{"id":1819,"date":"2020-09-12T12:47:08","date_gmt":"2020-09-12T12:47:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1819"},"modified":"2022-05-02T21:53:47","modified_gmt":"2022-05-02T14:53:47","slug":"cai-gi-la-ban-lai-dien-muc-cua-tam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/12\/cai-gi-la-ban-lai-dien-muc-cua-tam\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n lai di\u1ec7n m\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 (zh. \u771f\u5982, sa., pi. tathat\u0101, bh\u016btatathat\u0101) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1. Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m. Tri ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 (oneness) c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 (object) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 (subject.) Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng, Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, L\u00f2ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, Tri Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt.<\/strong> Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 B\u1ea1ch V\u00e2n An C\u1ed1c (zh. \u767d\u96f2\u5b89\u8c37, ja. hakuun yasutani;) 1885-1973 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf Hoa K\u1ef3.  Xu\u1ea5t gia n\u0103m 11 tu\u1ed5i, S\u01b0 tu t\u1eadp d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0 kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau khi l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o (tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng) 16 n\u0103m, S\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i V\u00e2n T\u1ed5 Nh\u1ea1c Nguy\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1n (ja. daiun s\u014dgaku harada) nh\u1eadn l\u00e0m m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng (1943.) S\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebfn M\u1ef9 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n (1962-1969) v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u thi\u1ec1n sinh M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp.  Nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 B\u00edch Nham L\u1ee5c, V\u00f4 M\u00f4n Quan v\u00e0 Thong Dong L\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a S\u01b0 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a S\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i \u1edf T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qua quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch The Three Pillars of Zen c\u1ee7a Philip Kapleau (Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef: Ba Tr\u1ee5 Thi\u1ec1n). Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p T\u00ednh (sa. dharmat\u0101, ja. Hossh\u014d,) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng (sa. \u015a\u016bnyat\u0101.)  \u00d4ng ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u: “Qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u2014ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u2014 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng.  Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y\u2014chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng (motion,) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (no gravity,) v\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ecdi c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 (s\u1eafc, forms) \u2014v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.  V\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt, c\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh, Ph\u00e1p T\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc (observable forms) n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 sai. C\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh \u2014nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh. Nh\u01b0ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n b\u00e0y (B\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft,) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n (b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb,) ch\u00fang ta v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c N\u00d3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta b\u1ea3n lai l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh.”  M\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u1ec9 Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 B\u1ea3n lai th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt (\u672c\u4f86\u6210\u4f5b), nh\u01b0ng \u00edt ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Ch\u1ee7 \u00fd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sinh x\u01b0a nay v\u1ed1n c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y trong c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 kinh v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0 trong \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba kh\u1edfi t\u00edn lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 Vi\u00ean Gi\u00e1c Kinh. T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c<\/strong> T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc n\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Sau \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 \u2018\u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m\u2019 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 ch\u00fat kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa T\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 T\u00e2m khoa h\u1ecdc. Theo Wikipedia, T\u00e2m Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng \u00fd th\u1ee9c, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 T\u00e2m, ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (wisdom) v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c (consciousness.)  T\u00e2m th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy, tri gi\u00e1c, tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, v\u00e0 tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng;  N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o.  \u0110\u00f4i khi, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh, ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec1m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.  C\u00e1c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft khoa h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o, cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u00fd th\u1ee9c. Ch\u1eef “t\u00e2m” (\u5fc3) c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tim (heart.) Theo T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t Thi\u1ec1u Ch\u1eedu, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi x\u01b0a cho tim l\u00e0 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 ng\u1ee3i, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 “t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh” (\u5fc3 \u5883), “t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba” (\u5fc3 \u5730), \u201ct\u00e2m l\u00fd\u201d, v.v.  Cho n\u00ean, ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u2018nh\u00e2n t\u00e2m\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. T\u00e2m<\/strong> (zh. x\u012bn<\/em> \u5fc3, en. mind<\/em>, ja. shin<\/em>, sa. citta<\/em>, h\u1e5bdaya<\/em>, vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/em>) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng, T\u00e2m c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

  1. T\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi M\u1ea1t-na (sa. manas<\/em>, th\u1ee9c suy ngh\u0129 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c (sa. vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/em>). T\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 sinh ho\u1ea1t v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/li>
  2. Trong lu\u1eadn A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-c\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn (zh. \u963f\u6bd7\u9054\u78e8\u4ff1\u820d\u8ad6, sa. abhidharmako\u015ba-\u015b\u0101stra), th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 C\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 “B\u00e1u v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma”, t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 Th\u00f4ng minh lu\u1eadn (zh. \u901a\u660e\u8ad6), l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n (sa. vasubandhu) so\u1ea1n v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 5 sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean t\u1ea1i Kashmir, th\u00ec t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, tr\u00ean th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/li>
  3. Trong Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng, t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c (sa. \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101na<\/em>, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c), g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 “t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh.”<\/em><\/strong>  Nhi\u1ec1u quan \u0111i\u1ec3m cho r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 “v\u00f4 thu\u1ef7 v\u00f4 minh,” v\u00f4 minh nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean. <\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh (zh. f\u00f3x\u00ecng \u4f5b\u6027, ja. bussh\u014d, sa. buddhat\u0101, buddha-svabh\u0101va) l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i. Theo \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7y v\u00f4 minh h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf.  S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba (Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh c\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng trong m\u1ecdi lo\u00e0i hay kh\u00f4ng? Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh, cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fang sinh n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.  \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba xem \u0111\u1ea1t Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n trong m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sinh, th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tu h\u1ecdc nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.  Ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec c\u00f9ng c\u0103n t\u00e1nh nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u00e0 hai t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng thanh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng l\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7u qua h\u00e0ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean.  T\u00f4i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt online, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y hay th\u00ec h\u1ecdc, th\u1ea5y d\u1edf th\u00ec b\u1ecf qua, th\u1ea5y sai th\u00ec n\u00f3i sai, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00fang th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang.  Ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n.  Ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu hay t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt T\u00e1nh, th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng v\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y. Theo Thi\u1ec1n T\u00f4ng th\u00ec m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3i chung th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt.  S\u1ef1 th\u1ee9c t\u1ec9nh n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 sinh di\u1ec7t, x\u1ea3y ra trong kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc, t\u1eeb s\u00e1tna n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1tna n\u1ecd.  N\u00f3 l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt T\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec1n. T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    • Nh\u1ee5c \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00e2m (zh. \u8089\u5718\u5fc3), tr\u00e1i tim th\u1ecbt;<\/li>
    • Tinh y\u1ebfu t\u00e2m (zh. \u7cbe\u8981\u5fc3), ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i tinh hoa c\u1ed1t tu\u1ef7;<\/li>
    • Ki\u00ean th\u1eadt t\u00e2m (zh. \u5805\u5be6\u5fc3), ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00e1i Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u00e1p.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 (zh. \u771f\u5982, sa., pi. tathat\u0101, bh\u016btatathat\u0101) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1.  Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng, n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i m\u1ecdi l\u00fd lu\u1eadn nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m.  Tri ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 (oneness) c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 (object) v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 th\u1ec3 (subject.)  Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Nh\u01b0 Lai T\u1ea1ng, Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh, Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, L\u00f2ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1, Tri Ki\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef bao g\u1ed3m t\u1eeb Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p:Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi (zh. zh\u0113nr\u00fa f\u0103ji\u00e8 \u771e\u5982\u6cd5\u754c, ja. shinnyo h\u014dkai) l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0. V\u00ec Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n h\u00e0m \u00fd nh\u01b0 nhau n\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh kh\u1edfi (zh. zh\u0113nr\u00fa x\u00ecngq\u012d \u771e\u5982\u6027\u8d77, ja. shinnyo sh\u014dki) ch\u1ec9 s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb7c n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0. Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edbng (zh. zh\u0113nr\u00fa xi\u0101ng \u771e\u5982\u76f8, ja. shinnyos\u014d) ch\u1ec9 t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ee9 8th<\/sup>  trong “Th\u1eadp h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng” theo ph\u00e1p tu c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t.  Giai v\u1ecb m\u00e0 h\u00e0ng B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu v\u00f4 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 vi (zh. zh\u0113nr\u00fa w\u00faw\u00e9i \u771e\u5982\u7121\u7232, ja. shinnyomui) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 6 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy Th\u1ee9c.  Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.  Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi v\u00ec \u00fd ni\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0, b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi. Ba lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb danh t\u1eeb h\u1e5bdaya<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ph\u1ea1n Ng\u1eef;<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      • T\u1eadp Kh\u1edfi T\u00e2m (zh. \u96c6\u8d77\u5fc3, citta<\/em>) l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 8th<\/sup> , A-l\u1ea1i-da th\u1ee9c (sa. \u0101layavij\u00f1\u0101na<\/em>);<\/li>
      • T\u01b0 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u00e2m (zh. \u601d\u91cf\u5fc3) l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 7th<\/sup> , M\u1ea1t-na (sa. manas<\/em>);<\/li>
      • Duy\u00ean L\u1ef1 T\u00e2m (zh. \u7de3\u616e\u5fc3) l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u, \u00fd th\u1ee9c (sa. manovij\u00f1\u0101na<\/em>).<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/strong> <\/strong>Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/strong> (zh. \u5fc3\u6240, sa., pi. cetasika<\/em>), ho\u1eb7c T\u00e2m s\u1edf h\u1eefu ph\u00e1p<\/strong> (sa. caittadharma<\/em>), l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o T\u00e2m, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (sa. vij\u00f1\u0101na<\/em>) \u2013 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng (sa. cittar\u0101ja<\/em>), l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u2013 \u0111ang sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3. Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.  C\u00e1c T\u00e2m s\u1edf mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1, t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u2013 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i T\u00e2m theo Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng To\u1ea1 B\u1ed9<\/strong> <\/strong>Trong khi Kinh T\u1ea1ng t\u00f3m th\u00e2u m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi Ng\u0169 U\u1ea9n s\u1eafc, th\u1ee5, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c th\u00ec A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng To\u1ea1 B\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp 3 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u00e2m l\u00fd khi b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (sa. bhava<\/em>): T\u00e2m<\/strong> (sa. citta<\/em>), T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/strong> v\u00e0 S\u1eafc<\/strong> (sa. R\u016bpa.<\/em>) T\u00e2m S\u1edf bao g\u1ed3m Th\u1ee5 (sa. vedan\u0101<\/em>), T\u01b0\u1edfng (sa. sa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101<\/em>) v\u00e0 50 H\u00e0nh (sa. sa\u1e43sk\u0101ra<\/em>), t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 52 t\u00e2m s\u1edf. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, 25 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh (thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 trung t\u00ednh v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p), 14 l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7n (sa. aku\u015bala<\/em>) c\u00f2n 13 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n hay trung t\u00ednh tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00e2m (th\u1ee9c) m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng. C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i T\u00e2m theo Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9<\/strong> <\/strong>Thuy\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft h\u1eefu b\u1ed9 (sa. sarv\u0101stiv\u0101din) chia c\u00e1c T\u00e2m s\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i theo A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma-c\u00e2u-x\u00e1 lu\u1eadn (sa. abhidharmako\u015ba) c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n (sa. vasubandhu) v\u00e0 A-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma ph\u00e1t tr\u00ed lu\u1eadn (sa. abhidharmaj\u00f1\u0101naprasth\u0101na-\u015b\u0101stra) c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e0-\u0111a-di\u1ec5n-ni t\u1eed (sa. k\u0101ty\u0101yan\u012bputra), t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 46 t\u00e2m s\u1edf (thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef trong ngo\u1eb7c l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef sa): \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p<\/strong> <\/strong>10 \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p (zh. \u5927\u5730\u6cd5, sa. mah\u0101bh\u016bmik\u0101-dharma<\/em>), ch\u1ec9 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng sinh kh\u1edfi v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

        1. Th\u1ee5 (\u53d7, vedan\u0101<\/em>), th\u1ee5, l\u0129nh n\u1ea1p. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i th\u1ee5, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: kh\u1ed5 th\u1ee5, l\u1ea1c th\u1ee5, phi kh\u1ed5 phi l\u1ea1c th\u1ee5;<\/li>
        2. T\u01b0\u1edfng (\u60f3, sa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101<\/em>), t\u01b0\u1edfng, t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p t\u01b0\u1edbng sai bi\u1ec7t;<\/li>
        3. T\u01b0 (\u601d, cetan\u0101<\/em>), \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n, t\u00e2m t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c;<\/li>
        4. X\u00fac (\u89f8, spar\u015ba<\/em>): x\u00fac, s\u1ef1 x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed1i do c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c sinh ra;<\/li>
        5. D\u1ee5c (\u6b32, chanda<\/em>), mong c\u1ea7u v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh;<\/li>
        6. Hu\u1ec7 (\u6167, praj\u00f1\u0101<\/em>, mati<\/em>), tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a;<\/li>
        7. Ni\u1ec7m (\u5ff5, sm\u1e5bti<\/em>), t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, ghi nh\u1edb kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean;<\/li>
        8. T\u00e1c \u00fd (\u4f5c\u610f, m\u0101nask\u0101ra<\/em>), t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c hay khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c;<\/li>
        9. Th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i (\u52dd\u89e3, adhimok\u1e63a<\/em>), s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u00f9 th\u1eafng, \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh sinh ra t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u1ea5n kh\u1ea3, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh;<\/li>
        10. Tam-ma-\u0111\u1ecba (\u4e09\u6469\u5730) ho\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ecbnh (\u5b9a, sam\u0101dhi<\/em>), ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1eb3ng tr\u00ec, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

          \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p<\/strong> <\/strong>10 \u0110\u1ea1i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p (zh. \u5927\u5584\u5730\u6cd5, sa. ku\u015balamah\u0101bh\u016bmik\u0101dharma<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          1. T\u00edn (\u4fe1 \u015braddh\u0101<\/em>), l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn;<\/li>
          2. C\u1ea7n (\u52e4) ho\u1eb7c Tinh ti\u1ebfn (\u7cbe\u9032, v\u012brya<\/em>), si\u00eang n\u0103ng tu t\u1eadp;<\/li>
          3. X\u1ea3 (\u6368, upek\u1e63\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
          4. T\u00e0m (\u615a, hr\u012b<\/em>), t\u1ef1 th\u1eb9n;<\/li>
          5. Qu\u00fd (\u6127, apatr\u0101pya<\/em>, apatrap\u0101<\/em>), bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, bi\u1ebft x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5;<\/li>
          6. V\u00f4 tham (\u7121\u8caa, alobha<\/em>);<\/li>
          7. V\u00f4 s\u00e2n (\u7121\u778b, adve\u015ba<\/em>);<\/li>
          8. B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i (\u4e0d\u5bb3, ahi\u1e43s\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
          9. Khinh an (\u8f15\u5b89, pra\u015brabdhi<\/em>);<\/li>
          10. B\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt (\u4e0d\u653e\u9038, apram\u0101da<\/em>).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

            \u0110\u1ea1i Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p<\/strong> <\/strong>6 \u0110\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p (\u5927\u7169\u60f1\u5730\u6cd5, kle\u015bamah\u0101bh\u016bmik\u0101-dharma<\/em>) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, g\u00e2y kh\u1ed5, bao g\u1ed3m s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            1. Si (\u7661) ho\u1eb7c V\u00f4 minh (\u7121\u660e, moha<\/em>, avidy\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
            2. Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt (\u653e\u9038, pram\u0101da<\/em>);<\/li>
            3. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i (\u61c8\u6020, kaus\u012bdya<\/em>), t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng tinh ti\u1ebfn, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c;<\/li>
            4. B\u1ea5t t\u00edn (\u4e0d\u4fe1, \u0101\u015braddya<\/em>);<\/li>
            5. H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m (\u660f\u6c89, sty\u0101na<\/em>), t\u00e2m ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm, l\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb, thi\u1ebfu linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n;<\/li>
            6. Tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed (\u6389\u8209, auddhatya<\/em>), t\u00e2m xao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

              \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea5t Thi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p<\/strong> <\/strong>2 \u0110\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p (\u5927\u4e0d\u5584\u5730, aku\u015balamah\u0101bh\u016bmik\u0101-dharma<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

              1. V\u00f4 t\u00e2m (\u7121\u615a, \u0101hr\u012bkya<\/em>), kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m;<\/li>
              2. V\u00f4 qu\u00fd (\u7121\u6127, anapatr\u0101pya<\/em>, anapatrap\u0101<\/em>), t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed9i qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                Ti\u1ec3u Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p<\/strong> <\/strong>10 Ti\u1ec3u phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p (\u5c0f\u7169\u60f1\u5730\u6cd5, par\u012bttabh\u016bmik\u0101-upakle\u015ba<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                1. Ph\u1eabn (\u5fff, krodha<\/em>);<\/li>
                2. Ph\u00fa (\u8986, mrak\u1e63a<\/em>), th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3, che gi\u1ea5u c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh;<\/li>
                3. Xan (\u6173 m\u0101tsarya<\/em>), xan tham, \u00edch k\u1ec9;<\/li>
                4. T\u1eadt (\u5ac9, \u012br\u1e63y\u0101<\/em>), ganh gh\u00e9t;<\/li>
                5. N\u00e3o (\u60f1, pr\u0101da\u015ba<\/em>), lo l\u1eafng, bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n;<\/li>
                6. H\u1ea1i (\u5bb3, vihi\u1e43s\u0101<\/em>), t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1c h\u1ea1i;<\/li>
                7. H\u1eadn (\u6068, upan\u0101ha<\/em>), l\u00f2ng h\u1eadn th\u00f9;<\/li>
                8. Xi\u1ec3m (\u8ac2, m\u0101y\u0101<\/em>), n\u00f3i x\u1ea1o, lo\u00e8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi;<\/li>
                9. Cu\u1ed1ng (\u8a91, \u015b\u0101\u1e6dhya<\/em>), gian l\u1eadn, d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t, l\u1eeba l\u1ecdc;<\/li>
                10. Ki\u00eau (\u618d, mada<\/em>), t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                  B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ecba Ph\u00e1p<\/strong> <\/strong>8 B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p (\u4e0d\u5b9a\u5730\u6cd5, anityat\u0101bh\u016bmik\u0101dharma<\/em>), g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh” v\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1ng thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, tu\u1ef3 theo c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 T\u1ea7m, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf suy ngh\u0129 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c thi\u1ec7n \u2013 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 suy ngh\u0129, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u2013 ho\u1eb7c x\u1ea5u, n\u1ebfu T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0 suy ngh\u0129 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1ch l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2026 B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p bao g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m lo\u1ea1i:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                  1. H\u1ed1i (\u6094, kauk\u1e5btya<\/em>), \u0103n n\u0103n, h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn;<\/li>
                  2. Mi\u00ean (\u7720, middha<\/em>), gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7;<\/li>
                  3. T\u1ea7m (\u5c0b, vitarka<\/em>), suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4;<\/li>
                  4. T\u1ee9 (\u4f3a, vic\u0101ra<\/em>), suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u1ea1ng tinh t\u1ebf;<\/li>
                  5. Tham (\u8caa, r\u0101ga<\/em>), tham m\u00ea, \u0111\u1eafm m\u00ea;<\/li>
                  6. S\u00e2n (\u778b, pratigha<\/em>), t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn;<\/li>
                  7. M\u1ea1n (\u6162, m\u0101na<\/em>), ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n;<\/li>
                  8. Nghi (\u7591, vicikits\u0101<\/em>)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                    C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i T\u00e2m theo Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng<\/strong> <\/strong>Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t 51 lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m s\u1edf. \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (asa\u1e45ga) ph\u00e2n chia 51 t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i trong \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba a-t\u00ec-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma t\u1eadp lu\u1eadn (sa. abhidharmasamuccaya): Bi\u1ebfn H\u00e0nh T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/strong> <\/strong>5 Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf (\u904d\u884c, sarvatraga<\/em>), n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t T\u00e2m V\u01b0\u01a1ng, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                    1. X\u00fac (spar\u015ba<\/em>);<\/li>
                    2. T\u00e1c \u00fd (manask\u0101ra<\/em>);<\/li>
                    3. Th\u1ee5 (vedan\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
                    4. T\u01b0\u1edfng (sa\u1e43j\u00f1\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
                    5. T\u01b0 (cetan\u0101), t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf;<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                      Bi\u1ec7t C\u1ea3nh T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/strong> <\/strong>5 Bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3nh t\u00e2m s\u1edf (\u5225\u5883, viniyata<\/em>) n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                      1. D\u1ee5c (chanda<\/em>);<\/li>
                      2. Th\u1eafng gi\u1ea3i (adhimok\u1e63a<\/em>);<\/li>
                      3. Ni\u1ec7m (sm\u1e5bti<\/em>);<\/li>
                      4. \u0110\u1ecbnh (sam\u0101dhi<\/em>);<\/li>
                      5. Hu\u1ec7 (praj\u00f1\u0101<\/em>), ch\u1ec9 duy\u00ean (n\u01b0\u01a1ng) theo c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 sinh kh\u1edfi.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                        Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/strong> <\/strong>11 Thi\u1ec7n t\u00e2m s\u1edf (\u5584, ku\u015bala<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                        1. T\u00edn (\u015braddh\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
                        2. T\u00e0m (hr\u012b<\/em>);<\/li>
                        3. Qu\u00fd (apatr\u0101pya<\/em>);<\/li>
                        4. V\u00f4 tham (alobha<\/em>);<\/li>
                        5. V\u00f4 s\u00e2n (adve\u1e63a<\/em>);<\/li>
                        6. V\u00f4 si (amoha<\/em>);<\/li>
                        7. Tinh ti\u1ebfn (v\u012brya<\/em>);<\/li>
                        8. Khinh an (pra\u015brabdhi<\/em>);<\/li>
                        9. B\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt (apram\u0101da<\/em>);<\/li>
                        10. X\u1ea3 (upek\u015b\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
                        11. B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1i (avihi\u1e43s\u0101<\/em>).<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                          C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/strong> <\/strong>6 C\u0103n b\u1ea3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00e2m s\u1edf (\u6839\u672c\u7169\u60f1, m\u016blakle\u015ba<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                          1. Tham (r\u0101ga<\/em>);<\/li>
                          2. H\u1eadn (pratigha<\/em>);<\/li>
                          3. M\u1ea1n (m\u0101na<\/em>);<\/li>
                          4. V\u00f4 minh (avidy\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
                          5. Nghi (vicikits\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
                          6. Ki\u1ebfn (d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6di<\/em>) c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u00c1c ki\u1ebfn.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                            \u0110i\u1ec3m th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u l\u00e0 Ki\u1ebfn c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i: 1.      Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn (\u8eab\u898b, satk\u0101yad\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6di<\/em>): m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i “ta” (\u6211), l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ta” (\u6211\u6240);2.      Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn (\u908a\u898b, antagr\u0101had\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6di<\/em>): m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i “ta” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n [th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn] ho\u1eb7c ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa hai cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi [\u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn];3.      Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn (\u898b\u53d6\u898b, d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6dipar\u0101mar\u015ba<\/em>): ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n ho\u1eb7c ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o. Ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn;4.      Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 ki\u1ebfn (\u6212\u7981\u53d6\u898b, \u015b\u012blavrata-par\u0101mar\u015ba<\/em>): l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i cho r\u1eb1ng, nh\u1eefng quy t\u1eafc x\u1eed s\u1ef1 sai ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tu t\u1eadp sai \u2013 nh\u01b0 t\u1ef1 xem m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 con th\u00fa v\u00e0 b\u1eaft ch\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u2013, ho\u1eb7c ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c sai tr\u00e1i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hay nh\u1ea5t;5.      T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn (\u90aa\u898b, mithy\u0101d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6di<\/em>): ki\u1ebfn ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1i g\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, th\u00eau d\u1ec7t th\u00eam v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Tu\u1ef3 Phi\u1ec1n N\u00e3o T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/strong> <\/strong>20 Tu\u1ef3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u00e2m s\u1edf (\u96a8\u7169\u60f1, upakle\u015ba<\/em>):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                            1. Ph\u1eabn (krodha<\/em>);<\/li>
                            2. H\u1eadn (upan\u0101ha<\/em>), u\u1ea5t \u1ee9c, t\u00e2m th\u00f9 o\u00e1n;<\/li>
                            3. Ph\u00fa (mrak\u1e63a<\/em>), che gi\u1ea5u t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3;<\/li>
                            4. N\u00e3o (prad\u0101\u015ba<\/em>), l\u00e0m b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i phi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5u;<\/li>
                            5. T\u1eadt (\u012br\u1e63y\u0101<\/em>), ganh gh\u00e9t v\u00ec th\u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u01a1n m\u00ecnh;<\/li>
                            6. Xan (m\u0101tsarya<\/em>), tham lam, \u00edch k\u1ec9;<\/li>
                            7. Xi\u1ec3m (m\u0101y\u0101<\/em>), gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t m\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3;<\/li>
                            8. Cu\u1ed1ng (\u015b\u0101\u1e6dhya<\/em>), gian l\u1eadn, d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t, l\u1eeba l\u1ecdc;<\/li>
                            9. Ki\u00eau (mada<\/em>), t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5;<\/li>
                            10. \u00c1c (vihi\u1e43s\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
                            11. V\u00f4 t\u00e0m (\u0101hr\u012bkya<\/em>), kh\u00f4ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m;<\/li>
                            12. V\u00f4 qu\u00fd (anapatr\u0101pya<\/em>, anapatrap\u0101<\/em>), t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1ee3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ed9i qu\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c khi ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i;<\/li>
                            13. H\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m (sty\u0101na<\/em>), t\u00e2m ch\u00ecm \u0111\u1eafm, l\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb, thi\u1ebfu linh \u0111\u1ed9ng, nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n;<\/li>
                            14. Tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed (auddhatya<\/em>), xao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng y\u00ean;<\/li>
                            15. B\u1ea5t t\u00edn (\u0101\u015braddhy\u0101<\/em>);<\/li>
                            16. Gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e3i (kaus\u012bdya<\/em>), t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng tinh ti\u1ebfn, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c;<\/li>
                            17. Ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt (pram\u0101da<\/em>);<\/li>
                            18. Th\u1ea5t ni\u1ec7m (\u5931\u5ff5, mu\u1e63itasm\u1e5btit\u0101<\/em>), ch\u00f3ng qu\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa t\u00e2m;<\/li>
                            19. T\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n (\u6563\u4e82, vik\u1e63epa<\/em>);<\/li>
                            20. B\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh tri (\u4e0d\u6b63\u77e5, asa\u1e43prajanya<\/em>), hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft sai.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                              B\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ecbnh T\u00e2m S\u1edf<\/strong> <\/strong>4 B\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m s\u1edf (aniyata<\/em>), b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf n\u00e0y thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tu\u1ef3 theo c\u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

                              1. H\u1ed1i (kauk\u1e5btya<\/em>), h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn;<\/li>
                              2. Mi\u00ean (middha<\/em>), l\u1eeb \u0111\u1eeb bu\u1ed3n ng\u1ee7;<\/li>
                              3. T\u1ea7m (vitarka<\/em>), suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u1ea1ng th\u00f4;<\/li>
                              4. T\u1ee9 (vic\u0101ra<\/em>), suy ngh\u0129, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u d\u1ea1ng tinh t\u1ebf.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n

                                C\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c T\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c t\u00e2m s\u1edf v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi A-Nan v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m<\/strong> <\/strong>\u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, t\u00ecm t\u00e2m th\u00ec t\u00e2m ch\u1ea1y, ch\u1ea1y t\u00e2m th\u00ec t\u00e2m theo.  Ch\u1ea1y theo ti\u1ebfng g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a con tim th\u00ec tim ch\u1ea1y; b\u1ecf tim ch\u1ea1y l\u1ea5y th\u00e2n th\u00ec tim \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i theo t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng.  \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft trong l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ed.  T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 trong khoa h\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed khi quan s\u00e1t \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t (particle, observable) khi kh\u00f4ng quan s\u00e1t n\u00f3 th\u00ec n\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh d\u1ea1ng s\u00f3ng (wave, invisible.)  \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 di\u1ec7u \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u201cS\u1eafc t\u1ea5t th\u1ecb Kh\u00f4ng; Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea5t th\u1ecb S\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u01afng v\u00f4 s\u1edf tr\u1ee5, nhi sinh k\u1ef3 t\u00e2m.\u201dTrong Kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam \u0111o\u1ea1n Ph\u1eadt \u2018d\u00e0i d\u00f2ng gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m cho b\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eeba,\u2019 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1edfi Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa.  \u0110\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, A-Nan kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 ta ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y thay v\u00ec Google l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m. \u00b7         Ph\u1eadt k\u00eau A-Nan h\u1ecfi r\u1eb1ng: “Trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p ta, \u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t gia?”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “V\u00ec th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1ea1 th\u01b0\u1eddng, con sanh l\u00f2ng h\u00e2m m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t gia.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: “\u00d4ng n\u00f3i: V\u00ec th\u1ea5y 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, sanh l\u00f2ng h\u00e2m m\u1ed9<\/em>; v\u1eady \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e2m m\u1ed9?”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “Con l\u1ea5y m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m h\u00e2m m\u1ed9.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: “\u00d4ng n\u00f3i: l\u1ea5y con m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m h\u00e2m m\u1ed9<\/em>, v\u1eady \u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 con m\u1eaft \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng?\u00b7         \u00d4ng t\u1eeb h\u1ed3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, c\u0169ng v\u00ec t\u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1eaft! N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft n\u00f3 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n lao. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u1ecb gi\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm, \u0111em binh d\u1eb9p tr\u1eeb, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft gi\u1eb7c tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd d\u1eb9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eb7c.”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh con hi\u1ec3u, m\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u cho con m\u1eaft \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t, c\u00f2n t\u00e2m \u1edf trong th\u00e2n<\/em>.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: “\u00d4ng ng\u1ed3i trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec? V\u00e0 v\u00ec sao \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i ngo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1eddn?”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, con ng\u1ed3i trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd m\u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1eeda, n\u00ean con nh\u00ecn ra ngo\u00e0i, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: “C\u00f3 ai ng\u1ed3i trong nh\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1eadt trong nh\u00e0, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng?”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i trong nh\u00e0, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1eadt trong nh\u00e0, l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: “T\u00e2m \u00f4ng c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt \u1edf trong th\u00e2n \u00f4ng, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y tim, gan, ru\u1ed9t, ph\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c m\u00f3ng tay ra, t\u00f3c d\u00e0i, g\u00e2n chuy\u1ec3n, m\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf trong, r\u1ed3i sau do m\u1edf m\u1eaft, \u00f4ng m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7ng c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u0103ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt trong gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, r\u1ed3i sau d\u00f2m ra ngo\u00e0i, m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y n\u00fai s\u00f4ng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng v.v. V\u1eady c\u00f3 ai tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5y tim, gan, ru\u1ed9t, ph\u1ed5i \u1edf trong th\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i sau m\u1edbi th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng, th\u00ec \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: t\u00e2m \u1edf trong th\u00e2n<\/em> l\u00e0 phi l\u00fd.”\u00b7         A-Nan b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u1ee9 theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn tr\u00ean th\u00ec con hi\u1ec3u: T\u00e2m \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n. V\u00ec n\u1ebfu \u1edf trong th\u00e2n, sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u1edf b\u00ean trong, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. V\u1eady n\u00ean con bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ed1t ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e0, n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng s\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong nh\u00e0. Ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u00fang r\u1ed3i, ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c n\u1eefa.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi A-nan: “C\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n, th\u00ec th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh d\u1ea5p v\u1edbi nhau. V\u1eady trong l\u00fac t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft, th\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft; c\u00f2n khi th\u00e2n bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ta v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 kheo, v\u00ec th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean khi ta th\u1ecd trai, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng no \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady \u00f4ng th\u1eed xem c\u00e1nh tay c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00e2y, trong l\u00fac m\u1eaft (th\u00e2n) \u00f4ng v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y, t\u00e2m \u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft li\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng?”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, trong l\u00fac con m\u1eaft v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec t\u00e2m con li\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: “N\u1ebfu m\u1eaft \u00f4ng v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y, t\u00e2m \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec th\u00e2n \u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: T\u00e2m \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n<\/em> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, theo l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt b\u00e1c: t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong th\u00e2n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean trong; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n, v\u00ec m\u1eaft v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y, t\u00e2m li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft, r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng t\u00e2m th\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi nhau<\/em>. C\u1ee9 theo l\u00fd lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y, th\u00ec con hi\u1ec3u: T\u00e2m n\u00fap trong con m\u1eaft; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ki\u1ebfng, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadt b\u00ean trong.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi A-Nan: “N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m con n\u00fap trong con m\u1eaft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ki\u1ebfng; v\u1eady t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ki\u1ebfng trong khi h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfng mang \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?<\/em>“\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: “N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u00f4ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ki\u1ebfng, th\u00ec v\u1eady sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ki\u1ebfng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfng mang, c\u00f2n t\u00e2m \u00f4ng sao kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u00ec con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ra c\u1ea3nh b\u1ecb th\u1ea5y, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n \u00f4ng m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i. N\u1ebfu th\u00e2n, t\u00e2m ngo\u00e0i nhau, th\u00ec l\u00e0m sao m\u1eaft \u00f4ng v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y, t\u00e2m \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, th\u00ec sao \u00f4ng t\u1ef7 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ki\u1ebfng? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: T\u00e2m n\u00fap trong con m\u1eaft, nh\u01b0 con m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang ki\u1ebfng n\u00fap sau c\u00e1i ki\u1ebfng<\/em> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd con ngh\u0129: Nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i, l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea5y trong th\u00e2n (gan ru\u1ed9t); nh\u1edd c\u1eedu khi\u1ebfu, th\u1ea5t huy\u1ec7t (c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan) tr\u1ed1ng h\u1edf, n\u00ean m\u1edf m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n. Ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang kh\u00f4ng?”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi A-Nan: “\u00d4ng n\u00f3i: Nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y trong th\u00e2n<\/em> v\u1eady th\u00ec khi \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i, c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft \u00f4ng hay kh\u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i t\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5y. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, sao \u00f4ng l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i th\u1ea5y trong? N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng cho th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y trong th\u00e2n (gan ru\u1ed9t) th\u00ec khi \u1edf trong nh\u00e0 t\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y gan ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sao? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i, \u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y trong th\u00e2n, m\u1edf m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n, v\u1eady sao \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t? C\u00e1i m\u1eb7t \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, \u00f4ng m\u1edf m\u1eaft c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y, th\u00ec khi nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m sao ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y trong th\u00e2n? N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng, th\u00ec con m\u1eaft v\u1edbi t\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n \u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m v\u00e0 m\u1eaft \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n, th\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng cho t\u00e2m, m\u1eaft (ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n \u00f4ng) \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00f4ng, v\u1eady th\u00ec nay ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eb7t \u00f4ng, th\u1ebf th\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng sao? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, trong l\u00fac con m\u1eaft \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec th\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, khi th\u00e2n \u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec con m\u1eaft \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft (v\u00ec \u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p n\u00f3 r\u1eddi nhau). N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng cho c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft (t\u00e2m), v\u1eady khi tu h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh hai v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt sao? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft: \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: th\u1ea5y t\u1ed1i l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y trong th\u00e2n<\/em> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, con th\u01b0\u1eddng nghe Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y t\u1ee9 ch\u00fang: Do t\u00e2m sanh, n\u00ean c\u00e1c <\/em>ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi sanh. Do c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p sanh, cho n\u00ean t\u00e2m m\u1edbi sanh<\/em>. Nay con suy ngh\u0129, th\u00ec c\u00e1i suy ngh\u0129<\/em> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a con; t\u00f9y h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec t\u00e2m li\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong, ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi A-Nan: “\u00d4ng n\u00f3i t\u00f9y h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec t\u00e2m li\u1ec1n theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3<\/em> nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3 (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3) th\u00ec l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p? c\u00f2n n\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ec3, th\u00ec \u00f4ng th\u1eed l\u1ea5y tay m\u1eb7t \u0111\u00e1nh qua tay tr\u00e1i, \u00f4ng li\u1ec1n bi\u1ebft \u0111au. V\u1eady c\u00e1i t\u00e2m bi\u1ebft \u0111au n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong th\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y ra hay t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o? N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: n\u00f3 t\u1eeb trong th\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y ra<\/em>, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y gan ru\u1ed9t trong th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. C\u00f2n n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 t\u1eeb ngo\u00e0i h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng.”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “Con m\u1eaft th\u00ec th\u1ea5y, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i t\u00e2m th\u00ec bi\u1ebft;”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: “con m\u1eaft th\u00ec th\u1ea5y<\/em>, ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: “N\u1ebfu con m\u1eaft th\u1ea5y th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, con m\u1eaft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, sao h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt? N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y v\u1eadt, th\u00ec sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft? L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu c\u00e1i t\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt th\u1ec3, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hay nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3, \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n \u00f4ng, hay kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n? N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3, v\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n, th\u00ec khi \u00f4ng l\u1ea5y tay \u0111\u00e1nh th\u1eed m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 tr\u00ean th\u00e2n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ra th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111au h\u1ebft, v\u00ec t\u00e2m \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3. N\u1ebfu c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111au, th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111au \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ebd ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1i \u0111au c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh, th\u00ec \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: c\u00e1i t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 th\u00e2n<\/em> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i. C\u00f2n n\u00f3i t\u00e2m \u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ec3<\/em> th\u00ec th\u00e0nh ra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u1eady c\u00e1i n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng? N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf kh\u1eafp th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, v\u1eady \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n, khi \u1ea5y n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea7u bi\u1ebft \u0111au, th\u00ec ch\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, c\u00f2n ch\u00e2n bi\u1ebft \u0111au, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt t\u1ebf th\u00ec, \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111au. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: t\u00f9y h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, th\u00ec t\u00e2m t\u00f9y theo \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3<\/em> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.”\u00b7         A-Nan b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt: “Con nghe Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i V\u0103n Th\u00f9…khi lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng<\/em> (ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m), Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: T\u00e2m ch\u1eb3ng \u1edf trong v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i<\/em>. Nay con suy ngh\u0129: N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m \u1edf trong th\u00e2n, sao ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ean trong? C\u00f2n n\u00f3i t\u00e2m \u1edf ngo\u00e0i, th\u00ec sao t\u00e2m l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft \u0111au? Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf th\u00ec t\u00e2m<\/em> ch\u1eafc \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: “\u00d4ng n\u00f3i t\u00e2m \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa<\/em>, v\u1eady c\u00e1i ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa<\/em> l\u00e0 gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n hay c\u1ea3nh; n\u1ebfu \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa th\u00e2n, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u1edf trong th\u00e2n, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc tim, gan, ru\u1ed9t, ph\u1ed5i \u1edf b\u00ean trong. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 \u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau (c\u00e1i gi\u1eefa) ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3; c\u00f2n n\u1ebfu ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa. V\u00ec sao? Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1eafm ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00ec xem th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y \u1ea5y c\u1eafm \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y; c\u00f2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u00eda nam, th\u00ec xem th\u1ea5y c\u00e2y \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc. C\u00e1i c\u00e2y c\u1eafm n\u00eau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ee9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa, th\u00ec c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00f4n l\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “Con n\u00f3i ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa<\/em> kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i hai ch\u1ed7 \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: con m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n, sanh ra nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c<\/em>. M\u1ed9t b\u00ean con m\u1eaft th\u00ec c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t b\u00ean s\u1eafc tr\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i th\u1ee9c sanh ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u1edf.”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: \u00d4ng n\u00f3i: T\u00e2m \u00f4ng sanh ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u0103n v\u00e0 tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh<\/em> hay kh\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai. N\u1ebfu g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai, th\u00ec c\u0103n v\u1edbi c\u1ea3nh l\u1ed9n l\u1ea1o (c\u0103n kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u0103n, c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh; v\u00ec v\u1eeba bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft). Song tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c, c\u00f2n c\u0103n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c, hai b\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp ri\u00eang kh\u00e1c, v\u1eady l\u1ea5y ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m gi\u1eefa. C\u00f2n nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh, th\u00ec t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt th\u1ec3. V\u1eady l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa? Th\u1ebf n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft: \u00d4ng n\u00f3i t\u00e2m \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa<\/em> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.”\u00b7         A-Nan th\u01b0a: “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc con th\u1ea5y khi Ph\u1eadt c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u0110\u1ea1i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean, Tu B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 v.v. n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p, Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: C\u00e1i t\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf trong th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf ngo\u00e0i th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3; kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc (v\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1edbc) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em> \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e2m. V\u1eady nay con l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc<\/em> \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m t\u00e2m, ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?”\u00b7         Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi: “\u00d4ng n\u00f3i: l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em> l\u00e0m t\u00e2m. V\u1eady t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng: t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u01b0-kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf-gi\u1edbi, chim bay tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi, c\u00e1 l\u1ed9i d\u01b0\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v.v. V\u1eady c\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc (tr\u01b0\u1edbc) hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc? N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c v\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00f4ng r\u00f9a, s\u1eebng th\u1ecf: n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng, th\u1eddi c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u00e0 d\u00ednh m\u1eafc. N\u1ebfu c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc<\/em> th\u00ec \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>. V\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 c\u00f3. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc<\/em>. Th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u00f4ng n\u00f3i: kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0m t\u00e2m<\/em> c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                Ch\u00e2n Nh\u01b0 (zh. \u771f\u5982, sa., pi. tathat\u0101, bh\u016btatathat\u0101) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea1n\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1820,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-khong-phan-loai"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1819"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1821,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1819\/revisions\/1821"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1819"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}