa bi t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, ta ph\u1ea3i kinh qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m.<ul><li>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m bi.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m bi.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m bi.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, ganh gh\u00e9t, hung d\u1eef, tr\u00e1i \u00fd, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n&#8230; <em>(s\u00e2n \u00edt, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i) <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, th\u00ec b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn <em>(s\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u, b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh) <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi. V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thu d\u1ecdn, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u1ea5y ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- \u0110\u1ed9c \u00e1c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 ung nh\u1ecdt m\u01b0ng m\u1ee7, l\u00e0 c\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbu g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc, l\u00e0 l\u1eeda n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang l\u00e0m d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n t\u00e2m ta, l\u00e0m u\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m ta. Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea5y gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft bi t\u00e2m. V\u1eady ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an vui cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn <em>(n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) <\/em>m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed7i gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9, l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, an \u1ed5n, trong s\u00e1ng, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng n\u00e0y; ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u <em>&#8220;h\u1ea1 th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng phu&#8221; <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m bi<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m bi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ngh\u1ecbch l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu ki\u00ean tr\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i l\u00e2u, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1eady s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho s\u1ef1 an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m bi v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m bi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, con c\u00e1i, anh em, b\u00e0 con quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c&#8230; T\u1ea1i sao, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho t\u00e2m bi? Ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1eb1ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, n\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m bi th\u00ec ta d\u1ec5 sai ph\u1ea1m bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t ra th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau. T\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ta t\u1ea1o th\u00eam ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1eady. L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, ta h\u00e3y gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n. C\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n: Tuy kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 sinh ra s\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u01a1ng luy\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con v\u1edbi \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 khi t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u01b0\u01a1ng luy\u1ebfn l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i s\u00e1i ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n, ta h\u00e3y gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n. C\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng: V\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ta d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 c\u1ea3m qua c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn ban \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 d\u1ec5 sinh n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed. Khi m\u00e0 n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed th\u00ec l\u00f2ng tin <sup>(8)<\/sup> d\u1ec5 lung lay, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, kh\u00e1 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng ta h\u00e3y gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng. C\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f3 \u01b0a: V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m bi, xem ch\u1eebng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ngh\u1ecbch. V\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, m\u00e0 \u00e2m \u1ec9 trong l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn&#8230; c\u1ee9 mu\u1ed1n b\u00f9ng l\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ea5y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m s\u00e2n. V\u00e0 khi m\u00e0 s\u00e2n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eb3ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i ch\u00fat n\u00e0o cho t\u00e2m bi n\u1ea3y m\u1ea7m, xanh l\u00e1. V\u1eady h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f3 \u01b0a \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, khoan h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ed9i.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta th\u00f9 o\u00e1n: N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f3 \u01b0a&#8230; th\u00ec s\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 \u00e2m \u1ec9 trong l\u00f2ng; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00f9 o\u00e1n th\u00ec s\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ed9c ph\u00e1t d\u1eef d\u1ed9i; v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft t\u00e2m bi ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. \u0110\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ta mu\u1ed1n gieo h\u1ea1t hoa \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u1eeda.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(8)<\/sup> Tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c. N\u1ebfu t\u00edn n\u00e0y lung lay th\u00ec nghi kh\u1edfi sanh, c\u00f3 nghi th\u00ec t\u1ee9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(vitakka) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1ng than h\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 mong h\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi! Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y v\u00f4 \u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ta th\u00f9 o\u00e1n c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh: C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb t\u00e2m, bi t\u00e2m m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn, luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. R\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m.<ul><li>V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft: T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb t\u00e2m, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m bi<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, t\u00e2m bi d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u00e9m may m\u1eafn, kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i c\u01a1m, r\u00e1ch \u00e1o; nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n c\u1ee5t h\u1ebft tay ch\u00e2n, b\u1ecb phong c\u00f9i kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u m\u1eb7t m\u0169i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ee5n gh\u1ebb, ung b\u01b0\u1edbu l\u1edf lo\u00e9t h\u00f4i h\u00e1m, ru\u1ed3i nh\u1eb7ng bu \u0111\u1ea7y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ea l\u1ebft t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n t\u00e0n n\u01a1i qu\u00e1n ch\u1ee3, s\u00e2n \u0111\u00ecnh&#8230; V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y, t\u00e2m bi s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi l\u00ean: <em>&#8220;Kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh thay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, c\u1ea7u mong cho y s\u1edbm tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh n\u00eau tr\u00ean, bi t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do tham \u00e1c m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tra t\u1ea5n, t\u00f9 \u0111\u00e0y, ng\u1ee5c h\u00ecnh, x\u1eed tr\u1ea3m. Bi t\u00e2m s\u1ebd ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng: <em>&#8220;Th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t <\/em><em>thay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, do ngu si, tham \u00e1c, thi\u1ec3u tr\u00ed&#8230; \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. C\u1ea7u mong cho ch\u00fang s\u1edbm tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i h\u00ecnh&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u1edfi sanh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do c\u1edd b\u1ea1c r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00e0n ma d\u1ea1i; do x\u00ec ke, nghi\u1ec7n h\u00fat m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt v\u1edd nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh ma, x\u00e1c qu\u1ef7. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m HIV, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eafc b\u1ec7nh t\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng nan y, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1c t\u00e1ng, sa \u0111\u1ecda, nh\u1eefng t\u00ean tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi bi t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 bao tr\u00f9m kh\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i g\u00ec ng\u0103n tr\u1edf, t\u00e2m bi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng, \u00e1c h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n&#8230;<ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do m\u01b0u m\u00f4 th\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed9c, x\u1ea3o tr\u00e1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do m\u01b0u m\u00f4 x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t, gian tr\u00e1, l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c, gia s\u1ea3n, ti\u00ean nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi do tham nh\u0169ng, h\u1ed1i l\u1ed9, l\u00e0m \u0103n phi ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh&#8230; m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng <em>&#8220;vinh th\u00e2n ph\u00ec gia&#8221;&#8230;<\/em><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng d\u1ea1 ti\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n, do n\u1ecbnh n\u1ecdt, c\u00fai lu\u1ed3n, b\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee1&#8230; m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y, t\u00e2m bi c\u00f2n bao tr\u00f9m c\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n <sup>(9)<\/sup> v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb&#8230;<ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang say \u0111\u1eafm v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, vinh hoa&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea3i m\u00ea s\u0103n \u0111u\u1ed5i tham v\u1ecdng, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu si, cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfu s\u00e1t, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n, phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t t\u00edn, b\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, h\u01b0 v\u00f4 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e2m bi \u0111\u00e3 l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1eafm r\u1ed3i, n\u00ean d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng bao tr\u00f9m lu\u00f4n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ta r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh.<ul><li>Cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 con, anh em c\u00f9ng th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>B\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f3 \u01b0a.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh c\u0103m th\u00f9.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c, lu\u00f4n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ng\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o, r\u1ed3i tu t\u1eadp t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m bi \u1ea5y cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o, sung m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m bi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, <em>&#8220;c\u1ea7u mong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u00e0nh cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c&#8221;. <\/em>V\u1eady, m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eb1m chung m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u mong, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng. T\u00e2m bi kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Bi kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0ng trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho t\u00e2m bi, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, theo tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(9)<\/sup> Ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n: Theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 t\u00e0n l\u1ee5i, ti\u00eau vong, m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t, ki\u1ec7t qu\u1ec7, gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, thua l\u1ed7, \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i, ly t\u00e1n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, ban \u0111\u1ea7u d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn cho hai \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0ng khi ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a m\u1edd kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, r\u00e0o ng\u0103n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb trong kh\u00f4ng gian nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 <sup>(10).<\/sup> T\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u1ea5y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m bi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean d\u1ec5 chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t, d\u1ec5 an tr\u00fa h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung m\u00e3n t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp \u0111i theo c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1- Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 1<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, t\u00e2m bi l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee5t c\u1ea3 2 ch\u00e2n, 2 tay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ta ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n ra <sup>(11)<\/sup>. Ta quan s\u00e1t <em>(d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 do t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh) <\/em>2 ch\u00e2n, 2 tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng: <em>&#8220;\u00d4i! Kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 thay! B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh thay! V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n ra l\u00e0m sao? Ch\u1eb3ng r\u00f5 b\u1ea1n b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 kinh khi\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u1ea7u mong sao cho b\u1ea1n s\u1edbm tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1c b\u00e1o th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, tr\u00e1i tim h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xao xuy\u1ebfn, rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, r\u1ed3i m\u00f4t ni\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t v\u00f4 b\u1edd tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp t\u00e2m t\u01b0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. V\u00e0 l\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea3m x\u00fac \u1ea5y th\u00f4i. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m bi \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. T\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m bi \u1ea5y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m tinh c\u1ea7n an tr\u00fa m\u00e3i, s\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u00ec 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 5 thi\u1ec1n chi s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i theo Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2- Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e2m bi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn, r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e1ng x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c <em>(nh\u01b0 m\u1ee5c 3).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(10)<\/sup> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean quan ni\u1ec7m: <em>&#8220;Ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&#8221;, <\/em>nh\u01b0ng l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u1eafm v\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do <em>&#8220;t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221; <\/em>t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(11)<\/sup> T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m thu\u1ed9c thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc\u2026 \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed1n kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edbng, hi\u1ec7n ra trong t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 quang t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m bi bao tr\u00f9m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c an ch\u1ec9, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eddi sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. C\u1ee9 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp vi\u00ean m\u00e3n t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac t\u00e2m bi v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng gian xung quanh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1edbi r\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed7i l\u00fac m\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3- Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 3<\/h6>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea1m vi, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f3 \u01b0a, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh c\u0103m th\u00f9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh m\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u0103n, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ngh\u1ecbch th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao tr\u00f9m b\u1edfi nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m bi, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 an tr\u00fa tr\u00ean nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m bi \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. R\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc&#8230; cho \u0111\u1ee7 10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 <a><\/a>l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, cao c\u1ea3, v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1eady. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u1edbi bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ea1t s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m c\u00f3 t\u1ee9, b\u1ecf t\u1ea7m sang nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ecf t\u1ee9 sang tam thi\u1ec1n, b\u1ecf h\u1ef7 sang t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n <em>(h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n). <\/em>V\u00e0 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sang ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <sup>(12).<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II- Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m bi<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu t\u1eeb l\u00e0 cho vui, th\u00ec bi l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi do duy\u00ean, nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00e2m c\u1ea3m, s\u1edf th\u00edch, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh&#8230; cho vui l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u01b0ng c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3. Ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tu t\u1eadp t\u1eeb hay bi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nhau, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh, y\u1ebfu kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00f4i. Khi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1eeb hay bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn chung m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e1t m\u1ebb chan h\u00f2a c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ecf. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 11 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- <\/em><em>Bi hoa th\u01a1m ng\u00e1t, d\u1ecbu hi\u1ec1n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Th\u01b0\u1eddng hay rung \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa mi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n d\u00e2u <\/em><em>X\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1edbt kh\u1ed5, chia s\u1ea7u<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e0 bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, kinh c\u1ea7u trong t\u00e2m\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(12)<\/sup> <em>&#8220;Bi&#8221;<\/em><em> <\/em>th\u00f4 th\u00e1o h\u01a1n <em>&#8220;l\u1ea1c&#8221;, <\/em>ng\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi tam thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n <em>(so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><strong>C- T\u00e2m H\u1ef7 V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>(Mudit\u0101-Appama\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, cao c\u1ea3, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u00e2m h\u1ef7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ef7, \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 m\u1eebng vui, ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u1eebng vui th\u00f4 l\u1eadu, tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1eebng vui thanh cao, thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec1n, trong s\u00e1ng. N\u00f3 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 tinh khi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 n\u1ee5 hoa h\u00e0m ti\u1ebfu vui v\u1edbi gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng xanh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00fai. N\u00f3 trong l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 thanh tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t n\u1eafng reo vui tr\u00ean ng\u00e0n l\u00e1. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4n h\u1eadu, thu\u1ea7n h\u1eadu, ch\u00e2n t\u00ecnh, th\u1ee7y chung nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng b\u00ean m\u00e1i c\u1ecf c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u1ea9n s\u0129 Muni.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 m\u1eebng vui nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 m\u1eebng vui nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, thanh khi\u1ebft, v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 k\u1ef7, v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, tham s\u00e2n; v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c l\u1eafm b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf gian m\u1eebng vui l\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ee3 hi\u1ec1n, con th\u1ea3o, \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ee5 gia \u0111\u00ecnh, tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eafc, x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 cao c\u1eeda r\u1ed9ng, s\u1eafm xe c\u1ed9, ti vi, t\u1ee7 l\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho th\u1ebf gian, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho th\u1ebf gian. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3 t\u1ea1m, ph\u00f9 du c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 m\u1eebng vui \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i lai n\u00ean ch\u00fang b\u1ea5p b\u00eanh, d\u1ec5 tan, d\u1ec5 v\u1ee1. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1eebng vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Do v\u1eady, ch\u00fang th\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00f4 th\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, gian tru\u00e2n v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n m\u1eebng vui trong T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 h\u1ef7, th\u00ec nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thanh cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. H\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 c\u00f3, t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0n t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp; m\u1ed9t n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu m\u1ecdi tham d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, o\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, ganh t\u1ef5 <sup>(13)<\/sup>, xan l\u1eabn. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n do tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00f4ng phu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, do s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, do s\u1ef1 b\u1ec1n gan kh\u00f4ng n\u1ea3n ch\u00ed. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng an tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eebng vui c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, d\u1ecbu nh\u1eb9. N\u00f3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 vui su\u00f4ng, vui nh\u1ed9n, vui v\u1ed3 v\u1eadp, vui \u1ed3n \u00e3, vui h\u00f2 h\u00e9t, vui<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(13)<\/sup> C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a sau \u0111\u00e2y: Ghen t\u1ef5: Ghen v\u00ec thua ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5: Ghen gh\u00e9t; ganh gh\u00e9t: Ganh v\u00e0 gh\u00e9t; ganh t\u1ef5: Ganh gh\u00e9t, t\u1ef5 hi\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u00e1nh tr\u1ed1ng th\u1ed5i k\u00e8n, vui l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i, vui t\u01b0ng b\u1eebng, vui ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng ch\u00e9n ch\u00fa ch\u00e9n anh, vui say s\u01b0a ng\u1ea3 nghi\u00eang, vui n\u00f3i c\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed5n r\u1ea3ng&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00e1c ch\u00fat \u00edt v\u1edbi t\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi. T\u1eeb nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u mong cho h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. Bi nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb, \u1ee7i an t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh. H\u1ef7 nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c an vui, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, may m\u1eafn, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, k\u1ebb th\u00f9 xa c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 vui \u1ed3n \u00e0o, vui nh\u1ed9n; k\u1ebb th\u00f9 g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ghen t\u1ef5, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, ganh gh\u00e9t&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">K\u1ebb th\u00f9 xa c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 \u00edt nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 g\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 th\u00ec nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. Ch\u00ednh ganh t\u1ef5, ganh gh\u00e9t l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n lu\u00f4n t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh an, y\u00ean l\u00e0nh tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi! Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u00e2m \u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng giao, h\u00f2a kh\u00ed gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n sinh. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ganh gh\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5 l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 quang minh c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt, k\u1ebb v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mong ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tha thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n cho r\u00f5 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u1edf trong t\u00e2m. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi l\u00f2ng r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c khi th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh?<\/li><li>Ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1eebng vui khi b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p trong thi c\u1eed ho\u1eb7c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi ?<\/li><li>Th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gian t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, n\u1ec3 v\u00ec, ta c\u00f3 m\u1eebng vui cho h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng? Hay ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i xuy\u00ean t\u1ea1c, b\u00f3p m\u00e9o s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 uy t\u00edn cho b\u1ecf t\u1ee9c, cho h\u1ea3 t\u00e2m ganh t\u1ef5 thua ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/li><li>Khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n, l\u1eafm c\u1ee7a \u0111ang l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 to l\u1edbn, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 vui chung ni\u1ec1m vui v\u1edbi h\u1ecd ch\u0103ng? Hay t\u1ef1 th\u00e2m t\u00e2m ta v\u1eabn b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, ganh gh\u00e9t?<\/li><li>Th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, ru\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u1ee3 con h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, danh v\u1ecdng, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh m\u00e3n, ta th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 vui m\u1eebng cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ta m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00e2m l\u00fd ta s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb th\u00f9 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a, c\u0103m h\u1eadn, mu\u1ed1n cho y t\u00e1n gia b\u1ea1i s\u1ea3n, th\u00e2n t\u00e0n ma d\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n cho y b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n, r\u1ee7i ro, t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, h\u00ecnh ng\u1ee5c&#8230; \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh. Tha th\u1ee9, bao dung<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cho k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Nh\u01b0ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ganh t\u1ef5, ghen gh\u00e9t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bao dung tha th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eebng vui h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho k\u1ebb th\u00f9 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u1ea4y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eadc cao n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, ganh gh\u00e9t, ganh t\u1ef5 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i x\u01b0a nay. Gia \u0111\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ganh t\u1ef5 v\u1edbi gia \u0111\u00ecnh kia. X\u00e3, th\u00f4n n\u00e0y ganh t\u1ef5 v\u1edbi x\u00e3, th\u00f4n kh\u00e1c. D\u00f2ng h\u1ecd n\u00e0y ganh t\u1ef5 v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh. R\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n ch\u00fat n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c kia, c\u1ea3 \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00f2ng ganh t\u1ef5 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch vu oan, gi\u00e1 h\u1ecda \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ganh gh\u00e9t, ganh t\u1ef5 \u1ea5y. Trong ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p ph\u1ea9m gi\u00e1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, bi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh ti ti\u1ec3u, h\u00e8n m\u1ecdn. Ch\u00fang h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang tung r\u00e3i l\u1ea7m than, b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1eadp tr\u00e0n th\u00ea l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y. Khi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ganh gh\u00e9t, ganh t\u1ef5 nguy hi\u1ec3m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfu soi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. Khi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111ang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, ta ph\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eebng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo s\u1ef1 x\u00fai gi\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf th\u00f4i l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu t\u1eadp r\u1ed3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ed3i trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, ta t\u1eadp vui m\u1eebng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac xung quanh ta. Ta t\u1eadp s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi n\u00e9t m\u1eb7t h\u00e2n hoan, th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, chung m\u1eebng, chung vui v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m, th\u00f4n \u1ea5p, l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac kh\u00e1nh h\u1ef7, kh\u00e1nh th\u1ecd, t\u00e2n gia, l\u1ea1c th\u00e0nh. Tuy nh\u1eefng h\u1ef7 n\u00e0y \u0111ang c\u00f2n th\u00f4 th\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ra, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m nh\u1eefng b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, ganh gh\u00e9t&#8230; tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, vui v\u1ebb c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh ta. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho ta tu t\u1eadp h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eadp m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang sanh h\u1eefu ph\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00f4i m\u1eaft xanh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 lu\u00f4n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, xinh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp d\u00e0i l\u00e2u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi v\u1eady. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i cao c\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng cho nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng, ti ti\u1ec3u. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho k\u1ebb ngu si, d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t, bi\u1ebfng l\u01b0\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng lu\u00f4n d\u00e0nh s\u1eb5n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu t\u1eadp c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u1ef7.<\/li><li>Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u1ef7.<\/li><li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ef7.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb, bi v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m s\u00e2n. Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb l\u00e0 s\u00e2n, \u00e1c \u00fd, hung d\u1eef, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y <em>(g\u1ed1c s\u00e2n). <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a bi l\u00e0 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n <em>(g\u1ed1c s\u00e2n). <\/em>Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 ganh gh\u00e9t, ganh t\u1ef5 <em>(g\u1ed1c s\u00e2n). <\/em>Do v\u1eady, b\u01b0\u1edbc s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Ganh gh\u00e9t, ganh t\u1ef5&#8230; l\u00e0 m\u1ee5n nh\u1ecdt, l\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 c\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbu m\u01b0ng m\u1ee7, l\u00e0 l\u1eeda n\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c&#8230; Ch\u00fang thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n, t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t ta v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xung quanh. V\u1eady ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t; lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m v\u00ec h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an vui cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e3i; th\u1eddi gian sau, ganh gh\u00e9t, ganh t\u1ef5 <em>(n\u1ebfu c\u00f3) <\/em>l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u1ef7<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ebd g\u00e2y c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf ban \u0111\u1ea7u cho h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ri\u00eang h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, anh em, th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sanh \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn, tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho t\u00e2m h\u1ef7. Ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7t sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u1ef7. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u01b0 t\u00e2m bi (ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, th\u1edd \u01a1, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta th\u00f9 o\u00e1n.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m h\u1ef7<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n ta h\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn, qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta y\u00eau m\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, anh ch\u1ecb em, th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c.<ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, th\u1edd \u01a1&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f3 \u01b0a.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta th\u00f9 o\u00e1n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y sang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o ng\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb, ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi c\u1ea7u mong, l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi bi, ta l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ef7, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 bi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1eddi c\u1ea7u mong, \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00e2m h\u1ef7, nh\u01b0 sau: <em>&#8220;\u00d4i! Th\u1eadt vui, th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t, th\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi sao l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ta, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng. C\u1ea7u mong sao cho b\u1ea1n ta m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1ea3 d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t \u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd th\u00ec b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m h\u1ef7: <em>&#8220;\u00d4i! Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, anh ta h\u1eb1ng vui v\u1ebb, \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb h\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1, x\u00eanh xang xe ng\u1ef1a. C\u1ea7u mong trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, anh ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u01b0 c\u0169&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m s\u1ebd kh\u1edfi sanh; h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 an tr\u00fa v\u00e0o nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. Khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao tr\u00f9m r\u1ed3i, ta l\u00e0m sao c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u1eefa ta v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta gh\u00e9t, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00f9, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2y, <a><\/a>Nam, B\u1eafc&#8230; r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1eeb v\u00e0 bi, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n (trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n) v\u00e0 tam thi\u1ec1n (trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n) <sup>(14).<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb, bi v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 g\u1ea7n l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c s\u00e2n, c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb th\u00f9 xa l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c tham. V\u00e0 l\u00fac tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0m y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng tham v\u00e0 s\u00e2n r\u1ed3i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(14)<\/sup> V\u00ec <em>&#8220;t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n&#8221; <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf h\u1ef7, b\u1ecf l\u1ea1c (so\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n kh\u00ed m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, trong l\u00e0nh, y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nhau. Tu t\u1eadp h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n t\u1eeb, bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u0169ng cao h\u01a1n, th\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>&#8220;- H\u1ef7 hoan kh\u00f3m tr\u00fac reo ng\u00e0n gi\u00f3 Hoan h\u1ef7 hoa c\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u1ee5 ti\u1ebfu t\u00e2m<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00ecnh n\u00e0y cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t thi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D- T\u00e2m X\u1ea3 V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>(Upekkh\u0101-Appama\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m cao c\u1ea3, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cao s\u00e1ng, thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u1ea5t trong T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 <em>(upekkh\u0101).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Upekkh\u0101 c\u00f3 hai ng\u1eef c\u0103n upa v\u00e0 ikkha; upa ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ikkha l\u00e0 l\u1eadp t\u00e2m, nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. V\u1eady, upekkh\u0101 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00e2m x\u1ea3 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 sen, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9 d\u01a1 d\u00f9 s\u1ea1ch \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u00e2u r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Upekkh\u0101 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, an nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a, khinh r\u1ebb, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00e0, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, \u0111i\u1ec1m nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, may m\u1eafn; l\u1eddi t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, khen ng\u1ee3i&#8230; c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m, l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n thua, khen ch\u00ea, vui kh\u1ed5&#8230; t\u00e2m upekkh\u0101 v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1m nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. N\u00f3 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 an \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 to s\u1eebng s\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e3o to gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, trong phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u00fac th\u0103ng, l\u00fac tr\u1ea7m; ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u0103ng b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1eadt g\u00ec d\u1ea7u chua, d\u1ea7u ng\u1ecdt, d\u1ea7u s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ea7u d\u01a1&#8230; \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ef1c&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ho\u1eb7c, c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- V\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gi\u00f3 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00e1m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n lay Ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ea d\u1edf khen hay<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m chao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e0y tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eadc c\u00f3 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c, r\u1ea1ng ng\u1eddi v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f4n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">k\u00ednh, s\u00f9ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch, \u0111\u1ea3 k\u00edch, s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c, l\u0103ng m\u1ea1, vu oan gi\u00e1 h\u1ecda h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn hay ngh\u1ecbch, t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n an b\u00ecnh, tr\u1ea7m \u1ed5n, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1edd x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, to\u00e0n b\u00edch v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, upekkh\u0101 l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, trung ch\u00ednh, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 l\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi th\u1edd \u01a1, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, ngu\u1ed9i l\u1ea1nh, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m. X\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m \u1ea5y l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a upekkh\u0101 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i. V\u00ec do luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sanh y\u00eau gh\u00e9t, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i n\u01a1i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 upekkh\u0101, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m n\u01a1i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 upekkh\u0101. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 upekkh\u0101 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p, nghi\u00eang l\u1ec7ch, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Upekkh\u0101 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft t\u1ecbch m\u1eb7c, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft xanh tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm k\u1ebb \u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n, t\u00ean t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3 v\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u, k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o, c\u00f9ng \u0111inh hay qu\u00fd t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 t\u01b0, b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 nhau. Gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ea3 4 giai c\u1ea5p th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ef3 th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o; nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a tr\u0103m con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn, th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0m t\u00e0ng kh\u1ea3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay sao?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ch\u00ednh v\u0103n v\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t, upekkh\u0101 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t cao, r\u1ea5t s\u00e1ng, r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, r\u1ea5t thanh tho\u00e1t. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n v\u1edbi t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c. Khi an tr\u00fa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb, bi v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ngh\u0129:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u00e2m m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n mong c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00fang sanh, th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u1ea5y c\u00f2n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n l\u0103ng x\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 an t\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, hung d\u1eef, s\u00e2n, \u00e1c \u00fd nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, th\u00f4 th\u00e1o&#8230;<ul><li>T\u00e2m m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u1ea5y c\u00f2n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n l\u0103ng x\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 an t\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u00f4 th\u00e1o, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00e2m m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n m\u1eebng vui tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t, an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u1ea5y c\u00f2n rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n l\u0103ng<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">x\u0103ng v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 an t\u1ecbnh. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m ganh gh\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, t\u1ecb hi\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u00f2n th\u00f4 th\u00e1o, n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb, bi v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p vi t\u1ebf, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 xao xuy\u1ebfn vi t\u1ebf <sup>(15).<\/sup> Nh\u1edd <a><\/a>th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u00e0 qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m tu ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n <sup>(16)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n n\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m.<ul><li>Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m x\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m x\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m x\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; Lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p; ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng. V\u1eady tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tu t\u1eadp x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ta ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ra kh\u1ecfi t\u00e2m, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p l\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean t\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ed9c, l\u00e0 ung nh\u1ecdt m\u01b0ng m\u1ee7, l\u00e0 c\u1ee5c b\u01b0\u1edbu g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc, l\u00e0 b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m d\u01a1 u\u1ebf&#8230; Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang l\u00e0m n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, u\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m ta. Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang l\u00e0m hoen \u1ed1 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u0103ng hoa tinh th\u1ea7n. N\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p, n\u01a1i \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng&#8230;&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng r\u1eddi xa, l\u1eafng d\u1ee9t luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i v\u00e0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u01b0a n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m x\u1ea3<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sanh luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh h\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, anh em, b\u00e0 con quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(15)<\/sup> L\u01b0u \u00fd: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;\u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221;<\/em><em> <\/em>n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu, <em>&#8220;tu\u1ec7&#8221; <\/em>m\u1edbi b\u1ee9ng nh\u1ed5 t\u00e2n g\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(16)<\/sup> L\u01b0u \u00fd: Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c kasina \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc&#8230; d\u1eabu \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y, tu t\u1eadp x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. X\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ec7 tam thi\u1ec1n <em>(c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, r\u1ea5t th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1, th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m x\u1ea3<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sau khi l\u1eafng d\u1ee9t luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i, t\u00e2m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u1ef1c \u0111oan kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m. V\u00ec x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ea1ng v\u1edbi l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, th\u1edd \u01a1, v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m; n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng gh\u00e9t; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1eb1ng d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ta n\u00ean r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0nh.<ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1eb1ng k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi may m\u1eafn, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ru\u1ed9t th\u1ecbt, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, cha m\u1eb9&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f3 \u01b0a.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u00f9.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng tu t\u1eadp, an tr\u00fa x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00ecnh d\u1eedng d\u01b0ng, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ta. Khi x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ta h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u00f4ng, T\u00e2y, Nam, B\u1eafc kh\u1eafp 10 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean, thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n <em>(hay ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n) <\/em>n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n t\u1eeb, bi v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e8n c\u00f3 th\u01a1 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- L\u00e1 sen ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1eef gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ea5t kia d\u01a1 s\u1ea1ch, gh\u00e9t \u01b0a th\u1ea3n ngo\u00e0i <\/em><em>X\u1ea3 t\u00e2m, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean, thanh tho\u00e1t, n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng&#8221;.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m <em>(Catt\u0101ra-appama\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) <\/em>t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, x\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m an b\u00ecnh, cao c\u1ea3, c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian c\u00f4ng phu h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 mi\u00ean m\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 ghi nh\u1edb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa, ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>&#8220;- Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi con: m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 d\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u1ecb t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a thanh xu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 y\u00ean b\u1ec1 gia th\u1ea5t, s\u1ed1ng an vui, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 d\u1ea1i: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 mong con ch\u00f3ng \u0103n, ch\u00f3ng l\u1edbn, s\u0103n s\u00f3c n\u00f3 t\u1eebng li, t\u1eebng t\u00ed v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a b\u1ecb t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 h\u1eb1ng x\u00f3t th\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 lo l\u1eafng cho n\u00f3, mong n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m bi.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ed1i <\/em><em>v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a thanh xu\u00e2n kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eebng vui tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m h\u1ef7.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9a \u0111\u00e3 y\u00ean b\u1ec1 gia th\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9a con n\u1ea7y n\u1eefa, lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 an b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m x\u1ea3\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng hai n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c xung ngh\u1ecbch nhau: tham v\u00e0 s\u00e2n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb hai n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y chi ph\u1ed1i n\u00ean t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e2n, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, hung d\u1eef, \u00e1c \u00fd&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1eadn th\u00f9, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n, l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ganh gh\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, t\u1ecb hi\u1ec1m&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp x\u1ea3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1i luy\u1ebfn v\u00e0 thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p, gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 an b\u00ecnh, tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ed5i th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dung d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho tham s\u00e2n l\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh ta s\u1ebd t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea7m th\u00f3i h\u01b0 t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u. Tu t\u1eadp t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m ta s\u1ebd t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh. Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m t\u00ean t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3 h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t hay b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n cao c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u1edf ch\u00ednh ta v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ea7u \u1edf qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o, h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u00e0o, ai c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh cao c\u1ea3, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00e0 d\u1ecbu hi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y. V\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng, n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng ph\u1ea9m ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o, v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb, \u0110\u1ea1i Bi, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ef7, \u0110\u1ea1i X\u1ea3 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 n\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>NH\u00c2N QU\u1ea2 NGHI\u1ec6P B\u00c1O<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m s\u00e2u xa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 khi c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3i th\u1ebf, ta c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 \u0111i, t\u00f9y duy\u00ean, c\u0103n c\u01a1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e3nh h\u1ed9i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ta ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i qua nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<ul><li>Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec5u tri.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u1eefng \u0110\u1ecbnh Lu\u1eadt C\u1ee7a V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft nhau v\u00e0 chi ph\u1ed1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt, quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y, trong t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra v\u00f4 v\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, tr\u0103ng sao, thi\u00ean h\u00e0, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00f4 c\u01a1 <em>(Utuniy\u0101ma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1eafng m\u01b0a, ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam, n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh, xu\u00e2n h\u1ea1 thu \u0111\u00f4ng&#8230; Nh\u1eefng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, tinh T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00f4ng, bi\u1ec3n, ao h\u1ed3; c\u00e1c l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c chi ph\u1ed1i, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9c, v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu&#8230; l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt utuniy\u0101ma n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>2-&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/strong><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1eefu c\u01a1 <em>(Bijaniy\u0101ma<\/em>)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Do nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i, ADN, <a><\/a>di truy\u1ec1n, g\u00e8ne&#8230; k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc&#8230; C\u0169ng nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o sinh ra gi\u1ed1ng n\u1ea5y. H\u1ea1t cam sinh <a><\/a>ra c\u00e2y cam. L\u00faa c\u00f3 t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t l\u00faa. G\u00e8ne di truy\u1ec1n trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee5 thai hai tr\u1ebb sinh \u0111\u00f4i gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh. Khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y AND n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t m\u1eabu t\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e2y \u00e1n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c bijaniy\u0101ma n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 \u1ea9n m\u1eadt, s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 n\u1eefa, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p <em>(Dhammaniy\u0101ma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0 lu\u1eadt \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u0169 h\u00e0nh, lu\u1eadt h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, ly t\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb ; nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng sinh l\u00fd h\u00f3a, lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh h\u1ecdc; k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00fac B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t gi\u00e1ng ph\u00e0m, th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m <em>(Cittaniy\u0101ma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u01b0: \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, t\u01b0\u1edfng <a><\/a>t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u1ed3i \u1ee9c, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, k\u00fd \u1ee9c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c&#8230; Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, suy lu\u1eadn, chi ph\u1ed1i sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eefu th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n giao c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m, bi\u1ebft qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1ecb lai ho\u1eb7c thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, thi\u00ean nh\u0129, tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng&#8230; c\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p <em>(Kammaniy\u0101ma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. Khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p <em>(hay b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong 5 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec3m xuy\u1ebft qua, 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang c\u00f3 x\u1ea9y ra ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. Ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 5 n\u00e0y m\u1edbi x\u1ea3y ra nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, mang t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd <em>(thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng) <\/em>m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Tuy l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t <em>(bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p) <\/em>c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i <em>(c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft cho r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch quan \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 quan. C\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y <a><\/a>ra theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn. N\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 sinh ra ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1eeba cho nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec oan cho ba \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong utuniy\u0101ma<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u00f4 c\u01a1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. M\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y do hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>&#8220;elnino&#8221; <\/em>m\u00e0 b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t, \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n x\u1ea3y ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 do n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng, kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t t\u0103ng l\u00ean, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 t\u1ea7ng <em>&#8220;ozon&#8221;, <\/em>m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c &#8211; ch\u00fang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n xa, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp. R\u1ed3i trong c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 qua l\u1ea1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng n\u1eefa v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c: Tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed5 m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh th\u00ec r\u00e9t, m\u01b0a nhi\u1ec1u sinh <a><\/a>ra b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t; tr\u1eddi n\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed gi\u00e3n n\u1edf t\u1ea1o ra gi\u00f3&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt utuniy\u0101ma r\u1ea5t m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong bijaniy\u0101ma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1eefu c\u01a1 x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. N\u1ec1n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00e8ne \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. H\u1ea1t cam sinh ra tr\u00e1i cam, h\u1ea1t \u1edbt sinh ra qu\u1ea3 \u1edbt, nh\u01b0ng do s\u1ef1 lai t\u1ea1o, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00e8ne m\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u1eafng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafng n\u1eefa v\u00e0 to b\u1eb1ng tr\u00e1i b\u1ea7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 tham v\u1ecdng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 trong chu\u1ed7i Adn \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n sinh trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng minh, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe h\u01a1n&#8230; C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i l\u00faa ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cao, b\u1eafp cho nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ea1t, ch\u1ecbu h\u1ea1n, ch\u1ecbu s\u00e2u b\u1ec7nh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ea5t h\u01a1n&#8230; l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y. N\u00f3i d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n <em>(ADN, g\u00e8ne, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c \u0111i, theo \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng, kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3 hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng qua l\u1ea1i nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ch\u1ebft v\u00ec r\u00e9t, ch\u1ebft v\u00ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>\u0111\u00f3i, ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c, ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c&#8230; Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sinh l\u00fd <em>(c\u01a1 th\u1ec3) <\/em>n\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong dhammaniy\u0101ma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t bao la, khoa h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ra h\u1ebft, c\u00f3 ch\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ban \u0111\u1ea7u. Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi, n\u00f3i chung, ta r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng; nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y b\u1ecf v\u00e0o ly n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i l\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0u. L\u1eeda \u0111un n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m oxy bay h\u01a1i. B\u00e0n tay ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p s\u00e1t b\u00e0n tay tr\u00e1i th\u00ec n\u00f3 h\u00fat nhau <em>(\u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c h\u00fat); <\/em>nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu l\u1eadt \u00fap m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay th\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ea9y ra xa <em>(\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u00e2m, d\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ea1o s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea9y). <\/em>Nam ch\u00e2m h\u00fat s\u1eaft, kim sinh th\u1ee7y, th\u1ee7y sinh m\u1ed9c&#8230; th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 <a><\/a>nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m <em>(m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 th\u00f4i) <\/em>nh\u01b0 khi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t sinh ra, \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, m\u1ed9ng du di chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ed1n chi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y ph\u00f9 th\u1ee7y th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5 nh\u1edd n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong cittaniy\u0101ma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. Khoa t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u00fd \u1ee9c, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c&#8230; g\u00ec g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong quy lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. Ch\u00ednh gi\u1ea5c m\u1ed9ng, sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, b\u1ec7nh t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, stress \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm ra quy lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng gi\u1ea5y tr\u1eafng m\u1ef1c \u0111en, r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh ho\u1eb7c ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111ang l\u1ea7n m\u00f2 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00ea cung v\u1edbi tham v\u1ecdng t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3! \u0110\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m, huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng gian b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m, huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec! C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda huy\u1ec1n m\u1eadt v\u1eeba m\u1edbi h\u00e9 m\u1edf <em>(m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u01b0a b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong), <\/em>nh\u01b0 thu\u1eadt th\u00f4i mi\u00ean, th\u1ea7n giao c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m, truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, th\u00f2 tay qua kh\u00f4ng gian ng\u00e0n d\u1eb7m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y ti\u1ec1n trong k\u00e9t s\u1eaft ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i hia v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng\u2026 Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec ph\u00e1t sanh ph\u1ec9 l\u1ea1c <em>(c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u2018ph\u1ec9\u2019 trong <\/em><em>thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi bay qua kh\u00f4ng gian, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadt l\u00fd).<\/em><ul><li>Khi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, khinh kho\u00e1t, an vui.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ta n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, b\u1ed9p ch\u1ed9p, b\u1ea5t an&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01b0 cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, anh em&#8230; th\u00ec ta bu\u1ed3n, ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1ea5y r\u1eafn th\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eafc th\u00ec vui.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; B\u1ecb ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 th\u00ec ta \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfu t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1c ho\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh chi\u1ebfn tranh m\u00e1u, l\u1eeda th\u00ec hay b\u1ecb m\u1ed9ng d\u1eef&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u00f4i khi v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 khoa h\u1ecdc. T\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c l\u00ean nhau \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra c\u00e1c t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 quan: <em>&#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 vui \u0111\u00e2u bao gi\u1edd&#8221; <\/em>c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nhi\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 trong kammaniy\u0101ma<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau d\u1eabn t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ta \u0111i v\u00f4 \u00fd b\u1ecb t\u00e9 g\u00e3y ch\u00e2n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: B\u1ecb t\u00e9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do ta v\u00f4 \u00fd, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n; c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do ai \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang ch\u1ed7 <em>(m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n); <\/em>n\u00ean k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 <em>(qu\u1ea3) <\/em>ta b\u1ecb g\u00e3y ch\u00e2n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi b\u1ecb g\u00e3y ch\u00e2n, \u00f4ng A do nh\u1edd th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t l\u1ebd \u0111\u00f3 <em>(tu\u1ec7) <\/em>v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh) <\/em>n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng than kh\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u01b0\u1edfi tr\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea5t; ch\u1ec9 l\u1eafng nghe s\u1ef1 \u0111au x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c (th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c), n\u00ean tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. \u00d4ng B, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, than kh\u1ed5, than \u0111au, ch\u01b0\u1edfi v\u1ee3, m\u1eafng con, s\u1ef1 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ta l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi khinh gh\u00e9t, b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i t\u00f9&#8230;.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi khinh gh\u00e9t, t\u1ed9i t\u00f9 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. Do nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u1ebd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean \u00f4ng A nh\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean s\u1ef1 o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch ho\u1eb7c than van s\u1ea7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mu\u1ed9n; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u00e1c t\u00e2m, h\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1edbi ai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. \u00d4ng B, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 khinh gh\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed9i t\u00f9 \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c \u00fd ngh\u0129 sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qua hai v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, c\u00e1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ecdi t\u00ean ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101), <\/em>ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh b\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t, gi\u00e0u ngh\u00e8o, tr\u00ed ngu, th\u1ecd y\u1ec3u, may r\u1ee7i&#8230; v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n tri\u1ec7u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230; th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1eb1m trong 5 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1i x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean; \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng Nho g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh tr\u1eddi, \u00fd tr\u1eddi; \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n th\u00ec bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00ean th\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, th\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. D\u00f9 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 &#8211; nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt &#8211; c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y v\u1eabn chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1ea1n lo\u00e0i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y, v\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 n\u0103m. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec5u tri, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt sau c\u00f9ng, c\u1ed1t nh\u1eb1m tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n xa v\u1eddi, b\u1edfi ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm bi\u1ebft h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 chuy\u1ec7n v\u00f4 \u00fd, b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n n\u00ean t\u00e9 g\u00e3y ch\u00e2n! C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00f4 \u00fd b\u1ecf qu\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 con h\u1ed5 ch\u1ea1y tr\u00ean n\u00fai r\u01a1i \u0111\u00e1 xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00edt hoang ngh\u1ecbch. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ta t\u1eebng \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ed1t h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ho\u1eb7c ta v\u1eeba l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c n\u00ean t\u00e2m tr\u00ed b\u1ea5n lo\u1ea1n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00e9 g\u00e3y ch\u00e2n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u1ea3 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt tr\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb sau r\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t do \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ee9c h\u00fat c\u1ee7a m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng l\u00e0m th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u r\u00fat xu\u1ed1ng, th\u00e2n c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i kh\u00f4 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ec7 th\u1ea7n kinh! V\u1eady ai c\u1ed1 \u0111i t\u00ecm nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111i\u00ean lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 do ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c r\u1ed3i g\u00e1nh l\u1ea5y h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3! Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao ta<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u1ea1i x\u1ea5u \u00e1c? Do qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Do ta s\u1ed1ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o? Th\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u0169ng m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadn theo t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a L\u00e3o T\u1eed l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;thu\u1eadn theo t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean&#8221;. <\/em>Thi\u00ean ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;v\u00e2ng \u00fd Ch\u00faa&#8221;. <\/em>\u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;thu\u1eadn thi\u00ean l\u1eadp m\u1ec7nh&#8221;&#8230; <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00fang. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 5, tuy v\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean th\u00ec n\u00f3 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, kh\u00e1ch quan, nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o th\u00ec c\u00f2n do t\u00e2m quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3. C\u00f2n c\u1ea3 h\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 duy\u00ean, thu\u1eadn duy\u00ean hay <a><\/a>ngh\u1ecbch duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi h\u1ecdc qua 5 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u v\u00e0o l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nghi\u1ec7p L\u00e0 G\u00ec ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p &#8211; kamma, theo ngh\u0129a kinh v\u0103n l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd hay c\u1ed1 \u00fd. V\u1eady, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c, c\u1ed1 \u00fd, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y trong Anguttara Nik\u0101ya:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, Nh\u01b0 Lai x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u00e1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c &#8211; cetan\u0101 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o <a><\/a>nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p. T\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, \u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ecdng, c\u1ed1 \u00fd, c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh, h\u1eefu \u00fd, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd; n\u00f3 quy t\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sai kh\u00e1c, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p <em>(C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady. T\u00e1c \u00fd l\u00e0 manasik\u0101ra, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh l\u00e1i c\u1ee7a con thuy\u1ec1n; n\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang &#8211; yonisomanasik\u0101ra \u2013 nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd &#8211; th\u00ec con thuy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng ; n\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m sai &#8211; ayonisomanasik\u0101ra \u2013 phi nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd &#8211; th\u00ec con thuy\u1ec1n s\u1ebd \u0111i l\u1ea1c).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>&#8220;T\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>trong 7 bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf: B\u1ea3y bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n. 7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafp \u1edf nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, c\u00f5i s\u1eafc, c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e2m si\u00eau th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u01b0 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh 7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u0111i k\u00e8m.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>&#8220;T\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>trong ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n: Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng trong h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a 50 t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(50 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd). <\/em>Trong 50 t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft 49 t\u00e2m s\u1edf c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i <em>(ch\u01b0a k\u1ec3 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng).<\/em><ul><li><em>&#8220;T\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>trong th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi: Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0: V\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c, danh-s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu, sanh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed. Trong 12 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u1ea5y, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu. V\u00e0 &#8220;t\u01b0&#8221; c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf h\u00e0nh hay \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0 t\u00e1c, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li><em>&#8220;T\u01b0&#8221;<\/em><em> <\/em>trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ng\u0169 m\u00f4n: Khi s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac \u0111i<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">qua m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd. Trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 7 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0 javana, t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m! C\u00f3 javana m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 javana kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf trong javana n\u00e0y!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>&#8220;T\u01b0&#8221;<\/em><em> <\/em>trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u00fd m\u00f4n: Khi ph\u00e1p <em>(t\u1ee9c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m&#8230;) <\/em>m\u00e0 ta h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c l\u00fac ta t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy ngh\u0129 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec th\u00ec di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd x\u1ea3y ra tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u00fd m\u00f4n n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, javana <em>(t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m) <\/em>c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u00e1c, l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh javana.<ul><li><em>&#8220;T\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>trong 12 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 8 t\u00e2m tham, 2 t\u00e2m s\u00e2n v\u00e0<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2 t\u00e2m si. Do 12 t\u00e2m <em>(v\u01b0\u01a1ng) <\/em>b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o 4 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. Khi m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng c\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi theo. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 t\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>&#8220;T\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>trong nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi: Trong 24 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u1ecbnh<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">quang d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 8 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh. Do nh\u1edd 8 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o 6 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. Khi m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m kh\u1edfi th\u00ec h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng c\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi theo. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>&#8220;T\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>trong thi\u1ec1n t\u00e2m s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi: T\u1eeb t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi (\u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ec1n) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n cao nh\u1ea5t trong tam gi\u1edbi <em>(phi t\u01b0\u1edfng, phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a 5 thi\u1ec1n chi: t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, ph\u1ec9, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00e0ng cao th\u00ec nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec1n chi \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m. \u1ede trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c v\u1eabn ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n chi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>&#8220;T\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>trong 8 si\u00eau th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0m cho mu\u1ed9i l\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a <em>&#8220;t\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>y\u1ebfu d\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec t\u01b0 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i n\u00f3i <a><\/a>r\u1eb1ng, trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, <em>\u201ct\u01b0\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi <em>\u201ctu\u1ec7\u201d. <\/em>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n A-la- h\u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p <em>(kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u01b0 t\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n duy t\u00e1c, tu\u1ec7 <\/em><em>soi s\u00e1ng).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eafc trong ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f2n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, ho\u00e0i nghi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u1eefa!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; V\u00f4 t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 \u00fd, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 minh gi\u1ea3i cetan\u0101 &#8211; t\u01b0 t\u00e1c l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p theo l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y. V\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m sai l\u1ea7m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i lung tung t\u1eeb kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111a t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0, gi\u1ea3ng s\u01b0, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0111a bi\u1ec7n, th\u00f4ng kim, b\u00e1c c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y ch\u00e2n truy\u1ec1n minh tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5. Tuy h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u01b0 t\u00e1c l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f2n n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p sinh ra do c\u1ed1 \u00fd m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p sinh ra do v\u00f4 \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ecd l\u00fd lu\u1eadn r\u1ea5t hay ho r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecdc tay v\u00e0o l\u1eeda, d\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 \u00fd hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb ph\u1ecfng.<\/li><li>Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecdc ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o b\u00f9n, d\u1ea7u c\u1ed1 \u00fd hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb b\u1ea9n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m <em>\u201cd\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang n\u00e0y\u201d <\/em>l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebb ra quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, tuy nghe c\u0169ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m g\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Do v\u1eady, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 tr\u00ed, khi c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, t\u1ed9i h\u1ecd nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n. C\u00f2n k\u1ebb ngu, d\u1eabu v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, t\u1ed9i ch\u00fang s\u1ebd n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec k\u1ebb tr\u00ed, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng que s\u1eaft hay bao tay, s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ecfng nh\u1eb9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u1eeda, v\u00f4 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh th\u1ecdc tay v\u00e0o, v\u1ebft ph\u1ecfng s\u1ebd n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00d4ng A sai \u00f4ng B gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u00d4ng B b\u1ecb t\u1ed9i c\u00f2n \u00f4ng A th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng B th\u1ecdc tay v\u00e0o l\u1eeda.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ee9a b\u00e9 trong thai b\u00e0o, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 \u0111au, c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ed9i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00e0m con \u0111au, c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o t\u1ed9i <em>(nghi\u1ec7p).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Cha \u0111au \u1ed1m, th\u01b0\u01a1ng cha qu\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng cho u\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea7m thu\u1ed1c, cha ch\u1ebft, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n v\u00ec ph\u1ea1m ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i!?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, sau khi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ta s\u1ebd soi r\u1ecdi v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1eeba d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean, s\u1ebd l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ecdc tay v\u00e0o l\u1eeda, d\u1eabm ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o b\u00f9n, s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y n\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o.<ul><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, k\u1ebb tr\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, th\u1ecb phi v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, l\u00e1nh \u00e1c. C\u00f2n lo\u1ea1i k\u1ebb tr\u00ed, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c r\u1ed3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch cho nh\u1eb9 t\u1ed9i, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4n ngoan x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb tr\u00ed \u1ea5y! L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi k\u1ebb tr\u00ed \u1ea5y loay hoay t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho nh\u1eb9 t\u1ed9i, trong \u0111\u1ea7u y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a \u00e1c ni\u1ec7m; v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu t\u01b0 t\u00e1c l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n!<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng A sai \u00f4ng B gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian c\u0169ng truy cho ra k\u1ebb ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u; c\u00f2n lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o th\u00ec y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 m\u01b0u l\u1eabn t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1c t\u1ed9i b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u00fd h\u00e0nh. \u00dd h\u00e0nh n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t. Con l\u00e0m m\u1eb9 \u0111au hay m\u1eb9 l\u00e0m con \u0111au ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i c\u1ea3. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng cha, cho cha u\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea7m thu\u1ed1c, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi con v\u1eabn t\u1ed1t do t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf; tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f3 x\u00e9t t\u1ed9i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con, v\u00ec c\u00f2n tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u00e1c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u1eefa. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, do nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 chi ph\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, theo s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 th\u00ec v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ed9i. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u00fd ch\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c C\u1ee7a Nghi\u1ec7p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p; nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u1ea5y do t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3? C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y b\u1eaft ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, c\u00f3 c\u00e2u kinh v\u0103n: <em>&#8220;Avijj\u0101 paccay\u0101 sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra&#8221;. <\/em>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: <em>&#8220;Duy\u00ean v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh sinh kh\u1edfi&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra) <\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 50 t\u00e2m s\u1edf chi ph\u1ed1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong 3 c\u00f5i, trong \u0111\u00f3, t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u do v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 c\u00f3. V\u1eady ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>1-&nbsp;&nbsp; V\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 g\u00ec ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00f4 minh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/li><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p, c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu.<\/li><li>S\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y l\u1ea7m, s\u1ef1 m\u00ea l\u1ea7m.<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3 chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh: L\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m th\u00ec tham, s\u00e2n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ch\u01b0\u1edbng; l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed th\u00ec t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1edf tri ch\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i <em>(h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m-th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, nghi, <\/em><em>s\u00e2n, ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m, d\u1ee5c) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7, nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n tam t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t 10 s\u1ee3i gi\u00e2y sai s\u1eed, tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c <em>(ki\u1ebft <\/em><em>s\u1eed &#8211; th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh, s\u1eafc \u00e1i, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 minh) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng 4 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, 4 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1edbi b\u1ee9ng nh\u1ed5 h\u1ebft v\u00f4 minh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nghi\u1ec7p do m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 g\u00ec, v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, do ch\u00ednh ta t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o ra, ch\u00ednh ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, v\u00e0 \u00fd. C\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 duy\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3. V\u1eady th\u00ec nh\u1eefng x\u1ea5u, t\u1ed1t, vui, kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i hay s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, thanh t\u1ecbnh hay nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hay th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 do m\u00ecnh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng (165):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- L\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, d\u1eef do ta.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u00f4i. <\/em><em>T\u1ef1 t\u00f4i, thanh t\u1ecbnh cho t\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ai ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2u!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hay (160):<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- T\u1ef1 ta n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho ta.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>C\u00f3 ai n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a g\u1ea7n, xa m\u00e0 c\u1ea7u! T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a th\u00e2m s\u00e2u kh\u00f3 b\u00e0n!&#8221;<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ho\u1eb7c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p do ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c; v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y l\u1ea1i <em>&#8220;than&#8221;:<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- \u00d4i! Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec minh tri\u1ebft v\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m. N\u00f3 c\u00f4ng b\u00ecnh h\u01a1n c\u00e1n c\u00e2n nghi\u00eam minh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn h\u01a1n. T\u1ef1 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 uy l\u1ef1c, uy t\u00edn c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0o. T\u1ef1 n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c, tri th\u1ee9c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 <a><\/a>thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch gh\u00ea t\u1edfm c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng x\u00e1c t\u00edn sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh <em>(kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c, vui bu\u1ed3n, x\u1ea5u t\u1ed1t, tr\u00ed ngu) <\/em>c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u00e0 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o ra, l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh. C\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, ph\u1ee5 t\u00f9y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ta v\u1eady <em>(Att\u0101hi attano n\u0101tho &#8211; N\u0101tho c\u00f3 2 ngh\u0129a: N\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a ho\u1eb7c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf).<\/em><\/li><li>M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><li>Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1eafm r\u00f5 quy lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 quy lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u1ea5y.<\/li><li>Quy lu\u1eadt x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y v\u00e0o 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt 5). <\/em>V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n g\u1ed1c nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nghi\u1ec7p do m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng <em>&#8220;m\u00ecnh&#8221; <\/em>\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ai?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i, \u00f4ng A l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, \u00f4ng B l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c; ho\u1eb7c \u00f4ng A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1u sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, \u00f4ng B ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111au kh\u1ed5. N\u00f3i v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, theo s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang theo \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf, v\u01b0\u1ee3t quy \u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1- Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do ch\u1eef P\u0101\u1e37i: Sammuti sacca. Sacca l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, \u0111\u1ebf. Sammuti l\u00e0 th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh, quy \u01b0\u1edbc, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7, ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbc&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi danh t\u1eeb, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eb1m g\u1ecdi t\u00ean nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, s\u00f4ng, n\u00fai, c\u1ecf, c\u00e2y. Tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 do, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, t\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1eb7c \u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eef; g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eef v\u00ec n\u00f3i ra ai c\u0169ng nghe, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u. T\u1ea1ng Kinh, Lu\u1eadt \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2- Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a?<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do ch\u1eef P\u0101\u1e37i: Paramattha sacca. Paramattha l\u00e0 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, cao di\u1ec7u, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a, ly tho\u00e1t c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong t\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c vi t\u1ebf, s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, n\u00f3i theo kinh v\u0103n, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n l\u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi ta g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i b\u00e0n, c\u00e1i gh\u1ebf, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1i nh\u00e0, s\u00f4ng, n\u00fai&#8230; l\u00e0 ta g\u1ecdi t\u00ean chung m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5u h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c. C\u00e1i b\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1: \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3, \u0111inh, g\u1ed7, v\u00e1n, keo&#8230; N\u1ebfu r\u1eddi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kia ra, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0n c\u1ea3. Do v\u1eady, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu, th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh.<\/li><li>Khi g\u1ecdi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m. Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u00e1u, huy\u1ebft, t\u1ee7y, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da\u2026 T\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd th\u01b0\u01a1ng, gh\u00e9t, vui bu\u1ed3n, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c&#8230; N\u00f3i c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc. R\u1eddi ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c danh s\u1eafc, ta ch\u1eb3ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y g\u00ec \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3. Do v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0&#8230; ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ef1c ng\u00e3, th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh \u1ea5y xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t vi tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 s\u01a1n h\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: <em>&#8220;T\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110i s\u00e2u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u00ed n\u1eefa. C\u00e1i b\u00e0n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u0111inh, g\u1ed7, v\u00e1n&#8230; nh\u01b0ng \u0111inh, g\u1ed7, v\u00e1n&#8230; \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ng\u00e3, th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh&#8230; V\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm c\u00e1i \u0111inh, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;\u0111inh&#8221; <\/em>c\u1ea3! N\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eaft \u01b0? Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1eefa th\u00ec v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i tan r\u1ea5t nhanh b\u1eb1ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u gi\u00e2y! Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 th\u1ebf.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? L\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c! T\u1ea5m th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng! C\u00f2n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c t\u1ee9c th\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8230; l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c ng\u00e3, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i sinh di\u1ec7t 01 l\u1ea7n th\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, tri gi\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh g\u1ea5p 16 l\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, danh s\u1eafc&#8230; l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, mi\u00ean t\u1ee5c, tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng. N\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau trong m\u1ed7i kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong 2 s\u00e1t-na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- T\u00f4i \u0111ang nh\u00e0n nh\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3m m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi chi\u1ec1u ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c. M\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 chi\u1ebfu qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y l\u00f3ng l\u00e1nh s\u1eafc m\u00e0u. \u00d4i! C\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt xung quanh t\u00f4i m\u1edbi ki\u1ec1u di\u1ec5m v\u00e0 th\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng d\u01b0\u1eddng bao? K\u00eca! S\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00fai \u0111\u1ed3i, c\u00e2y l\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f3ac l\u00ean m\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o th\u1ee7y tinh, s\u00e1ng h\u01a1n, t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 mu\u00f4n m\u00e0u mu\u00f4n s\u1eafc h\u01a1n!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>M\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 l\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t th\u1ed5i t\u1edbi l\u00e0m chao nghi\u00eang m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh hoa th\u1ea1ch th\u1ea3o. C\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u00e0i chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 rung rinh khi\u00eau v\u0169. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 tr\u1eddi s\u1eafp d\u00f4ng v\u00e0 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u01b0a&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u00f4i ng\u1eedng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean. S\u1eafc m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a m\u00e2y, c\u00e2y l\u00e1, s\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e2y gi\u1edd sao ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u x\u00e1m x\u1ecbt, u \u00e1m. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eeba nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh theo con m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a sammuti sacca. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn theo con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a, paramattha-sacca, th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u n\u00e0o c\u1ea3! C\u00e1c m\u00e0u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111ang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111ang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed9t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng, m\u00e0u n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u1ea9n trong m\u00e0u kia. N\u00f3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e0u g\u00ec. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i d\u00e0i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, trong \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0u n\u00e0y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c tan bi\u1ebfn trong m\u00e0u kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh! Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 s\u1eafc danh lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 paramattha sacca th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p d\u00f9ng u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t, n\u00f3i n\u0103ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u1ec5u ng\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m s\u1edf, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n <em>(trong Abhidhamma).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng do <em>\u201cc\u00e1i ta\u201d <\/em>n\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra c\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1eadp ng\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1a theo c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e2n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. T\u00e2m l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a h\u1eb1ng chu\u1ed7i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd. V\u1eady khi ta kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101); <\/em>ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u1edfi sanh, n\u00f3 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec7m \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho ni\u1ec7m \u0111i sau. N\u1ebfu ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 7 s\u00e1t-na, c\u00f3 javana th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p <em>(\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p). <\/em>V\u1eady th\u1eed h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 ai t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y ch\u0103ng ? R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u00ec sao? V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau d\u1eabn th\u00ec ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng lu\u00f4n? C\u00f3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn ch\u0103ng? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: Kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u <em>&#8220;kh\u00f4ng ai t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o&#8221;. <\/em>Khi m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p), <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi-t\u01b0-t\u00e1c; th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, tri gi\u00e1c, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tri gi\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, khi ta nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o, vui hay kh\u1ed5, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vui, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd vui, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng ghi nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e9n m\u1edf b\u1ea3n lai v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, <em>&#8220;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a paramattha sacca. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ng\u00e3 m\u00e0: ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u \u00e1c tr\u1edf n\u00ean t\u1ed1t, t\u00ean t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng minh, c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, g\u00e2y nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o g\u1eb7p qu\u1ea3 n\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng sai tr\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n tr\u1ed9m xo\u00e0i, b\u1ecb b\u1eaft, \u0111\u01b0a l\u00ean quan. N\u00f3 n\u00f3i: T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u1eafp xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a y. C\u00e1i h\u1ea1t xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a y gieo thu\u1edf x\u01b0a, n\u00f3 nh\u1ecf x\u00edu, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i. Tr\u00e1i t\u00f4i l\u1ea5y \u0103n, to, ch\u00edn v\u00e0ng, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c xa m\u00e0! D\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n tr\u1ed9m xo\u00e0i c\u00f3 c\u00e3i c\u1ed1i, c\u00e3i ch\u00e0y anh ta v\u1eabn b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t.<ul><li>C\u00f3 c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ecf tr\u1ed1n. 30 n\u0103m sau tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 b\u1ecb c\u00f4ng an nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n, c\u00f2ng tay, \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00f2a. C\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng gi\u00e0 t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: <em>&#8220;Th\u01b0a qu\u00fd t\u00f2a, c\u00f4ng an b\u1eaft nh\u1ea7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i, c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean thu\u1edf x\u01b0a l\u00e0 trai tr\u00e1ng, t\u00f3c xanh, h\u1eafn c\u00f3 g\u00e2y \u00e1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft h\u1eafn ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i. C\u00f2n t\u00f4i, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3o gi\u00e0, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u. Oan cho t\u00f4i l\u1eafm!&#8221;. <\/em>C\u00e1i ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e3o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ed9i t\u00f9.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i h\u1ea1t xo\u00e0i nh\u1ecf x\u00edu, nh\u1edd di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i to. M\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m kh\u1edfi sanh, n\u00f3 di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c, truy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t cho ni\u1ec7m \u0111i sau. Cho ch\u00ed ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, ki\u1ebfp kia c\u0169ng v\u1eady. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn <em>(v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau m\u00e3i); <\/em>n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn <em>(v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>V\u00e0, cho ch\u00ed Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng, nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00fa trong linh h\u1ed3n, trong t\u00e2m linh, trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c, trong v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c hay ch\u1ee9a trong t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e1i tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 \u1ea5y ch\u0103ng, trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u00e0 v\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Song le, n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1ee9a gi\u1eef, c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00fd \u1ee9c, ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m? Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u1ea5y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u hi\u1ec7n ra, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00e1i kho n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y trong v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c? V\u00e0, nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong mai h\u1eadu?&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n s\u1ebd m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3 trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u00e2m sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed7i c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, m\u1ed7i kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i tri gi\u00e1c, m\u1ed7i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c&#8230; c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111i sau. V\u00e0 trong<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u1ea5t t\u1eadn \u1ea5y, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u00e0y l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, l\u00e0m duy\u00ean cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd kia; khi c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c danh, s\u1eafc c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ed5 sanh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 minh gi\u1ea3i cho \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i Na Ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho \u0110\u1ee9c Vua Milinda b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, v\u1edbi \u00fd l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i c\u1ea3! C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o tr\u00ean c\u00e0nh; nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi gian, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft; \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, tinh T\u1ee9, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0m cho tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong th\u00e2n c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i t\u00e0ng tr\u1eef n\u00f3. Nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, t\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 l\u1eeda. L\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef, ch\u1ee9a gi\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 hai thanh c\u1ee7i kh\u00f4, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00e0 x\u00e1t m\u1ea1nh, l\u1eeda c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 gi\u00f3. Gi\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch tr\u1eef, ch\u1ee9a gi\u1eef \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec5 c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed n\u00f3ng b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3n n\u1edf l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh ra gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi t\u01b0 <em>(cetan\u0101), <\/em>t\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi; tr\u00f4i t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, s\u00fac sanh, a- tu-la, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi&#8230; V\u00e0 t\u01b0 c\u0169ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 cho ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. Ch\u00fang tan r\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00fang di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t \u1edf bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n kh\u00e1c. T\u1eebng gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc, t\u1eebng s\u00e1t-na nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t. D\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y t\u1eeb A sang B nh\u01b0ng B kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 A, tuy kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c A, v\u1eabn do A m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Thuy\u1ebft di truy\u1ec1n, g\u00e8ne, lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, gi\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i&#8230; x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng cho ta \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh di\u1ec5n ra v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i A-la-h\u00e1n d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, s\u1ef1 <a><\/a>hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00f3 Bao Nhi\u00eau Lo\u1ea1i Nghi\u1ec7p?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghi\u1ec7p. Ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 7 t\u1ef7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm ra hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh. R\u1ed3i, ri\u00eang m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Th\u1eadt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfm h\u1ebft c\u00e1t tr\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfm, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n: bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1eebng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 bao <a><\/a>qu\u00e1t to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nghi\u1ec7p th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n <em>(k\u0101ya kamma): <\/em>L\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd <em>(t\u01b0 t\u00e1c)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ea9u <em>(v\u0101ca<\/em><em> <\/em><em>kamma): <\/em>L\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd <em>(t\u01b0 t\u00e1c<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nghi\u1ec7p \u00fd <em>(mano kamma): <\/em>L\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd <em>(t\u01b0 t\u00e1c)<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua \u00fd h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong 3 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean, nghi\u1ec7p \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u. Khi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung, an tr\u00fa th\u00ec n\u00f3 mu\u1ed9i l\u01b0\u1ee3c, y\u1ebfu \u1edbt n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1ea9u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c trong t\u00e2m ch\u01b0a th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng quan h\u1ec7 g\u00ec. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t th\u00ec bao gi\u1edd \u00fd ngh\u0129, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0, khi m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thu\u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nghi\u1ec7p \u00fd. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi h\u1ecd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tay v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t hai ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong m\u1ed9t x\u00f3m, m\u1ed9t th\u00f4n; v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m; th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y nay, m\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u1eeba m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y cho ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd, l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft cha m\u1eb9 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 tham mu\u1ed1n l\u1eb7t v\u1eb7t \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m. Cho n\u00ean m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng, c\u00e2u 1,2, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>&#8220;- C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do \u00fd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00dd ch\u1ee7, \u00fd t\u1ea1o b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a duy\u00ean N\u00f3i l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec1n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>B\u00e1nh xe b\u00f2 k\u00e9o, kh\u1ed5 li\u1ec1n theo sau\u201d. \u201c- C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do \u00fd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u00dd ch\u1ee7, \u00fd t\u1ea1o b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a duy\u00ean N\u00f3i, l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec1n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ecdi b\u00f3ng, vui li\u1ec1n theo sau\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong 3 nghi\u1ec7p, \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, t\u1ed1t, thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi ba t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau; \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>(c\u00e1c c\u00f5i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.1- Nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n <em>(akusala kamma): <\/em>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do t\u01b0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, quy t\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n <em>(c\u00f3 14) <\/em>m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 10 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 3: S\u00e1t sanh <em>(p\u0101n\u0101tip\u0101t\u0101), <\/em>tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp <em>(adinn\u0101d\u0101n\u0101), <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh <em>(k\u0101mesumicch\u0101c\u0101r\u0101).<\/em><\/li><li>Kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 4: n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i <em>(mus\u0101v\u0101d\u0101), <\/em>n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, chia r\u1ebd <em>(pusinav\u0101c\u0101), <\/em>n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7, c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n <em>(pharusav\u0101c\u0101), <\/em>v\u00e0 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, v\u00f4 \u00edch <em>(samphappal\u0101pa).<\/em><\/li><li>\u00dd c\u00f3 3: Tham lam <em>(abhijj\u0101) <\/em>s\u00e2n h\u1eadn <em>(vy\u0101pada) <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(micch\u0101di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.2- Nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n <em>(kusala kamma): <\/em>L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng do t\u01b0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, quy t\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(c\u00f3 25) <\/em>m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p <em>(t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1eadp b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n <\/em><em>nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Ri\u00eang \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn). <\/em>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 10 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sanh ph\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed <em>(d\u0101na)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi <em>(s\u012bla)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tham thi\u1ec1n <em>(bh\u0101van\u0101): <\/em>Ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng tham thi\u1ec1n, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i thi\u1ec1n, thu\u1ed9c nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed3i.<ul><li>Cung k\u00ednh <em>(apac\u0101yana)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 <em>(veyy\u0101vacca)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c <em>(pattid\u0101na)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00f9y h\u1ef7 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c <em>(anumod\u0101na)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p <em>(dhamma desan\u0101)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nghe ph\u00e1p <em>(dhamma savana)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn <em>(di\u1e6d\u1e6dhijjukamma)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.3- Nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>(\u0101na\u00f1ja kamma): <\/em>L\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc do t\u01b0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n chi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u1eefu s\u1eafc <em>thi\u1ec1n (r\u016bpa jh\u0101na): <\/em>C\u00f3 4 ho\u1eb7c 5 thi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 5 thi\u1ec1n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">chi: t\u1ea7m <em>(vitakka), <\/em>t\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra), <\/em>ph\u1ec9 <em>(p\u012bti), <\/em>l\u1ea1c <em>(sukha) <\/em>v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(ekaggat\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n: t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, ph\u1ec9, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n: t\u1ee9, ph\u1ec9, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m Tam thi\u1ec1n: ph\u1ec9, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n: l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m Ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n: x\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00f4 s\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n <em>(ar\u016bpa jh\u0101na) <\/em>c\u00f3 4:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 <em>(\u0101k\u0101s\u0101na\u00f1c\u0101yatana) <\/em>Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9 <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a\u00f1c\u0101yatana) <\/em>V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 <em>(\u0101ki\u00f1ca\u00f1\u00f1\u0101yatana)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9 <em>(nevasa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101nasa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101yatana)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 9 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3- V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed <em>(t\u1ee9c tr\u00fa x\u1ee9, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea1o ra qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.1- D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p <em>(k\u0101m\u0101vacana-akusalakamma):<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 trong 4 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2- D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p <em>(k\u0101m\u0101vacana-kusalakamma):<\/em><em> <\/em>Do<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay 6 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.3- S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p <em>(r\u016bpavacana-kusalakamma): <\/em>Do \u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi h\u1eefu s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>3.4- V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p <em>(ar\u016bpavacana-kusalakamma): <\/em>Do \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ebd th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4- V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c <em>(t\u1ee9c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 4 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.1- Sanh nghi\u1ec7p <em>(janaka kamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Janaka l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sanh ra, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p chi ph\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. V\u00e0, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m chung, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ebfp kh\u00e1c, th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c <em>(pa\u1e6disandhi). <\/em>Ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m <em>(javana). <\/em>Ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi trong gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc l\u00e2m t\u1eed, n\u00ean \u0111i t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 t\u00e1i sanh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi no\u00e3n ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 tinh tr\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh danh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9. T\u1eeb danh s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i k\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng <em>(12 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu sanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1t, th\u00f4ng minh, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, tr\u00ed t\u00e0i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac&#8230;<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu sanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.2- Tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p <em>(upa\u1e6d\u1e6dhambhaka kamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, duy tr\u00ec, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho sanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n gi\u00fap cho ta s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, an vui, m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. Tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec sanh nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c x\u1ea5u, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.3- Ch\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p <em>(upap\u012bdaka kamma).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m cho sanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang c\u00f3 sanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t, b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n. Tai n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 do m\u1ed9t \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n xen v\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i cho sanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.4- \u0110o\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7p <em>(upagh\u0101taka kamma).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t sanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. S\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 sanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n. V\u00e0, ch\u1ebft, l\u00e0 do 4 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u1ebft th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng.<ul><li>Sanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 sanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Do m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p xen d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p <em>(upaccheda kamma) <\/em>hay nghi\u1ec7p c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t l\u00e0m gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7p r\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c sanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi <em>(k\u0101lamara\u1e47a). <\/em>N\u1ebfu \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea3y ra th\u00ecnh l\u00ecnh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft sai th\u1eddi <em>(ak\u0101lamara\u1e47a) <\/em>hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Devadatta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho ta hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 4 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Do sanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t, Devadatta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u00e0o ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c.<ul><li>Do tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t, Devadatta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1edbn kh\u00f4n v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7n nghi, th\u1ecbnh m\u00e3n.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Do ch\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p chi ph\u1ed1i, Devadatta kh\u1edfi \u00e1c t\u00e2m chia r\u1ebd T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0, m\u01b0u h\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt n\u00ean b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o h\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Do \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3, Devadatta b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t r\u00fat, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5- V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103ng l\u1ef1c hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng hay nh\u1eb9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.1- C\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p <em>(garuka kamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1.1- B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p <em>(anantariya kamma), <\/em>v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 ngay trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i: Gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9, gi\u1ebft A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, chia r\u1ebd T\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng; n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o 1 trong 5 t\u1ed9i n\u00e0y th\u00ec th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u00eau tan, trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ecb qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i sanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu vua A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft cha th\u00ec \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n! V\u1eady, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n ng\u0103n tr\u1edf s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 tinh th\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1.2.- Thi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p: L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh. \u1ea4y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 thi\u1ec1n h\u1eefu s\u1eafc v\u00e0 4 thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n <em>(kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i), <\/em>nh\u01b0ng do \u0103n n\u0103n s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, tinh c\u1ea7n tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh; l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 an tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u00f3a sanh l\u00ean ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t \u0111i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.2- C\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p <em>(\u0101sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 kamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m l\u00fac s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft hay l\u00e0 ch\u1eb7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd do k\u00fd \u1ee9c, h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; v\u00ec khi ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd c\u00f3 3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.1- Nghi\u1ec7p <em>(kamma): <\/em>Nh\u1edb nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt; ho\u1eb7c nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft ch\u00f3c, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.2- Nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng <em>(kammanimitta): <\/em>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n ra. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y cu\u1ed1n kinh, th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt <em>(thi\u1ec7n); <\/em>ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y \u0111ao ki\u1ebfm, s\u00fang \u0111\u1ea1n <em>(b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2.3- Th\u00fa t\u01b0\u1edbng <em>(gatinimitta): <\/em>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sinh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c ho\u1eb7c s\u00fac sanh. \u0110\u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00e1i sanh, s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 \u1edf ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c t\u1ea1o ch\u1eb7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u thai v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfp sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eb7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t. T\u1ee5ng kinh, \u0111\u1ed1t tr\u1ea7m, x\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e1nh chu\u00f4ng&#8230; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec cho t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u00e1ng, thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, an \u1ed5n v\u00e0 thanh b\u00ecnh! N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n \u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n x\u1ea5u, gieo c\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd t\u1eebng l\u00e0m, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng sau khi tr\u1ea3 xong qu\u1ea3 \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p vua A-d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda l\u00e0m ki\u1ebfp r\u1eafn, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea9u Su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.3- T\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p &#8211; th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7p <em>(\u0101ci\u1e47\u1e47akamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen ho\u1eb7c do th\u00f3i quen m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen gi\u00fap cho ta kh\u00f3 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c, kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, d\u00f9 nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00ec kh\u00f3 b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y tuy kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean ki\u00ean c\u1ed1. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: <em>&#8220;Ch\u1edb khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 l\u00e0m, ch\u1edb khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ecf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m&#8221;. <\/em>Ho\u1eb7c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 121,122:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- N\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt, gi\u1ecdt th\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e2u ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea7y th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i tr\u00e0n lu. <\/em><em>Ch\u00fat ch\u00fat vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ng\u00e0y qua th\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7y\u201d. \u201c- N\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt, gi\u1ecdt th\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Khe m\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u0103m n\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng. <\/em><em>Ch\u00fat ch\u00fat vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9 b\u1ed3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Mai kia v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng tr\u00e0n&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh l\u1edbn hay nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c th\u00e2m h\u1eadu c\u00f3 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 t\u1ed9i gi\u1ebft cha, gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u1ed7 ngh\u1ecbch, b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu l\u00fac ch\u00fat \u00edt m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.4- T\u00edch l\u0169y nghi\u1ec7p <em>(ka\u1e6datt\u0101kamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng do m\u1ed9t duy\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tho\u00e1ng qua. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 qu\u00ean n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, t\u1eebng l\u00fac m\u1ed9t, ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng, t\u00edch l\u0169y, ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng c\u1eb7n b\u00e3, r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi; m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang s\u1ebd li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1eefng m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, nh\u1eefng ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m vi t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u0169ng b\u00f9n v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. Do v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ch\u00ed m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c hay lu\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u1eefa; nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang th\u1eadt nguy hi\u1ec3m. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n v\u00f4 c\u1edb, nh\u1eefng ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng t\u00ean che m\u1edd t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ch\u00fang ta. Ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3ng tr\u00ed, th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai l\u1ea7m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y gai gi\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u0103ng v\u00e0o b\u1ee5i, r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean! C\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t con gi\u00e1n trong h\u1ed1 x\u00ed r\u1ed3i qu\u00ean! Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Cho \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e9 \u0103n xin v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c&#8230; Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y \u00edt khi ta c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y ch\u1ea7y th\u00e1ng ch\u00fang c\u0169ng t\u00edch lu\u1ef9, t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng <a><\/a>nh\u1eefng khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh \u1edf trong t\u00e2m. Sau n\u00e0y ch\u00fang s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o th\u00eam duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00edt v\u1eady. Ch\u1edb n\u00ean xem th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6-&nbsp;&nbsp; V\u1ec1 Th\u1eddi Gian Tr\u1ea3 Qu\u1ea3 C\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3; nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, khi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 ch\u01b0a th\u00e0nh. Ch\u00ednh do v\u1eady m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u00e1c l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng gi\u00e0u sang, sung s\u01b0\u1edbng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1ed1t, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng trong T\u1ee9ng thi\u1ebfu, ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd tr\u00ean, th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 do th\u1eddi gian tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 nhanh, ch\u1eadm kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y \u1edbt r\u1ed3i tr\u1ed3ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y cam. Ba th\u00e1ng sau ta c\u00f3 \u1edbt \u0103n c\u00f2n cam th\u00ec ch\u01b0a. \u1edat v\u00ed cho qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, cam v\u00ed nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 vui.<\/li><li>\u00d4ng A nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0103n, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau x\u00e0i. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, do hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean khi x\u00e0i h\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh, \u00f4ng A s\u1ebd ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y v\u00ed nh\u01b0 qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 \u00f4ng A ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft.<\/li><li>\u00d4ng B trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu l\u00e0m \u0103n n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 <em>(qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i); <\/em>cho d\u1eabu b\u00e2y gi\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m \u0103n th\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m sau m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 <em>(nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh mai sau).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.1- Hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p <em>(di\u1e6d\u1e6dhadhamma vedan\u012byakamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Th\u01b0\u1eddng trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu v\u1eeba c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd chen v\u00e0o trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1t-na t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.1- Qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0nh tr\u1ed5 sanh trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: Nh\u01b0 t\u00edch hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u00e1o cho\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kinh c\u1ea3m c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ee9c vua r\u1ea5t k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 cho hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c \u00e2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e0i l\u1ee3i <em>(trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.1.2- Qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef tr\u1ed5 sanh trong ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: Nh\u01b0 t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c xua b\u1ea7y ch\u00f3 c\u1eafn v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u. V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i leo l\u00ean c\u00e2y, l\u00fang T\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m t\u1ea5m y r\u1edbt tr\u00f9m l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n, b\u1ea7y ch\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i c\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 s\u0103n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u1ed5 sanh c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p. Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh&#8230; x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, an ninh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.2- Sanh b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p <em>(upapajja vedan\u012bya kamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1eddi sau, k\u1ebf li\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Trong 7 s\u00e1t-na c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m, 2 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.2.1- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng cho \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1, th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ecd B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, anh ta hoan h\u1ef7 nh\u1ecbn \u0103n, b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi. Khuya, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng tr\u00fang gi\u00f3, qua \u0111\u1eddi; nh\u1edd t\u00e2m trong s\u1ea1ch n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6.2.2- Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 Devadatta, vua A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf&#8230; khi ch\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, ki\u1ebfp sau t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 sanh b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.3- H\u1eadu b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p <em>(Apar\u0101pari yavedan\u012bya kamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp sau, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u th\u00ec ch\u00fang tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0o, t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 ba tr\u1edf \u0111i, tu\u1ef3 theo s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7. \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i <em>(duy\u00ean) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 tr\u1ed5 sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n; nh\u1edd nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh \u1ea5y n\u00ean sau khi ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a sanh c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y, nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau khi h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi, qu\u1ea3 \u00e1c x\u01b0a c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn cho qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb b\u1ea1n \u00e1c r\u1ee7 r\u00ea, m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, sinh v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 th\u00fa. H\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o kh\u1ed5 th\u00fa ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi do nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh x\u01b0a \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng 4 s\u00e1t-na t\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u1edf gi\u1eefa t\u1ea1o ra h\u1eadu b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp k\u1ebf sau, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, d\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng khi c\u00f2n th\u00e2n x\u00e1c h\u1eefu vi v\u1eabn b\u1ecb h\u1eadu b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y chi ph\u1ed1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u1ee9c Moggall\u0101na trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp xa x\u00f4i nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u00e1c, gi\u1ea3 b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u00e2m m\u01b0u gi\u1ebft m\u1eb9. Sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 b\u00e1o, ki\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng d\u1eabu \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, h\u1eadu b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn tr\u1ed5 sanh n\u00ean b\u1ecdn c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft Ng\u00e0i.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb vu oan gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i c\u00f4 g\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt <em>(theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i).<\/em><\/li><li>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 do d\u01b0 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi em kh\u00e1c m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a <em>(theo ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>6.4- V\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u nghi\u1ec7p <em>(ahosi kamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec7n b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sanh b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1eadu b\u00e1o nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp th\u1ee9 ba tr\u1edf \u0111i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n th\u00ec c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 nh\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 m\u1edbi tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c d\u00f9 nh\u1ecf v\u1eabn tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eabn g\u00e2y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t nh\u1ecf v\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ecm trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m ta x\u1ed1n xang, \u0111au m\u1eaft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 to \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1edf trong chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n l\u1edbn. Qu\u1ea3 \u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 tr\u1ed5 sanh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh to l\u1edbn v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t mu\u1ed1i ho\u00e0 tan trong ly n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ly n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 v\u1ecb m\u1eb7n, nh\u01b0ng ho\u00e0 tan trong h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec.<\/li><li>M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A-na-h\u00e0m sanh l\u00ean S\u1eafc c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh thi\u00ean r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A- la-h\u00e1n, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec1u Quan Tr\u1ecdng C\u1ea7n Ph\u1ea3i Th\u1ea5y Bi\u1ebft.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"> 1- Ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh sinh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 sanh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ra s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Y b\u00e1o<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh, l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y b\u00e1o. Y b\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe, th\u00f4ng minh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0103n \u1edf, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh ph\u00fa qu\u00fd&#8230; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n y b\u00e1o t\u1ed1t. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh b\u00e1o x\u1ea5u th\u00ec c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n x\u1ea5u, khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft ng\u0169 quan, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt; l\u1ea1i sinh v\u00e0o gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o kh\u1ed5, thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n tr\u0103m b\u1ec1&#8230; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 y b\u00e1o x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p. Nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m chung v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng t\u1ea1o m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u00e2y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng chung cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 chung. Tuy th\u1ebf, trong c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00ec tuy l\u00e0m chung m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u00fd ch\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Chi\u1ebfn tranh x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3nh bom r\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ea1n l\u1ea1c gi\u1ed1ng nhau <em>(c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p); <\/em>nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng; k\u1ebb nh\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y, \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i gi\u00e0u th\u00eam do b\u00e1n bu\u00f4n thu l\u1ee3i&#8230; \u1ea4y l\u00e0 do bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1eady.<\/li><li>Thi\u00ean tai, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t x\u1ea3y ra <em>(c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p); <\/em>nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i, k\u1ebb no; k\u1ebb b\u1ecb h\u1ea1i tr\u0103m b\u1ec1, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec y\u00ean h\u00e0n v\u00f4 s\u1ef1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(do bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5-&nbsp;&nbsp; C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, nh\u01b0ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. Ho\u1eb7c do s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n, qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chi ph\u1ed1i. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 1: Ba ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng tr\u1ed3ng cam. Gi\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n, \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00ed h\u1eadu, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, th\u1eddi gian, c\u00f4ng phu ch\u0103m s\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau th\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, anh A tr\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n, anh B tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, anh C tr\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eddi gian sau c\u1ea3 3 c\u00e2y cam \u0111\u1ec1u ra tr\u00e1i tr\u0129u c\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam kia c\u00f3 k\u1ebb tr\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ed9t k\u00edch v\u1eb7t tr\u1ee5i tr\u00e1i c\u1ea3 3 c\u00e2y. S\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, anh A v\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ee9t tai v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 s\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5. Anh B th\u00ec c\u01b0\u1eddi ha h\u1ea3, r\u1ea5t vui v\u00ec anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbp b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. C\u00f2n anh C v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng vui, v\u00f4 s\u1ef1, v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi nh\u01b0 thu\u1edf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qua v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, ta th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u1eabn x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Nh\u01b0ng anh A kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. Anh B vui l\u00e0 th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. C\u00f2n anh C v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5, vui; c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i chung c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean thanh t\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi do l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y b\u1ecb nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp&#8230; Anh ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn, kh\u1ed5 h\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu khi qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn, do s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, do th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi; anh ta ghi nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, th\u00e2n anh b\u1ecb \u0111au, tai anh kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m anh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u01b0u n\u00e3o chi ph\u1ed1i. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady, t\u01b0 <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh, h\u00e0nh <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sanh v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi tu\u1ec7. Gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 m\u0169i t\u00ean b\u1eafn tr\u00fang da th\u1ecbt, b\u1ecb \u0111au l\u00e0 do nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd); <\/em>nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111au, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u01b0u n\u00e3o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 3: C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi do th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c n\u00ean ph\u00e1t sanh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u1ea5t l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng x\u00f3m. L\u00fac t\u1ec9nh ni\u1ec7m, anh ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u0169ng s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m kia, anh th\u1ea5y v\u01b0\u1eddn hoa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabm n\u00e1t. Do s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 n\u00ean anh ch\u1eb3ng s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i g\u00ec. H\u00f4m kia n\u1eefa, anh ta b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 t\u1eeb b\u00ean kia v\u01b0\u1eddn bay qua tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ea7u, l\u1ed7 tr\u00e1n, m\u00e1u ch\u1ea3y d\u1ea7m d\u1ec1. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3 do nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e3 gieo; anh ta nh\u1eabn ch\u1ecbu b\u1ecbt ch\u1eb7t v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng, d\u00f9 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng anh m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eddn, kh\u00f4ng o\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u n\u00e3o. V\u1eady, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m anh ta gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Quan ni\u1ec7m vui, kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian kh\u00e1c quan ni\u1ec7m vui, kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong ch\u0103n \u1ea5m, n\u1ec7m \u00eam, ti\u1ec7n nghi sung T\u1ee9c, \u0103n ngon, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb9p&#8230; l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 .<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tu Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c, thanh b\u1ea7n, th\u1ebf gian g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vui. \u0110\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c khuya, d\u1eady s\u1edbm, c\u00f4ng phu, t\u1ee5ng kinh, thi\u1ec1n to\u1ea1; ng\u00e0y t\u1ea5t b\u1eadt c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1ecd kia v\u00ec t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n &#8211; th\u1ebf gian b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng b\u1eadc ch\u00e2n tu l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/li><li>\u1ede trong ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111au kh\u1ed5, s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n, qu\u1edf tr\u1eddi tr\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu, h\u1ecd coi \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb, x\u1ea3&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/li><li>Khi vui, khi kh\u1ed5, b\u1eadc ch\u00e2n tu v\u1eabn gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean, thanh t\u1ecbnh; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho vui kh\u1ed5 l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh \u0111i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu chi ph\u1ed1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, v\u1eeba bao h\u00e0m, v\u1eeba c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 minh gi\u1ea3i cho t\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng Nho. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i t\u01a1, c\u00e1i t\u00f3c, tr\u00e1i gi\u00f3, tr\u1edf tr\u1eddi, tr\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n, g\u00e3y tay c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1eeba cho \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Kh\u1ed5ng th\u00e2m s\u00e2u th\u00ec <em>\u201ct\u1ea1i tr\u1eddi, \u00fd tr\u1eddi, thu\u1eadn l\u1ebd tr\u1eddi\u201d <\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn theo 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, d\u1eabu cho c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u01a1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u1ea5y. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt chi ph\u1ed1i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1t tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 n\u0103m m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>T\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 qua to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb b\u00e0i n\u00e0y; l\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o d\u00f9 tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, phong ph\u00fa, v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00f3, li\u1ec5u tri\u1ec7t, th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o n\u00f3 kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng h\u01a1n, n\u00f3 \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u1eebng t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. M\u1ed9t m\u00f3ng kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, nh\u1ecf nhi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong kh\u00f4ng gian, kh\u1eafp t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. L\u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u0111i ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y v\u00e0 n\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u0169ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o theo ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i d\u1eabn l\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i r\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 loay hoay t\u1ea1i mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1ebf t\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed5 th\u1eeba cho m\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3i, huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n hay th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ed5ng tri\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: <em>&#8220;Ch\u1ed7 d\u00e2m, n\u1ed9, si ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0o ra c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trang t\u1eed c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: <em>&#8220;T\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kit\u00f4 h\u1eefu n\u00f3i: <em>&#8220;V\u1ec1 b\u00ean ch\u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i: <em>&#8220;Th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i c\u1ed1 qu\u1eadn mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. M\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. K\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec h\u1ecd tu theo \u0111\u1ee9c tin, c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n, ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f3 th\u00e1c m\u00ecnh cho Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng d\u00e2m n\u1ed9, si; c\u0169ng l\u00e0m cho y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3 n\u00e0o, m\u1ed9t \u00f4ng thi\u00ean n\u00e0o. \u0110\u1ecbnh, t\u00e2m s\u1ebd y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng. Nh\u1edd y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng m\u1edbi tu t\u1eadp tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1edbi s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p nh\u1edd n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m m\u00ecnh d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. R\u1ed3i tu t\u1eadp minh s\u00e1t ra sao! Ch\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>HI\u1ec6N T\u01af\u1ee2NG CH\u1ebeT V\u00c0 T\u00c1I SANH<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, nh\u1eefng th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0i nghi \u0111eo b\u00e1m t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay; v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111ang c\u00f2n treo l\u01a1 l\u1eedng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n n\u1ea1n si\u00eau h\u00ecnh nh\u1ee9c nh\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00ed \u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi <em>(Thi\u00ean Nh\u00e2n <\/em><em>S\u01b0), <\/em>l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t th\u1ebf gian, th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t tam gi\u1edbi <em>(Th\u1ebf Gian Gi\u1ea3i), <\/em>l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh <em>(Ch\u00e1nh Bi\u1ebfn Tri) <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tu Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 <a><\/a><em>\u201chi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh\u201d?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd mu\u1ed1n \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qua nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean h\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a <em>\u201cnghi\u1ec7p\u201d <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u1ebft.<\/li><li>L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m <sup>(1)<\/sup> c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp ch\u1ebft.<\/li><li>Ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c <sup>(2)<\/sup> v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>D\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I- Nh\u1eefng Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n C\u1ee7a S\u1ef1 Ch\u1ebft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi. Ch\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t h\u1eb3n, ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i sanh ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi m\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, l\u1eb7n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng b\u1ed1c h\u01a1i, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t \u0111i. M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i bay, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n kh\u00f3i tan, m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Abhidhamma &#8211; t\u1ea1m hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> L\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ebfp kia; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, sau khi ch\u1ebft, c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y n\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>s\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c. V\u1ea1n h\u1eefu l\u00e0 v\u1eady th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, sau khi ch\u1ebft, t\u00f9y theo tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c, h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c r\u1ea5t chi l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u00ec, ch\u1ebft, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n <sup>(3)<\/sup> <em>(j\u012bvitindriya), <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng <em>(tejodh\u0101tu) <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a) <\/em>l\u00eca b\u1ecf th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, ch\u1ebft c\u00f3 4 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/li><li>S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><li>Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/li><li>Do s\u1ef1 xen v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a <em>\u201c\u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7p\u201d <\/em><sup>(4).<\/sup><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 <em>\u201cch\u1ebft t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean\u201d, <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft khi \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft. Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft do h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd \u2013 nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n t\u1eaft v\u00ec d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd h\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o <em>(sanh nghi\u1ec7p) <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t &#8211; v\u00ed nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u c\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng tim ch\u01b0a l\u1ee5n &#8211; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng <em>\u201clay l\u1eaft\u201d <\/em>trong c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u1ee7a sanh nghi\u1ec7p hay nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong ki\u1ebfp \u1ea5y. D\u00f9 thi\u1ec7n d\u00f9 \u00e1c, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea3 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho <em>\u201csanh nghi\u1ec7p <\/em><em>m\u1edbi\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201cnghi\u1ec7p t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cNghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m <em>(javana) <\/em><sup>(5),<\/sup> t\u01b0 t\u00e1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o ra l\u00fac l\u00e2m chung, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh chi ph\u1ed1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> T\u1ea1m hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai: S\u1eafc m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd <em>(s\u1eafc <\/em><em>u\u1ea9n); <\/em>v\u00e0 danh m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c <em>(danh u\u1ea9n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(4)<\/sup> Nghi\u1ec7p \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00eca m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(5)<\/sup> \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m hay t\u1ed1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m. Trong d\u00f2ng tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 7 ch\u1eb7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng rung \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>(nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng 5), <\/em>sanh r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t nhanh nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m <em>(t\u01b0 t\u00e1c) <\/em>n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ch\u1eb7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, mang s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea9y t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u thai theo c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><a><\/a>s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh. V\u00e0o s\u00e1t-na \u1ea5y, l\u00fac sanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n ra, m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a sanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f9ng di\u1ec7t.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0 <em>(th\u1ecd), <\/em>\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201csanh<\/em><em> <\/em><em>nghi\u1ec7p\u201d <\/em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n t\u1eaft do h\u1ebft d\u1ea7u, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai do tim l\u1ee5n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 h\u1ebft d\u1ea7u, tim l\u1ee5n c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; S\u1ef1 chen v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7p.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chen v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng, c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t sanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft d\u1eef do m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac tr\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft do bom n\u1ed5, dao \u0111\u00e2m, xe t\u00f4ng, l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y, ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i&#8230; ch\u00fang g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cb\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi <em>(k\u0101lamara\u1e47a), <\/em>lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft phi th\u1eddi <em>(ak\u0101lamara\u1e47a).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n b\u1ecb t\u1eaft, ba lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 h\u1ebft d\u1ea7u, tim l\u1ee5n, tim v\u00e0 d\u1ea7u c\u00f9ng h\u1ebft; th\u00ec lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 \u2013 \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi\u1ec7p \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft trong khi d\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 tim v\u1eabn c\u00f2n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II.&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u1eefng Hi\u1ec7n T\u01b0\u1ee3ng Nghi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e1t Sanh Tr\u01b0\u1edbc Khi Ch\u1ebft.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eafp s\u1eeda ch\u1ebft, trong khi l\u00e2m chung, do s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c <em>(th\u1ee9c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n) <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong 4 nghi\u1ec7p sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p <em>(nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh)<\/em><sup>(6)<\/sup><\/li><li>T\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p <em>(th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>T\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nghi\u1ec7p <em>(nghi\u1ec7p do t\u00edch l\u0169y, ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m t\u1eebng l\u00fac, t\u1eebng <\/em><em>khi, kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean).<\/em><\/li><li>C\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p <em>(nghi\u1ec7p l\u00fac g\u1ea7n ch\u1ebft).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p, d\u1ea7u thi\u1ec7n d\u1ea7u \u00e1c, t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m chung b\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y chi ph\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chen v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u01b0u ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nghi\u1ec7p, do th\u00f3i quen b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. T\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m t\u1eebng l\u00fac, t\u1eebng khi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy t\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 t\u00ednh c\u0169ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(6)<\/sup> C\u00f3 hai: 1, thi\u1ec7n c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh. 2, \u00e1c c\u1ef1c tr\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ng\u0169 ngh\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><a><\/a>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c ra \u0111i. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u01a1i th\u1edf, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u1eabu l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m chung s\u1ebd b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00fa t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>Nghi\u1ec7p <em>(Kamma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c \u2013 m\u1ed9t trong 4 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean \u2013 s\u1ebd quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t-na t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t-na t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m \u2013 m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u1eb7c thanh t\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ef7 ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3 \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, sau \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra hai bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00fa t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng <em>(Kammanimitta)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i qua 5 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 m\u00f4n<sup>(7),<\/sup> sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u00fd m\u00f4n.<sup>(8)<\/sup> V\u1eady, nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb \u00fd c\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1eebng kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c, hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh, n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng trong \u00fd m\u00f4n <em>(c\u1eeda \u00fd) <\/em>c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u1eadu m\u00e1u, con dao&#8230; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3.<\/li><li>H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n, kim ti\u00eam, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng y.<\/li><li>B\u00ecnh hoa, quy\u1ec3n kinh, b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, h\u1ed9p x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i, b\u1ed9 tam y\u2026 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u00edn n\u1eef thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh.<\/li><li>M\u00f9i tr\u1ea7m, m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa&#8230; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay thi\u1ebft l\u1ec5 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i, b\u00e0n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt.<\/li><li>M\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u01a1 trang nh\u00e3, c\u00e2u v\u0103n, con ch\u1eef&#8230; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, nh\u00e0 th\u01a1.<\/li><li>M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh n\u00fai non u t\u1ecbch&#8230; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc \u1ea9n s\u0129.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n ra, ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00fa t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(7)<\/sup> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m qua n\u0103m c\u1eeda m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(8)<\/sup> \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m qua c\u1eeda \u00fd, \u00fd th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>3-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>Th\u00fa t\u01b0\u1edbng <em>(Gatinimitta)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh <em>(th\u00fa c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi). <\/em>T\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00f9y theo thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, thanh t\u1ecbnh hay nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4&#8230; ch\u00fang s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n ra trong \u00fd m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m t\u1eed. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ea5y r\u1eebng l\u1eeda, bi\u1ec3n m\u00e1u, h\u1ea7m dao, ch\u00f4ng&#8230; \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.<\/li><li>Th\u1ea5y h\u1ea7m s\u00e2u hun h\u00fat, tanh, h\u00f4i&#8230; l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i v\u00e0o thai b\u00e0o s\u00fac sanh.<\/li><li>Th\u1ea5y l\u1ed1i l\u00ean m\u00e2y cao v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1, huy ho\u00e0ng&#8230; l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t-na n\u00e0y, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh s\u1ebd n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1 t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y. V\u00ec gi\u00e2y <a><\/a>ph\u00fat l\u00e2m t\u1eed n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o c\u1eadn t\u1eed nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed1t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m t\u1eed, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng <em>(t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, quy\u1ec3n kinh), <\/em>\u00e2m thanh <em>(t\u1ee5ng kinh, chu\u00f4ng, m\u00f5), <\/em>m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(tr\u1ea7m)&#8230; <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ng\u0169 m\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u00fd m\u00f4n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb9p, thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong s\u00e1ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y <em>(do nh\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng, <\/em><em>li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kamma <em>(nghi\u1ec7p) <\/em>lu\u00f4n kh\u1edfi \u1edf \u00fd c\u0103n; kammanimitta <em>(nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng) <\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1i 1 trong 6 c\u0103n, tu\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p. Gatinimitta <em>(th\u00fa t\u01b0\u1edbng), <\/em>lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi trong t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5c chi\u00eam bao.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III.&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ed9 Tr\u00ecnh T\u00e2m C\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi S\u1eafp Ch\u1ebft.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00fa t\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n ra, l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m t\u1eed s\u1ebd n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ch\u00fang l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, r\u1ed3i c\u00e1c s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t quan tr\u1ecdng di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi t\u1eed t\u00e2m di\u1ec7t, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u. V\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p <em>(vi th\u1ec3 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o) <\/em>n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra do t\u00e2m hay do v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u1eafc do h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i <em>(n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh, th\u1eddi ti\u1ebft) <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi thi th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh tro b\u1ee5i.<\/li><li>Sau khi t\u1eed t\u00e2m di\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c do t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m <em>(javana) <\/em>quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng k\u1ebf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t-na bhava\u1e45ga <em>(h\u1eefu ph\u1ea7n, d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng) <\/em>ho\u1eb7c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u d\u00f2ng bhava\u1e45ga kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>l\u00fac n\u00e0o \u00fd m\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m, 5 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00e2m \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 <em>\u201cnghi\u1ec7p sanh s\u1eafc\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean danh-s\u1eafc trong thai b\u00e0o. Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u00f2ng bhava\u1e45ga ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang c\u1ee9 tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec9. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n sinh t\u1eed v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n n\u01a1i c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, s\u00fac sanh, a-tu-la, lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh, c\u00e1c c\u00f5i trong Tam gi\u1edbi. T\u00e2m sao th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh v\u1eady, nh\u00e2n sao th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 sai tr\u1eadt. S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng; trong s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y, v\u00f4 chung \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1ecd gi\u1ea3; nh\u01b0ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 <em>\u201cch\u00fang ta\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi <em>\u201ccho m\u00ecnh\u201d <\/em>b\u1edfi <em>\u201cquy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh! V\u1eady, sau khi bi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y <em>\u201chi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00e0o d\u00e1m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111ang c\u00f2n lang thang, phi\u00eau d\u1ea1t trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sinh, ho\u1eb7c do ta \u0111ang c\u00f2n ham ch\u01a1i, \u0111ang c\u00f2n vui \u0111\u00f9a, th\u00edch th\u00fa v\u1edbi c\u00e1c <em>\u201cgames\u201d <\/em>b\u00ean b\u1edd n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 s\u1eafm \u0111\u00f2, s\u1eafm ch\u00e8o<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">r\u1ed3i m\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a mu\u1ed1n sang s\u00f4ng!?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><a><\/a>NG\u0168 U\u1ea8N<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Pa\u00f1ca-khandha)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u1eabn Lu\u1eadn V\u1ec1 U\u1ea9n <em>(Khandha)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n <sup>(1)<\/sup>. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u: S\u1eafc l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd, v\u00e0 danh l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 (tu\u1ec7 tri) <sup>(2)<\/sup> ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Khandha <em>(u\u1ea9n) <\/em>l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khandha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 <em>\u201cu\u1ea9n\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp, t\u00edch t\u1eadp theo t\u1eebng lo\u1ea1i, t\u1eebng nh\u00f3m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: S\u1eafc, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1eafc t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecd t\u00edch t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i&#8230; Do u\u1ea9n v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, n\u00ean \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 trong kinh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb k\u1ebft t\u1eadp s\u01b0 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi u\u1ea9n, \u0111\u1ecbnh u\u1ea9n, tu\u1ec7 u\u1ea9n.<\/li><li>Khandha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u1ea5m\u201d, <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u0103n che, ng\u0103n l\u1ea1i, che \u0111\u1eady c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c. D\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103m c\u00e1i <em>\u201c\u1ea5m\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y ng\u0103n che, che \u0111\u1eady l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo Nik\u0101ya, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- S\u1eafc t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> S\u1eafc l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd; th\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c; t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd; th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u2013 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng thu gom ho\u1eb7c x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> Tu\u1ec7 <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101), <\/em>tu\u1ec7 tri l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 <em>(paj\u0101n\u0101ti).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ed3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- H\u00e3y nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt li\u1ec5u tri <sup>(3)<\/sup>s\u1eafc t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. H\u00e3y nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt li\u1ec5u tri th\u1ecd t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 th\u1ecd \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t&#8230; th\u1ee9c t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do th\u1ebf, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc khi t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecd ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1ecd khi t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n&#8230; N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt li\u1ec5u tri th\u00ec s\u1eafc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(paramattha). <\/em>\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1eafc khi ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 th\u1ecd khi ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng khi ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh khi ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c khi ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi v\u00ec <em>\u201cc\u00f3 t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 u\u1ea9n\u201d. <\/em>S\u1eafc t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn b\u1edfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti), <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn qua t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm <em>(thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Duy Th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi <\/em><em>l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p) <\/em>th\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u1eafc n\u00e0y ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean s\u1eafc kia m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean u\u1ea9n: C\u00e1i t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, c\u00e1i ng\u0103n che, c\u00e1i r\u1ed1i ren, c\u00e1i r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. R\u1ed3i, c\u00e0ng t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, c\u00e0ng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, c\u00e0ng d\u00e0y s\u00e2u th\u00eam ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y; v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3, sai l\u1ea7m ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t sai l\u1ea7m, che m\u1edd c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201ctuy\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1ee3ng gia s\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1eafc t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1eafc sanh, s\u1eafc \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t; th\u1ecd t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd sanh, th\u1ecd \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t&#8230; C\u00e1i s\u1eafc b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c th\u00e2n ta n\u00f3 sinh di\u1ec7t theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd; c\u00e1i th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3 sinh di\u1ec7t theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd&#8230; S\u1eafc v\u00e0 th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i s\u1eafc t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi do ta t\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ebb ra, s\u1eafc \u1ea5y m\u1edbi b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra) <\/em>chi ph\u1ed1i, m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, c\u00e1i \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5. Do th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1i u\u1ea9n \u1ea5y, u\u1ea9n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 sanh th\u00ec u\u1ea9n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t. U\u1ea9n, theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng m\u1edbi mong gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> Li\u1ec5u tri <em>(\u0101j\u0101n\u0101ti) <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, b\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1c tr\u00ed <em>(bodhi\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a) <\/em>hay b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>1-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><strong>R\u016bpa <em>(S\u1eafc)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.1- S\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c s\u1eafc <em>(ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn &#8211; paramattha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 thu\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1eafc th\u00e2n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i th\u00e2n s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh t\u1eeb l\u00fac sinh ra \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, t\u1eed vong n\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eebng gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc m\u1ed9t. R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, m\u00e1u huy\u1ebft n\u00f3 sinh di\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng; nh\u1edd v\u1eady t\u1ebf b\u00e0o m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u0169, m\u00e1u m\u1edbi thay th\u1ebf m\u00e1u c\u0169. C\u00e1i \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean, c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 s\u1eafc n\u00e0y, ta c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>5 s\u1eafc thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n, ng\u0169 c\u0103n: Nh\u00e3n c\u0103n <em>(m\u1eaft), <\/em>nh\u0129 c\u0103n <em>(tai), <\/em>t\u1ef7 c\u0103n <em>(m\u0169i), <\/em>thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n <em>(l\u01b0\u1ee1i), <\/em>th\u00e2n c\u0103n <em>(th\u00e2n).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed7i c\u0103n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n. Ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n s\u1eafc th\u00f4 th\u00e1o b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i; t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n s\u1eafc vi t\u1ebf \u1edf b\u00ean trong, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng mang th\u00f4ng tin truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1o l\u00ean trung khu th\u1ea7n kinh n\u00e3o b\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>7 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ng\u0169 c\u0103n m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n.<\/li><li>M\u1eaft th\u1ea5y m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt <em>(m\u1ecdi s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3nh quan, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu &#8211; s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/em><\/li><li>Tai nghe m\u1ecdi \u00e2m thanh <em>(\u00e2m thanh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <\/em><em>s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/em><\/li><li>M\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t &#8211; s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>L\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb <em>(v\u1ecb c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t &#8211; s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/em><\/li><li>Th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3 <em>(s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m, s\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00f4 r\u00e1p, c\u1ee9ng <em>(\u0111\u1ea5t), <\/em>c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh <em>(l\u1eeda), <\/em>c\u00e1i g\u00ec rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>(gi\u00f3). <\/em>C\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m li\u00ean k\u1ebft, d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c s\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 th\u00ec th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, th\u00e2n x\u00fac c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0110\u1ea5t, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c th\u00f4 s\u1eafc, c\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c t\u1ebf s\u1eafc. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u0169 c\u0103n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: S\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ea5t, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 12 s\u1eafc \u1ea5y th\u00ec s\u1eafc n\u00e0o c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, d\u1ecbch bi\u1ebfn, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. D\u00f9 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n hay ph\u00e0m phu \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 12 s\u1eafc \u1ea5y, gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kh\u00f4ng sai, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc khi ch\u01b0a t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, l\u00fd tr\u00ed hay t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi xen v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1.2- S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n <em>(thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u2013 pa\u00f1\u00f1atti).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong 12 s\u1eafc \u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu 5 s\u1eafc c\u0103n b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 <em>\u201cta\u201d; <\/em>v\u00e0 7 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 <em>\u201cc\u1ee7a ta\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n r\u1ed3i! M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi m\u1eaft ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t b\u00f4ng hoa, ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nh\u00ecn b\u00f4ng hoa nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00f4ng hoa <em>(s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c), <\/em>m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1i hoa \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: Hoa \u0111\u1ecf, hoa v\u00e0ng, hoa n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p, hoa kia x\u1ea5u, hoa n\u00e0y c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, hoa kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecf, v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1eb9p, x\u1ea5u, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ee5p, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean c\u00e1i hoa th\u1ef1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi. C\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ee5p, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n.<\/li><li>Khi tai nghe \u00e2m thanh, ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd nghe \u00e2m thanh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh <em>(s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c \u2013 \u00e2m thanh l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 s\u1eafc) <\/em>m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean c\u00e1i \u00e2m thanh \u1ea5y, n\u00e0o cao, n\u00e0o th\u1ea5p, n\u00e0o tr\u1ea7m, n\u00e0o b\u1ed5ng, n\u00e0o r\u00e9o r\u1eafc, n\u00e0o th\u00ea l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan, do t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m hay l\u00fd tr\u00ed n\u00e0y ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebb ra n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ee5p, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean c\u00e1i \u00e2m thanh th\u1ef1c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi. C\u00e1i ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ee5p, ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc <em>(thanh) <\/em>u\u1ea9n.<\/li><li>M\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb, th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh xen v\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, n\u00f3i theo thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Duy Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do <em>\u201cbi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p\u201d <\/em>m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.3- S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u1eafc u\u1ea9n n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ea, kh\u1edfi sanh ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5. H\u00f4m qua t\u00f4i c\u00e3i nhau v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1eadn t\u1ee9c nhau. S\u00e1ng nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec3 xin l\u1ed7i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eeba nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua hi\u1ec7n ra n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f9ng n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn. \u1ed2, h\u00f3a ra, l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t <em>(s\u1eafc) <\/em>c\u1ee7a anh ta t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m qua \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a anh ta s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m nay <em>(s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n) <\/em>n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2m ra gi\u1eadn gh\u00e9t. V\u1eady th\u00ec r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh gi\u1eadn gh\u00e9t c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3, v\u00ec h\u00f4m qua \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n h\u00f4m nay, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh ta, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t <em>(s\u1eafc) <\/em>anh ta \u0111ang m\u1edbi m\u1ebb hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y! Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, minh s\u00e1t, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi <em>\u201cth\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111ang l\u00e0\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n kia li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 s\u00e2n si gi\u1eadn gh\u00e9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>2-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><strong>Vedan\u0101 <em>(Th\u1ecd)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh, l\u00e0 thu n\u1ea1p, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi n\u00f3i 2 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c.<ul><li>Khi n\u00f3i 3 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c, th\u1ecd x\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi n\u00f3i 5 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3, \u01b0u, h\u1ef7.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi n\u00f3i 6 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 6 th\u1ecd \u0111i ngang qua 6 c\u0103n nh\u00e3n th\u1ecd, nh\u0129 th\u1ecd&#8230; Tuy r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t 3 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5,<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 v\u00ec \u01b0u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 trong t\u00e2m, v\u00e0 h\u1ef7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c trong t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1- Th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, paramattha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1.1- Kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd <em>(dukkhavedan\u0101).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c x\u1ea9y ra \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c khi ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n s\u1eafc thanh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb x\u00fac hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi nh\u00ecn \u00e1nh n\u1eafng ch\u00f3i chang th\u00ec c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u1ee9c m\u1eaft; khi nghe \u00e2m thanh qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn th\u00ec l\u00f9ng b\u00f9ng l\u1ed7 tai; khi tr\u1eddi r\u00e9t qu\u00e1 th\u00ec da nghe bu\u1ed1t l\u1ea1nh. B\u1eadc gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 \u0111au, nh\u1ee9c, ng\u1ee9a, n\u00f3ng, t\u00ea, l\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay, ch\u01b0a qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1edf th\u00edch, th\u00f3i quen ho\u1eb7c t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ta <em>(paramattha ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn b\u1edfi pa\u00f1\u00f1atti) <\/em>n\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1.2- L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd <em>(sukhavedan\u0101).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, th\u00edch th\u00fa, khoan kho\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay. Ta h\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0102n m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n h\u1ee3p kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb, c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ngon. Ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7m c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. Ph\u00e0m phu hay th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e0 ph\u00e0m phu, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1.3- X\u1ea3 th\u1ecd <em>(upekkh\u0101vedan\u0101).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u1ea3 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd; n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u1edbi x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 l\u00fac th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au nh\u1ee9c, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu ho\u1eb7c th\u00edch th\u00fa, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00fac c\u00f3 x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd, ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u, s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n, tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ta mu\u1ed1n \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ea1y t\u00ecm c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac kh\u00e1c; r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u00f2ng kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, c\u1ea3 ba c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c l\u00fd tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta xen v\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2- Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n <em>(thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u2013 pa\u00f1\u00f1atti).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2.1-<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Kh\u1ed5<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>th\u1ecd<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>u\u1ea9n<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>hay<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kh\u1ed5<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kh\u1ed5<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><em>(dukkhadukkhavedan\u0101).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay \u1edf tr\u00ean, ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t t\u1ea7ng n\u1eefa g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m s\u00e2n <em>(phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i &#8211; vibhavata\u1e47h\u0101) <\/em>t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>(l\u00e0 do ta b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i n\u00ean ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00e2m s\u00e2n) <\/em>n\u00ean kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ecb t\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh chi ph\u1ed1i, ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, kh\u1ed5 thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay ch\u1ec9 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, kh\u1ed5 do s\u00e2n chi ph\u1ed1i l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m. Kh\u1ed5 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u0103n tr\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c. Kh\u1ed5 \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 do <em>\u201ct\u01b0 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>chi ph\u1ed1i. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f3p m\u00e9o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2.2-<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>L\u1ea1c<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>th\u1ecd<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>u\u1ea9n<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>hay<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>l\u1ea1c<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>ho\u1ea1i<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>kh\u1ed5<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><em>(vipari\u1e47\u0101ma-dukkha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay ph\u00e1t sanh nh\u01b0 2.1.2, do t\u00e2m tham <em>(h\u1eefu \u00e1i<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>bhavata\u1e47h\u0101) <\/em>xen v\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n:<ul><li>Khi l\u1ea1c \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec s\u1ee3 l\u1ea1c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi l\u1ea1c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u th\u00ec sinh ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi l\u1ea1c bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t th\u00ec sinh ra nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc, s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo s\u1ee3, ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng, nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 m\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 do l\u1ea1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c; \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 hay l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2.3- X\u1ea3 th\u1ecd <em>(upekkh\u0101vedan\u0101).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u, ch\u1ea1y \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u01b0a th\u00edch kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u0103ng x\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, l\u0103ng x\u0103ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101radukkha). <\/em>S\u1ef1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 do t\u00e2m si hay d\u1ee5c \u00e1i chi ph\u1ed1i, ch\u1ea1y \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u01b0a th\u00edch, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.3- Th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3, h\u1ef7, \u01b0u \u1edf tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a b\u00e3n ng\u00e3, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i \u0111au, t\u00f4i nh\u1ee9c, t\u00f4i vui, t\u00f4i bu\u1ed3n <em>(ta v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta) <\/em>th\u00ec t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n. L\u1ea5y tu\u1ec7 minh s\u00e1t nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm th\u00ec ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 do ta t\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebb ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi ta th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t hay ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea3. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ta gh\u00e9t th\u00ec v\u1ebb m\u1eb7t hay ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, c\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng g\u00ec c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn ta kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i c\u1ea3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a ta, \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(l\u1ea1c) <\/em>hay kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i <em>(kh\u1ed5).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ta t\u1ef1 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1c hay kh\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n. C\u00f3 c\u00e2u ng\u1ea1n ng\u1eef: <em>\u201cKhi th\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00e1i \u1ea5u c\u0169ng tr\u00f2n, khi gh\u00e9t tr\u00e1i b\u1ed3 h\u00f2n c\u0169ng m\u00e9o\u201d; <\/em>ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 Ti\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1n: <em>\u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u1ed3n c\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 vui \u0111\u00e2u bao gi\u1edd\u201d <\/em>gi\u00fap ta th\u1ea5y <a><\/a>r\u00f5 c\u00e1i u\u1ea9n \u1ea5y, n\u00f3 ph\u1ee7 ch\u1ee5p l\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>T\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(Sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb <em>(ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n &#8211; s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) <\/em>v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec <em>(nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ban \u0111\u1ea7u).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn, nh\u00ecn tho\u00e1ng qua l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2y cam, c\u00e2y m\u00edt; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e1 \u1ed5i, l\u00e1 chanh&#8230;<ul><li>Tho\u00e1ng m\u00f9i chi\u00ean, x\u00e0o, kho t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp bay ra; ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng kho, m\u00f9i d\u1ea7u ch\u00e1y&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>V\u00e0o khu r\u1eebng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfng chim; ta ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng chim s\u00e2u, kia l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng chim c\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1ee1ng&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o tri gi\u00e1c \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang; ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb k\u00fd \u1ee9c, h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta xen v\u00e0o l\u00e0m cho tri gi\u00e1c \u1ea5y sai l\u1ec7ch \u0111i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.1-T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, paramattha).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1i b\u1edfi nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd <em>(yoniso-manasik\u0101ra) <\/em>th\u00ec tri gi\u00e1c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>\u201cnh\u01b0- <\/em><em>n\u00f3-\u0111ang-l\u00e0\u201d, <\/em>\u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Khi nghe ti\u1ebfng chim, ta l\u1eafng nghe tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ti\u1ebfng chim \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cho b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 <em>&#8220;t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221; <\/em>g\u00ec xen v\u00e0o c\u1ea3. \u0110\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd <em>(kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m, h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3.2- T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n <em>(thu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u2013 pa\u00f1\u00f1atti)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1i b\u1edfi phi nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd <em>(ayoniso-manasik\u0101ra)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u00ec tri gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ecb k\u00fd \u1ee9c, h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng xen v\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb&#8230; qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh, m\u00f9i v\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho <em>\u201ctri gi\u00e1c \u0111ang l\u00e0\u201d <\/em>b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xen v\u00e0o l\u00e0m sai l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 con r\u1eafn r\u1ed3i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i con r\u1eafn do m\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t sanh<ul><li>Th\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y lay \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 con ma, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i b\u1ecf ch\u1ea1y. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nghe ti\u1ebfng s\u00fang n\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o r\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m c\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f4ng vui. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e1i b\u1edfi nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) <\/em>kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ec1u do ta ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebb ra; c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3- T\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t <em>(u\u1ea9n), <\/em>che \u0111\u1eady <em>(\u1ea5m) <\/em>\u1edf tr\u00ean, ta th\u1ea5y con r\u1eafn, b\u00f3ng ma, ti\u1ebfng ph\u00e1o n\u1ed5, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ef1-nhi\u00ean-\u0111ang-l\u00e0. Ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra vui, bu\u1ed3n, kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c th\u00ec c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u <em>\u201cti\u00eau ma\u201d!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong><em>4-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong><strong>H\u00e0nh <em>(Sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, h\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m n\u00ean. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t c\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1n h\u00e0 nh\u1eadt nguy\u1ec7t, sum la v\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p b\u1edfi c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu vi n\u00e0y b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00ean ch\u00fang v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, nh\u01b0ng <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m n\u00ean th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o t\u1ee9 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu ph\u00fac, tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, tr\u1eddi S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tr\u1eddi V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. Sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi: V\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh <strong>s<\/strong>a\u1e45kh\u0101ra, h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y do t\u00e2m l\u00fd, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, s\u1edf th\u00edch, quan ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebb ra n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra \u2013 h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n n\u1ea7y n\u00e0y m\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, k\u00e8m th\u00eam kh\u1ed5. N\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb th\u01b0\u01a1ng ra gh\u00e9t, t\u1eeb gh\u00e9t ra h\u1eadn r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sabbe sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra anicc\u0101ti <em>(t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sabbe sa\u1e45kh\u0101r\u0101dukkh\u0101ti <em>(t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sabbe dhamm\u0101anatt\u0101ti <em>(t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ng\u00e3). <\/em>Ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p do m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebb ra, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ra &#8211; n\u00ean ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 Ni\u1ebft- b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.1- Sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh. <\/strong>H\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ea3 50 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh trong ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>S\u1eafc (r\u016bpa)<\/td><td>Th\u1ecd (vedan\u0101)<\/td><td>T\u01b0\u1edfng (sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/td><td>H\u00e0nh (sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra)<\/td><td>Th\u1ee9c (vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/td><td>1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/td><td>50 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/td><td>\u00af<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>52 t\u00e2m s\u1edf<\/td><td>89 t\u00e2m<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi 50 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd do <em>&#8220;t\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m thi\u1ec7n, <em>&#8220;t\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 t\u00edn, ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e0m, qu\u00fd, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si&#8230;<ul><li>N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, <em>&#8220;t\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 si, v\u00f4<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u00e0m, v\u00f4 qu\u00fd, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, <em>&#8220;t\u01b0&#8221; <\/em>quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n chi nh\u01b0 t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m.<ul><li>\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o,qu\u1ea3, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, <em>&#8220;t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u201d <\/em>d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>\u201ctu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf\u201d <\/em>thay th\u1ebf.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf chi ph\u1ed1i m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ec7 t\u00e2m s\u1edf thay th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, trong s\u00e1ng; c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng cao \u0111\u1eb9p, thanh b\u00ecnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.2- H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n <em>(khandhasa\u1e45kh\u0101ra):<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, trong s\u00e1ng th\u00ec sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt h\u1eefu vi c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean d\u00f9 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay tinh<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u1ea7n; nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u00fang b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n th\u00ec h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kh\u1edfi sanh do t\u01b0 chi ph\u1ed1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, do t\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh, t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201ct\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c\u201d (sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra), <\/em>thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, ba c\u00f5i s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u00f3 c\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4.3- H\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ra ngo\u00e0i qua th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u th\u00ec ta d\u00f9ng ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. Khi h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng trong t\u00e2m th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh. Khi h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n qua th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) <\/em>ho\u1eb7c ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn <em>(samm\u0101 di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi) <\/em>v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy <em>(samm\u0101 sa\u1e45kappa) <\/em>c\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c s\u1ebd h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n .<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Th\u1ee9c <em>(Vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a)<\/em><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1ee9c <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a) <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m <em>(citta) <\/em>hay \u00fd <em>(mana).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.1- Th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(ch\u01b0a ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u2013 paramattha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00fac s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5y c\u00f2n trong s\u00e1ng, ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 xen v\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng do m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n trao qua m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/li><li>Th\u1ee9c bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 qu\u00e1n xuy\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf, chi ph\u1ed1i s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh.<\/li><li>Ng\u0169 c\u0103n ti\u00eap nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c \u2013 ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c.<\/li><li>Th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sao ch\u00e9p kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u01b0u tr\u1eef \u1edf kho ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5.2- Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n <em>(\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn- pa\u00f1\u00f1atti)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c b\u1ecb s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n chi ph\u1ed1i th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.3- Th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1eadt ra ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n tr\u1ea3 th\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c <em>(r\u1ed1i ren, ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c) <\/em>ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n chi ph\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do nh\u01b0 l\u00fd t\u00e1c \u00fd d\u1eabn d\u1eaft th\u00ec th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ki\u1ebfn, v\u0103n, gi\u00e1c, tri nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c; l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c tri ki\u1ebfn <em>(yath\u0101bh\u016bta \u00f1\u0101\u1e47adassana).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n Giai Kh\u00f4ng <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- T\u1eeb b\u00e0i kinh B\u0101hiya:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang c\u00f2n trong s\u00e1ng, Abhidhamma g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh <em>(paramatha-dhamma), <\/em>Duy Th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n, th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 do b\u1ecb tham s\u00e2n si chi ph\u1ed1i, l\u00fd tr\u00ed, t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ch\u1ee7 quan chen v\u00e0o n\u00ean b\u00f3p m\u00e9o c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n; Abhidhamma g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti- dhamma), <\/em>c\u00f2n Duy Th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn k\u1ec3 s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, trong s\u00e1ng ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5y, ch\u01b0a b\u1ecb v\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan hay bi\u1ebfn k\u1ebf s\u1edf ch\u1ea5p th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00f3at, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A- la-h\u00e1n. Ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh trong Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 kinh, B\u0101hiya sutta; t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- L\u00fac \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean (Jetavana) \u0111i tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i X\u00e1 V\u1ec7 (S\u0101vatthi) th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0, t\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u0101hiya D\u0101raciriva, \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p. Khi \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u00f4m b\u00e1t \u0111i v\u00e0o gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c x\u00f3m nh\u00e0 th\u00ec B\u0101hiya D\u0101raciriva \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n b\u00ean, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2n ng\u00e0i:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n h\u00e3y thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho con, Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 h\u00e3y thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho con, nh\u1edd v\u1eady con c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i.<\/em><ul><li><em>Nay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eddi, n\u00e0y B\u0101hiya! \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111ang \u0111i tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 sao?<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><em>Con th\u1ea5y, b\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Thi\u1ec7n Th\u1ec7 v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh con kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra l\u00fac n\u00e0o. B\u1edfi v\u1eady, mong Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho con nghe.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>V\u1eady n\u00e0y B\u0101hiya! \u00d4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 sau: Trong c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y. Trong c\u00e1i nghe, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nghe. Trong c\u00e1i th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng. Trong c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c tri, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c tri.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y B\u0101hiya! N\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y; trong c\u00e1i nghe, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nghe; trong c\u00e1i th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng; trong c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c tri, s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c tri th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00f4ng \u1edf trong \u1ea5y, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Do v\u1eady, n\u00e0y B\u0101hiya! \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau, \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1eb7ng gi\u1eefa. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1edd l\u1eddi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u00f3m t\u1eaft n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a B\u0101hiya D\u0101ruciriya \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1eddi ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec nghe tin c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u00fac ch\u1ebft l\u00e3o b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e0, ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y, l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n x\u00e1c B\u0101hiya D\u0101ruciriya, \u0111\u1eb7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u00f5ng, \u0111em \u0111i h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau, r\u1ed3i x\u00e2y th\u00e1p l\u00ean tr\u00ean. L\u00e3o b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 B\u0101hiya D\u0101ruciriya \u0111\u00e3 Ni\u1ebft- b\u00e0n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecdc \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Trong c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, trong s\u00e1ng <em>(s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, paramattha), <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ea9n. L\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ea5y <em>(di\u1e6d\u1e6dhe di\u1e6d\u1e6dhamatta\u1e43 bhavissati).<\/em><\/li><li>Trong c\u00e1i nghe, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nghe. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nghe nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ea9n. L\u00e0 nghe nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c nghe <em>(sute sutamatta\u1e43 <\/em><em>bhavissati).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m quan kia c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 u\u1ea9n, n\u0103m <a><\/a>u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u1eadu, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sanh y, t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u1eeb b\u00e0i kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a:<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cQu\u00e1n-T\u1ef1-T\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t h\u00e0nh th\u00e2m B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 Ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a th\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn ng\u0169-u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo t\u00f4i, b\u00e0i b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 t\u00e2m kinh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n \u1ea5y; c\u00f2n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1 b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i <em>(t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m), <\/em>nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c. B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, ch\u1eef Nam ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Bodhisatta; <em>\u201csatta\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh; <em>\u201cbodhi\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. V\u1eady <em>\u201cbodhisatta\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <em>\u201cch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00e1n l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, soi chi\u1ebfu, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu. T\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u1edf ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1eady, ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3 nh\u00f3m t\u1eeb <em>\u201cQu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, soi chi\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n th\u00e2n t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfp theo: H\u00e0nh th\u00e2m b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh th\u00e2m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u0111i s\u00e2u\u201d. <\/em>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, c\u00f2n ch\u1eef th\u00e2m, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb P\u0101\u1e37i l\u00e0 <em>\u201cga\u1e43bhir\u0101\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m, s\u00e2u xa; v\u1eady <em>\u201ch\u00e0nh th\u00e2m b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a\u201d <\/em>chuy\u1ec3n qua P\u0101\u1e37i l\u00e0 <em>\u201cga\u1e43bhir\u0101 pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101p\u0101ramit\u0101\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e2u m\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1edd kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 sau: <em>\u201cCh\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u00e2n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>t\u00e2m ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00fac s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e2u m\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a b\u1edd kia, soi th\u1ea5y n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t (v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua) t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i <em>\u201cn\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u201d <\/em>v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 do \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebb ra. Khi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c \u1ea5m do tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 soi chi\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u2013 b\u00e8n tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i nguy\u00ean tr\u1ea1ng \u201c<em>t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c\u201d <\/em>t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 b\u00e0i kinh B\u0101hiya \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu ai c\u00f3 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean, c\u00f3 th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam kinh Ti\u1ec3u Kh\u00f4ng, kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Kh\u00f4ng, kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nik\u0101ya th\u00ec c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u00eam t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tham s\u00e2n si, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00f3a ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tu qu\u00e1n minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 <em>(vipassan\u0101) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p &#8211; nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau, di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Hy v\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu Ph\u1eadt h\u00e3y trang b\u1ecb tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ea5y\u201d, nghe nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c nghe\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfu ki\u1ebfn ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n giai kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>TH\u1eacP NH\u1eca NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(Paticca-samupp\u0101da)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cPaticca\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1edfi, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, b\u1edfi li\u00ean quan\u2026 <em>\u201cSamupp\u0101da\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <em>\u201cc\u00e1i n\u00e0y li\u00ean h\u1ec7 c\u00e1i kia, nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean\u201d. <\/em>V\u1eady, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb <em>\u201cpaticca-samupp\u0101da\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. C\u00f3 12 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Trong \u0111\u00eam cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00f4 minh <em>(avijj\u0101), <\/em>h\u00e0nh <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra), <\/em>th\u1ee9c <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u1ee9c <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a), <\/em>danh-s\u1eafc <em>(n\u0101mar\u016bpa) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c danh-s\u1eafc <em>(n\u0101mar\u016bpa), <\/em>l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp <em>(sal\u0101yatana) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp <em>(sal\u0101yatana), <\/em>x\u00fac <em>(phassa) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c x\u00fac <em>(phassa), <\/em>th\u1ecd <em>(vedan\u0101) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u1ecd <em>(vedan\u0101), <\/em>\u00e1i <em>(ta\u1e47h\u0101) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u00e1i <em>(ta\u1e47h\u0101), <\/em>th\u1ee7 <em>(up\u0101d\u0101na) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c th\u1ee7 <em>(up\u0101d\u0101na), <\/em>h\u1eefu <em>(bhava) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c h\u1eefu <em>(bhava), <\/em>sanh <em>(j\u0101ti) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><li>T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c sanh <em>(j\u0101ti), <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00e3o, t\u1eed <em>(jar\u0101-mara\u1e47a), <\/em>s\u1ea7u <em>(soka), <\/em>bi <em>(parideva), <\/em>kh\u1ed5 <em>(dukkha), <\/em>\u01b0u <em>(domanassa), <\/em>n\u00e3o <em>(up\u0101y\u0101sa). <\/em>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: <em>&#8220;Khi c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y (nh\u00e2n) c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia (qu\u1ea3) c\u00f3. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t sanh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i n\u1ea7y (nh\u00e2n) th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia (qu\u1ea3) s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kho\u1ea3ng canh gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Do v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Do h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Do th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t th\u00ec danh, s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Do danh, s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t th\u00ec l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Do l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t th\u00ec x\u00fac di\u1ec7t.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Do x\u00fac di\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Do th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t th\u00ec \u00e1i di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Do \u00e1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Do th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t th\u00ec h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Do h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t th\u00ec sanh di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Do sanh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec l\u00e3o, t\u1eed s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf: <em>&#8220;Khi c\u00e1i n\u00e0y (nh\u00e2n) di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia (qu\u1ea3) s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1i n\u00e0y (nh\u00e2n) th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia (qu\u1ea3) s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t&#8221;.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, do v\u1eady, l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sanh, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed. Ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m trong m\u1eafc x\u00edch nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan: <em>&#8220;C\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng&#8221;. <\/em>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 sanh th\u00ec c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t. Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 <em>(tu\u1ec7 tri) <\/em>do tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch soi r\u1ecdi ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh trong 3 gi\u1edbi, 4 lo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi khai m\u1edf tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a <em>(paramattha), <\/em>ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, b\u1eb1ng b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 chi\u1ebfu soi, b\u1eb1ng tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u hay bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng suy lu\u1eadn, l\u00fd lu\u1eadn, b\u1eb1ng l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c. Do v\u1eady, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, quan ni\u1ec7m, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng do \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c, t\u01b0 duy, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebb ra <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti) <\/em>\u2013 m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed n\u0103ng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, sinh th\u00e0nh hay ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, nh\u1eefng b\u00ed m\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c h\u1ed7n mang c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0m tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, ng\u1ef1a, heo, a-tu-la, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, c\u0103n, tr\u1ea7n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi, danh, s\u1eafc; n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn gia \u0111\u00ecnh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hay an ninh, an to\u00e0n, m\u00f4i sinh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a. S\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n ng\u1ecdn ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n g\u1ed1c, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc To\u00e0n Tri Di\u1ec7u Gi\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u1eadn c\u0103n c\u1ed9i, c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e0nh, nh\u00e1nh ng\u1ecdn ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 <em>(tu\u1ec7 tri) <\/em>th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7, ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m \u0111ang sinh kh\u1edfi, \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0103n-tr\u1ea7n-th\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1edb ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a. Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, ch\u1eef ngh\u0129a, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u00f3n tay ch\u1ec9 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: <em>&#8220;Ai th\u1ea5y th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p. Ai th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<a><\/a> <a><\/a>n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, n\u01a1i duy\u00ean sinh c\u0103n-tr\u1ea7n-th\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>I-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sanh 1- V\u00f4 minh <em>(avijj\u0101)<\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb si m\u00ea, b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i b\u1ecbt l\u1ea5p, che ph\u1ee7. V\u00f4 minh l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 minh trong ch\u01b0 kinh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 duy\u00ean sinh, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf, T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf, Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 danh ph\u00e1p, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh&#8230; Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5,<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh g\u1ed1c; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i, tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong v\u00f2ng t\u1eed sanh lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec v\u00f4 minh, ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ed1ng trong sai l\u1ea7m, s\u1ed1ng trong \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng, \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c. L\u1ea5y c\u00e1i sai l\u00e0m c\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang, l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i th\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f4 minh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f4 minh. \u0110ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 vui. \u0110ang si m\u00ea, l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t. \u0110ang \u0111i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110ang b\u1ecb l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y b\u1ed1n b\u1ec1 m\u00e0 v\u1eabn n\u00f4 \u0111\u00f9a, c\u01b0\u1eddi vui, h\u00f2 reo, hoan ca nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa. \u0110ang b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafm gi\u1eefa v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y \u0111en \u0111\u00faa, h\u00f4i h\u00e1m m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00f4 minh v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc, \u0111a t\u00e0i, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, vi\u1ec7n s\u1eed, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng, tri\u1ec7u ph\u00fa, t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa&#8230; khi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf, <a><\/a>T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf, duy\u00ean sinh, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh chi ph\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f4 minh, si m\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duy\u00ean v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh sinh kh\u1edfi <em>(avijj\u0101paccay\u0101sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2- H\u00e0nh <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u00f4 minh \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y sanh kh\u1edfi. H\u00e0nh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, t\u00f9y theo m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0nh xoay quanh ngh\u0129a t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101), <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 \u00fd, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh trong 3 gi\u1edbi, 4 lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. Qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u00e1c c\u1ee7a 29 t\u00e2m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>12 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m: nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/li><li>8 t\u1ecbnh quang thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m: nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n.<\/li><li>5 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m: nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/li><li>4 V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m: nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh n\u00ean 3 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh: th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u00fd h\u00e0nh. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft b\u1edfi t\u01b0 t\u00e1c, c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p; d\u1ea7u thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u00f9 t\u1ed1t, d\u00f9 x\u1ea5u, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh, t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c do v\u00f4 minh t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xa x\u00f4i di\u1ec7u v\u1ee3i, l\u00eanh \u0111\u00eanh v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1eed sinh ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y b\u1ebfn b\u1edd. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u00e0ng \u0111i c\u00e0ng xa c\u00e1ch <em>\u201cqu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0 hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea7n Th\u00e1i T\u00f4ng: <em>\u201cV\u0129nh vi l\u00e3ng \u0111\u00e3ng phong tr\u1ea7n kh\u00e1ch, nh\u1eadt vi\u1ec5n gia h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ea1n l\u00fd tr\u00ecnh!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c, nghi\u1ec7p do tham s\u00e2n si th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecda l\u1ea1c v\u00e0o 4 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c, nghi\u1ec7p do v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si th\u00ec t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eefu ph\u00fac v\u00e0 6 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu h\u00e0nh, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c, nghi\u1ec7p quy t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n chi th\u00ec h\u00f3a sanh l\u00e0m tr\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean h\u1eefu s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8 Si\u00eau th\u1ebf t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a 4 \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 4 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e2m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng xa r\u1eddi v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 minh. Do v\u1eady, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1eefa. L\u00fac \u1ea5y t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <a><\/a>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi tu\u1ec7 <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101). <\/em>Tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00eca c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duy\u00ean h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra paccay\u0101 vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101na\u1e43)<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Th\u1ee9c <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do h\u00e0nh \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u1ee9c sanh kh\u1edfi. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh <em>(pa\u1e6disandhi) <\/em>\u1edf tam gi\u1edbi, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tam gi\u1edbi d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 32 t\u00e2m qu\u1ea3: D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 23, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu khi ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ea7u thai v\u00e0o 4 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, thi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec t\u00f9y theo <em>\u201cki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c\u201d <\/em>c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t sanh v\u1edbi x\u1ea3 hay h\u1ef7 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ed9t, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u00edt ph\u01b0\u1edbc. Hai, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>\u201ch\u1eefu tr\u00ed\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0m ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 3 nh\u00e2n <em>\u201cv\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0m tr\u1eddi h\u1eefu ph\u00fac, sang c\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u0169 quan to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 <em>\u201cv\u00f4 tr\u00ed\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0m ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai nh\u00e2n <em>\u201cv\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n\u201d <\/em>s\u1ebd thua k\u00e9m nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu ta tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9ng 5 thi\u1ec1n \u1edf s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 5 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c t\u00e2m, s\u1ebd h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 3 nh\u00e2n.<\/li><li>V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ch\u1ee9ng 4 thi\u1ec1n \u1edf v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh<\/li><li>l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 4 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c t\u00e2m, s\u1ebd h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 3 nh\u00e2n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh <em>(pa\u1e6disandhi) <\/em>l\u00e0 do t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101), <\/em>do <a><\/a>h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p chi ph\u1ed1i, quy t\u1ee5 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u1edf ch\u1eb7p t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng <em>(cuti &#8211; t\u1eed t\u00e2m) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sanh th\u00fa, t\u00e1i sanh, \u0111\u1ea7u thai ho\u1eb7c h\u00f3a sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duy\u00ean th\u1ee9c, danh-s\u1eafc sinh kh\u1edfi <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101napaccay\u0101 n\u0101mar\u016bpa\u1e43).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Danh-s\u1eafc <em>(n\u0101mar\u016bpa)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do duy\u00ean th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ebft, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m <em>(danh v\u00e0 <\/em><em>s\u1eafc c\u0169) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng mang theo b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4. Ch\u00ednh t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh, theo n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, khi l\u00e2m t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh 3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 th\u00fa t\u01b0\u1edbng. Th\u00fa t\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi mai h\u1eadu. Th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh <em>(m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129) <\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m. T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111i theo n\u00f3 l\u00e0 7 bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong 6 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf <sup>(1)<\/sup>.Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec n\u00f3 quy t\u1ee5 th\u00eam c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">* C\u00f3 4 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>No\u00e3n sanh: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb tr\u1ee9ng &#8211; th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1 v\u00e0o tr\u1ee9ng.<ul><li>Thai sanh: Th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1 v\u00e0o thai b\u00e0o.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1ea5p sanh: Th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh n\u01b0\u01a1ng g\u00e1 v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 \u1ea9m th\u1ea5p, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, \u00f4 u\u1ebf, r\u00e1c r\u01b0\u1edfi.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>H\u00f3a sanh: \u0110\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n x\u00e1c k\u1ebb tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh <em>(nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh l\u00eca danh s\u1eafc c\u0169, n\u00f3 t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00fac v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p sanh s\u1eafc <sup>(2)<\/sup> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u1ee5 thai <em>(kalala) <\/em>kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. S\u1eafc th\u1ee5 thai n\u00e0y nh\u1ecf x\u00edu, m\u1eaft th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho tinh cha v\u00e0 huy\u1ebft m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1i ph\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh, s\u1edf h\u1eefu t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p sanh s\u1eafc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 danh, s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, n\u00f3 mang trong t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, danh, s\u1eafc l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duy\u00ean danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp sanh kh\u1edfi <em>(n\u0101mar\u016bpa paccay\u0101 sal\u0101yatana\u1e43)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> 7 bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf: x\u00fac, t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m, m\u1ea1ng c\u0103n. 6 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf: T\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> S\u1eafc do nghi\u1ec7p sanh \u2013 s\u1eafc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi tinh tr\u00f9ng v\u00e0 no\u00e3n ch\u00e2u g\u1eb7p nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> Ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n, c\u00f2n t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1eeb l\u00fac k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>5-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp <em>(sal\u0101yatana)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do duy\u00ean danh s\u1eafc m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi s\u1eafc th\u1ee5 thai k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh cha, huy\u1ebft m\u1eb9 <em>(s\u1eafc do v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c sanh) <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ee5c c\u0103n <sup>(3)<\/sup>. Do v\u1eady, ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean g\u00ec khi ki\u1ebfp ch\u00f3t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u1ea3 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: L\u00fac m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u thai, l\u00fac \u1edf trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 l\u00fac sinh ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c c\u0103n th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c c\u0103n l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n. L\u1ee5c c\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb s\u00e1u c\u1eeda n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m. C\u1ea7n l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf nh\u01b0 <a><\/a>x\u00fac <em>(giao ti\u1ebfp), <\/em>t\u00e1c \u00fd <em>(h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng), <\/em>th\u1ecd <em>(c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c), <\/em>t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(tri gi\u00e1c), <\/em>t\u01b0 <em>(\u00fd ch\u00ed, c\u1ed1 \u00fd) <\/em>v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi sau l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duy\u00ean l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac sanh kh\u1edfi <em>(sal\u0101yatanapaccay\u0101 phassa\u1e43).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>X\u00fac <em>(phassa)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do duy\u00ean l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp m\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00fac l\u00e0 giao ti\u1ebfp, va \u0111\u1ee5ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi s\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 n\u00ean c\u00f3 6 x\u00fac: nh\u00e3n x\u00fac, nh\u0129 x\u00fac, t\u1ef7 x\u00fac, thi\u1ec7t x\u00fac, th\u00e2n x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m s\u1edf, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong 7 bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Do v\u1eady, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 x\u00fac, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp, va \u0111\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u00fac. Nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft ho\u1eb7c khi ta nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc m\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng <em>&#8220;\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m&#8221; <\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. Mu\u1ed1n x\u00fac tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u00fac t\u00e2m s\u1edf th\u00ec x\u00fac \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1c \u00fd \u1edf b\u00ean sau: C\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1ee9c th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 x\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u01a1n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf: T\u00e1c \u00fd, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0&#8230; Ho\u1eb7c <em>(th\u1ee9c) <\/em>danh s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u00fac t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 <a><\/a>s\u1eb5n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Duy\u00ean x\u00fac, th\u1ecd sinh kh\u1edfi <em>(phassapaccay\u0101 vedana\u1e43).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Th\u1ecd <em>(vedan\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do duy\u00ean x\u00fac m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 6 th\u1ecd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: Th\u1ecd do nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n th\u1ecd. Th\u1ecd do nh\u0129 x\u00fac sinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u0129 th\u1ecd. Th\u1ecd do t\u1ef7 x\u00fac sinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef7 th\u1ecd. Th\u1ecd do thi\u1ec7t x\u00fac sinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t th\u1ecd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: \u0110\u01b0a tay s\u1edd n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1 ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1nh. S\u1edd l\u00e0 x\u00fac, l\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, khi n\u00f3i 3 th\u1ecd \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 <em>(ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n m\u1edbi th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c; c\u00f2n m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u1ecd x\u1ea3). <\/em>Ba th\u1ecd \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u1ef7, \u01b0u v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 <em>(x\u1ea3 l\u00e0 l\u00fac <a><\/a>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 hay \u01b0u ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 ng\u0169 thi\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do duy\u00ean th\u1ecd, \u00e1i sinh kh\u1edfi <em>(vedan\u0101paccay\u0101 ta\u1e47h\u0101).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u00c1i <em>(ta\u1e47h\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do duy\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh \u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1i hay \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u00e8m mu\u1ed1n hay khao kh\u00e1t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng y\u00eau th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n kh\u00e1t l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, c\u00e0ng u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1t th\u00eam. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i kh\u00e1t do \u00e1i n\u00e0y. Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 th\u00ec kh\u00e1t \u0103n, kh\u00e1t u\u1ed1ng, kh\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n khao kh\u00e1t, mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam n\u1eefa, mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; th\u00ec t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i kh\u1ed5, t\u00ecm l\u1ea1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; th\u00ec \u0111i t\u00ecm l\u1ea1c n\u1eefa&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec mong \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9n c\u01a1m, manh \u00e1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb, danh v\u1ecdng nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f2n khao kh\u00e1t t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e0u, sang h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u00e0y, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, kh\u00e1t d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0u c\u00f2n h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ecbnh c\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, b\u00e1 ch\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c v\u1eabn mu\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh th\u1ecbnh c\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u00e1i d\u1ee5c mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh: kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n, th\u1ecfa l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8.1- \u00c1i trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c hay d\u1ee5c \u00e1i <em>(k\u0101mata\u1e47h\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i \u0111i qua m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n, \u00fd m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1eaft kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00e1n xem c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, ph\u1ed1 th\u1ecb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i; ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t xa hoa, h\u00e0o nho\u00e1ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi nam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eef m\u00e0 n\u00f3 th\u00edch kho\u00e1i&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tai kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00e1n nghe nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o, quy\u1ebfn r\u0169, tr\u1ea7m b\u1ed7ng, du d\u01b0\u01a1ng; ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c l\u1eddi ca m\u00f9i m\u1ea9n hoan l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u00e2m thanh gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u0169i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00e1n ng\u1eedi nh\u1eefng m\u00f9i th\u01a1m, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa, c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u01a1ng li\u1ec7u, m\u00f9i c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c \u0103n k\u00edch th\u00edch kh\u1ea9u v\u1ecb, m\u00f9i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u01b0\u1ee1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00e1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ngon, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng th\u00edch kho\u00e1i, c\u00e1c m\u00f3n \u0103n ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch, xa hoa, c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3, \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nan m\u1ed9t \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o n\u00e0o &#8211; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00ed \u0103n \u00f3c kh\u1ec9, l\u01b0\u1ee1i chim s\u1ebb&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00e1n s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, \u00eam \u00e1i t\u1eeb gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec7m, gh\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i, ch\u00e2n \u0111i, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n, v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec7n nghi sinh ho\u1ea1t, c\u1ea3 b\u1ed3n t\u1eafm, ch\u1ed7 \u0111i c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c cho \u00e1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00dd \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p; c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y \u1edf trong t\u00e2m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1eeb ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3nh do \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra. C\u1ea3nh \u1edf trong t\u00e2m c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf c\u1ea3 3 th\u1eddi: Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai. \u00dd n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u00e1n s\u0103n t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac do n\u00f3 nh\u00e0o n\u1eb7n, v\u1ebd v\u1eddi th\u00eam, s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ra!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1u \u00e1i v\u1eeba k\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u00e1u \u00e1i thu\u1ed9c l\u1ee5c c\u0103n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u1eaft, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n m\u1eaft ta trong, xanh, \u0111\u1eb9p <em>(ph\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n), <\/em>v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n m\u1eaft ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f4ng r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, xa h\u01a1n <em>(ph\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n).<\/em><em><\/em><ul><li>Tai, ta th\u01b0\u1eddng mu\u1ed1n tai ta \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, th\u00f9y ch\u00e2u to, d\u00e0y <em>(ph\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n), <\/em>v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n nghe xa h\u01a1n, r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, tinh h\u01a1n <em>(ph\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>M\u0169i, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1eady, m\u0169i ph\u1ea3i th\u1eb3ng, d\u1ecdc d\u1eeba, chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e0y, to ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00fa qu\u00fd <em>(ph\u1ea7n ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n), <\/em>ngo\u00e0i ra l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea7n kinh nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n h\u01a1n <em>(t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng t\u1ef7 gi\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>L\u01b0\u1ee1i d\u00e0i, r\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00fac t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u1edd th\u1ea7n kinh l\u01b0\u1ee1i t\u1ed1t. C\u1ea3 hai ph\u1ea7n: ph\u00f9 tr\u1ea7n c\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc c\u0103n c\u1ee7a l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t sanh m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, da m\u1ecbn v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1ng. Do \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u1edf th\u00e2n n\u00ean ai c\u0169ng y\u00eau th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh; t\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 cho th\u00e2n, x\u1ee9c n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa, \u0103n m\u1eb7c l\u1ee5a l\u00e0 g\u1ea5m v\u00f3c ho\u1eb7c trang \u0111i\u1ec3m cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n. Bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau lo\u1ea1i<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">thu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi nay, t\u1ed1n c\u1ea3 h\u1eb1ng t\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn th\u00e2n, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00e2n, n\u01b0\u1edbc da ph\u1ea3i s\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecbn, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn cho h\u00ecnh v\u00f3c, di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00dd, mu\u1ed1n m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng minh, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb t\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n, l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00fd, v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n n\u1ea3y sinh tham v\u1ecdng thay \u0111\u1ed5i g\u00e8ne di truy\u1ec1n, k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u vinh quang c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh thi\u00ean t\u00e0i, th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng, th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 \u00f3c khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 v\u0129. \u00c1i d\u1ee5c \u1edf \u00fd c\u0103n r\u1ea5t vi t\u1ebf, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u00e1i trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u00f3 12 <em>(l\u1ee5c c\u0103n 6, l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n 6), <\/em>n\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n cho 3 th\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 36 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8.2- \u00c1i trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc hay s\u1eafc \u00e1i <em>(r\u016bpata\u1e47h\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1eafc \u00e1i <em>(r\u016bpata\u1e47h\u0101), <\/em>l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c trong c\u00f5i s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 y\u00eau th\u00edch, ham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd t\u1ebf vi c\u1ee7a tinh th\u1ea7n: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00e1i <em>(bhavata\u1e47h\u0101), <\/em>t\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n mi\u00ean vi\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1eefu \u00e1i \u1edf l\u1ee5c c\u0103n: L\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e3i, xu\u00e2n m\u00e3i, tr\u1ebb m\u00e3i, s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i. \u0110\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng hay ch\u00fac m\u1eebng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi: s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, v\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1eefu \u00e1i \u1edf l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n: Khi \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u00e1i g\u00ec r\u1ed3i th\u00ec mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y m\u00e3i m\u00e3i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n c\u0103n: L\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i, v\u01b0\u1eddn t\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1ee3 con, ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u00e2m thanh, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u0129 c\u0103n: Ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng, ti\u1ebfng h\u00e1t, l\u1eddi ca m\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u00edch&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c khi kh\u00f3c B\u1eb1ng Phi &#8211; l\u00e0 minh ch\u1ee9ng cho lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu \u00e1i n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- \u0110\u1eadp c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh ra t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng X\u1ebfp t\u00e0n y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh h\u01a1i!&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0103n tr\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh 12 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00e1i <em>(bhavata\u1e47h\u0101); <\/em>nh\u00e2n cho 3 th\u1eddi, c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y c\u00f3 36 h\u1eefu \u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8.3- \u00c1i trong c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc hay l\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i <em>(ar\u016bpata\u1e47h\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i <em>(ar\u016bpata\u1e47h\u0101) <\/em>l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t sanh do ch\u00e1n c\u00e1c s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p. H\u1ecd ch\u00e1n lu\u00f4n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n s\u1eafc v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t d\u00f9 th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n s\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c\u00e1c thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd th\u00f4 th\u00e1o n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i x\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i <em>(vibhavata\u1e47h\u0101),<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn. C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng s\u1ee3 m\u1ea5t, s\u1ee3 h\u1ebft, s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft n\u00ean h\u1ed1i h\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, quay cu\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch vi t\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 36 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t; c\u1ea3 108 lo\u1ea1i \u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n, nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng b\u1edfi th\u1ecd. V\u00e0 \u00e1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, cho qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Do duy\u00ean \u00e1i, th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1t sanh <em>(ta\u1e47h\u0101paccay\u0101up\u0101d\u0101na\u1e43).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Th\u1ee7 <em>(up\u0101d\u0101na)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t, c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u00e1i y\u00eau th\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00ec th\u1ee7 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef, \u0111am m\u00ea, ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ee7 c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n: D\u1ee5c th\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 ng\u1eef th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9.1- D\u1ee5c th\u1ee7: <\/strong>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ham mu\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n: s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac <em>(\u0111\u1ecba, h\u1ecfa, phong).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, nam ho\u1eb7c n\u1eef, \u00e1o qu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc, xe h\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ed3 ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, ti\u1ec7n nghi sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sanh s\u1ef1 khao kh\u00e1t, \u01b0a th\u00edch; v\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu ch\u00fang, gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c2m thanh bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 qua gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i nam, n\u1eef, ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea1c, l\u1eddi ca <em>(thanh). <\/em>C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ed9t th\u01a1m, n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1i <em>(h\u01b0\u01a1ng); <\/em>nh\u1eefng k\u00edch th\u00edch, kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ng\u1ecdt, b\u00e9o, n\u1ed3ng, cay ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say <em>(v\u1ecb) <\/em>gi\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ec7m \u00eam \u00e1i, y ph\u1ee5c m\u1ecbn m\u00e0ng, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea1m kh\u00e1c gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t sanh x\u00fac d\u1ee5c <em>(x\u00fac).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu, \u00f4m \u1ea5p, chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1t khao m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n \u1ea5y m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh d\u1ee5c th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9.2- Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7: <\/strong>V\u1edbi ngh\u0129a t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 b\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn, quan ni\u1ec7m, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft, l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f3 ng\u1ed3i chung <em>\u201cm\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i&#8221; <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ki\u1ebfn v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y nh\u00ecn, nghe, ngh\u0129 cho xa, cho s\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 <em>&#8220;ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7&#8221;, <\/em>th\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda xung quanh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00edt ch\u1eb7t, \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ngh\u0129a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, b\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p, kh\u01b0 kh\u01b0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">m\u1ecdi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 phung ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00f4 \u00edch. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/li><li>T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1eb7ng kinh s\u00e1ch, t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0 l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m, qu\u00e0 bi\u1ebfu hi\u1ebfu h\u1ef7, ti\u1ebfp kh\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 t\u00edch s\u1ef1.<\/li><li>T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/li><li>T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, cha m\u1eb9 v\u00ec tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c n\u00ean con c\u00e1i m\u1edbi ra \u0111\u1eddi, v\u1eady nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e2n, hi\u1ebfu, ngh\u0129a, t\u00ecnh g\u00ec g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/li><li>T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y; ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u00f4n l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh. V\u1edbi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e2y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t lu\u1eadn hay \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn.<\/li><li>T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn cho r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi sa-m\u00f4n, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc, ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. A-la-h\u00e1n v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng b\u1ecb t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian; tung b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i cho th\u1ebf gian; ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd; ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. V\u00e0, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng b\u00edt nh\u1eefng c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1, hy v\u1ecdng cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u00f4n n\u01a1i mu\u00f4n thu\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9.3- Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7: <\/strong>Theo ngh\u0129a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh sai l\u1ea1c, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ngu si, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0o th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Pu\u1e47\u1e47a, m\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u00e0 Seniya. Punna s\u1ed1ng theo h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con b\u00f2, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;ng\u01b0u <\/em><em>h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3&#8221;. <\/em>Seniya s\u1ed1ng theo h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a con ch\u00f3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>&#8220;c\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3&#8221;. <\/em>H\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con th\u00fa m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn. C\u0169ng tr\u1ea7n tru\u1ed3ng, \u0111i b\u1eb1ng 2 ch\u00e2n, 2 tay; \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec3u ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3 v\u00e0 b\u00f2. V\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u00fap h\u1ecd t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi; s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac sau khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh sai l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o, tin v\u00e0o, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m, nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ebf t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00ea t\u00edn, nh\u01b0: l\u1ec5 l\u1ea1y, c\u00fang<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ki\u1ebfng \u00f4ng t\u00e1o, g\u1ed1c \u0111a, th\u1ea7n n\u00fai, th\u1ea7n s\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1eeb h\u1ecda nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, l\u1ec5 nghi \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu tu theo b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng tu theo gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7; m\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 th\u1edd t\u1ef1, t\u1ee5ng kinh, th\u1edd cho nhi\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t; l\u00e0m ch\u00f9a to; Ph\u1eadt l\u1edbn, trai \u0111\u00e0n ch\u1ea9n t\u1ebf cho th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tu theo h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 nghi th\u00f4i, v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 <em>(th\u1eadm ch\u00ed, tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t do tu m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 &#8211; theo Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngay ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng, ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh, l\u00fac gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi, kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u0103n b\u1ea3n d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi&#8230; n\u00ean d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111ang gi\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Trong gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: <em>&#8220;V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111em cho \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebb th\u1ebf d\u00f9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t que t\u0103m hay m\u00f4t c\u1ecdng c\u1ecf&#8230;&#8221;. <\/em>V\u00ec gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y, c\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng cho ai, d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t que t\u0103m, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u0129a c\u01a1m th\u1eeba, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea1c c\u1eafc th\u1ebf l\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>9.4- Ng\u00e3 ng\u1eef th\u1ee7 <\/strong><sup>(4)<\/sup><strong>: <\/strong>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3. Tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu \u0111\u1ea7u thai t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ebfp kia. Linh h\u1ed3n hay b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh vi, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, \u00fd ngh\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng <em>&#8220;ch\u1ea5p ta&#8221;, &#8220;ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3&#8221; <\/em>kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi. Khi n\u00f3i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;kh\u1ed5 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n t\u00f4i&#8221;, <\/em>l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n <em>(s\u1eafc).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i <em>&#8220;t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f3i, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1nh, t\u00f4i m\u00e1t&#8221;, <\/em>l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c <em>(th\u1ecd).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i <em>&#8220;t\u00f4i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&#8221;, <\/em>l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(t\u01b0\u1edfng).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i <em>&#8220;t\u00f4i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u00fd, t\u00f4i c\u1ed1 \u00fd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady&#8221;, <\/em>l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed <em>(h\u00e0nh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i <em>&#8220;t\u00f4i nghe ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i suy ngh\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1u kia&#8221; <\/em>l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c <em>(th\u1ee9c).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(4)<\/sup> Ng\u1eef c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn. \u0110\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a: Ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, ng\u00e3 s\u1edf th\u1ee7, ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi <em>&#8220;ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn&#8221; <\/em>mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 danh, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd sinh di\u1ec7t, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng: <em>&#8220;C\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kia, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u1ea5y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh, lu\u00f4n chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, lu\u00f4n di \u0111\u1ed9ng, lu\u00f4n duy\u00ean h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia sinh, t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed5i thay, m\u1edbi m\u1ebb mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi \u1edf th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 s\u1eafc v\u00ec s\u1eafc v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ecd, v\u00ec th\u1ecd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh. Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ch\u00fang v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, duy\u00ean sinh, v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, ng\u00e3 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u00e3, c\u00e1i ta, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i. R\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o n\u00f3 n\u1eefa, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi t\u1eeb khi v\u1eeba sinh ra \u0111\u1ebfn khi nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft xu\u00f4i tay. R\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfp sau n\u1eefa, ki\u1ebfp sau n\u1eefa trong cu\u1ed9c lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sanh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn, v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eafc th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed: th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7. V\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0o s\u1eafc th\u00e2n n\u00e0y n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i s\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta, t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ta. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00fac 5 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00eca <em>(s\u1eafc \u00e1i, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 minh) <\/em>th\u00ec m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, m\u1edbi t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u1ea3o ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, 4 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee7: d\u1ee5c th\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, ng\u00e3 ng\u1eef th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sanh h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu <em>(kammabhava) <\/em>v\u00e0 sanh h\u1eefu <em>(upapattibhava).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Do duy\u00ean th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu sinh kh\u1edfi <em>(up\u0101d\u0101na paccay\u0101 bhavo).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>H\u1eefu <em>(bhava)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 sanh h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10.1- Nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu: <\/strong>N\u1ebfu nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec sanh h\u1eefu l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>t\u1ee9c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1eabn d\u1eaft, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 do t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(cetan\u0101). <\/em>V\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong 29 t\u00e2m sau \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu, \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh t\u00e1i sanh theo c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng trong 3 c\u00f5i, 4 lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong 12 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m.<ul><li>T\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong 8 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong 5 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf trong 4 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>10.2- Sanh h\u1eefu: <\/strong>Sanh h\u1eefu c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u1ee5c h\u1eefu <em>(k\u0101mabhava):<\/em><em> <\/em>Danh s\u1eafc ch\u00fang sanh trong c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, s\u00fac sanh, a-tu-la, ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1eddi).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u1eafc h\u1eefu <em>(r\u016bpabhava): <\/em>L\u00e0 danh s\u1eafc nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean h\u1eefu<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00f4 s\u1eafc h\u1eefu <em>(ar\u016bpabhava): <\/em>L\u00e0 danh u\u1ea9n <em>(t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n) <\/em>c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0, khi n\u00f3i h\u1eefu t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu <em>(sa\u00f1\u00f1\u012bbhava) <\/em><sup>(5)<\/sup> l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 20 c\u00f5i ch\u00fang sanh <em>&#8220;c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8221; <\/em>th\u00f4; ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00f5i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f5i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu <em>(asa\u00f1\u00f1\u012bbhava) <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1eafc v\u00e0 danh ti\u1ec1m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1eefu <em>(sa\u00f1\u00f1\u012bn\u0101sa\u00f1\u00f1\u012bbhava) <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 danh u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i nh\u1ea5t u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu <em>(ekavok\u0101rabhava) <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n <em>(v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu <em>(catuvok\u0101rabhava) <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 danh u\u1ea9n <em>(t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n h\u1eefu <em>(pancavok\u0101rabhava) <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, sanh h\u1eefu l\u00e0 danh s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ecd &#8211; c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng v\u1ecb lai. \u1ede v\u1ecb lai, th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, c\u00f2n nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m <a><\/a>n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu v\u00e0 sanh h\u1eefu cho ki\u1ebfp k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do duy\u00ean h\u1eefu, sanh sanh kh\u1edfi <em>(bhavapaccay\u0101j\u0101ti).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>Sanh <em>(j\u0101ti)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 sanh h\u1eefu. Sanh h\u1eefu t\u1ee9c th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng \u1edf ki\u1ebfp sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 sanh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tam gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tam gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m trong ba c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi. Tam gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m \u1edf trong b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i l\u00e0 no\u00e3n, thai, th\u1ea5p, h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tam gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m trong 3 lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u1edf 11 c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 15 c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(5)<\/sup> Sa\u00f1\u00f1\u012b: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 t\u1ee9 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 \u1edf 4 c\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sanh l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu chi ph\u1ed1i, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Do duy\u00ean sanh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed ph\u00e1t sanh <em>(j\u0101tipaccay\u0101 jar\u0101mara\u1e47a).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>L\u00e3o, t\u1eed <em>( jar\u0101mara\u1e47a)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi c\u00f3 sanh th\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft. M\u00e0 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a sanh. \u0110i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 khi sanh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 danh s\u1eafc sanh. Danh l\u00e0 tam gi\u1edbi qu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m <em>(d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c) <\/em>v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, l\u00e0 do nghi\u1ec7p sanh. Danh s\u1eafc \u1ea5y c\u00f3 sanh th\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u00e0, l\u00e3o &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t-na trong c\u00e1c l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, gi\u00e0 l\u1ee5n&#8230; V\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p, 17 l\u1ea7n l\u00e2u h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t danh ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a danh s\u1eafc \u1ea5y kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng sanh, gi\u00e0 l\u00e3o, t\u1eed c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc th\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sanh th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u01a1i th\u1edf, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb sanh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o, t\u1eed \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00e9o theo s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i m\u1eafc x\u00edch d\u00ednh li\u1ec1n nhau b\u1edfi 12 khoen, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh v\u00f4 th\u1ec9 v\u00f4 chung trong cu\u1ed9c sinh t\u1eed. Ch\u00fang ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 sanh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed. Di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c:<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu. V\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu n\u00ean c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu v\u00e0 sanh h\u1eefu.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu, sanh h\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 th\u1ee9c, danh-s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu <em>(t\u1ee9c v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh) <\/em>l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 cho qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 sanh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">hay th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn, quy tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n-duy\u00ean-qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n v\u00f4 th\u1ec9, v\u00f4 chung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00f2ng th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng <em>\u201ct\u1ef1a\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201ckh\u1edfi\u201d: \u201cT\u1ef1a\u201d <\/em>c\u00e1i n\u00e0y, <em>\u201ckh\u1edfi\u201d <\/em>c\u00e1i kia; <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1a\u201d <\/em>c\u00e1i n\u00e0y th\u00ec <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi\u201d <\/em>c\u00e1i kia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong 12 khoen k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y cho qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c&#8230; c\u1ee9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng t\u1eadn. Ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u00e0nh 3 khoen nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 tam lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lu\u00e2n <em>(kilesava\u1e6d\u1e6da): <\/em>\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nghi\u1ec7p lu\u00e2n <em>(kammava\u1e6d\u1e6da): <\/em>C\u00f3 v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu &#8211; t\u1ee9c nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu, h\u00e0nh.<ul><li>Qu\u1ea3 lu\u00e2n <em>(vip\u0101kavatta): <\/em>V\u00ec c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 sanh h\u1eefu,<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, danh-s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd. V\u00ec c\u00f3 x\u00fac, th\u1ecd&#8230; n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00e1i, <a><\/a>th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 th\u1ebf n\u00f3 cho nh\u00e2n, cho qu\u1ea3 trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn g\u1ed3m ki\u1ebfp qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 <em>(v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh), <\/em>ki\u1ebfp hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i <em>(th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu) <\/em>v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai <em>(sinh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed) <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh v\u00f4 t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang; nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 <em>(vipassan\u0101) <\/em>h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: <em>\u201cAi th\u1ea5y th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p, ai th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai\u201d. <\/em>V\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c <em>(sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c trong th\u1eddi gian <em>(ak\u0101liko) <\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ngay, ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh <em>(ehipassiko) <\/em>b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd <em>(opanayiko); <\/em>v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m n\u00f3 trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh <em>(paccatta\u1e43 veditabbo vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016bhi).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u1edf trong m\u1ed7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, m\u1ed7i h\u01a1i th\u1edf, m\u1ed7i c\u1eed ch\u1ec9, m\u1ed7i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y<a><\/a> <a><\/a>ngay th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec1n ti\u1ec1n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; V\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng khi b\u1ecb h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, nghi, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed l\u00e0m che m\u1edd, l\u00e0m cho dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea5t an th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y ta \u0111ang b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac th\u1ecd<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 do v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt lung tung. V\u00ec th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb tham s\u00e2n si <em>(\u1edf trong h\u00e0nh) <\/em>chi ph\u1ed1i n\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t an, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng theo c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Th\u1ee9c b\u1ea5t an, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc kh\u1edfi sinh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i <em>(t\u00e2m s\u1edf), <\/em>\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u00e2n s\u1eafc. Tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 danh s\u1eafc. Danh s\u1eafc n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n c\u0103n, nh\u0129 c\u0103n, t\u1ef7 c\u0103n, thi\u1ec7t c\u0103n, th\u00e2n c\u0103n v\u00e0 \u00fd c\u0103n. Khi va \u0111\u1ee5ng th\u00ec t\u1ea1o n\u00ean l\u1ee5c x\u00fac. C\u00f3 l\u1ee5c x\u00fac th\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169, ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 15 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n: 7 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 8 thi\u1ec7n d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, th\u00edch th\u00fa <em>(l\u1ea1c) <\/em>v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i <em>(kh\u1ed5) <\/em>khi ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>\u201ct\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u201d <\/em>ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00c1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c <em>(x\u1ea3), <\/em>ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb, ta li\u1ec1n \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p: Nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu v\u00e0 sanh h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c, danh-s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu \u1ea5y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m qua v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- H\u00f4m kia, t\u00f4i \u0111ang thiu thiu ng\u1ee7, b\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0m t\u00f4i cho\u00e0ng m\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c d\u1eady. B\u01b0\u1edbc ra hi\u00ean, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ly tr\u00e0 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con m\u00e8o \u0111en ch\u1ea1y n\u00fap trong kh\u00f3m c\u00e2y. Bi\u1ebft m\u00e8o l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m, t\u00f4i ch\u1ee5p v\u1ed9i c\u00e2y roi r\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111u\u1ed5i n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn l\u00e0m t\u00f4i cho\u00e0ng t\u1ec9nh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c sinh. Th\u1ee9c sinh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1edfi sinh: danh s\u1eafc sinh. Danh s\u1eafc sinh th\u00ec nh\u0129 nh\u1eadp sinh, nh\u00e3n nh\u1eadp sinh &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nghe v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ly tr\u00e0 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1. L\u00fac nh\u0129 nh\u1eadp sinh v\u00e0 nh\u00e3n nh\u1eadp sinh th\u00ec li\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t sanh nh\u00e3n x\u00fac v\u00e0 nh\u0129 x\u00fac. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 x\u00fac li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ecd: C\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn m\u1edbi c\u1ea7m roi r\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u00e8o, t\u1ea1o \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, sau th\u1ecd \u0111i li\u1ec1n theo l\u00e0 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu <em>(C\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1ee5c, h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed3ng di\u1ec5n ra xoay <\/em><em>quanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- T\u00f4i \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i ch\u01a1i b\u00ean hi\u00ean th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t 10 n\u0103m gh\u00e9 th\u0103m (th\u1ee9c sinh). T\u00f4i b\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng (danh s\u1eafc, <a><\/a>l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd sinh), \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, v\u1ed3n v\u00e3 c\u1ea7m tay b\u1ea1n, m\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i, u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 c\u00f9ng h\u00e0n huy\u00ean t\u00e2m s\u1ef1&#8230; (th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu sinh)\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Sinh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed &#8211; s\u1ea7u bi kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u n\u00e3o<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac c\u00f3 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu sinh l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi, nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c h\u1eefu, s\u1eafc h\u1eefu, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc h\u1eefu, r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh, \u0111\u1ea7u thai kh\u1eafp ba c\u00f5i, s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta c\u0169ng t\u00e1i sanh kh\u1eafp c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi ta h\u1eadn th\u00f9 m\u1ed9t ai <em>(th\u1ee9c sinh) <\/em>ta th\u1ea5y m\u1eadt gan nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t <em>(danh s\u1eafc sinh), <\/em>mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh, gi\u1ebft cho h\u1ea3 gi\u1eadn <em>(x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu).<\/em><ul><li>Khi ta y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1edbi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y <em>(th\u1ee9c <\/em><em>sinh) <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghe xao xuy\u1ebfn, tim \u0111\u1eadp b\u1ed3i h\u1ed3i <em>(danh s\u1eafc sinh), <\/em>r\u1ed3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1ea5y <em>(danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb khi th\u1ee9c sinh &#8211; th\u00ec tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n th\u1eddi gian ti\u1ebfp theo, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta <em>(danh s\u1eafc) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, gi\u00e0 l\u1ee5n, tan r\u00e3 <em>(l\u00e3o, t\u1eed) <\/em>\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y <em>(s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"37\" height=\"2\" src=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"9\" height=\"2\" src=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"22\" height=\"2\" src=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"14\" height=\"2\" src=\"\">Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (6)<\/td><td>&nbsp; (c\u0103n b\u1ea3n)<\/td><td>&nbsp; Th\u1ee9c Danh-s\u1eafc L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp X\u00fac Th\u1ecd<\/td><td>&nbsp; &nbsp; \u00c1i<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp; (chi m\u1ea1t)<sup>(7)<\/sup> V\u00f4 minh H\u00e0nh (hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; t\u1ea1i) (h\u1eefu th\u1ee9c)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>V\u00f4 minh<\/td><td>Th\u1ee7<\/td><td>T\u1ee9c<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>H\u00e0nh<\/td><td>H\u1eefu<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>(qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9)<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>(v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c)<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td><td>Nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>(chi m\u1ea1t) V\u00f4 minh H\u00e0nh (hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i) (h\u1eefu th\u1ee9c)<\/td><td>&nbsp; \u00c1i Th\u1ee7 H\u1eefu<\/td><td>&nbsp; Sinh, L\u00e3o t\u1eed<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>S\u1ea7u Bi Kh\u1ed5 \u01afu N\u00e3o<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>&nbsp;<\/td><td>Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"15\" height=\"2\" src=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"292\" height=\"2\" src=\"\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"237\" height=\"2\" src=\"\"><sup>(6)<\/sup> C\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh g\u1ed1c, v\u00f4 minh chi ph\u1ed1i ch\u00fang sanh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp trong d\u00f2ng nghi\u1ec7p <em>(n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 &#8211; v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh\u2026)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(7)<\/sup> Chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh: T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e0nh, nh\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh. Trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, l\u00fac ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fac ta b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh n\u00e0y chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ta h\u00e3y xem s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u1ea5y theo chi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 theo chi\u1ec1u th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III-\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- V\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, l\u00fac ta s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh chi ph\u1ed1i. L\u00fac ta an nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng; \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, tham s\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Th\u1ee9c, danh-s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh th\u00ec th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean trong s\u00e1ng, thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ec1u an \u1ed5n, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, b\u00ecnh an <em>(danh-s\u1eafc), <\/em>l\u1ee5c x\u00fac, l\u1ee5c th\u1ecd theo \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng an \u1ed5n, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, b\u00ecnh h\u00f2a <em>(l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec an \u1ed5n, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, b\u00ecnh h\u00f2a n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft m\u1ea5t. V\u1ea3 ch\u0103ng, th\u1ee9c danh-s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t qu\u1ea3 theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n mang qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a 23 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc <em>(15 thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m + 8 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c). <\/em>Do v\u1eady, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u00fac th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh th\u00ec x\u00fac l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 x\u00fac v\u00e0 th\u1ecd l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(paramattha). <\/em>C\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1edfi sinh \u1edf th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, t\u1ea1o ra kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3, h\u1ef7, \u01b0u \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00c1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu, di\u1ec7t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng <em>(paramattha) <\/em>th\u00ec \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh, ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti) <\/em>n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u00e1i kh\u1edfi <em>(tham, s\u00e2n), <\/em>nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi; ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ghi nh\u1eadn <em>(tham \u00e0! s\u00e2n \u00e0!&#8230;) <\/em>th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u00e1i c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau khi \u00e1i kh\u1edfi, c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 <em>(d\u1ee5c th\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7) <\/em>\u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u1edfi theo, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi ghi nh\u1eadn&#8230; <em>(\u0111am m\u00ea \u00e0, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 \u00e0&#8230;) <\/em>th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y, th\u1ee7 c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p cetan\u0101 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi r\u1ed3i; ho\u1eb7c th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p, \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi r\u1ed3i; nh\u01b0ng ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc, ta c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c ghi nh\u1eadn, qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m ch\u00fang <em>(c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u00e0, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd \u00e0&#8230;) <\/em>th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y h\u1eefu c\u0169ng di\u1ec7t <em>(giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y x\u1ea3y ra r\u1ea5t nhanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi sinh t\u1eed n\u00e0y t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u1edf t\u00e2m <em>(th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p) <\/em>&#8211; nh\u01b0 trong kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9: tham bi\u1ebft tham, s\u00e2n bi\u1ebft s\u00e2n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ta b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia m\u1eafng ch\u1eedi, nh\u1ee5c m\u1ea1 trong l\u00fac ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7); <\/em>nh\u1edd v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tai ta kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu <em>(kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd) <\/em>nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m ta v\u1eabn v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, an nhi\u00ean, b\u00ecnh h\u00f2a <em>(\u00e1i, tham, s\u00e2n di\u1ec7t). <\/em>\u00c1i di\u1ec7t th\u00ec ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 di\u1ec7t <em>(th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t) <\/em>v\u00e0 ta kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p qua th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd <em>(h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp; Sinh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed &#8211; s\u1ea7u bi kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu \u1ea5y. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ch\u1ecbu ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd t\u1eeb sinh \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o t\u1eed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>s\u1ea7u bi kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u n\u00e3o do \u00e1i th\u1ee7 h\u1eefu t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o n\u00ean. Ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m <em>(\u00e1i) <\/em>n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p <em>(th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu) <\/em>n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00eam t\u1eed sinh tr\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng, m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi cho th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh <em>(paramattha-dhamma).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, khi ta b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh chi ph\u1ed1i th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd <em>(c\u0103n, <\/em><em>tr\u1ea7n, th\u1ee9c) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh kh\u1edfi. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gian, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi <em>(c\u0103n-tr\u1ea7n-th\u1ee9c) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, an \u1ed5n, thanh b\u00ecnh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadn l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf; do v\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean theo chi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ecbch, chi\u1ec1u di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf; do v\u1eady n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u1ea3ng T\u00f3m T\u1eaft Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u00f4 minh <em>(avijj\u0101): <\/em>T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh <em>(th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng).<\/em><ul><li>H\u00e0nh <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra): <\/em>T\u00e2m v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c kh\u1edfi trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 theo duy\u00ean c\u0103n-tr\u1ea7n-th\u1ee9c. N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; Th\u1ee9c <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a): <\/em>T\u00e2m sinh kh\u1edfi trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t <em>(k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3) <\/em>c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i sanh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ki\u1ebft sinh th\u1ee9c, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li><li>Danh s\u1eafc <em>(n\u0101ma-r\u016bpa): <\/em>Th\u1ee9c v\u1eeba m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi sinh <em>(danh) <\/em>li\u1ec1n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 sinh l\u00fd <em>(s\u1eafc) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n <em>(sinh l\u00ed, s\u1eafc) <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u00e2m <em>(t\u00e2m l\u00ed, danh). <\/em>N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i sinh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh thai nhi: Tinh tr\u00f9ng + no\u00e3n ch\u00e2u <em>(s\u1eafc) <\/em>+ ki\u1ebft sinh th\u1ee9c <em>(danh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp <em>(sal\u0101yatana): <\/em>K\u1ebft h\u1ee3p danh-s\u1eafc hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng 6 c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c 6 tr\u1ea7n. N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i sinh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh 6 gi\u00e1c quan c\u1ee7a thai nhi khi sinh ra \u0111\u1eddi.<\/li><li>X\u00fac <em>(phassa): <\/em>T\u00f9y \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sanh nh\u00e3n x\u00fac, nh\u0129 x\u00fac, t\u1ef7 x\u00fac, thi\u1ec7t x\u00fac, th\u00e2n x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd x\u00fac.<\/li><li>Th\u1ecd <em>(vedan\u0101): <\/em>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5-\u01b0u, l\u1ea1c-h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 x\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ecd ki\u00eam nhi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c tri gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00c1i <em>(ta\u1e47h\u0101): <\/em>Phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i <em>(s\u00e2n) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sinh v\u1edbi th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5. H\u1eefu \u00e1i<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(tham<\/em>) ph\u00e1t sinh v\u1edbi th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c. D\u1ee5c \u00e1i <em>(si) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sinh v\u1edbi th\u1ecd x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ee7 <em>(up\u0101d\u0101na): <\/em>\u00c1i n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7. Th\u1ee7 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c th\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tri ki\u1ebfn, ng\u00e3 th\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 n\u1ebfu \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, l\u1ec5 nghi, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m.<\/li><li>H\u1eefu <em>(bhava): <\/em>\u00c1i t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh <em>(th\u1ee7), <\/em>s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p <em>(h\u1eefu) <\/em>thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng; h\u1eefu l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh <em>(bhava<\/em>) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00f3 3 h\u1eefu: D\u1ee5c h\u1eefu <em>(nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c), <\/em>s\u1eafc h\u1eefu <em>(nghi\u1ec7p <\/em><em>t\u1ea1o c\u00f5i s\u1eafc), <\/em>v\u00f4 s\u1eafc h\u1eefu <em>(nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o 4 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n).<\/em><\/li><li>Sinh <em>(j\u0101ti): <\/em>L\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, do nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu \u0111ang t\u1ea1o trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: Th\u1ee9c <em>(k\u1ebft sinh), <\/em>danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd <em>(ph\u00e1t sinh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai). <\/em>N\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch theo hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i sinh th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh trong ki\u1ebfp v\u1ecb lai.<\/li><li>L\u00e3o t\u1eed <em>(jar\u0101mara\u1e47a): <\/em>M\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: Sinh <em>(up\u0101da) <\/em>&#8211; tr\u1ee5 <em>(\u1e6dhi\u1e6di) <\/em>&#8211; di\u1ec7t <em>(bha\u1e45ga). <\/em>Trong 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, 3<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sinh-l\u00e3o-t\u1eed, n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 sinh t\u1eed. Sinh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebft sinh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m kh\u1edfi sinh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi sinh m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng. T\u1eed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1eed t\u00e2m <em>(cuti) <\/em>ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>T\u1ee8 DI\u1ec6U \u0110\u1ebe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Catt\u0101ra-ariya-sacca)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf <\/strong>hay T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf <em>(catt\u0101ra<strong>&#8211;<\/strong>ariya-sacca) <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef sacca c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ariya l\u00e0 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cao c\u1ea3, vi di\u1ec7u. Do v\u1eady, ariyasacca l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd cao c\u1ea3, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian chi ph\u1ed1i, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t tu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 trong \u0111\u00eam th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft kinh Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n <em>(Dhammacakkappavattanasutta) <\/em>\u1edf V\u01b0\u1eddn Nai \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 cho n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Ko\u1e47\u1e0da\u00f1\u00f1a, Vappa, Bhaddiya, Mah\u0101n\u0101ma v\u00e0 Assaji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 sau<em>:<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o m\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 <sup>(1)<\/sup>v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 qua 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh 12 lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 <sup>(2)<\/sup> m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, th\u00ec ch\u1eebng \u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. Nay th\u00ec tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf, Nh\u01b0 Lai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, vua ch\u00faa, sa m\u00f4n, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Tu\u1ec7 tri &#8211; tri nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp, di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ea1o. M\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ebf c\u00f3 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n cho 4 th\u00e0nh 12 Tu\u1ec7, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u1ed5: Tu\u1ec7 tri: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y, kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y.<\/li><li>T\u1eadp: Tu\u1ec7 di\u1ec7t: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t.<\/li><li>Di\u1ec7t: Tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9ng: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ea1o: Tu\u1ec7 h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, th\u00e0nh A-la-h\u00e1n hay th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ai th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00e3 v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n ly tho\u00e1t t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<ul><li>Ai th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ai th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00f2n b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, si m\u00ea chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1eefa.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t d\u00f2ng b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u sinh t\u1eed.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng cho t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng Ni, nam n\u1eef c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00f4ng h\u1ec7 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00e0o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Xem nh\u1eb9, xem th\u01b0\u1eddng T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf sau c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u1ecf g\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y ng\u1ecdn, rong ch\u01a1i tr\u00ean c\u00e2y c\u00e0nh, hoa l\u00e1. Ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tinh y\u1ebfu. Xem ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u01a1 h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1ecb th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng Ph\u1eadt, h\u1ee7y b\u00e1ng Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ly nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ngay n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n sinh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf <em>(dukkha sacca): <\/em>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u1ed5.<\/li><li>T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf <em>(dukkha samudaya sacca): <\/em>S\u1ef1 th\u00e2t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5. 3- Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf <em>(dukkha nirodha sacca): <\/em>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>4- \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf <em>(dukkha nirodhamagga <\/em><em>sacca): <\/em>S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A- Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf <em>(Dukkha-sacca)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh Rohitassa, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- N\u01a1i x\u00e1c th\u00e2n d\u00e0i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tri gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng <sup>(3)<\/sup>, Nh\u01b0 Lai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gian, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u1ebf gian!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Danh t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gian, t\u1ee9c loka, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5, Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> Ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n: s\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ea7u ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u1eabn l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ea5t di b\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0n sau. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c khai sinh ra ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn, kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y r\u1ed3i \u0111em ra gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf <em>(dukkha sacca). <\/em>Dukkha l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch ra b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecbch dukkha l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 hay phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Tuy th\u1ebf, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 hay phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, v\u00e0i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a dukkha m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 dukkha, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1m hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au nh\u1ee9c, suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, t\u1eed vong l\u00e0 dukkha.<\/li><li>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, gh\u00e9t, u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n, ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, h\u1eadn th\u00f9 <em>(h\u1ef7, <\/em><em>n\u1ed9, \u00e1i, \u1ed1) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 dukkha.<\/li><li>V\u1edbi ngh\u0129a tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, kh\u00f3 kham nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 dukkha <em>(du l\u00e0 kh\u00f3, kha l\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng). <\/em>C\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng khinh mi\u1ec7t <em>(du) <\/em>v\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng <em>(kha) <\/em>l\u00e0 dukkha. C\u00e1i g\u00ec nh\u01b0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh, kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 dukkha.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t: V\u00ec th\u1ebf gian v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(anicca), <\/em>v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 <em>(anatta) <\/em>n\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y l\u00e0 dukkha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong kinh Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! Sanh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 dukkha. L\u00e3o l\u00e0 suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, gi\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, l\u00e0 dukkha. B\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n, \u0111au \u1ed1m l\u00e0 dukkha. T\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0 dukkha. U\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 dukkha. Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00eca xa l\u00e0 dukkha. Gh\u00e9t m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng \u1edf l\u00e0 dukkha. Mu\u1ed1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng to\u1ea1i l\u00f2ng, l\u00e0 dukkha. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, th\u1ee7 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 dukkha\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n tr\u00ean, ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 8 lo\u1ea1i dukkha sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sanh l\u00e0 dukkha<\/li><li>L\u00e3o l\u00e0 dukkha<\/li><li>B\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 dukkha<\/li><li>T\u1eed l\u00e0 dukkha<\/li><li>\u00c1i bi\u1ec7t ly l\u00e0 dukkha<\/li><li>O\u00e1n t\u0103ng h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 dukkha<\/li><li>C\u1ea7u b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc l\u00e0 dukkha<\/li><li>Th\u1ee7 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 dukkha<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e1m dukkha n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 c\u00f3. T\u00e1m dukkha n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 do th\u1ee7 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. V\u1eady, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>S\u1eafc <em>(r\u016bpa): <\/em>S\u1eafc th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 c\u0103n c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3 7 s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng (s\u1ebd xem k\u1ef9 h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u00e0i Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n).<\/li><li>Th\u1ecd <em>(vedan\u0101): <\/em>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c. Khi c\u0103n, tr\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi nhau th\u00ec ph\u00e1t sanh nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. Th\u00e2n c\u00f3 3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd <em>(kh\u1ed5, <\/em><em>l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3) <\/em>v\u00e0 \u00fd c\u00f3 3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd <em>(h\u1ef7, \u01b0u, x\u1ea3).<\/em><\/li><li>T\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101): <\/em>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tri gi\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, hay x\u00fac.<\/li><li>H\u00e0nh <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra): <\/em>G\u1ed3m chung 50 t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y x\u1ea9y ra c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd, c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ee9c <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a): <\/em>L\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 89 t\u00e2m <em>(theo Abhidhamma). <\/em>Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u01b0u <a><\/a>gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111i t\u00ecm c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh <em>(ki\u1ebft sanh th\u1ee9c).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y ho\u1eb7c danh, s\u1eafc n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ho\u1eb7c danh <a><\/a>s\u1eafc th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n r\u00f5 t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 dukkha, ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 3 lo\u1ea1i dukkha c\u0103n b\u1ea3n: Kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5, h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>Kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5 <em>(dukkha-dukkha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t sanh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. Tuy nhi\u00ean, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, ta ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay. Kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sanh khi th\u00e2n-t\u00e2m-sinh-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. B\u1eadc th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n hay k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu chung kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay n\u00e0y.<ul><li>M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 hai &#8211; kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 do ta ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebb ra, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 quan, s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 5) <\/em><sup>(4)<\/sup>.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- Kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t sanh khi l\u1ee5c c\u0103n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(4)<\/sup> Ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 xem l\u1ea1i <em>\u201c5<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em><em> <\/em><em>lu\u1eadt<\/em><em> <\/em><em>c\u1ee7a<\/em><em> <\/em><em>v\u0169<\/em><em> <\/em><em>tr\u0169\u201d<\/em><em> <\/em>trong b\u00e0i <em>\u201cNh\u00e2n<\/em><em> <\/em><em>qu\u1ea3<\/em><em> <\/em><em>nghi\u1ec7p<\/em><em> <\/em><em>b\u00e1o\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc ch\u00f3i chang, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, \u0111au m\u1eaft, nh\u1ee9c m\u1eaft th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd x\u1ea3, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c <em>(th\u1ea7n kinh) <\/em>th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5.<\/li><li>Khi tai nghe \u00e2m thanh ch\u00e1t ch\u00faa, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, l\u00f9ng b\u00f9ng, \u0111au nh\u1ee9c th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5<\/li><li>Khi m\u0169i ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu do th\u1ed1i, h\u00f4i, kh\u1eb3m, n\u1ed3ng n\u1eb7c, &#8230; <a><\/a>th\u00ec t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5.<\/li><li>Khi l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb cay, \u0111\u1eafng, ch\u00e1t&#8230; kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu th\u00ec thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5.<\/li><li>Khi th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m bu\u1ed1t, \u0111au, nh\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu th\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5.<\/li><li>Khi \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p <em>(ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m) <\/em>m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sanh \u00e2u s\u1ea7u, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n th\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd \u01b0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n th\u1ecd x\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5; c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ecd \u01b0u <em>(\u01b0u l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 t\u00e2m). <\/em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn <em>(ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m) <\/em>c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay; l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi <em>\u201ckh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u2019; <\/em>\u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng <em>(paramattha).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- Kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 quan \u0111\u00e3 qua s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, do m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ee7 quan m\u00e0 tr\u00f9m l\u00ean, ch\u1ed3ng l\u00ean c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay, kh\u00e1ch quan \u1edf tr\u00ean. Ta h\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 b\u1edfi t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi qua th\u00e2n, qua t\u00e2m; ta th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh), <\/em>thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t <em>(tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7) <\/em>n\u00ean ta b\u1ecb ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, do s\u00e2n, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean. T\u00e2m s\u00e2n \u1ea5y, ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, mu\u1ed1n tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau, mu\u1ed1n ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y.<\/li><li>V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 quan <em>(do s\u00e2n &#8211; phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i) <\/em>l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ed3ng th\u00eam c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec kh\u1ed5 ch\u1ed3ng th\u00eam kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do t\u00e2m s\u00e2n <em>(phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i) <\/em>mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd <em>(thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay) <\/em>m\u00e0 sinh ra kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5 <em>(ch\u1ee7 quan). <\/em>Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 do \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u1ebb ra ch\u1ee9 n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><a><\/a><strong><em>II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>Ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 <em>(Viparin\u0101ma-dukkha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd. C\u0169ng do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf m\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5. Ta s\u1ebd quan s\u00e1t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, khoan kho\u00e1i, m\u1ebfn th\u00edch th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c th\u00ec th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c.<ul><li>Khi tai nghe \u00e2m thanh d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, khoan kho\u00e1i, m\u1ebfn th\u00edch th\u00ec nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c <sup>(5)<\/sup>.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi m\u0169i ng\u1eedi m\u00f9i d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, khoan kho\u00e1i, m\u1ebfn th\u00edch th\u00ec t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, khoan kho\u00e1i, m\u1ebfn th\u00edch th\u00ec thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c <a><\/a>th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, \u00eam \u00e1i, khoan kho\u00e1i, m\u1ebfn th\u00edch th\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh khoan kho\u00e1i, m\u1ebfn th\u00edch th\u00ec \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd h\u1ef7.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd x\u1ea3, ri\u00eang th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c; c\u00f2n \u00fd th\u1ee9c th\u00ec th\u1ecd h\u1ef7 <em>(h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1c).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ghi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd; l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi <em>\u201cl\u1ea1c th\u1ecd \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 <\/em><em>l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u201d. <\/em>\u0110\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng <em>(paramattha).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n d\u1ec5 m\u1ebfn, d\u1ec5 \u01b0a, kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7 ph\u00e1t sanh; th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay ban \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5y <em>(l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd). <\/em>Ch\u00ednh do tham \u0111\u1eafm, m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p kh\u1edfi sanh t\u00e2m l\u00fd mu\u1ed1n g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, \u00f4m \u1ea5p, mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u00e3i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ef1 tham mu\u1ed1n sai l\u1ea7m <em>(tham &#8211; h\u1eefu \u00e1i), <\/em>sai v\u1edbi qui lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta h\u00e3y xem s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: 2.1- L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t: Khi ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u01b0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u00edch, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e1ng y\u00eau <em>(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd), <\/em>th\u00ec ta h\u01b0\u1edfng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ham h\u1ed1, \u0111am m\u00ea, say \u0111\u1eafm \u0111i k\u00e8m theo v\u1edbi t\u00e2m ph\u00f3ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(5)<\/sup> Trong ng\u0169 quan m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n khi giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac ph\u00e1t sanh kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd &#8211; th\u00ec kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u do th\u00e2n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c <em>(b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh) <\/em>c\u00f2n c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng <em>(th\u1ecd x\u1ea3).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d\u1eadt, m\u00ea m\u1edd, m\u00ea si, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n s\u1ee3 b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i vu\u1ed9t, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 <em>\u201cc\u1ee7a ta\u201d <\/em>n\u1eefa, s\u1ee3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, s\u1ee3 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. B\u1ea5t an v\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean khi l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. V\u00ec thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi <em>\u201cxem l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d; <\/em>ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111au qua t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng lo l\u1eafng, b\u1ea5t an c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.2- L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t: Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7&#8230; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf v\u1edbi ta n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd mang c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ee5t h\u1eabng, nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc, s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y th\u00ec tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kinh qua v\u00e0 chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. <em>&#8220;Cu\u1ed9c r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng v\u01a1i? Ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng t\u00e0n?&#8221;; <\/em>th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi qui lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y. Ch\u00ednh do m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd; kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.3- L\u1ea1c th\u1ecd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u: C\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p, ni\u1ec1m vui, m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n&#8230; gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u1edf v\u1edbi ta m\u00e3i th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i. L\u00e2u ng\u00e0y g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n th\u00ec vui, th\u00ec qu\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n \u1ea5y c\u1ee9 \u1edf m\u00e3i b\u00ean ta, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111i th\u00ec c\u00f2n vui, c\u00f2n qu\u00ed n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e1 hoa r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 n\u1edf m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u00e0n th\u00ec sao nh\u1ec9? Do v\u1eady, khi l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, v\u00ec t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 quan sai l\u1ea7m, do m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p, tham \u0111\u1eafm, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5. C\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng <a><\/a>ch\u00ednh do ta \u0111\u1ebb ra, n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tham <em>(h\u1eefu \u00e1i) <\/em>bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay th\u00e0nh ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m tham lam mu\u1ed1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd th\u00ec ph\u00e1t sanh ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>H\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra-dukkha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf trong c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn <em>(ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m) <\/em>\u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd. \u1ede trong x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft; ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t l\u00fac l\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n, tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00f4 v\u1ecb. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, do t\u00e2m l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u1ea3; ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n n\u00f3, kh\u1ecfa l\u1ea5p n\u00f3, gi\u1ebft th\u00ec gi\u1edd trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c vui, cu\u1ed9c ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u1edbi, \u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd quan s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; X\u1ea3 th\u1ecd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 hai n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u1ef1c \u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u00fat v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c l\u00e0m ta \u01b0a th\u00edch th\u00ec ta mu\u1ed1n \u00f4m n\u00edu, chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef, th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n h\u00fat v\u00e0o. H\u00fat v\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u00e2m, l\u00e0 tham <em>(h\u1eefu \u00e1i).<\/em><ul><li>Khi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7 l\u00e0m cho ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch, ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i n\u00f3, ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn n\u00f3; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea9y n\u00f3 ra. \u0110\u1ea9y ra l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c d\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 s\u00e2n <em>(phi <\/em><em>h\u1eefu \u00e1i).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00fac \u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho ta th\u00edch <em>(l\u1ea1c) <\/em>hay <a><\/a>kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch <em>(kh\u1ed5), <\/em>t\u1ea1o cho t\u00e2m ta kh\u1edfi sanh n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c h\u00fat (tham) hay \u0111\u1ea9y <em>(s\u00e2n); <\/em>th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 &#8211; x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd \u1ea5y th\u00e0nh n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; H\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u1ea3 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng vui, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n; t\u00e2m ta l\u00fac \u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o. Th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecnh, khi \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y, ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, ta t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfa l\u1ea5p s\u1ef1 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110i d\u1ea1o ph\u1ed1 ch\u01a1i.<ul><li>T\u00ecm m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i u\u1ed1ng c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, nghe nh\u1ea1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00ecm th\u00fa vui ch\u00e9n r\u01b0\u1ee3u, canh b\u1ea1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110i mua s\u1eafm.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00ecm m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn, d\u1ecdn d\u1eb9p nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, qu\u00e9t s\u00e2n&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch, tham thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1edd, t\u00ecm b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a, d\u1ea1o c\u1ea3nh, ng\u1eafm hoa, vi\u1ebft truy\u1ec7n, l\u00e0m th\u01a1, v\u1ebd tranh&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed \u1ea5y thi\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao nh\u00e3 th\u00ec t\u00ecm th\u00fa vui, thanh cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi th\u00ec t\u00ecm th\u00fa vui h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t. T\u00f9y theo t\u00e2m m\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u1ea3nh. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean mu\u1ed1n l\u0103ng x\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u00fa vui tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ra ngo\u00e0i s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m l\u00fd l\u0103ng x\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho ta dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea5t an; c\u1ee9 khao kh\u00e1t mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n m\u1edbi n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean n\u1ed7i kh\u1ed5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 <em>(sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra dukkha). <\/em>H\u00e0nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c do \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n. Do kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 <em>(si) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u1ea3 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c &#8211; x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00ean si m\u00ea k\u00e9o ta \u0111i, l\u0103ng x\u0103ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y chi ph\u1ed1i, thao T\u1ee9ng, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1eady, do si chi ph\u1ed1i n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd th\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ba lo\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5: kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ed1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 3 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1eeb 3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng tham <em>(h\u1eefu \u00e1i), <\/em>s\u00e2n <em>(phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i) <\/em>v\u00e0 si <em>(d\u1ee5c \u00e1i).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, bi\u1ebft, hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed5, x\u1ea3 l\u00e0 3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c <sup>(6)<\/sup> ph\u00e1t sanh theo duy\u00ean c\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang v\u1ed1n b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd; th\u00ec 3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(tham, s\u00e2n, si) <\/em>s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebb ra 3 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 <em>(Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>r\u1ed3i nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm ch\u00fang ta trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y si\u1ebft c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u <a><\/a>sinh t\u1eed, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>B- T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf <em>(Dukkha-samudaya-sacca).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 kh\u1ed5 sanh, kh\u1ed5 gi\u00e0&#8230; <em>(trong 8 kh\u1ed5), <\/em>cho \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5, kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n chung nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebb ra, c\u00e1i sinh ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u1ea5y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. V\u1eady, v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y xem th\u1eed v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>V\u00f4 minh <em>(avijj\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed si m\u00ea, kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c, qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n. V\u00ec c\u00e1i l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c&#8230; m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n che l\u1ea5p, che m\u1edd t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu v\u00f4 minh c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3, l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, th\u00ec nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi 3 d\u1ea1ng ch\u00ednh sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, d\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3i c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n l\u1eabn t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(6)<\/sup> <em>\u201cTh\u1ef1c\u201d<\/em><em> <\/em>\u2013 nh\u01b0 ch\u01a1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(paramattha) <\/em>&#8211; l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u00e2m sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m: Th\u1edd \u01a1, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1m, \u0111\u00e3ng tr\u00ed, bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00f4 k\u00fd, <em>(kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eadn)&#8230; <\/em>chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf.<\/li><li>Th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean: L\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb, bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, m\u00ea ng\u1ee7&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u1ed3m tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed: Ngh\u0129a \u0111en, tr\u1ea1o l\u00e0 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u1ea5t l\u00ean, nh\u00fac nh\u00edch. V\u1eady tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n qu\u00e1, suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ea9n v\u01a1, ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, cu\u1ed1n theo hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li><li>H\u1ed1i qu\u00e1: Nu\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc d\u0129 v\u00e3ng, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0103n n\u0103n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 qua.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u00ecm d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ecdng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ng\u1ee7 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li><li>Tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ph\u00f3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, l\u00e0 ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, tr\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1ed3ng b\u1ec1nh, lang thang tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Nghi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, do d\u1ef1, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft, ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i, ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c, h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng&#8230; <sup>(7)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh 3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u1ea7y che m\u1edd, chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ta \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, c\u1ea3 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sanh l\u0103ng x\u0103ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c sinh ra t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7n gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00eam Th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o, khi ch\u1ee9ng tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c th\u1ee9 3 l\u00e0 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e9n m\u1edf m\u00e0n v\u00f4 minh n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra c\u0103n nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 dukkha. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00eam cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong 7 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau khi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 minh s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(7)<\/sup> Nghi: Nghi trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nghi trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng nhau nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nghi trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nghi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, nghi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00ecnh ho\u1eb7c kh\u1edfi nghi lung tung n\u00ean t\u00e2m b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng an tr\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li><li>Nghi trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec n\u1ed9i dung r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ef1u trung, nghi nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c tin s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea5t h\u1eb3n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nghi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i nghi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tr\u00ed l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tin theo nh\u1eefng g\u00ec&#8230; nh\u01b0 b\u00e0i kinh Kal\u0101ma th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n: \u0110\u1ea1i nghi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9. Hai lo\u1ea1i nghi sau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nghi trong b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf. Ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5: <em>\u201cTu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t sanh\u201d. <\/em>H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng; n\u00f3 <a><\/a>g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 50 t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(theo Abhidhamma), <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00e1i, th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u1eefu (<em>Xem th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00c1i d\u1ee5c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1i d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi chung c\u1ea3 tham, s\u00e2n, si hay h\u1eefu \u00e1i, phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1ee5c \u00e1i <em>(tham-h\u1eefu \u00e1i; s\u00e2n-phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i; si-d\u1ee5c \u00e1i).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n sai l\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi qui lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, thi\u1ebfu t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c; do b\u1ecb v\u00f4 minh chi ph\u1ed1i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p qua th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd; b\u1eadp b\u1ec1nh, tr\u00f4i l\u0103n m\u00e3i gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh t\u1eed kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u00ec tham <em>(h\u1eefu \u00e1i), <\/em>s\u00e2n <em>(phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i)<\/em>, si <em>(d\u1ee5c \u00e1i)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u00e0 3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebb ra 3 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed5, ho\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5. Ta h\u00e3y xem nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n sai l\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y: <strong>1- Tham &#8211; h\u1eefu \u00e1i <em>(bhavata\u1e47h\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tham mu\u1ed1n, tham \u0111\u1eafm, \u01b0a th\u00edch, y\u00eau th\u00edch; mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu, mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 \u00fd, kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n sai l\u1ea7m. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c nhi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, t\u00e2m gi\u1edbi hay ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi; ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn hay \u0111i, sinh hay di\u1ec7t&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo lu\u1eadt t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, t\u00e2m l\u00fd ch\u1ee7 quan l\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u00eam quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e1 hoa \u0111\u1eb9p, ta th\u00edch, ta mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u00e3i \u0111o\u00e1 hoa \u1ea5y. V\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m, v\u00ec \u0111o\u00e1 hoa kia r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd t\u00e0n.<ul><li>Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u thu, s\u1eafc tr\u1eddi, s\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f3i s\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1n m\u1ee5c&#8230; Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u00e3i c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc \u1ea5y v\u00ec ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00eam s\u1ebd v\u1ec1.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i thanh xu\u00e2n, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, v\u1ee3 hi\u1ec1n, con th\u1ea3o, m\u00f3n \u0103n ngon, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u1ea5m \u00eam&#8230; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, s\u1ebd \u1edf m\u00e3i v\u1edbi ta do l\u00f2ng y\u00eau th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef \u1ea5y s\u00e1i v\u1edbi qui lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 gi\u1eefa t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, n\u00ean tham \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>S\u00e2n &#8211; phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i <em>(vibhavata\u1e47h\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, o\u00e1n h\u1eadn, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u00fd v\u1edbi ta. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang ch\u0103ng, hay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m l\u00fd sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00e1i n\u00f3ng ch\u00e1y da, c\u00e1i l\u1ea1nh bu\u1ed1t x\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u01a1n l\u0169 t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i, c\u01a1n b\u00e3o qu\u00e1 qu\u1eaft&#8230; m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn, \u0111i, sinh di\u1ec7t theo \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1eddi.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 gh\u00e9t, kh\u00f3 \u01b0a, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1ebf gian, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf xung quanh ta!<\/li><li>M\u1ed9t ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u1ed9t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng&#8230; d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tr\u00e1i \u00fd, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ta. D\u00f9 c\u00f3 gh\u00e9t b\u1ecf, ch\u1ed1i t\u1eeb&#8230; th\u00ec \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t to\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y?<\/li><li>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chung quanh ta, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m, c\u1ea3nh, quan ni\u1ec7m, t\u00ednh t\u00ecnh s\u1edf th\u00edch&#8230; l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ef1 xung \u0111\u1ed9t, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7&#8230; nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng theo \u00fd ta, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 sao? V\u1eady th\u00ec \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng ph\u00e1, ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf, tri\u1ec7t ti\u00eau nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea5t nghich \u00fd l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Si &#8211; d\u1ee5c \u00e1i <em>(k\u0101mata\u1e47h\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m m\u00ea m\u1edd, \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n; th\u01b0\u1eddng hay ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, nghi ho\u1eb7c, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, hoang t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8230; kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec, thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng g\u00ec nh\u01b0 x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft v\u1eadt v\u1edd gi\u1eefa d\u00f2ng s\u1ed1ng, t\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, t\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 kia; c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng cu\u1ed1n h\u00fat \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u. \u0102n, ng\u1ee7, th\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u00fat d\u00ednh v\u00e0o, l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a tham; kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y b\u1eadt ra, l\u1ed9 r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n, th\u00ec khi ch\u01b0a h\u00fat, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea9y, tham s\u00e2n ch\u01b0a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb si chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi t\u00e2m \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng vui, kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c&#8230; th\u00ec si l\u1ea1i k\u00e9o \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd hay kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng lu\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i v\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, ph\u00e1p; m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb d\u1ee5c \u00e1i (si m\u00ea), ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n c\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, mong h\u1ef7 th\u1ecd, l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd \u1ea5y k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n&#8230; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb h\u1eefu \u00e1i (tham), ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng c\u00e1c s\u1eafc, mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00eca c\u00e1c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n&#8230; th\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i (s\u00e2n ), ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u c\u1ee7a <a><\/a>b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; nh\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a tham, s\u00e2n, si vi t\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cho hay, tu s\u0129, c\u01b0 s\u0129, d\u1ea7u l\u00e0 tu h\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u1eafm k\u1ebb tu h\u00e0nh do tham, s\u00e2n, si; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai tu h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>C- Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf <em>(Dukkha-nirodha-sacca)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. Theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u00ec khi v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t th\u00ec h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t&#8230; l\u00e3o t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/li><li>Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>th\u00ec \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n. T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3. Di\u1ec7t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp c\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u00c1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i t\u1ef1 lui, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1eaft l\u00e0nh th\u00ec hoa \u0111\u1ed1m h\u1ebft, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t hoa \u0111\u1ed1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u1ebf, khi c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang <em>(ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c <em>(c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5) <\/em>s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, ch\u1ee9 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 chi ph\u1ed1i v\u00e0 b\u00f3p m\u00e9o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m sinh v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, n\u00f3 nh\u1ea5n ch\u00ecm c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0m \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00fang sanh trong 3 c\u00f5i, 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, tham, s\u00e2n si, v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p. Khi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t th\u00ec \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c <em>(Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n; tr\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 s\u1edf vinh quang n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1i b\u1eaby c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Di\u1ec7t<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0110\u1ebf)<\/em><em> <\/em>nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, v\u1ecdng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 si\u00eau tuy\u1ec7t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, ng\u1eef ng\u00f4n; \u1edf ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c <em>(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a pa\u00f1\u00f1atti).<\/em><\/li><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <sup>(8)<\/sup>.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd <em>(c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 x\u1ea3 th\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u1ef1c).<\/em><\/li><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a ai <em>(v\u00f4 <\/em><em>ng\u00e3), <\/em>v\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p d\u00f9 h\u1eefu vi hay v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ecbnh <em>(s\u1ea1ch) <\/em>v\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng d\u01a1; n\u00f3 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i s\u1ea1ch, d\u01a1, ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh. H\u1ec5 x\u00e1c l\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft- b\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, xem ch\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u1ecdng th\u1ee9c, d\u1ec5 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng. N\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3, s\u00f3ng l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 <em>(n\u01b0\u1edbc) <\/em>n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, thanh t\u1ecbnh; ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>(s\u00f3ng) <\/em>n\u00ean nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4, ch\u00ecm n\u1ed5i. Tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng thanh t\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y! \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i <em>\u201cb\u1eaby cao si\u00eau\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eady!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><strong>D- \u0110\u1ea1o<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>\u0110\u1ebf<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><em>(Dukkha-nirodhamagga-sacca)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp theo B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu t\u1eadp theo B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o. Ta h\u00e3y xem 37 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u0169 C\u0103n: T\u00edn, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7.<\/li><li>Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c: T\u00edn L\u1ef1c, t\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c, ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c.<\/li><li>T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n: 4 t\u1ea5n.<\/li><li>T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9: 4 ni\u1ec7m.<\/li><li>T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac: D\u1ee5c, t\u1ea5n, t\u00e2m, tu\u1ec7.<\/li><li>Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi: Ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1ea3.<\/li><li>B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o: Ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 duy, ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf 37 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y g\u1ed3m c\u00f3: 9 t\u1ea5n, 8 ni\u1ec7m, 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh, 2 t\u00edn, 1 t\u01b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">duy, 1 h\u1ef7, 1 an, 1 x\u1ea3, 1 ng\u1eef, 1 nghi\u1ec7p, 1 m\u1ea1ng, 1 d\u1ee5c, 1 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00eam n\u1eefa th\u00ec 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u1edf trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy thu\u1ed9c tr\u00ed <em>(tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n): <\/em>Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 5 tu\u1ec7 <em>(tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c tu\u1ec7) <\/em>v\u00e0 01 t\u01b0 duy.<\/li><li>Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n <em>(gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n): <\/em>Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 01 ng\u1eef, 01 nghi\u1ec7p, 01 m\u1ea1ng.<\/li><li>Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n): <\/em>Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 9 t\u1ea5n, 8 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 4 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 mang ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3. V\u00ec khi tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 <a><\/a>c\u00f3 t\u00edn; v\u00e0 trong t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c, t\u00e2m, h\u1ef7, an, x\u1ea3. V\u00e0, r\u00fat g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f2n gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7. Tu t\u1eadp gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp 37 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I- Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Tu T\u1eadp:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu. N\u00f3i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch tu, tu theo m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c s\u1eb5n c\u00f3. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch, c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i qui \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n. C\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, qui \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ed1. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i to\u00e1n t\u00e2m linh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng sai l\u1ea7m. Tu theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn theo nh\u00e2n, qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tu d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n (ti\u1ec7m tu) m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f2n nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, c\u00f2n th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 sinh t\u1eed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, ch\u01b0 Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i; \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i \u0111i, l\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i \u0111i, l\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 khai m\u1edf tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng khai m\u1edf tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3. Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh <sup>(9)<\/sup>. Th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng paramattha. Th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng paramattha m\u00e0 ta v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, t\u00ecm ra ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti) <\/em>r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 paramattha th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1, bi\u1ebfn m\u00ea th\u00e0nh ng\u1ed9, bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y l\u1ea7m th\u00e0nh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang, t\u1eeb m\u1eaft b\u1ec7nh ra m\u1eaft l\u00e0nh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp theo gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(nh\u00e2n). <\/em>Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c <em>(qu\u1ea3) <\/em>s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t. Khi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>v\u00e0 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c <em>(Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>di\u1ec7t th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n <em>(Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9. V\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y <a><\/a>\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf. V\u00e0 nh\u00e2n <em>(\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 <em>(Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>l\u00fac \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh qu\u1ea3, n\u00ean B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ch\u1ee9ng Ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi t\u00ean, c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3 <em>(\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3). <\/em>Khi c\u00f2n n\u00f3i tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(9)<\/sup> S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ngh\u0129a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn theo c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u x\u01b0a nay. Th\u1eadt ra, samm\u0101 di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u1eeb samm\u0101. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang, th\u1ea5y ch\u01a1n, th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1nh, th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, th\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3, th\u1ea5y vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, th\u1ea5y tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c n\u1eefa <em>(th\u1ea5y &#8211; thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tu\u1ec7 <\/em><em>gi\u00e1c &#8211; xem r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n trong b\u00e0i B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; Gi\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n <em>(ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>\u0110\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m <em>(t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Tu\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c tr\u00ed <em>(ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 duy)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tu gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi ta ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p th\u00ec d\u1eabu c\u00f3 tu gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1- Khi th\u00e2n tu gi\u1edbi: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn 3 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh &#8211; th\u00ec ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y t\u1eeb t\u1eeb s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Khi n\u00f3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u1edf trong nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. C\u00f2n nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 c\u00f2n sinh t\u1eed; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f2n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 sanh y. Do v\u1eady ta ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u h\u1eefu l\u1eadu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.2- Khi t\u00e2m tu \u0111\u1ecbnh: Khi ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, l\u00e1nh \u00e1c (t\u1ea5n), c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00eca xa t\u1ea1p ni\u1ec7m, gi\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8211; th\u00ec t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. T\u1eeb t\u1eeb, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn trong nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tu gi\u1edbi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y c\u00f2n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 sanh y, ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ea3 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.3- Khi tr\u00ed tu tu\u1ec7: Ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00eca xa t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00eca xa s\u00e2n t\u01b0 duy, h\u1ea1i t\u01b0 duy, d\u1ee5c t\u01b0 duy &#8211; th\u00ec t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy \u1ea5y c\u00f2n h\u1eefu l\u1eadu v\u00e0 sanh y, ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o, sa-m\u00f4n n\u00e0o, T\u0103ng Ni, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00e0o <a><\/a>ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 tu th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; Tu gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p. V\u1eady ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p g\u00ec? V\u00e0 tu th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: <em>\u201cAi th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai, ai th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y c\u00f3 5 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko: Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, th\u1ea5y ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. L\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/li><li>Ak\u0101liko: L\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 chi ph\u1ed1i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ehipassiko: \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, quay \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 b\u1ebfn.<ul><li>Opan\u0101yiko: L\u00e0 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Paccatam veditabbo vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016bhi : L\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng, t\u1ef1 ng\u1ed9.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, ph\u1ea3i \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, \u1edf ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n). <\/em>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u1edf trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m-sinh-v\u1eadt-l\u00fd n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng; \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh; tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy. Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: Tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o. V\u00ec:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u00e1c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u00f3m gi\u1edbi.<ul><li>Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u00f3m tu\u1ec7.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00fat g\u1ecdn h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c v\u00ec trong ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p <em>(T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9), <\/em>qu\u00e1n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean&#8230; Tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 danh-s\u1eafc, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u00e1 tan \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ta, r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u1ecf l\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng tam t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn. Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tam t\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p, m\u1edbi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 3 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00f4n 3 \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf khi \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf. V\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 khi Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf, T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, tu t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf <em>(nh\u00e2n) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf <em>(qu\u1ea3) <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1eef, c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh. Trong c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf, do v\u1eady, l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u th\u1ecb, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00ea v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(paramattha), <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb tr\u00f4i l\u0103n b\u1edfi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c (kh\u1ed5, t\u1eadp) c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0i sinh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; t\u1eed&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; kh\u1ed5&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><a><\/a><a><\/a>M\u01af\u1edcI BA-LA-M\u1eacT<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Dasa-p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I-&nbsp; D\u1eabn \u0110\u1ec1.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0101ram\u012b <em>(ba-la-m\u1eadt) <\/em>hay p\u0101ram\u012bta <em>(ba-la-m\u1eadt-\u0111a) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd b\u00ean kia\u201d, \u201cqua b\u00ean kia b\u1edd\u201d, <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1edd m\u00ea \u0111i sang b\u1edd gi\u00e1c. Trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh xa x\u0103m, m\u1ecbt m\u00f9 sinh t\u1eed, mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c <em>(Samm\u0101sambuddha), <\/em>\u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c <em>(Paccekabuddha) <\/em>hay Thanh V\u0103n Gi\u00e1c <em>(Savakabuddha) <\/em>th\u00ec ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng con thuy\u1ec1n ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u1ea7y. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian <em>\u201cb\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb\u201d <\/em>hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f5 h\u01a1n, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n 30 ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1eadc trung, b\u1eadc h\u1ea1. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c hai v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1eed th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n 20 ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc trung. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 Thanh V\u0103n, ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n 10 ba- la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101dhika-bodhisatta: B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian 20 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 <em>(asankheyya) <\/em>v\u00e0 100.000 ki\u1ebfp <sup>(1)<\/sup> m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, 7 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m, 9 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi; 4 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100.000 ki\u1ebfp hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/li><li>Saddh\u0101dhika-bodhisatta: B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian 40 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100.000 ki\u1ebfp m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, 14 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m, 8 a- t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi, 8 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100.000 ki\u1ebfp hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/li><li>Viriy\u0101dhika-bodhisatta: B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tinh t\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian 80 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100.000 ki\u1ebfp m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00e1c. Trong \u0111\u00f3, 28 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m, 36 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi, 16 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100.000 ki\u1ebfp hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00ec trong 5 c\u0103n, l\u1ef1c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 <em>\u201ctu\u1ec7\u201d <\/em>m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00ec trong 5 c\u0103n, l\u1ef1c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 <em>\u201ct\u00edn\u201d <\/em>m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tinh t\u1ea5n v\u00ec trong 5 c\u0103n, l\u1ef1c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 <em>\u201ct\u1ea5n\u201d <\/em>m\u1ea1nh nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, c\u1ea3 3 h\u1ea1ng b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u tu t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i th\u1ecd k\u00fd, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 <em>\u201cch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c\u201d <\/em>l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101 Gotama &#8211; c\u0103n c\u01a1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 &#8211; th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt D\u012bpa\u1e45kara <em>(Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng) <\/em>th\u1ecd k\u00fd thu\u1edf ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Sumedha. Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian 4 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100.000 ki\u1ebfp tu t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt \u2013 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t nguy\u00ean trong t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt D\u012bpa\u1e45kara <em>(Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng), <\/em>tr\u1ea3i qua 24 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Sumedha m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u1ee9 25<sup>(2)<\/sup>. V\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Yasodhar\u0101, thu\u1edf \u1ea5y l\u00e0 n\u00e0ng Sumitta 16 tu\u1ed5i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft ngh\u0129a phu th\u00ea, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee7y chung, son s\u1eaft v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Sumedha, c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng nhau tu t\u1eadp ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac V\u00f4 Sanh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(d\u0101na p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(s\u012bla p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Xu\u1ea5t gia ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(nekkhamma p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Tinh t\u1ea5n ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(viriya p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>6- Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(khanti p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>7- Ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(sacca p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(adhitth\u0101na p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>T\u00e2m t\u1eeb ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(mett\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>T\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(upekkha p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> Ph\u1eadt D\u012bpa\u1e45kara, Ph\u1eadt Ko\u1e47\u1e0da\u00f1\u00f1a, Ph\u1eadt Ma\u1e45gala, Ph\u1eadt Sumana, Ph\u1eadt Revata, Ph\u1eadt Sobhita, Ph\u1eadt Anumodass\u012b, Ph\u1eadt Paduma, Ph\u1eadt N\u0101rada, Ph\u1eadt Padumuttara, Ph\u1eadt Sumedha, Ph\u1eadt Suj\u0101ta, Ph\u1eadt Piyadass\u012b, Ph\u1eadt Atthadass\u012b, Ph\u1eadt Dhammadass\u012b, Ph\u1eadt Siddhattha, Ph\u1eadt Tissa, Ph\u1eadt Phussa, Ph\u1eadt Vipass\u012b, Ph\u1eadt Sikh\u012b, Ph\u1eadt Vessabh\u016b, Ph\u1eadt Kakusandha, Ph\u1eadt Ko\u1e47\u0101gamana, Ph\u1eadt Kassapa. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u1ee9 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m, c\u00f3 danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Saky\u0101 Gotama!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><a><\/a>II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ec1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(d\u0101na p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u0101na \u2013 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, ngh\u0129a chung chung, ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 cho \u0111i, cho \u0111i \u00e1o c\u01a1m, b\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00e2m bi m\u1eabn. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, m\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i \u0111o\u00e0n, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u giai c\u1ea5p trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a c\u1eed cao \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u0101na p\u0101ram\u012b <em>(b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt) <\/em>n\u00f3 qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u0101nap\u0101ram\u012b <em>(b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc h\u1ea1)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>D\u0101na upap\u0101ram\u012b <em>(b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc trung)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>D\u0101na paramatthap\u0101ram\u012b <em>(b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng) <\/em><em>(Xem th\u00eam b\u00e0i T\u1ee9 Nhi\u1ebfp Ph\u00e1p)<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1; ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 2 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1eed ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 1 v\u00e0 2; ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ea3 3 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh trong <em>&#8220;Cariy\u0101-pitaka&#8221; <\/em>c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.1- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c <em>(Anna-d\u0101na): \u201cAnna\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u01a1m, v\u1eadt<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed7i khi b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t d\u00e2ng ho\u1eb7c t\u1eb7ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c cho ai, ng\u00e0i \u01b0\u1edbc mong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac: S\u1ed1ng l\u00e2u, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p, an vui, kho\u1ebb m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.2- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng <em>(Jala-d\u0101na): \u201cJala\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ban cho th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: Th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng n\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng gi\u1ea3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0m suy gi\u1ea3m l\u00f2ng kh\u00e1t khao nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.3- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1ea3i, y ph\u1ee5c <em>(Vattha-d\u0101na): \u201cVattha\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea3i, y ph\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ban t\u1eb7ng v\u1ea3i v\u00f3c, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o cho ai, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ea7u mong cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.4- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n <em>(Y\u0101na-d\u0101na): \u201cY\u0101na\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xe c\u1ed9, c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u0111i l\u1ea1i cho ai, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd trau gi\u1ed3i, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.5- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed hoa, tr\u00e0ng hoa, d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m, v\u1eadt th\u01a1m <em>(M\u0101l\u0101-vilepana- <\/em><em>d\u0101na): \u201cM\u0101l\u0101\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00e0ng hoa, chu\u1ed7i hoa, hoa k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i. <em>\u201cVilepana\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xoa d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m, x\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u th\u01a1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ban t\u1eb7ng d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 hoa, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng danh th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.6- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i <em>(\u0100sana-d\u0101na): \u201c\u0100sana\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">gh\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00fap cho ai ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i, ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.7- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed gi\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m <em>(Seyy\u0101-d\u0101na): \u201cSeyy\u0101\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00fap cho ai c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m, ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7u mong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 n\u1eb1m nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ecda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.8- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1ed7 \u1edf <em>(V\u0101sa-d\u0101na): \u201cV\u0101sa\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00fap cho ai ch\u1ed7 \u1edf (ph\u00f2ng, \u1ed1c, li\u00eau. x\u00e1) ng\u00e0i mong ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a cho c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.9- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u00e8n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng <em>(Pad\u012bpa-d\u0101na): \u201cPad\u012bpa\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u00e8n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00fap cho ai \u0111\u00e8n, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, ng\u00e0i ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o 5 lo\u1ea1i: nh\u1ee5c nh\u00e3n, tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e3n, thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n, Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e3n v\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.10- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed s\u1eafc <em>(R\u016bpa-d\u0101na): \u201cR\u016bpa\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed <em>&#8220;s\u1eafc&#8221; <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00ed c\u1ee5, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u trang ho\u00e0ng qu\u00fd gi\u00e1 v\u00e0 xinh \u0111\u1eb9p <em>(nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdc, v\u00e0ng&#8230; trang \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01a1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i, ch\u00f9a, th\u00e1p) <\/em>b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ch\u00fa nguy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn l\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 h\u00e0o quang nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.11- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed thanh, \u00e2m thanh <em>(Sadda-d\u0101na): \u201cSadda\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ti\u1ebfng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed <em>&#8220;thanh&#8221; <\/em>v\u00ed nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eddn, k\u00e8n, ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i, nh\u1eefng \u00e2m thanh cao nh\u00e3 &#8211; th\u00ec ng\u00e0i c\u1ea7u mong c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ecdng n\u00f3i tr\u1ea7m \u1ea5m, thanh tao, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e1m tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.12- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(Gandha-d\u0101na): \u201cGandha\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u00f9i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">h\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u01a1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed <em>\u201ch\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d (nhang tr\u1ea7m) <\/em>cho ai, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng mong ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd l\u00e3nh s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m c\u1ee7a gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c <em>(s\u012bla).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.13- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1ecb <em>(Rasa-d\u0101na): \u201cRasa\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1ecb, ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed <em>&#8220;v\u1ecb&#8221;<\/em>, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5, m\u1ef9 v\u1ecb &#8211; b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t mong r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng, vui v\u1ebb v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.14- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed x\u00fac <em>(Patthabba-d\u0101na): \u201cPatthabba\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01a1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, ch\u1ed7 t\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed <em>&#8220;x\u00fac&#8221; <\/em>\u2013 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u00eam \u00e1i \u2013 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t mong c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 tinh h\u1ea3o nh\u01b0 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.15- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed thu\u1ed1c men <em>(Bhesajja-d\u0101na): \u201cBhesajja\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 thu\u1ed1c men <em>(n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eda, d\u1ea7u, m\u1eadt ong&#8230; xem nh\u01b0 thu\u1ed1c) <\/em>cho ai, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ea7u ch\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.16- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00f4i t\u1edb <em>(D\u0101s\u0101nambhijjissa-d\u0101na): \u201cD\u0101s\u0101nambhijjissa\u201d <\/em>ch\u1ec9 chung t\u00f4i t\u1edb, k\u1ebb l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u, k\u1ebb h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed t\u00f4i t\u1edb, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng, k\u1ebb h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.17- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed vui t\u01b0\u01a1i <em>(Anavajjakhiddh\u0101vatihetud\u0101na): \u201cAnavajjakhiddh\u0101vatihetu\u201d?<\/em><em> <\/em>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7, nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, vui t\u01b0\u01a1i, thanh tao cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi; ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n cho ch\u00fang sanh ph\u00e1t l\u00f2ng hoan h\u1ef7 khi nghe ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.18- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed con trai <em>(Putta-d\u0101na): \u201cPutta\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 con trai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed con trai cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin, ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec con c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p ng\u00e0i <em>(nh\u01b0 hai tr\u1ebb trong t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1ea5t ngh\u1ecbch \u00fd).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.19- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1ee3 <em>(D\u0101ra-d\u0101na): \u201cD\u0101ra\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 v\u1ee3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1ee3, ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eafc ph\u00e1p V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3-\u0110\u1ec1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.20- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ng\u00f4i vua <em>(R\u0101ja-d\u0101na): \u201cR\u0101ja\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c vua, ng\u00f4i vua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed ng\u00f4i vua, ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb Ph\u00e1p V\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.21- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed tay <em>(Hattha-d\u0101na): \u201cHattha\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 tay, c\u00e1nh tay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed tay, c\u00e1nh tay cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin, ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n cho tay ng\u00e0i n\u1eafm c\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.22- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1eaft <em>(Cakkhu-d\u0101na): \u201cCakkhu\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u1eaft cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin, ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.23- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u1ecbt v\u00e0 m\u00e1u <em>(Ma\u1e43sa-lohita-d\u0101na): \u201cMa\u1e43sa\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u1ecbt; <em>\u201clohita\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 m\u00e1u. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed m\u00e1u, th\u1ecbt cho ch\u00fang sanh, ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1.24- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u <em>(Uttama\u1e45ga-d\u0101na): \u201cUttama\u1e45ga\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin, ng\u00e0i nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u01b0u \u00fd: L\u1eafm l\u00fac b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, tuy nhi\u00ean, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cho m\u00ecnh, c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f9ng l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i minh h\u1ecda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Trong ki\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m th\u00e1i t\u1eed Vessantara, l\u00fac l\u00ean 8 tu\u1ed5i ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi xin tr\u00e1i tim, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a sanh m\u1ea1ng, th\u00ec ta m\u1ed5 ng\u1ef1c l\u1ea5y tim \u0111em b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u1eb3ng do d\u1ef1, ng\u1eadp ng\u1eebng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd h\u1ecfi xin m\u1eaft th\u00ec ta d\u00f9ng dao b\u00e9n r\u1ecdc l\u1ea5y m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n tay m\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi xin th\u1ecbt, ta s\u1ebd c\u1eaft th\u1ecbt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng hoan h\u1ef7.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1edbn l\u00ean, t\u00e2m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed c\u00e0ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i khi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n <em>\u201cb\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1ea5t ngh\u1ecbch \u00fd\u201d, <\/em>ai xin g\u00ec cho n\u1ea5y! Ngo\u00e0i t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, v\u00e0ng ng\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con, ng\u00e0i cho \u0111i h\u1ebft, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i con Voi Th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 linh h\u1ed3n s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng cho lu\u00f4n. V\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ea1i ngh\u1ecbch b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d <\/em>n\u00e0y n\u00ean vua cha ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e0y ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1ee3 con l\u00ean n\u00fai s\u00e2u Hy M\u00e3 su\u1ed1t 12 n\u0103m. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, th\u00e1i t\u1eed b\u1ed1 th\u00ed lu\u00f4n hai tr\u1ebb. T\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, vua cha kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, vua tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i, gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn xin v\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u2013 vi\u00ean ng\u1ecdc b\u00e1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc h\u1ea1 <em>(D\u0101nap\u0101ram\u012b).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">J\u0101taka c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u00e2m bi v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, hi\u1ebfn sanh m\u1ea1ng cho 6 m\u1eb9 con h\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ki\u1ebfp \u1ea5y, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mah\u0101 Sattva, con \u0111\u1ee9c vua Mah\u0101ratth\u0101, s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t kinh th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p, hoa l\u1ec7. H\u00f4m \u1ea5y, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mah\u0101 Sattva c\u00f9ng hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh trai l\u00e0 Mah\u0101 Deva v\u00e0 Mah\u0101 Prash\u0101da d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i trong r\u1eebng. Vui ch\u00e2n, h\u1ecd l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e1 cao nh\u00ecn phong c\u1ea3nh xung quanh. B\u1ea5t ch\u1ee3t, trong t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mah\u0101 Sattva tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con c\u1ecdp c\u00e1i v\u00e0 n\u0103m c\u1ecdp con \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi v\u1ef1c c\u1ea1n. C\u1ea3 m\u1eb9 l\u1eabn con ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111ang n\u1eb1m thoi th\u00f3p. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y t\u1eeb khi sinh con, c\u1ecdp m\u1eb9 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c \u0103n n\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ea7y c\u1ecdp con bu theo m\u1eb9, nh\u01b0ng v\u00fa m\u1eb9 c\u1ea1n kh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec. C\u1ecdp m\u1eb9 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i l\u1eafm, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang s\u1eafp s\u1eeda \u0103n th\u1ecbt con.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>C\u1ea3 hai ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mah\u0101 Deva v\u00e0 Mah\u0101 Prash\u0101da l\u1edbn th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i, h\u1ecd b\u1ecf \u0111i. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Mah\u0101 Sattva<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>l\u00e0 em \u00fat, x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh, c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd b\u1ecf \u0111i, sau \u0111\u00f3 quay l\u1ea1i. Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u1edfi m\u0169 mi\u1ec7n, ho\u00e0ng b\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ed3 trang s\u1ee9c treo l\u00ean c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y, r\u1ed3i nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng v\u1ef1c, ch\u1ed7 h\u1ed5 m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 5 con \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u 6 sanh m\u1ea1ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ea3 sanh m\u1ea1ng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ho\u1eb7c ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1eadc h\u1ea1, b\u1eadc trung,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ba-la-m\u1eadt, ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n m\u1edbi sang b\u1edd kia, m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1o b\u1ec9 ng\u1ea1n, m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khen ng\u1ee3i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, x\u1ea3 ly trong c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 177:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c &#8211; L\u00e0m sao b\u1ee7n x\u1ec9n sanh thi\u00ean?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Khen<\/em><em> <\/em><em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, k\u1ebb \u0111i\u00ean, mong g\u00ec! Tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, x\u1ea3 ly.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>H\u1ef7 hoan l\u1ea1c b\u00e1o, c\u00f3 chi ph\u1ea3i ng\u1edd!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Na ve kadariy\u0101 devaloka\u1e43 vajanti b\u0101l\u0101 have nappasa\u1e43santi <\/em><em>d\u0101na\u1e43, dh\u012bro ca d\u0101na\u1e43 anumodam\u0101no ten\u2019eva so hoti sukh\u012b parattha).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(s\u012bla p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u012bla <em>(gi\u1edbi) <\/em>r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c trong vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, trong m\u1ecdi l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1- C\u0101ritta-s\u012bla: <\/strong>L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m, n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u1ed1t c\u00e1ch, ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch cao qu\u00fd trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Con c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<ul><li>H\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ch\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ta v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Gia ch\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn v\u1edbi k\u1ebb \u0103n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01b0 x\u1eed ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e9p, nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(C\u00f3 minh gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y trong kinh Gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd Thi-ca-la-vi\u1ec7t &#8211; Sig\u0101lov\u0101da Sutta &#8211; trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2- V\u0101ritta-s\u012bla: <\/strong>L\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m. Ph\u1ea3i gh\u00e9p m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, k\u1ef9 c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 xa l\u00eca t\u1eadt h\u01b0, th\u00f3i x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, gian t\u00e0 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi trong s\u00e1ng, l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh, cao \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.1- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t b\u1ee5ng, ch\u01a1n ch\u1ea5t, th\u1eadt th\u00e0; c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u t\u00e0, gian \u00e1c, l\u01b0u manh, qu\u1ef7 quy\u1ec7t. Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi; b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u \u00e1c c\u0169ng do b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp m\u00e0 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta 4 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100.000 ki\u1ebfp tu t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt cho n\u00ean thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 c\u00e2y xanh m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n ph\u01a1i ph\u1edbi. Do v\u1eady, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 ng\u0103n gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u00e1c. V\u00e0, ng\u0103n gi\u1eef, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u00e1c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do kinh nghi\u1ec7m tu t\u1eadp tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp n\u00ean sau n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong n\u0103m gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tri\u1ec3n khai r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa m\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (dasa- akusala-dhamma): s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, n\u00f3i th\u00eau d\u1ec7t, n\u00f3i \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, tham, s\u00e2n, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t, thi\u1ec7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec m\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1ecf \u1ed1c. Trong cu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n sinh t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp. H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i, h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0n ch\u01b0\u1edbng duy\u00ean th\u1eed th\u00e1ch, ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1eady ph\u00e1 \u2013 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi ba-la-m\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi cho trong s\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i hy sinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, ru\u1ed9ng v\u01b0\u1eddn, c\u1ea3 v\u1ee3 con v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ngai v\u00e0ng, qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 &#8211; \u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc h\u1ea1 <em>(s\u012bla p\u0101ram\u012b<\/em>).<ul><li>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi cho trong s\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 hy sinh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u1ee9 chi ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 &#8211; \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc trung <em>(s\u012bla- upap\u0101ram\u012b).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi cho trong s\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i hy sinh kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc sanh m\u1ea1ng \u2013 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi ba-la-m\u1eadt b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>(s\u012bla-para matthap\u0101ram\u012b).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2.2- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ecd c\u00f3 4 lo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Bi\u1ec7t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t gi\u1edbi <em>(p\u0101timokkhasa\u1e43varas\u012bla).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P\u0101timokkha: C\u00e1i g\u00ec gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi kh\u1ecfi sa v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 th\u00fa, \u00e1c th\u00fa. Sa\u1e43vara: H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1. V\u1eady, p\u0101timokkhasa\u1e43varas\u012bla l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec ta kh\u1ecfi sa v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 th\u00fa, \u00e1c x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u0103n gi\u1edbi <em>(indriyasa\u1e43varas\u012bla).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indriya: C\u0103n &#8211; l\u1ee5c c\u0103n. Sa\u1e43vara: H\u1ed9 tr\u00ec, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cl\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac gi\u1edbi\u201d <\/em>&#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c, thu th\u00fac l\u1ee5c c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef cho th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi <em>(\u0101j\u012bvap\u0101risuddhis\u012bla).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap cho ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kheo nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, kh\u1ecfi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y, t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng, b\u1ea5t ch\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ee9 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi <em>(paccayasannissitas\u012bla).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed1n m\u00f3n v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3- kheo ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 <em>(c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh <em>(kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0m <em>\u201cc\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ecba\u201d <\/em>cho \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t sanh &#8211; n\u00ean h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t gia ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft th\u1ecd tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi cho trong s\u1ea1ch. Gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu gi\u00fap \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a th\u00e2n t\u00e2m, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00f4 th\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp kh\u00ed, c\u1ee7a phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi th\u00ec t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n b\u1ea5t an, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 d\u1ec5 sinh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ea7m l\u1ee1, c\u00e0n qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft th\u00ec ph\u00e1t sanh ray r\u1ee9c, \u0103n n\u0103n &#8211; th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh v\u00e0 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n? L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng sinh tu\u1ec7\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cho n\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng gi\u1edbi cho b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft trong c\u00e2u: <em>&#8220;Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb&#8221; (S\u012blena n&#8217;anupetassa sutena&#8217; ttho na vijjati). <\/em>\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khen ng\u1ee3i tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 l\u1ee5c c\u0103n trong c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 94:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c &#8211; V\u00ed nh\u01b0 tu\u1ea5n m\u00e3 luy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u1ee5c c\u0103n ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1, x\u1ee9ng danh tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f2ng! <\/em><em>Nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n ti\u00eau vong.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean m\u1ebfn m\u1ed9 gi\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng Sa-m\u00f4n\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>(Yass\u2019indriy\u0101ni samatha\u1e43 gat\u0101ni ass\u0101 yath\u0101 s\u0101rathin\u0101 sudant\u0101, <\/em><em>pah\u012bnam\u0101nassa an\u0101savassa dev\u0101pi tassa pihayanti t\u0101dino).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Xu\u1ea5t gia ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(nekkhamma p\u0101ram\u012b).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nekkhamma ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t gia, r\u1eddi b\u1ecf gia \u0111inh, v\u1ee3 con, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, danh v\u1ecdng, s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi sa-m\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i gia &#8211; n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean ph\u00e1t sanh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o &#8211; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u1eddi xa c\u00e1i \u1ed5 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 302:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>\u201c- <\/em><\/strong><em>Kh\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>An vui \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e0, kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n! T\u1ea1i gia, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o d\u1eadp d\u1ed3n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, s\u1ea7u bu\u1ed3n k\u00e9o l\u00f4i! B\u1ea1n b\u00e8 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p, ch\u00e1n \u00f4i!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eef kh\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng! <\/em><em>V\u1eady n\u00ean d\u1eebng g\u00f3t \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ch\u1ea1y theo, bi\u1ebft kh\u1ed5, v\u1eabn b\u01b0\u01a1n ch\u1ea3i ho\u00e0i!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Duppabbajja\u1e43 durabhirama\u1e43 dur\u0101v\u0101s\u0101 ghar\u0101 dukh\u0101, dukkho\u2019sam\u0101nasa\u1e43v\u0101so dukkh\u0101nupatitaddhag\u016b, tasm\u0101 na caddhag\u016b siy\u0101 na ca dukkh\u0101nupatito siy\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c sanh truy\u1ec7n Makh\u0101deva <em>(J\u0101taka-Makh\u0101deva) <\/em>k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng, khi b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Makh\u0101deva ch\u1edbm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c, ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n nh\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00f4i l\u1ea1i cho con, xu\u1ea5t gia s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129; sau \u0111\u1eafc b\u00e1t thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Temiya <em>(J\u0101taka-Temiya) <\/em>c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 b\u1ed3-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u00e1t v\u1eeba m\u1edbi sinh ra, bi\u1ebft ngai v\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1t sanh t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i do tr\u00ed nh\u1edb ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp; n\u00ean ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ebfc, gi\u1ea3 c\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f3c, kh\u00f4ng la, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i u\u1ed1ng; gi\u1ea3 t\u00ea li\u1ec7t t\u1ee9 chi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft&#8230; r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 su\u1ed1t m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y n\u0103m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c vua cha khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ebft c\u00e1ch th\u1eed th\u00e1ch n\u00ean ch\u00e1n n\u00e3n, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh \u0111em ch\u00f4n ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng hoang. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u01b0\u01a1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady, qu\u00e2n binh ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3; ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n tr\u1ea5n an, n\u00f3i r\u00f5 l\u00fd do, bao n\u0103m gi\u1ea3 t\u00ea li\u1ec7t, gi\u1ea3 c\u00e2m, gi\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ebfc l\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u00e0i gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 chi\u1ebfc ngai v\u00e0ng tanh h\u00f4i danh l\u1ee3i &#8211; ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00ean non xanh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Temiya tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ng\u1ee5c v\u00e0ng. N\u0103m \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi 16 tu\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ea3i qua 24 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, kh\u00f4ng nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nguy\u1ec7n Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u00f4n sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 hay sa-m\u00f4n, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t lu\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, tinh t\u1ea5n b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 <a><\/a>c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng su\u00f4n s\u1ebb. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 con s\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qua th\u00e1c, qua gh\u1ec1nh, qua v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u0169ng xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n gi\u00e1c. T\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp; t\u1ef1&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; nh\u01b0&nbsp; c\u00e1c&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ba-la-m\u1eadt&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; kh\u00e1c;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; xu\u1ea5t&nbsp; gia&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(nekkhamma p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba b\u1eadc l\u00e0 b\u1eadc h\u1ea1, b\u1eadc trung v\u00e0 b\u1eadc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khen ng\u1ee3i \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thong dong, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc xu\u1ea5t gia trong c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 87:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- B\u1ecf nh\u00e0, m\u00e2y tr\u1eafng ra \u0111i,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Thong dong mu\u00f4n s\u1ef1, vi\u1ec5n ly th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh; <\/em><em>Ph\u00e1p \u0111en, ph\u00e1p tr\u1eafng ph\u00e2n minh,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>R\u1eddi xa kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c, khinh linh \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Ka\u1e47ha\u1e43 dhamma\u1e43 vippah\u0101ya sukka\u1e43 bh\u0101vetha pa\u1e47\u1e0dito, ok\u0101 <\/em><em>anoka\u1e43 \u0101gamma viveke yattha d\u016brama\u1e43).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101, b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 &#8211; l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p \u2013 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n trong mu\u00f4n tr\u00f9ng sinh t\u1eed kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. V\u00e0, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y \u2013 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng g\u00ec! Ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p, th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p <em>(sabh\u0101va-dhamma), <\/em>l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed s\u01a1 c\u0103n c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u, c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft qua ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tr\u00ed n\u0103ng, t\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0ng <em>\u201cth\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u201d <\/em>n\u00f3, <em>\u201cli\u1ec5u tri\u1ec7t\u201d <\/em>n\u00f3, <em>\u201cth\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng\u201d <\/em>n\u00f3, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 vi tr\u1ea7n? T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf gian n\u1ea7y thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, \u00e1c c\u00f3, t\u1ed1t c\u00f3, x\u1ea5u c\u00f3. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ecbnh c\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 s\u00fay, t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng&#8230; th\u00ec thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u00e1c t\u00e1nh; v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0o &#8211; nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda b\u1eadp b\u00f9ng trong chi\u1ebfc gh\u00e8 \u2013 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh ba-la-m\u1eadt do l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng. Mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng th\u00ec trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, chu to\u00e0n ph\u1ea9m c\u00e1ch. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 c\u00e1c <em>\u201ctr\u00ed th\u1ebf gian\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u00fang, t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0nh, kh\u00e9o, hay, gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y, t\u00f4 b\u1ed3i, tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Do v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean g\u00ec, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed, b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, b\u1eadc m\u00f4 ph\u1ea1m lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 m\u1ea3nh tr\u0103ng trong v\u1eb1ng v\u1eb7c d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng soi s\u00e1ng cho \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 uy\u00ean b\u00e1c khi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ba-la-m\u1eadt, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n, xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf &#8211; nh\u01b0ng theo t\u00f4i, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00ed th\u1ebf gian th\u00f4i. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Mahosatha trong T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n <em>(Mahosatha j\u0101taka), <\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi c\u00e1i tr\u00ed \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do bi\u1ebft quan s\u00e1t, bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, bi\u1ebft suy lu\u1eadn, bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c hay hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u2013 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y qua nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb 3 ngu\u1ed3n l\u00e0 v\u0103n, t\u01b0 v\u00e0 tu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.1- V\u0103n tu\u1ec7 <em>(sutamaya-pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cSuta\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 nghe, \u0111\u00e3 nghe; v\u00e0 <em>\u201cmaya\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u00edch l\u0169y, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh; <em>\u201csutamaya\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh hay t\u00edch l\u0169y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe. V\u1eady, <em>\u201csutamaya-pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u201d <\/em>v\u0103n tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe; v\u00e0 do nghe nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc \u0111a v\u0103n, b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc <em>(bahussuta) <\/em>\u2013 v\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ngu\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 kinh s\u00e1ch, c\u1ed5 th\u01b0, ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft th\u00ec b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n, minh tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5 nh\u00e2n. N\u1ebfu v\u00e0o th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, th\u00ec nghe, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi b\u00ean ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0, ch\u00e2n s\u01b0, sa-m\u00f4n, b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n&#8230; V\u00e0, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb T\u1ee9i tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n truy\u1ec1n kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n gian \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ca dao t\u1ee5c ng\u1eef hi\u1ec7n nay. C\u1ed9ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 v\u0103n tu\u1ec7 <em>(sutamaya-pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.2- T\u01b0 tu\u1ec7 <em>(cint\u0101maya-pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cint\u0101 l\u00e0 t\u01b0, t\u01b0 duy, suy ngh\u0129; n\u00f3 g\u1ed3m lu\u00f4n c\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t, ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n, suy lu\u1eadn; <em>\u201cmaya\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, t\u00edch l\u0169y&#8230; V\u1eady, t\u01b0 tu\u1ec7 <em>(cint\u0101maya-pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) <\/em>c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do c\u1ea3 kho t\u00e0ng tr\u00ed n\u0103ng \u1ea5y. R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t khi th\u00ec l\u00e0m quan \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n, qu\u1ed1c s\u01b0, qu\u00e2n s\u01b0, vua ch\u00faa ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gia ch\u1ee7&#8230; nh\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u01b0 tu\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t c\u00f4ng minh, \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>\u201cnh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n\u201d <\/em>t\u1eeb v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c <em>\u201cc\u00e1n c\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u00fd\u201d <\/em>cho \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4.3- Tu tu\u1ec7 <em>(bh\u0101van\u0101maya-pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bh\u0101van\u0101 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a: L\u00e0 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, l\u00e0 trau d\u1ed3i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n. Ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tu, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 nghe, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng t\u01b0 duy. N\u1ebfu v\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 t\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 th\u00ec tu tu\u1ec7 <em>(bh\u0101van\u0101maya-pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) <\/em>th\u00ec tinh th\u1ea7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u0103ng hoa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean n\u1ebfu tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh. Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">tr\u0103m tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ngh\u00ecn l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eafc b\u00e1t thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng trong nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. V\u00e0 tu tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do nh\u1edd t\u00edch l\u0169y nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n <em>\u201ctam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba b\u1eadc, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung v\u00e0 h\u1ea1. V\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u ham h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, ham hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta trong nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3i hy sinh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n.. t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n <em>(b\u1eadc h\u1ea1) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi minh tri\u1ebft. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hy sinh m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7 <em>(b\u1eadc trung). <\/em>V\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t <a><\/a>c\u0169ng s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng hy sinh th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc minh s\u01b0 <em>(C\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t an nhi\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c than h\u1ed3ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n \u2013 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t ngu\u1ed3n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u1eady n\u00ean, trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, tu\u1ec7 <em>(ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn) <\/em>d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 si\u00eau th\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ca ng\u1ee3i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o leo t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao s\u01a1n trong c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 28:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m: Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt l\u00f9i xa.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u2013 binh ma cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e8o! Cao s\u01a1n, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 kh\u00e9o tr\u00e8o.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ngu si, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 &#8211; n\u1eb1m queo \u0111\u00e1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Pam\u0101da\u1e43 appam\u0101dena yad\u0101 nudati pa\u1e47\u1e0dito, pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101p\u0101s\u0101da <\/em><em>m\u0101ruyha asoko sokini\u1e43 paja\u1e43, pabbata\u1e6d\u1e6dho va bh\u016bma\u1e6d\u1e6dhe dh\u012bro b\u0101le avekkhati).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Tinh t\u1ea5n ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(viriya p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tinh t\u1ea5n. D\u00f9 tinh t\u1ea5n \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec th\u1eb3ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tinh t\u1ea5n \u1edf tr\u00ean, m\u1ecdi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e1nh th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n <em>(samm\u0101-viriya), <\/em>n\u1ebfu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0 th\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n <em>(micch\u0101-viriya). <\/em>C\u00f2n tinh t\u1ea5n ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(viriya p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, bu\u00f4ng xu\u00f4i&#8230; s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng v\u1ea5t v\u01a1 b\u00ean l\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 chu\u1ed1c l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o, s\u00e2u bi \u01b0u n\u00e3o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i xem \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, d\u00f9 t\u1ea1i gia hay xu\u1ea5t gia. \u0110\u1eebng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, \u0111\u1eebng bu\u00f4ng lung, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt \u2013 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1ch th\u00fac h\u1ed1i ch\u00fang ta v\u00f9ng d\u1eady, v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean. T\u1eeb P\u0101\u1e37i <em>\u201cappam\u0101dena\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201cappam\u0101da\u201d <\/em>trong c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 30 sau \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng lung, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d, <\/em>v\u1eeba c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a <em>\u201ctinh c\u1ea7n, t\u00ednh t\u1ea5n\u201d:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8211; Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh tinh c\u1ea7n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch cai qu\u1ea3n b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/em><em>Bu\u00f4ng lung thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tinh c\u1ea7n m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi!<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Appam\u0101dena maghav\u0101 dev\u0101na\u1e43 se\u1e6d\u1e6dhata\u1e43 gato, appam\u0101da\u1e43 <\/em><em>pasa\u1e43santi pam\u0101do garahito sad\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eeba ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u1eeba ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang sanh; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tinh c\u1ea7n trong m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi khi, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, \u00edch k\u1ef7, v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t. V\u00e0, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c d\u00f9 ng\u00e0n c\u00e2n treo s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c, d\u00f9 th\u1eadp t\u1eed nh\u1ea5t sinh \u2013 nh\u01b0 t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n Mah\u0101janaka J\u0101taka khi thuy\u1ec1n b\u1ecb b\u00e3o t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eafm gi\u1eefa bi\u1ec3n kh\u01a1i. Trong l\u00fac m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eaby v\u00f9ng trong tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng th\u00ec b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9, su\u1ed1t 7 ng\u00e0y 7 \u0111\u00eam b\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh hanh th\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00fa c\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i, ngh\u1ecbch c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u1ea3n l\u00f2ng. C\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t s\u1ebd r\u00fat ra b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ki\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, trong r\u1eebng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng khuy\u00ean b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t n\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ecf <em>\u201ccu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 v\u1ecdng\u201d, <\/em>ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: <em>&#8220;\u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ta, ch\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1ng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n c\u00f2n m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n danh d\u1ef1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng trong r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 gia s\u1ea3n; c\u00f3 gia s\u1ea3n, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u00fap cho c\u1ea3 l\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c no \u0111\u1ee7 &#8211; nh\u01b0 t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean Magha, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101 Gotama. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfp, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00fap cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00ean r\u1eebng t\u00ecm tr\u1ea7m, xu\u1ed1ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">bi\u1ec3n m\u00f2 ng\u1ecdc trai, bi\u1ebft bao l\u00e0 gian kh\u1ed5 c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u00e2m th\u00ed, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 t\u00e2m bi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong ba lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ee9c tin, tinh t\u1ea5n m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>th\u00ec b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tinh t\u1ea5n, v\u1eeba nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba tinh t\u1ea5n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang sanh. V\u00ec ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tinh t\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u xa g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin, c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u xa g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n so v\u1edbi b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 &#8211; nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101 Gotama. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c <em>(Mettreyya)<\/em><em> <\/em>hi\u1ec7n \u1edf cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea9u Su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ed3- t\u00e1t tinh t\u1ea5n, c\u00f2n l\u00e2u xa n\u1eefa m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u01b0u Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u0103ng Gi\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, tinh t\u1ea5n quan tr\u1ecdng xi\u1ebft bao trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 moi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, t\u1ea1i gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 xu\u1ea5t gia. Kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean g\u00ec trong 37 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m, tinh t\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ebfn 9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: 4 t\u1ea5n trong T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n. 01 t\u1ea5n trong T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac, 02 t\u1ea5n trong c\u0103n, l\u1ef1c; 01 t\u1ea5n trong Gi\u00e1c Chi v\u00e0 01 t\u1ea5n trong B\u00e1t Chi \u0110\u1ea1o. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, n\u1ebfu tinh t\u1ea5n <em>\u201cl\u00e0m b\u1ea1n\u201d <\/em>v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 b\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp <em>(Pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101nuy\u0101ta\u1e43&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; viriya\u1e43&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; vadanti&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; sabbattha siddhiggahanaggahattha\u1e43).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khen ng\u1ee3i tinh c\u1ea7n, kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng lung, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt trong c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 26, 27:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Si m\u00ea, cu\u1ed3ng s\u0129 bu\u00f4ng lung<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ri\u00eang ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed canh ch\u1eebng ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m <\/em><em>T\u00e2m t\u00e2m, ni\u1ec7m ni\u1ec7m tinh c\u1ea7n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gi\u1eef g\u00ecn kho b\u00e1u, th\u1ebf nh\u00e2n d\u1ec5 g\u00ec!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>(Pam\u0101damanuyu\u00f1janti b\u0101l\u0101 dummedhino jan\u0101, appam\u0101da\u00f1 ca <\/em><em>medh\u0101v\u012b dhana\u1e43 se\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e43va rakkhati).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm ni\u1ec1m vui d\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n T\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n tinh c\u1ea7n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>S\u1ebd h\u00e1i, s\u1ebd g\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea7n sum su\u00ea!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(M\u0101<\/em><em> <\/em><em>pam\u0101damanuyu\u00f1jetha<\/em><em> <\/em><em>m\u0101 k\u0101maratisanthava\u1e43, appamatto <\/em><em>hi jh\u0101yanto pappoti vipula\u1e43 sukha\u1e43\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u0129 nhi\u00ean, tinh t\u1ea5n ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(viriya p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>c\u00f3 ba b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung, h\u1ea1 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(khanti p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khanti c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng, ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, nh\u1ecbn nh\u1ee5c, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c. V\u1edbi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u00e0nh b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u trong Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&#8211; <\/strong>Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u00e1c tri v\u00e0 ngu si c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>320 \u201c- Nh\u01b0 th\u1edbt voi gi\u1eefa tr\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n, H\u1ee9ng bao m\u0169i \u0111\u1ea1n, l\u1eb1n t\u00ean s\u00e1 g\u00ec!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u00e1c tri,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, ngu si l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Aha\u1e43 n\u0101gova sa\u1e45g\u0101me c\u0101pato patita\u1e43 sara\u1e43, ativ\u0101kya\u1e43 <\/em><em>titikkhissa\u1e43 duss\u012blo hi bahujjano).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u1ef1 ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfng l\u1eddi dao \u0111\u00e2m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>321. \u201cNg\u1ef1a voi \u0111\u00e3 luy\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Con n\u00e0o thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u00e2n; <\/em><em>Cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t gi\u1eefa nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea7n,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, dao \u0111\u00e2m ti\u1ebfng l\u1eddi!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Danta\u1e43 nayanti samiti\u1e43 danta\u1e43 r\u0101j\u0101bhir\u016bhati, danto se\u1e6d\u1e6dho <\/em><em>manussesu yo\u2019tiv\u0101kya\u1e43 titikkhanti).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng nh\u1eabn, c\u0169ng nh\u1ecbn ch\u1ecbu, ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u2013 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1edfi l\u00ean l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, bao dung \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m kh\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng m\u00ecnh, t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh \u2013 m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac an vui n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n Khantiv\u0101di J\u0101taka c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Thu\u1edf \u1ea5y, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Khantiv\u0101di tu t\u1eadp \u1edf Hymalaya, sau khi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y, x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e0i v\u00e2n h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. Khi th\u1ea5y b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 Khantiv\u0101di t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn khu v\u01b0\u1eddn Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Uy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i thanh v\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>H\u00f4m \u1ea5y, t\u00ecnh c\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c vua v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1m cung nga th\u1ec3 n\u1eef c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u01b0\u1eddn Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Uy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8 ca h\u00e1t nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa vui ch\u01a1i. Khi \u00f4ng vua u\u1ed1ng r\u01b0\u1ee3u say n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7 li b\u00ec th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1m n\u1eef nh\u00e2n l\u00edu lo t\u1ea3n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y. \u0110\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5, c\u00e1c m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 h\u00ecnh dong tu\u1ea5n m\u1ef9 \u0111ang t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n trang nghi\u00eam nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n. B\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 Khantiv\u0101di bi\u1ebft n\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n c\u1ea5t v\u00e0i l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ee9c vua t\u1ec9nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u, nh\u00ecn quanh ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0i qu\u00e2n h\u1ea7u c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1m m\u1ef9 n\u1eef \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u v\u1eafng h\u1ebft. B\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng vua x\u00e1ch g\u01b0\u01a1m \u0111i t\u00ecm. \u0110\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m m\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111ang say s\u01b0a l\u1eafng nghe b\u00e0i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. V\u1eeba ganh v\u1eeba t\u1ee9c, \u00f4ng vua r\u00fat g\u01b0\u01a1m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, h\u1ecfi:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e1m r\u1ee7 r\u00ea \u0111\u00e1m n\u1eef nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ta? Ng\u01b0\u01a1i tu c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/em><\/li><li><em>T\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o tu ph\u00e1p nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c.<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li><em>Nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c \u00e0? V\u1eady th\u00ec d\u00f9 ta l\u00e0m g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u01a1i, ng\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1eabn nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9?<\/em><\/li><li><em>V\u00e2ng, t\u00e2u b\u1ec7 h\u1ea1!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00e0n \u00e1c, hung b\u1ea1o, \u00f4ng vua sai qu\u00e2n h\u1ea7u ch\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129. L\u01b0\u1ee1i g\u01b0\u01a1m b\u00e1u s\u1eafc b\u00e9n \u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft l\u00eca b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, m\u00e1u tu\u00f4n x\u1ed1i x\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 s\u1eafc m\u1eb7t v\u1eabn \u0111i\u1ec1m nhi\u00ean. \u00d4ng vua c\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1eb1n:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0a? Ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f2n d\u00e1m nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c n\u1eefa ch\u0103ng?<\/em><\/li><li><em>T\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng! Nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8230; C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n. \u00d4ng vua t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o sai ch\u1eb7t th\u00eam ch\u00e2n, ch\u1eb7t lu\u00f4n hai tay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129, c\u0169ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: <em>\u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i d\u00e1m nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c n\u1eefa ch\u0103ng?\u201d <\/em>V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 v\u1eabn \u0111\u00e1p nh\u01b0 c\u0169: <em>\u201cNh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i t\u1ee9 chi m\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d. <\/em>B\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c, \u00f4ng vua th\u1ea5y s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi: <em>\u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn ta ch\u0103ng?\u201d <\/em>\u0110\u1ea1o s\u0129 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c tr\u1ea5n gi\u1eef c\u01a1n \u0111au \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ea5t l\u1ecbm, d\u00f9 n\u1eb1m ng\u00e3 d\u00e0i tr\u00ean v\u0169ng m\u00e1u, ng\u00e0i an nhi\u00ean tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: <em>\u201cKh\u00f4ng, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t o\u00e1n gi\u1eadn n\u00e0o c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng len v\u00e0o t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u00e0 b\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f2n c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui n\u1eefa\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, trong l\u00f2ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00fac \u1ea5y, tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch th\u1ea5y ngai v\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00f3ng l\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u00e8n hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn n\u01a1i, d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean n\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i ch\u00e2n tay cho \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t d\u00f9 b\u1ecb h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ed1t ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u hay o\u00e1n tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh. Khoan h\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, bao dung, bi m\u1eabn, t\u1eeb t\u00e2m&#8230; lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e1t m\u1ebb v\u00e0 an l\u00e0nh trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 399:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn bao gi\u1edd, Tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng: L\u1eb7ng t\u1edd, n\u00edn thinh! D\u1eabu cho roi tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea1t h\u00ecnh,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0m binh h\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>T\u00e2m t\u1eeb r\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng,<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, x\u1ee9ng d\u00f2ng bla-m\u00f4n!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Akkosa\u1e43 vadhabandha\u00f1ca adu\u1e6d\u1e6dho yo titikkhati, khant\u012bbala\u1e43 <\/em><em>bal\u0101n\u012bka\u1e43 tamaha\u1e43 br\u016bmi br\u0101hma\u1e47a\u1e43).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(khanti-p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd kia c\u00f3 ba b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ba-la-m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(sacca p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sacca ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. Nh\u01b0ng trong ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(sacca p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, c\u00f3 sao n\u00f3i n\u1ea5y; lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ed1i v\u1ea1y quanh co; lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef ch\u1eef t\u00edn, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 223:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 h\u1eadn s\u00e2n, V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, ta c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t vui; B\u1ed1 th\u00ed, di\u1ec7t xan tham r\u1ed3i,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, th\u1eafng l\u1eddi d\u1ed1i gian!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Akkodhena jine kodha\u1e43 as\u0101dhu\u1e43 s\u0101dhun\u0101 jine, jine <\/em><em>kadariya\u1e43 d\u0101nena saccena alikav\u0101dina\u1e43).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 224:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- <\/em><em>Ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea7u,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean ph\u1eabn h\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u1eb1m l\u00f2ng; D\u1eabu ngh\u00e8o v\u1eabn ch\u1eb3ng r\u00edt rong,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u1ea5y \u2013 thong dong c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Sacca\u1e43 bha\u1e47e na kujjheyya dajj\u0101\u2019 appampi y\u0101cito; etehi t\u012bhi <\/em><em>\u1e6dh\u0101nehi,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>gacche dev\u0101na santike).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ea7u ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0o, ngh\u00e8o gi\u00e0u, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0m th\u00fa&#8230; b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t lu\u00f4n gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u1ea7y: N\u00f3i sao l\u00e0m v\u1eady, l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3i v\u1eady <em>(yath\u0101v\u0101d\u012b tath\u0101k\u0101ri, yath\u0101k\u0101ri tath\u0101v\u0101d\u012b). <\/em>V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean sau n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean 01 trong ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, 01 trong b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, 04 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef trong B\u00e1t Chi \u0110\u1ea1o. Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u00eau d\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u, \u00e1c \u00fd, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm v\u00f4 \u00edch \u2013 m\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef \u1ea5y c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n th\u00eam thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 n\u1eefa m\u1edbi to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o <em>(Xem th\u00eam Ch\u00e1nh Ng\u1eef trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n <em>(j\u0101taka-hiri) <\/em>b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t khuy\u00ean d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho k\u1ef3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee9a. Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c sanh truy\u1ec7n <em>(j\u0101taka) <\/em>Mah\u0101 Sutasoma c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i t\u00edch chuy\u1ec7n b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t hy sinh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a. Th\u1ebf gian n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: <em>\u201cNh\u1ea5t ng\u00f4n k\u00fd xu\u1ea5t, t\u1ee9 m\u00e3 nan truy\u201d <\/em>hay b\u00ecnh d\u00e2n h\u01a1n: <em>\u201cL\u1eddi h\u1ee9a nh\u01b0 \u0111inh \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1ed9t\u201d. <\/em>Th\u00ec b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng v\u1eady:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 sao mai m\u1ed7i s\u1edbm tinh s\u01b0\u01a1ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y n\u1ea5y, \u00e2m th\u1ea7m, l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 sai tr\u1eadt. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u1ec7ch kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi dua n\u1ecbnh, b\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd mong m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ca t\u1ee5ng m\u00ecnh. Kh\u00f4ng khoe khoang c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng che \u0111\u1eady, gi\u1ea5u di\u1ebfm c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t m\u1edf l\u1eddi khen t\u1eb7ng, t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng khen t\u1eb7ng; khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o, qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea. Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n trung th\u1ef1c, li\u00eam ch\u00ednh, ngay th\u1eb3ng m\u00e0 v\u1eabn t\u1eeb h\u00f2a, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e0u l\u00f2ng bi m\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean n\u00f3i ra v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ai c\u1ea3; ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i ra s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u1ed5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh <a><\/a>ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an vui ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t m\u1edbi n\u00f3i d\u00f9 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 b\u1ecb thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(sacca p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1eady; ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n ba b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung v\u00e0 h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(adhi\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Adhi\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1ng khi \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec t\u00e2m ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i th\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 l\u00f2ng; ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, tinh t\u1ea5n, d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1eady th\u00ec \u0111\u1eb1ng sau quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00f2 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eafc l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac v\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(adhi\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na-p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ba-la-m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Thi\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y th\u00ec t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o, nguy nan c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh nhi\u00eau kh\u00ea v\u1ea1n d\u1eb7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ef3 b\u00ean ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng <em>(D\u012bpa\u1e45kara) <\/em>ph\u00e1t l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. V\u1eady, <em>\u201cquy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d <\/em>n\u1ea7y ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c cho <em>\u201cnguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eb5n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i; v\u00e0 b\u1ed3- t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua 24 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sai l\u1ec7ch v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed Sidhattha khi l\u00eca b\u1ecf v\u1ee3 con, cung v\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o? Vinh hoa ph\u00fa qu\u00fd v\u00e0 ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i. Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh d\u1ee5 d\u1ed7, l\u1eeba m\u1ecb v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n con ng\u1ef1a Ki\u1ec1n Tr\u1eafc c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. D\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t l\u00e0 d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t, m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi d\u00e2y cung.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi da xanh nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u l\u00e1; c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i v\u1edbi 32 qu\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 80 v\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4, s\u1edd b\u1ee5ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee5ng l\u01b0ng! N\u0103m v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i danh \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu n\u1ed5i \u00fd ch\u00ed gang th\u00e9p s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ed3i c\u00f2n b\u00ean s\u00f4ng Ni-li\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i \u0111a gi\u00e0, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c th\u00ec d\u00f9 th\u1ecbt n\u00e1t, x\u01b0\u01a1ng tan, ta c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00eca b\u1ecf c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3! D\u1eabn l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(adhi\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na-p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>n\u1ea7y m\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u1ea3i hy sinh v\u1eadt ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n, n\u1ed9i th\u00e2n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 sanh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Trong c\u01a1n nguy bi\u1ebfn, h\u1ea3i h\u00f9ng, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai b\u1ea3o b\u1ecdc, ch\u1edf che m\u00e0 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng, thua cu\u1ed9c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;Trong nh\u1eefng l\u00fac ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ea7u, kh\u1ea5n v\u00e1i, mong ch\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng <\/em><em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;Trong lo \u00e2u s\u1ee3 s\u1ec7t, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1t khao c\u1ea7u mong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf <\/em><em>l\u1ef1c n\u00e0o c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ki\u00ean tr\u00ec ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi ch\u00fang\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(<em>\u0110\u1ecdc th\u00eam b\u00e0i \u201cNguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c\u201d trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong><em>9-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>T\u00e2m t\u1eeb ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(mett\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mett\u0101, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 ba-la-m\u1eadt th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn; l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, an l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t h\u1eb1ng tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh trong nh\u1eefng m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan, trong b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c-<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Nh\u01b0<\/em><em> <\/em><em>Lai<\/em><em> <\/em><em>t\u1eebng<\/em><em> <\/em><em>s\u1ed1ng<\/em><em> <\/em><em>gi\u1eefa<\/em><em> <\/em><em>n\u00fai<\/em><em> <\/em><em>r\u1eebng, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e1m s\u00e0i lang h\u1ed5 b\u00e1o; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai. Chung quanh l\u00e0 th\u00fa d\u1eef nh\u01b0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed, c\u1ecdp, beo&#8230; c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i th\u00fa hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 nai, h\u01b0\u01a1u, th\u1ecf, s\u00f3c&#8230; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con v\u1eadt n\u00e0o s\u1ee3 Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ee3 con v\u1eadt n\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd oai l\u1ef1c, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap Nh\u01b0 Lai s\u1ed1ng thanh b\u00ecnh, y\u00ean \u1ed5n v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i \u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 270, 300:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- T\u1ef1 x\u01b0ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>M\u00e1u \u0111\u00e0o h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i, x\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u01a1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh!? T\u00e2m t\u1eeb r\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp ch\u00fang sinh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, quang minh cao hi\u1ec1n!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Na tena ariyo hoti yena p\u0101\u1e47\u0101ni hi\u1e43sati, ahi\u1e43s\u0101 <\/em><em>sabbap\u0101\u1e47\u0101na\u1e43 ariyo\u2019ti pavuccati).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec1n<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u00f4 th\u00f9, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m ho\u00e0i T\u1eeb t\u00e2m r\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>An vui chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m khuya, mai, t\u1ed1i, chi\u1ec1u!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Suppabuddha\u1e43 pabujjhanti sad\u0101 gotamas\u0101vak\u0101,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>yesa\u1e43<\/em><em> <\/em><em>div\u0101 <\/em><em>ca ratto ca ahi\u1e43s\u0101ya rato mano).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong hai c\u00e2u tr\u00ean, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 th\u00f9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb l\u00e0 mett\u0101, mett\u0101 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb. G\u00f3i g\u1ecdn n\u01a1i <em>\u201ct\u1eeb\u201d, <\/em>c\u00f3 l\u1ecdn ngh\u0129a ch\u0103ng? C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u00f4n t\u00fac \u00fd nh\u1ecb n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 danh t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng n\u00e0o trong ti\u1ebfng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Anh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef mett\u0101 (t\u1eeb)\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u0169ng \u00fd nh\u1ecb \u201cn\u1ed1i \u0111i\u00eau\u201d <sup>(1)<\/sup> m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, duy\u00ean d\u00e1ng n\u00e0o trong H\u00e1n-Vi\u1ec7t \u2013 d\u00f9 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi mett\u0101 trong ti\u1ebfng P\u0101\u1e37i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> C\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n: <em>\u201c\u0110i\u00eau b\u1ea5t t\u00fac, c\u1ea9u v\u0129 t\u1ee5c\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, thi\u1ebfu l\u00f4ng chim, m\u01b0\u1ee3n \u0111u\u00f4i ch\u00f3 \u2013 \u00fd khi\u00eam h\u1ea1, khi\u00eam nh\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb l\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb, nh\u00e2n h\u1eadu, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, b\u00e1c \u00e1i, v\u1ecb tha ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>\u201cC\u00e1i t\u00e2m mett\u0101 ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng nguy\u1ec7n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i no\u00e3n, thai, th\u1ea5p, h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an vui, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u201d. <\/em>Ch\u00ednh mett\u0101 th\u00fac gi\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, ch\u1ec9 mong th\u00e0nh to\u00e0n Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u00f4n sinh. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd mett\u0101 m\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb cung v\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ec7n ng\u1ecdc, v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p con xinh, xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 mong Ch\u1ee9ng Qu\u1ea3 V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, mett\u0101 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t giai c\u1ea5p, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c, ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i, m\u00e0u da, hay nam n\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m t\u1eeb ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(mett\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, bao la, m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng bao tr\u00f9m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u00e2y c\u1ecf. N\u00f3 bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng chan h\u00f2a mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t cho m\u1ed9t ai, m\u1ed9t h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f9ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, an l\u00e0nh, y\u00ean vui v\u00e0 h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng dung ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, hung d\u1eef , \u00e1c \u00fd. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng dung ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng, h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, th\u00e2n x\u00e1c. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng dung ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i dung th\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng dung ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m s\u01b0\u1edbt m\u01b0\u1edbt, bi l\u1ee5y ki\u1ec3u <em>\u201cy\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ebft b\u1ecf\u201d. <\/em>N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng dung ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1, chan ch\u1ee9a v\u1edbi tha nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 <em>\u201cta v\u00e0 <\/em><em>ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m mett\u0101 l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, c\u00e1u g\u1eaft tan bi\u1ebfn. N\u00f3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, hung d\u1eef, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n. Ai s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e2m mett\u0101 s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, thanh b\u00ecnh, y\u00ean vui.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m mett\u0101 l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi; n\u00f3 bao tr\u00f9m ta c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n sinh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n <em>(j\u0101taka-mah\u0101-dhammap\u0101la), <\/em>b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea3i t\u00e2m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mett\u0101 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u, t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha t\u00e0n \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ebft ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ean \u0111ao ph\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 d\u1ecbu hi\u1ec1n \u0111ang x\u00f3t xa, \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn than kh\u00f3c con trai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, mett\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cao c\u1ea3, trong s\u00e1ng, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, an l\u00e0nh, thanh b\u00ecnh, thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, v\u00f4 th\u00f9; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ea1n, c\u1ee7a ki\u00eau, c\u1ee7a ng\u00e3, c\u1ee7a \u00e1i, c\u1ee7a luy\u1ebfn, c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Mett\u0101 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba b\u1eadc th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trung v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ba-la-m\u1eadt kh\u00e1c <em>(Xem th\u00eam T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong><em>10-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>T\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(upekkh\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong m\u01b0\u1eddi ba-la-m\u1eadt l\u00e0 upekkh\u0101, t\u00e2m x\u1ea3, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd x\u1ea3. Th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 n\u00e0y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00eau c\u00f3, c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u2013 n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/li><li>Khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd h\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd \u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ecd x\u1ea3. Th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 n\u00e0y m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00eau c\u00f3, c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u2013 n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng th\u1ecd x\u1ea3 trong 54 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m <em>(12 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, 18 v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 24 t\u1ecbnh quang t\u00e2m) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ba-la-m\u1eadt.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec upekkh\u0101 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, cao c\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t n\u00ean n\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 4 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n.<\/li><li>C\u00e1c d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u1ea3 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng trong 25 t\u1ecbnh quang t\u00e2m s\u1edf, c\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf trung t\u00e1nh <em>(tatramajjhattat\u0101) <\/em>c\u00f9ng kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m th\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi x\u1ea3 ba-la-m\u1eadt. V\u00ec t\u00e2m s\u1edf trung t\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- L\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eang l\u1ec7ch, thi\u00ean v\u1ecb. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh xe \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1eb7p ng\u1ef1a ch\u1ea1y song \u0111\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00e0i t\u00ecnh. T\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ta gi\u1eef t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eb3ng, b\u00ecnh h\u00f2a gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng bu\u1ed3n vui, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t, h\u01a1n thua c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, tatramajjhattat\u0101 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Upekkh\u0101 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, <\/em><em>t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1ea3). <\/em>N\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, cao c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 <em>(upekkh\u0101) <\/em>trong t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(upekkh\u0101 p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em>ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 <em>\u201cl\u00e1 sen ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1eef\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ea7u kim ch\u1eb3ng d\u00ednh\u201d <\/em>trong c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 401:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- L\u00e1 sen ch\u1eb3ng gi\u1eef m\u01b0a sa<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ea7u kim ch\u1eb3ng d\u00ednh h\u1ea1t hoa c\u1ea3i v\u00e0ng <\/em><em>V\u00f4 y, v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m th\u1ebf gian<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nh\u1eefng<\/em><em> <\/em><em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, x\u1ee9ng l\u00e0m Bla-m\u00f4n!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(V\u0101ri pokkharapatte va \u0101raggeriva s\u0101sapo, yo na limpati <\/em><em>k\u0101mesu tamaha\u1e43 br\u016bmi br\u0101hma\u1e47a\u1e43).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea3 <em>\u201cnh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t t\u00e2m \u00fd qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201cth\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng xao\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">trong c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 95:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- <\/em><em>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t, t\u00e2m \u00fd qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>K\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh, th\u1ea5t t\u00ecnh ch\u1eb3ng xao <\/em><em>Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n nh\u01a1 b\u1ee3n, h\u1ed3 ao l\u1eafng b\u00f9n L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecbnh, lao lung ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Pathav\u012bsamo no virujjhati indakh\u012bl\u2019upamo t\u0101di subbato, <\/em><em>rahadova apetakaddamo sa\u1e43s\u0101r\u0101 na bhavanti t\u0101dino).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5u tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n thua, vui kh\u1ed5 ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y trong cu\u1ed9c t\u1ed3n sinh, tranh s\u1ed1ng, tranh ch\u1ebft! Th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m, vinh nh\u1ee5c, ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n tay s\u1ea5p ng\u1eeda, b\u00ean n\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u00ean kia lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft tinh t\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 trung ch\u00ednh m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c ch\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng, m\u00ea l\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gian, hu\u00e2n t\u1eadp c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh, xem m\u1ecdi di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1n ch\u1ea1y ch\u00fang m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ngh\u1ecbch g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o cho m\u00ecnh. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t cho <em>\u201cch\u1ea3y tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5m, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh. Ch\u00ednh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ba-la-m\u1eadt m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u1ed5n c\u1ed1, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng c\u00e1m d\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1c th\u00fa ng\u0169 d\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n gian, b\u1eaby gi\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed3i c\u00e2u ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, danh v\u1ecdng, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c&#8230; c\u00f9ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00f4ng t\u1ed1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, t\u00e2m b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t v\u1eabn b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, an nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>&#8220;- Trong h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, trong phi\u1ec1n l\u1ee5y, l\u00fac th\u0103ng, l\u00fac tr\u1ea7m, ta ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ee9t b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn v\u1eadt g\u00ec, d\u1ea7u chua, d\u1ea7u ng\u1ecdt, d\u1ea7u s\u1ea1ch, d\u1ea7u d\u01a1, \u0111\u1ea5t v\u1eabn th\u1ea3n nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1. \u00d0\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eadn, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8221;<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb x\u1ea3 ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f3 lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m li\u00eam khi\u1ebft, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0, c\u00f4ng minh, ch\u00e1nh tr\u1ef1c. Khi l\u00e0m vua, l\u00e0m quan, qu\u00e2n s\u01b0, gia ch\u1ee7 cho ch\u00ed l\u00e0m th\u00fa \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n; b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb ch\u00e1nh \u00e1n nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng minh nh\u1ea5t khi x\u1eed l\u00fd nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c: Kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u1ecb <em>(yuttito) <\/em>v\u00ec tham <em>(lobha), <\/em>kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00ec s\u00e2n <em>(dosa), <\/em>kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00ec s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i <em>(bhaya), <\/em>kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb v\u00ec si m\u00ea m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng <em>(moha).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi lu\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y qua t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 h\u1ea1, trung, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. C\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 407:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Tham s\u00e2n ch\u1eb3ng d\u00ednh v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng Ng\u00e3 ki\u00eau, t\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1 th\u1ea3y d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00f4i<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>H\u1ea1t c\u1ea3i kia, \u0111\u1ea7u kim r\u01a1i!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi Bla-m\u00f4n!\u201d <\/em><sup>(2)<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Yassa r\u0101go ca doso ca m\u0101no makkho ca p\u0101tito, s\u0101saporiva \u0101ragg\u0101 tamaha\u1e43 br\u016bmi br\u0101hma\u1e47a\u1e43).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; K\u1ebft \u0110\u1ec1:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 10 ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n \u2013 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t cao \u0111\u1eb9p, cao c\u1ea3, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t trong ba gi\u1edbi, b\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i <sup>(3)<\/sup>. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh 3 \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh <em>(cariy\u0101) <\/em>c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Buddhi-cariy\u0101: L\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n \u2013 cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n &#8211; v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t.<\/li><li>\u00d1\u0101ti-attha-cariy\u0101: L\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch <em>(attha) <\/em>cho quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c <em>(\u00f1\u0101ti) <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o an l\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh \u00edch k\u1ef7, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u1ea3 ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Saky\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Loka-attha-cariy\u0101: L\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch (<em>attha) <\/em>cho th\u1ebf gian <em>(loka) <\/em>\u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf gian, gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh tu t\u1eadp con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3 10 ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101- Gotama \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n; nh\u01b0ng t\u00edch l\u0169y n\u00f3 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3i qua 4 a-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ki\u1ebfp nh\u1ecdc nh\u1eb1n, gian kh\u1ed5, xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t, t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng, to\u00e0n m\u00e3n&#8230; kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1eafc gi\u00e2y l\u01a1 l\u00e0, b\u00ea tr\u1ec5. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eb1ng v\u1eb7c, ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ef1 hy sinh cao c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 tinh c\u1ea7n d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh v\u00f4 song&#8230; trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp t\u1eed sinh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi. Ch\u00fang \u0111i theo b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>10 ba-la-m\u1eadt \u1ea5y \u2013 c\u00f9ng tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i, tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t, phi\u00eau linh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e2y trong bi\u1ec3n tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n theo d\u00f2ng nghi\u1ec7p, d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m, d\u00f2ng tr\u00ed&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, th\u0103ng hoa t\u1eeb t\u1eebng m\u1ea3y vi tr\u1ea7n c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3a hoa \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t sinh ra v\u00e0o th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u0103m ki\u1ebfp, ng\u00e0n ki\u1ebfp ng\u00e0i tu \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 \u0111\u1eafc b\u00e1t thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n xa x\u0103m di\u1ec7u v\u1ee3i. C\u0169ng tr\u0103m ki\u1ebfp, ng\u00e0n ki\u1ebfp b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m tr\u1eddi v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u sang c\u1ea3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea5n tu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sup>(2)<\/sup><\/em><em> <\/em>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh danh ba-la-m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a sa-m\u00f4n. C\u00e2u 401 c\u0169ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sup>(3)<\/sup><\/em><em> <\/em>Ba gi\u1edbi: d\u1ee5c, s\u1eafc, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. B\u1ed1n lo\u00e0i: no\u00e3n thai, th\u1ea5p, h\u00f3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ba-la-m\u1eadt. V\u00ec c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 si m\u00ea n\u00ean b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u. Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c <em>\u201cch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y! Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1edd hu\u00e2n tu ba-la-m\u1eadt, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u h\u1eefu vi n\u00ean b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i uy l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. .V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i n\u1ea7y d\u00e0i th\u0103m th\u1eb3m, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u00fd l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u01b0\u1eddi ba-la-m\u1eadt d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfp, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u00f9ng \u00fd l\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n <em>(adhimutti-k\u0101lakiriy\u0101). <\/em>Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 sinh l\u00e0m th\u00fa th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 th\u00fa \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u00e0m th\u00fa nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n chim s\u1ebb, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m th\u00fa l\u1edbn h\u01a1n con voi. Sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u00e0m k\u1ebb \u0111ui, qu\u00e8, m\u1ebb s\u1ee9t; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng sinh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi ng\u0169 quan khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh V\u00f4 phi\u1ec1n thi\u00ean <em>(suddh\u0101v\u0101sa) <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb A-na-h\u00e0m, sau khi b\u1ecf b\u00e1o th\u00e2n, v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 an ngh\u1ec9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 A-la- h\u00e1n. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o 4 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 s\u1eafc <em>(ar\u016bpaloka) <\/em>v\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp ba-la-m\u1eadt ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang sanh. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <em>\u201c\u0111i l\u1ea1c\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0o <em>\u201ct\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i <em>\u201cho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn\u201d (niyata micch\u0101di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi) <\/em><sup>(1)<\/sup> t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o 4 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh <em>(ap\u0101ya) <\/em>nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e2m v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u1ea7y. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfp, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Kassapa, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t sinh l\u00e0m thanh ni\u00ean Jotip\u0101la, l\u1ea1i x\u00fac ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 <em>\u201csa-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ecdc\u201d. <\/em>Sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m, m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh c\u01b0 s\u0129 Ghat\u012bk\u0101ra <em>\u201cl\u00f4i c\u1ed5, l\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea7u, t\u00fam t\u00f3c\u201d <\/em>k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1edd ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean Jotip\u0101la tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc <em>(Majjhima Nik\u0101ya, Ghat\u012bk\u0101ra Sutta).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: <em>\u201cM\u1ed9t v\u1ecb b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng?\u201d <\/em>\u0110\u1ecdc T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: \u0110a ph\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ba ki\u1ebfp, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t bi\u1ebft. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 truy\u1ec7n Visayha-se\u1e6d\u1e6dhi j\u0101taka ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch <em>(Sakka) <\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ri\u00eang h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3ng \u00e2n n\u00e0o trong tam gi\u1edbi <em>(D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, V\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi) <\/em>m\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Niyata ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, th\u01b0\u1eddng lu\u00f4n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. V\u00e0, ki\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m th\u00e1i t\u1eed Vessantara, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, sau khi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u1ebft t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, v\u1ee3 con v\u1edbi 5 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t s\u1ebd sinh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea9u Su\u1ea5t ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft n\u00ean hi\u1ec7n xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129 xin lu\u00f4n v\u1ee3 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u00e0i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n ba-la-m\u1eadt cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t khi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec 10 ba-la-m\u1eadt, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho b\u1eadc si\u00eau ph\u00e0m, xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang n\u00e0o. H\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 10 ba-la-m\u1eadt, suy ng\u1eabm l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y ta n\u00ean tu t\u1eadp ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u00e0o, hay th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ba-la-m\u1eadt, m\u1ed7i th\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t \u00edt? Ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ta th\u1ea5y ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u00e0o ta y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t, khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec ta ki\u00ean tr\u00ec tu t\u1eadp, b\u1ed3i b\u1ed5 ba-la-m\u1eadt \u1ea5y? T\u00f9y. T\u00f9y m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00f9y c\u1ea3 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c. C\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y T\u00fac sanh truy\u1ec7n qua c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, v\u1ec1 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hu\u00e2n tu c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh: T\u00e2m ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea3ng, ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed3ng, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 n\u00fai kim c\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u1ea1i \u00f4n nhu, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c: T\u00e2m ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng trong, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 m\u00e1t, nh\u01b0 m\u1ea3nh l\u1ee5a m\u1ec1m \u2026 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>BA M\u01af\u01a0I B\u1ea2Y PH\u1ea8M TR\u1ee2 \u0110\u1ea0O<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><em>(T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n, T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac, Ng\u0169 C\u0103n, Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c, Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi, B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o)<\/em><\/strong><br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><a><\/a><strong>T\u1ee8 NI\u1ec6M X\u1ee8<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Catt\u0101ra &#8211; satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 <em>(Satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na) &#8211; <\/em>Sati l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m, v\u00e0 pa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na <em>(pa+c\u0103n <\/em><em>\u1e6dh\u0101), <\/em>ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb pa\u1e6d\u1e6dhahati n\u00ean pa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <em>\u201cch\u1ed7\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 <em>\u201cn\u01a1i\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 <em>\u201cv\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 <em>\u201cn\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n\u201d. <\/em>V\u1eady, satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na l\u00e0 4 ch\u1ed7 ni\u1ec7m, 4 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t, 4 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p s\u00e1t t\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0: Th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i kinh Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Kuru<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(C\u00e2u-l\u00e2u), <\/em>kinh v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00fang sanh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea7u n\u00e3o, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. \u00d0\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n? N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1ef7-kheo s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi; s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd tr\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi; s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m tr\u00ean t\u00e2m, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi; s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n \u1edf tr\u00ean ta \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd c\u00e2u quan tr\u1ecdng: <em>\u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh cho ch\u00fang sanh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ea7u n\u00e3o, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t, duy nh\u1ea5t?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ee5m&nbsp;&nbsp; t\u1eeb&nbsp;&nbsp; P\u0101\u1e37i&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>&#8220;ek\u0101y\u0101na&#8221;,&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>th\u00ec&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>\u201ceka\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>c\u00f3&nbsp;&nbsp; ngh\u0129a&nbsp;&nbsp; l\u00e0&nbsp;&nbsp; m\u1ed9t, v\u00e0 <em>\u201cayana\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1eady <em>&#8220;ek\u0101yana&#8221;, <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. <em>\u201cM\u1ed9t\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t; v\u00e0 <em>\u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d <\/em>c\u0169ng duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, minh s\u00e1t, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sanh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u. C\u0169ng duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 r\u1ebd n\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u1eb3ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><a><\/a>theo \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i, b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo kh\u00f4ng th\u1eddi gian, t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00f4m nay v\u1eabn y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady&#8230; cho nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1- K\u0101y\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na <em>(Th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9), <\/em>2- Vedan\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na <em>(Th\u1ecd qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9) <\/em>3- Citt\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na <em>(T\u00e2m qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9),<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4- Dhamm\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na <em>(Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u. <strong>I- Th\u00e2n Qu\u00e1n Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 <em>(K\u0101y\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa ni\u1ec7m, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, \u00e1p s\u00e1t v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 6 ch\u1ed7 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong><em>1-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>V\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra v\u00e0o <em>(\u0100n\u0101p\u0101nasati)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ecb t\u1ef7-kheo \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, hay \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng; ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, l\u01b0ng d\u1ef1ng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t. T\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u00edt v\u00f4; t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1edf ra, theo 4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi th\u1edf v\u00f4 d\u00e0i <em>(d\u012bgha), <\/em>tu\u1ec7 tri <em>(paj\u0101n\u0101ti) <\/em>\u0111ang th\u1edf v\u00f4 d\u00e0i. Khi <a><\/a>th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i, tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111ang th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i.<ul><li>Khi th\u1edf v\u00f4 ng\u1eafn <em>(rassa), <\/em>tu\u1ec7 tri <em>(paj\u0101n\u0101ti) <\/em>\u0111ang th\u1edf v\u00f4 ng\u1eafn.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi th\u1edf ra ng\u1eafn, tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111ang th\u1edf ra ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n <em>(sabbak\u0101ya-pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b<\/em>) khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc <em>(sikkhati). <\/em>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<ul><li>An t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh <em>(k\u0101yasa\u1e45kh\u0101ra-passambhaya) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. An t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 \u1edf ch\u00f9a, \u1edf t\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t, n\u01a1i hoang v\u1eafng, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00edt th\u1edf v\u00e0o ra y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u2013 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>V\u1ec1 4 oai nghi <em>(Catuiriy\u0101patha)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1n oai nghi \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i trong sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong khi tu t\u1eadp Th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c tu\u1ec7 tri hay ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c khi \u0111ang \u0111i, khi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng, khi \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i, khi \u0111ang n\u1eb1m \u2013 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>V\u1ec1 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 <em>(sabbakicca)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 khu bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i h\u01a1i th\u1edf, n\u01a1i t\u1ee9 oai nghi, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n nh\u01b0: b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, b\u01b0\u1edbc lui, co tay, du\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n, m\u1eb7c y, mang b\u00e1t, u\u1ed1ng, \u0103n, nhai, n\u1ebfm, \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec7n, ti\u1ec3u<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><a><\/a>ti\u1ec7n, m\u1edf c\u1eeda, \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda, khi n\u00f3i, l\u00fac im l\u1eb7ng&#8230; h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang l\u00e0m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c tu\u1ec7 tri, ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c \u2013 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>V\u1ec1 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>(Dvatti\u1e43s\u0101k\u0101rapatik\u016bla)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n c\u00f2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebfn ni\u1ec7m, b\u00e1m v\u00edu, luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i c\u00e1i th\u00e2n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3: t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da, th\u1ecbt, g\u00e2n, x\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u1eadn, t\u1ee7y, tim, gan, bao t\u1eed, l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch, ph\u1ed5i, ru\u1ed9t gi\u00e0 , ru\u1ed9t non, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c m\u1edbi trong d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, \u00f3c, ph\u00e2n, m\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e0m, m\u1ee7, m\u00e1u, m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u1ee1 \u0111\u1eb7c, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, m\u1ee1 l\u1ecfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u0169i,, n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edbt \u1edf kh\u1edbp <a><\/a>x\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u .<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>V\u1ec1 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i <em>(Catudh\u0101tu)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00e1n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ta hay c\u1ee7a ta, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 &#8211; ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda gi\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh! Khi 4 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y r\u00e3 ra th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho tro b\u1ee5i. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m n\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>V\u1ec1 10 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eed thi <em>(Asubha \u2013 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e2n qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 c\u00f2n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t <em>\u201cth\u00e2n ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n\u201d, <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n: \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft b\u1ecb qu\u0103ng v\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba. Quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i x\u00e1c t\u1eed thi t\u1eeb khi ch\u1ebft, r\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ed9 x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng, b\u1ed9t tr\u1eafng ra sao. N\u00f3 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c qua 10 t\u01b0\u1edbng sau \u0111\u00e2y: m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft, b\u1ea7m t\u00edm, ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u, ch\u1ea3y m\u1ee7, b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ee7ng, c\u00f3 gi\u00f2i, b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u00fac, b\u1ecb c\u1eafn x\u00e9, ph\u00e2n r\u00e3,, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n x\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eafng. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea3n t\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y <em>(tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n, nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean). <\/em>\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 <em>\u201cph\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d; <\/em>ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u00ecnh tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ghi d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n trong t\u00e2m, chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea7n sang quang t\u01b0\u1edbng, n\u1eafm b\u1eaft quang t\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed3i \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00eam: Tuy ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, minh s\u00e1t, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf nh\u01b0 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu h\u01a1i th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u01a1i-th\u1edf-\u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o ra li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, mi\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng xao l\u00e3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y 5 thi\u1ec1n chi ph\u00e1t sanh, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean<\/li><li>T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb nghi<\/li><li>Ph\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb s\u00e2n<\/li><li>L\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i <em>(tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb d\u1ee5c <em>(nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, minh s\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 tri theo h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o ra ng\u1eafn d\u00e0i th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i-th\u1edf-tu\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u, tr\u00e1n, \u00f3t, hai vai, l\u01b0ng, hai tay, b\u00e0n tay, b\u1ee5ng, m\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i, hai ch\u00e2n, b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y. C\u00e1ch quan s\u00e1t t\u1eebng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 an tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>\u201c- H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, t\u00e1nh sanh di\u1ec7t tr\u00ean th\u00e2n, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u1ed9i, ngo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, an tr\u00fa ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u00eat-b\u00e0n. V\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Th\u1ecd Qu\u00e1n Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(Vedan\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa ni\u1ec7m, \u00e1p s\u00e1t v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, tu\u1ec7 tri: t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd.<ul><li>Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, tu\u1ec7 tri: t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, tu\u1ec7 tri:t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tu\u1ec7 tri: t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tu\u1ec7 tri: t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tu\u1ec7 tri: t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tu\u1ec7 tri: t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/li><li>Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tu\u1ec7 tri:t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/li><li>Khi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, tu\u1ec7 tri: t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 9 th\u1ecd theo Nik\u0101ya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea7u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n. Khi th\u00e2n d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c, khi th\u00e2n kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, nh\u1ee9c, \u0111au th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5; khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd &#8211; c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd th\u1ee9 n\u0103m, l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 ni\u1ec1m vui n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c tinh th\u1ea7n ho\u1eb7c khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3i, kh\u00e1t, thi\u1ebfu \u00e1o m\u1eb7c&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u1ea7u, bi, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n hay thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd hay kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, th\u1ecd x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ecd th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 khi t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd hay l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong Abhidhamma th\u00ec t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 6 th\u1ecd: Th\u1ecd n\u01a1i th\u00e2n c\u00f3 3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3; v\u00e0 th\u1ecd n\u01a1i t\u00e2m c\u00f3 3 l\u00e0 h\u1ef7, \u01b0u, x\u1ea3. \u1ede n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c <em>(b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5 b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c) <\/em>th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3. \u1ede n\u01a1i t\u00e2m, kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng \u01b0u, v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1edfi h\u1ef7; v\u1eady n\u00ean khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u01b0u <em>(t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea5t kh\u1ed5, b\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c) <\/em>th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ecd h\u1ef7, \u01b0u, x\u1ea3 \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng; nh\u01b0ng khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu thi\u1ec1n, khi th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 <em>\u201can t\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n th\u00e2n\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i ti\u1ebfp qua th\u1ecd, th\u00ec trong thi\u1ec1n chi s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c <em>(t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m)<\/em>, do v\u1eady 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ecd, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012bti-pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc (t\u1eadp).<\/li><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c <em>(sukha &#8211; pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc <em>(t\u1eadp)..<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh <em>(cittasa\u1e45kh\u0101ra pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<ul><li>An t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh <em>(cittasa\u1e45kh\u0101ra pasambhaya) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. An t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 khi tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 2 thi\u1ec1n chi h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c ph\u00e1t sanh r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c; nh\u01b0ng h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi m\u1edbi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ecd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 h\u01a1i-th\u1edf-\u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua, <em>\u201cgi\u1ea3 l\u01a1\u201d <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u1ecd n\u00e0o kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o ra th\u00f4i. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang \u0111a ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 \u0111au, nh\u1ee9c, t\u00ea, ng\u1ee9a, n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh, c\u1ee9ng&#8230; n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n. V\u00e0, tu\u1ec7 tri lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec khi \u0111au \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u0111au <a><\/a>\u1ea5y: <em>\u201c\u0111au \u00e0, \u0111au \u00e0\u201d <\/em>r\u1ee9a th\u00f4i, ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c&#8230; m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i th\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u1ebft. C\u00e1c th\u1ecd kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? T\u1ea1i v\u00ec th\u1ecd c\u00f3 sanh th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, t\u00e1nh sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a th\u1ecd, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ecd. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, an tr\u00fa ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ni\u00eat- b\u00e0n. V\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt g\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">III-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u00e2m Qu\u00e1n Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(Citt\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa ni\u1ec7m, \u00e1p s\u00e1t v\u00e0o t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo kinh v\u0103n, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, minh s\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 tri t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 16 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m: tham, s\u00e2n, si, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si, t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n, qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, h\u1eefu h\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf khi ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m <em>(citta pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan <em>(abhi-pamodayacitta) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. Khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><li>V\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh <em>(sam\u0101dahacitta) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1edbi t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t <em>(vimocayacitta) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. Khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 4 ch\u1ed7 ni\u1ec7m, 4 ch\u1ed7 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, minh s\u00e1t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u01b0\u1edbc qua <em>\u201can t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201can t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh\u201d<\/em>, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i bi\u00ean ranh thanh t\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u00e2m qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi tu t\u1eadp, \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e2m \u1ea5y \u0111a ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y th\u00ec ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c s\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f4i khi t\u01b0\u1edfng tri v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c tri th\u00eau d\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea1ng ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n thu\u1ed9c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c tham. \u0110\u00f4i khi trong an t\u0129nh, thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, th\u1ee9 th\u00e1i, r\u1ed7ng l\u1eb7ng, \u00eam d\u1ecbu l\u1ea1i kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n <em>(t\u1ecbnh quang t\u00e2m s\u1edf). <\/em>\u0110\u00f4i khi t\u00e2m d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si <em>(c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4i, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f3 16 t\u00e2m trong qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m lu\u00f4n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, sinh di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 kinh v\u0103n, Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, t\u00e1nh sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, an tr\u00fa ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u00eat-b\u00e0n. V\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadt <a><\/a>g\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u00e1p Qu\u00e1n Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(Dhamm\u0101nupassan\u0101-satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa ni\u1ec7m, \u00e1p s\u00e1t, minh s\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh trong khi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ph\u00e1p &#8211; ph\u00e1p <em>(dhamma) <\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb P\u0101li r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 d\u1ecbch v\u00ec t\u00f9y theo ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh, n\u1ed9i dung gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 4 n\u1ed9i dung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t, ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u0101li v\u0103n trong tam t\u1ea1ng Kinh, Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Abhidhamma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hai, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y, tai nghe, m\u0169i ng\u1eedi, l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm, th\u00e2n ch\u1ea1m l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac, th\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Ph\u00e1p \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u1eeb h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i, m\u1ea3y l\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean h\u00e0, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ba, trong l\u1ee5c c\u0103n, l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p; nh\u01b0ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ecdng trong t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ta ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i <em>(Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y: Ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1 \u1ea3nh t\u1eed &#8211; c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea7n r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i trong t\u00e2m).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1n, c\u00f2n ph\u00e1p trong Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh khi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n, d\u00f9 thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00f3 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(anicc\u0101nupass\u012b ho\u1eb7c anicc\u0101- nupassan\u0101) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n, khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<ul><li>V\u1edbi ly d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(vir\u0101g\u0101nupass\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ly d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1edbi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(nirodh\u0101nupass\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<ul><li>V\u1edbi x\u1ea3 ly t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(pa\u1e6dinissagg\u0101nupass\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi x\u1ea3 ly t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(anicc\u0101nupass\u012b, anicc\u0101nupassan\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1edd minh s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t, di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i sanh, sanh di\u1ec7t mi\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00ean tu\u1ec7 tri, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edfng tri, th\u1ee9c tri c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n, minh s\u00e1t c\u00e1i ph\u00e1p \u0111ang x\u1ea9y ra, \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n, \u0111ang l\u00e0&#8230; sanh kh\u1edfi, \u0111ang l\u00e0&#8230; an tr\u00fa, \u0111ang l\u00e0&#8230; l\u1ee5i t\u00e0n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ly<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>d\u1ee5c<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>t\u00f9y<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>qu\u00e1n <em>(vir\u0101g\u0101nupass\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 <em>\u201cly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p\u201d <\/em>r\u1ed3i. V\u00e0 ngay khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec ngay gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ly d\u1ee5c. Ly d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 <em>\u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00e1i d\u1ee5c\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 ly. Trong c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb <em>\u201cvir\u0101g\u0101nupass\u012b\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec vir\u0101ga \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ham mu\u1ed1n\u201d; <\/em>v\u00e0 anupass\u012b ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, quan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">s\u00e1t. Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 sinh di\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 dukkha n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m b\u00e1m v\u00edu ch\u00fang n\u1eefa; nh\u1edd v\u1eady m\u1edbi ly tho\u00e1t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&#8211;<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>T\u1ecbch<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>di\u1ec7t<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>t\u00f9y<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>qu\u00e1n<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><em>(nirodh\u0101nupass\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t <em>(nirodha) <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. Khi minh s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng \u2013 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, n\u01a1i v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng tham s\u00e2n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea7u ngu\u1ed3n th\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>&#8211; X\u1ea3 ly t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(pa\u1e6dinissagg\u0101nupass\u012b)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau khi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 g\u00ec h\u1ebft n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea3 ly, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cV\u00f4 th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d. <\/em>H\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac si\u00eau th\u1ebf ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t \u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e3 s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i d\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3i, l\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb, bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7 <em>(h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Khi b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, ph\u00f3ng t\u00e2m <em>(tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed) <\/em>th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. V\u1eady, 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1eady, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 nghe m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ed7 tai l\u00f9ng b\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m ph\u00e1t sanh b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i; n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd n\u1ed5i s\u00e2n&#8230; Minh s\u00e1t theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi \u1ea5y, t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, qua l\u00f9ng b\u00f9ng kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, qua b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2n&#8230; th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u1eb1m trong 12 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7&#8230; \u0111ang duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. V\u1eady, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p; qu\u00e1n ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, Ng\u0169 C\u0103n Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c, t\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n&#8230; n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng chi ph\u1ea7n trong 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn, t\u00e1nh sanh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, an tr\u00fa ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi hy v\u1ecdng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u00eat-b\u00e0n. V\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt g\u00ec \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, minh s\u00e1t th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111ang x\u1ea9y ra, \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti-dhamma), <\/em>m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf <em>(paramattha-dhamma). <\/em>V\u00e0 tuy c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp c\u1ea1n, s\u00e2u, th\u1ea5p, cao kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, c\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tam ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u2013 l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb tam \u0111\u1ed9c tham s\u00e2n si, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u2013 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>T\u1ee8 CH\u00c1NH C\u1ea6N<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Catt\u0101ra sammappadh\u0101na)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m trong 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o <em>(T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n, T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac, Ng\u0169 C\u0103n, Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c, Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi, B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o), <\/em>thu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf &#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5, m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tu t\u1eadp n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00edch m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eeb Nik\u0101ya:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n n\u00e0y. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00fd mu\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng cho sanh kh\u1edfi, tinh c\u1ea7n, tinh t\u1ea5n, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 sanh, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn, tinh c\u1ea7n, tinh t\u1ea5n, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00fd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho sanh kh\u1edfi, tinh c\u1ea7n, tinh t\u1ea5n, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng. \u00d0\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 sanh, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u00fd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m cho an tr\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng cho qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t (asammos\u0101ya), l\u00e0m cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00e0m cho qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, tu t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, tinh c\u1ea7n, tinh t\u1ea5n, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng. Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>N\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, nh\u01b0 s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u00f4ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u00f4ng, xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00d0\u00f4ng. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, t\u1ef7-kheo tu t\u1eadp b\u1ed1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n b\u1ed1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n, thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, xu\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh <em>(\u00c1c v\u1ecb sanh, s\u1eed <\/em><em>b\u1ea5t sanh).<\/em><\/li><li>C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n khi c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u00e3y di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn n\u00f3 <em>(\u00c1c d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed <\/em><em>tr\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n).<\/em><\/li><li>C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n khi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh th\u00ec h\u00e3y khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh <em>(Thi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb sanh, s\u1eed ph\u00e1t sanh).<\/em><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n khi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(Thi\u1ec7n d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn ngang \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 s\u01a1 c\u0103n, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai v\u1ebf: \u00c1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n. \u00c1c th\u00ec ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb; thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh. N\u1ed9i dung \u1ea5y c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0: Ch\u01b0 \u00e1c m\u1ea1c t\u00e1c, ch\u00fang thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh (t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh) &#8211; l\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t cho h\u00e0ng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed tu t\u1eadp h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111i\u1ec1u hay, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 th\u1ebf gian v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o n\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u0103ng hoa cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan \u0111i, xua \u0111i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, phi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u00e0 th\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, tham s\u00e2n si nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft, tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u2013 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 62 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn thu\u1edf x\u01b0a &#8211; l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ecf\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 ph\u1ea1m l\u1edbn h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, x\u1ea5u \u00e1c nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1i g\u00ec th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ea3. Ai c\u0169ng c\u1ee9u chu\u1ed9c, c\u1ee9u r\u1ed7i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n n\u1eafm ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i trong tay c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, do v\u1eady, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1i, ph\u1ee7 b\u00e1c, chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, gi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u cho l\u00e0 \u00e1c, d\u1eef, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. C\u1eaft r\u00e2u t\u00f3c, c\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u, <em>\u201cc\u00e1t \u00e1i ly gia\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb9p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng, c\u1eaft t\u00f3c l\u00e0 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m t\u1ee7y cha huy\u1ebft m\u1eb9, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t hi\u1ebfu. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh v\u00ec t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i, c\u00f2n \u0110\u1ea1o Kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o <em>\u201cv\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01a1n\u201d!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c tri\u1ebft thuy\u1ebft, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft duy t\u00e2m, duy v\u1eadt, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o duy linh, duy th\u1ea7n c\u1ef1c \u0111oan &#8211; c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng <em>\u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ch\u01b0a th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ea3m n\u1ea1n, th\u1ea3m tr\u1ea1ng \u1ea5y. Ch\u00fang v\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o n\u00ean nh\u1eefng th\u00e2y ma, nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1eadc To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y, c\u00e1i <em>\u201cch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, r\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong 10 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 10 nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t, hay, \u0111\u1eb9p, thi\u1ec7n&#8230; l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh, l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u1ee3i c\u1ea3 hai. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, x\u1ea5u, d\u1eef, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai. V\u00e0 khi <em>\u201cquy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed9i\u201d <\/em>c\u0169ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 b\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Trong t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u do tam nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea5u, \u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea9u nh\u01b0ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c do th\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng \u00fd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u kh\u00f4ng tham d\u1ef1. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed9i <em>\u201c\u00fd\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec \u00fd, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra tranh c\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f2n tranh c\u00e3i v\u00ec th\u00e2n gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00e2n tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, th\u00e2n t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 &#8211; nh\u01b0ng \u00fd th\u00ec tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1ea9n k\u00edn kh\u00f4ng ai nghe, ai th\u1ea5y th\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed9i. M\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ea5t? Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00f4i l\u00e0 ta hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda cho c\u1ea3 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u2013 ch\u1ec9 do m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 x\u01b0\u1edbng, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do \u00fd, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4i! \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00fd! Hitler kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 tay gi\u1ebft ai nh\u01b0ng <em>\u201c\u00fd\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a y <em>(t\u1ed9i \u00fd) <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft h\u1eb1ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i! M\u1ed9t tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng duy v\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng duy th\u1ea7n \u2013 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00e1u l\u1eeda cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u2013 th\u00ec t\u1ed9i do <em>\u201c\u00fd\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f2a \u00e1n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t t\u1ed9i tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng chung chung, c\u00e1i kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1eadn c\u0103n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 &#8211; kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb t\u00e2m, t\u1eeb \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hai c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng 1 v\u00e0 2 x\u00e1c minh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u01b0 t\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u00fd b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a duy\u00ean. N\u00f3i, l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, ch\u1eb3ng hi\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>B\u00e1nh xe b\u00f2 k\u00e9o, kh\u1ed5 li\u1ec1n theo sau!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Manopubba\u1e45gam\u0101 dhamm\u0101 manose\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101 manomay\u0101,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>manas\u0101 <\/em><em>ce padu\u1e6d\u1e6dhena bh\u0101sati v\u0101 karoti v\u0101, tato na\u1e43 dukkhamanveti cakka\u1e43\u2019v\u0101 vahato pada\u1e43).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, t\u01b0 t\u00e1c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u01b0 t\u00e1c, ch\u1ee7 \u00fd b\u1eafc c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0a duy\u00ean.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>N\u00f3i, l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, thi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh d\u1ecdi b\u00f3ng, vui li\u1ec1n theo sau\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Manopubba\u1e45gam\u0101 dhamm\u0101 manose\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101 manomay\u0101,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>manas\u0101 <\/em><em>ce pasannena bh\u0101sati v\u0101 karoti v\u0101, tato na\u1e43 sukhamanveti ch\u0101y\u0101\u2019va anap\u0101yin\u012b).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">I- \u00c1c v\u1ecb sanh, s\u1eed b\u1ea5t sanh:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t tinh c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u \u00e1c ch\u01b0a sanh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u \u00fd ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o t\u1ed9i, ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n, th\u00e2n ch\u01b0a gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ebft v\u1eadt, ch\u01b0a c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, ch\u01b0a t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh; kh\u1ea9u ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2m x\u00f3c hai l\u01b0\u1ee1i, n\u00f3i th\u00eau d\u1ec7t, <em>\u2018\u0111\u00e2m b\u1ecb th\u00f3c, th\u1ecdc b\u1ecb g\u1ea1o\u201d, <\/em>th\u00eam m\u1eafm, th\u00eam mu\u1ed1i, ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i l\u1eddi cay chua, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9; \u00fd ch\u01b0a tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a si m\u00ea t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o 10 nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, khi ch\u01b0a t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c, \u00e1c ch\u01b0a sanh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft <em>\u201cc\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n, d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh&#8230; g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, thu th\u00fac, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u \u00fd\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec coi ch\u1eebng c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc m\u1ea7m, n\u1ea9y ch\u1ed3i r\u1ed3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng 116:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Mau mau l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Mau mau ng\u0103n \u00e1c ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. <\/em><em>T\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n th\u1eadt d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>N\u1ebfu ch\u1eadm thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p, \u00e1c ch\u1ed3i l\u00f3 ra!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Abhittharetha kaly\u0101\u1e47e p\u0101p\u0101 citta\u1e43 niv\u0101raye, dandha\u1e43 hi karoto pu\u00f1\u00f1a\u1e43 p\u0101pasmi\u1e43 ramat\u012b mano).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba n\u1ed5i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn l\u00e0m do tham lam, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea qu\u00e1 n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 con em c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng gia \u0111inh c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm cao \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n &#8211; s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t, c\u00e1i l\u00e0nh, c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t n\u00ean h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng, minh b\u1ea1ch \u2013 th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cd\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d <\/em>theo: Ch\u00ednh v\u0103n minh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt, k\u1ef7 c\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u \u00e1c gi\u00f9m cho h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ai t\u1eebng \u0111i du l\u1ecbch nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u00e3y x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn, x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng gi\u00fap nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 t\u00f9!<\/li><li>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m nh\u1eadn.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a r\u01a1i ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn l\u1ea1i.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, v\u00e0 ai tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp d\u00f9 t\u01a1 h\u00e0o c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t t\u1ed9i r\u1ea5t n\u1eb7ng.<\/li><li>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u1ea3 r\u1eebng hoa kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ebb, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea1p h\u00e0ng tr\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mua t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t xu. V\u00e2n v\u00e2n v\u00e0 v\u00e2n v\u00e2n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, thi\u1ebfu v\u0103n minh, v\u0103n h\u00f3a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c; n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c phi nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, ph\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn h\u00f3a, ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3i ngh\u00e8o&#8230; th\u00ec ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c, thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111en t\u1ed1i \u1ea5y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u1ec7 ha\u1ecb, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e0n tham s\u00e2n si, \u0111\u1ed5 tr\u00e0n b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c sinh ho\u1ea1t x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, ng\u00e0n ng\u1eeba khi nh\u00e0 t\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, x\u00ec ke, ma T\u00fay \u0111\u1eafm say gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb, \u0103n ch\u01a1i tr\u00e1c t\u00e1ng xa hoa c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, bia r\u01b0\u1ee3u ng\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u1ea1c, gian l\u1eadn b\u00e1n mua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed5 s\u00fay, tung h\u00f4? V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3, h\u00e0ng nh\u00e1i, \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng v\u1ea5y b\u1ea9n, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m t\u1eeb th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u1eadt u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 con tim, tr\u00ed n\u00e3o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1c b\u1ea5t sanh, s\u1eed v\u1ecb sanh: Kh\u00f3 thay! V\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee9 t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, t\u1ea1o duy\u00ean, t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n cho c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tha h\u1ed3 n\u1ea9y sanh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau, kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1- Gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i gia c\u01b0 s\u0129:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u1ecd c\u00f3 tam quy, ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>H\u1ecd tin v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u1ecd bi\u1ebft tr\u00e1nh xa c\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t sanh, s\u0103n b\u1eafn, gi\u1ebft th\u1ecbt; tr\u00e1nh xa vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed, s\u00fang \u1ed1ng; tr\u00e1nh xa vi\u1ec7c bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n n\u00f4 l\u1ec7, t\u00ecnh d\u1ee5c, tr\u00e1nh xa ch\u1ed7 r\u01b0\u1ee3u men, r\u01b0\u1ee3u n\u1ea5u, x\u00ec ke, ma T\u00fay, \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t&#8230; Lai c\u00f2n tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 \u0103n ch\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0ng \u0111i\u1ebfm, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00f4 b\u1ed5&#8230; ch\u1ec9 t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2- V\u1edbi sa-m\u00f4n tu s\u0129:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, ph\u00f2ng h\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 gi\u1edbi c\u01b0 s\u0129, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o gi\u00e1p v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p x\u00e2m h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u d\u1eef, \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 k\u1ec3, m\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u00e1t sanh c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 k\u1ec3; nh\u01b0ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt quy k\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec1u do t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c c\u0103n v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 t\u1ef7-kheo! Khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, tai nghe ti\u1ebfng, l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb, m\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m, \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u2013 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng chung, kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm gi\u1eef t\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n g\u00ec khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy\u00ean theo, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb sinh t\u00e2m tham \u00e1i, \u01b0u bi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p sanh l\u00ean, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean; n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 sanh l\u00ean, kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u2013 th\u00ec t\u1ef7-kheo li\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y, s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u0103n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, gi\u1edbi tu s\u0129, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o gi\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi b\u1ed5n.<\/li><li>Gi\u1edbi h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec l\u1ee5c c\u0103n hay l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c c\u0103n thu th\u00fac gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>R\u1ed1t r\u00e1o l\u00e0 c\u00f3 227 gi\u1edbi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp hay \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu, di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00e1c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t sanh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Qu\u00e1n 10 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1eed thi qu\u0103ng v\u1ea5t ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba.<\/li><li>Qu\u00e1n v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.<\/li><li>Qu\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i: C\u00e1i th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1eeda gi\u00f3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 ta, l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta.<\/li><li>Qu\u00e1n 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c: Th\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt nh\u1eddm g\u1edbm, b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec <em>\u201chay ho\u201d, \u201cth\u01a1m tho\u201d <\/em>m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i b\u00e1m v\u00edu, m\u00ea luy\u1ebfn c\u1ea3. Ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft xa l\u00e1nh c\u00e1i vi\u1ec7c lo cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n, n\u00e2ng niu, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n &#8211; m\u1edbi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb tr\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u1ed3m 40 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gom t\u00e2m, c\u1ed9t t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng cho ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea3y lung tung nh\u01b0 con tr\u00e2u hoang d\u00e3 \u0103n l\u00faa m\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2013 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n, thanh b\u00ecnh, t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh.<\/li><li>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7, thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec h\u1eb1ng quan s\u00e1t, minh s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n khi \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i, \u0103n n\u00f3i, ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9, \u0111\u01b0a tay, c\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng 361:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- L\u00e0nh thay! Th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9 ph\u00f2ng!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>L\u00e0nh thay! L\u1eddi n\u00f3i gi\u1eef kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecdng qu\u00e0ng! <\/em><em>L\u00e0nh thay! \u00dd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c r\u00e0ng!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e0nh thay! T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n ch\u1eb3ng l\u01a1i! T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eddi,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Canh ch\u1eebng m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m, kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, tr\u1ecdn m\u00ecnh!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(K\u0101yena sa\u1e43varo s\u0101dhu s\u0101dhu v\u0101c\u0101ya sa\u1e43varo, manas\u0101 sa\u1e43varo s\u0101dhu s\u0101dhu sabbattha sa\u1e43varo, sabbattha sa\u1e43vuto bhikkhu sabbadukkh\u0101 pamuccati).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">II-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u00c1c d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed tr\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tinh c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 sanh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00eca, t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft khi l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c, bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c \u2013 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft d\u1eebng tay, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m? Hay h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i x\u1ea5u, \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i \u2013 h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa, ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa&#8230; cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1i giam, nh\u00e0 t\u00f9, chung th\u00e2n, t\u1eed h\u00ecnh khi \u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0103n n\u0103n, h\u1ed1i c\u1ea3i?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i quan ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng, tay \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ee1 nh\u00fang ch\u00e0m r\u1ed3i \u2013 th\u00ec d\u00ednh th\u00eam c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sao; v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c v\u1ea5y th\u00eam t\u1ed9i \u00e1c! Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba x\u1ea5u \u00e1c th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt s\u1ebd tr\u1eebng tr\u1ecb h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y th\u00eam nh\u00e0 t\u00f9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng: X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o xem nh\u1eb9 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n thi\u00eang li\u00eang cao qu\u00fd m\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y theo ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, danh l\u1ee3i \u2013 th\u00ec x\u00e3 h\u1ed9 \u1ea5y, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u00ednh s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, coi t\u00e2m h\u01a1n v\u1eadt, l\u1ea5y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, <em>\u201ch\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u01a1n <em>\u201cb\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t\u201d- <\/em>th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ef1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f2ng ch\u1ed1ng, ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba, \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt! Ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Bhutan thanh b\u00ecnh, xanh s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb tr\u00ed, tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, v\u0103n h\u00f3a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 &#8211; m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt r\u1ea5t t\u00edn th\u00e0nh, r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1ng cho c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng t\u0103ng l\u1eef. Nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng 173:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0nh.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>X\u00f3a m\u1edd \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 sanh thu\u1edf n\u00e0o. <\/em><em>Tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n lao.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tr\u1eddi quang, m\u00e2y t\u1ea1nh, tr\u0103ng sao \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Yassa p\u0101pa\u1e43 kata\u1e43 kamma\u1e43 kusalena pidh\u012byati, soma\u1e43 loka\u1e43 pabh\u0101seti abbh\u0101 mutto va candim\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1edf d\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady l\u00e0 do h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c h\u1ecd t\u1eebng l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee5 h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o nh\u00e3n ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i nh\u01b0 s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh&#8230; n\u00ean h\u1ecd gh\u00ea s\u1ee3. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, v\u1ec1 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sanh n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e2u 67:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- \u00c1c nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eb3ng l\u00e0nh. \u0102n n\u0103n, h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ebfn khi qu\u1ea3 d\u1eef ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u1ec7 tu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1eb7t, l\u1ea1y tr\u1eddi kh\u00f3c m\u01b0a!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Na ta\u1e43 kamma\u1e43 kata\u1e43 s\u0101dhu ya\u1e43 katv\u0101 anutappati, yass <\/em><em>assumukho roda\u1e43 vip\u0101ka\u1e43 pa\u1e6disevati).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft m\u1ed7i n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ecdc kinh s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1eeba b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m. Gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t t\u00f9y theo t\u1ed9i nh\u1ecf t\u1ed9i l\u1edbn. C\u00f3 t\u1ed9i b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t c\u1ea5m ph\u00f2ng. C\u00f3 t\u1ed9i b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch <em>\u201c\u00e1c d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed tr\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n\u201d <\/em>c\u1ea3..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a><a><\/a>III-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Thi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb sanh, s\u1eed ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tinh c\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n khi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh th\u00ec h\u00e3y khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, trong l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1! Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm l\u1eafm. Hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecf ra m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m x\u1ebb n\u00fai cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i t\u1edbi lui l\u00e0m \u0103n sinh s\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e2m th\u1ea7m v\u00e1 t\u1eebng \u1ed5 voi, \u1ed5 g\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ai bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, cao \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1n c\u01a1m t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n hai ba ng\u00e0n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, ch\u1ea9n b\u1ea7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, x\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1, nu\u00f4i tr\u1ebb m\u1ed3 c\u00f4i, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb t\u00e0n t\u1eadt, m\u1edf nh\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u00e3o, \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng cho kh\u00e1ch \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1edf qu\u1ea7y qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o ai c\u1ea7n th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea5y, ai kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m th\u00ec mang \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00eam. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa \u0111\u00f4-la di ch\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n cho c\u00e1c qu\u1ef9 t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u00e1 b\u1ecfn x\u1ebbn, \u00edch k\u1ef7 &#8211; bi\u1ebft noi g\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 ly, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ch\u0103ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3a hoa n\u1edf gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n s\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1ee9c tr\u00e1i tim nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o! V\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, d\u00f9 \u00edt d\u00f9 nhi\u1ec1u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn cho th\u1ebf gian m\u1edf m\u1ed1i thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 122:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- <\/em><em>N\u01b0\u1edbc r\u01a1i t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt gi\u1ecdt th\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Khe m\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u0103m n\u1ebbo \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh s\u00f4ng. <\/em><em>Ch\u00fat ch\u00fat vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n nh\u1eb9 b\u1ed3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Mai kia v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng tr\u00e0n!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(M\u0101vama\u00f1\u00f1etha pu\u00f1\u00f1assa na ma\u1e43 ta\u1e43 \u0101gamissati, udabindunip\u0101tena udakumbho pi p\u016brati, dh\u012bro p\u016brati pu\u00f1\u00f1assa thokathokampi \u0101cina\u1e43).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 <em>\u201cc\u1ed1 <\/em><em>g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n khi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh th\u00ec h\u00e3y khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1- Gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp nh\u1edd thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7, tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, thi\u1ec7n duy\u00ean \u2013 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y, kh\u01a1i g\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t ch\u00fang ta. Trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp, th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Mah\u0101 Kassapa, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thanh ni\u00ean b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, l\u1ea1i coi th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi tu s\u0129. Tuy nhi\u00ean, thanh ni\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u00e1nh B\u1ea5t Lai, sanh trong giai c\u1ea5p th\u1ee7-\u0111\u00e0-la, l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 g\u1ed1m. Th\u1ea5y thanh ni\u00ean b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin Tam B\u1ea3o n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n b\u1ea3y l\u01b0\u1ee3t t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Mah\u0101 Kassapa; nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o thanh ni\u00ean c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: <em>\u201c\u0110\u1ebfn sa-m\u00f4n tr\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u\u201d <\/em>\u0110\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i, c\u01b0 s\u0129 th\u1ee3 g\u1ed1m t\u00fam \u00e1o, m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd l\u00f4i \u0111i, thanh ni\u00ean b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, m\u1edf l\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00e3n, v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, c\u01b0 s\u0129 T\u1ee9m \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u1eafm t\u00f3c k\u00e9o \u0111i r\u1ea5t c\u01b0\u1eddng li\u1ec7t, thanh ni\u00ean ch\u1ee3t ngh\u0129: <em>\u201cCh\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, b\u1ea1n ta m\u1edbi n\u1eafm t\u00f3c k\u00e9o l\u00f4i ta \u0111i m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng n\u1ec3 nang g\u00ec? Ta l\u00e0 ba-la-m\u00f4n, c\u00f2n y l\u00e0 d\u00e2n h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n, l\u1ea1i d\u00e1m coi th\u01b0\u1eddng ta, h\u1eb5ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean?!\u201d <\/em>Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, sau khi g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, thanh ni\u00ean t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng: <em>\u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t gia?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u1edd b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh, nh\u1edd thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c, thanh ni\u00ean b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta <em>\u201cthi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh\u201d <\/em>ngay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00fang nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 328:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Xa x\u00f4i v\u1ea1n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>K\u1ebft b\u1ea1n thi\u1ec7n s\u0129, ph\u00fac l\u00e0nh l\u1eafm thay! H\u1ecdc t\u00e2m, h\u1ecdc tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>An vui, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m &#8211; v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngay hi\u1ec3m ngh\u00e8o!\u201d (Sace labhetha nipaka\u1e43 sah\u0101ya\u1e43 saddhi\u1e43 cara\u1e43 s\u0101dhuvih\u0101ridh\u012bra\u1e43,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>abhibhuyya sabb\u0101ni parissay\u0101ni careyya tenattamano sat\u012bm\u0101).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch, t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c cho cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 con quy y Tam B\u1ea3o, gi\u1eef ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1, c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh, l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e2y lan \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00f4n \u1ea5p, x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng k\u1ec1 c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng tr\u00ec b\u00ecnh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. Ngo\u00e0i ch\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7t b\u00e1t ra, ch\u1eafc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1ea5y ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, h\u1ecd t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2- Tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, th\u1ea5y nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec. \u0110\u00e2u l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9 \u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ho\u00e0i nghi g\u00ec n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ef1 tri, t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 n\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m th\u1ecd tr\u00ec ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi. H\u1ecd th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft t\u00edch c\u00f3p cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 cho ai m\u1ed9t xu, m\u1ed9t c\u1eafc \u2013 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n xin, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ed5 ch\u00fat c\u01a1m, ch\u00fat \u00e1o. Khi cho \u0111i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m vui, m\u1ed9t h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u1edf trong \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay. H\u00f3a ra cho \u0111i c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, <em>\u201cchi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u01b0a h\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u1ea7n san s\u1ebb, chia s\u1ebb, \u1ee7i an. \u0110\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p d\u00f9 tinh th\u1ea7n hay v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, tinh c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho <em>\u201cc\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0a sanh khi\u1ebfn cho n\u1ea9y <a><\/a>sanh!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">IV-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Thi\u1ec7n d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi quen v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c v\u1ecb tha; ai c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n <em>\u201cc\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh\u201d <\/em>th\u00eam l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng d\u01b0ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t, thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eeb ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, cao c\u1ea3. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed m\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, \u0111\u00ea h\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00edch truy\u1ec7n thanh ni\u00ean b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9 ba-la- m\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac <em>\u201c\u0111i l\u1ea1c\u201d, <\/em>s\u1ed1ng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, sau nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n, thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 180 \u0111\u1ed9 quay v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi <em>\u201c\u0111i l\u1ea1c\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00e2m l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, do v\u1eady, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi. H\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u00e1c \u00e1o tu hay m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c b\u00ean trong m\u1edbi <em>\u201cth\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd!\u201d <\/em>L\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u \u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i v\u1ecf ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bi\u1ebft bao ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian do ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eeb l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, h\u1ecd sinh l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p sinh k\u1ebf d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 giai<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">c\u1ea5p x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y, nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y; h\u1ecd c\u0169ng s\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t \u1ea5y qua nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, qua nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u00e1c n\u00f4ng phu s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t chan h\u00f2a v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, <a><\/a>ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e1c, m\u1ed9c m\u1ea1c chia s\u1ebb s\u1eafn khoai. \u00d4ng t\u1ef7 ph\u00fa cho \u0111i g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft gia t\u00e0i. \u00d4ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng s\u1ed1ng d\u1ecb gi\u1ea3n, \u0111i chi\u1ebfc xe c\u00e0 t\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. C\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng <em>\u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c\u201d <\/em>khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u1ea5y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u0103ng hoa. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa cho tha nh\u00e2n, cho c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n, t\u0103ng l\u1eef v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c trang m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y nh\u1eefng t\u1ec7 n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3i b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n th\u00ec x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9, nguy nga, tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng thua g\u00ec cung \u0111i\u1ec7n. T\u0103ng l\u1eef th\u00ec ch\u1ea1y ch\u1ee9c, ch\u1ea1y quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng sinh ho\u1ea1t nhu\u1ed1m m\u00f9i danh l\u1ee3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ngo\u00e0i quy c\u1ee7 thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n. L\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi ch\u01a1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n <em>\u201ch\u00e3nh di\u1ec7n\u201d <\/em>ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn m\u00ea t\u00edn d\u1ecb \u0111oan. Hai h\u00e0ng c\u01b0 s\u0129 theo \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ec3 van v\u00e1i, c\u1ea7u xin th\u0103ng quan ti\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9c, mua may b\u00e1n \u0111\u1eaft, vinh th\u00e2n ph\u00ec gia, con c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea1t&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129, c\u01b0 s\u0129 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt ch\u01a1n ch\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft th\u1edf d\u00e0i nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3nh <em>\u201ct\u0103ng t\u00e0n ph\u00e1p m\u1ea1t\u201d. <\/em>C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi quan quay m\u1eb7t l\u00e0m l\u01a1. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nh\u1ee7 th\u1ea7m, ai l\u00e0m n\u1ea5y ch\u1ecbu, m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 m\u1eaft xanh \u00edt b\u1ee5i. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea7m l\u1eb7ng c\u0169ng c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u. V\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3 b\u00e3o c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1i t\u0103m m\u00ea cu\u1ed3ng v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ng\u0169 gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi, bi\u1ebft th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n, bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. <em>\u201cTh\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p kh\u00f3 nghe\u201d; <\/em>v\u1eady, c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u0169 quan, c\u00f3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ee9c B\u00f4-t\u00e1t ki\u1ebfp cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00ean \u0110\u1ea9u-Su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u00e0y gi\u00e1ng sinh m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1ea5t ngh\u1ecbch \u00fd hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecfng nghi\u1ec7p d\u00e0y. M\u01b0\u1eddi ba-la-m\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh trang t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i mang theo, ph\u1ea3i t\u00edch l\u0169y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, b\u1ed5 T\u1ee9c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edbi s\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con thuy\u1ec1n qua b\u1edd gi\u00e1c. Do suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt ch\u01a1n ch\u00ednh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n gia \u0111\u00ecnh, huynh \u0111\u1ec7, b\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu v\u00e0 x\u00f3m l\u00e0ng n\u1eefa. Thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i lan t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng c\u00e2u 30.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh tinh c\u1ea7n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch cai qu\u1ea3n b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng. <\/em><em>Bu\u00f4ng lung thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 khinh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tinh c\u1ea7n m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Appam\u0101dena maghav\u0101 dev\u0101na\u1e43 se\u1e6d\u1e6dhata\u1e43 gato, appam\u0101da\u1e43 <\/em><em>pasa\u1e43santi pam\u0101do garahito sad\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u1edbi tu s\u0129 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa v\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3. Ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n th\u00ec quy m\u00f4 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, trang nghi\u00eam, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng xa hoa, ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u0103ng l\u1eef ph\u1ea3i g\u00ecn gi\u1eef s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n m\u00f4n, ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7, b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh, T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf. N\u1ed9i h\u00e0m \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng cao qu\u00fd, thi\u00eang li\u00eang \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 &#8211; n\u00ean m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1eb1ng xa r\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i; ph\u1ea3i n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tinh c\u1ea7n tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nhi\u1ec1u gian nan, th\u1eed th\u00e1ch \u1ea5y. Ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf huynh \u0111\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed3ng tu th\u0103ng hoa c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean, tinh c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 32:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- T\u1ef3-kheo vui th\u00edch tinh c\u1ea7n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>S\u1ee3 h\u00e3i ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, chuy\u00ean t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n thi\u1ec1n. <\/em><em>Kh\u1ecfi r\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecda xu\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u1ecb \u1ea5y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec1 b\u00ean Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Appam\u0101darato bhikkhu pam\u0101de bhayadassi v\u0101, abhabbo parih\u0101n\u0101ya nibb\u0101nass\u2019eva santike).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0 <em>\u201cthi\u1ec7n d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d <\/em>v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n, b\u1ed1n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, b\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, b\u1ed1n ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh &#8211; l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh trang t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00ean m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tu Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0n sau, b\u1ea5t ly, b\u1ea5t ho\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>T\u1ee8 NH\u01af \u00dd T\u00daC<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Catt\u0101ra &#8211; iddhip\u0101da)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac hay th\u1ea7n t\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb iddhip\u0101da <em>(Iddhi<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>+ p\u0101da). \u201cIddhi\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch: L\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u01b0 \u00fd, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n; c\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00f2n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. <em>\u201cP\u0101da\u201d <\/em>ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u00e2n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a: C\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng hay ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, t\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng <em>(c\u0103n b\u1ea3n) <\/em>v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u01b0 \u00fd <em>(th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ea3 to\u00e0n) <\/em>l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u1ea7n l\u1ef1c, th\u1ea7n T\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1- Chandiddhip\u0101da: D\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac. 2- V\u012briyiddhip\u0101da: T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac 3- Cittiddhip\u0101da: T\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4- Vima\u1e43siddhip\u0101da: Th\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac hay t\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n T\u1ee9c \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp, hai h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, tu t\u1eadp t\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. Hai l\u00e0, tu t\u1eadp t\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sinh t\u1eed kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 ba, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n sau th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, h\u1ecd tu t\u1eadp th\u00eam t\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n T\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u00e9p hai v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c th\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh V n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ecb t\u1ef7-kheo th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, \u0111i tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng&#8230;, \u0111i tr\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9n th\u1ed5&#8230;, v\u1edbi tay s\u1edd m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi&#8230;, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n bay \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u00fd\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o, \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 \u00fd, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- &#8230; V\u1ecb t\u1ef7-kheo ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng: m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n&#8230;\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng, tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng, thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n th\u00f4ng, T\u1ee9c m\u1ec7nh th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn th\u00f4ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Do tu t\u1eadp l\u00e0m sung m\u00e3n t\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac n\u00e0y, tu t\u1eadp nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, th\u1eadt l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n, th\u1eadt ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn, th\u1eadt b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o, th\u1eddi n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp, hay ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebfp c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tu t\u1eadp gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Do tu t\u1eadp sung m\u00e3n T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac n\u00e0y, Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, Ch\u00e1nh \u00d0\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- C\u00f3 T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u1eefng ai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, theo Visuddhimagga, c\u00f3 5 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh <em>(pa\u1e6dipa\u1e6d\u1e6di dhamma) <\/em>hay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch do nh\u1edd T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1- Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p <em>(Abhi\u00f1\u00f1eyyesu <\/em><em>dhammesu abhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 siddhi).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c Siddhi\u201d <\/em>c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi <em>\u201ciddhi\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u; <em>\u201cabhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t; nhi\u1ec1u khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 th\u1eafng tr\u00ed th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t Abhidhamma. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, <em>\u201cabhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 siddhi\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 danh s\u1eafc, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9, gi\u1edbi&#8230; T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p <em>(sabh\u0101va-dhamma)<\/em>, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu <em>(paramattha-sacca).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2- Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p <em>(Pari\u00f1\u00f1eyyesu dhammesu pari\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 siddhi).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cPari\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o, r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. V\u1eady <em>\u201cpari\u00f1\u00f1\u0101 siddhi\u201d <\/em>h\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 kh\u1ed5, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5, s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u1edbng anicca <em>(v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng), <\/em>dukkha <em>(kh\u1ed5) <\/em>v\u00e0 anatt\u0101 <em>(v\u00f4 ng\u00e3) <\/em>c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00eca <em>\u201c\u1e6da\u1e45h\u0101\u201d <\/em>ba c\u00f5i; v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t 3 ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t <em>(Pah\u0101nabbesu dhammesu pah\u0101na siddhi).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cPah\u0101na\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf. V\u1eady <em>\u201cpah\u0101na siddhi\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n trong ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, d\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, d\u1eadp t\u1eaft, \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb <em>\u201c\u1e6da\u1e45h\u0101\u201d <\/em>trong ba c\u00f5i: D\u1ee5c \u00e1i <em>(k\u0101ma\u1e6da\u1e45h\u0101), <\/em>d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi; h\u1eefu \u00e1i <em>(bhava\u1e6da\u1e45h\u0101), <\/em>s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi; v\u00e0 phi h\u1eefu \u00e1i <em>(abhava\u1e6da\u1e45h\u0101), <\/em>v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch <em>\u201cpah\u0101na siddhi\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o <em>(kilesa), <\/em>nh\u1eefng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu: Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn <em>(sak\u0101ya-di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi) <\/em>ho\u00e0i nghi <em>(vicikicch\u0101), <\/em>v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 <em>(s\u012blappa\u1e6d\u1e6dapam\u0101r\u0101sa) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n <em>(sot\u0101panna), <\/em>th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 si\u00eau th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Sacchik\u0101\u1e6dabbesu dhammesu sacchikiriy\u0101 siddhi).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cSacchikiriy\u0101\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ea5u r\u00f5, \u0111\u00e3 qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do v\u1eady <em>\u201csacchikiriy\u0101 siddhi\u201d <\/em>h\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 si\u00eau th\u1ebf, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n <em>(Bh\u0101ve\u1e6dabbesu dhammesu <\/em><em>bh\u0101van\u0101 siddhi).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cBh\u0101van\u0101\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n, tinh c\u1ea7n tham thi\u1ec1n. V\u1eady, <em>\u201cbh\u0101van\u0101 siddhi\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng trong s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u1edd tham thi\u1ec1n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tu t\u1eadp <em>(sikkh\u0101 &#8211; ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc) <\/em>l\u00e0 tinh c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh tu\u1ec7, b\u00e1t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; N\u00e0y ch\u01b0 t\u1ef7-kheo! C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n, s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1edd n\u00e0y sang b\u1edd kia. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu t\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh. Tu t\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh. Tu t\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh. Tu t\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1eebng Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>D\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac <em>(Chandiddhip\u0101da)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cChanda\u201d <\/em>tuy d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 <em>\u201cd\u1ee5c\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tham d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1t th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u00f3i th\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0103n, mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0, mu\u1ed1n ch\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh hoa&#8230; Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi <em>\u201cchanda\u201d <\/em>\u0111i <em>v\u1edbi \u201ciddhip\u0101da\u201d, <\/em>\u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n <em>(d\u1ee5c) <\/em>\u1ea5y tu t\u1eadp c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh tinh c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec lay chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i. Do v\u1eady, v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y, D\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u nh\u01b0 \u00fd nguy\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u00f9 th\u1eafng: <em>\u201cTh\u00e0 ch\u1ebft c\u00f2n h\u01a1n s\u1ed1ng n\u1ebfu nguy\u1ec7n v\u1ecdng tha thi\u1ebft \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i minh h\u1ecda v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta sau s\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 b\u00ean s\u00f4ng Ni-li\u00ean, ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean n\u1ec7m c\u1ecf c\u1ea5t l\u1eddi th\u1ec1: <em>\u201c D\u00f9 th\u1ecbt n\u00e1t, x\u01b0\u01a1ng tan, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, ta nguy\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea7y\u201d.<\/em><\/li><li>Nh\u01b0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh di m\u1eabu Gotam\u012b, c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Yasodhar\u0101, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng Saky\u0101 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m th\u00e2n li\u1ec5u y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0o t\u01a1, c\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng l\u00e1 ng\u1ecdc&#8230; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, c\u1ea1o m\u00e1i t\u00f3c m\u00e2y, m\u1eb7c y v\u1ea3i th\u00f4 x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ea7n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t r\u01b0\u1edbm m\u00e1u, b\u1ed9 h\u00e0nh tr\u1ea3i qua 45 do-tu\u1ea7n m\u01b0a n\u1eafng, quy\u1ebft t\u00ecm \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i.<\/li><li>Nh\u01b0 5 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u1ecd trong m\u1ed9t truy\u1ec7n t\u00edch. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng leo l\u00ean n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 cao, qu\u0103ng b\u1ecf thang d\u00e2y v\u1edbi l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n: <em>\u201cN\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng <\/em><em>\u0111\u1eafc<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em><em> <\/em><em>th\u1eafng<\/em><em> <\/em><em>tr\u00ed,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0111\u1ea1o<\/em><em> <\/em><em>qu\u1ea3,<\/em><em> <\/em><em>th\u00e0<\/em><em> <\/em><em>ch\u1ebft<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u1edf<\/em><em> <\/em><em>\u0111\u1ec9nh<\/em><em> <\/em><em>n\u00fai<\/em><em> <\/em><em>n\u00e0y<\/em><em> <\/em><em>c\u00f2n<\/em><em> <\/em><em>t\u1ed1t<\/em><em> <\/em><em>h\u01a1n\u201d.<\/em><em> <\/em>V\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt v\u1eady, sau \u0111\u00f3 3 v\u1ecb ch\u1ebft v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng bay \u0111i, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb v\u1eeba \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng <em>(m\u1edbi xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n th\u00f4ng t\u1ecf c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu h\u1ecdc, mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, mu\u1ed1n t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ed5n, thanh b\u00ecnh, mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eafc s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n&#8230; mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i&#8230; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn D\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>D\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n phi th\u01b0\u1eddng; l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac <em>(V\u012briyiddhip\u0101da)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, nguy\u00ean l\u1ef1c phi th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c th\u00eam, tinh c\u1ea7n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5n trong T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec <em>\u201cTu t\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh tinh c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh\u201d, <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec lay chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp c\u00f3 T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1c nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u01b0\u01a1n h\u00e8n, y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch gian lao, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng ch\u00f4ng gai, c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c s\u0129 \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ki\u00ean tr\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00fat gi\u00e2y n\u00e0o th\u1ee5t l\u00f9i \u00fd ch\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng khi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t qu\u00e3ng ng\u1eafn, y s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 tung ra n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi v\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00edch. <em>\u201cKi\u00ean tr\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng <\/em><em>d\u00e0i\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 tinh c\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 t\u1ea5n \u2013 m\u00e0 <em>\u201cl\u1ea5y h\u1ebft n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda l\u00e0 b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh H\u1eefu H\u1ecdc, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 D\u1ef1 L\u01b0u n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Mah\u0101 Kassapa cho tham d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t sau ba th\u00e1ng Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ch\u1ec9 499 v\u1ecb, thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00fac s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Mah\u0101 Kassapa v\u1eabn c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft c\u1ea5m c\u1eeda b\u1eadc \u0110a V\u0103n! Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfm \u1ea5y, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m tinh c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 mong \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1edbm mai \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00eam t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea5n qu\u00e1 s\u1ee9c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n s\u00e1ng th\u00ec T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau hao h\u1ebft gi\u1ecdt n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u00eang l\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat. Ngay gi\u1ea5y kh\u1eafc \u1ea5y, gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc nghi\u00eang l\u01b0ng \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n r\u1ed3i n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n <em>(Chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng \u1edf <\/em><em>n\u01a1i n\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, nh\u01b0ng ai c\u0169ng th\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Mah\u0101 Kassapa c\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ebft c\u1ea5m c\u1eeda t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0100nanda v\u00ec ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 <a><\/a>sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, b\u1eadc \u0110a V\u0103n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n \u2013 v\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp do ng\u00e0i Up\u0101li tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea1ng Kinh c\u00f9ng n\u1eeda t\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma!).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>T\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac <em>(Cittiddhip\u0101da)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Citta, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 c\u0103n <em>\u201ccit\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129, suy ng\u1eabm, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, v\u1eady ci\u1e6d\u1e6diddhip\u0101da &#8211; T\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng l\u01a1i l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa suy ngh\u0129, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u00e0 D\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac v\u00e0 T\u1ea5n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Do T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac n\u1eb1m trong 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf n\u00ean t\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn kh\u1eafn kh\u00edt kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng l\u01a1i s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n t\u1eed sinh \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1, l\u00e0 th\u1eafng tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft-<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Cap\u0101la, kinh th\u00e0nh Ves\u0101li, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t sau ba th\u00e1ng n\u1eefa. Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng x\u00f4n xao b\u00e0n t\u00e1n v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n bu\u1ed3n n\u00e0y, r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd l\u0169 l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5, vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m ng\u00e0i. C\u00f3 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Tissa \u1edf g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3, suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: <em>\u201cV\u1eady th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, tinh c\u1ea7n, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m tu t\u1eadp, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xong ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi T\u00f4n S\u01b0 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t\u201d. <\/em>Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, Tissa kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 l\u1ef1a t\u00ecm n\u01a1i thanh v\u1eafng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng phu thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb trong T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111o\u00e0n t\u1ecf \u00fd ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Tissa v\u00f4 \u01a1n, b\u1ea1c ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: <em>\u201cKh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady! Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u00ednh, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh Nh\u01b0 Lai th\u00ec h\u00e3y nh\u01b0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Tissa n\u00e0y!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Tissa: <em>\u201cT\u00f4n k\u00ednh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0\u201d <\/em>r\u1ed3i <em>\u201cnh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m\u201d <\/em>tu t\u1eadp h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t &#8211; ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadt ra, s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao th\u1ea5p, s\u00e2u c\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c nhau, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u00e1c nhau, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong V\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1o <em>(pa\u1e6disambhid\u0101magga) <\/em>ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i <em>(vimu\u1e6d\u1e6di ka\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101) <\/em>c\u00f3 ghi r\u00f5 t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i-tho\u00e1t do \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 <em>\u201cgi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d <\/em>V\u00ed nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tu t\u1eadp t\u1eeb t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi s\u00e2n t\u00e2m.<ul><li>Tu t\u1eadp bi t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1eadn t\u00e2m.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tu t\u1eadp h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi ganh t\u1ecb t\u00e2m.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tu t\u1eadp x\u1ea3 t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t l\u00e0 ra kh\u1ecfi th\u00f9 o\u00e1n t\u00e2m. Hay:<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi n\u0103m ph\u00e1p c\u00e1i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea7m <em>(vi\u1e6dakka), <\/em>t\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Tam thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi h\u1ef7.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 th\u1ecd, l\u1ea1c th\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 <em>\u201cgi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, t\u00e2m ra kh\u1ecfi\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac. Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 mong mu\u1ed1n, tinh c\u1ea7n, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m tu t\u1eadp ra kh\u1ecfi <a><\/a>hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sinh, ra kh\u1ecfi tam gi\u1edbi, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n tho\u00e1t ly c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>Th\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac <em>(Vima\u1e43siddhip\u0101da)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vima\u1e43sa c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i cho ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t &#8211; nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 tu\u1ec7, hay qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01a1i l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0 duy <em>(t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Minh Ch\u00e2u), <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3 nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea9m l\u1ef1, th\u1ea9m s\u00e1t n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi \u0111i qua ba Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac d\u1ee5c, t\u1ea5n, t\u00e2m, ta th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh. T\u1eeb \u00fd mu\u1ed1n <em>(d\u1ee5c), <\/em>n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c cho \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y <em>(t\u1ea5n) <\/em>r\u1ed3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <em>(t\u00e2m) <\/em>th\u00ec Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 <em>(th\u1ea9m) <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1u th\u00e0nh. V\u1eady, th\u1ea9m l\u1ef1, th\u1ea9m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 tra x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, chu \u0111\u00e1o ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n <em>(L\u01b0u \u00fd: <\/em><em>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hay b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c t\u1eebng Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac m\u1ed9t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 g\u1eafn k\u1ebft li\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u00e0 <em>(d\u1ee5c) <\/em>th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ch\u1ea1y mua v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ch\u1eafc b\u1ec1n, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee3 th\u1ea7y gi\u1ecfi dang, d\u1ed3n m\u1ecdi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i <em>(t\u1ea5n), <\/em>sau \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(t\u00e2m). <\/em>V\u1eady, th\u1ea9m l\u1ef1, th\u1ea9m s\u00e1t l\u00e0 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t l\u1ea1i, quan s\u00e1t, tra x\u00e9t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n xem ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a. V\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a <em>(th\u1ea9m).<\/em>V\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean Th\u1ea9m Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n xem l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u1ea7y, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, tra x\u00e9t th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o 3 c\u00f4ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 r\u00fat kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Hai l\u00e0, minh s\u00e1t xem th\u1eed c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u u\u1ebf, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed <em>(k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u00f9y mi\u00ean ki\u1ebft s\u1eed) <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n hay \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4. B\u1edfi v\u00ec, Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 tu t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n <em>\u201c th\u1eadt l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n\u201d, \u201cth\u1eadt ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn\u201d, \u201c th\u1eadt nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n\u201d, \u201cth\u1eadt thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec. Tr\u00edch ph\u1ea9m T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Nh\u1eefng t\u1ef7-kheo n\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-kheo, do \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1eafng tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa v\u00f4 l\u1eadu t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n b\u1ed1n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ef7-kheo n\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7- kheo, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1eafng tr\u00ed ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa v\u00f4 l\u1eadu t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd tu t\u1eadp, nh\u1edd l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n b\u1ed1n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ef7-kheo n\u00e0o trong th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c t\u1ef7-<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>kheo, do \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi th\u1eafng tr\u00ed ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, v\u00e0 an tr\u00fa v\u00f4 l\u1eadu t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd tu t\u1eadp, nh\u1edd l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n b\u1ed1n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n d\u1ea1y th\u00eam:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tu t\u1eadp thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho ba ph\u00e1p Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u1edf n\u00ean sung-m\u00e3n \u2013 Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 (1\/4) Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c hai ph\u00e1p Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac, Nh\u01b0 Lai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 (2\/4) Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac. R\u1ed3i ba ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 (3\/4) Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac. C\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, sung m\u00e3n b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac, Nh\u01b0 Lai m\u1edbi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi To\u00e0n Di\u1ec7n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(adhipa\u1e6didhamma) <\/em>v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111i chung <em>(sahaga\u1e6daj\u0101\u1e6di) <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh <em>(trong 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c hay ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ee9 T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. Mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00e1c s\u0129, m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc&#8230; ai c\u0169ng \u0111i t\u1eebng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac n\u1ea7y. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc m\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh <em>(d\u1ee5c), <\/em>th\u1ee9 n\u1eefa ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c cho \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y <em>(c\u1ea7n), <\/em>ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>(t\u00e2m), <\/em>cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 xem l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh <em>(th\u1ea9m).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o, qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, h\u00e3y l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y tu t\u1eadp, d\u00f9 ch\u01b0a tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean v\u00e0 gieo duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong mai h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng xa v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>NG\u0168 C\u0102N &#8211; NG\u0168 L\u1ef0C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Pa\u00f1cindriya &#8211; Pa\u00f1cabala)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Indriya c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u0103n, g\u1ed1c, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu&#8230; Bala l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. V\u1eady Ng\u0169 C\u0103n l\u00e0 5 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, 5 y\u1ebfu <a><\/a>t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 khi m\u00e0 Ng\u0169 C\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho sung m\u00e3n th\u00ec s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean 5 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>T\u00edn C\u0103n <em>(saddhindriya) <\/em>v\u00e0 T\u00edn L\u1ef1c <em>(saddhabala)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Saddha l\u00e0 t\u00edn, l\u00e0 tin, l\u00f2ng tin, \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 saddha n\u00e0y th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec ra h\u1ed3n, ra d\u00e1ng. C\u00f3 saddha d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00edn C\u0103n <em>(saddhindriya); <\/em>c\u00f3 <em>\u201cindriya\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh n\u00ean c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cquy\u1ec1n\u201d <\/em>\u2013 T\u00edn Quy\u1ec1n <em>(Ng\u0169 C\u0103n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi Ng\u0169 Quy\u1ec1n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00edn L\u1ef1c <em>(saddhabala); <\/em>c\u00f3 <em>\u201cbala\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c, s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho T\u00edn Quy\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh T\u00edn L\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a t\u00edn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(saddha).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- T\u00edn \u1edf trong ng\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng <em>(nh\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a, l\u1ec5, tr\u00ed, t\u00edn) <\/em>c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 <\/strong><strong>t\u01b0\u1edfng Kh\u1ed5ng Nho.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1eefa ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 gi\u1eef tr\u1ecdn l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o l\u00f2ng tin v\u1edbi nhau; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9i \u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea5t t\u00edn. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1eef t\u00edn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m, t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Kh\u1ed5ng Nho n\u00f3i: <em>&#8220;Nh\u00e2n v\u00f4 t\u00edn, b\u1ea5t l\u1eadp&#8221;; <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef ch\u1eef t\u00edn th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3; \u00fd n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1ebf gian, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00edn trong ng\u0169 th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n theo quan ni\u1ec7m chung c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n minh tri\u1ebft \u0110\u00f4ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u00edn l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh, tin v\u00e0o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tin v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00edn.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong thi c\u1eed, tranh t\u00e0i th\u1ec3 thao, kinh doanh bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, ngo\u1ea1i giao, di\u1ec5n thuy\u1ebft, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, tranh c\u1eed, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o&#8230;; ai c\u00f3 ch\u1eef t\u00edn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00edn theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. T\u1ef1 tin l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e1 t\u1ef1 tin \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; \u1edf ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec t\u00edn \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3, tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng! B\u00ean sau t\u00edn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 si, m\u1ea1n, ki\u00eau v\u00e0 ng\u00e3; s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd coi khinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u00edn l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1i m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y, ch\u01b0a nghe&#8230; m\u00e0 v\u1eabn tin. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ki\u1ebfp sau&#8230; nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3. T\u00edn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, t\u1ea7ng m\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n linh, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1eadn m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00edn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c do s\u1ef1 k\u1ebf th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. Th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng b\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 tin n\u00ean con c\u00e1i tin theo. Th\u1ea5y ai c\u0169ng tin n\u00ean m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tin. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau ch\u1eef t\u00edn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. T\u00e0 t\u00edn \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c s\u01a1 khai, do s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i c\u00e1c th\u1ebf l\u1ef1c u minh, huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed kh\u00f4ng l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 sinh ra.<\/li><li>Tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh&#8230; T\u00edn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n, k\u1ebf th\u1eeba t\u1eeb truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd hay c\u1ea3 qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p, bi k\u00fd, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0 gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i h\u01a1n t\u00ed n\u1eefa c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tin n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tin nh\u00e2n-qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed9i-ph\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eddi kia; th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb gia \u0111\u00ecnh, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng hay t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u00edn l\u00e0 tin v\u00e0o c\u00e1i ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 suy lu\u1eadn, t\u01b0 duy, th\u1ea9m s\u00e1t, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m&#8230;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi t\u00edn n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb t\u00edn \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 3, h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, suy lu\u1eadn, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edn \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 4 n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng c\u1ea3 tin, tin du\u00f4i theo m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn kh\u1ea3 t\u00edn. T\u00edn n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00edn m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 K\u0101l\u0101ma. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i tin v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ngu\u1ed3n tin \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady n\u00e0o. V\u0103n r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0 v\u00e0 tu n\u1eefa. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm t\u1eebng \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ea1p t\u1eeb v\u0103n v\u00e0 t\u01b0; h\u1ecd chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, tu t\u1eadp. T\u00edn n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n s\u01a1 thi\u1ec7n; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 tu, ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5-&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u00edn c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh H\u1eefu H\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u1eafc 3 qu\u1ea3 th\u00e1nh Th\u1ea5t lai, Nh\u1ea5t lai v\u00e0 A-na- h\u00e0m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trung thi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 thanh khi\u1ebft do nh\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 xu\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y v\u1ec1 d\u00f2ng th\u00e1nh; c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u1eed sanh. Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tin \u1edf c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m, n\u01a1i tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">6-&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u00edn c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh V\u00f4 H\u1ecdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 t\u00edn c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1eadu thi\u1ec7n. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tin n\u1eefa v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p r\u1ed3i. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean thu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a ch\u00fang sanh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00edn n\u1eefa, m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00edn l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u nh\u00e2n thi\u00ean: T\u00edn, v\u0103n, gi\u1edbi, th\u00ed, tu\u1ec7. T\u00edn c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111i \u0111\u1ea7u trong 5 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n: T\u00edn, t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 &#8211; nh\u01b0 \u1edf b\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Nh\u1edd t\u00edn c\u00e0ng tu t\u1eadp c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00ean l\u00fac th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, nghi tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng, t\u00e2m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt h\u01a1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m <em>(n\u1ebfu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh) <\/em>v\u00e0 mau ch\u00f3ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p <em>(n\u1ebfu thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5n C\u0103n <em>(viriyindriya) <\/em>v\u00e0 T\u1ea5n L\u1ef1c <em>(viriyabala)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viriya l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n, c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean, d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, r\u00e1ng s\u1ee9c&#8230; T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 T\u00edn C\u0103n, L\u1ef1c; T\u1ea5n C\u0103n l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a T\u1ea5n th\u00ec T\u1ea5n L\u1ef1c t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho T\u1ea5n C\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 saddha, viriya c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1-&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u1ea5n trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e1i c\u1ea5t tay, nh\u1ea5c ch\u00e2n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 viriya tham d\u1ef1. \u0102n, n\u00f3i, \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u1ed3i, n\u1eb1m&#8230; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu t\u1ea5n. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u01b0u sinh, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, thi c\u1eed&#8230; n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5n v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp&#8230; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c&#8230; Do v\u1eady, t\u1ea5n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m s\u1edf trung t\u00ednh, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong 14 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u00e0 25 t\u1ecbnh quang t\u00e2m s\u1edf. M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m x\u1ea5u \u00e1c n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u \u00e1c \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean x\u1ea5u \u00e1c h\u01a1n, t\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u \u00e1c \u1ea5y h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u1ed1t \u1ea5y c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2-&nbsp;&nbsp; T\u1ea5n trong vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u0169ng l\u00e0 viriya<strong>, <\/strong>nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c \u1edf m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i, viriya mang nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">-T\u1ea5n trong 3 lo\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t <em>(tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n): <\/em>T\u1ea5n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh v\u00ec ch\u00fang sanh. Ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, theo h\u1ea1nh nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 an vui v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00fang sanh. C\u00e1c ng\u00e0i l\u0103n l\u00f3c sinh t\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 vi tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u h\u1eefu l\u1eadu; l\u00e0m vua ch\u00faa, \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n, tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3, ph\u00fa h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ee3i \u00edch v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch tinh th\u1ea7n cho ch\u00fang sanh. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c tu theo h\u1ea1nh n\u00e0y n\u00ean s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 2 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ee9c tin; v\u00e0 l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 4 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea5n trong T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n: T\u1ea5n n\u00e0y n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, l\u00e1nh \u00e1c; n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c xa r\u1eddi \u00e1c ni\u1ec7m, \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec7n ni\u1ec7m, thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/li><li>T\u1ea5n trong Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi: T\u1ea5n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 1 trong 7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 <em>(ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1ea3); <\/em>\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh. T\u1ea5n n\u00e0y \u0111i sau tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p; n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa. Nh\u1edd t\u1ea5n, nh\u1edd n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t ghi nh\u1eadn ph\u00e1p, an tr\u00fa ph\u00e1p; n\u00ean t\u00e2m s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ef7, an, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u00e1t-na \u0111\u1ecbnh hay phi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea5n trong T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac <em>(d\u1ee5c, t\u1ea5n, t\u00e2m, th\u1ea9m): <\/em>T\u1ea5n n\u00e0y \u0111i<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">sau d\u1ee5c. D\u1ee5c n\u00e0y thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u00fd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tu t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho d\u1ee5c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea5n trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o: N\u1ebfu tu t\u1eadp ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, <a><\/a>l\u00e0 1 chi ph\u1ea7n trong 8 chi ph\u1ea7n th\u00ec t\u1ea5n n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n \u1edf trong T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m gi\u1edbi-\u0111\u1ecbnh-tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec t\u1ea5n n\u00e0y h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy (cho tu\u1ec7); h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng <em>(cho gi\u1edbi), <\/em>h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea5n trong Ng\u0169 C\u0103n v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c, h\u00e0m t\u00e0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a v\u1eeba l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn, t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u00edn, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ea5n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc; h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 8 si\u00eau th\u1ebf t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>Ni\u1ec7m C\u0103n <em>(satindriya) <\/em>v\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m L\u1ef1c <em>(satibala)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Sati c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn, t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u1edb, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, ghi nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m&#8230; Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, sati &#8211; ni\u1ec7m, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ghi nh\u1eadn ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fa t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u1ec7m C\u0103n <em>(satindriya), <\/em>kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec7m; v\u00e0 Ni\u1ec7m L\u1ef1c <em>(satibala), <\/em>t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho Ni\u1ec7m C\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 saddha v\u00e0 viriya, sati &#8211; ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng h\u00e0m t\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- Ni\u1ec7m trong T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 <em>(th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n: Ni\u1ec7m 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng sati c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u tham d\u1ee5c, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n trong T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu, theo d\u00f5i, quan s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00e2n \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i, co tay, du\u1ed7i ch\u00e2n&#8230; thu\u1ed9c thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y cho r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tam t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc th\u00e2n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1eafc, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1eafc sanh, s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, sati \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh samm\u0101sati <em>(ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m), <\/em>l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c <em>(ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn) <\/em>n\u1eefa.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd: L\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u1edfi sanh \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m; \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, h\u1ef7, \u01b0u, x\u1ea3. Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ecd thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 danh ph\u00e1p; ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 danh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m: L\u00e0 ghi nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 tham th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tham, s\u00e2n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u00e2n. Ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean. T\u00e2m c\u0169ng thu\u1ea7n T\u00fay l\u00e0 danh ph\u00e1p.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p: Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 <a><\/a>danh ph\u00e1p.Ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 5 ph\u00e1p ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i <em>(5 tri\u1ec1n <\/em><em>c\u00e1i), <\/em>Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n, 12 x\u1ee9, 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi, T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- Ni\u1ec7m trong Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, an, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u1ea3; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 h\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong t\u00e2m b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eeba l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.1- N\u1ebfu Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n th\u00ec ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p&#8230; ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp cho thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp Ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1c Chi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. V\u1eady ni\u1ec7m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c th\u1eadp t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m, t\u00f9y theo ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">2.2- N\u1ebfu Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p&#8230; \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m; v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m: Ghi nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i, sinh di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00ec sau ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfu soi th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p \u0111i sau ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn hay t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c. R\u1ed3i t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7, c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u00ed. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1ea3 \u0111i sau l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u00e2m!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, ni\u1ec7m trong Ng\u0169 C\u0103n, Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m \u0111ang c\u00f2n tu t\u1eadp, n\u00f3 thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng lo\u1ea1i ni\u1ec7m 2.1 v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec7m lo\u1ea1i 2.2. \u0110\u1ebfn qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A- na-h\u00e0m, Ng\u0169 C\u0103n v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ec3 5 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. M\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m c\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh 4 con ng\u1ef1a kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 t\u00edn, t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p ng\u1ef1a 1. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tu t\u1eadp, n\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ea5n v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u1ed9i th\u00ec t\u1ea5n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb co r\u00fat l\u1ea1i. Ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1eb7p ng\u1ef1a t\u1ea5n, \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u. Con ng\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea1y nhanh th\u00ec gh\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i, th\u00fac h\u1ed1i t\u1ea5n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5n ch\u1ea1y nhanh th\u00ec gh\u00ecm t\u1ea5n l\u1ea1i, th\u00fac h\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean.<\/li><li>T\u00edn, tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u1eb7p ng\u1ef1a 2. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 t\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh, <a><\/a>n\u1ebfu t\u00edn nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec tu\u1ec7 s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat. N\u1ebfu tu\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u, qu\u00e1 s\u1eafc b\u00e9n, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec t\u00edn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb suy y\u1ebfu. Ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n c\u1eb7p ng\u1ef1a 2 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1eb7p ng\u1ef1a 1.<\/li><li><strong>\u0110\u1ecbnh C\u0103n <em>(sam\u0101dhindriya) <\/em>v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh L\u1ef1c <em>(sam\u0101dhibala)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh C\u0103n <em>(sam\u0101dhindriya)<\/em><em> <\/em>l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh; v\u00e0, \u0110\u1ecbnh L\u1ef1c <em>(sam\u0101dhibala) <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh cho \u0110\u1ecbnh C\u0103n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1n, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m t\u0129nh, b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng xao \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng, c\u1ea3nh tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c do tu t\u1eadp ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. R\u1ed1t r\u00e1o h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 chi\u1ebfu soi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh <a><\/a>gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eefu s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. T\u00f9y m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, c\u1ea1n hay s\u00e2u, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian 2, 3 gi\u1edd, cho ch\u00ed 5, 7 ng\u00e0y g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh c\u0103n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 do tu t\u1eadp hai lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o h\u01a1n, l\u00e0 5 b\u1eadc thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh si\u00eau th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafc 4 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 4 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n; c\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu vi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Tu\u1ec7 C\u0103n <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1indriya) <\/em>v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7 L\u1ef1c <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1abala)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tu\u1ec7 C\u0103n l\u00e0 1 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong 24 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh quang thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m, 15 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m, 12 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m v\u00e0 8 si\u00eau th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Tu\u1ec7 C\u0103n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, t\u1ed9i ph\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ea1t th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp, Tu\u1ec7 C\u0103n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00ed ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 si khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong 12 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh quang thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m c\u00f3 tr\u00ed. Trong 12 d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi t\u1ecbnh quang thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 C\u0103n.<\/li><li>Trong 15 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m, 12 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Tu\u1ec7 C\u0103n t\u00e2m s\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e0m tu\u1ec7.<\/li><li>Trong 8 Si\u00eau th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, Tu\u1ec7 C\u0103n n\u00e0y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101, thu\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb che m\u1edd ho\u1eb7c th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tam t\u01b0\u1edbng ho\u1eb7c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 danh, s\u1eafc; tu\u1ec7 n\u00e0y <a><\/a>s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, vi\u00ean m\u00e3n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Tu\u1ec7 C\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Tu\u1ec7 L\u1ef1c; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a 4 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, 4 Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u0169 C\u0103n v\u00e0 Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p quan tr\u1ecdng, c\u1ea7n y\u1ebfu trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a ta \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong c\u00e1c c\u00f5i; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ch\u00fang d\u1eabn ta \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ebfn b\u1edd gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sinh t\u1eed kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh 2 c\u1eb7p t\u00edn-tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><li>Khi chuy\u00ean tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eafc c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n, th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li><li>Khi chuy\u00ean tu thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tam t\u01b0\u1edbng, danh-s\u1eafc&#8230; th\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tu\u1ec7 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>TH\u1ea4T GI\u00c1C CHI<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Satta-bojjha\u1e45ga)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5; v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh ra nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh cho ch\u00fang sanh. Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y do d\u00e0nh cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u0103n c\u01a1, tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau; nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u00fang bao h\u00e0m, bao qu\u00e1t ho\u1eb7c t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nhau, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u1edf trong c\u00e1i kia, c\u00e1i kia \u1edf trong c\u00e1i n\u00e0y!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tu T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng trong T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean; trong \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u, th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u, tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u00f3i tu T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00f3i ph\u1ea3i <em>\u201cn\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, tinh c\u1ea7n\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, khi ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ebfn ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 minh s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 d\u1ea1y T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Khi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh tinh c\u1ea7n, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n. Khi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ea1o, <em>(magga), <\/em>ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1eady, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c; n\u1ebfu ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng, nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh gi\u00e1c th\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(satta-bojjha\u1e45ga).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ta th\u1eed kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 satta-bojjha\u1e45ga \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cSatta\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 7, s\u1ed1 7. <em>\u201cBojjha\u1e45ga\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 do t\u1eeb <em>\u201cbodhi\u201d <\/em>gh\u00e9p v\u1edbi <em>\u201ca\u1e45ga\u201d <\/em>m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. <em>\u201cBodhi\u201d, <\/em>ban \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u00ean c\u00e2y \u0111a \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ee5, n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u00e2m l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, sau n\u00f3 mang nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a: Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, gi\u00e1c, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9&#8230; <em>\u201cA\u1e45ga\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n. V\u1eady, satta-bojjha\u1e45ga l\u00e0 7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, 7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea3y y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(sati bojjha\u1e45ga).<\/em><ol><li>Tr\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1p Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(dhammavicaya bojjha\u1e45ga).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ol><ol><li>T\u1ea5n Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(v\u012briya bojjha\u1e45ga).<\/em><\/li><\/ol><ol><li>H\u1ef7 Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di bojjha\u1e45ga).<\/em><\/li><\/ol><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>An Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(passaddhi bojjha\u1e45ga). <\/em>6- \u00d0\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(sam\u0101dhi bojjha\u1e45a). <\/em>7- X\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(upekkh\u0101 bojjha\u1e45ga).<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ea3y Gi\u00e1c Chi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh khi \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m l\u1eafng nghe, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng l\u00e0m thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1n \u0111au v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ec7nh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng b\u1ed9 kinh k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Thu\u1edf n\u1ecd khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1 \u1edf v\u01b0\u1eddn S\u00f3c, Ve\u1e37uvana, th\u00e0nh R\u0101j\u0101gaha. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Mah\u0101 Kassapa, \u1edf t\u1ea1i Pipphali \u0111ang l\u00e2m tr\u1ecdng b\u1ec7nh. Bi\u1ebft v\u1eady, v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng, h\u1ecfi han:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>N\u00e0y Kassapa, b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? N\u00f3 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m? Bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i hay b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i?<\/em><\/li><li><em>B\u1ea1ch \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0, c\u01a1n \u0111au r\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng, bi\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i, ch\u1eb3ng thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i ch\u00fat n\u00e0o.<\/em><\/li><li><em>N\u00e0y Kassapa, \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 tu ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n h\u1ecfa v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. B\u1ea3y Gi\u00e1c Chi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u00d4ng h\u00e3y nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m l\u1eafng nghe.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd, chi ti\u1ebft t\u1eebng Gi\u00e1c Chi m\u1ed9t. Nghe xong t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Mah\u0101 Kassapa h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c d\u00e2ng tr\u00e0n, nh\u1edd v\u1eady, c\u01a1n b\u1ec7nh tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng tan bi\u1ebfn\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Moggallan\u0101 b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u01a1n \u0111au c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. V\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3o t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Mah\u0101 Cunda \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi cho ng\u00e0i nghe. V\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m, kh\u1ecfi h\u1eb3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do s\u1ef1 t\u00edch tr\u00ean m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Therav\u0101da, m\u1ed7i khi trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m b\u1ec7nh th\u00ec th\u00e2n nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ec9nh Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1 r\u1ed3i th\u1ec9nh qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng kinh Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi \u0111\u1ec3 mong ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh ch\u00f3ng thuy\u00ean gi\u1ea3m, mau l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1eb5ng trong ch\u00fang ta, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ho\u00e0i nghi, th\u1eafc m\u1eafc, r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 b\u00e0i kinh kia c\u00f3 oai l\u1ef1c g\u00ec m\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u1ec7nh cho hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i A- la-h\u00e1n; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh cho ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 n\u1eefa? Xin th\u01b0a, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hai v\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n h\u1ea3o Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng vi\u00ean m\u00e3n h\u01a1n th\u1ebf. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng, hai v\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ebfp t\u00e2m l\u1ea7n theo t\u1eebng \u00e2m, t\u1eebng ti\u1ebfng, t\u1eebng c\u00e2u, t\u1eebng ch\u1eef r\u1ed3i h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c len th\u1ea5m l\u1ee5c ph\u1ee7 ng\u0169 t\u1ea1ng, r\u1ee3n ng\u1ee3p c\u1ea3 ch\u00e2u th\u00e2n. M\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng an l\u00e0nh tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0o kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft, t\u0103ng sinh l\u1ef1c cho t\u1ef7 t\u1ef7 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o&#8230; th\u00ec nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n \u0111au b\u1ec7nh t\u1eeb t\u1eeb thua cu\u1ed9c r\u1ed3i bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u0111i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y nay, y h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n t\u00ecm v\u00e0o <em>\u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u00e2m linh huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed\u201d <\/em>n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ecb li\u1ec7u. Ai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc <em>\u201cN\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201cth\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d <\/em>do m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Nh\u1eadt B\u1ed5n c\u00f4ng phu nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u00ecm ra th\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng, minh th\u1ecb cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nguy\u1ec1n r\u1ee7a ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o ly n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 d\u1ecb h\u1ee3m, x\u1ea5u x\u00ed. M\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u00eau, tr\u00ecu m\u1ebfn hay n\u00f3i l\u1eddi c\u1ea3m \u01a1n v\u00e0o ly n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e2n m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u00e2n t\u1eed n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u00e2m th\u00f9 th\u1eafng \u2013 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u1eafng tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u2013 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7 A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ee9c Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c? H\u1ecfi t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1ed3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u t\u1eebng Gi\u00e1c Chi m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>Ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(satibojjha\u1e45ga)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u1ec7m <em>(sati) <\/em>l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh b\u1ea3y b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1c Chi r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Khi c\u00f3 <em>\u201cni\u1ec7m\u201d, <\/em>t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 <em>\u201cch\u00fa t\u00e2m\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ngay v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n phi\u00eau d\u1ea1t n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u01a1i kia n\u1eefa. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 <em>\u201cth\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 <em>\u201ct\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i\u201d, <\/em>th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111ang lang thang \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m h\u00ecnh s\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00f3ng kh\u00f3i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111ang m\u01a1 m\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m, cho b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng tr\u00f4i gi\u1ea1t v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n, danh v\u1ecdng, quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c, ca l\u00e2u, t\u1eedu \u0111i\u1ebfm, b\u00e0i b\u1ea1c, r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8&#8230; \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac, vong th\u00e2n, tha h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh <em>\u201ck\u1ebb l\u1ea1 m\u1eb7t\u201d <\/em>xa l\u1ea1 ngay ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t nguy\u00ean s\u01a1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ef1c th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb nan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o, ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1eddng \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: M\u1ed9t, l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; hai l\u00e0 b\u1ecf t\u00e0 theo ch\u00e1nh, \u0111i theo l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u1edbi 6 Gi\u00e1c Chi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Ni\u1ec7m an tr\u00fa v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc 4 ch\u1ed7, n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p trong T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, r\u1ed3i b\u00e0n giao cho tu\u1ec7 tri &#8211; th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c &#8211; b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p: N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 danh, s\u1eafc sinh di\u1ec7t; n\u00f3 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, dukkha, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3&#8230;<\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m t\u0103ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o <em>\u201ch\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh c\u0103n, l\u1ef1c trong Ng\u0169 C\u0103n, Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn \u1ed5n c\u1ed1, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn nh\u00ecn m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt qua \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft tinh anh, minh b\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p keo s\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m <em>(vitakka), <\/em>h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng; v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra), <\/em>gi\u1eef t\u00e2m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ph\u00e1t sanh h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0m b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebft c\u1ed1t v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c <em>(sampaja\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) <\/em>th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7, minh s\u00e1t <em>(vipassan\u0101) <\/em>th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p <em>(sabh\u0101va-dhamma) <\/em>c\u00f9ng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu <em>(paramattha- <\/em><em>sacca).<\/em><\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m <em>(sati) <\/em>ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, ch\u00fa m\u1ee5c, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m <em>(anussati), <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng, ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>\u201c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh\u201d <\/em>trong th\u1eadp t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m: Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng, ni\u1ec7m th\u00ed, ni\u1ec7m gi\u1edbi, ni\u1ec7m thi\u00ean, ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft, ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u01b0u \u00fd: Trong th\u1eadp t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m, 8 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n. Ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, n\u1ebfu tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ni\u1ec7m c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, kh\u1eafng kh\u00edt h\u01a1n &#8211; th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi <em>\u201csati\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201canussati\u201d <\/em>n\u1eefa m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 <em>\u201cappam\u0101da\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201cappam\u0101dena\u201d. <\/em>C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 appam\u0101da <em>(appam\u0101dena) <\/em>ngo\u00e0i ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u00fa ni\u1ec7m, ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m, ki\u00ean tr\u00ec, tinh c\u1ea7n, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ni\u1ec7m \u2013 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u01a1 l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng khinh su\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i&#8230; nh\u01b0 hai di hu\u1ea5n t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Di hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 S\u0101riputta v\u1edbi ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd th\u1ecb t\u1ecbch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- H\u00e3y ki\u00ean tr\u00ec chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ta\u201d (Samp\u0101de\u1e6dha appam\u0101dena esa me anus\u0101san\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Di hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1edd t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u00e3y ki\u00ean tr\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1edb c\u00f3 khinh su\u1ea5t, d\u1ec3-du\u00f4i\u201d (Vayadhamm\u0101 sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra appam\u0101dena sampade\u1e6dha).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong hai di hu\u1ea5n tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb <em>\u201cki\u00ean tr\u00ec chuy\u00ean <\/em><em>ni\u1ec7m\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201cki\u00ean tr\u00ec n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u00e1ng ra ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb <em>\u201cviriya\u201d (tinh c\u1ea7n, tinh t\u1ea5n) <\/em>nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 S\u0101riputta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb <em>\u201cappam\u0101da\u201d (kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i). <\/em>V\u1eady, <em>\u201cappam\u0101da\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a, ngh\u0129a tinh t\u1ea5n, ngh\u0129a chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp Ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1c Chi <a><\/a><em>(satibojjha\u1e45ga) <\/em>l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong thi\u1ec1n minh s\u00e1t <em>(vipassan\u0101) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p <em>(sabh\u0101va-dhamma).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>Tr\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1p Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(dhammavicaya bojjha\u1e45ga)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cVicaya\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm&#8230; nh\u01b0ng x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 <em>\u201ctr\u1ea1ch\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, chia ch\u1ebb&#8230; C\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 suy t\u01b0, kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng chi li, t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n <a><\/a>ch\u1ea5t. M\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00ec qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u00ean <em>\u201ctr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p\u201d (vicaya) <\/em>ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- Ph\u00e1p <em>(dhamma) <\/em>l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 C\u0103n<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc; tai nghe \u00e2m thanh; m\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng <em>(kh\u00ed, m\u00f9i); <\/em>l\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb; th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m <em>(\u0111\u1ecba, h\u1ecfa, phong) <\/em>th\u00ec ph\u00e1t sanh nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c. M\u1ed7i c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y, m\u1ed7i c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed7i t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ghi ch\u00fa v\u1ec1 <em>\u201cth\u00e2n x\u00fac\u201d: <\/em>X\u01b0a nay trong c\u00e1c Nik\u0101ya c\u1ee9 ghi l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u00e2n x\u00fac nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 x\u00fac c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Tuy nhi\u00ean, Abhidhamma cho ta bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 x\u00fac <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ecba, h\u1ecfa, phong\u201d. <\/em>Khi ta s\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5ng, x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00f4, c\u1ee9ng, nh\u00e1m, tr\u01a1n&#8230; th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5t <em>(\u0111\u1ecba); <\/em>c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u00f3ng, l\u1ea1nh, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c l\u1eeda <em>(h\u1ecfa); <\/em>c\u00e1i g\u00ec rung \u0111\u1ed9ng, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00e1i \u1ea5y thu\u1ed9c gi\u00f3 <em>(phong). <\/em>Ri\u00eang n\u01b0\u1edbc <em>(th\u1ee7y) <\/em>th\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1edd \u0111\u1ee5ng, x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft, k\u1ebft d\u00ednh l\u00e0m cho li ti c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c s\u1eafc ch\u1ea5t, s\u1eafc t\u1ed1 li\u1ec1n l\u1ea1c v\u1edbi nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a s\u1eafc, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a thanh, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed, m\u00f9i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba h\u1ecfa phong&#8230; th\u1eadt l\u00e0 bao la, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, v\u00f4 t\u1eadn. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i c\u1ecf, m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3y l\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n kh\u00f3i, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt s\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8230; r\u1ed3i sum la v\u1ea1n <a><\/a>t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, thi\u00ean h\u00e0, thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o&#8230; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 C\u0103n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ph\u00e1p <em>(dhamma) <\/em>l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd, <em>\u201c\u00fd x\u00fac ph\u00e1p\u201d<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu g\u1ecdn trong \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd c\u0103n: \u00dd x\u00fac ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh \u00fd th\u1ee9c, <em>\u201cc\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00fd v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi Ng\u0169 C\u0103n thu g\u00f3p, th\u00e2u n\u1ea1p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n th\u00ec ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i trao cho \u00fd th\u1ee9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u0169 C\u0103n l\u00e0 ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n <em>(s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, \u0111\u1ecba-h\u1ecfa-phong) <\/em>lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n; nh\u01b0ng khi \u00fd th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd th\u00ec ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u s\u00e1t-na tr\u00f4i \u0111i, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.V\u00e0 ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ng\u0169 th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh, m\u1ed9t kh\u00ed, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb, m\u1ed9t x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea1nh, s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm&#8230; n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 s\u1ebd l\u01b0u gi\u1eef m\u00e3i trong ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean; m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i, ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i, t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u1ed7i nh\u1edb, y\u00eau gh\u00e9t, h\u1eadn th\u00f9 hay tham s\u00e2n g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn cho d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u qua \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 <em>\u201cph\u00e1p\u201d <\/em>n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c H\u1ecdc: <em>\u201cTi\u1ec1n tr\u1ea7n l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1 \u1ea3nh t\u1eed\u201d. <\/em>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00f3ng ch\u1ebft <em>(\u1ea3nh t\u1eed) <\/em>c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea7n <em>(ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n) <\/em>r\u01a1i r\u1edbt <em>(l\u1ea1c t\u1ea1) <\/em>l\u1ea1i <em>(trong t\u00e2m).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hai c\u00e2u th\u01a1 c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ee9c kh\u00f3c B\u1eb1ng Phi s\u1ebd minh h\u1ecda cho ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 <em>\u201cph\u00e1p\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- \u0110\u1eadp c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh ra t\u00ecm l\u1ea5y b\u00f3ng, <a><\/a>X\u1ebfp t\u00e0n y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh h\u01a1i!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cB\u00f3ng\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201ch\u01a1i\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 \u1ea3nh ch\u1ebft r\u1edbt l\u1ea1c trong t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3-&nbsp;&nbsp; Ph\u00e1p <em>(dhamma) <\/em>l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, Tam T\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">X\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, sau Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 3 th\u00e1ng m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 tam t\u1ea1ng Kinh, Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Abhidhamma. X\u01b0a, t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ananda l\u00e0u th\u00f4ng tam t\u1ea1ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110a V\u0103n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 12 b\u1eadc Tam T\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf Myanmar, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t t\u1ea1ng, hai t\u1ea1ng; nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm c\u00e1i tinh y\u1ebfu, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>duy, c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp, kh\u1ecfi r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u00ea l\u1ed9, t\u00e0 l\u1ed9, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ph\u00e1p <em>(dhamma) <\/em>l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd <em>(sacca).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u xa, \u1edf ngay \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y <em>(kh\u00f4ng <\/em><em>gian) <\/em>v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd <em>(th\u1eddi gian).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd <em>(s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt) <\/em>\u1ea5y, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cAi th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai, ai th\u1ea5y Nh\u01b0 Lai t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p\u201d (Yo dhamma\u1e43 passati so ma\u1e43 passati. Yo ma\u1e43 passati so dhamma\u1e43 passati) <\/em>th\u00ec ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y n\u1eb1m trong 5 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh, trong b\u00e0i kinh m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng Nam t\u00f4ng t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y trong hai th\u1eddi kh\u00f3a. L\u00e0 <em>\u201csandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko\u201d: <\/em>Th\u1ea5y ngay, th\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. L\u00e0 <em>\u201cak\u0101liko\u201d: <\/em>Phi th\u1eddi gian, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian. L\u00e0 <em>\u201cehipassiko\u201d: <\/em>L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y. L\u00e0 <em>\u201copanayiko\u201d: <\/em>L\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00ean tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u00e0 <em>\u201cpaccatta\u1e43 veditabbo vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016bhi\u201d:<\/em><em> <\/em>L\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u, t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>(Xem th\u00eam \u201cQuy y Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o\u201d \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1ea5y ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c\u201d trong ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c, 5 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y r\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ph\u00e1p <em>(dhamma) <\/em>c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.1- Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf <em>(sammuti sacca): <\/em>L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt ngo\u00e0i m\u1eb7t, b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t; l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf gian. L\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau n\u00ean bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch quy \u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7, ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3 danh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti). <\/em>T\u1ea1ng Kinh v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i sammuti sacca n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5.2- Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a, th\u1eafng ngh\u0129a, ch\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebf <em>(Paramattha <\/em><em>sacca): <\/em>L\u00e0 v\u1eadt hay ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c c\u00f3, th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 trong \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, v\u1eadt hay ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu <em>(vijjam\u0101na-dhamma), <\/em>\u0111ang di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn, \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, nghe, ng\u1eedi, n\u1ebfm, s\u1edd v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady, <em>\u201cparamattha sacca\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c h\u1eefu, th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh. T\u1ea1ng Abhidhamma, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef <em>\u201cparamattha sacca\u201d <\/em>n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecda v\u00e0o 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ed5\u201d. <\/em>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 <em>\u201csammuti sacca\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 chi ph\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3\u201d. <\/em>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u n\u00f3i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 <em>\u201cparamattha-sacca\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi Tr\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1p Gi\u00e1c Chi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, bi\u1ebft nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1i, \u0111\u00fang sai, c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed \u1ea5y ch\u1ea1y theo danh l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c \u2013 do tham lam v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng chi ph\u1ed1i &#8211; th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u00fang, c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n n\u1eb1m trong t\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 quan. C\u00e1i tr\u00ed n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00e0 tr\u00ed. C\u0169ng l\u00e0 tr\u00ed \u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea1y theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01a1n l\u1ebd ch\u00e1nh, xa r\u1eddi x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t \u2013 th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n n\u00e2ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao h\u01a1n, c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng t\u1ecf th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u1ea7n minh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u01a1n \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c \u2013 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Tr\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1p Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(dhammavicaya bojjha\u1e45ga). <\/em>N\u00f3 c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t l\u00e0, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ch\u00e1nh, t\u00e0, thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, \u0111\u00fang, sai thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ebf t\u00ecnh <em>(sammuti-sacca) <\/em>trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m, gi\u1ea3 l\u1eadp <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1ati). <\/em>Tr\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1p Gi\u00e1c Chi tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n, gi\u00fap ta \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u00e1c, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hai l\u00e0, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, khi n\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, danh s\u1eafc&#8230; \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 t\u1ebf vi thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p <em>(sabh\u0101va-dhamma) <\/em>trong s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a <em>(paramattha-sacca). <\/em>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Tr\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1p Gi\u00e1c Chi m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng t\u01a1 m\u1ea3nh 01 s\u1eafc t\u1ebf vi c\u00f3 3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sanh, tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t <em>(up\u0101da, \u1e6dhi\u1e6di, bha\u1e45ga) <\/em>\u2013 ti\u1ec3u s\u00e1t-na sanh, ti\u1ec3u s\u00e1t-na tr\u1ee5, ti\u1ec3u s\u00e1t-na di\u1ec7t. N\u00f3 sinh di\u1ec7t qu\u00e1 nhanh. Nh\u1edd v\u1eady <a><\/a>m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i t\u1ebf s\u1eafc trong t\u1eebng s\u00e1t-na.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5n Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(viriya bojjha\u1e45ga)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu <em>\u201cni\u1ec7m\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, <em>\u201cph\u00e1p\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau th\u00ec <em>\u201ct\u1ea5n\u201d <\/em>c\u0169ng v\u1eady. T\u00f9y c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9, c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9, t\u00f9y ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 <em>\u201ct\u1ea5n\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a hay ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef m\u1ee9c v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5n trong T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 <em>(Catt\u0101ra &#8211; Satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y <em>\u201ct\u1ea5n\u201d <\/em>xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ng\u1ea7m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ni\u1ec7m. Trong sinh ho\u1ea1t h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, <em>\u201ct\u1ea5n\u201d <\/em>lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t khi ta nh\u1ea5c ch\u00e2n, nh\u1ea5c tay, b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, b\u01b0\u1edbc lui; v\u1eady khi ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m \u00e1p s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m g\u1eafn kh\u00edt v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 <em>\u201ct\u1ea5n\u201d <\/em>r\u1ed3i. T\u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, n\u00f3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ch\u00fa m\u1ee5c, c\u1ed1 s\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5n trong T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n <em>(Catt\u0101ra &#8211; Sammappadh\u0101na)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 <em>\u201cc\u1ea7n\u201d (appad\u0101na), <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fa m\u1ee5c, c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, si\u00eang n\u0103ng, c\u1ea7n c\u00f9&#8230; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i <em>\u201ct\u1ea5n\u201d (viriya) <\/em>v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c, tinh c\u1ea7n cao \u0111\u1ed9, \u00fd ch\u00ed ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8230; <em>\u201cAppad\u0101na\u201d <\/em>c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u1ea5n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5n r\u1ea5t nh\u1eb9, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i <em>\u201cappad\u0101na\u201d <\/em>c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng lung, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i&#8230;V\u1eady, <em>\u201cappad\u0101na\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 3 ngh\u0129a: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m cao \u0111\u1ed9, chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m, trong chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n r\u1ed3i. Hai, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean, ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, si\u00eang n\u0103ng. Ba l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt. V\u1eady, t\u1ea5n trong ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n n\u1eb1m \u1edf ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng <\/em><em>bu\u00f4ng lung, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 m\u0169i t\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5n trong Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac <em>(viriyiddhip\u0101da)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1ee5c Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd nh\u01b0 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c n\u00ean t\u1ea5n \u0111i theo sau kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 <em>\u201cviriya\u201d <\/em>b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa. <em>\u201cTu t\u1eadp Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5n-\u0111\u1ecbnh-tinh-c\u1ea7n h\u00e0nh\u201d, <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(sam\u0101dhi) <\/em>v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n <em>(appad\u0101na) <\/em>h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00ean s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1ea5y qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec lay chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5n trong T\u1ea5n C\u0103n <em>(viriyindriya)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy l\u00e0 t\u1ea5n <em>(viriya), <\/em>v\u1eabn c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(Xem th\u00eam Ng\u0169 C\u0103n, Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>T\u1ea5n trong Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n <em>(samm\u0101v\u0101y\u0101ma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cV\u0101y\u0101ma\u201d<\/em>, tinh t\u1ea5n, c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5n <em>(viriya) <\/em>nh\u01b0ng <em>\u201cv\u0101y\u0101ma\u201d <\/em>n\u1eb1m trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7. T\u1ea5n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh, l\u00e1nh \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt nh\u01b0 T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ea5n n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi y\u1ebfu th\u00ec s\u1ebd h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u00f3m gi\u1edbi <em>(ng\u1eef<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng); <\/em>th\u1ea5y nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u1ebfu th\u00ec h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh); <\/em>th\u1ea5y nh\u00f3m tu\u1ec7 y\u1ebfu th\u00ec h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho nh\u00f3m tu\u1ec7 <em>(ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 duy).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00f9y ph\u00e1p, t\u00f9y duy\u00ean, t\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea5n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c nhau cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n trong T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bu\u00f4ng lung, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt <em>(appad\u0101na) <\/em>m\u1edbi mang ngh\u0129a qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c t\u1ea5n kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh, ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c. Khi ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, th\u1eadp \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ea5n \u1ea5y gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c, th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c kia l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u00e1c h\u01a1n; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1ea5n \u1ea5y gi\u00fap cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t c\u00e0ng l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady n\u00ean, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u sai x\u1ea5u, nh\u00fang tay v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e0 Tinh T\u1ea5n <em>(micch\u0101v\u0101y\u0101ma). <\/em>C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh Tinh T\u1ea5n <em>(samm\u0101v\u0101y\u0101ma). <\/em>M\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra, <a><\/a>d\u00f9 t\u1ea5n v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a ra sao nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 T\u1ea5n Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(viriya bojjha\u1e45ga) <\/em>c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"I\"><li><strong>H\u1ef7 Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di bojjha\u1e45ga)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ef7 th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u. Ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, chung chung c\u1ee7a h\u1ef7 l\u00e0 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, l\u00e0 vui m\u1eebng, l\u00e0 h\u00e2n hoan, l\u00e0 hoan h\u1ef7. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111\u00f4i khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00e1i h\u1ef7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e1u, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 sanh m\u1ea1ng. Ch\u00fang v\u00ec h\u1ef7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c th\u01b0\u01a1ng lu\u00e2n, b\u1ea1i l\u00fd, \u00e1c \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n! V\u1eady, h\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian l\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 th\u00ec h\u1ef7 \u1ea5y thi\u1ec7n. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 th\u00ec h\u1ef7 \u1ea5y b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1eb3ng k\u1ec3 thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111i t\u00ecm h\u1ef7. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu ho\u00e0i ho\u00e0i m\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai ch\u1ecbu th\u1ea5u. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 th\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m ngh\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi n\u00f3 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, ch\u00e1n gh\u00e9t, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n, ganh g\u1ed7, ganh t\u1ef5, t\u1ef5 hi\u1ec1m, o\u00e1n th\u00e1n, t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, hi\u1ec1m h\u1eadn, hi\u1ec1m th\u00f9&#8230; Kinh khi\u1ebfp ch\u01b0a? Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh, l\u00e0 t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n, c\u1ee7a h\u1eadn. H\u1ef7 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec s\u00e2n v\u00e0 h\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt, t\u00f9y n\u01a1i, t\u00f9y ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 h\u1ef7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- H\u1ef7 <em>(Somanassa)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thu\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Tam B\u1ea3o; bi\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">chia s\u1ebb, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o \u0111\u00f3i. Khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y, t\u00e2m h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t hoan h\u1ef7. H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 <em>\u201csomanassa\u201d. <\/em>H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do khi \u1ea5y h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tham v\u00ec h\u1ecd <em>\u201ccho \u0111i\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, b\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n <em>(v\u00f4 tham). <\/em>H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t th\u00ec s\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t <em>(v\u00f4 s\u00e2n). <\/em>H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u00ed v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 <em>(v\u00f4 si). <\/em>Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi ch\u01b0a? Abhidhamma g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u1ef7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 3 nh\u00e2n: V\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si. Ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, thi\u00ean sang c\u1ea3, qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng v\u1eady!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2- H\u1ef7 <em>(P\u012b\u1e6di) <\/em>trong thi\u1ec1n chi.<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t khi tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 40 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00f9y c\u0103n c\u01a1, duy\u00ean ph\u00e1p, s\u1edf th\u00edch m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 d\u1ec5 an tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u00e0y h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c kia. Tuy nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn cho ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng. H\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n minh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1i th\u1edf, th\u00ec khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, ghi nh\u1eadn h\u01a1i th\u1edf r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng r\u1ed3i, l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n chi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m <em>(vitakka). <\/em>T\u1ea7m c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean <em>(th\u012bna-middha). <\/em>Khi t\u1ea7m thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 g\u1eafn kh\u00edt, \u00e1p s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra). <\/em>T\u1ee9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0i nghi, nghi ho\u1eb7c <em>(vicikicch\u0101). <\/em>Khi t\u1ee9 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012bti) <\/em>n\u00e0y s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. H\u1ef7 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u00e2n <em>(Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ef7, khinh h\u1ef7, quang h\u1ef7, h\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u h\u1ef7, sung m\u00e3n h\u1ef7) <\/em>r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, r\u1ea5t khoan kho\u00e1i. H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec s\u00e2n <em>(vy\u0101p\u0101da) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. S\u00e2n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>(vy\u0101p\u0101da), <\/em>c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 cao c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00e1c t\u00e2m, \u00e1c c\u1ea3m. R\u1ed3i tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 l\u1ea1c <em>(sukha) <\/em>xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i <em>(uddhacca &#8211; <\/em><em>kukkucca). <\/em>Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m <em>(ekaggata) <\/em>xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c <em>(k\u0101machanda). <\/em>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh <em>(up\u0101cara) <\/em>v\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(appan\u0101). <\/em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, 5 thi\u1ec1n chi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb, \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u00eca 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea7m <em>(vitakka)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>&#8211; h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean <em>(th\u012bna-middha<\/em>)<\/li><li>T\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>&#8211; nghi <em>(vicikicch\u0101)<\/em><\/li><li>H\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>&#8211; S\u00e2n (vy\u0101p\u0101da)<\/li><li>L\u1ea1c <em>(sukha)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>&#8211; Tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i <em>(uddhacca &#8211; kukkucca)<\/em><\/li><li>Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m <em>(ekaggata)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>&#8211; D\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c <em>(k\u0101machanda)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(5 <em>thi\u1ec1n chi)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; (5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3- H\u1ef7 <em>(P\u012b\u1e6di) <\/em>trong 6 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng <em>\u201cp\u012b\u1e6di\u201d, <\/em>do kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1nh l\u00ean th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 h\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n chi nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i <em>\u201cp\u012b\u1e6di\u201d <\/em>nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho ta d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, l\u00e2ng l\u00e2ng, \u0111\u00f4i khi say m\u00ea, th\u00edch th\u00fa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat, theo Abhidhamma, <em>\u201cp\u012b\u1e6di\u201d <\/em>n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong 6 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(pakinnak\u0101 cetasik\u0101): <\/em>t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, d\u1ee5c. T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean trong c\u00e1c t\u00e2m, ch\u1ec9 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 <em>(bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh). <\/em>N\u1ebfu h\u1ef7 n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m n\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5: 3.1- H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t h\u1ecda s\u0129 \u0111ang s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi y ch\u00fa t\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o h\u1ecda ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0o c\u00e2y c\u1ecd, v\u00e0o m\u00e0u s\u1eafc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i, qu\u00ean \u0103n, qu\u00ean u\u1ed1ng. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, y \u0111\u00e3 qua t\u1ea7m, qua t\u1ee9 m\u1edbi r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ebfn <em>\u201cp\u012b\u1e6di\u201d <\/em>n\u00e0y; c\u00f3 <em>\u201cp\u012b\u1e6di\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0m cho y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa, say m\u00ea qu\u00ean c\u1ea3 th\u1eddi gian. Qu\u00ean th\u1eddi gian bao l\u00e2u th\u00ec y \u0111\u00e3 <em>\u201cnh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m\u201d, <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d <\/em>b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. Ngay khi \u1ea5y t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 h\u1ecda ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. V\u1eady l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n chi v\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Tuy th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c \u1ea5y ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, \u0111\u01b0a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec thi\u1ec7n, n\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o th\u1ecb hi\u1ebfu dung t\u1ee5c th\u00ec b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ec7n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.2- Kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u xa l\u1ea1, ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa, say m\u00ea m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n. T\u00f4i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khi vi\u1ebft, b\u1edfi m\u00ea man theo t\u1eebng con ch\u1eef, t\u1eebng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1eddi gian qua nhanh kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng hay. Khi nghe g\u1ecdi d\u00f9ng c\u01a1m, th\u1eadt b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, th\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n c\u00f2n h\u01a1n! R\u1ed3i \u0103n c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, qu\u1ea5y qu\u00e1 v\u00e0i ba mi\u1ebfng cho nhanh, cho xong \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f2n th\u00ec gi\u1edd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u01b0 duy, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ebft. Xin th\u01b0a, nh\u1eefng khi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa, say m\u00ea l\u00e2u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.3- Ch\u00f9a HKST c\u00f3 CQ \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9. say m\u00ea c\u1eafm hoa. Khi mua hoa, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1eafm hoa \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Tam B\u1ea3o nh\u1eefng khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ec5, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 ch\u00fa t\u0103n m\u0103n, t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, chu \u0111\u00e1o t\u1eebng c\u00e1i hoa, t\u1eebng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc, t\u1eebng c\u1ee5m, c\u00e0nh, nh\u00e1nh&#8230; bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1ee9c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di) <\/em>n\u00e0y nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m m\u1edbi l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh, l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">3.4- M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa, say m\u00ea gi\u1ebft th\u1ecbt. M\u1ed9t t\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng t\u00edn h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa, say m\u00ea h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di) <\/em>n\u00e0y c\u1ea3, thu\u1ed9c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di) <\/em>n\u00e0y l\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1ebfu x\u1ea5u \u00e1c th\u00ec thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4- H\u1ef7 <em>(Mudit\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00e2u bi\u1ebfn, bao tr\u00f9m \u0111\u1ea7y kh\u1eafp t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian t\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed9c &#8211; v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m <em>(t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, x\u1ea3). <\/em>Ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec tu t\u1eadp mi\u00ean m\u1eadt, l\u00e2u d\u00e0i may ra m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ef7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n x\u1ea5u, \u1edf xa v\u00e0 \u1edf g\u1ea7n, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. B\u1ea1n x\u1ea5u gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp, \u1edf xa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ef7 \u1ed3n \u00e0o, t\u01b0ng b\u1eebng, th\u00f4 th\u00e1o, th\u00f4 tr\u1ecdc&#8230; c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian. B\u1ea1n x\u1ea5u tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, \u1edf g\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ganh gh\u00e9t, \u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, t\u1ef5 hi\u1ec1m. Khi h\u1ef7 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>(mudit\u0101) <\/em>xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n x\u1ea5u kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 dung th\u00e2n <em>(xem th\u00eam T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 h\u01a1n).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0, c\u00e1c h\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u1edbi ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n, say \u0111\u1eafm ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n&#8230; H\u1ef7 trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 c\u00f3, \u1edf b\u00ean trong, kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, ngo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt. H\u1ef7 <em>(somanassa) <\/em>do t\u00e2m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3; h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di) <\/em>nh\u1edd tu thi\u1ec1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3; h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di) <\/em>ti\u1ebfp theo, d\u00f9 \u0111\u1eddi hay \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 do s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o. H\u1ef7 <em>(mudita) <\/em>th\u00ec v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean <em>(\u0111\u1eafc T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m c\u1ed9ng tr\u00fa v\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di) <\/em>trung t\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0nh, t\u1ed1t khi h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n. 3 h\u1ef7 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu h\u1ef7 n\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 H\u1ef7 <a><\/a>Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(p\u012b\u1e6di bojjha\u1e45ga) <\/em>c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>An Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(Passaddhi-bojjha\u1e45ga)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cPassaddhi\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 y\u00ean l\u1eafng, y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam l\u00e0 khinh an, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, an t\u0129nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, theo Abhidhamma, <em>\u201cpassaddhi\u201d <\/em>l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m trong 25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u1ecbnh quang t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb9p, cao s\u00e1ng, t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0nh, thi\u1ec7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb) <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e2n-t\u00e2m-s\u1edf th\u01b0 th\u00e1i <em>(k\u0101yapassaddhi). <\/em>V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0 th\u00e2n-t\u00e2m-s\u1edf khinh an <em>(k\u0101yalahut\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n-t\u00e2m-s\u1edf th\u01b0 th\u00e1i <em>(k\u0101yapassaddhi): <\/em>T\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u0103n pa+sambh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho an t\u0129nh, y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng. N\u00ean c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu xu\u1ed1ng s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. N\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u00f3ng m\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y che cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt b\u1ecb m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi gay g\u1eaft thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t. \u1ede t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y n\u00f3 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi y\u00ean t\u0129nh, khinh an n\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh an <em>(passaddhi) <\/em>trong Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n-t\u00e2m-s\u1edf khinh an <em>(k\u0101yalahut\u0101): <\/em>Xu\u1ea5t nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb <em>\u201clahu\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, mau l\u1eb9. Lahut\u0101 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00f5m c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. N\u00f3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u1ef1 n\u1eb7ng tr\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng xu\u1ed1ng. Khi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t <em>\u201clahuta\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec s\u1ef1 n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1, th\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean <em>(th\u012bna-middha) <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3 hai t\u00e2m s\u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, an t\u0129nh, th\u01b0 th\u00e1i nh\u01b0 An Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(passaddhi-bojjha\u1e45ga); <\/em>n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i <em>(tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1) <\/em>v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t. Trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi 5 thi\u1ec1n chi <em>(t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, ph\u1ec9, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i <em>(h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m-th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean, nghi, s\u00e2n, tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i, d\u1ee5c). <\/em>Ta h\u00e3y xem: <em>\u201cl\u1ea1c\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb <em>\u201ctr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i\u201d <\/em>t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 <em>\u201cAn Gi\u00e1c Chi\u201d <\/em>c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi <em>\u201ctr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i\u201d. <\/em>V\u1eady, <em>\u201can\u201d <\/em>trong Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi v\u00e0 <em>\u201cl\u1ea1c\u201d <\/em>trong thi\u1ec1n chi c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m: nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, khinh an, th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, nh\u1eb9 t\u00eanh, nh\u1eb9 h\u1eabng. <em>\u201cAn\u201d <\/em>trong Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m an b\u00ecnh, s\u00e2u l\u1eafng v\u00e0 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201cx\u1ea3\u201d. <\/em>Th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eady, <em>\u201cl\u1ea1c\u201d <\/em>trong thi\u1ec1n chi c\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb an b\u00ecnh, y\u00ean l\u1eafng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n l\u00e0 <em>\u201cc\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201can ch\u1ec9\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt n\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c An Gi\u00e1c Chi n\u00e0y th\u00ec l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ecbnh quang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng c\u00f9ng xu\u1ea5t sinh; s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n t\u00e2m nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, th\u01b0 th\u00e1i&#8230; nh\u01b0 b\u1ecf g\u00e1nh \u0111\u00e1 tr\u00ean vai c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng n\u1eb7ng tr\u1ec7 trong t\u00e2m xu\u1ed1ng <em>\u201cl\u1eef qu\u00e1n\u201d <\/em>ven \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fa th\u00edch: Tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1. Tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed l\u00e0 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, lao xao, bu\u00f4ng lung &#8211; lu\u00f4n lang thang ho\u00e0i ni\u1ec7m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecdng m\u00f3ng, v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hay hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111ang ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, ham <a><\/a>m\u00ea, tr\u00f4i d\u1ea1t trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n. H\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 l\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n, ray r\u1ee9t, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>\u00d0\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(Sam\u0101dhi bojjha\u1e45a)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1eady th\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ea7y, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1, t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n, th\u1ee3 thuy\u1ec1n, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0, b\u00e1c s\u0129, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng <em>\u201cch\u00fa t\u00e2m\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 <em>\u201cluy\u1ec7n\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thu\u1edf c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng <em>\u201cluy\u1ec7n\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 hy v\u1ecdng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u00ed c\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean; c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 b\u00f9a ch\u00fa v\u00e0 th\u00f4i mi\u00ean c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c sai khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. H\u1ecd g\u1eb7p nhau m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m: th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm danh v\u1ecdng, l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Do m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t tham s\u00e2n si phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(micch\u0101-sam\u0101dhi).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh <em>(sam\u0101dhi) <\/em>l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9, an tr\u00fa v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m <em>(ekaggat\u0101), <\/em>b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng; n\u00f3 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi l\u0103ng x\u0103ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, trong 5 thi\u1ec1n chi th\u00ec <em>\u201cnh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m\u201d (c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9) <\/em>c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t <em>\u201cd\u1ee5c tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i\u201d. <\/em>Cho n\u00ean, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0: \u201c<em>Ly d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p\u201d. <\/em>V\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y quan s\u00e1t: M\u1ed9t ly n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u0103n t\u0103n giao \u0111\u1ed9ng gi\u00fap ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5u su\u1ed1t t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y. C\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eang chao th\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ee9ng y\u00ean kh\u00f4ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00eang chao l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u00ecn su\u1ed1t t\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1y, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 gi\u00fap t\u00e2m t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7: \u0110\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng sinh tu\u1ec7. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 n\u1ea7y. C\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ec7, ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c si\u00eau nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu l\u00e0m y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i r\u1ed3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tu\u1ec7 minh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t <a><\/a>tham s\u00e2n si phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(sam\u0101dhi bojjha\u1e45a) <\/em>v\u1eady!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>X\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(upekkh\u0101 bojjha\u1e45ga)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Upekkh\u0101 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eafc; n\u00f3 tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef g\u00ec; nh\u01b0 l\u00e1 sen cho tr\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9 trong hay \u0111\u1ee5c. L\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m an nh\u01b0, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, rung<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>\u0111\u1ed9ng, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh danh s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian <em>(a\u1e6d\u1e6dha-loka-dhamma), <\/em>g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t phong: \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>(l\u0101bha) <\/em>v\u00e0 m\u1ea5t <em>(al\u0101bha), <\/em>danh th\u01a1m <em>(yasa) <\/em>v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u <em>(ayasa), <\/em>ca t\u1ee5ng <em>(pasams\u0101) <\/em>v\u00e0 khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch <em>(nind\u0101), <\/em>h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac <em>(sukha) <\/em>v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 <em>(dukkha). <\/em>V\u00ed nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- V\u00ed nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Gi\u00f3 cu\u1ed3ng t\u00e1m h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec chuy\u1ec3n lay. Ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00ea d\u1edf, khen hay.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m chao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4i m\u00e0y tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Selo yath\u0101 ekaghano v\u0101tena na sam\u012brati, eva\u1e43 nind\u0101pasa\u1e43s\u0101su na sami\u00f1janti pa\u1e47\u1e0dit\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1eadc tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n <em>(pa\u1e47\u1e0dit\u0101) <\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Upekkh\u0101 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 4 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi; c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m. V\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng ta v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ta ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 X\u1ea3 Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(upekkh\u0101 bojjha\u1e45ga) <\/em>v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi <em>(satta-bojjha\u1e45ga), <\/em>7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1, 7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u2013 th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p; qua t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ebfn an, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp t\u1eebng Gi\u00e1c Chi m\u1ed9t, Gi\u00e1c Chi n\u00e0y thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c m\u1edbi tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e1c Chi kh\u00e1c? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp t\u1eebng Gi\u00e1c Chi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 khi b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ta tu t\u1eadp Ni\u1ec7m Gi\u00e1c Chi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Khi t\u00e2m tr\u00ed lao chao do t\u01b0\u1edfng tri v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c tri n\u00e3o lo\u1ea1n, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Tr\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1p Gi\u00e1c Chi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh &#8211; v\u00ec trong Tr\u1ea1ch Ph\u00e1p Gi\u00e1c Chi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy. Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh, c\u00f2n ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn trao qua. Khi bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c th\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u T\u1ea5n Gi\u00e1c Chi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, gi\u1eadn t\u1ee9c th\u00ec ta tu t\u1eadp H\u1ef7 Gi\u00e1c Chi; h\u1ef7 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00ec s\u00e2n v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t. C\u1ee9 tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 an, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, khi c\u00f2n \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 <em>\u201cnh\u00e2n\u201d, <\/em>c\u00f2n khi Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u r\u1ed3i &#8211; \u1edf trong t\u00e2m b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh A-la- h\u00e1n &#8211; th\u00ec Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 <em>\u201cqu\u1ea3\u201d. <\/em>V\u1eady n\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc L\u1eadu T\u1eadn, B\u1ea3y Gi\u00e1c Chi \u1ea5y lu\u00f4n c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong <em>\u201ct\u00fai\u201d, <\/em>khi c\u1ea7n Gi\u00e1c Chi n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i c\u1ee9 l\u1ea5y Gi\u00e1c Chi \u1ea5y ra <em>\u201cx\u00e0i\u201d; <\/em>x\u00e0i m\u1ed9t Gi\u00e1c Chi hay x\u00e0i c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3y Gi\u00e1c Chi \u0111\u1ec1u tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ec1u <em>\u201cho\u00e1t nhi\u00ean\u201d <\/em>v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i v\u1eady!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>B\u00c1T CH\u00c1NH \u00d0\u1ea0O<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(A\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45gika-magga)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb P\u0101\u1e37i A\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45gika-magga c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Chi \u0110\u1ea1o hay B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh Chi \u0110\u1ea1o <em>(ariya\u1e6d\u1e6dha\u1e45gikamagga); <\/em>t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 S\u1ef1 Th\u1eadt V\u1ec1 Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110i \u0110\u1ebfn N\u01a1i Di\u1ec7t Kh\u1ed5 <em>(Dukkha Nirodhamaggasacca), <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1t Chi \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi trung \u0111\u1ea1o <em>(majjhima magga), <\/em>v\u00ec l\u00eca<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">xa hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t <em>(ek\u0101yano maggo visuddhiy\u0101), <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9 hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1t Chi \u0110\u1ea1o c\u00f3 8 chi ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn <em>(Samm\u0101di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy <em>(Samm\u0101sankappa)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef <em>(Samm\u0101v\u0101ca)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p <em>(Samm\u0101kammanta)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng <em>(Samm\u0101-\u0101j\u012bva)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n <em>(Samm\u0101v\u0101y\u0101ma)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m <em>(Samm\u0101sati)<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><li>Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(samm\u0101sam\u0101dhi).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ngh\u0129a <em>\u201csamm\u0101\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn; th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 l\u00fac tu t\u1eadp, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c x\u1ea5u, c\u00e1i \u00e1c, c\u00e1i t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y, c\u00e1i s\u00e1i qu\u1ea5y? M\u1ed9t b\u00ean ch\u00e1nh, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean t\u00e0? Do v\u1eady, ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 8 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, sai qu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u00e1t t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o: T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn <em>(micch\u0101di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi), <\/em>t\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>(micch\u0101sa\u1e45kappa),&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>t\u00e0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ng\u1eef&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>(micch\u0101v\u0101ca),&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>t\u00e0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; nghi\u1ec7p <em>(micch\u0101kammanta),&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>t\u00e0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; m\u1ea1ng&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>(micch\u0101-\u0101j\u012bva),&nbsp; <\/em>t\u00e0&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tinh t\u1ea5n <em>(micch\u0101v\u0101y\u0101ma), <\/em>t\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m <em>(micch\u0101sati) <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(micch\u0101sam\u0101dhi). <\/em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean, t\u1eeb <em>\u201cmicch\u0101\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0 qu\u1ea5y, l\u00e0 t\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh <em>\u201cm\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d <\/em>trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, x\u01b0a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nay! V\u00e0 t\u1eeb <em>\u201csamm\u0101\u201d <\/em>\u1edf tr\u00ean c\u0169ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ngh\u0129a m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cBu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u h\u00f4m kia, ng\u1ed3i u\u1ed1ng tr\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u00ean am, nh\u00ecn sang b\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ed3i, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m m\u00f9 s\u01b0\u01a1ng len l\u1ecfi, u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa m\u1ea5y l\u00f9m c\u00e2y xanh r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ch\u00fang t\u1ea3n m\u00e1c l\u00ean r\u1eebng cao&#8230; T\u00f4i \u0111ang thanh th\u1ea3n th\u1ea3 t\u00e2m theo \u0111\u00e1m s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 \u1ea5y th\u00ec ch\u1ee3t ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau \u2018t\u1eafc k\u00e8, t\u1eafc k\u00e8\u2019 sau v\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m t\u00f4i \u2018t\u1ec9nh\u2019 l\u1ea1i. \u1ed2! C\u00e1i ch\u00fa t\u1eafc k\u00e8 to l\u1edbn c\u00e1c s\u01b0 mang v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb Ban M\u00ea Thu\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt t\u00f4i v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y, nghe \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 <em>\u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ef1c\u201d <\/em>\u0111ang duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi qua m\u1eaft, qua tai m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng kinh qua, chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, c\u00e1i nghe \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 ch\u01a1n, hay kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng ch\u01a1n? Th\u1eadt ra, khi th\u1ea5y, nghe c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111ang \u1edf trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i th\u01b0 x\u1ea3, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, l\u00fac \u1ea5y, theo Abhidhamma l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tham, s\u00e2n, si <em>(thi\u1ec7n) <\/em>ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si <em>(b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n). <\/em>L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>\u201cr\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf\u201d <\/em>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, chi ph\u1ed1i t\u00e2m ta \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh tham s\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng, gh\u00e9t. V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y nghe v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua \u00fd th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n trong s\u00e1ng; v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201csamm\u0101\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadt ra, <em>\u201csamm\u0101\u201d <\/em>c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i ra h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. <em>\u201cSamm\u0101\u201d <\/em>kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a ch\u00e1nh, ch\u01a1n, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u1ee5p b\u1eaft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a xen c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n <em>\u201cmicch\u0101\u201d? <\/em>Micch\u0101 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00e1c, t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y, s\u00e1i qu\u1ea5y m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n r\u1ebd, l\u00e0 r\u1eddi ra, ph\u00e2n ly, chia c\u1eaft, l\u00e0 chia manh x\u1ebb m\u00fan; l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i nhau, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau, tr\u00e1i ngh\u1ecbch v\u1edbi <em>\u201csamm\u0101\u201d <\/em>n\u1eefa v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e1t Chi \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o. H\u00f3a ra, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, l\u00fac \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o; \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc r\u1ed3i, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 si\u00eau th\u1ebf th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi g\u1ecdi B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1eefu vi, c\u00f2n sanh y <em>(sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a), <\/em>thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf; khi g\u1ecdi B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n v\u00f4 vi, kh\u00f4ng sanh y, thu\u1ed9c xu\u1ea5t th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li><strong><em>1-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em><\/strong><strong>Ch\u00e1nh<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>ki\u1ebfn<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><em>(Samm\u0101-di\u1e6d\u1e6dhi).<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong Trung b\u1ed9 kinh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 S\u0101riputta thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn, n\u1ed9i dung kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 <em>(tu\u1ec7 tri) <\/em>thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n&#8230;<ul><li>Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u0103n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0103n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u0103n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 si v\u00e0 c\u0103n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, v\u1eadt, th\u1ebf gian, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 T\u1ee9<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a <em>\u201ckinh \u0111i\u1ec3n\u201d <\/em>m\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u, c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i <em>\u201cth\u1ea5y\u201d <\/em>\u1edf tr\u00ean, l\u1ea5y g\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y? B\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft ch\u0103ng? N\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng m\u1eaft, th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y <em>\u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt, c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc &#8211; ch\u1ee9 l\u00e0m sao th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang, sai, ch\u00e1nh, t\u00e0, thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c, duy\u00ean sinh v\u00f4 ng\u00e3? \u1ed2, h\u00f3a ra c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u00fd th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0&nbsp;&nbsp; c\u1ea3 <em>\u201ctu\u1ec7&nbsp;&nbsp; t\u00e2m&nbsp;&nbsp; s\u1edf\u201d!&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, <em>\u201cdi\u1e6d\u1e6dhi\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u00e2u ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 <em>\u201cki\u1ebfn\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ea5y\u201d; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a: L\u00e0 l\u00f2ng tin, s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng; l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec1u, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd; l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft; l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 suy x\u00e9t, s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129, s\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00f3a ra, khi <em>\u201cki\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5y\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u1ea5y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c c\u0103n, l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ee5c th\u1ee9c <em>(t\u1ee9c 18 gi\u1edbi); <\/em>v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(n\u00f3 sao th\u00ec th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00fang <\/em><em>nh\u01b0 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0&#8230;): <\/em>Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<ul><li>Tai nghe \u00e2m thanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean): <\/em>Ch\u00e1nh v\u0103n<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>M\u0169i ng\u1eedi h\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean): <\/em>Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>L\u01b0\u1ee1i n\u1ebfm v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean): <\/em>Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u00e2n x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean): <\/em>Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u00dd bi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c <em>(nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean): <\/em>Ch\u00e1nh tri<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh v\u0103n, ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh tri; r\u00fat g\u1ecdn n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tri ki\u1ebfn hay ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngay ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y, v\u00ec c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u t\u1eadp kh\u00ed trong n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch l\u0169y t\u1eeb v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp n\u00f3 tr\u00e0o v\u1ecdt ra, n\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng duy\u00ean sanh l\u00e0m cho tham<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">s\u00e2n si n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n nay, do t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, do v\u0103n h\u00f3a c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebfu n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u00e2n v\u0103n, nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, do t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n v\u1eadt c\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft, ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn trong s\u00e1ng, nguy\u00ean s\u01a1, trinh tuy\u1ec1n<sup>(1)<\/sup> nh\u01b0 ngh\u0129a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u1eefa. Do v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, l\u00fac tu t\u1eadp, ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n xa l\u00e1nh, lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu vi n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y sai, th\u1ea5y l\u1ec7ch, th\u1ea5y nghi\u00eang, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda, th\u1ea5y ph\u00e2n r\u1eddi, th\u1ea5y chia manh x\u1ebb m\u00fan; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ch\u01a1n, c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, c\u00e1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 s\u1edd voi, ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3, \u0111\u00fang t\u1eeb c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi <em>\u201cth\u1ef1c-t\u1ea1i-to\u00e0n-b\u1ed9-con-voi\u201d! <\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y t\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i t\u00e0 \u1ea5y, c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p c\u00e1i t\u00e0 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt; r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ra s\u1ee9c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quan \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c \u1ea5y n\u1eefa, m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111ang l\u1ed9ng h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tung b\u1ee5i m\u00f9 x\u1ea5u \u00e1c v\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n sinh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1edf h\u01a1i.<\/li><li>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p, \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.<\/li><li>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, \u00e2n, hi\u1ebfu, ngh\u0129a, t\u00ecnh g\u00ec g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cha m\u1eb9, v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, con c\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 tr\u00f2 b\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7t, l\u00e0 m\u00e0n k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh.<\/li><li>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, cho r\u1eb1ng, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sanh g\u00ec h\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u00f3ng kh\u00f3i m\u00f9 s\u01b0\u01a1ng huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c s\u01a1 khai.<\/li><li>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3; l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba c\u00f3, v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng, l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng!<\/li><li>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec, c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i.<\/li><li>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, ki\u1ebfp kia, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> G\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng <em>\u201cm\u1ed9t\u201d <\/em>t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng: L\u00e3o T\u1eed n\u00f3i <em>\u201cKi\u1ebfn t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1c\u201d <\/em>&#8211; th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i trong tr\u1eafng, trinh tuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00e1i thu\u1ea7n ph\u00e1c! Ho\u1eb7c <em>\u201cX\u00edch t\u1eed chi t\u00e2m\u201d <\/em>\u2013 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m trong s\u00e1ng, h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9a con \u0111\u1ecf <em>(h\u00e0i nhi)&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n, m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1ea7u thai t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y sang ki\u1ebfp kia.<ul><li>Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tu s\u0129 t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc, ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 g\u00ec h\u1ebft. Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. A-la-h\u00e1n, Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c th\u1ebf gian, l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t, hoang vu, \u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n, b\u0103ng ho\u1ea1i. N\u00f3 thi\u00eau hu\u1ef7, \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n, nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n thi\u00eang li\u00eang, cao c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c. Ngo\u00e0i ra, r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, ki\u1ebfn ki\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, ki\u1ebfn hoang vu, ki\u1ebfn sa m\u1ea1c, ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, ki\u1ebfn r\u1eebng r\u1eadm \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y sai th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang, <a><\/a>c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y nghi\u00eang l\u1ec7ch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh ch\u01a1n, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ea5y ra m\u1ecdi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ea5y gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, gh\u00ea s\u1ee3 m\u1ecdi t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean th\u00ec t\u00e2m ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc sang l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i v\u1eady. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn n\u00e0y, nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, quan s\u00e1t, minh s\u00e1t n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p, gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u1eefu vi ph\u00e1p; \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y th\u00ec ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 tri r\u1ed3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy <em>(Samm\u0101sankappa)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb sankappa, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ai c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy <em>(suy ngh\u0129); <\/em>tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f9y theo v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh, ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ed1i c\u01a1 m\u00e0 sankappa c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129, l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. V\u1eady, ta c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb t\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ki\u1ebfn, th\u00ec ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy ph\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 3 t\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ba b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m <em>(akusalavitakka).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cVitakka\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m, l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm; tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 sankappa, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy t\u1ea7m, suy g\u1eabm n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u00eca xa 3 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n t\u1ea7m sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>D\u1ee5c t\u1ea7m <em>(k\u0101mavitakka): <\/em>L\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, suy ngh\u0129, ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy t\u1ea7m, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n nh\u1eefng ham mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c qua m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i v\u00e0 th\u00e2n. Khi \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong khao kh\u00e1t, tham mu\u1ed1n \u1ea5y; v\u00e0 do ch\u00fang d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, ta t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/li><li>S\u00e2n t\u1ea7m <em>(by\u0101p\u0101davitakka): <\/em>G\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ta ganh gh\u00e9t,<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0111\u1ed1 k\u1ef5, t\u1ef5 hi\u1ec1m; g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tr\u00e1i \u00fd, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed ta nh\u01b0 ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm trong nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8230; b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, ph\u1eabn n\u1ed9, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>H\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m <em>(vihi\u1e43savitakka): <\/em>T\u1eeb s\u00e2n t\u1ea7m \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 <em>(tu\u1ec7 tri) <\/em>th\u00ec t\u00e2m tr\u00ed s\u1ebd b\u1ecb nung \u0111\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng m\u01b0u k\u1ebf, th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecda h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, th\u00eam ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy ti\u1ebfp n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y <em>\u201ct\u01b0 duy ly d\u1ee5c\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb <em>\u201cd\u1ee5c t\u1ea7m\u201d, <\/em>l\u1ea5y <em>\u201ct\u01b0 duy ly s\u00e2n\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb <em>\u201cs\u00e2n t\u1ea7m\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y <em>\u201ct\u01b0 duy v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb <em>\u201ch\u1ea1i t\u1ea7m\u201d:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.1- T\u01b0 duy ly d\u1ee5c <em>(nekkhammak\u0101mavitakka)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, tham mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c l\u00fac xen d\u1ef1 v\u00e0o <em>\u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ea5y\u201d, <\/em>n\u00f3 s\u1ebd tung h\u1ecfa m\u00f9, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch chi\u1ec1u, l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy ly d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c t\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n <em>(s\u1eafc, thanh, <\/em><em>h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac), <\/em>thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>\u201cr\u1ea5t l\u1edbn\u201d <\/em><sup>(2)<\/sup> d\u1ec5 kh\u00edch th\u00edch, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn ta, n\u00f3 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ta t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc th\u00ec n\u00ean thu th\u00fac, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef <em>(gi\u1edbi) <\/em>hay tr\u00e1nh xa, vi\u1ec5n ly n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ly d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.2- T\u01b0 duy ly s\u00e2n <em>(nekkhammaby\u0101davitakka)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u00fd &#8211; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e2n si, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n qua th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. Do v\u1eady, ta ph\u1ea3i thu th\u00fac, g\u00ecn gi\u1eef, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch xa l\u00e1nh n\u00f3, vi\u1ec5n ly n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ly s\u00e2n &#8211; c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy v\u00f4 s\u00e2n. V\u00ec theo Abhidhamma, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u1eeb <em>(mett\u0101) <\/em>n\u00ean nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m t\u1eeb c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi t\u00e2m s\u00e2n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> Abhidhamma c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn 4 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, nh\u1ecf, l\u1edbn, r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn; v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 <em>\u201cr\u1ea5t l\u1edbn\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec tham v\u00e0 s\u00e2n m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2.3- T\u01b0 duy ly h\u1ea1i <em>(nekkhammavihi\u1e43savitakka)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m s\u00e2n <em>(dosa) <\/em>th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed1t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eadp t\u1eaft th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nh\u01b0 than h\u1ed3ng \u00e2m \u1ec9 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh phi\u1ec1n \u01b0u <em>(domanassa-\u01b0u). <\/em>N\u1ebfu phi\u1ec1n \u01b0u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed9i t\u1eaft n\u00f3 s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh \u01b0u h\u1eadn <em>(pa\u1e6digh\u0101-h\u1eadn). <\/em>V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu khi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1eabn h\u1eadn r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd sinh ra hung \u00e1c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n&#8230; c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec1m gi\u1eef n\u1ed5i. Bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady &#8211; h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh, h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 hai n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u01b0 duy ly h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m t\u1eeb <em>(mett\u0101) <\/em>d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m s\u00e2n th\u00ec t\u00e2m bi <em>(karu\u1e47\u0101) <\/em>s\u1ebd d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m h\u1ea1i; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00e2m bi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ly h\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ph\u00e0m phu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 khi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e8n tu\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ef1c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng th\u00ec b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh kh\u1ecfa l\u1ea5p ngay. Nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i, th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn r\u1ed3i th\u00ec n\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n qua ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. V\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd bao qu\u00e1t, n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m t\u01b0 duy ly d\u1ee5c, t\u01b0 duy ly s\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ly h\u1ea1i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m d\u1eabn d\u1eaft h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m thanh cao, trong l\u00e0nh th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec1n thi\u1ec7n, cao nh\u00e3. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n, h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e0n ho\u1ea1i, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy lu\u00f4n t\u1eeb kh\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 mang d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c, v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n, danh l\u1ee3i, s\u1eafc t\u00e0i; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ecb tha, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, thanh cao \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb <em>\u201cnekkhamma\u201d <\/em>xu\u1ea5t gia, r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi, l\u00eca kh\u1ecfi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ly tham, ly d\u1ee5c <em>(nekkhamma- k\u0101mavitakka) <\/em>v\u1eady. Th\u1ee9 n\u1eefa, ta c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i, vi\u1ec5n ly <em>(nekkhamma) <\/em>nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m mang nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7m gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1c \u00fd, gh\u00e9t ganh, gi\u1eadn t\u1ee9c &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh trong l\u00e0nh, cao \u0111\u1eb9p, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb &#8211; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n \u00fd, h\u00f2a \u00e1i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea3o, h\u1ea3o t\u00e2m v\u00e0 cao di\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu t\u00e2m s\u00e2n, gi\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb t\u00e2m s\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi t\u00e2m s\u00e2n, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ly s\u00e2n <em>(nekkhammaby\u0101davitakka) <\/em>v\u1eady. C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu t\u00e2m s\u00e2n, \u01b0u l\u00e0 l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y \u00e2m \u1ec9 th\u00ec t\u00e2m h\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1eeda ph\u1ef1c ch\u00e1y<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Do th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy l\u00e0 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb, r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, hung d\u1eef, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00f2ng tr\u1eafc \u1ea9n, tr\u00e1i tim bi m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ly h\u1ea1i <em>(nekkhammavihi\u1e43sa vitakka) <\/em>v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ch\u00e1nh<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong>Ng\u1eef<\/strong><strong> <\/strong><strong><em>(samm\u0101v\u0101ca)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1ed9 si\u00eau th\u1ebf ho\u1eb7c \u1edf n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0103n, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt, tu Ph\u1eadt; l\u1ea1i do tham s\u00e2n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o lu\u00f4n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m l\u1ec7ch h\u01b0\u1edbng ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh; v\u1eady n\u00ean c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t, tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 th\u1ee9 l\u1edbp m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1- L\u00eca xa 4 kh\u1ea9u \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i sai s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u1eddi th\u00eau d\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i c\u00f3, n\u00f3i vu oan, vu c\u00e1o h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u1eddi cay chua, \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, ch\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eafng, ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, c\u1ed9c c\u1eb1n, th\u00f4 l\u1ed7&#8230;<\/li><li>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed, v\u00f4 \u00edch, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00f9 phi\u1ebfm, t\u1ee5c t\u1ec9u, v\u00f4 duy\u00ean&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i ch\u00e2m ch\u00edch, n\u00f3i d\u1ec7t g\u1ea5m th\u00eau hoa, n\u00f3i ng\u1ecdt nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt, n\u00f3i v\u0103n hoa, ki\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch&#8230; ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2- Hun \u0111\u00fac, tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u1eadp n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u hay, t\u1ed1t<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00eca xa 4 kh\u1ea9u \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00f3i h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00e2n, l\u1ebd thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0nh \u1edf trong t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, tham thi\u1ec1n.<\/li><li>N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng, nh\u00e2n \u00e1i, v\u1ecb tha v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/li><li>N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m.<\/li><li>N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9c tin, l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh.<\/li><li>N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00f9m b\u1ecdc, s\u1ebb chia \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh.<\/li><li>N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh tri, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00e0 tri, t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn&#8230;<\/li><li>N\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3- \u0110i v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb b\u01b0\u1edbc 1 sang b\u01b0\u1edbc 2, t\u00e2m ta \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p; n\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn c\u00e0ng th\u00eam trong s\u00e1ng. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, ta d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, t\u1eeb \u00e1i, m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng, nhu thu\u1eadn, d\u1ec5 nghe, d\u1ec5 v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cm\u1ef9 ng\u1eef\u201d.<\/em><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 \u00fd l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, c\u1ed1t \u00fd mang l\u1ea1i an vui, l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cthi\u1ec7n ng\u1eef\u201d.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i y c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cch\u00e2n ng\u1eef\u201d.<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 m\u1ef9, thi\u1ebfu ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c l\u1eeba m\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e3i b\u00f4i, kh\u00e1ch s\u00e1o, d\u1ed1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3a hoa gi\u1ea5y l\u00f2e lo\u1eb9t s\u1eafc m\u00e0u m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n, thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ef9 th\u00ec n\u00f3i ch\u1eb3ng ai nghe, kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ebfp ph\u1ee5c, c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n, m\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n l\u00e0 x\u00e2y l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e0i tr\u00ean c\u00e1t, con thuy\u1ec1n \u0111i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1. L\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 ch\u00e2n, m\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t cho th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i <em>\u201cth\u1ec3\u201d, <\/em>c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c; c\u00f2n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9 l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e0nh nh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 hoa tr\u00e1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ch\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n m\u1ef9, <a><\/a>\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p <em>(Samm\u0101kammanta)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kamma l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1eady, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 tri l\u00e0m ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n soi r\u1ecdi th\u00ec nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng x\u1ea5u \u00e1c, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c, v\u1ec1 tham luy\u1ebfn, v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, v\u1ec1 n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, hung \u00e1c, hi\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea9y l\u00f9i, xa l\u00e1nh \u2013 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ea3 ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy r\u1ed3i. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p <em>(ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy) <\/em>trong s\u00e1ng th\u00ec ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo. Khi \u1ea5y, ng\u1eef nghi\u1ec7p hay kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef th\u00ec th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p ai c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ngu nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n x\u00e1c th\u00e2n, lo cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0103n ngon, m\u1eb7c \u0111\u1eb9p, ng\u1ee7 kh\u1ecfe, t\u1ea9m b\u1ed5 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f2n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Khi c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i, h\u1ecd c\u00f2n \u0103n u\u1ed1ng ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, ti\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 trong m\u1ecdi nhu c\u1ea7u th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, tri T\u1ee9c. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebft r\u1eddi xa, vi\u1ec5n ly, xa l\u00e1nh s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh&#8230; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1ea1n n\u1ea1n, k\u1ebb \u1ed1m \u0111au, t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft g\u00e1nh v\u00e1c nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed3ng tu, cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, cho th\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c trong T\u1ee9c sanh truy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 th\u00e2n, hy sinh b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, cho c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1ng ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n n\u1eefa. V\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tu t\u1eadp, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i r\u00e1c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, tham s\u00e2n si b\u1ecb r\u01a1i r\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfc m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt m\u00e1u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng c\u00f2n s\u00e1ng r\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n khi ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i th\u00e2n cho ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft \u0111u\u1ed1i. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao v\u00e0o l\u1eeda ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e2m n\u1ea1n. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfn m\u00e1u, hi\u1ebfn t\u1ee7y, hi\u1ebfn v\u00f5ng m\u1ea1c, hi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 l\u00e1ch, hi\u1ebfn th\u1eadn&#8230; cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. \u1ed2, h\u00f3a ra, khi \u00fd bi\u1ebft xa r\u1eddi, vi\u1ec5n ly x\u1ea5u \u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u1ea9u c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft xa r\u1eddi vi\u1ec5n ly x\u1ea5u \u00e1c; \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i th\u00e2n th\u00ec n\u00f3 tr\u1edf <a><\/a>th\u00e0nh \u00edch d\u1ee5ng cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d4i! Cao \u0111\u1eb9p thay l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng <em>(Samm\u0101-\u0101j\u012bva)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0100j\u012bva l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng, s\u1ef1 sanh s\u1ed1ng. Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng l\u00e0 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 l\u00eca xa nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed tu t\u1eadp theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh, sau khi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 duy, ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p trong s\u1ea1ch r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u01a1m \u0103n, \u00e1o m\u1eb7c, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda che m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee1 n\u1eafng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nhu d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec7n nghi sinh ho\u1ea1t. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0103n, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1eefa c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby tham lam s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ea7y d\u1eaby c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t, m\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3&#8230; th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00e0ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00ec ti\u1ec7n nghi sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u00e0ng cao; k\u00e9o theo bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng, th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n. Do v\u1eady, ai c\u0169ng lao \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ngh\u1ec1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nghi\u1ec7p g\u00ec, mi\u1ec5n c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 k\u1ebb ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. C\u00f3 k\u1ebb ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 \u0111o\u1ea1n ranh ma, x\u1ea3o quy\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 k\u1ebb ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 r\u01a1i m\u1ea5t lu\u00f4n nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh. C\u00f3 k\u1ebb ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng ng\u00e1n h\u00ecnh lao, t\u00f9 ng\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 k\u1ebb ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfm x\u1ec9a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 k\u1ebb ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n&#8230; Xem t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh \u0111ao \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lu\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p, sa \u0111\u1ecda nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh, k\u1ebb c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng tri s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn cho t\u00e2m tr\u00ed v\u00e0 b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong s\u1ea1ch. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam n\u1eef hai h\u00e0ng n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh xa 5 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nguy h\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3 t\u1ec3, gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt.<ul><li>Ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u0169 kh\u00ed, ch\u1ea5t n\u1ed5, \u0111ao ki\u1ebfm s\u00e1t th\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f4 b\u1ed9c hay s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ebft th\u1ecbt.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed9c d\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ngh\u1ec1 bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t say <em>(ma t\u00fay c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n nay).<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu tr\u00e1nh xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 5 lo\u1ea1i ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y, b\u1eadc tr\u00ed theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1o, nh\u00e0 v\u0103n, l\u00e1i xe, y t\u00e1, l\u00e0m ru\u1ed9ng, ngh\u1ec7 s\u0129, c\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9c, m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ri\u00eang gi\u1edbi tu s\u0129 th\u00ec c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea d\u00e0i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong <em>\u201cNu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi\u201d (\u0100j\u012bva p\u0101risuddhis\u012bla), <\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i y ch\u1ec9, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, ai c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng g\u00ec th\u00ec d\u00f9ng n\u1ea5y.<ul><li>L\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c do thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>L\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch ki\u1ebfm \u0103n do gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m b\u1ed9 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u1ecbnh h\u00f3t, b\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ee1, l\u1ea5y l\u1ee3i c\u00e2u l\u1ee3i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>L\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u, tr\u00e1nh xa nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 t\u00e0 v\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0m mai dong, th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd, th\u1ea7y thu\u1ed1c, th\u1ea7y coi t\u1eed vi, nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc, ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, d\u00f9 t\u0103ng hay t\u1ee5c th\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nu\u00f4i m\u1ea1ng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1eed th\u00e1ch l\u1edbn lao. May ra, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc thi\u1ec7n tr\u00ed tha thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh, trung t\u00edn v\u1edbi con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edbi \u0111i \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng <a><\/a>th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf <em>(B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh) <\/em>th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai m\u1edf c\u1eeda Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n <em>(Samm\u0101v\u0101y\u0101ma)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u0101y\u0101ma l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, l\u00e0 r\u00e1ng s\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean, l\u00e0 ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean, l\u00e0 tinh c\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eady th\u00ec khi \u0111ang n\u1eb1m <em>\u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddn\u201d <\/em>ra, ta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ng\u1ed3i d\u1eady th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n. Khi \u0111ang m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, ta r\u00e1ng s\u1ee9c nh\u1ea5c tay nh\u1ea5c ch\u00e2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c kia m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n. Khi n\u00e2ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u1eb7ng, ta ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n. V\u1eady th\u00ec trong sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt, \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng, n\u1eb1m, ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u01b0u sinh, h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, thi c\u1eed n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a, l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea5u \u00e1c c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quy gi\u1edbi, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tham thi\u1ec1n hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n. Suy ra, s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n, c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean th\u00ec t\u1ea5n ch\u1ec9 thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp truy\u1ec1n s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7n \u00e1c. Do v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean g\u00ec khi trong Abhidhamma, t\u1ea5n <em>(viriya) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m s\u1edf trung t\u00ednh <sup>(3)<\/sup>. V\u00ec l\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n <sup>(4)<\/sup>. Khi ta l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c, th\u1eadp \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n gi\u00fap s\u1ee9c, th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c kia l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u00e1c h\u01a1n; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t c\u00e0ng l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady n\u00ean, nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u sai x\u1ea5u, nh\u00fang tay v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u2013 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201ct\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n\u201d. <\/em>C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, trong n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o th\u00ec t\u1ea5n- viriya ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea5n-v\u0101y\u0101ma h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady, samm\u0101v\u0101y\u0101ma, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n tinh t\u1ea5n ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> N\u1eb1m trong s\u00e1u bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf: T\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i, t\u1ea5n, h\u1ef7, d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(4)<\/sup> C\u00f3 14 t\u00e2m s\u1edf b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 25 t\u00e2m s\u1edf thi\u1ec7n <em>(theo Abhidhamma).<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u00c1c v\u1ecb sanh, s\u1eed b\u1ea5t sanh: Minh s\u00e1t t\u00e2m, l\u1eafng nghe t\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u \u00e1c n\u00e0o kh\u1edfi sanh th\u00ec h\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eebng ph\u00e1t sanh.<ul><li>\u00c1c d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed tr\u1eeb \u0111o\u1ea1n: Minh s\u00e1t t\u00e2m, l\u1eafng nghe t\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ea5u \u00e1c n\u00e0o kh\u1edfi sanh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1eeb di\u1ec7t.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Thi\u1ec7n v\u1ecb sanh, s\u1eed ph\u00e1t sanh: Minh s\u00e1t t\u00e2m, l\u1eafng nghe t\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh n\u00e0o ch\u01b0a kh\u1edfi sanh th\u00ec h\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 ph\u00e1t sanh.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Thi\u1ec7n d\u0129 sanh, s\u1eed t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng: Minh s\u00e1t t\u00e2m, l\u1eafng nghe t\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh n\u00e0o kh\u1edfi sanh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u00e3y n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghe c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng phu l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, s\u00e2u nhi\u1ec7m. Ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, minh s\u00e1t T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 <em>\u201cqu\u00e1n t\u00e2m\u201d <\/em>mi\u00ean m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng m\u00f3ng, d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m. M\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, minh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, bi\u1ebft ngay thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa tr\u00ean l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd, tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, l\u00e0 r\u00e1ng s\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n chuy\u00ean, l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh, ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa; tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean r\u01a1i v\u00e0o c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, v\u00ec \u00fd ch\u00ed, quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c s\u1ebd ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, th\u1ea7n kinh c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. Ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean trung dung, qu\u00e2n b\u00ecnh; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n gi\u1eef th\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, \u0111\u1eebng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i, gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, th\u1edd \u01a1, l\u01a1 l\u00e0, l\u01a1i l\u1ecfng trong khi ch\u00fa t\u00e2m theo d\u00f5i \u00fd ni\u1ec7m, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu tinh t\u1ea5n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00e1c <a><\/a>chi ph\u1ea7n trong B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng n\u00ean t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><strong>Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m <em>(Samm\u0101sati)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sati l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m. Ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb, ghi nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra, \u0111ang duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua c\u0103n-tr\u1ea7n-th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n samm\u0101 th\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i; v\u1eady samm\u0101sati l\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng &#8211; b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb9p hay x\u1ea5u, m\u00e9o hay tr\u00f2n, thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ch\u1ee5p b\u1eaft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf <em>(nh\u01b0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng chia ch\u1ebb, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a xen c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n th\u1ecd t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eebng xa r\u1eddi c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111ang l\u00e0. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111ang lang thang rong ch\u01a1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 <em>(t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i) <\/em>th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m. N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafm ch\u00ecm trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sanh tham s\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gh\u00e9t, \u01b0u h\u1eadn th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i cho c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u h\u01a1n: Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng canh c\u1eeda th\u00e2n t\u00e2m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi canh c\u1eeda th\u00ec ai \u0111i v\u00f4, \u0111i ra th\u00ec anh ph\u1ea3i ghi nh\u1edb, ghi nh\u1eadn. C\u00e1i g\u00ec, ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111i v\u00f4, \u0111i ra th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng canh c\u1eeda. Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng l\u01a1 l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m. Nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i ph\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c <em>\u201cth\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 ho\u1eb7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t &#8211; v\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn (tu\u1ec7 tri) v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy!\u201d<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i v\u00e0o kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, khi n\u00f3i ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Nh\u01b0ng khi tu t\u1eadp T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 khi qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 <em>(k\u0101y\u0101nupassan\u0101satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na),<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kinh v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n tr\u00ean th\u00e2n (k\u0101ye k\u0101y\u0101nupass\u012b viharati),&nbsp;&nbsp; tinh&nbsp;&nbsp; c\u1ea7n&nbsp;&nbsp; (\u0101t\u0101pi),&nbsp;&nbsp; ch\u00e1nh&nbsp;&nbsp; ni\u1ec7m&nbsp;&nbsp; (satim\u0101),&nbsp;&nbsp; t\u1ec9nh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; gi\u00e1c (sampaj\u0101no) ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 tham \u01b0u \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi (loke abhijjh\u0101 domanassa\u1e43)\u201d <\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 c\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u kinh v\u0103n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh), <\/em>t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u00f3m tu\u1ec7 <em>(ki\u1ebfn, t\u01b0 duy), <\/em>v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho nh\u00f3m gi\u1edbi <em>(ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng) <\/em>th\u00ec tu t\u1eadp minh s\u00e1t ta ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng 8 chi ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 an l\u1eadp, l\u00e0m cho l\u1eafng y\u00ean th\u00e2n th\u1ecd t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p \u2013 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7t y\u00ean ly n\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng b\u00e0n &#8211; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1ea1o chi c\u00f9ng tham d\u1ef1, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n: G\u1ed3m 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o ra, b\u1ed1n oai nghi, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i, m\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i t\u1eed thi&#8230;<\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd: G\u1ed3m kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c, x\u1ea3 <em>(n\u01a1i th\u00e2n), <\/em>h\u1ef7, \u01b0u, x\u1ea3 <em>(n\u01a1i t\u00e2m)<\/em><\/li><li>Ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m: G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 16 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m, v\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u00e2m c\u00f3 tham, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng tham, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 s\u00e2n, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng s\u00e2n, t\u00e2m c\u00f3 si, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng si&#8230;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p: G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i, 5 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n, 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, m\u01b0\u1eddi hai x\u1ee9, Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi, T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb ni\u1ec7m ghi nh\u1eadn, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m n\u00e0y, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng, r\u0103ng, da\u2026<em>(32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c), <\/em>h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o ra, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i, nhai nu\u1ed1t, m\u1eb7c y mang b\u00e1t, th\u00e2n x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u1ee9ng, m\u1ec1m, tr\u01a1n, nh\u00e1m <em>(t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i), <\/em>n\u1ebfu khi \u0111ang l\u00e0m g\u00ec, ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u <em>\u201ctr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\u201d <\/em>v\u1edbi c\u00e1i \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb ni\u1ec7m n\u1ea7y l\u1ea1i nghi\u00eang qua t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101) <\/em>hay k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201ct\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m \u00e2n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c T\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n hay k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi qu\u00e1n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cqu\u00e1n ni\u1ec7m\u201d<\/em>, nh\u01b0 qu\u00e1n th\u00e2n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00eam c\u1ea3 tinh c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i \u1edf tr\u00ean; c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1eady, l\u00e0 <a><\/a>qu\u00e1n th\u1ecd ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, qu\u00e1n t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9, qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 tam t\u01b0\u1edbng, di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>8- Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(Samm\u0101sam\u0101dhi)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sam\u0101dhi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m an ch\u1ec9, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, h\u00e3y chi\u00eam nghi\u1ec7m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00e1t-na \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu ch\u00fa t\u00e2m kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi \u0111ang ch\u0103m ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch; v\u00ec ch\u0103m ch\u00fa qu\u00e1 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng hay bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf xung quanh th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 phi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><li>N\u1ebfu l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o g\u1ea7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3 ba lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u1ebfu l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 10 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kasi\u1e47a <em>(\u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u1eeda, gi\u00f3, xanh, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0ng, h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng) <\/em>th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n hay an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 hai loai \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0110\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.1- \u0110\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 V\u00f4 S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t trong 10 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c kasi\u1e47a, l\u00fac 5 thi\u1ec1n chi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9, an b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n: T\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, ph\u1ec9, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n: Ph\u1ec9, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m.<ul><li>Tam thi\u1ec1n: L\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>T\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n: X\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean thi\u1ec1n: X\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean thi\u1ec1n: X\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu thi\u1ec1n: X\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng, phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec1n: X\u1ea3, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o. Khi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Siddhattha trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u tu h\u1ecdc, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <em>\u201cV\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu thi\u1ec1n\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201cPhi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec1n\u201d, <\/em>n\u01a1i hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0100l\u0101ra K\u0101l\u0101ma v\u00e0 Uddaka R\u0101maputta \u2013 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00ean ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. Sau \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1ecdn 6 n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0103n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa. T\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ecm con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh\u201d, <\/em>do ng\u00e0i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i thu\u1edf 5 tu\u1ed5i khi theo ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111i d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 h\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec1n, t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y h\u1ed3ng t\u00e1o, v\u1edbi <em>\u201ct\u00e2m th\u1ee9c <\/em><em>tr\u1ebb th\u01a1, h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean\u201d, <\/em>ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n. N\u00ean t\u1ea1i c\u1ed9i b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0 th\u00e1i, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng \u0111i v\u00e0o nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, tam thi\u1ec1n, t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n&#8230; Sau n\u00e0y, khi ng\u00e0i di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i n\u1ed9i dung s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cLy d\u1ee5c, ly b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00fa thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1ee9!\u201d <\/em>Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh do ly d\u1ee5c, ly \u00e1c ph\u00e1p n\u00ean kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed1i th\u00e2n t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tr\u00ed ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 thanh khi\u1ebft &#8211; tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng gi\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m lung linh soi chi\u1ebfu, minh s\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y trong, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ngo\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u00e3 s\u1edf. Khi qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ed7ng su\u1ed1t, s\u00e1ng trong&#8230; th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi, m\u1ed9t duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c tinh minh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i&#8230; Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, tham d\u1ee5c, t\u00e2m tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi b\u01b0\u1edbc sang minh s\u00e1t, tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi ta hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, r\u1eddi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eady, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">8.2- \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y t\u1eeb <em>\u201cni\u1ec7m\u201d <\/em>m\u00e0 c\u00f3. N\u1ebfu <em>\u201cni\u1ec7m\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u1ea3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m xu\u1ed1ng, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 y\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n l\u1eafng nghe, theo d\u00f5i 5, 7 h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1t-na \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0i ba ph\u00fat \u0111\u1ecbnh hay phi\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh trong sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt khi n\u1ea5u \u0103n, khi gi\u1eb7t gi\u0169, khi l\u00e1i xe, khi l\u00e0m v\u01b0\u1eddn, khi d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 con c\u00e1i, l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee3i xe t\u00e0u, l\u00fac x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng mua v\u00e9, nh\u1eefng khi l\u1eafng nghe c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u00e2n n\u1ed9 b\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng. L\u00e0 c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u1ea1n tr\u1ea1ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m, gi\u00fap ta b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7, an \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, trong m\u1ecdi khi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 c\u00f3 4 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 qua tu\u1ec7 minh s\u00e1t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.2.2- Khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y, m\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i <em>\u201cc\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 quay sang tu tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.2.3- Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 ngang <em>\u201cc\u1eadn h\u00e0nh\u201d <\/em>r\u1ed3i qua minh s\u00e1t. 8.2.3- Kh\u00f4ng tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e0n tu\u1ec7 hay kh\u00f4 tu\u1ec7 <em>(sukkha-pa\u00f1\u00f1a),<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 khi ta c\u1ea7m m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng. N\u1ebfu t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng lung lay <em>(kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh) <\/em>th\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng <em>(kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7). <\/em>N\u1ebfu tay ta c\u1ea7m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, t\u1ea5m ki\u1ebfng kh\u00f4ng lung lay <em>(c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh) <\/em>\u2013 th\u00ec h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu s\u1ebd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng <em>(c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7). <\/em>V\u00ed d\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c: Khi ta quan s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng <em>(tu\u1ec7) <\/em>v\u1eadt \u1ea5y th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh); <\/em>v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8.2.4- Tu \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ba h\u01b0\u1edbng: M\u1ed9t, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1eafc 4 t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc. Hai, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c th\u1eafng tr\u00ed th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. Ba, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng qua minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf c\u00f3 8 chi ph\u1ea7n, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. Ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 theo tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh; v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy r\u1ed3i ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau theo v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft chi n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, chi n\u00e0o sau; m\u00e0 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng, chi n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, chi n\u00e0o sau c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: L\u00e0m sao ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh? Ta l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8211; n\u1ebfu ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh? L\u00e0m sao ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy d\u1eabn d\u1eaft?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu n\u00f3i v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang &#8211; th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t theo tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh: Gi\u1edbi n\u0103ng sinh \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng sinh tu\u1ec7? <em>(Do gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng; \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh); tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadt ra, tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh hay v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh gi\u1edbi, \u0111\u1ecbnh, tu\u1ec7, d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u01a1 c\u01a1, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n gi\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n \u00e1c, t\u00f2ng thi\u1ec7n, nh\u1edd v\u1eady t\u00e2m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1edbi y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng; t\u00e2m c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng tham s\u00e2n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, tu\u1ec7 m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy&#8230; l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y kh\u1ed5 <em>(Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf) <\/em>v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 <em>(T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf). <\/em>Do \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn d\u1eabn d\u1eaft l\u00e0 7 chi ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111i theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sai, l\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp minh s\u00e1t <em>(vipassan\u0101) <\/em>l\u00e2u n\u0103m, \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o n\u1eb1m n\u01a1i s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m! Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb l\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi l\u1ee5c c\u0103n, t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ngay ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o. V\u00e0 khi \u1ea5y, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft chi n\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, chi n\u00e0o sau! N\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sau ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n th\u00f4i. M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t bui r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1eaft k\u1ebb ph\u00e0m phu, c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y th\u00e2n t\u00e2m <em>(th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u b\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t an, x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n v\u00ec ngay s\u00e1t-na \u1ea5y, h\u1ecd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t b\u1ee5i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u1eaft b\u1eadc tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y th\u00e2n t\u00e2m <em>(th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd, thanh th\u1ea3n, b\u00ecnh y\u00ean v\u00ec ngay s\u00e1t-na \u1ea5y, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o!<br><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C<\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ph\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ecdc Th\u00eam<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>TH\u1ea4Y NGAY L\u1eacP T\u1ee8C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Duy Nh\u1ea5t: Ek\u0101yana)<\/strong><strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i kinh n\u1eb1m trong hai th\u1eddi kh\u00f3a c\u00f4ng phu, t\u1ee5ng m\u00e3i, t\u1ee5ng ho\u00e0i m\u1ea5y ch\u1ee5c n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 t\u00f4i v\u1eabn hi\u1ec3u m\u01a1 m\u01a1, h\u1ed3 h\u1ed3. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n minh s\u00e1t th\u00ec t\u00f4i m\u1edbi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u <em>\u201cth\u1ea5y\u201d <\/em>ra!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 5 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Sv\u0101kkh\u0101to Bhagavat\u0101 Dhammo Sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko, Ak\u0101liko, Ehipassiko, Opanayiko, Paccatta\u1e43 veditabbo vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016bh\u012b\u2019 ti\u201d <\/em><sup>(1)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n kh\u00e9o khai th\u1ecb l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi th\u1eddi gian, l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u1eadc tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m <em>(trong l\u00f2ng <\/em><em>m\u00ecnh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u0103n v\u1ea7n \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cPh\u00e1p B\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7t: Cha L\u00e0nh kh\u00e9o d\u1ea1y L\u00eca danh ng\u00f4n h\u00fd lu\u1eadn, ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n V\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eddi gian, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u00f4ng gian<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ho\u00e1t nhi\u00ean t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng <\/em><em>Ph\u00e1p h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0110\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 L\u00eca si m\u00ea, x\u1ea3 b\u1ecf v\u1ecdng tr\u1ea7n<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Tr\u00ed nh\u00e2n ng\u1ed9 t\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n di\u1ec7u th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, ta th\u1eed \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1eebng <em>\u201ct\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Sv\u0101kh\u0101ta <em>(su+akkh\u0101ta): <\/em>\u0110\u00e3 kh\u00e9o tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft; Akkhati: Gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i, khai th\u1ecb, tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft; Sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhika: Thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n; Ak\u0101lika <em>(a+k\u0101lika):&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/em>V\u01b0\u1ee3t&nbsp; &nbsp;qua&nbsp; &nbsp;th\u1eddi&nbsp; &nbsp;gian,&nbsp; &nbsp;phi&nbsp; &nbsp;th\u1eddi&nbsp; &nbsp;gian;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ehi- passika <em>(ehi+passika): <\/em>H\u00e3y&nbsp; &nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;m\u00e0&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;th\u1ea5y&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<em>(t\u1ef1&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng);&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/em>Passati: Th\u1ea5y; Opanayika <em>(upa+nayika):&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;<\/em>H\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;th\u01b0\u1ee3ng,&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;d\u1eabn&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ni\u1ebft- b\u00e0n; Paccatta\u1e43: M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n &#8211; veditabbo <em>(vedeti): <\/em>Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, li\u1ec5u gi\u1ea3i, gi\u00e1c li\u1ec5u &#8211; vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016b: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>1- Sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang c\u1ea3. Thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u00e1t v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i tr\u01a1 tr\u01a1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111ang v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a, ch\u1ea3y tr\u00f4i, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi&#8230; ch\u1ee9 l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1i <em>\u201cc\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u201d <\/em>v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a t\u0129nh? V\u1eady, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111ang tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, \u0111ang duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi tu thi\u1ec1n minh s\u00e1t th\u00ec ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh ch\u01b0\u1edbng tai gai m\u1eaft \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. M\u1ed9t s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. M\u1ed9t m\u1edb ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u, b\u1ea1c ti\u1ec1n \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi khen \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. M\u1ed9t m\u00f3n \u0103n ngon \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng,duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. M\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi&#8230; N\u00f3i kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t, v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng ngh\u0129a h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u2013 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac n\u00e0o \u0111ang \u0111i qua, \u0111ang t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng qua m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n \u2013 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n \u2013 v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c, c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111ang duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi! C\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea5y, Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y! Nh\u1edd minh s\u00e1t duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u1ea5y ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam t\u00e2m tham kh\u1edfi, t\u00e2m s\u00e2n kh\u1edfi&#8230; k\u00e9o th\u00eam th\u01b0\u01a1ng gh\u00e9t, vui bu\u1ed3n, l\u1ea1c kh\u1ed5. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y: <em>\u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m, di\u1ebft th\u1eafng kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d <\/em><sup>(2)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi t\u00f4i \u0111ang g\u00f5 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng n\u00e0y th\u00ec d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef m\u00e0u \u0111en, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u00e0n ph\u00edm, ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng, th\u1ecfi tr\u1ea7m th\u01a1m, ly c\u00e0-ph\u00ea b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1eadt, duy\u00ean sanh \u1ea5y c\u00f9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c trong gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat \u0111ang l\u00e0 n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Abhidhamma b\u1ea3o, c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tham s\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gh\u00e9t \u2013 v\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng <em>\u201cnh\u1ecf\u201d, \u201cr\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf\u201d <\/em>n\u00ean t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea5y kh\u1edfi, v\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m ngang qua t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m <em>(javana), <\/em>l\u00fac \u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ee9t \u0111o\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> Ek\u0101yana: Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u2013 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 trong kinh Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 <em>(Xem Trung b\u1ed9 kinh 10, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9 kinh 22). <\/em>Nh\u01b0ng kho\u1ea3ng s\u00e1u b\u1ea3y tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau Ph\u1eadt Nh\u1eadp Di\u1ec7t, ek\u0101yana b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a th\u00e0nh <em>\u201cNh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00eam Mah\u0101y\u0101na <em>(\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba) <\/em>v\u00e0 H\u012bnay\u0101na <em>(Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba). <\/em>L\u01b0u \u00fd: Trong kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa s\u1ed1 274 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i <em>\u201cCon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng duy nh\u1ea5t\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o; tuy nhi\u00ean, \u201c<em>Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d <\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb <em>\u201cmagga\u201d (Eso va maggo nattha\u00f1\u00f1o) <\/em>ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i <em>\u201cy\u0101na\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko, khi tu t\u1eadp, hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi th\u00ec \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u0103m ng\u1ed3i, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o, \u0103n c\u01a1m, l\u00e1i xe, g\u00f5 ph\u00edm, qu\u00e9t nh\u00e0, n\u1ea5u \u0103n, gi\u1eb7t gi\u0169, t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ecdc s\u00e1ch&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko c\u1ea3, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n c\u1ea3 &#8211; v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n <em>\u201cth\u1ef1c <\/em><em>t\u1ea1i \u0111ang l\u00e0\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y; v\u00e0 n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f2n duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u1eefa&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2- Ak\u0101liko<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua th\u1eddi gian, phi th\u1eddi gian! Khi hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n, c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111ang l\u00e0, \u0111ang ch\u1ea3y tr\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na, m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u s\u00e1t-na c\u0169ng sanh, tr\u1ee5, v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t. N\u00f3i qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai l\u00e0 n\u00f3i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec7 cho vui ch\u1ee9 ba k\u1ef3 th\u1eddi gian \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch, ch\u00fang tr\u00f4i, ch\u00fang li\u00ean l\u1ec9, ch\u00fang li\u00ean t\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch h\u00f3a, thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i r\u00f5 h\u01a1n ch\u00fat n\u1eefa. Ph\u00e1p \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111ang duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n <em>(sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko) <\/em>n\u00f3 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i ba th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai; n\u00f3 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 phi th\u1eddi gian. N\u1ebfu m\u00e0 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 th\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u1eadt, v\u1ecb lai th\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u1ea3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu quan s\u00e1t minh tri\u1ebft nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111i qua ng\u0169 c\u0103n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea3y tr\u00f4i, tho\u00e1ng t\u1ee5, tho\u00e1ng tan. C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00ednh m\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang \u0111ang sinh di\u1ec7t tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd; v\u00e0 ai s\u1ed1ng sai v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, v\u1edbi ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y th\u00ec tham s\u00e2n si kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 k\u00e9o theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u1eady!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n thi\u1ec1n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1i ak\u0101liko n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u, qu\u00ean xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edb s\u01a1 s\u01a1 c\u00e1i n\u1ed9i dung, kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00f4i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c <\/em><em>&#8211; C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 hay kinh, gi\u1ecfi ch\u1eef, bao n\u0103m mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i kinh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng. Do r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng phu, b\u00e1c l\u00e3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u00ean \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng qu\u1ea3y c\u00e1i gi\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ef1ng b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y tr\u00ean vai.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>H\u00f4m n\u1ecd, nghe t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n \u2018b\u1ea5t l\u1eadp v\u0103n t\u1ef1, gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n\u2019 v\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 nghe c\u00e1i b\u1ee5ng m\u00ecnh r\u1ea5t gi\u1eadn, coi nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00e0 gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean \u00f4ng quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t phen \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>S\u00e1ng s\u1edbm tinh s\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n n\u00fai, \u0111ang \u0111\u00f3i b\u1ee5ng, th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng qu\u00e1n b\u00e8n gh\u00e9 ch\u00e2n v\u00e0o. Th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 l\u00e3o, ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 n\u00f3i:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u2018\u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m\u2019, th\u01b0a b\u00e0!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Quan s\u00e1t v\u1ecb kh\u00e1ch, d\u00e1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3o t\u0103ng phong tr\u1ea7n, tr\u00ean vai \u0111eo m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecf s\u00e1ch (m\u00e0 b\u00e0 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1ee5c gia tu thi\u1ec1n \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai), b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>L\u00e3o s\u01b0 \u0111eo c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u00ean vai v\u1eady?<\/em><ul><li><em>\u00c0, \u00e0&#8230; l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u2013 m\u00e0 b\u00e0 h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m g\u00ec? B\u00e0 l\u00e3o l\u1ec5 ph\u00e9p th\u01b0a:<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li><em>\u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 nghe trong b\u1ed9 kinh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00f3i: \u2018Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc, v\u1ecb lai t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eafc\u2019 th\u00ec cho k\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9n c\u0103n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi, l\u00e3o s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o \u2018\u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m\u2019 th\u00ec \u2018\u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1i t\u00e2m n\u00e0o\u2019 \u1ea1?\u201d<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ecb ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 ngh\u1eb9n h\u1ecdng. Nghe n\u00f3i sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i <a><\/a>Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ed3i l\u00ean n\u00fai h\u1ecdc thi\u1ec1n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u01b0 th\u1ef1c chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y ra sao, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 hay qu\u00e1, n\u00f3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian, \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian <em>(ak\u0101liko).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3- Ehipassiko<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G\u1ed3m ehi+passika; <em>\u201cehi\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh c\u00e1ch, h\u00e3y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y! V\u00edd\u1ee5, ehi-bhikkhu: H\u00e3y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! <em>\u201cPassika\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">v\u1eady, ehi-passika l\u00e0 h\u00e3y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cH\u00e3y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 th\u1ea5y!\u201d <\/em>L\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi <em>\u201cth\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft\u201d <\/em>mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ba ngh\u0129a. <em>\u201cM\u1ed9t\u201d, <\/em>k\u00eau g\u1ecdi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u00edt b\u1ee5i c\u00e1t trong m\u1eaft, h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 tu h\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n <em>(t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng). \u201cHai\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p k\u00eau g\u1ecdi: \u0110\u1eebng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y Nam B\u1eafc n\u1eefa, h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y! Ph\u00e1p lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, duy\u00ean sinh, duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd! \u0110\u1eebng c\u00f3 v\u1ecdng m\u00f3ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa! H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ecb ng\u1ea1n &#8211; quay \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 b\u1edd! H\u00e3y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y quay \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. <em>\u201cBa\u201d, <\/em>h\u00e3y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i t\u00e2m, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i t\u1ed9i \u00e1c, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u01b0 huy\u1ec5n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1 cho ngh\u0129a <em>\u201cd\u1eebng l\u1ea1i\u201d, <\/em>t\u00f4i nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Thu\u1edf Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 t\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1edbp A\u1e45gulim\u0101la do mu\u1ed1n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p m\u1ea7u n\u00ean y ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u1ee7 1000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ed3i c\u1eaft l\u1ea5y ng\u00f3n tay l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng. Khi gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn con s\u1ed1 999, c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa th\u00f4i th\u00ec b\u00e0 m\u1eb9 v\u00ec th\u01b0\u01a1ng con n\u00ean t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01a1i. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft n\u00ean xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m h\u00f3a A\u1e45gulim\u0101la. S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, \u0110\u1ee9c<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Ph\u1eadt b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i thong dong, nh\u00e0n nh\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng A\u1e45gulim\u0101la ch\u1ea1y b\u1edf h\u01a1i <\/em><em>tai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>M\u1ed3 h\u00f4i m\u1ed3 k\u00ea nh\u1ec5 nh\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e1ng m\u1eaft hoa, h\u01a1i th\u1edf d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp, tim \u0111\u1eadp nh\u01b0 tr\u1ed1ng tr\u1eadn, A\u1e45gulim\u0101la \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u1ed1i s\u1ee9c, d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi l\u1edbn r\u1eb1ng:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>N\u00e0y \u00f4ng sa-m\u00f4n kia, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i! H\u00e3y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 duy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f3a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00ean ch\u00e2n ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn khoan thai b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i, c\u1ea5t gi\u1ecdng ph\u1ea1m \u00e2m, n\u00f3i v\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>N\u00e0y A\u1e45gulim\u0101la! Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i! Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng! Ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nghe v\u1eady, A\u1e45gulim\u0101la r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, n\u00f3i:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>N\u00e0y \u00f4ng sa-m\u00f4n! T\u1ea1i sao r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u00f4ng \u0111ang \u0111i m\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u2018Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i r\u1ed3i\u2019; c\u00f2n t\u00f4i th\u00ec \u0111ang d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u2018ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu d\u1eebng\u2019?<\/em><\/li><li><em>N\u00e0y A\u1e45gulim\u0101la! Qu\u1ea3 v\u1eady, Nh\u01b0 Lai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111ao, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh; d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c! C\u00f2n \u00f4ng, ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu d\u1eebng \u0111ao, tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh, ch\u01b0a ch\u1ecbu d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i con <a><\/a>\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c! N\u00e0y A\u1e45gulim\u0101la! H\u00e3y d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111i!\u201d<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, sau \u0111\u00f3, A\u1e45gulim\u0101la \u0111\u00e3 <em>\u201cd\u1eebng l\u1ea1i\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">4- Opanayiko:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Opanayiko do gh\u00e9p t\u1eeb <em>\u201cupa+nayika\u201d <\/em>m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. <em>\u201cOpa\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201cupa\u201d <\/em>trong P\u0101\u1e37i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi <em>\u201cup-on\u201d <\/em>trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, l\u00e0 tr\u00ean, l\u00ean tr\u00ean. Nayiko <em>(nayati, neti) <\/em>l\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn <sup>(1)<\/sup> V\u1eady, Opanayiko l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00ean tr\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n l\u00ean \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ecba. Do <em>\u201copa\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 tr\u00ean, \u1edf tr\u00ean; c\u00f2n <em>\u201cnayika\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb <em>\u201cneti\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 d\u1eabn, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn n\u00ean ai c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch: C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft l\u00ean cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1eady! H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o minh s\u00e1t th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>\u201csandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201cak\u0101liko\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 g\u00ec, b\u00e1m v\u00edu g\u00ec, lu\u00f4n s\u1ed1ng t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00ec tham s\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gh\u00e9t c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch b\u01b0\u1edbc cao th\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi s\u00e1ng trong, v\u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta th\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: C\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng d\u1eabn d\u1eaft l\u00ean cao, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng? T\u00f4i s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Ph\u00e1p! R\u1ed3i t\u00f4i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Xem <em>\u201cTh\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Vi\u00ean Minh\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp: Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o? V\u00e0 t\u00f4i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111ang<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>ak\u0101liko <\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ea5y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y <em>opanayiko <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>ak\u0101liko <\/em>trong sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. T\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1 cho \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba n\u00f3i. <em>\u201c <\/em><em>H\u00f4m n\u1ecd, th\u1ea5y ngo\u00e0i s\u00e2n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i phong lan m\u1edbi v\u1eeba n\u1edf hoa,<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc ra xem. V\u1eeba b\u01b0\u1edbc xu\u1ed1ng b\u1eadc c\u1ea5p, m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean s\u1ecfi nh\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e2m ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0n ch\u00e2n, \u0111au \u0111i\u1ebfng. Vi\u00ean s\u1ecfi, \u0111\u00e2m ch\u00e2n, \u0111au \u0111i\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ph\u00e1p. B\u00ecnh t\u0129nh v\u00e0 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng, t\u00f4i th\u01b0 gi\u00e3n, bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1i \u0111au. Ph\u1ea3i \u2018th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1i \u0111au \u0111ang l\u00e0, \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n\u2019 \u1ea5y! C\u00e1i \u0111au \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. C\u00e1i \u0111au \u0111ang tan d\u1ea7n. C\u00e1i \u0111au di\u1ec7t m\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a sandi\u1e6d\u1e6dhiko v\u00e0 ak\u0101liko! T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u00e1i \u0111au m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1eefu vi n\u00e0o c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 l\u1eafng nghe, quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u00f4i!\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1eeb <em>\u201cupa\u201d <\/em>\u2013 l\u00e0 tr\u00ean, \u1edf tr\u00ean. Tr\u00ean, \u1edf tr\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u00ec? Ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00ean, \u1edf tr\u00ean <em>(upa) \u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ef1c\u201d\u2013 <\/em>c\u00e1i \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111ang v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111ang duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi n\u1eefa m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i <em>\u201cd\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t\u201d <\/em>c\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0 \u1ea5y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 v\u1eady th\u00f4i, r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1ch quan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu minh s\u00e1t ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc cho thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c <em>\u201cph\u00e1p m\u00f4n kh\u00e1ch<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>quan\u201d \u1ea5y! <\/em>Khi vui bu\u1ed3n, kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i t\u00f4i \u0111au, t\u00f4i bu\u1ed3n, t\u00f4i kh\u1ed5, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1c. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang cu\u1ed1n ph\u0103ng, nh\u1eadn ch\u00ecm r\u1ed3i b\u1ecb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 b\u1edfi ch\u00fang c\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra m\u1ed9t t\u00ed n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng hy sinh hay b\u1ecf qu\u00ean <em>\u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111ang l\u00e0\u201d <\/em>v\u1edbi cha, v\u1edbi m\u1eb9, v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng, con c\u00e1i, v\u1edbi b\u00e8 b\u1ea1n, v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e2y c\u00e2y l\u00e1 thanh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 lao v\u1ecdt v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111u\u1ed5i theo m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch, m\u1ed9t danh v\u1ecdng, m\u1ed9t tham v\u1ecdng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac lu\u00f4n \u1edf th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd! Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y m\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, quan s\u00e1t <em>\u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n \u0111ang l\u00e0\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 <em>\u201cu\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u201d <\/em>v\u1eady!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1a c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c \u1ea5y, Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng n\u00f3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd h\u01a1n: Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1p <a><\/a>tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 \u0111i ho\u1eb7c g\u00f3t ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i d\u00ednh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c <em>(c\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103n <\/em><em>\u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecba) <\/em>n\u00f3 c\u00f3 chung m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129a v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">5- Paccatta\u1e43 veditabbo vi\u00f1\u00f1\u016bh\u012b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh gi\u00e1c li\u1ec5u hay t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh, v\u00ed nh\u01b0 u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt v\u1eady! Ch\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1, sau khi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y s\u00e2u k\u00edn, vi di\u1ec7u, kh\u00f3 th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f3 bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng cho ai nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00ean ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Ngay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, s\u1edf tri, s\u1edf h\u00e0nh, kinh nghi\u1ec7m, s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft c\u0169ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, \u0111a chi\u1ec1u, \u0111a di\u1ec7n, \u0111a tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, \u0111a c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n n\u00e0o th\u00ec bi\u1ebft trong l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c \u1ea5y. T\u00e2m n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u1ea3nh n\u1ea5y. Kh\u00f3 san s\u1ebb, kh\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng, kh\u00e1c quan \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh. C\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i cho c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y. C\u00f5i v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi kh\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y. C\u00e1i m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m, si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t ba c\u00f5i th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao n\u00f3i cho th\u1ebf gian b\u1ee5i b\u1eb7m, \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, c\u00e1c tham \u2013 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y? B\u00e0i to\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc si\u00eau xu\u1ea5t ba c\u00f5i, l\u00e0m sao d\u1ea1y cho l\u1edbp m\u1eabu gi\u00e1o, l\u1edbp m\u1ed9t, l\u1edbp hai? N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e0 trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u, hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00e1i ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vui g\u00ec, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac g\u00ec m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Ph\u00e0m phu kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Mandalay. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, mi\u1ec7t m\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y n\u01a1i n\u00e0y n\u01a1i kia kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi; thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed cho Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o; l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 10 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed7i n\u0103m, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o v\u00e0o n\u00fai s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ec5, th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng, v\u1ea5n an s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y v\u00f4 danh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n 100 tu\u1ed5i, hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1ng \u1edf r\u1eebng s\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd xu\u1ed1ng l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, th\u1ecb th\u00e0nh \u2013 nghe k\u1ec3 v\u1eady).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>R\u1ed3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u00fa v\u1ecb:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u1ecb th\u1ea7y:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Th\u1ebf \u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3?<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng, h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2, b\u00e8n k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u2018c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c\u2019 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1ecb th\u1ea7y nghe xong, b\u00e8n qu\u1edf:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Th\u1ebf ra, bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m nay, \u00f4ng v\u1eabn \u0111ang c\u00f2n loay hoay t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u2018\u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh r\u1ed7ng\u2019 hay sao?\u201d<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi T\u0103ng Ni Sinh. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng T\u0103ng Ni sinh \u1ea5y k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i nghe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5y! Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u00f4ng s\u01b0 gi\u00e0 tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ebft trong r\u1eebng s\u00e2u kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ti\u1ec7n nghi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 xe \u0111\u00f3n, l\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0a; s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed3, danh v\u1ecdng? R\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ch\u00ea nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1eefu vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 cao t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c v\u00f4 \u00edch l\u00e0 <em>\u2018c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111\u1ed5 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh r\u1ed7ng\u2019?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 n\u0103m \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p tr\u00ean, tuy n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111ang tu t\u1eadp minh s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi \u0111ang \u0103n c\u01a1m, \u0111ang nhai c\u01a1m \u2013 ta c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c \u2013 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 nhai nu\u1ed1t \u1ea5y ra sao.<\/li><li>Khi \u0111ang n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn \u2013 ta c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n, ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c \u2013 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, ngo\u00e0i th\u1eddi gian, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u00ecnh m\u1edbi kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00e1i s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 ra l\u00e0m sao!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t h\u01a1n, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ea3 c\u0103n tr\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c, khi duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n kh\u1edfi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00e2m (do hai t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu). V\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c t\u00e2m tham s\u00e2n si, v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n v\u00f4 si&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i nh\u1edb c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0i S\u0101riputta (X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t) \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 nh\u1edd c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Assaji:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cC\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh do b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n, Nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t t\u1eaft nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y <\/em><em>Ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Sa-m\u00f4n!<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Ye dhamm\u0101 hetuppabhav\u0101, Tesa\u1e43 hetu\u1e43 Tath\u0101gato; \u0100ha tesa\u1e43 ca yo nirodho, Eva\u1e43 v\u0101d\u012b Mah\u0101 Samano!)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 4 c\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi 2 c\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i S\u0101riputta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n r\u1ed3i. C\u00f2n ng\u00e0i Moggall\u0101na th\u00ec nghe ng\u00e0i S\u0101riputta \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 4 c\u00e2u m\u1edbi v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c <em>(Nh\u1eadp L\u01b0u). <\/em>S\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0, khi minh s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a c\u0103n tr\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m t\u01b0 t\u00e1c, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean s\u1ea7u bi \u01b0u n\u00e3o. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ta\u1e47h\u0101 <em>(\u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u2013 tham s\u00e2n, th\u01b0\u01a1ng gh\u00e9t). <\/em>Di\u1ec7t t\u1eaft nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a sa-m\u00f4n h\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u00f4n S\u01b0 th\u1eadt gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb m\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng cao si\u00eau. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i S\u0101riputta l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c n\u00ean l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf r\u1ea5t c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng, ch\u1eaft l\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n c\u00e1i tinh t\u1ee7y. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1t sanh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi h\u1eefu vi, c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn sanh l\u00e3o b\u1ec7nh t\u1eed s\u1ea7u bi kh\u1ed5 \u01b0u n\u00e3o: \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>\u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 dukkha\u201d. <\/em>Do b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n: Ta\u1e47h\u0101, \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 <em>\u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a dukkha\u201d. <\/em>V\u00e0 <em>\u201cs\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7t t\u1eaft nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf\u201d, <\/em>l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o! Do v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 minh s\u00e1t ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y l\u00e0 tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y. <em>\u201cTh\u1ea5y\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1n ng\u1ed9, <em>\u201cch\u1ee9ng\u201d <\/em>th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ec7m tu. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed th\u00ec <em>\u201cth\u1ea5y v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u201d, <\/em>ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>NGUY\u1ec6N L\u1ef0C<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Adhi\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201cNguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201cquy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 01 trong 10 ba-la-m\u1eadt <em>(p\u0101ram\u012b) <\/em><sup>(1)<\/sup> theo kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed ti\u1ebfp s\u1ee9c cho t\u01b0 t\u00e1c <em>(cetan\u0101) <\/em>ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tu Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u01b0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, Thinh V\u0103n Gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n: Nguy\u1ec7n trong t\u00e2m <em>(\u00fd), <\/em>nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi <em>(kh\u1ea9u) <\/em>v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>(th\u00e2n) <\/em>ba-la-m\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101 Gotama \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n \u1edf trong t\u00e2m su\u1ed1t 7 A-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3, nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi su\u1ed1t 9 A-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3, v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ba-la-m\u1eadt su\u1ed1t 4 A-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp <sup>(2)<\/sup>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Saky\u0101 Gotama ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ba- la-m\u1eadt tr\u1ea3i qua 24 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb Ph\u1eadt D\u012bpa\u1e45k\u0101ra <em>(Nhi\u00ean \u0110\u0103ng) <\/em>cho \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt Kassapa (Ca Di\u1ebfp); v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u1ee9 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n sinh t\u1eed, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0169ng <em>\u201cqu\u00ean\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201cl\u01a1 l\u00e0\u201d <\/em>nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u0169 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m, b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i, qua th\u00e1c, qua gh\u1ec1nh, chi\u1ebfc thuy\u1ec1n v\u1eabn t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111i ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh. Ch\u00fang ta, d\u00f9 tu s\u0129 hay c\u01b0 s\u0129, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh thu\u1ed9c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Nam t\u00f4ng, cu\u1ed1i b\u1ed5n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh, c\u00f3 ghi l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o kh\u00e1c, trong ng\u00e0y nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c T\u0103ng Th\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi b\u1ed1-th\u00ed ba-la-m\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed Vessantara \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><sup>(<\/sup><\/em>1) B\u1ed1 th\u00ed <em>(d\u0101na), <\/em>tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi <em>(s\u012bla), <\/em>xu\u1ea5t gia <em>(nekkhamma), <\/em>tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101), <\/em>tinh t\u1ea5n <em>(viriya), <\/em>nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i <em>(khant\u012b), <\/em>ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt <em>(sacca), <\/em>quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(athi\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na), <\/em>t\u00e2m t\u1eeb <em>(mett\u0101), <\/em>t\u00e2m x\u1ea3 <em>(upekkh\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 20 A-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp d\u00e0nh cho B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0103n c\u01a1 Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0103n c\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i, l\u00e0 40 A-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t c\u0103n c\u01a1 Tinh t\u1ea5n <em>(ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 ch\u00fang sanh) <\/em>th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i c\u0103n c\u01a1 \u0110\u1ee9c tin l\u00e0 80 A-t\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 100 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">n\u1eefa. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n quen h\u1ecfi nh\u1ecf t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c ch\u01b0a? T\u00f4i c\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i, ch\u01b0a, ch\u01b0a ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh l\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1edfi \u00fd ngh\u0129 l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd trong t\u00e2m l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c th\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh kho\u1ebb h\u01a1n! Ch\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c m\u1ec7t l\u1eafm, \u0111eo n\u00edu nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sanh, phi\u1ec1n l\u1eafm; r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n sinh t\u1eed tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n d\u00e0i d\u1eb1ng d\u1eb7c n\u1eefa, \u1edbn l\u1eafm!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng! D\u00f9 m\u1edbi kh\u1edfi nguy\u1ec7n l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c \u1edf trong t\u00e2m m\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed3ng quy v\u1ec1 ch\u1ed7 <em>\u201cm\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh\u201d <\/em>m\u1edbi k\u1ef3. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i n\u00e0o, ngo\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111i h\u1ecdp \u0111i h\u00e0nh \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e2u, ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 b\u1ed1- t\u00e1t. \u0110i k\u1ef5 gi\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1eadc c\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u00f4n T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1eebng, ch\u1ee9 th\u1eadt ra <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee3 th\u00ec ch\u1ee3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f4ng\u201d! <\/em>C\u00f3 tham d\u1ef1 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o x\u00e9t ra l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft; nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00f4 b\u1ed5. Ai m\u1eddi v\u00f4 phong tr\u00e0o n\u00e0y hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c kia \u2013 t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y b\u00ean sau c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n n\u00ean vi\u1ec7n c\u1edb gi\u00e0 l\u00e3o m\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i! Chuy\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p hay \u0111i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec tu\u1ef3 duy\u00ean ch\u00fat \u00edt \u2013 v\u00ec t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 <em>\u201cn\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec l\u1ed7i nhi\u1ec1u\u201d; <\/em>v\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c c\u00e2u kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng <em>\u201cIm l\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i m\u00f5 b\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d <\/em>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1ng kho\u00e1i h\u01a1n sao! Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng hay khi c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 l\u01b0\u1ee3t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, thi\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edf, mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0o n\u01a1i l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh! T\u1ebft, Xu\u00e2n &#8211; t\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1ed1n 20 ng\u00e0y hay m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng th\u1ea5y <em>\u201ckho\u1ebb re\u201d; <\/em>v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng gi\u00e0 c\u00e0ng th\u00edch c\u00f4 li\u00eau, t\u1ecbch m\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 hay h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n&#8230; Duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp thi\u1ec1n, 3,4 n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edd th\u00ec cho ngh\u1ec9 r\u1ed3i; v\u00e0 t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o, \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, h\u00e3y n\u1eafm <em>\u201cnguy\u00ean l\u00fd thi\u1ec1n\u201d, <\/em>linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 phong ph\u00fa khi giao ti\u1ebfp, \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gian \u0111a ph\u1ee9c: Ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y! <em>\u201cPh\u00e1p th\u1ef1c thuy\u1ebft\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 \u1edf trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi duy\u00ean sinh kh\u1ed5, l\u1ea1c m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng! <em>\u201cM\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng ch\u1eedi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3!\u201d. \u201cM\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng r\u01a1i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111ang \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3!\u201d <\/em>Gi\u1eefa ch\u1ee3, gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eddi ng\u00e0y nay tha h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, tha h\u1ed3 m\u00e0 t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00d4i! M\u1edbi c\u00f3 <em>\u201cnguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c trong t\u00e2m\u201d <\/em>th\u00f4i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 <em>\u201cchuy\u1ec3n\u201d <\/em>sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111i v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i c\u00f4 li\u00eau, c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3! Ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t, c\u1ea3 x\u1ea5u. T\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u00edt duy\u00ean sanh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t n\u1eefa l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft! X\u1ea5u do b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u1ea9n m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u n\u1eefa l\u00e0 do c\u00f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b\u00f3ng d\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 k\u1ef7, \u00edch k\u1ef7! Nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, <em>t\u00f4i-\u0111ang-l\u00e0-v\u1eady <\/em>th\u00ec t\u00f4i n\u00f3i th\u1eadt, s\u1ed1ng th\u1eadt v\u1eady th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a tu s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 s\u0129. T\u00f4i xin k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t chuy\u1ec7n x\u01b0a nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Ca-di\u1ebfp (Kassapa), c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c vua t\u00ean l\u00e0 Vijjit\u0101v\u012b tr\u1ecb v\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c gi\u00e0u m\u1ea1nh, kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 S\u0101gala xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1ee9c vua l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed, cai tr\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 b\u1eb1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng B\u1ed1n Ph\u00e1p T\u1ebf \u0110\u1ed9.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u1ea1i kinh \u0111\u00f4 ven s\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ee9c vua cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a l\u1edbn r\u1ed3i d\u00e2ng c\u00fang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u1ea1o cao \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng, su\u1ed1t th\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i h\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9 Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1, h\u1ebft tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd, h\u00f3a sanh l\u00e0m Thi\u00ean ch\u1ee7 c\u00f5i \u0110ao-l\u1ee3i, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ebf th\u00edch Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u1ede ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a do \u0111\u1ee9c vua b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u T\u0103ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac, duy tr\u00ec ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam T\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n. Trong ch\u00fang, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh trong s\u1ea1ch, h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng, ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c d\u1eady s\u1edbm, l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i Tam B\u1ea3o, qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Tam B\u1ea3o, t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n, kinh h\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i \u0111i qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn xung quanh ch\u00f9a. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>H\u00f4m kia, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u qu\u00e9t l\u00e1 quanh b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p, gom l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u1ed3i g\u1ecdi s\u01b0 sa-di ph\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed1t \u0111em \u0111\u1ed5 \u0111i. S\u01b0 sa-di ng\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t ngoan ngo\u00e3n, nh\u01b0ng h\u00f4m \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i sanh t\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd kh\u00f4ng nghe. G\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ea5y s\u01b0 sa-di v\u1eabn c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u b\u00e8n b\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1edbi, \u0111\u00e1nh cho ch\u00fa m\u1ea5y c\u00e1n ch\u1ed5i kh\u00e1 \u0111au. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 s\u01b0 sa-di v\u1eeba kh\u00f3c v\u1eeba h\u1ed1t r\u00e1c, \u1ea5m \u1ee9c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c xong xu\u00f4i, s\u01b0 sa-di ph\u00e1t l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u2018- V\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c n\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, d\u00f9 sanh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng xin cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n cao, ch\u1ee9c tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 oai l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u00f9 th\u1eafng h\u01a1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i \u1edf gi\u1eefa h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng kia v\u1eady\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Nguy\u1ec7n xong, h\u1ec3 h\u1ea3 v\u00e0 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, s\u01b0 sa-di \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng t\u1eafm. Khi b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i nh\u1edfn nh\u01a1 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00e2n t\u00e2m m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, s\u01b0 sa-di c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, t\u1ef1 ngh\u0129:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>-\u2018Th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u b\u1ea3o ta h\u1ed1t r\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i; c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y A-x\u00e0-l\u00ea, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eb1m ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda, h\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. V\u1eady \u0111\u00edch th\u1ecb ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1nh ta l\u00e0<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>mu\u1ed1n t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 ta, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e1nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1i t\u00ednh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng v\u00e0 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ta! \u00d4i! V\u00ec u m\u00ea m\u00e0 ta t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ta r\u1ed3i\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u00e2m m\u00ecnh d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u00f4ng, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 t\u1eadn \u0111u\u1ed5i nhau \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u1edd xa, s\u01b0 sa-di t\u00e2m c\u01a1 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00e1t l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u2018- V\u00ec thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 m\u1edbi sinh l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, sinh nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ea7m, n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i. V\u1eady th\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c b\u1ea5y l\u00e2u nay, ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i, xin nguy\u1ec7n r\u1eb1ng: N\u1ebfu ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, h\u00e3y cho t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110ang tr\u00ean b\u1ebfn, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng t\u1eafm, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 sa-di, ch\u1ed9t d\u1ea1, ngh\u0129 th\u1ea7m: \u2018Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 ch\u00fat l\u1ea7m l\u1ed7i s\u00e1ng nay, s\u01b0 sa-di n\u00e0y t\u1eeb l\u00e2u tu t\u1eadp r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ki\u1ec3m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00ed. V\u1eady v\u1edbi l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00fa sa-di h\u1eb3n s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng\u2019. Tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u ngh\u0129 ti\u1ebfp: \u2018Trong l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 sa-di, v\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 ph\u1ee5c thi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ta? Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a s\u01b0 sa-di n\u00e0y ng\u1ee7 ng\u1ea7m s\u1ef1 c\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u, ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n. V\u1eady n\u1ebfu l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n kia m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00ec tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ec1m b\u1edbt tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a y?\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>V\u00ec th\u1ebf, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p tay l\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eefa thinh kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1t l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i nguy\u1ec7n:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u2018- V\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c qu\u00e9t r\u00e1c bao nhi\u00eau n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, xin cho t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103m t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 s\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1i H\u1eb1ng.<\/em><\/li><li><em>V\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u00e0 ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 hai b\u1edd c\u1ee7a con s\u00f4ng n\u00e0y.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 g\u1ed1c ng\u1ecdn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Quang minh, s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a.<\/em><\/li><li><em>Qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1c, th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, s\u1eafc b\u00e9n.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Mong nh\u1edd tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, ph\u00e1 nghi, soi r\u1ecdi, d\u1eabn d\u1eaft s\u01b0 sa-di \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u2019.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>C\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u v\u00e0 sa-di, v\u1edbi l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y, sau khi tan r\u00e3 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m tr\u1eddi tr\u1ecdn th\u1eddi gian gi\u1eefa hai v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n g\u1ea7n n\u0103m tr\u0103m n\u0103m, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3- kh\u01b0u thu\u1edf x\u01b0a t\u1eeb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi gi\u00e1ng h\u1ea1 l\u00e0m Na-ti\u00ean t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u; v\u1ecb sa-di<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><em>sanh l\u00e0m vua Mi-lan-\u0111\u00e0 \u1edf kinh th\u00e0nh S\u0101gala \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi l\u1eddi nguy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ed9i dung c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e9t r\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 r\u00e1c th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng do nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch Mi Ti\u00ean v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p <em>(hay Na-ti\u00ean t\u1ef7 kheo), <\/em>h\u00e0m t\u00e0ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u00e2m s\u00e2u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi cho h\u00e0ng h\u1eadu t\u1ea5n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u1ea3 tam nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd nh\u01b0 ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u1eabn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf tr\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111ang \u1edf trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o \u2013 n\u00ean c\u1ee9 tu\u1ef3 duy\u00ean, thu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 <em>\u201cl\u00e0m\u201d. <\/em>Khi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n \u1edf trong t\u00e2m <em>(\u00fd) <\/em>th\u00ec c\u1ee9 \u1edf t\u00e2m m\u00e0 <em>\u201cquy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi \u00fd ch\u00ed s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1\u201d. <\/em>Khi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n \u1edf l\u1eddi n\u00f3i <em>(kh\u1ea9u) <\/em>th\u00ec c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i m\u00e0 <em>\u201cb\u00e0y t\u1ecf nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0\u201d. <\/em>Khi th\u1ea5y c\u1ea7n b\u1ed5 T\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t ba-la-m\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong 10 ba-la-m\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u1ee9 ba-la-m\u1eadt \u1ea5y m\u00e0 <em>\u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3\u201d (th\u00e2n). <\/em>N\u1ebfu l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady th\u00ec s\u1ef1 tu h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafc s\u1edbm mu\u1ed9n, tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 t\u1eed sinh\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mong l\u1eafm cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta v\u1eady thay!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>T\u00c2M T\u00c1NH V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 TU T\u1eacP<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo t\u00edch truy\u1ec7n Suva\u1e47\u1e47ak\u0101rattheravatthu \u1edf trong b\u1ed9 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Dhammapada\u1e6d\u1e6dhakath\u0101 c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 S\u0101riputta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn xin \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh; th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c v\u00f3c trai tr\u00e1ng, kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n b\u1ea3o, h\u00e3y ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh (asubha), c\u1ed1t \u00fd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tham \u00e1i. V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb v\u00e0o r\u1eebng, su\u1ed1t b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 ch\u0103m chuy\u00ean ni\u1ec7m 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ebfn ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm t\u1eed thi nh\u01b0ng \u2018t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh\u2019 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n ra. Ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n, v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u tr\u1ebb mu\u1ed1n ho\u00e0n t\u1ee5c.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 S\u0101riputta b\u00e8n d\u1eabn v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt r\u1ed3i k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i cho ng\u00e0i nghe. H\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>V\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u00f3 500 ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0m th\u1ee3 v\u00e0ng, th\u1ee3 b\u1ea1c; do t\u1eadp-qu\u00e1n-nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi n\u00ean b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u00f4ng ta nh\u00ecn c\u00e1i g\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3 (subha), c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh (asubha) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u!<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u00f3a ra m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e1 sen h\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1eafm to b\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n tay, trao cho v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u r\u1ed3i n\u00f3i:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li><em>\u00d4ng \u0111em \u0111o\u00e1 hoa n\u00e0y c\u1eafm v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t g\u00f2 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 v\u1eafng, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ng\u1ed3i nh\u00ecn, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea7m trong t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng \u2018lohitaka\u1e43&#8230;lohitaka\u1e43 &#8211; m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf\u2019, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i.<\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0110o\u00e1 hoa \u0111\u1eb9p, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c t\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u. Sau \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb \u0111o\u00e1 hoa \u0111\u1ecf th\u1eafm t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 h\u00e9o t\u00e0n, \u00faa r\u00e3; v\u1ecb t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111i v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qua c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 tu Ph\u1eadt, mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00f4ng h\u1ea1nh th\u00ec \u00edt ra c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 c\u0103n c\u01a1, t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh hay c\u00e1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, ai d\u1ea1y sao c\u0169ng tu, c\u0169ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u00f4i khi \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh m\u00ecnh, l\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m t\u00e1nh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 t\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00e2m t\u00e1nh, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 do h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00f3i quen, t\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p, t\u1eadp kh\u00ed c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra t\u00e2m t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>Trong Abhidhamma v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong Visuddhimagga c\u00f3 n\u00eau ra 6 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m t\u00ednh, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u1ea5y l\u00e0 <em>\u201ct\u00ednh tham, t\u00ednh s\u00e2n, t\u00ednh si, t\u00ednh t\u00edn, t\u00ednh tr\u00ed, t\u00ednh t\u1ea7m\u201d. <\/em>T\u1ea1m ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra c\u00e1c t\u00ednh tr\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xen l\u1eabn trong nhau, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- T\u00ednh Tham <em>(R\u0101gacarita)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh g\u1ed1c tham th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u00ean n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 tham \u00e1i, ham th\u00edch, m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm, t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1c quan m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ch\u00fang m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh; nh\u01b0 t\u1ed5n gi\u1ea3m s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe, hao t\u1ed1n ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u01b0 m\u1ee5c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c tham do h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean quen s\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh xa hoa, c\u00f3 <em>\u201cng\u0169 d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c\u201d <\/em>sung m\u00e3n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd t\u00e1i sanh xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y sau khi m\u1ec7nh chung \u1edf thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh tham th\u00ec bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00fac \u0111i: R\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, khoan thai, b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i nh\u1ecbp nh\u00e0ng, uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n.<\/li><li>L\u00fac tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u1ee7: H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u1eadm r\u00e3i, c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng. L\u00fac n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb7t th\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t g\u1ed1i m\u1ec1n, ch\u00e2n tay \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1eb3ng th\u1edbm, ngay ng\u1eafn; sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7, ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an \u1ed5n.<\/li><li>Qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u00fac qu\u00e9t s\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u1ea7m c\u00e1i ch\u1ed5i v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, qu\u00e9t s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n, kh\u00f4ng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng tung l\u00e1 r\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ee5i l\u00ean. M\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, t\u1eeb t\u1ed1n, c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. L\u00fac m\u1eb7c y \u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh tham kh\u00f4ng m\u1eb7c ch\u1eadt qu\u00e1, l\u1ecfng qu\u00e1, l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ngay ng\u1eafn, t\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea5t.<\/li><li>Qua c\u00e1ch \u0103n: Th\u00edch \u0103n v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c ng\u1ecdt ng\u00e0o, b\u00e9o b\u1ed5. Khi \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn hay qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf. \u0102n ch\u1eebng m\u1ef1c, v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb ngon.<\/li><li>Qua c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn: Khi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00edch \u00fd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed1c tham nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm l\u00e2u, t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, nh\u01b0 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 th\u00fa v\u1ecb. Khi \u0111i th\u00ec ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n r\u1eddi.<\/li><li>Qua t\u00e2m l\u00fd: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham c\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0: L\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, gian l\u1eadn, ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, \u00e1c d\u1ee5c, \u0111a d\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ecfm, khoe khoang&#8230; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh tham th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i, kh\u1ea3 h\u1ef7, kh\u1ea3 l\u1ea1c, d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm nh\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n t\u00e1nh tham n\u00e0y, <em>\u201ctham-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>khi tu t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1ed7 qu\u00e1 xinh, qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1eb9p; kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 ngon, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean m\u1eb7c y \u00e1o, d\u00e0y d\u00e9p, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng qu\u00e1 c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3, sang tr\u1ecdng. Ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9, ng\u1ed3i n\u1eb1m th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb. C\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00e2m tham d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sanh, d\u1ec5 d\u00ednh m\u1eafc. <em>\u201cTham-h\u00e0nh- gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn tr\u00fa x\u1ee9, ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00edch kho\u00e1i cho l\u1eafm th\u00ec c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t.<\/li><li>N\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111i b\u00e1ch b\u1ed9, \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 l\u00e2u.<\/li><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p, l\u1ee3i \u00edch nh\u1ea5t cho <em>\u201ctham-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n 10 t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a t\u1eed thi v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 32 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2- T\u00ednh S\u00e2n <em>(Dosacarita)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1 t\u00ednh g\u1ed1c s\u00e2n th\u00ec \u00edt t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4 nh\u1ea1t t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. H\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt b\u00e1m v\u00edu, d\u00ednh m\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e2u, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c <em>\u201c\u1edf l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3\u201d <\/em>ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh s\u00e2n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eebng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e2m ch\u00e9m, tra t\u1ea5n t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o ho\u1eb7c c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i n\u00e0y sau khi m\u1ec7nh chung \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, a-tu-la hay r\u1eafn r\u00edt, r\u1ed3ng, c\u1ecdp, beo&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eb7ng t\u00ednh s\u00e2n th\u00ec bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00fac \u0111i: Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00f3n ch\u00e2n, \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng nhanh, gi\u1edf l\u00ean nhanh, c\u00f3 v\u1ebb h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, v\u1ed9i v\u00e3.<\/li><li>L\u00fac tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7: H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng, c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng xong, gieo m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng ng\u1ee7 v\u1edbi khu\u00f4n m\u1eb7t kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u00e0nh. L\u00fac th\u1ee9c d\u1eady r\u1ea5t mau l\u1eb9. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ai th\u00ec c\u00f3 v\u1ebb b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu.<\/li><li>Qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u00fac qu\u00e9t t\u01b0\u1edbc, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh s\u00e2n c\u1ea7m ch\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eb7t nh\u01b0ng qu\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, g\u00e2y ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng, h\u1ea5t tung l\u00e1 r\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t l\u00ean. H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng. M\u1eb7c y \u00e1o th\u00ec h\u01a1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n, c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, sao c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng ch\u1ecbu s\u1eeda sai, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/li><li>Qua c\u00e1ch \u0103n: Th\u00edch \u0103n \u0111\u1ed3 dai v\u00e0 chua. Khi \u0103n, h\u1ecd \u0103n t\u1eebng mi\u1ebfng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ea3 mi\u1ec7ng, \u0103n h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, v\u1ed9i v\u00e0ng; kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb ngon. \u0102n c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng kho\u00e1i kh\u1ea9u l\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ef1c.<\/li><li>Qua c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn: C\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f3 \u01b0a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn l\u00e2u, th\u01b0\u1eddng hay xoi m\u00f3i nh\u1eefng khuy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1ecf, b\u1ecf qua nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c. Khi t\u1eeb gi\u00e3, h\u1ecd \u0111i ngay, \u0111i nhanh; c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0u luy\u1ebfn g\u00ec c\u1ea3.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Qua t\u00e2m l\u00fd: C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00ednh x\u1ea5u nh\u01b0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, th\u00edch ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, \u01b0a th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb, nhi\u1ec1u ganh t\u1ef5, d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec1m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh s\u00e2n d\u1ec5 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n, d\u1ec5 tr\u00e1i \u00fd, ngh\u1ecbch l\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n t\u00ednh s\u00e2n n\u00e0y, <em>\u201cs\u00e2n-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>khi tu t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1eb9p, ti\u1ec7n nghi, tinh t\u01b0\u01a1m, s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, ng\u0103n n\u1eafp&#8230; ngh\u0129a <a><\/a>l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh tham. \u0110\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng, y \u00e1o, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u1eadt u\u1ed1ng lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, th\u00edch \u00fd.<ul><li>Oai nghi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ho\u1eb7c ng\u1ed3i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Sau khi c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1o duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi s\u00e2n c\u0103n r\u1ed3i, <em>\u201cs\u00e2n-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>ph\u1ea3i c\u00f2n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m ho\u1eb7c 4 kasi\u1e47a v\u1ec1 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc (trong 4 m\u00e0u xanh, \u0111\u1ecf, tr\u1eafng, v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn m\u00e0u m\u00ecnh th\u00edch, \u00eam d\u1ecbu, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 m\u00e0u xanh).<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a <em>\u201cs\u00e2n-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>ph\u1ea3i l\u1edbn r\u1ed9ng, s\u00e2u; \u0111\u1eebng nh\u1ecf qu\u00e1, ch\u1eadt h\u1eb9p qu\u00e1 v\u00ec t\u00e2m s\u00e2n d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3- T\u00ednh Si <em>(Mohacarita)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh si c\u00f3 l\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u r\u01b0\u1ee3u, \u00edt ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n ho\u1eb7c t\u00e1i sanh xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f5i n\u00e0y sau khi ch\u1ebft \u1edf lo\u00e0i s\u00fac sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u00fac \u0111i: C\u00f3 d\u00e1ng \u0111i b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, nh\u1ea5c ch\u00e2n l\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n xu\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng do d\u1ef1, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t.<ul><li>L\u00fac tr\u1ea3i gi\u01b0\u1eddng: L\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngay ng\u1eafn, ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u1ee7 \u00fap m\u1eb7t, khi th\u1ee9c d\u1eady th\u00ec l\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb, t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Qua h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u00fac qu\u00e9t s\u00e2n, t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh si c\u1ea7m ch\u1ed5i l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, qu\u00e9t kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00e1t c\u1ecf r\u00e1c vung v\u1ea3i t\u1ee9 tung. L\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1. \u0102n m\u1eb7c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1m t\u1ea5t, ngay ng\u1eafn.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Qua c\u00e1ch \u0103n: \u0102n u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng r\u01a1i r\u1edbt lung tung, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed phi\u00eau l\u01b0u ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Qua c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00edch v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi. Nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta khen, ch\u00ea c\u0169ng khen ch\u00ea theo, n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n, lu\u00f4n v\u00f4 t\u00e2m, v\u00f4 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00ed.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Qua t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng: Th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edd \u0111\u1edd, \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea5t an, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00e2u lo; b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu r\u1eddi b\u1ecf.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh si th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, hay th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, d\u1ec5 m\u00ea t\u00edn, m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n t\u00ednh si n\u00e0y, <em>\u201csi-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>khi tu t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 ph\u1ea3i r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, kho\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u0103n b\u00edt, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/li><li>V\u1ec1 t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00f9ng, y \u00e1o, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 <em>\u201cs\u00e2n-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d.<\/em><\/li><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; Oai nghi th\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u00e0 \u0111i, l\u00e0 kinh h\u00e0nh.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi <em>\u201csi-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf ho\u1eb7c kasi\u1e47a v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i soong, c\u00e1i r\u1ed7&#8230;<\/li><li><strong>T\u00ednh T\u00edn <em>(Saddh\u0101carita)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a t\u00edn g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi tham, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng thi\u00ean n\u1eb7ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m. Trong l\u00fac tham t\u00e2m t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1c quan th\u00ec t\u00edn t\u00e2m c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra gi\u1eefa tham v\u00e0 t\u00edn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tham th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, t\u00edn th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i.<\/li><li>C\u00e1i g\u00ec tham c\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u00edn c\u00f3, tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00edn <a><\/a>th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, mong mu\u1ed1n g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh, thi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea7m c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi, nghe ph\u00e1p. H\u1ecd h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean, vui v\u1ebb, th\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c, tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u1eb9p, hay, ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh; th\u00edch nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u1eb1m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ee9c tin.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u00edn r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u1edbi thi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, t\u00e2m l\u00fd \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, x\u1eed s\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, tin c\u1eady. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n t\u00ednh t\u00edn n\u00e0y, <em>\u201ct\u00edn-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>khi tu t\u1eadp, n\u00ean nh\u1edb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u00e1nh t\u00edn l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t, l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c tham n\u00ean c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nh\u01b0 <em>\u201ctham-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d.<\/em><\/li><li>\u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi <em>\u201ct\u00edn-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 l\u1ee5c ni\u1ec7m: Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt, ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p, ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng, ni\u1ec7m Gi\u1edbi, ni\u1ec7m Th\u00ed, ni\u1ec7m Thi\u00ean.<\/li><li><strong>T\u00ednh Tr\u00ed hay T\u00ednh Gi\u00e1c <em>(Bodhicarita)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed gi\u00e1c g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u00e2n v\u00ec tr\u00ed m\u1ea1nh, nhanh th\u01b0\u1eddng do thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e1t sanh n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u00e2n \u00edt t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m ho\u1eb7c l\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m th\u00ec tr\u00ed c\u0169ng v\u1eady, t\u00ecnh nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n tr\u00ed.<\/li><li>S\u00e2n hay t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c &#8211; \u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 &#8211; c\u00f2n tr\u00ed c\u0169ng hay t\u00ecm l\u1ed7i, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. S\u00e2n bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ed ch\u1ec9 bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li><li>Qua c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0103n n\u00f3i, sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 t\u00ednh s\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh, \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u00ednh tr\u00ed d\u1ec5 n\u00f3i, d\u1ec5 d\u1ea1y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebft tri T\u1ee9c trong t\u1ee9 s\u1ef1, \u01b0a s\u1ef1<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a><a><\/a>th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p. T\u00ednh tr\u00ed hay t\u00ednh gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c n\u00ean t\u00e2m \u00edt v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng, \u00edt m\u01a1 m\u1ed9ng h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng trong v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y l\u00fac giao ti\u1ebfp, \u1ee9ng x\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n t\u00ednh tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, <em>\u201ctr\u00ed-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>khi tu t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 <em>\u201cs\u00e2n-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d. <\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh tr\u00ed ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 do c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u n\u00ean d\u1ec5 th\u00edch nghi v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh. \u0110\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a <em>\u201ctr\u00ed-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft <em>(mara\u1e47\u0101nussati), <\/em>ni\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n <em>(ni\u1ec7m t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh- <\/em><em>upasam\u0101nussati), <\/em>hay y\u1ec3m ly t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c \u0103n <em>(\u0101h\u0101re pa\u1e6dikk\u016blasa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101).<\/em><\/li><li><strong>T\u00ednh T\u1ea7m <em>(Vitakkacarita)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh t\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh si. Khi si gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt th\u00ec t\u1ea7m t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm, suy ngh\u0129 lung tung; v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ngay l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 c\u0169ng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, b\u1ea5t an. Si d\u1ec5 n\u00f4ng c\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea7m th\u00ec d\u1ec5 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f2, th\u00edch suy lu\u1eadn, ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e1nh t\u1ea7m th\u00edch n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u, d\u1ec5 h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng t\u00edch c\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n; n\u00f3 \u00edt khi ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec cho chu \u0111\u00e1o, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u0103n t\u00ednh t\u1ea7m n\u00e0y, <em>\u201ct\u1ea7m-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>khi tu t\u1eadp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u1edf ch\u1ed7 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i c\u00f3 non xanh n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ebfc, v\u01b0\u1eddn, ru\u1ed9ng, ao h\u1ed3, \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb xinh t\u01b0\u01a1i v\u00e0 th\u00f4n l\u00e0ng th\u1ea1nh m\u1eadu. Ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a <em>\u201ct\u1ea7m-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d <\/em>ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e2u k\u00edn ho\u1eb7c r\u1eebng s\u00e2u che khu\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ebf th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 v\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>\u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7m h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec kasi\u1e47a c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1ecf, h\u1eb9p<\/li><li>Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf r\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi <em>\u201ct\u1ea7m-h\u00e0nh-gi\u1ea3\u201d.<\/em><em><\/em><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc tr\u00ed n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t, c\u00e1 t\u00ednh d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eadp kh\u00ed t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1nh m\u00e0 t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft trong 6 t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, t\u00e1nh n\u00e0o nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 ta thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, tham kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 si, s\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 si; ri\u00eang si th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u00f4ng phu tu t\u1eadp s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb u\u1ed5ng ph\u00ed v\u00f4 \u00edch v\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ch\u1ebft n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd ng\u00e0y gi\u1edd!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>THI\u1ec0N \u0110\u1ecaNH<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>(Samatha-bh\u0101van\u0101)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bh\u0101van\u0101 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n; samatha ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng; c\u1ea3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb <em>\u201csamatha- <\/em><em>bh\u0101van\u0101\u201d <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, thi\u1ec1n ch\u1ec9 hay l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb khi thi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1t Ma &#8211; Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y sang Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n Zen, sang Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1eeb th\u1eddi T\u1ef3-ni-\u0111a-l\u01b0u-chi &#8211; \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a tam t\u1ed5 T\u0103ng X\u00e1n; r\u1ed3i sau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 L\u00e2m T\u1ebf, T\u00e0o \u0110\u1ed9ng&#8230; th\u00ec thi\u1ec1n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecf xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n minh s\u00e1t <em>(vipassan\u0101), <\/em>thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 hay tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u1eeb T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt. V\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng x\u01b0a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nay, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1eb3ng m\u1eb7n m\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh cho l\u1eafm. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng, ngay trong Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u00e0n, t\u1ed5 Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng cho ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m cho <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ea7u x\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1i\u201d, <\/em>ho\u1eb7c: <em>\u201cTr\u1ee5 t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 b\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ec1n\u201d. <\/em>V\u00e0 r\u00f5 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a Ngo\u1ea1 Lu\u00e2n: <em>\u201cNgo\u1ea1 Lu\u00e2n c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0i. C\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t tr\u0103m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi. B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Hu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i: <em>\u201cHu\u1ec7 N\u0103ng ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0i. Ch\u1eb3ng d\u1ee9t tr\u0103m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng. \u0110\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, t\u00e2m c\u1ee9 kh\u1edfi. B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m sao t\u0103ng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ebf l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o g\u1ed3m gi\u1edbi <em>(ng\u1eef, nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ea1ng), <\/em>\u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(t\u1ea5n<sup>(1)<\/sup>, ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1ecbnh) <\/em>v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 <em>(ki\u1ebfn, <\/em><em>t\u01b0 duy)? <\/em>\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 <em>\u201cc\u1ea7n <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u0111\u1ee7\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t; v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u00fd do n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eafc hai t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf. \u0110\u00eam tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ngh\u0129: <em>\u201c\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ef1 ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a ta \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> T\u1ea5n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m ri\u00eang, khi th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho gi\u1edbi, khi th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi th\u00eam n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c cho tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0111\u1ea1o m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a d\u1ee5c tham v\u00e0 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc; do v\u1eady, khi an tr\u00fa c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea5y th\u00ec b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 tham \u01b0u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ti\u1ec1m mi\u00ean\u201d. <\/em>R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee3t nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: \u201c<em>Thu\u1edf 5 tu\u1ed5i theo v\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee5 d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 h\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec1n, ta \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft-gi\u00e0 y\u00ean t\u0129nh, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c trong s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1 m\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng! V\u1eady th\u00ec sao ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ly d\u1ee5c, ly s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, ly b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00ea r\u1ed3i Siddhattha Gotama \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m trong s\u00e1ng h\u1ed3n nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tu\u1ed5i th\u01a1, l\u00e1t sau c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u00e2n t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ng\u00e3 s\u1edf; ch\u1ec9 nghe h\u01a1i gi\u00f3 v\u00e0o ra, c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng nh\u1eb9, c\u00e0ng m\u1ecfng&#8230; ng\u00e0i l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n, tam thi\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t g\u1eafng s\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i, Siddhattha Gotama tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh <sup>(2)<\/sup>, ng\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129<em>: \u201cPh\u1ea3i r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc th\u00ec sau khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t n\u00f3 th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng v\u1edbi t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc n\u00f3\u201d. <\/em>V\u1edbi c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y, Siddhattha Gotama tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ki\u00ean c\u1ed1, xu\u1ed1ng c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp&#8230; r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafc T\u1ee9c m\u1ea1ng minh&#8230; r\u1ed3i thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n minh. C\u0169ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u00e1n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eafc l\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh, ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc\u201d <\/em>Do v\u1eady, trong c\u00e1c Nik\u0101ya, khi m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: <em>\u201cLy d\u1ee5c, ly \u00e1c ph\u00e1p, ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 tr\u00fa thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c do ly d\u1ee5c sanh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m, c\u00f3 t\u1ee9\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o, cho ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, l\u00ean 4 thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc ho\u1eb7c tu tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i quay sang tu t\u1eadp minh s\u00e1t. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 \u0111i th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o minh s\u00e1t c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cc\u00e0n tu\u1ec7\u201d <\/em>hay <em>\u201ckh\u00f4 tu\u1ec7\u201d (sukkha-pa\u00f1\u00f1a) <\/em><sup>(3)<\/sup>: \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh hay l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1ea9n trong tu\u1ec7. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng l\u1ebd n\u00e0o<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(2)<\/sup> Trong \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 quan s\u00e1t m\u1edbi <em>\u201cngh\u0129 suy\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201cnh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(3)<\/sup> Sukkha c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4, kh\u00f4 khan &#8211; v\u00ec tu\u1ec7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tu th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 du h\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, t\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng 5, 7 ng\u00e0y g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <em>\u201cki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt\u201d <\/em>c\u1ea3 hay sao? Hy v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tu t\u1eeb!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb r\u01a1i v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft. C\u00f3 k\u1ebb khi c\u00f3 h\u1ef7 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n r\u1ed3i d\u1ec5 sinh d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng b\u01b0\u1edbc ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebb c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch <em>\u201c\u0111\u1ecbnh n\u0103ng sinh tu\u1ec7\u201d <\/em>m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i sa-\u0111\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 r\u1ed3i n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 cho tham v\u1ecdng ng\u00f4ng cu\u1ed3ng <em>(nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Devadatta). <\/em>C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ecbnh khi \u0111\u00e3 quen, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y an l\u1ea1c, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong <em>\u201cth\u00e1p ng\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1ed3i th\u00ec kh\u00f3 \u0111i ra th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc b\u00e0i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9! Kh\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u0169 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh nh\u1eabn, x\u1ea3, t\u1eeb, bi&#8230;! N\u1ebfu \u1edf m\u00e3i trong th\u00e1p ng\u00e0, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y, th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e2m n\u00f3 thu r\u00fat l\u1ea1i, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, \u00edch k\u1ef7, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n an to\u00e0n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 th\u00f4i, th\u1ebf gian m\u1eb7c k\u1ec7! V\u1eady, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 do c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cth\u1ee7 t\u1ecbnh\u201d <\/em>m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ho\u1eb7c Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng ch\u00ea l\u00e0 <em>\u201cti\u00eau nha, b\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u00e2y! <sup>(4)<\/sup> Mong r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m <em>\u201cti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba\u201d <\/em>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch oan u\u1ed5ng! Ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb Thanh V\u0103n ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n, ph\u1ea3i minh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3! Kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 <em>\u201cth\u1ee7 t\u1ecbnh\u201d <\/em>\u00edch k\u1ef7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3i qua ba n\u0103m, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u00ec c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00f4m nay r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 b\u1ee9c x\u00fac do ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh xung quanh.<\/li><li>Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec5 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, m\u1ec1m y\u1ebfu.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bu\u00f4ng lung, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t, h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p, v\u1ed9i v\u00e3.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ednh kh\u00ed th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1edbm n\u1eafng, chi\u1ec1u m\u01b0a.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung t\u00e2m \u00fd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/li><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(4)<\/sup> C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ai ch\u00ea ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00e0 <em>\u201cti\u00eau nha, b\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7ng\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec c\u1ee9 xem \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb Thanh V\u0103n, nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 S\u0101riputta, Moggall\u0101na, Mah\u0101 Kassapa&#8230; m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea7n th\u00ec h\u00e3y suy ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ebd b\u1ecb <em>\u201cr\u00fat l\u01b0\u1ee1i\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea5y!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>&#8211;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7n kinh y\u1ebfu, d\u1ec5 m\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh t\u1ec9nh, thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7.<ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh tim, b\u1ec7nh th\u1eadn, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n ti\u00eau ho\u00e1.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao t\u00e2m, lao l\u1ef1c qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u&#8230;<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa, nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa&#8230; thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u00e2n t\u00e2m ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i sinh l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i, n\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u1ee5c tr\u1eb7c ho\u1eb7c x\u01a1 c\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o do kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng, \u00e2m d\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i \u00edch. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 <em>\u201ctuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o\u201d <\/em>tr\u00ean n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i ngang \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ef1 m\u00e3n ngang \u0111\u00f3, l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u0103n b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f3 ch\u1eefa, l\u1ea1i sinh ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3, s\u1edf \u0111\u1eafc, d\u1ee5c tham&#8230; r\u1ed3i s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thi\u00ean h\u1ea1 c\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00ea v\u00e0 nh\u1ea1o b\u00e1ng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f5ng tai, <em>\u201cnh\u0129 thu\u1eadn\u201d <\/em>m\u00e0 nghe v\u1eady!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, bao gi\u1edd, Tu\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f9ng c\u00f3, c\u00f9ng song h\u00e0nh, c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t <em>\u201ckh\u1ed5 \u0111au tham s\u00e2n <\/em><em>phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o\u201d <\/em>ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khen ng\u1ee3i nh\u01b0 trong Kinh L\u1eddi V\u00e0ng 384:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7y B\u1edd kia s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ee9c th\u00ec Bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eb1ng th\u00fac \u0111o\u1ea1n ly<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>L\u00e0 sa-m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 li\u1ec5u tri, t\u1ecf t\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>(Yad\u0101 dvayesu dhammesu, p\u0101rag\u016b hoti br\u0101hma\u1e47o, athassa sabbe sa\u1e43yog\u0101, attha\u1e43 gacchanti j\u0101nato).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>H\u01a0I TH\u1ede \u0110\u1ecaNH<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean trang m\u1ea1ng thuvienhoasen.org, h\u1ec5 b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0o li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c x\u00fac, b\u1ea5t an c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft; nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0o c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, quan t\u00e2m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft thi\u00ean tr\u1ecdng v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec qu\u00e1 xa v\u1eddi th\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 \u00edt \u0111i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng m\u1eebng v\u1eady. \u0110\u00e1ng m\u1eebng v\u00ec Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng Ni, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed trong <em>\u201cth\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ea1t ph\u00e1p\u201d <\/em>n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi <em>\u201cmu\u1ed1n\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c tu qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm l\u1eafm!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1edf d\u0129 t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec, sau m\u1ea5y b\u00e0i v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0i email h\u1ecfi c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u00edt th\u1edf trong khi tu t\u1eadp n\u1ed9i qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng khi l\u0103ng x\u0103ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng. Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean t\u00f4i s\u1ebd vi\u1ebft hai b\u00e0i, tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y hai n\u1ed9i dung li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1i th\u1edf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7, n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 h\u01a1i-th\u1edf-\u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u01a1i-th\u1edf-tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i n\u00e0y n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh <em>(c\u00e1ch th\u1edf v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n <\/em><em>tu\u1ec7 h\u1eb9n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i sau). <\/em>V\u00e0 d\u0129 nhi\u00ean, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t an, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m; ngo\u00e0i ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u1ea5c thang, l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean <em>\u201cth\u1eafng v\u1ee9c\u201d<\/em>cao h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi tham s\u00e2n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111i v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1edf th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng th\u1edf, nh\u01b0ng th\u1edf trong tu t\u1eadp ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1edf v\u00f4 th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1ch th\u1edf b\u1ea3n n\u0103ng v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. S\u1edf d\u0129 h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c v\u00ec n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u1edf b\u00ean ta v\u00e0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. H\u00e3y th\u1eed t\u1eadp quan s\u00e1t, khi n\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp, \u0111\u1ee9t kh\u00fac ho\u1eb7c r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n l\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tim, m\u1ea1ch, b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 kh\u00ed huy\u1ebft&#8230; Khi n\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, nh\u1ecbp \u0111i v\u00e0o ra \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m sinh l\u00fd b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i th\u1ec3 thao nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1n kinh, c\u1eed t\u1ea1, b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i&#8230; do t\u1ebf b\u00e0o c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u oxy n\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">th\u1edf g\u1ea5p, th\u1edf v\u1ed9i l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u sinh l\u00fd b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Nh\u01b0ng khi n\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00fd b\u1ea5t an, lo l\u1eafng, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, n\u00f3ng gi\u1eadn, b\u1ee9c x\u00fac&#8230; l\u00e0m cho h\u01a1i th\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y m\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec1n h\u01a1i th\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n duy\u00ean c\u1ea3nh, b\u1ecb t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi c\u1ea3nh n\u00ean n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f3 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n, d\u1ecbch ho\u00e1, thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y sang d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c, hai gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, hai s\u00e1t-na kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd A b\u1eb1ng A \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang lu\u00f4n A ph\u1ea9y, A hai ph\u1ea9y, A ba ph\u1ea9y&#8230; \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt mu\u00f4n \u0111\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh t\u00e2m linh c\u1ed5 truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p cho nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u01b0ng l\u1eafng, t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4 th\u00e1o c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tinh th\u1ea7n, cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh: \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u00e1t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m linh, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 40 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng l\u00e0m <a><\/a>ng\u01b0ng l\u1eafng nh\u1eefng xung \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00f4 th\u00e1o, g\u1ed1c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai l\u1ea7m \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111au kh\u1ed5 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m, \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0ng l\u1eafng m\u1ecdi lao xao, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, bu\u00f4ng lung, b\u1ea5t an. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u0103m, b\u1ea3y ph\u00fat th\u00ec t\u00e2m ta t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi y\u00ean l\u1eafng n\u0103m, b\u1ea3y ph\u00fat. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf, s\u00e2u th\u00eam, t\u00e2m ta c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng y\u00ean l\u1eafng m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng, hai ti\u1ebfng, ba ti\u1ebfng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u <em>(an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh), <\/em>s\u00e1u c\u0103n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9, s\u00e1p nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng bhavanga \u2013 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 ngon kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb. N\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sinh l\u1ef1c b\u1ecb hao t\u1ed5n, b\u1ecb ti\u00eau t\u00e1n\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u00f3 n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 n\u0103m b\u01b0\u1edbc k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c n\u1ed1i nhau kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n c\u00e1ch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1- T\u1ea7m t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(vitakka)<\/em><\/strong>: <strong>\u0110\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m-thu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean <em>(th\u012bna- <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>middha)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngh\u0129a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a <em>\u201ct\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ea7m\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi t\u01b0 duy, kh\u1edfi \u00fd ngh\u0129, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng trong thi\u1ec1n <em>(jh\u0101na) <\/em>ta s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng <em>\u201ct\u1ea7m\u201d <\/em>v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e1n s\u00e1t, \u00e1p s\u00e1t v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1eeba m\u1edbi t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n ta ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i xem h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a ta n\u00f3 ra l\u00e0m sao! C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edf ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edf d\u00e0i, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nh\u1eb9, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1edf n\u1eb7ng. Kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. Ta ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c xem n\u00f3 v\u1eady th\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng quen nh\u00ecn <em>\u201cvu v\u01a1, v\u00f4 \u00edch\u201d <\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m b\u1ea3y h\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u00f4i th\u00ec sinh bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n, d\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3i, l\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb, \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn, bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ee7. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 <em>\u201ch\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, thu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean\u201d <\/em>n\u1ea7y,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb n\u00f3 chi ph\u1ed1i th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, hu\u1ed1ng n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 gia c\u00f4ng, <a><\/a>ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea5n. <em>\u201cH\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3i, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf. <em>\u201cThu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean\u201d <\/em>l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3i, m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n. V\u1eady khi n\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u, tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba k\u1ec3, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf, t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm l\u1ea1i h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0 \u0111eo b\u00e1m n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng l\u01a1i m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc n\u00e0o. L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady th\u00ec <em>\u201ch\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, thu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean\u201d <\/em>t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>\u201ct\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o\u201d <\/em>l\u1ea1i, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>\u201cm\u1edf m\u1eaft\u201d <\/em>ra, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng <em>\u201cd\u1ef1ng t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady\u201d, <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb bu\u1ed3n ch\u00e1n, d\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee3i, l\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb, \u0111\u1edd \u0111\u1eabn, bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7 chi ph\u1ed1i n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n chi ph\u00e1t sanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 vitakka <em>(t\u1ea7m) <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m-thu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean <em>(th\u012bna-middha) <\/em>r\u1ed3i v\u1eady. T\u1ea7m, vit\u1ea1kka, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u01a1i th\u1edf, nh\u01b0 con ong bay \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111o\u00e1 hoa c\u00f3 m\u1eadt nhu\u1ef5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, thu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean qu\u00e1, <em>\u201ct\u1ea7m\u201d <\/em>kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00ec ta n\u00ean \u0111i r\u1eeda m\u1eb7t r\u1ed3i ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ta n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m l\u00ean tr\u00e1n ho\u1eb7c huy\u1ec7t b\u00e1ch h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn kh\u00ed \u0111i l\u00ean &#8211; v\u00ec h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, thu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00ed \u0111i xu\u1ed1ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2- T\u1ee9 t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(vic\u0101ra)<\/em>: \u0110\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb nghi, nghi ng\u1edd, nghi nan, nghi <\/strong><strong>ho\u1eb7c <em>(vicikicch\u0101)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a c\u0103n b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 d\u00e1n s\u00e1t, \u00e1p s\u00e1t, quan s\u00e1t. Nghi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa tin v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tin n\u00ean n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u01b0ng ch\u1eebng, l\u00e0 l\u1eedng l\u01a1, l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng hai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi thi\u1ec1n chi <em>\u201ct\u1ea7m\u201d (vitakka) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai ph\u00fat sau t\u00e2m ta l\u1ea1i <em>\u201cqu\u00ean\u201d <\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf, n\u00f3 ch\u1ea1y v\u00f4 r\u1ed3i ch\u1ea1y ra, kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, do d\u1ef1, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft, d\u00f9ng d\u1eb1ng n\u1eeda \u1edf n\u1eeda \u0111i, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f2n nghi ng\u1edd, nghi ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00edt sao, g\u1eafn kh\u00edt. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n theo d\u00f5i, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t, quan s\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eebng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1eebng l\u01a1 l\u00e0 th\u00ec tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i vicikicch\u0101 <em>(nghi) <\/em>t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 qua b\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 hai, th\u00eam m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec1n chi n\u1eefa ph\u00e1t sanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra), <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nghi <em>(vicikicch\u0101) <\/em>r\u1ed3i v\u1eady. T\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra), <\/em>ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng l\u01a1i l\u00e0, quan s\u00e1t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nh\u01b0 con ong sau khi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm <em>(t\u1ea7m) <\/em>\u0111o\u00e1 hoa, th\u1ea5y \u0111o\u00e1 hoa r\u1ed3i, n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00e0 so\u00e1t, quan s\u00e1t \u0111o\u00e1 hoa <em>(t\u1ee9).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong khi <em>\u201ch\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m thu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201cnghi\u201d <\/em>\u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi hai thi\u1ec1n chi <em>\u201ct\u1ea7m\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201ct\u1ee9\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec h\u01a1i th\u1edf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u y\u00ean. V\u00e0 khi h\u01a1i th\u1edf y\u00ean th\u00ec th\u00e2n s\u1ebd y\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n v\u1ed1n quen t\u1ef1 do, quen nh\u00fac nh\u00edch, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1eaft tr\u00f3i n\u00f3, b\u1eaft n\u00f3 y\u00ean, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, do <a><\/a>v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111au, nh\u1ee9c, t\u00ea, ng\u1ee9a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3. Ta \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 <em>\u201cl\u00e0m n\u0169ng\u201d, \u201ctr\u1edf ch\u1ee9ng\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf, kh\u1edfi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m d\u00ednh ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u1eebng xao l\u00e3ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kia s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Ta c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khi ng\u1ed3i b\u00e1n gi\u00e0 hay ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0, do ch\u00e2n tr\u00e9o l\u00ean nhau n\u00ean s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hai m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e8n \u00e9p n\u00ean ph\u00e1t sanh t\u00ea, \u0111au. C\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 y\u00ean, \u0111\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i oai nghi. C\u1ee9 ng\u1ed3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u1eadn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00f3, c\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3i, m\u1ea1ch m\u00e1u ngh\u1ebdn n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng. R\u1ed3i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu sau \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ta.<\/li><li>Khi b\u1ecb ng\u1ee9a hay b\u1ecb mu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ed1t b\u1ecb nh\u1ee9c c\u0169ng n\u00ean l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean, ng\u1ee9a, nh\u1ee9c s\u1ebd t\u1eeb t\u1eeb tan m\u1ea5t \u0111i.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3- Ph\u1ec9 t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(p\u012bti): <\/em>\u0110\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb v\u1edbi s\u00e2n <em>(vy\u0101p\u0101da)<\/em><\/strong><strong><em><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, khoan kho\u00e1i. S\u00e2n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng v\u1eeba l\u00f2ng, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch th\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e2n hoan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi thi\u1ec1n chi t\u1ea7m <em>(vitakka) <\/em>v\u00e0 t\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra) <\/em>\u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sanh hi\u1ec7u<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1i th\u1edf, d\u00ednh kh\u00edt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111au, nh\u1ee9c, t\u00ea, ng\u1ee9a s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa; \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, b\u1ee9t r\u1ee9t, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu lu\u00f4n. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o ra b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, thanh m\u1ea3nh; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, an l\u00e0nh, khoan kho\u00e1i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn cho th\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ec9 <em>(p\u012bti). <\/em>V\u00e0 khi thi\u1ec1n chi ph\u1ec9 <em>(p\u012bti) <\/em>ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec s\u00e2n <em>(vy\u0101p\u0101da) <\/em>s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t. Nh\u01b0 con ong bay \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111o\u00e1 hoa, th\u1ea5y \u0111o\u00e1 hoa r\u1ed3i n\u00f3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111o\u00e1 hoa, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f2 c\u00e1i v\u00f2i v\u00e0o nhu\u1ef5 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00fat m\u1eadt hoa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ec9 <em>(p\u012bti) <\/em>t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n. Khi t\u1ea7m t\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p s\u00e1t, duy tr\u00ec li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, mi\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00ec ph\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t sanh; n\u00f3 trung t\u00ednh, thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3, n\u01a1i th\u00e2n s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t sanh m\u1ed9t, hai ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng p\u012bti r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, r\u1ea5t khoan kho\u00e1i sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ef7 <em>(khuddaka-p\u012bti), <\/em>n\u1ed5i da g\u00e0, m\u1ecdc \u1ed1c, r\u1ea7n r\u1ea7n c\u1ea3<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>S\u00e1t na h\u1ef7 <em>(khanika-p\u012bti), <\/em>ch\u1edbp, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng&#8230;<\/li><li>H\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u h\u1ef7 <em>(okkantika-p\u012bti), <\/em>nh\u01b0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0 <a><\/a>v\u00f5ng ru \u00eam.<\/li><li>Ubbega-p\u012bti <em>(khinh h\u1ef7, th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u0103ng h\u1ef7), <\/em>nh\u1eb9 l\u00e2ng l\u00e2ng nh\u01b0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed1c l\u00ean, bay l\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Phara\u1e47a-p\u012bti <em>(sung m\u00e3n h\u1ef7), <\/em>th\u1ea5m m\u00e1t, t\u1ea9m m\u00e1t c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n th\u00e2n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ea7y ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f2n th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt, b\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, ki\u1ebfp kia th\u00ec bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m sai, do v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 xen v\u00e0o qu\u1ea5y r\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi ph\u1ec9 n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t sanh r\u1ed3i, s\u00e2n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu, th\u00ec <em>\u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 l\u00fac n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean vi t\u1ebf, nh\u1eb9 m\u1ecfng, ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u00edch l\u00ean, nh\u00edch xu\u1ed1ng. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 nh\u00fam b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n di chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng l\u00ean. Ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi xung quanh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n theo d\u00f5i quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4- L\u1ea1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf <em>(sukha): <\/em>\u0110\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 <em>(uddhacca &#8211; <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>kukkucca).<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea1c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an l\u00e0nh, an l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. Tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i l\u00e0 g\u1ecdi chung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u0103ng x\u0103ng, lao xao, bu\u00f4ng lung, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, \u0103n n\u0103n, h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1. V\u1eady n\u1ebfu ph\u1ec9 l\u00e0 khoan kho\u00e1i d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, th\u00ec l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 len v\u00e0o t\u00e2m, l\u00e0m cho t\u00e2m no \u0111\u1ea7y, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. V\u00e0 khi l\u1ea1c no \u0111\u1ee7, tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y, m\u00e3n T\u1ee9c th\u00ec tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, t\u00e2m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u d\u1eebng l\u1eb7ng, \u1edf y\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf. N\u1ebfu t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eafn, m\u1ea3nh th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf, c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn, c\u00e0ng m\u1ea3nh. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n th\u00ec c\u0169ng v\u1eady. H\u00e3y c\u1ee9 quan s\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf, quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00f3 ra sao th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c theo d\u00f5i n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 ng\u1eafn, hay b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m c\u1ee9 nh\u00edch l\u00ean nh\u00edch xu\u1ed1ng. C\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m \u1ea5y c\u00f2n di \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u1ee9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i an l\u1ea1c, theo \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1, len th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>T\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 con ong, sau khi h\u00fat m\u1eadt nhu\u1ef5 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 no n\u00ea, tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5-&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; t\u00e2m&nbsp;&nbsp; t\u00e2m&nbsp;&nbsp; s\u1edf&nbsp;&nbsp; <em>(ekaggat\u0101):&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <\/em>\u0110\u1ed1i&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; tr\u1ecb&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; d\u1ee5c&nbsp;&nbsp; l\u1ea1c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(k\u0101machanda).<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u1edf y\u00ean, d\u1eebng l\u1eb7ng th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i d\u1eebng l\u1eb7ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i s\u00e2u, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u0129nh ch\u1ec9. Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eady th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 quan s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf. C\u1ee9 mi\u00ean m\u1eadt ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e1m c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u00ec m\u00e0u x\u00e1m b\u1eaft d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u x\u00e1m b\u1ea1c r\u1ed3i x\u00e1m trong. C\u1ee9 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m m\u00e3i v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng x\u00e1m trong, m\u00e0u x\u00e1m s\u1ebd d\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e1ng trong. L\u00fac n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e1ng trong kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u00fac nh\u00edch n\u1eefa, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng. Ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u00e1ng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y, thi\u1ec1n <em>(jh\u0101na) <\/em>g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cquang t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d, <\/em>n\u1eafm b\u1eaft quang t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u, tr\u1ea3i qua 7 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m <em>(javana) <\/em><sup>(1)<\/sup>. \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1ea1n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e2u l\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9. \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00ec m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, nh\u01b0ng khi v\u00e0o an ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec s\u00e1u c\u0103n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nghe c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u1edf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1ea7n n\u1eefa; ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y b\u00ecnh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng bhava\u1e47ga, nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 ngon kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9ng m\u1ecb. C\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00f2n \u1edf c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o an ch\u1ec9 th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00f5i s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y th\u00ec m\u1ecdi ham mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf d\u1ee5c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ecd h\u01b0\u1edfng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><sup>(1)<\/sup> Trong 7 s\u00e1t-na c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m <em>(javana), <\/em>c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m sau \u0111\u00e2y: Parikamma <em>(chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb); <\/em>up\u0101cara <em>(c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh); <\/em>anuloma <em>(thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9); <\/em>gotrabh\u016b <em>(chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1nh); <\/em>appan\u0101 <em>(an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Parikamma <em>(chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb): <\/em>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb thu nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0103n c\u01a1 tr\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9n, ch\u1eadm l\u1ee5t m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u00e1t- na t\u00e2m n\u00e0y. C\u00f2n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0103n c\u01a1 nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n, mau l\u1eb9 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1t-na chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb.<\/li><li>Up\u0101cara <em>(c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh): <\/em>C\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u00e1t-na \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e2y kh\u1eafc s\u1eafp \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong sinh ho\u1ea1t th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt.<\/li><li>Anuloma <em>(thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9): <\/em>S\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp theo c\u1ee7a l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc, thu\u1eadn v\u1edbi s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m \u0111i sau.<\/li><li>Gotrabh\u016b <em>(chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1nh): <\/em>\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m n\u00e0y t\u1eeb b\u1edd c\u00f5i D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, chuy\u1ec3n t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc sang c\u00f5i S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/li><li>Appan\u0101 <em>(an ch\u1ec9): <\/em>S\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m S\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tham mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee5c v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t n\u1eefa m\u00e0 nu\u00f4i s\u1ed1ng t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a><\/a>l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh.. V\u00ed nh\u01b0 con ong sau khi h\u00fat no n\u00ea m\u1eadt nhu\u1ef5 n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ng\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 ngon l\u00e0nh ngay tr\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1 hoa!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, an ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t-na r\u1ed3i di\u1ec7t. Tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ecbnh thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c, th\u00e2m s\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, an tr\u00fa t\u00e2m, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eef m\u00e3i s\u00e1t-na t\u00e2m n\u00e0y sanh di\u1ec7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c hai ti\u1ebfng, b\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfng, hay m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam r\u1eb1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00f9y theo <em>\u201cnguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c\u201d <\/em>c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 theo \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: <em>&#8220;T\u00f4i nguy\u1ec7n nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1eebng ba ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 r\u1ed3i x\u1ea3\u201d. <\/em>L\u1eddi ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea9n, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c tin tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0i nghi th\u00ec ch\u1eebng ba ti\u1ebfng sau, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 <em>\u201can tr\u00fa\u201d<\/em>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 gi\u1eef m\u00e3i <em>\u201cs\u00e1t-na an ch\u1ec9 sinh di\u1ec7t\u201d <\/em>li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong ba ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m <em>(l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecbnh) <\/em>khi n\u0103m tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i b\u1ecb n\u0103m thi\u1ec1n chi kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf, do v\u1eady, tham s\u00e2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ecb ng\u01b0ng l\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1edfi sanh\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01a1i th\u1edf hay l\u00e0 h\u01a1i-th\u1edf-\u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u01b0u \u00fd l\u00e0 <em>\u201ct\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf\u201d <\/em>do ch\u00fa t\u00e2m mi\u00ean m\u1eadt, do t\u01b0\u1edfng sanh, bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh <em>\u201cquang t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d <\/em>m\u1edbi \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quang t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>H\u01a0I TH\u1ede TU\u1ec6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u201c- N\u1ea7y, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y t\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u! \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 thanh l\u1ecdc t\u00e2m (an t\u1ecbnh, thanh t\u1ecbnh) cho ch\u00fang sanh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tho\u00e1t s\u1ea7u bi (s\u1ea7u bu\u1ed3n, bi ai), di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb \u01b0u n\u00e3o (\u01b0u t\u01b0, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o), th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, ni\u1ec7m th\u1ecd, ni\u1ec7m t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o n\u1ed9i dung tu t\u1eadp \u1ea5y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft <a><\/a>c\u00f3 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ecd, 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 16 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7. Li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi b\u00e0i <em>\u201ch\u01a1i-th\u1edf<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>-\u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d, <\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201ch\u01a1i-th\u1edf-tu\u1ec7\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A- B\u1ed1n C\u00e1ch Th\u1edf Thu\u1ed9c V\u1ec1 Th\u00e2n:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>Khi th\u1edf v\u00f4 d\u00e0i <em>(d\u012bgha), <\/em>tu\u1ec7 tri <em>(paj\u0101n\u0101ti) <\/em>\u0111ang th\u1edf v\u00f4 d\u00e0i. Khi th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i, tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111ang th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i.<\/li><li>Khi th\u1edf v\u00f4 ng\u1eafn <em>(rassa), <\/em>tu\u1ec7 tri <em>(paj\u0101n\u0101ti) <\/em>\u0111ang th\u1edf v\u00f4 ng\u1eafn.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi th\u1edf ra ng\u1eafn, tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111ang th\u1edf ra ng\u1eafn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch th\u1edf n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm b\u1eaft cho r\u00f5 ngh\u0129a hai ch\u1eef tu\u1ec7 tri. Tu\u1ec7 tri n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng tri v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c tri. T\u01b0\u1edfng tri <em>(sa\u00f1j\u0101n\u0101ti) <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u1edfng <em>(sa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101), <\/em>bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t qua d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, m\u00e0u s\u1eafc&#8230; Th\u1ee9c tri <em>(vij\u0101n\u0101ti) <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c <em>(vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101\u1e47a), <\/em>bi\u1ebft qua ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 quan. T\u01b0\u1edfng tri v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c tri th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, sai l\u1ea7m do v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p chi ph\u1ed1i. Tu\u1ec7 tri <em>(paj\u0101n\u0101ti), <\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101), <\/em>l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh. V\u1eady, khi th\u1edf v\u00f4 th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i, ta kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00f4, h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra d\u00e0i \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eebng di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1eebng li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng g\u00ec c\u1ea3. N\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 &#8211; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 tri \u2013 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 <em>\u201ch\u01a1i th\u1edf tu\u1ec7\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; R\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y! Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 tri \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 ch\u1ee9, r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 n\u1eefa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1c. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i m\u00e1y ch\u1ee5p h\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3a hoa, b\u1ee5i tr\u00fac, ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai&#8230; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee5p nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y! Nh\u01b0 khi b\u1ea1n \u0111i trong \u0111\u00eam v\u1edbi c\u00e2y \u0111\u00e8n pin tr\u00ean tay, b\u1ea1n r\u1ecdi s\u00e1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed3i xem c\u00f3 b\u1ee5i b\u1edd gai g\u1ed1c h\u1ea7m h\u1ed1 g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c nh\u00ecn, quan s\u00e1t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, tu\u1ec7 tri l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe, quan s\u00e1t tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp h\u01a1i th\u1edf d\u00e0i ng\u1eafn, v\u00e0o ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, kh\u00e1ch quan nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf &#8211; \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0!<ul><li>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1edf s\u00e2u, th\u1edf d\u00e0i g\u00ec c\u1ea3 &#8211; h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec ghi nh\u1eadn, quan s\u00e1t n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eebng c\u00f3 d\u00f9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00ecnh b\u1ee5ng, n\u00e9n h\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111an \u0111i\u1ec1n &#8211; kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1edf c\u1ee7a kh\u00ed c\u00f4ng ho\u1eb7c Yoga &#8211; ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady! Ngo\u00e0i ra, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd ch\u1eef d\u00e0i <em>(d\u012bgha) <\/em>v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn <em>(rassa). <\/em>Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec d\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u00f4i v\u1edbi s\u00e2u, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p d\u00e0i m\u00e0 th\u00f4 th\u00e1o ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 s\u00e2u; c\u00f2n ng\u1eafn th\u00ec \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eafn nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, thanh m\u1ea3nh&#8230; \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong s\u1ed1 thi\u1ec1n sinh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, c\u00f3 th\u1ebf san s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y cho h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang nghe, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Xin v\u00e2ng! M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i &#8211; T\u00f9y theo c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ecba m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u01a1i th\u1edf d\u00e0i, s\u00e2u; c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ng\u1eafn, c\u1ea1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng. D\u00e0i, s\u00e2u c\u1ee9 ghi nh\u1eadn d\u00e0i, s\u00e2u; ng\u1eafn, c\u1ea1n th\u00ec c\u1ee9 ghi nh\u1eadn ng\u1eafn, c\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng, th\u1eadt ra, khi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o ng\u1ed3i, h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a ta n\u00f3 th\u00f4 th\u00e1o, \u0111\u00f4i khi d\u1ed3n d\u1eadp v\u00e0 ng\u1eafn, c\u1ea1n. L\u00e1t sau, khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01a1i th\u1edf r\u1ed3i, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 y\u00ean r\u1ed3i th\u00ec h\u01a1i th\u1edf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, thanh m\u00e3nh, t\u1ebf vi h\u01a1n. N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, theo con, h\u01a1i th\u1edf ng\u1eafn d\u00e0i, c\u1ea1n s\u00e2u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, quan s\u00e1t n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thanh th\u1ea3n v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean!<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u1eea, th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang! C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Con c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch thi\u1ec1n. \u1ede ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, con nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea7m, th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: <em>\u201cCh\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1edf v\u00e0o; ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1edf ra\u201d. <\/em>V\u1eady th\u00ec gi\u1eefa tu\u1ec7 tri v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m c\u00f3 g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nhau, c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c nhau &#8211; hay ch\u1ec9 kh\u00e1c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t?<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, trong h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang n\u00e0y, ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang th\u1ef1c ngh\u0129a ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec, xin cho bi\u1ebft?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u01b0a, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, ghi nh\u1edb ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft l\u00e0 tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u1ea9y ra &#8211; c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea7y?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 v\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng, khi vi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ecdc xong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5y, v\u00e0 con \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t k\u1ef9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c. C\u00f3 t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u tr\u00ean ba m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea7n ch\u1eef t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m n\u1ea7y. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, theo v\u1ecb n\u00e0y, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y, l\u00fac n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0, l\u00fac \u0103n tr\u00e1i cam trong t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y cam n\u1edf hoa, th\u1ea5y \u00e1nh n\u1eafng v\u00e0 gi\u1ecdt m\u01b0a&#8230;; th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp tay nhau \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho tr\u00e1i cam c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t&#8230; \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0m con kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u1eefa. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? \u0110\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 tri &#8211; tri nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c &#8211; kh\u00f4ng?<ul><li>T\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3, n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1ea5y c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy&#8230; C\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u00f3 ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho t\u01b0 duy v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 ngay ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f4i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, tu\u1ec7 tri, tri nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c&#8230; R\u1ed3i c\u00f2n ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu l\u1eadu, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00f4 l\u00e2u kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u0110\u1eebng qu\u00e1 tin v\u00e0o s\u00e1ch. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb n\u00ean l\u01b0u \u00fd cho. L\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t cho th\u1eadt r\u00f5, th\u1eadt k\u1ef9, nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch do nh\u00e0 v\u0103n vi\u1ebft, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp, v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh hay thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7. L\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng kh\u00e1c xa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 v\u00e0 m\u00f4n sinh. Nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng vi\u1ebft cho hay, cho bay b\u1ed5ng&#8230; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 tu t\u1eadp. N\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc th\u00f4i. Quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 v\u0103n th\u01b0\u1eddng cung c\u1ea5p<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f4i khi m\u00f4ng lung ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c &#8211; nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i, tinh y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassan\u0101. B\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00fang, \u0103n tr\u00e1i cam nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ho\u1eb7c li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tham d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a l\u00fd tr\u00ed ch\u1ee7 quan &#8211; n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c tri. C\u00e1i lang bang ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng, suy t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ea5y! Do v\u1eady, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c tri v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tu\u1ec7 tri! T\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o n\u00f3 kh\u00e1c k\u00eca! R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c, sau n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c, c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng kh\u00e1ch quan, khoa h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng l\u00fd, c\u00f3 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u, c\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ea3o c\u00f4ng phu &#8211; nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady. Ngay ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n, tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n &#8211; ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean d\u00e8 d\u1eb7t, th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? Thi\u1ec1n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; qu\u00e1n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; minh&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; s\u00e1t vipassan\u0101 &#8211; T\u1ee9&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 <em>(satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na) <\/em>l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp tr\u00ean m\u1ed7i h\u01a1i th\u1edf, m\u1ed7i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd&#8230; C\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn, kinh nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u1ea5y v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh, ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf <em>(paramattha-sacca) <\/em>nh\u01b0ng khi di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i &#8211; th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ebf, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m <em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti-sacca). <\/em>S\u1ef1 ly c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 d\u1ea1y b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Mi\u1ebfn, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2. V\u1ecb th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i &#8211; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qua b\u0103ng gi\u1ea3ng. Th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Mi\u1ebfn sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Anh. V\u00e0 khi qua m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm t\u1eeb t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng. C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng? M\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y v\u0103n h\u00f3a, t\u00e2m linh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 &#8211; khi d\u1ecbch qua m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c th\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i linh h\u1ed3n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i. C\u00e1i S\u1ef1 Th\u1ef1c, do v\u1eady \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa r\u1ed3i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3ng ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t n\u1eefa th\u00ec chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec x\u1ea9y ra? V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecda! Kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i th\u00ec qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u. C\u00e1c d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, c\u00f3 v\u0103n h\u00f3a tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a t\u00e2m linh &#8211; h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f3 gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb P\u0101\u1e37i, \u0111\u00f4i khi so s\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean c\u1ea3 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 P\u0101\u1e37i l\u00fac g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng tr\u00e2n tr\u1ecdng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e0ng qu\u00fd h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 &#8211; c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1ea5y th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady n\u1eefa! C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m kh\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ed1i ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u00f4i ch\u1ed7 l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy; r\u1ed3i c\u00f2n l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n gi\u1eefa tu\u1ec7 tri, t\u01b0\u1edfng tri v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c tri nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u. Hy v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng, \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i sau, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 \u0111i l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a cho ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c k\u1ebbo nguy hi\u1ec3m qu\u00e1&#8230; \u1ed2, qu\u00e1 xa r\u1ed3i, l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i. H\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00e0i th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp h\u00f4m nay. Ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ed3i nh\u1ec9?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y! Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1edf v\u00e0o, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1edf ra!<ul><li>\u1ed2, v\u1eady qu\u00fd v\u1ecb h\u00e3y nghe \u0111\u00e2y! Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng canh c\u1eeda. N\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng canh c\u00e1i c\u1eeda th\u00e2n t\u00e2m. C\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u0103n nh\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00e1i anh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y. T\u00f4i t\u1ea1m d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng nghe ra \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1eadt r\u1ed3i. V\u00ec bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tri; v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn \u2013 n\u00f3i g\u1ecdn l\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn. Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i! T\u00f4i s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 s\u1eafc thanh h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb x\u00fac ph\u00e1p th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1eaft tai m\u0169i l\u01b0\u1ee1i th\u00e2n \u00fd. Anh ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ee9ng canh c\u1eeda, ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c \u1edf t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00f3, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00f3, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y &#8211; th\u00ec l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a anh ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn. R\u1ed3i, c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch \u1ea5y t\u1ed1t x\u1ea5u, tr\u1eafng \u0111en nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a anh ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy. N\u00f3 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y, ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ee9 ai \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft n\u1eafng m\u01b0a s\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00f3! Anh ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c canh c\u1eeda, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh, th\u1ebf th\u00f4i. Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1edf ra, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1edf v\u00f4; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1edf v\u00f4; ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n v\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1edf ra. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5y. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp th\u1eed xem.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Con ch\u01b0a th\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec con c\u00f2n th\u1eafc m\u1eafc. V\u00ec khi th\u1edf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, th\u1ea7y d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef ch\u00fa t\u00e2m &#8211; v\u1eady th\u00ec ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m ch\u00fa v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9? C\u00f3 s\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, c\u00f3 ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 ba ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m. Ch\u1ed7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u00f3t m\u0169i khi h\u01a1i th\u1edf h\u00edt v\u00e0o. Ch\u1ed7 th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf v\u00f9ng ng\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111an \u0111i\u1ec1n. V\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">khi th\u1edf ra l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb \u0111an \u0111i\u1ec1n, qua ng\u1ef1c, qua m\u0169i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady &#8211; c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea7y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u00f3 ai tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho th\u1ea7y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<ul><li>C\u00f3, con s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u00ecnh tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh. Do tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u khi t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, c\u00e1i t\u00e2m ta n\u00f3 c\u1ee9 bu\u00f4ng lung, nh\u01b0 kh\u1ec9 v\u01b0\u1ee3n, ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea3y leo tr\u00e8o ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, ch\u1ed7 kia lung tung &#8211; n\u00ean c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t \u1edf ba ch\u1ed7, ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba n\u00f3i. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3 c\u1ee7i, c\u1ed9t m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 th\u00ec l\u1ecfng l\u1ebbo, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed9t ba n\u01a1i th\u00ec n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. N\u1ebfu c\u1ee9 c\u1ed9t m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e2m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1m y\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn an t\u0129nh; ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hao n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 to\u00e1t m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, r\u00e3 r\u1eddi. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. Sau giai \u0111o\u1ea1n c\u1ed9t ch\u1eb7t ba ch\u1ed7, khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb y\u00ean r\u1ed3i th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3 n\u00f3 ra. Nh\u01b0 trong <em>\u201cTh\u1eadp m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3\u201d, <\/em>qua h\u1ebft giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u00e0m m\u0169i, bu\u1ed9c c\u1ed5 con tr\u00e2u l\u00f4i n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 chu\u1ed3ng, l\u00fac n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c r\u1ed3i, ta ch\u1ec9 bu\u00f4ng h\u1edd, sau \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111i m\u1ed9t b\u00ean tr\u00f4ng ch\u1eebng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7. C\u0169ng v\u1eady l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n theo d\u00f5i, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7, c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n vipassan\u0101 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u00d4ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ecbnh, san s\u1ebb cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u1ea5y th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ed5 \u00edch. \u0110\u00fang v\u1eady, th\u1edf c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady &#8211; n\u00ean trong kinh v\u0103n, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb anussati &#8211; t\u00f9y ni\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t, \u0111i theo lu\u00f4n, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, ni\u1ec7m ghi nh\u1edb li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n ni\u1ec7m trong thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, thanh th\u1ea3n, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng. Ni\u1ec7m \u1edf tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 sati &#8211; nh\u01b0 satipa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101na <em>(T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9) <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 canh c\u1eeda, \u0111\u1eebng l\u01a1 l\u00e0, \u0111\u1eebng th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m, \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eebng d\u1ec3 du\u00f4i&#8230; N\u1ebfu h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o \u1edf m\u0169i th\u00ec ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00f3t m\u0169i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, v\u00ec h\u01a1i th\u1edf d\u1eabu \u0111i ra ho\u1eb7c \u0111i v\u00e0o th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u0169i. C\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng canh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00f4i. <em>\u201cThanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d <\/em>c\u00f3 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t hay v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y. L\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 c\u01b0a, khi c\u01b0a m\u1ed9t kh\u00fac c\u00e2y, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa t\u00e2m n\u01a1i ch\u1ed7 l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u01b0a ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi kh\u00fac c\u00e2y &#8211; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y qua ch\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 theo l\u01b0\u1ee1i c\u01b0a, l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd m\u1ec7t l\u1eafm, c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng qu\u00fd v\u1ecb?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady r\u1ed3i! Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y &#8211; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i &#8211; N\u1ebfu ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u1edf n\u01a1i ch\u00f3t m\u0169i, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u01a1i ch\u00f3t m\u0169i, v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i canh c\u1eeda, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u00f4n!<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 sao \u1ea1?<ul><li>Ph\u1ea3i canh c\u1eeda ch\u1ee9 sao?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u00ec canh r\u1ed3i! H\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua c\u00e1i ch\u00f3t m\u0169i m\u00e0!<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>R\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang &#8211; m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang! H\u01a1i th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n. \u00d4ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng canh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1ch l\u1ea1 n\u00e0o \u0111i qua c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c <em>(th\u1ecd), <\/em>\u0111i qua tri gi\u00e1c <em>(t\u01b0\u1edfng), <\/em>\u0111i qua c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd <em>(h\u00e0nh), <\/em>\u0111i qua \u00fd th\u1ee9c <em>(th\u1ee9c) <\/em>th\u00ec \u00f4ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft hay sao? Hay l\u00e0 c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e8m bi\u1ebft? \u0110\u1ecbnh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft, nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ec7 th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 tri!<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng im l\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>V\u1eady th\u00ec t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e9! H\u1ed3i n\u00e3y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp hai c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n. Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb h\u00e3y l\u1eafng nghe, c\u00f2n hai c\u00e1ch th\u1edf c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n n\u1eefa, kinh v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/li><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n <em>(sabbak\u0101ya-pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b)<\/em><em> <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc <em>(sikkhati). <\/em>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><li>An t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh <em>(k\u0101yasa\u1e45kh\u0101ra-passambhaya) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. An t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa t\u00e2m l\u1eafng nghe r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n? Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 an t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh? Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc? V\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1i g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n <em>(sabbak\u0101ya pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b) <\/em>n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e2n h\u01a1i th\u1edf, to\u00e0n th\u00e2n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u00e2n h\u01a1i th\u1edf. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u1ea5y.<ul><li>Th\u00e2n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e2n h\u01a1i th\u1edf &#8211; nh\u01b0ng to\u00e0n th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u, \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n gi\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n trong m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i th\u1edf t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00fac th\u1edf ra, v\u00e0o.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00fang, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng ng\u1ea1i l\u00fac phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb tam sao th\u1ea5t b\u1ed5n. T\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef sai, m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thi\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c m\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu r\u00e0 so\u00e1t to\u00e0n th\u00e2n h\u01a1i th\u1edf ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ea3 ba giai \u0111o\u1ea1n th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ed9t t\u00e2m &#8211; n\u00f3 s\u1ebd nghi\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 xen d\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c tri. C\u00f2n c\u1ea3m<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n m\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n, t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri. Ch\u00fang ta l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111ang quan s\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, to\u00e0n th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi tu\u1ec7 tri h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u00e0o ra ng\u1eafn d\u00e0i r\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t thanh th\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian, h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00f4 th\u00e1o n\u1eefa m\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eb9, thanh r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00f4i khi kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n t\u1ed3n \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n &#8211; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, khu bi\u1ec7t \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n h\u01a1i th\u1edf ho\u1eb7c \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t! V\u00e0 an t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh <em>(k\u0101yasa\u1e45kh\u0101ra passambhaya) <\/em>c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ec7 tri nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf! C\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00f4 c\u1ee9ng, nh\u00fac nh\u00edch, t\u00ea \u0111au n\u1eefa m\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 an \u1ed5n r\u1ed3i. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y th\u1ebf l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c c\u00e1i th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i! C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i h\u01a1i xa khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng sinh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u1eefa! C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sa\u1e45kh\u0101ra-h\u00e0nh, trong th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi l\u00e0m cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng th\u00eam ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm th\u00eam! Xin th\u01b0a, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n, quan s\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf kia m\u00e0!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd, c\u00f2n ch\u1eef h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa, h\u1ecdc-sikkhati l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe, th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh&#8230; s\u1ef1 quan s\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u1ea5y, cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 vi t\u1ebf c\u00e1ch m\u1ea5y c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn cho b\u1eb1ng <a><\/a>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n v\u00e0 an t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ec7 tri nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. C\u00f3 ai h\u1ecfi g\u00ec n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng? Kh\u00f4ng \u00e0! V\u1eady th\u00ec h\u00e3y t\u1eadp th\u1edf \u0111i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B- B\u1ed1n C\u00e1ch Th\u1edf Thu\u1ed9c V\u1ec1 C\u1ea3m Th\u1ecd:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i qua 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd &#8211; c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c &#8211; ch\u00fang ta nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng. G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1edf v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac c\u00e1i th\u00e2n an t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qua c\u00e1ch th\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c &#8211; c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n v\u1ed1n th\u00f4 th\u00e1o n\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac h\u01a1i th\u1edf nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, vi t\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, t\u0129nh ni\u1ec7m th\u00ec ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u00e2n xong m\u1edbi qua \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e2m. \u1ede n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u00ec ta ph\u1ea3i quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012bti-pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c <em>(sukha &#8211; pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh v\u0103n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp h\u01a1i th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u00f4n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat h\u01a1i th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m, r\u00e0 so\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf, c\u1ed9t t\u00e2m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0o h\u01a1i th\u1edf, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea1y nh\u1ea3y, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u n\u1eefa th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng nh\u1eb9, thanh, vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n. L\u00fac \u1ea5y, \u0111i theo v\u1edbi h\u01a1i th\u1edf, do h\u01a1i th\u1edf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an tr\u00fa, c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an theo. C\u00e1i th\u00e2n an n\u00e0y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111au, nh\u1ee9c, t\u00ea, ng\u1ee9a g\u00ec n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012bti), <\/em>ch\u00fang c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ti\u1ec3u h\u1ef7 <em>(khuddaka-p\u012bti): <\/em>N\u1ed5i da g\u00e0, m\u1ecdc \u1ed1c, r\u1ea7n r\u1ea7n c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu.<\/li><li>Quang h\u1ef7 hay s\u00e1t-na h\u1ef7 <em>(khanika-p\u012bti): <\/em>Th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00e1nh ch\u1edbp hay<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00e1nh s\u00e1ng&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khinh h\u1ef7 hay th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u0103ng h\u1ef7 <em>(ubbega-p\u012bti): <\/em>Nh\u1eb9 l\u00e2ng l\u00e2ng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n b\u1ed1c l\u00ean, bay l\u00ean&#8230;<\/li><li>H\u1ea3i tri\u1ec1u h\u1ef7 <em>(okkantika-p\u012bti): <\/em>Nh\u01b0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u,<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">nh\u01b0 v\u00f5ng ru \u00eam&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Sung m\u00e3n h\u1ef7 <em>(phara\u1e47a-p\u012bti): <\/em>Th\u1ea5m m\u00e1t, t\u1ea9m m\u00e1t c\u1ea3 to\u00e0n th\u00e2n.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng ph\u00e1t sanh \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1t 5 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ec9 n\u1ea7y, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t, hai. Nh\u01b0ng khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ef7 n\u1ea7y ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u01a1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00ean r\u1ed3i. Kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00e1 th\u00edch th\u00fa, m\u00ea \u0111\u1eafm, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 c\u00e1i h\u1ef7 \u1ea5y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u1edbi t\u00e2m x\u1ea3, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, thanh th\u1ea3n th\u00ec h\u01a1i th\u1edf kia s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, nh\u1ecf l\u1ea1i, thanh l\u1ea1i, vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Ph\u1ea3i t\u0129nh ni\u1ec7m, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 theo s\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf k\u1ebbo n\u00f3 m\u1ea5t t\u0103m d\u1ea1ng, r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c th\u00e2m s\u00e2u h\u01a1n &#8211; \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 sukha. C\u00e1i l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y n\u00f3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5m \u0111\u1eabm trong t\u00e2m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c &#8211; l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay tinh th\u1ea7n &#8211; h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8211; th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y, h\u01a1i th\u1edf c\u00e0ng vi t\u1ebf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 nh\u00edch l\u00ean, nh\u00edch xu\u1ed1ng. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 n\u1eafm b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n, \u0111\u00f3a hoa c\u00fac&#8230; S\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9, b\u00f4ng g\u00f2n, hoa c\u00fac &#8211; c\u00e1i t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a h\u01a1i th\u1edf &#8211; l\u1ea1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ebf; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00e0u x\u00e1m \u0111\u1ee5c, chuy\u1ec3n qua x\u00e1m s\u1eefa, qua x\u00e1m trong&#8230; r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n n\u00f3 s\u00e1ng l\u00ean, trong l\u00ean&#8230; t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng quang t\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u1eeb nh\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u1edbng quang t\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u00f3 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, thanh th\u1ea3n &#8211; h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111i v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 y\u00ean l\u1eafng, t\u0129nh l\u1eafng th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Abhidhamma li\u1ec7t k\u00ea tu\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau: Quang t\u01b0\u1edbng, chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9, chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1nh, an ch\u1ec9 <em>(\u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n). <\/em>T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft th\u00eam, l\u00fac 5 thi\u1ec1n chi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>T\u1ea7m <em>(vitakka) &#8211; <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm h\u01a1i th\u1edf, n\u1ebfu tinh t\u1ea5n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m th\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean <em>(th\u012bna-middha).<\/em><em><\/em><ul><li>T\u1ee9 <em>(vic\u0101ra) <\/em>&#8211; t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 r\u00e0 so\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf, theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf, quan s\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch li\u00ean t\u1ee5c th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ph\u00e2n v\u00e2n, l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1, do d\u1ef1, nghi ng\u1edd, ho\u00e0i nghi <em>(vicikicch\u0101).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>H\u1ef7 <em>(p\u012bti): <\/em>Khi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t trong 5 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ef7 nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00ec \u0111au nh\u1ee9c, t\u00ea ng\u1ee9a, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y, b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa &#8211; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u00e2n <em>(vy\u0101p\u0101da).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>L\u1ea1c <em>(sukha): <\/em>Khi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 lay \u0111\u1ed9ng, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, \u0103n n\u0103n, h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t dung th\u00e2n; n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea1o h\u1ed1i, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed v\u00e0 h\u1ed1i qu\u00e1 <em>(uddhacca-kukkucca).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m <em>(ekaggata) <\/em>l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t kh\u1edfi ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0o d\u1ea5y l\u00ean. N\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m s\u01a1 kh\u1edfi, c\u1ea1n, th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u1ebfu tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, s\u00e2u h\u01a1n th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ea3 c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 an ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, tham mu\u1ed1n, tham d\u1ee5c, tham mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c <em>(k\u0101ma-chanda).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, n\u00f3 x\u1ea9y ra, ph\u00e1t sanh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, r\u1ea5t khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec qu\u00e1 huy\u1ec1n m\u1eadt, b\u00ed hi\u1ec3m. H\u01a1i th\u1edf nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. N\u00f3 r\u1ea5t logic. C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd, l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf trong thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng ng\u1eafn l\u1ea1i, gom l\u1ea1i, t\u1ee5 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quang t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1edbi \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u01a1i th\u1edf trong thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng nh\u1eb9, vi t\u1ebf, trong &#8211; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gom l\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc sau, \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng khi d\u00e0i, khi ng\u1eafn, l\u00fac c\u1ea1n, l\u00fac s\u00e2u, l\u00fac t\u1ebf vi&#8230; \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u01a1i th\u1edf, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u0129nh; \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7, h\u01a1i th\u1edf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u1ec1u di chuy\u1ec3n, \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">do t\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh; c\u00f2n tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i do tu\u1ec7 tri nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 n\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c &#8211; th\u00ec thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ef7, c\u00f3 l\u1ea1c. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u, t\u1ea1i sao, khi th\u00e2n an t\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i &#8211; an t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh &#8211; ta b\u01b0\u1edbc qua c\u00e1c c\u00e2u kinh v\u0103n n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 h\u1ef7, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u 5 c\u00e2u 6: C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, th\u1edf ra; c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1ea1c khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, th\u1edf ra; v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ta r\u1eb1ng, th\u1edf th\u00ec c\u1ee9 th\u1edf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i, \u0111\u1eebng d\u1ee5ng s\u1ee9c, d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1; ch\u1ec9 c\u1ed1t lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, lu\u00f4n tu\u1ec7 tri n\u00f3; n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00ec s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5, bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1eebng xen v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edfng tri, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c tri n\u00e0o. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho 5 thi\u1ec1n chi ph\u00e1t sanh; nh\u01b0ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 l\u1eafng xu\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00e8 n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e8 c\u1ecf, bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch giai \u0111o\u1ea1n, t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi! Thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c. Thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7, th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 minh, t\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh, soi s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y v\u00f4 minh, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta ch\u01b0a \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ed9i, h\u00e3y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch th\u1edf v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c. H\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 n\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, t\u0129nh y\u00ean h\u01a1n h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u1eady khi c\u00e1c h\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ebfn, l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sao th\u00ec ta c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i kh\u00e1ch quan, v\u00f4 th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5u hi\u1ec3u hai c\u00e2u k\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c <em>(th\u1ecd):<\/em><em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh <em>(cittasa\u1e45kh\u0101ra pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><li>An t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh <em>(cittasa\u1e45kh\u0101ra pasambhaya) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. An t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n ra sao, an t\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ra sao th\u00ec c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 an t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu\u1ec7 tri nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. N\u1ebfu h\u1ef7, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c h\u1ef7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1edfi th\u00e2n, t\u1eeb th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e2m &#8211; th\u00ec l\u1ea1c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7. C\u00e1i l\u1ea1c n\u00e0y n\u00f3 s\u1ebd len th\u1ea5m v\u00e0o t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 gi\u1ea5y th\u1ea5m h\u00fat n\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n ch\u00fang. V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u00e2m s\u1ebd an l\u1ea1c, an t\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y <em>\u201can t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh\u201d<\/em>, th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i&#8230; c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng qu\u00fd v\u1ecb?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0\u1eddi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Con tr\u00e2u trong Th\u1eadp m\u1ee5c ng\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u00e8m \u0103n b\u1eady l\u00faa m\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2u.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m!<ul><li>Qu\u00fd v\u1ecb n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1edf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd, l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho ch\u00fang ta n\u1eafm b\u1eaft to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ni\u1ec7m h\u01a1i th\u1edf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp nhanh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u00f3 c\u1ea7n mi\u00ean m\u1eadt c\u00f4ng phu h\u01a1n th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft. Gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1m <a><\/a>th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c; nh\u01b0ng ta c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u00e2m \u1ea5y, v\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u1ea5y, ngo\u00e0i th\u1ecd ra, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c n\u1eefa m\u00e0!<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u1ee9 t\u1eeb t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C- B\u1ed1n C\u00e1ch Th\u1edf Thu\u1ed9c V\u1ec1 T\u00e2m:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m <em>(citta pa\u1e6disa\u1e43ved\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. C\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><li>V\u1edbi t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan <em>(abhi-pamodayacitta)<\/em><em> <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">h\u1ecdc. Khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>V\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh <em>(sam\u0101dahacitta) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>V\u1edbi t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t <em>(vimocayacitta) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2y lan, \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m cho t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u an l\u1ea1c theo. N\u1ebfu l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 v\u1eady, l\u00e0 h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, an, h\u00e2n hoan, \u0111\u1ecbnh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t <em>(theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean). <\/em>Khi th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ghi nh\u1eadn, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng thanh l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m. \u0110\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 <em>\u201cv\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d <\/em>th\u00ec h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o r\u1ed3i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb <em>\u201ckhi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m h\u00e2n hoan\u201d, \u201ckhi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u0129nh\u201d <\/em>v\u00e0 <em>\u201ckhi\u1ebfn t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d? <\/em>V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, h\u00e2n hoan, \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t &#8211; ban \u0111\u1ea7u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, mu\u1ed9i l\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5m s\u00e2u h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian, c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 thu\u1ea7n th\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 tinh luy\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 khi m\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5n c\u1ed1, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc qua 4 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf sau c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb tu\u1ec7 tri, b\u01b0\u1edbc sang tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 minh&#8230; V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng vi t\u1ebf, tinh m\u1eadt, v\u1eady qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m kh\u00e1c, h\u00e3y nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a><\/a>D- B\u1ed1n C\u00e1ch Th\u1edf V\u1ec1 Qu\u00e1n Ph\u00e1p:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>V\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(anicc\u0101nupass\u012b ho\u1eb7c anicc\u0101- nupassan\u0101) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n, khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><li>V\u1edbi ly d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(vir\u0101g\u0101nupass\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ly d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>V\u1edbi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(nirodh\u0101nupass\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/li><li>V\u1edbi x\u1ea3 ly t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(pa\u1e6dinissagg\u0101nupass\u012b) <\/em>khi th\u1edf v\u00f4, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi x\u1ea3 ly t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n khi th\u1edf ra, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, n\u1ebfu th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u th\u00ec t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 16 tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a minh s\u00e1t. N\u00f3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, ly tho\u00e1t c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c, s\u1eafc v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc; t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ph\u00e0m phu t\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00eanh thang b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u1ee7a th\u00e1nh t\u00e1nh&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>L\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u1ea5y n\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y?<ul><li>N\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh thi\u1ec1n t\u00e2m v\u1eady. C\u0169ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb, c\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, thu\u1eadn th\u1ee9, chuy\u1ec3n t\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e2m, qu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m&#8230; Nh\u01b0ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00fd v\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t, c\u00e1i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 qu\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadt. V\u1eady, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i qua cho h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1edf thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e9!<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u01b0a v\u00e2ng!<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(anicc\u0101nupass\u012b). <\/em>Th\u1eadt ra, ch\u1eef v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng <em>(anicca) <\/em>th\u00ec ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eef anupass\u012b m\u00e0 kinh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u0169ng d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n, tuy hay \u0111\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u00ed, s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n. Anupass\u012b, \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi anupassaka &#8211; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn xem! V\u1eady anicc\u0101nupass\u012b l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng! \u0110\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ea5y! Nh\u01b0ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, ai bi\u1ebft, c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Xin th\u01b0a &#8211; m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1p &#8211; L\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tu\u1ec7 tri \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, l\u1eafng nghe, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn. \u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf ng\u1eafn d\u00e0i, l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, an t\u1ecbnh to\u00e0n th\u00e2n, c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, an t\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, l\u00e0 h\u1ef7, l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c, l\u00e0 h\u00e2n hoan, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t&#8230; T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn r\u1ed3i \u0111i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng&#8230; Ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3, quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>\u0110\u00fang v\u1eady!<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1ee3t c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n vipassan\u0101, n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn danh, s\u1eafc &#8211; sao \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn danh, s\u1eafc?<ul><li>Th\u1eadt ra, c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n &#8211; v\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u1eafc; c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u00e2m l\u00fd, th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 danh. L\u00fac ch\u00fang ta tu\u1ec7 tri, nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, quan s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c th\u00ec m\u1ecdi danh, s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng gian m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o c\u1ea3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. Do v\u1eady, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n th\u00ec m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda m\u00e0 Abhidhamma g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t <em>(animittavimokkha).<\/em><\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u01b0a th\u1ea7y, kh\u00f3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft l\u1eafm, xin th\u1ea7y cho nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>V\u00e2ng, h\u00e3y nghe \u0111\u00e2y! V\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u01a1i th\u1edf, h\u01a1i th\u1edf l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, m\u00ecnh hay n\u00f3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u01a1i th\u1edf nh\u01b0ng khi tu\u1ec7 tri h\u01a1i th\u1edf th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0n gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 qua ch\u00f3t m\u0169i, sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong. C\u00e1i l\u00e0n h\u01a1i \u1ea5y n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, thay \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9 c\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u! V\u00ed d\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \u00e2m thanh c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, \u00e2m thanh n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, n\u00f3 \u0111i, tan lo\u00e3ng, bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u? Cho ch\u00ed c\u00e1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00e2n s\u1eafc, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho k\u1ef9 th\u00ec ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o. C\u00f3 g\u00ec trong c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1eadt l\u00fd th\u1eddi h\u1ea1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed n\u00e0y, cho ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n&nbsp; &nbsp;t\u1eed&nbsp; &nbsp;h\u1eb1ng&nbsp; &nbsp;tri\u1ec7u&nbsp; &nbsp;l\u1ea7n&nbsp; &nbsp;th\u00ec&nbsp; &nbsp;ch\u00fang&nbsp; &nbsp;ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u00f3ng hay h\u1ea1t. V\u00e0 ngay c\u00e1c s\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u1ee5 r\u1ed3i tan r\u1ea5t nhanh, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u, hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u tri\u1ec7u gi\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3?! \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00e1ch nay g\u1ea7n ba th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 khoa h\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c, tr\u1eafc l\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 <em>\u201cs\u1eafc v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u201d <\/em>qua tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm th\u00f4ng tu\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5y. V\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 lu\u1eadn \u0111i theo, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n r\u1ea5t cao si\u00eau nh\u01b0ng d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng: V\u00ec s\u1eafc v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng; v\u1eady <em>\u201cv\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1eafc\u201d <\/em>&#8211; qu\u00fd v\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng gi\u00e2y l\u00e1t, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i hi\u1ec3u, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i ch\u01b0a!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>M\u00e0 th\u00f4i, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp ng\u00f4n c\u00f3 v\u1ebb tri\u1ebft l\u00fd \u1ea5y. Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u0169ng m\u1ec7t l\u1eafm. Ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n quan s\u00e1t h\u01a1i th\u1edf, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 tri c\u00e1c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i.<ul><li>V\u1eady c\u00f2n danh? M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i &#8211; M\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c tri ch\u00fang c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t r\u1ed3i tan bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9c tri kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang c\u0169ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>\u0110\u00fang th\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111au nh\u1ee9c, t\u00ea ng\u1ee9a, n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu&#8230; \u1edf n\u01a1i th\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u00f3 n\u1eb1m ho\u00e0i, \u00f9 l\u00ec, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e2u? R\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 l\u1ea1c, h\u1ef7 \u01b0u \u1edf n\u01a1i t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf g\u00ec? Ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd <em>(danh) <\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c tri <em>(danh) <\/em>c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1ea5y. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u1eafc qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi danh ph\u00e1p, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ed3i ch\u1ee9 nh\u1ec9?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u01b0a v\u00e2ng!<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ea5y, c\u00e0ng thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u1ea5y, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh &#8211; th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh &#8211; \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n cu\u1ed9c b\u1edfi sanh di\u1ec7t, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sanh di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng \u1ea1?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u01b0a, th\u1ea5y r\u00f5!<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00e2u! C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebft tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c tri, c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed n\u0103ng ch\u1ee9 ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e2u! Th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, qua tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c, qua s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft, c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n b\u1eb1ng tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Th\u01b0a v\u00e2ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, l\u00fac thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m ch\u0103m ch\u00fa ch\u00fa c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1eafc, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 danh; tu\u1ec7 tri c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t kh\u00e1ch quan, kh\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi t\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng so s\u00e1nh, t\u1ec9 gi\u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n trung dung, trung ch\u00ednh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb, nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c &#8211; \u0111\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn, c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a paramattha, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a, c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt ngh\u0129a&#8230; N\u00f3i c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t t\u00ed n\u1eefa, l\u00fac ng\u1ed3i th\u1edf v\u1edbi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">qu\u00e1n th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean th\u00e2n, th\u00e2n s\u1eafc, th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean t\u00e2m, l\u00ean danh, t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe, quan s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c&#8230; th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, thanh th\u1ea3n, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0&#8230; Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf th\u00f4i! \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cv\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n\u201d <\/em>\u1ea5y?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u1eafm r\u00f5 r\u1ed3i!<ul><li>B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta b\u01b0\u1edbc sang c\u00e2u 14: <em>\u201cLy d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n\u201d (vir\u0101g\u0101nupass\u012b). <\/em>Th\u1eadt ra, <em>\u201cvir\u0101ga\u201d <\/em>kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ly d\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5c\u201d. <\/em>Sau khi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi kh\u1ed5, m\u1ecdi l\u1ea1c, th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, t\u00e2m h\u00e0nh, m\u1ecdi danh, m\u1ecdi s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i, bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i; v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang l\u00e0 dukkha n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m b\u00e1m v\u00edu, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o ch\u00fang n\u1eefa; g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh\u201d. <\/em>V\u1eady, <em>\u201cly d\u1ee5c t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n\u201d <\/em>c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201ckh\u1ed5 t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n\u201d (dukkha- nupassan\u0101) <\/em>v\u00ec nh\u1edd ly d\u1ee5c n\u00ean tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y h\u01a1i r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 theo k\u1ecbp kh\u00f4ng?<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Xin th\u01b0a, kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p th\u00ec b\u1ecf \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho m\u1ec7t. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u00ean nh\u1edb, \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, khi th\u1edf, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ee9 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed7ng rang, kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3; d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 ng\u00e3?<ul><li>V\u00e2ng, th\u1eadt ra, v\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean kh\u1ed5 ch\u00fang \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1edf d\u0129 n\u00f3i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 do m\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c danh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn qua th\u1eddi gian; c\u00f2n n\u00f3i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 do m\u00ecnh quan s\u00e1t danh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn qua kh\u00f4ng gian. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, qua th\u1eddi gian, ch\u00fang v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, qua kh\u00f4ng gian, ch\u00fang v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. C\u00f2n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu tu\u1ec7 tri s\u00e2u s\u00e1t, qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu th\u00eam n\u1eefa th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i, sinh di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t v\u00e0 r\u00e3 tan &#8211; m\u1ecdi danh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u do duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, khi ta nghe m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng, \u00e2m thanh \u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o l\u1ed7 tai, nh\u0129 c\u0103n &#8211; r\u1ed3i \u0111i v\u00e0o t\u00e2m l\u00e0m ta n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u00e2m s\u00e2n <em>(n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn) <\/em>s\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean nh\u0129 c\u0103n v\u00e0 l\u1eddi ph\u1ec9 b\u00e1ng. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 giao ti\u1ebfp <em>(x\u00fac) <\/em>gi\u1eefa nh\u0129 c\u0103n <em>(c\u0103n) <\/em>v\u00e0 \u00e2m thanh <em>(tr\u1ea7n) <\/em>th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd <em>(c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu), <\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1i <em>(th\u01b0\u01a1ng gh\u00e9t, tham s\u00e2n). <\/em>\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. C\u0169ng<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">v\u00ec duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00ean ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh, ch\u00fang l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ednh. Khi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 &#8211; v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n <em>(anatt\u0101nupassan\u0101), <\/em>h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t <em>(su\u00f1\u00f1\u0101tavimokkha). <\/em>R\u1ed1i r\u1eafm qu\u00e1 ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng \u0111i cho h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch th\u1edf c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 n\u1eafm nguy\u00ean l\u00fd. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n t\u1eadp ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00fang ta \u0111i qua c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 15: <em>\u201c T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n\u201d (nirodh\u0101nupass\u012b). <\/em>T\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, n\u01a1i v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng tham s\u00e2n, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. T\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm, quan s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n r\u1ed3i. Th\u1eadt ra, khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi danh ph\u00e1p, s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf h\u00e9 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 <em>\u201cv\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d. <\/em>Khi ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u00e1m v\u00edu, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u1ee9 hai <em>\u201cv\u00f4 \u00e1i (ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n) gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d. <\/em>Khi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p d\u00f9 h\u1eefu vi hay v\u00f4 vi <em>(c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh) <\/em>ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf h\u00e9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 <em>\u201ckh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d. <\/em>Kh\u00f4ng <em>(kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1nh), <\/em>v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00e1c <em>(v\u00f4 \u00e1i) <\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cTam gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00f4n\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng x\u00ec x\u00e0o, b\u00e0n t\u00e1n&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Khoan b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m v\u1ed9i, h\u00e3y nghe \u0111\u00e3. C\u00f2n c\u00e2u th\u1ee9 16 l\u00e0 <em>\u201cX\u1ea3 ly t\u00f9y qu\u00e1n\u201d (pa\u1e6dinissagg\u0101nupass\u012b) <\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sau khi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1m v\u00edu, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <em>\u201cv\u00f4 th\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u201d. <\/em>Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea1m nhi\u00ean, r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac si\u00eau th\u1ebf&#8230;<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, 16 c\u00e1ch th\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t th\u00e2n, th\u1ecd, t\u00e2m, ph\u00e1p m\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ch\u00fang ta v\u1eeba \u0111i qua, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u01a1 c\u0103n cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m linh cho t\u1ea5t th\u1ea3y m\u1ecdi h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u01a1i t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 g\u1ee3i \u00fd cho ch\u00fang ta c\u00e1ch th\u1edf c\u1ee7a tu\u1ec7 qu\u00e1n \u2013 h\u01a1i-th\u1edf-tu\u1ec7 &#8211; v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u1eeba quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n th\u1ecd t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p. R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb t\u1eeb, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i l\u1ea1i T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u01a1n <em>(Xem b\u00e0i T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Minh \u0110\u1ee9c Tri\u1ec1u T\u00e2m \u1ea2nh(T\u1ef3-kh\u01b0u Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c \u2013 S\u012blagu\u1e47a Bhikkhu) PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC C\u0102N B\u1ea2N(In l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba \u2013 c\u00f3 b\u1ed5 sung) T\u1ee7 S\u00e1ch Huy\u1ec1n Kh\u00f4ng S\u01a1n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ngPL. 2563\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":16975,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[249,101,106],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-16974","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ht-gioi-duc","category-phat-giao-nguyen-thuy-dong-truyen-thua","category-tai-lieu"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16974","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16974"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16974\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":16998,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16974\/revisions\/16998"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16975"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16974"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16974"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16974"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=16974"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}