{"id":1858,"date":"2020-09-12T14:36:44","date_gmt":"2020-09-12T14:36:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1858"},"modified":"2020-09-12T14:36:44","modified_gmt":"2020-09-12T14:36:44","slug":"vai-suy-nghi-ve-tam-va-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/12\/vai-suy-nghi-ve-tam-va-thuc\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e0i suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;19\/01\/2011 08:57:00&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/author\/admin\/\">Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Trung<\/a>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 2844&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/tamtanh\/Vaisuynghivetamvathuc_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef:&nbsp;<a href=\"javascript:tsz('article_body','12px')\"><\/a><a href=\"javascript:tsz('article_body','18px')\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/tamtanh\/Vaisuynghivetamvathuc_files\/MindPower_143421628.jpg\" alt=\"image\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n &#8211; do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Buddha &#8211; v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt) thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng &#8211; do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong b\u00e0i \u201cKhi V\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc g\u00f5 c\u1eeda B\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc\u201d, khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 vi\u1ebft : \u201c\u2026 ch\u00fang ta hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed ch\u1ee9a t\u00e2m, ch\u1ee9a th\u1ee9c\u201d. T\u00e2m (citta) v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c (vinnana) l\u00e0 thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong hai n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng: th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi duy t\u00e2m bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p duy th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u1eef \u201c<strong>t\u00e2m<\/strong>\u201d l\u00e0 t\u1eeb H\u00e1n &#8211; Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ch\u1eef H\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau: tr\u00e1i tim, trung t\u00e2m, t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, t\u00e2m linh, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, t\u00e2m tr\u00ed, t\u00e2m t\u00ednh, t\u00e2m t\u00ecnh, t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n, t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft, t\u00e2m can, t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafc, l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m v.v\u2026 T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d, chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u201ccitta\u201d c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i hai ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00e1i tim v\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ra, c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tinh th\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn r\u1eb1ng \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 \u201ccon ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m\u201d hay \u201cch\u1eef t\u00e2m kia m\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ba ch\u1eef t\u00e0i\u201d th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb hi\u1ec3u sai, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, trong khi ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d m\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 tinh th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ccitta\u201d.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201c<strong>th\u1ee9c<\/strong>\u201d (vinnana), nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef cao si\u00eau kh\u00f3 l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u201cth\u1ee9c\u201d l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201clinh h\u1ed3n\u201d, n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u vi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 \u201cKhi b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o ch\u1ed1n linh thi\u00eang \u1ea5y, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c l\u1ea3ng v\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Khi m\u1ecdi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201ccitta\u201d, v\u00e0 ch\u1eef \u201cth\u1ee9c\u201d t\u1ea1o ra \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef cao si\u00eau kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, th\u00ec li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u201ccitta\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cvinnana\u201d hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang bi\u1ebft. Bi\u1ebft t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129. Gi\u00e1c quan v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u00fd ngh\u0129 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. V\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n di\u1ec5n ra trong c\u00e1c axon th\u1ea7n kinh khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c n\u01a1ron th\u1ea7n kinh \u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c c\u00e1c t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u k\u00edch th\u00edch, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn sai l\u1ea1c trong s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n th\u00e0nh ra h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh, \u00e2m thanh, m\u00f9i, v\u1ecb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. S\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng ph\u1ea5n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1ron th\u1ea7n kinh gi\u00e1c quan m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u1edf \u00fd th\u1ee9c (khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf n\u00e3o ng\u01b0\u1eddi), t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy ra r\u1eb1ng: \u201cm\u1ecdi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft\u201d. So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u201ccitta\u201d t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u201cc\u00e1i bi\u1ebft\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1eeb thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a ch\u1eef \u201ct\u00e2m\u201d trong Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i bi\u1ebft\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xin l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng khi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft, th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u201cc\u00e1i\u201d trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f4ng cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 v\u00ec n\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Nh\u01b0ng d\u00f9 g\u00ec \u0111i n\u1eefa th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh m\u1ed9t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. \u201cC\u00e1i\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1n t\u1eeb.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n, Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft. H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i bi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1edfi \u00fd th\u1ee9c, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh (manadhamma &#8211; danh ph\u00e1p). H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (rupadhamma &#8211; s\u1eafc ph\u00e1p), bi\u1ebft \u1edf n\u0103m gi\u00e1c quan, r\u1ed3i \u00fd th\u1ee9c bi\u1ebft li\u1ec1n ngay sau \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec ch\u1ec9 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i n\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1ch quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 trong h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 trong h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ecbnh danh, ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n, tr\u00f9ng ch\u1eadp, h\u1ed7n \u0111\u1ed9n m\u00e0 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh ra t\u1eebng m\u00f3n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t: con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, con th\u00fa, c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, h\u00e0nh tinh, thi\u00ean h\u00e0, v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau, v\u0103n h\u00f3a, khoa h\u1ecdc v.v\u2026 Khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n c\u1ef1c trong c\u00e1c axon th\u1ea7n kinh. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 suy ra r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f3n do c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&nbsp; So s\u00e1nh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u1edbi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p duy th\u1ee9c\u201d, th\u00ec th\u1ee9c (vinnana) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng m\u00f3n do c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y ra\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a vinnana, th\u00ec n\u00ean s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201ch\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft\u201d. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 do c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. S\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng (sankhata &#8211; h\u00e0nh), trong c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, hay ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y l\u00e0 do c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u xem c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1ee9a t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9a th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ee9a t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9a th\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00e2m, l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vi h\u1ea1t n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9a t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9a th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3. C\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9a t\u00e2m ch\u1ee9a th\u1ee9c c\u1ea3. V\u0169 tr\u1ee5, vi h\u1ea1t hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng m\u00f3n m\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft \u1edf h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f4 b\u00e0y ra m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec nh\u00ecn ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3, n\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i cho r\u1eb1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, m\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, do \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u1ea5y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u201cb\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u201d v\u00e0 l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng thi\u1ec1n l\u00e0 \u201ctri\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u00f2a nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u201d. Quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan n\u00ean m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 &#8211; m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt &#8211; \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (v\u1ecdng t\u00e2m), \u1edf ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft (t\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n) c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt. V\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng phong ph\u00fa v\u00e0 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng m\u00e0 c\u00f2n kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t : \u0111\u00fang t\u1ed1t, sai x\u1ea5u ho\u1eb7c v\u00f4 t\u00ednh. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f2n h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong n\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v.v\u2026 Trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a trong Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t. Do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc hay l\u0129nh h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ec9 \u1edf nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t th\u00ec c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng mang Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt t\u00ednh v\u1eabn ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n trong m\u1ecdi c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb, tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c (gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp gi\u00fap m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan, l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 duy khoa h\u1ecdc) nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c v.v\u2026 V\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o hay n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y nay, khi khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n g\u00f5 c\u1eeda Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi g\u00f5 c\u1eeda Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n &#8211; do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (Buddha &#8211; v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt) thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng &#8211; do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, v\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc lu\u00f4n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n. Trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 v\u1edbi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 giao \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1 &#8211; Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin sai l\u1ea1c \u1edf c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan.<br>2 &#8211; Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u00ednh s\u00f3ng h\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng vi m\u00f4.<br>3 &#8211; Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u tr\u1eef th\u00f4ng tin trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gene.<br>4 &#8211; Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb c\u00e1c giao \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y &#8211; n\u1ebfu ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 chuy\u00ean ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc (nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc) &#8211; th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u, nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 v\u1ec1 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc; v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y ra c\u00e1c sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c khoa h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u00f3a hay khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00f3a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Ng\u00e0y nay khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec sao \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ed9ng ho\u1eb7c tr\u1eeb \u0111i v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m quan s\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong ch\u00fang \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c (indriya &#8211; c\u0103n: g\u1ed1c) c\u00f3 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n (indriya &#8211; quy\u1ec1n: th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n) t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi (indryia &#8211; quy\u1ec1n: t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi) chi ph\u1ed1i c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c g\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u00e1u g\u1ed1c gi\u00e1c quan, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng s\u00e1u c\u1eb7p t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p (ayatana &#8211; x\u1ee9) \u1edf ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft, li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhau qua c\u00e1c giao di\u1ec7n (dvara &#8211; m\u00f4n: c\u1eeda, l\u1ed1i th\u00f4ng): 1 &#8211; t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1eaft (cakkhayatana &#8211; nh\u00e3n x\u1ee9) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh (rupayatana &#8211; s\u1eafc x\u1ee9), 2 &#8211; t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p tai (sotayatana &#8211; nh\u0129 x\u1ee9) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u00e2m thanh (saddayatana &#8211; thanh x\u1ee9), 3 &#8211; t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u0169i (ghanayatana &#8211; t\u1ef7 x\u1ee9) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u00f9i (gandhayatana &#8211; h\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9), 4 &#8211; t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p l\u01b0\u1ee1i (jivhayatana &#8211; thi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p v\u1ecb (rasayatana &#8211; v\u1ecb x\u1ee9), 5 &#8211; t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p th\u00e2n (kayayatana &#8211; th\u00e2n x\u1ee9) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00fac gi\u00e1c (photthabbayatana &#8211; x\u00fac x\u1ee9), 6 &#8211; t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p \u00fd (manayatana &#8211; \u00fd x\u1ee9) v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd (dhammayatana &#8211; ph\u00e1p x\u1ee9).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong s\u1ed1 12 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, duy nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u1edf t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t trung th\u1ef1c v\u1eeba c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu theo (sanidassanasappatigha &#8211; h\u1eefu ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu). C\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 phi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t trung th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu theo (anidassanasappatigha &#8211; v\u00f4 ki\u1ebfn h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1edfi vi\u201d t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1eaft c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t trung th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu theo, n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu theo. H\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t trung th\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng (photon). H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu theo l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1ec3. Ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft (s\u1eafc v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c sinh ra t\u1eeb nh\u00e3n x\u00fac).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0103n b\u1ea3n duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng (paccaya &#8211; duy\u00ean). C\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y theo nh\u1ecbp bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kia. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu theo c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p m\u1eaft,&nbsp; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y th\u00e0nh ra c\u00f3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc trong khi th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc (gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o tr\u00ean m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh TV, m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t hu\u1ef3nh quang v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0 huy c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft t\u1ea1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xem c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ea7 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng). S\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c \u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u0103m t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft \u1edf n\u0103m g\u1ed1c gi\u00e1c quan l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng gian, v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1c v\u1eadt th\u1eadt \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong kh\u00f4ng gian\u201d v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh \u00fd ni\u1ec7m so s\u00e1nh c\u00e1c v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i, trong khi th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadt trong kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c1nh s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t trung th\u1ef1c n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c t\u01b0\u01a1nmg \u0111\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c \u0111o \u0111\u1ea1c n\u00e0o. V\u00ec v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta lu\u00f4n th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 300.000Km\/s d\u00f9 \u0111ang th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng chi\u1ec1u hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi n\u00f3. \u0110\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ec9 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng, \u201cQuay \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c th\u1ea5y b\u1ebfn b\u1edd !\u00f8\u201d v\u1edbi h\u00e0m \u00fd v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i, ch\u00fa \u00fd xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c quan. Ch\u1ec9 khi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c suy lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn. Do v\u1eady khi c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/feed\/phat-phap\/giao-phap\/tam-tanh\/6454-Vai-suy-nghi-ve-tam-va-thuc.rss\"><\/a>&nbsp;B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn&nbsp;(1 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/tamtanh\/Vaisuynghivetamvathuc_files\/avatar.gif\" alt=\"avatar\"><a href=\"http:\/\/xn--thnh%20ph-r1a\/?%20VI?T%20TR%C3%8C%20T?NH%20PH%C3%9A%20TH?\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">L\u00ca ANH V\u0168<\/a>&nbsp;16\/01\/2013 15:44:08B\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1945 tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ec7t nam ta ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb 25&gt;30 tu\u1ed5i c\u00f2n ng\u00e0y nay \u00edt nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn 2013 n\u00e0y bq \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 73 tu\u1ed5i v\u1eady xin h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 do tu theo Ph\u1eadt hay nh\u1edd cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ef3 thu\u1eadt.nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc ANHXTANH \u0110\u00c3 T\u1eeaNG N\u00d3I R\u1eb0NG&#8221;KHOA H\u1eccC M\u00c0 KO C\u00d3 T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O TH\u00cc \u0110\u00d3 L\u00c0 M\u1ed8T S\u1ef0 KH\u1eacP KHI\u1ec4NG,C\u00d2N N\u1ebeU T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O M\u00c0 KH\u00d4NG C\u00d3 KHOA H\u1eccC TH\u00cc \u0110\u00d3 L\u00c0 S\u1ef0 M\u00d9 QU\u00c1NG&#8221;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;19\/01\/2011 08:57:00&nbsp;Nguy\u1ec5n \u0110\u0103ng Trung\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 2844&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/tamtanh\/Vaisuynghivetamvathuc_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef:&nbsp; Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n &#8211; do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft tuy\u1ec7t\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1859,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[76],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1858","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tam-tanh"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1858","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1858"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1858\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1860,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1858\/revisions\/1860"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1859"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1858"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1858"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1858"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1858"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}