![\"image\"\/](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/duyenkhoi\/DuyenKhoivaVonga_files\/4843806932_78d218b2bb_641929385.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nDuy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1. T\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea5y, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Tr\u1eddi, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4n x\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u Nh\u01b0 Lai. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1eed li\u1ec7u n\u00e0o, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Kinh n\u00e0o n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh II; T\u1eadp 12, 16, \u0110\u1ea1i 2, 85a), Kinh Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Thuy\u1ebft (Ud\u00e0na), (Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh I, B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a H.T. Minh Ch\u00e2u 1982), Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed5n (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh III) v\u00e0 Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh III) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh b\u00e0n r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh II), Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-thi (Vipassi), s\u00e1u Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ti\u1ebfp theo Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-thi trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n Th\u00edch-ca-m\u00e2u-ni v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n trong v\u1ecb lai \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i sao gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng? — N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i l\u00e0 “Ph\u00e1p nh\u0129 nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb” (Ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady) th\u00ec c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00f3i l\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean sinh t\u00ednh hay V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh. Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh I, s\u1ed1 28; T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng III, tr. 144 v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 I, tr. 48, ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n: “Ai th\u1ea5y Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p. Ai th\u1ea5y Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt (Ta).”<\/em><\/strong> Th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, th\u00ec t\u1eeb gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o l\u00fd B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Nam t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gi\u1eefa khi s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i hai h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf, gi\u1eefa khi nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 s\u1edf, b\u1ecb ch\u00ecm s\u00e2u v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i Duy\u00ean sinh V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Do v\u00f4 minh, c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh sinh; do h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c sinh; do th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc sinh; do danh s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp sinh; do l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, c\u00f3 x\u00fac sinh; do x\u00fac, c\u00f3 th\u1ecd sinh; do th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 \u00e1i sinh; do \u00e1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ee7 sinh; do th\u1ee7, c\u00f3 h\u1eefu sinh; do h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 sinh sinh; do sinh, c\u00f3 l\u00e3o t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o sinh, hay to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n sinh. \u0110\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi (hay Duy\u00ean sinh).” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh II, tr. 1-2).<\/em><\/p> “Do \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t tham \u00e1i, v\u00f4 minh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t; do h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t n\u00ean th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t; …; l\u00e3o t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t.” (Ibid. tr. 1-2)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Khi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n kh\u1edfi. Khi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean di\u1ec7t hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Ph\u00e1p Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u1ea5y, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 Nh\u01b0 Lai xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, an tr\u00fa l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y, y duy\u00ean t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 Lai ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd \u1ea5y. Sau khi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t, Nh\u01b0 Lai tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft, khai tri\u1ec3n, khai th\u1ecb, ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, minh hi\u1ec3n, minh th\u1ecb.”<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n “Duy\u00ean v\u00f4 minh, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, v.v… Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 t\u00e1nh, b\u1ea5t h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng t\u00e1nh, b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb nh\u01b0 t\u00e1nh, y duy\u00ean t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.” (Ibid. tr. 31).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n V\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n danh t\u1eeb n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u1edf tr\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0 sau: l\u00fd Duy\u00ean sinh n\u00e0y tr\u00fa nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t sanh, gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft, v.v… n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 duy\u00ean sinh (paccaya). Do duy\u00ean n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, do v\u1eady n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p tr\u00fa t\u00e1nh \u1ea5y (Dhammatthitata). C\u00e1c duy\u00ean ra l\u1ec7nh hay an tr\u00fa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, do v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e1nh. C\u00e1c duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a sanh gi\u00e0 v.v… l\u00e0 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 y duy\u00ean t\u00e1nh. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh ph\u00e1p (hay ph\u00e1p do duy\u00ean sinh)?<\/p>\n\n\n\n — “G\u1ecdi l\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh, h\u1eefu vi, bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, tan r\u00e3, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng.” (Ibid, tr. 31).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Trong Kinh Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Thuy\u1ebft (Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 I, tr. 291), nguy\u00ean l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n — Do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. Trong kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 III), khi T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan ca ng\u1ee3i gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi th\u00e2m th\u00fay, th\u00ec Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n: “N\u00e0y Ananda, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2m hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i b\u1ecb r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 k\u00e9n, r\u1ed1i ren nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ecf munja v\u00e0 lau s\u1eady babaja, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ra kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 x\u1ee9, \u00e1c th\u00fa, \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9, sinh t\u1eed.” (tr. 56)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi h\u01a1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111i v\u00e0o \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng chi ph\u1ea7n trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai duy\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra v\u1edbi Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n — L\u00e3o, t\u1eed<\/strong> (Jar\u00e0marana): “C\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ecb gi\u00e0, y\u1ebfu, suy nh\u01b0\u1ee3c, r\u0103ng r\u1ee5ng, t\u00f3c b\u1ea1c, da nh\u0103n, tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c c\u0103n ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 gi\u00e0. C\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ecb t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, ti\u00eau m\u1ea5t, c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n t\u00e0n l\u1ee5n, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf, t\u1eed vong th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.” (Ibid. tr. 3).<\/em><\/p> — Sinh<\/strong> (J\u00e0ti): “C\u00e1i g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sinh b\u1ecb sanh, xu\u1ea5t sinh, gi\u00e1ng sinh, \u0111\u1ea3n sinh, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sinh.” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng II, tr. 3).<\/em><\/p> — H\u1eefu<\/strong> (Bhava): “D\u1ee5c h\u1eefu, s\u1eafc h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc h\u1eefu, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu.” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng II, tr. 3).<\/em><\/p> — Th\u1ee7<\/strong> (Up\u00e0d\u00e0na): “C\u00f3 b\u1ed1n th\u1ee7: d\u1ee5c th\u1ee7, ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee7, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u00e3 lu\u1eadn th\u1ee7.” (Ibid, tr. 3).<\/em><\/p> — \u00c1i<\/strong> (Tanh\u00e0): “S\u1eafc \u00e1i, thanh \u00e1i, h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1i, vi \u00e1i, x\u00fac \u00e1i, ph\u00e1p \u00e1i; hay: d\u1ee5c \u00e1i, s\u1eafc \u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i.” (Ibid, tr. 3).<\/em><\/p> — Th\u1ecd<\/strong> (Venada): “C\u00f3 s\u00e1u th\u1ecd, th\u1ecd do nh\u00e3n x\u00fac sinh, th\u1ecd do…, v\u00e0 th\u1ecd do \u00fd x\u00fac sinh.” (Ibid, tr. 3).<\/em><\/p> — X\u00fac<\/strong> (Phassa): “C\u00f3 s\u00e1u x\u00fac: nh\u00e3n x\u00fac, nh\u0129 x\u00fac, t\u1ef7 x\u00fac, thi\u1ec7t x\u00fac, th\u00e2n x\u00fac v\u00e0 \u00fd x\u00fac.” (Ibid, tr. 3).<\/em><\/p> — S\u00e1u x\u1ee9<\/strong> (chabbith\u00e0na): “G\u1ed3m s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 (nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd c\u0103n) v\u00e0 s\u00e1u ngo\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 (s\u1eafc, thanh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p).” (Ibid, tr. 4).<\/em><\/p> — Danh s\u1eafc<\/strong> (N\u00e0ma-r\u00f9pa): “Danh g\u1ed3m x\u00fac, t\u00e1c \u00fd, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 t\u01b0 (c\u00f3 n\u01a1i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y Danh g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n). S\u1eafc l\u00e0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i sanh.” (Ibid, tr. 4).<\/em><\/p> — Th\u1ee9c<\/strong> (Vinan\u00e0na): “Nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c, nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c, t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c, thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c, th\u00e2n th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c.” (Ibid, tr. 4).<\/em><\/p> — H\u00e0nh<\/strong> (Sankhara): “G\u1ed3m c\u00f3 th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh, kh\u1ea9u h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u00fd h\u00e0nh.”<\/em><\/p> — V\u00f4 minh<\/strong> (Avijja): “Kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng II, tr. 4). C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c r\u1eb1ng, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.”<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Khi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Moliya Phagguna h\u1ecfi, “B\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, ai c\u1ea3m x\u00fac? Ai th\u1ecd? Ai kh\u00e1t \u00e1i? Ai ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7?” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng II, tr. 15-16). Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y: “Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7…, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o x\u00fac, th\u1ecd…, n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0: Do duy\u00ean g\u00ec x\u00fac sinh, th\u1ecd sinh? v.v…” (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng II, tr. 16).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00f5a th\u1ec3 Kassapa (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng II, tr. 22) v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o du s\u0129 Timbakura (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng II, tr. 26) \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ed5 do m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m ra, hay do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ra? Hay do m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m ra? Ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ed5 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sinh?” Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y ngh\u0129a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o: “Kh\u1ed5 do Duy\u00ean sinh<\/em><\/strong> (kh\u1ed5 do x\u00fac sinh).”<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t chi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1u do duy\u00ean m\u00e0 sinh. H\u1ec5 c\u00e1i g\u00ec do duy\u00ean sinh th\u00ec l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n c\u1eaft ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Kaccayana (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng II, tr. 20) r\u1eb1ng, ai kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, v\u00e0 khi kh\u1ed5 sinh th\u00ec xem l\u00e0 sinh, khi kh\u1ed5 di\u1ec7t th\u00ec xem l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng xem c\u00f3 t\u00f4i kh\u1ed5, hay t\u00f4i h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1.<\/strong> T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ec1u do duy\u00ean sinh. S\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean sinh ra n\u00f3; s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean sinh ra n\u00f3. C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt sinh hay th\u1eadt di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c duy\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng h\u00ecnh h\u1eefu ng\u00e3 n\u00e0o xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y c\u1ea3. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn ng\u1ecdn, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 do duy\u00ean sinh n\u00ean v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi n\u00f3i l\u00ean s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, n\u00ean ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2.<\/strong> M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n kia. S\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1ed9t chi ph\u1ea7n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 12 chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. V\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c, v.v… kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi \u00e1i di\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t ho\u1eb7c th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t… th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 3.<\/strong> Khi \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, hay v\u00f4 minh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi, th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 sinh t\u1eed, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi tham \u00e1i, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, hay v\u00f4 minh \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 4.<\/strong> Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t. N\u00f3i kh\u00e1c \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a “M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t.” M\u1ed9t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi Duy\u00ean sinh v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec duy\u00ean sinh, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u01b0\u1eddng hay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, kh\u1ee9 hay lai, v.v… n\u00f3 tho\u00e1t ly m\u1ecdi t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 5.<\/strong> C\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Duy t\u00e2m, Duy v\u1eadt, Duy th\u1ee9c, Duy linh, v.v… kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nhau n\u00e0o c\u1ea3, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean sinh, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, do \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh (metaphysic) b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 h\u00fd lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6.<\/strong> \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghe gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y b\u1ecb v\u01b0\u1edbng m\u1eafc v\u00e0o v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i, th\u1ee7, n\u00ean v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Chi ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp (6 c\u0103n v\u00e0 6 tr\u1ea7n) n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nghe ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e0ng sanh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i Tr\u1eddi c\u0169ng th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 n\u01a1i t\u1ef7 th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 thi\u1ec7t th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1ea7n v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u1ea7n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a tham \u00e1i hay ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, c\u00e1c chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t); v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u00e1i di\u1ec7t, th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t th\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 phi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi, nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n: “Khi T\u00f4i thanh t\u1ecbnh, T\u00f4i th\u1ea5y th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh”. B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u Trung Lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 Long Th\u1ecd c\u0169ng n\u00f3i l\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea5y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n “B\u1ea5t sanh di\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t, \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y cho th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, b\u1ea5t h\u01b0 v\u1ecdng t\u00e1nh, nh\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Hoa Nghi\u00eam qua gi\u00e1o l\u00fd “Ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi”. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 cao th\u1ea5p n\u00e0o gi\u1eefa Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh II) v\u00e0 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a Hoa Nghi\u00eam c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, c\u00f3 x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 V\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9; kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi sau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Do v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, Ta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tr\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 an tr\u00fa, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1edf duy\u00ean, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111au.” (Kinh Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef1 Thuy\u1ebft, Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh I, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a H.T. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u, 1982, tr. 381), v\u00e0:<\/em><\/p> “N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu vi. N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu vi, th\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t ly kh\u1ecfi sinh, kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u1ecfi h\u1eefu vi. V\u00ec r\u1eb1ng, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sanh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu vi, n\u00ean c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ly kh\u1ecfi sinh, kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, kh\u1ecfi b\u1ecb l\u00e0m, kh\u1ecfi h\u1eefu vi.” (Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh I, s\u0111d, tr. 382).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 n\u00f3i l\u00ean r\u1eb1ng v\u00f4 vi c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng thanh t\u1ecbnh, T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Tu-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 (Subhuti) \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e9o nh\u1eadn ra vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf b\u00e0y t\u00e2m Kim Cang c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n qua c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eafp y, tr\u00ec b\u00e1t, v\u00e0o X\u00e1-v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, v.v… (Kinh Kim C\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng l\u1eddi t\u00e1n th\u00e1n Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n: “Thi\u1ec7n h\u1ed9 ni\u1ec7m, thi\u1ec7n ph\u00f3 ch\u00fac ch\u01b0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t.”<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa s\u1ed1 279 vi\u1ebft: “H\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3” (Sabbe dhamm\u00e0 anatt\u00e0). Th\u1ebf c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, hay h\u1eefu vi c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 vi \u1edf m\u1eb7t t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3, hay \u1edf m\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 Kinh Kim Cang b\u1ea3o: “Nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ph\u00e1p giai th\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p”; Hoa Nghi\u00eam n\u00f3i: “Nh\u1ee9t thi\u1ebft ch\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 phi Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p” v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1eafc t\u1ea1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp: “Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o t\u1ee9c B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1”, hay “Sinh t\u1eed t\u1ee9c Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n”, ho\u1eb7c “Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u00e2n gian T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/em><\/strong>. D\u00f9 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn d\u01b0\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t “C\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3, c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3…” hay d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00f3 v\u1eabn chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u1eadm th\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t. Cho r\u1eb1ng Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd thu\u1ed9c Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c th\u1eeba hay Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00e1ng ti\u1ebfc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 7.<\/strong> Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3, c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au l\u00e0 do v\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 t\u00ednh duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p. \u0110o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn kh\u1ed5 \u0111au \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Duy\u00ean sinh, V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 8<\/strong>. B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ebfn Duy\u00ean sinh, nh\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n Kimura Taiken trong cu\u1ed1n “\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn (b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a TT. Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ed9, Tu th\u01b0 V\u1ea1n H\u1ea1nh, 1969) nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n “V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean sinh tuy c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch, song \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i T\u00e2m, n\u1ebfu l\u00eca T\u00e2m th\u00ec ra l\u00fd Duy\u00ean sinh s\u1ebd v\u00f4 c\u0103n c\u1ee9. B\u1edfi th\u1ebf n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o th\u00ec T\u00e2m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean sinh quan. Cho n\u00ean, c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean sinh r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1i T\u00e2m t\u01b0\u1edbng bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ta. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea5y T\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e2m tu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2m, v\u00ec gi\u1eefa hai \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ta mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 d\u1ee5ng \u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u1ec7 tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00f3.” (tr. 28).<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc qua c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a Kimura Taiken l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng qua \u0111o\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u n\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 Duy\u00ean sinh c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn ngay c\u00f3 g\u00ec b\u1ea5t \u1ed5n trong \u0111\u00f3, nghe h\u01a1i thi\u1ebfu v\u1ebb Duy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 xem T\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean sinh, trong khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh T\u00e2m l\u00e0 do Duy\u00ean sinh, l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean sinh. Ngay c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c<\/em><\/strong>, t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Duy\u00ean sinh. T\u00e2m trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (hay \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0 th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n phi th\u1eadt h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n), T\u00e2m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Duy\u00ean sinh, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tu, \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5c T\u00e2m, l\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 tri ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, th\u00ec phi t\u00e2m phi v\u1eadt, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n nh\u01b0, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9.<\/strong> C\u00e1i th\u1eafc m\u1eafc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean Sinh, V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn l\u00e0: kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. L\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3? Ai sinh t\u1eed, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i? Ai tu? Ai ch\u1ee9ng?… nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh th\u1eafc m\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Moliya Phagguna, Kassapa v\u00e0 Timbura (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp), nh\u01b0 \u00e2u lo c\u1ee7a Kimura Taiken (ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c th\u00ec Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng) v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan, trong Th\u1ee7 L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam, \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eedng s\u1ed1t khi nghe Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a th\u1eafc m\u1eafc \u1ea5y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp kh\u00ed tham \u00e1i, ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh do nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp ng\u00e3 tr\u00f4i l\u0103n trong sinh t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a sinh t\u1eed l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh. V\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “ng\u00e3” th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 “ng\u00e3”. Sinh t\u1eed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea7m c\u00f3 c\u00e1i “ng\u00e3” \u1ea5y. Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 “ng\u00e3” trong sinh t\u1eed, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tu l\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i kh\u1ecfi sinh t\u1eed, lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i; c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea7y s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 \u1ea5y. \u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u1ee9ng, hay ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng, ch\u1ea5p c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3<\/strong>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Ai tu? Ai ch\u1ee9ng? v.v… l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7y v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m, tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 10<\/strong>. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng. Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u1edd v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1edbi sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n — V\u00ec carbon (C) v\u00e0 s\u1eaft (Fe) l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gang v\u00e0 th\u00e9p. V\u00ec hydro v\u00e0 oxy, v.v… l\u00e0 v\u00f4 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/p> — V\u00ec h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh n\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u1eeba t\u1ed1i, v\u1eeba s\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 n\u1eafng, c\u00f3 m\u01b0a, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n m\u00f9a v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. N\u1ebfu h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c t\u1ed1i, ho\u1eb7c s\u00e1ng, v.v…<\/p> — N\u1ebfu con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh th\u00ec s\u1ebd ho\u1eb7c d\u1ed1t, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4ng, ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ecfe, ho\u1eb7c b\u1ec7nh, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb d\u1ed1t sang th\u00f4ng, t\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh sang v\u00f4 b\u1ec7nh, t\u1eeb bu\u1ed3n sang vui, t\u1eeb th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng qua hy v\u1ecdng, t\u1eeb gh\u00e9t h\u1eadn th\u00e0nh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng…<\/p> — V\u00ec c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o, ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng.<\/p> — V\u00ec s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a v\u0103n h\u00f3a v\u00e0 v\u0103n minh.<\/p> — V\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean m\u1edbi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea7n t\u00fac th\u00f4ng: c\u00f3 ngh\u00ecn ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u00e2n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u0169i kim m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1edbng nhau.<\/p> — V\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p dung nhi\u1ebfp nhau, m\u1edbi c\u00f3 l\u00fd s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i, v.v…<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3i t\u00f3m, v\u00ec v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 11.<\/strong> Khi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec tham \u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 s\u1ebd tan d\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o s\u1ebd ti\u00eau \u0111i, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i Duy\u00ean sinh tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 “Th\u1ebf gian t\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa”. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 hay b\u1ecb duy\u00ean sinh. Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 duy\u00ean sinh l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh “Kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee7a B\u00e1t nh\u00e3, t\u00e1nh “Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb” c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p Hoa, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1nh “Di\u1ec7u h\u1eefu” c\u1ee7a Hoa Nghi\u00eam, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 12.<\/strong> D\u00f9 Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i n\u00e0o, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (hay gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t to\u00e0n tri\u1ec7t) c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi \u00e1i di\u1ec7t, th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t, th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t hay v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t sau c\u00f9ng, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 A-n\u1eadu-\u0111a-la Tam-mi\u1ec7u-tam-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 (Anuttara Sammasambodhi). C\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do m\u00e0 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c m\u01b0\u1eddi hai chi ph\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft n\u1ea7y ch\u1ecdn m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, khi \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi kh\u00e1c nhau qua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u00edch Ch\u01a1n Thi\u1ec7n Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 03\/03\/2011 09:36:00 HT. Th\u00edch Ch\u01a1n Thi\u1ec7n\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 9530 http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/duyenkhoi\/DuyenKhoivaVonga_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef: Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1.\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1904,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duyen-khoi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1903","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1903"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1903\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1905,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1903\/revisions\/1905"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1904"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1903"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1903"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1903"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1903"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
— Do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t.
— Do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sinh n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia sinh.
— Do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t n\u00ean c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
B\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng di\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t \u0111o\u1ea1n,
B\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t di\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t d\u1ecb,
B\u1ea5t kh\u1ee9 di\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t lai,
N\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft th\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean,
Thi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7t ch\u01b0 h\u00fd lu\u1eadn.”
(Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I, Trung Lu\u1eadn).<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
<\/strong>Tr\u00edch “Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1i Lu\u1eadn”, S\u00e0i G\u00f2n 1993<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"