![\"image\"\/](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/duyenkhoi\/Duyenkhoivatinhkhong%20AlbertEnstein_files\/20gjs79_388889001.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nTri\u1ebft l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi (Paticcasamupp\u00e0da) v\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng (Suny\u00e0ta) l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o l\u00fd then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb Nikaya, Agama cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba (Mahay\u00e0na).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n I. T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi (Paticcasamupp\u00e0da) v\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng (Suny\u00e0ta) l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o l\u00fd then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y xuy\u00ean su\u1ed1t trong c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, t\u1eeb Nikaya, Agama cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba (Mahay\u00e0na). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t v\u00f4 nh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 sau th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed-t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng Nam t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng, t\u1eeb th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y (Therav\u00e0da) \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n sau n\u00e0y. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng, s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Mahay\u00e0na (Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n) v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 (Prajanaparamita S\u00f9tra), m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u0103n h\u1ec7 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u v\u1eady, v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, gi\u1eefa Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n logic h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 “m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu”, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u0103m s\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3; n\u00f3 v\u1eeba l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sinh kh\u1edfi n\u00ean v\u1ea1n h\u1eefu trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung.II. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng1- Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bao la m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh ch\u00fang sinh (t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i c\u00f3 tri gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh ch\u00fang sinh (t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i v\u00f4 tri nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf c\u00e2y hoa l\u00e1, s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i, \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3i v.v…), th\u00ec Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u1edf m\u1ed9t g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i: m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i t\u1eadp ch\u00fa v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y qua 12 Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng duy\u00ean, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c trong s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch quan, t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y qua \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi – nguy\u00ean l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c, sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n sinh. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi qua \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kinh Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Thuy\u1ebft (Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 I, tr.291), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Do A hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00ean B hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu Nguy\u00ean l\u00fd n\u00e0y b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bao la m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng) n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau. S\u1ef1 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v.v… l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u00e2n sinh n\u00e0y; t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng: “Do A hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00ean B hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu… Do A \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u00ean B \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t”. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y t\u1ef7 d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 s\u00f3ng gi\u00f3, do c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng cu\u1ed9n nh\u1ea5p nh\u00f4. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u00f3ng. S\u00f3ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t l\u00e0 do n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u00f3 v.v… R\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c suy lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, m\u00e0 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 H2<\/sub>O. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, qua \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc; nh\u01b0ng qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh khoa h\u1ecdc, n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a hydro v\u00e0 oxy v.v… T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, c\u1ea3 h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh (\u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt) v\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh (th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt – hay v\u1eadt v\u00f4 tri). S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bao g\u1ed3m trong n\u00f3 h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2- T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng (Suny\u00e0ta) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi C\u00f3, m\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p (nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi). T\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a h\u01b0 v\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn; n\u00f3 v\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ly m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1eabu ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa h\u1eefu-v\u00f4, sanh-di\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng-\u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u1ee9-lai, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ph\u1ea1m tr\u00f9 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ecb nguy\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ecdi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t tr\u00ean t\u01b0 duy logic \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i – t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i sau khi m\u1ecdi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea7y \u1eafp nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp kh\u00ed, c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5m, nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1t v\u1ecdng, mong c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 b\u00e0n b\u1ea1c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c n\u00e0o d\u00e3 tr\u00e0ng xe c\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i N\u00e0g\u00e0rjuna, qua Trung Qu\u00e1n lu\u1eadn, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u1ee9c Kh\u00f4ng”. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh theo c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean n\u00f3 c\u0169ng ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t theo c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. V\u00ec l\u1ebd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (theo nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00f3i) th\u00ec ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 (entity) \u0111\u01a1n nh\u1ea5t ngay n\u01a1i t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Do \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1eeb v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ecdi ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3, n\u1ebfu ng\u00e3 th\u1ec3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn hay th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00f3a hay \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi (the world of phenomena). M\u00e0 tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a “Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u1ee9c Kh\u00f4ng” gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi qua ba t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Gi\u1ea3 danh, Kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n a)- Gi\u1ea3 danh: Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t t\u00ean g\u1ecdi kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e2y, m\u01b0a, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc v.v… Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 danh, v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eb7p s\u1ee9c n\u00f3ng-h\u00fat c\u1ee7a \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u01a1i, h\u01a1i ng\u01b0ng t\u1ee5 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e2y, m\u00e2y r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0a, m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v.v… V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c t\u00ean g\u1ecdi m\u00e2y, m\u01b0a, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc… \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1ea1m th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n b)- Kh\u00f4ng: M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n h\u00f3a l\u1eabn nhau. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi; v\u00e0, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi t\u1ee9c Kh\u00f4ng, th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh v\u00f4 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. T\u1ef7 d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n t\u00edch b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e2y, m\u01b0a, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i hydro v\u00e0 oxy – c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 H2O. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch cho \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, th\u00ec t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a hydro v\u00e0 oxy c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u00f9, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng; n\u00f3 x\u00f3a nh\u00f2a m\u1ecdi khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5, chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch trong t\u1eebng m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1edbi. Do v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n c)- Trung \u0111\u1ea1o: Trung \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd, l\u00e0 l\u1ed1i d\u1eabn v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng – Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng; tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 d\u1eabm m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 h\u1eefu-v\u00f4, sinh-di\u1ec7t, th\u01b0\u1eddng-\u0111o\u1ea1n, kh\u1ee9-lai… Do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i Trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eaft d\u1eabn m\u1ecdi sinh linh m\u1ed9t phen \u0111i v\u00e0o “\u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng”, m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n ngay tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. Trung lu\u1eadn vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: “N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng y v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc (ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh) th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf), th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p”. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u1edbi Trung \u0111\u1ea1o, m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 hay l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n III. Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi & Kh\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh E = MC2<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 1905, Einstein \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c E = MC2<\/sup> trong thuy\u1ebft T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0ng Paul Langeoin \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y n\u00f3 cho sinh vi\u00ean. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c E = MC2 n\u00f3i l\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua l\u0103ng k\u00ednh c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00fd h\u1ecdc. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, E bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, M bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 C bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb cho v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (E), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u00e0n s\u00f3ng v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, nghe hay s\u1edd m\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng E l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi); v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3, th\u00ec m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 M (hay kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t (n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c). Th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c E = MC2<\/sup>, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4 \u0111\u1ecdng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0o h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng. T\u1eeb chi ti\u1ebft n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi sum la v\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed7i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, s\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o n\u00ean b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0: c\u00e2y, c\u1ee7i, than, tro…, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng – Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. V\u00e0, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed7i b\u1ea3n s\u1eafc c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch l\u00e2m th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u0169ng t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c E = MC2<\/sup>, th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed \u00e2m m\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 M = 0,90 x 10-30<\/sup> kg g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed d\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 M, th\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ed9t tia gama m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng E = 1,01 mega-electron-volt. \u0110\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y ra joule r\u1ed3i chia cho 2M \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C2<\/sup> , trong \u0111\u00f3 C l\u00e0 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng (300.000km\/s). V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t tia gama m\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng E = 1,10 mega-electron-volt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3 cho hai \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed: m\u1ed9t \u00e2m, m\u1ed9t d\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai chi\u1ec1u gi\u1eefa b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c E = MC2<\/sup> trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd vi m\u00f4, nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c W = MC2<\/sup> trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadt l\u00fd v\u0129 m\u00f4 (thi\u00ean v\u0103n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng d\u1eabn qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh E = MC2<\/sup>, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu chung quanh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi – t\u1ee9c th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng – \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c \/ ngo\u00e0i nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. V\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u1eb1ng sau Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i – t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng, m\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t M\u00e3 Minh, trong Mah\u00e0y\u00e0na-sradhotsp\u00e0da-S\u00e0stra, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 – Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c: Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 = Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c: Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi = Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea1i sao Ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0 l\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi? V\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3n th\u1ecb cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 ph\u00e2n ly c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i – hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 x\u00f3a d\u1ea5u ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng 20\/10\/2009 10:29:00 Kh\u1ea3i Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n Chung T\u00fa\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 9199 http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/duyenkhoi\/Duyenkhoivatinhkhong%20AlbertEnstein_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef: Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi (Paticcasamupp\u00e0da) v\u00e0 t\u00ednh Kh\u00f4ng (Suny\u00e0ta) l\u00e0 hai \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u00e1o l\u00fd then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duyen-khoi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1900","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1900"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1900\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1902,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1900\/revisions\/1902"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1901"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1900"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1900"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1900"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1900"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Do A sinh kh\u1edfi n\u00ean B sinh kh\u1edfi
Do A kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00ean B kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu
Do A \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u00ean B \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t”<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00ean d\u00f2ng ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0” — (Sakya T.Th)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"