{"id":1915,"date":"2020-09-12T19:19:28","date_gmt":"2020-09-12T19:19:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=1915"},"modified":"2020-09-12T19:19:28","modified_gmt":"2020-09-12T19:19:28","slug":"so-luoc-ve-ly-duyen-khoi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/12\/so-luoc-ve-ly-duyen-khoi\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 L\u00fd Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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  20\/10\/2009 10:23:00 B\u00ecnh Anson<\/a>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 16088          http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/duyenkhoi\/Soluocvelyduyenkhoi_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef: <\/a><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"image\"\/<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li c\u1ee7a l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi hay Duy\u00ean sinh l\u00e0 “Paticcasamupp\u00e0da”, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1t sinh”, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 “Dependent Origination”. Thuy\u1ebft n\u1ea7y bao g\u1ed3m 12 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1, n\u00ean c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 10 Ph\u00e1p, kinh s\u1ed1 92, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng cho \u00f4ng C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, n\u00e0y Gia ch\u1ee7 C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c, v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>

Do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3, c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3.
Do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y sinh, c\u00e1i kia sinh.
Do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.
Do c\u00e1i n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t, c\u00e1i kia di\u1ec7t.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. R\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng r\u1ed9ng ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“T\u1ee9c l\u00e0 do duy\u00ean v\u00f4 minh, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh.
Do duy\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c.
Do duy\u00ean th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 danh s\u1eafc.
Do duy\u00ean danh s\u1eafc, c\u00f3 s\u00e1u nh\u1eadp.
Do duy\u00ean s\u00e1u nh\u1eadp, c\u00f3 x\u00fac.
Do duy\u00ean x\u00fac, c\u00f3 th\u1ecd.
Do duy\u00ean th\u1ecd, c\u00f3 \u00e1i.
Do duy\u00ean \u00e1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ee7.
Do duy\u00ean th\u1ee7, c\u00f3 h\u1eefu.
Do duy\u00ean h\u1eefu, c\u00f3 sinh.
Do duy\u00ean sinh, c\u00f3 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o.<\/p>

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Ti\u1ebfp theo, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Do v\u00f4 minh di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u01b0 t\u00e0n, n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t.
Do c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t.
Do th\u1ee9c di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t.
Do danh s\u1eafc di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean s\u00e1u nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t.
Do s\u00e1u nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean x\u00fac di\u1ec7t.
Do x\u00fac di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t.
Do th\u1ecd di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean \u00e1i di\u1ec7t.
Do \u00e1i di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t.
Do th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t.
Do h\u1eefu di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean sinh di\u1ec7t.
Do sinh di\u1ec7t, n\u00ean gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o di\u1ec7t.<\/p>

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kh\u1ed5 u\u1ea9n n\u00e0y di\u1ec7t. \u00d0\u00e2y l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, khi thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y cho ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 b\u1ecb m\u00ea si m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh; do s\u1ef1 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u00e1i di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 di\u1ec7t, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh n\u00e0o s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp theo; v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f3m t\u1eaft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa 12 th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“V\u00f4 minh duy\u00ean h\u00e0nh”: Do v\u00f4 minh (avijj\u00e0), c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh (sankhara) c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 sinh ra. H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u00e2m s\u1edf (cetan\u00e0) hay \u00fd ch\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p. V\u00f4 minh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u00d0\u1ebf, v\u00f4 minh v\u1ec1 l\u00fd nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, v\u00f4 minh v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do v\u00f4 minh, \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec \u0111a ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tham v\u00e0 s\u00e2n. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a v\u00f4 minh ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi lo\u1ea1i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Th\u1eadt ra, v\u00ec ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 sai, ho\u1eb7c ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 hi\u1ec3u chung chung r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf kia l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n. V\u00ec m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng b\u1edfi v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, d\u00f9 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, V\u00f4 Minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh, thu\u1ed9c th\u1eddi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u1ec7n trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, v.v. l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p (kusala-kamma), \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang ta sinh ra l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“H\u00e0nh duy\u00ean th\u1ee9c”: T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p, thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, chi ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba kh\u1edfi sinh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c (vinn\u00e0na), t\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sinh trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c. Th\u1ee9c sinh kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a V\u00f4 Minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m t\u1ee5c sinh sau khi ch\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 Ki\u1ebft Sinh Th\u1ee9c – Th\u1ee9c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n – ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Th\u1ee9c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1edbi qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Th\u1ee9c t\u00e1i sinh ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sinh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ta d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef “t\u00e1i sinh”, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ch\u1eef “\u0111\u1ea7u thai” v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n \u0111i t\u00e1i sinh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n b\u1ea5t t\u1eed trong quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1ee9c duy\u00ean danh s\u1eafc”: T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e2m s\u1edf (cetasika) ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c chung v\u1edbi n\u00f3, v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u1ed9c, n\u00f3 c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i th\u00e2n v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Do v\u1eady, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i Ki\u1ebft sinh th\u1ee9c – th\u1ee9c n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Danh (n\u00e0ma) v\u00e0 S\u1eafc (r\u00f9pa). Danh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n S\u1eafc l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Danh s\u1eafc duy\u00ean l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp”: Do c\u00f3 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, hay danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc, ta c\u00f3 6 C\u0103n hay 6 Nh\u1eadp (\u00e0yatana). Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u0103m c\u0103n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i: nh\u00e3n, nh\u0129, t\u1ef7, thi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 th\u00e2n. C\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ng\u0169 m\u00f4n” hay n\u0103m c\u1eeda. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n qua nh\u00e3n m\u00f4n, ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfp nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y, v\u00e0 qua nh\u00e3n m\u00f4n, ch\u00fang ta bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3; v\u00ec th\u1ebf, con m\u1eaft c\u00f3 hai ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng: thu nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf. Ch\u1eef “c\u0103n” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t “c\u0103n c\u1ee9”, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. C\u0103n th\u1ee9 6 l\u00e0 \u00fd c\u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean trong, hay n\u1ed9i m\u00f4n. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n hay m\u00f4n, m\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfn sinh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta – trong P\u00e0li g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bhavanga hay “h\u1eefu ph\u1ea7n”. Ch\u00ednh d\u00f2ng ti\u1ebfn sinh n\u00e0y d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111i h\u1ebft ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp duy\u00ean x\u00fac”: T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o 6 c\u0103n, ta c\u00f3 X\u00fac (phassa). X\u00fac l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 va ch\u1ea1m hay ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1c quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00e1y c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, hay gi\u1eefa c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh (tr\u1ea7n). T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c n\u01a1i n\u0103m c\u1eeda gi\u00e1c quan (ng\u0169 m\u00f4n) v\u00e0 \u00fd c\u0103n (\u00fd m\u00f4n), ta c\u00f3 X\u00fac. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con m\u1eaft (t\u1ee9c nh\u00e3n c\u0103n) n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac gi\u1eefa c\u0103n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh kh\u1edfi sinh, h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a con m\u1eaft. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi \u00e2m thanh v\u00e0 nh\u0129 c\u0103n, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“X\u00fac duy\u00ean th\u1ecd”: V\u00ec c\u00f3 x\u00fac n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Th\u1ecd (vedan\u00e0) ph\u00e1t sinh. Khi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qua c\u0103n, ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e0 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nghe m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu; n\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac l\u00e0 th\u00f4 nh\u00e1m, ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu; ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f4i khi, ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd trung t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea1c, v.v.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1ecd duy\u00ean \u00e1i”: V\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ecd m\u00e0 \u00c1i (tanh\u00e0) kh\u1edfi sinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd th\u00ec tham \u00e1i kh\u00f4ng sinh kh\u1edfi. Khi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu – qua th\u1ea5y, nghe, ng\u1eefi, n\u1ebfm, v.v., tham \u00e1i, th\u00edch th\u00fa sinh kh\u1edfi. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu th\u00ec sao? Trong b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u00d0\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: “M\u1ed9t b\u1ec7nh nh\u00e2n \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n \u0111au kinh kh\u1ee7ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, tham v\u1eabn kh\u1edfi l\u00ean, b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1n \u0111au \u0111\u00f3, mu\u1ed1n tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tham kh\u1edfi l\u00ean b\u1eb1ng hai c\u00e1ch: theo c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 theo c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u00c1i duy\u00ean th\u1ee7”: M\u1ed9t khi \u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 sinh th\u00ec Ch\u1ea5p Th\u1ee7 (up\u00e0d\u00e0na) li\u1ec1n theo sau. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa \u00c1i v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: \u00c1i l\u00e0 tham mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, trong khi Th\u1ee7 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 \u0103n r\u1ec5 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, bu\u1ed9c ch\u1eb7t ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Tham t\u1ef1 n\u00f3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh m\u1eafc, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n hay mong mu\u1ed1n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1c ni\u1ec7m, tham \u00e1i li\u1ec1n d\u1eabn theo l\u00f2ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Th\u1ee7 duy\u00ean h\u1eefu”: V\u00ec c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, n\u00ean t\u1ea1o duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. H\u1eefu (bhava) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ta \u0111ang kh\u1edfi s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, thu th\u1eadp nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c m\u1edbi cho \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. H\u1eefu c\u00f3 hai m\u1eb7t: nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu (kamma-bhava) l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00edch l\u0169y c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 sinh h\u1eefu (upapatti-bhava) l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, do duy\u00ean \u00c1i v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p h\u1eefu), v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c t\u00e1i sinh trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (l\u00e0 sinh h\u1eefu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“H\u1eefu duy\u00ean sinh”: Do b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng hay nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sinh s\u1eafp t\u1edbi, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh hay Sinh (j\u00e0ti), mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“Sinh duy\u00ean gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft”: Do t\u00e1i sinh trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00ean \u1eaft s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e0 Ch\u1ebft (jar\u00e0-marana). Jar\u00e0 l\u00e0 tu\u1ed5i gi\u00e0, gi\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i, Marana l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 sinh ra n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng, v.v. v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd hi\u1ec7n kh\u1edfi nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea3y 12 chi ph\u1ea7n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh 3 th\u1eddi: qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai. Hai chi V\u00f4 Minh v\u00e0 H\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; n\u0103m chi: Th\u1ee9c, Danh S\u1eafc, L\u1ee5c Nh\u1eadp, X\u00fac, Th\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u00c1i, Th\u1ee7, H\u1eefu c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Sinh v\u00e0 Gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gieo trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. T\u1eeb Sinh \u0111\u1ebfn Gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf th\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai; tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 n\u0103m chi ph\u1ea7n trong nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3 d\u1ecb th\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i – t\u1eeb Th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ebfn Th\u1ecd. S\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a n\u0103m chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng hay \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh n\u0103m chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i t\u00e1i sinh, c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u00e3i m\u00e3i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, do nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch “C\u00e2y Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9” (The Tree of Enlightenment), Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Peter Santina ph\u00e2n chia 12 chi ph\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh 3 nh\u00f3m: 1) nh\u00f3m tai \u00e1ch (\u00f4 tr\u01b0\u1ee3c): v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u1ee7; 2) nh\u00f3m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng (nghi\u1ec7p): h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu; v\u00e0 3) nh\u00f3m kh\u1ed5 \u0111au: th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, sinh, v\u00e0 gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Do v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta tham \u0111\u1eafm v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c gi\u00e1c quan, v\u00e0o h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng sai l\u1ea7m, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ta \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n. Do v\u1eady, v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p (h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng), g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 h\u1eefu. H\u00e0nh bao h\u00e0m nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n, hay th\u00f3i quen h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh trong d\u00f2ng t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, hay s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a th\u1ee9c. Nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eadp \u0111i l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ta trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1eefu. Nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen v\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sinh v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, r\u1ed3i gi\u00e0 ch\u1ebft, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, v.v. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ed9t b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m – l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh, \u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u1ee7. M\u1ed9t khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n th\u00f3i quen c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng sanh kh\u1edfi. Khi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u01b0ng th\u00ec t\u00e1i sinh v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u0169ng ng\u01b0ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9, kinh s\u1ed1 15, \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y ng\u00e0i Ananda r\u1eb1ng: “N\u1ea7y Ananda, gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi r\u1ea5t th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 th\u00e2m s\u00e2u. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gian gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9n ch\u1ec9 r\u1ed1i ren, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 chim, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee5i r\u1eadm lau l\u00e1ch, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9, c\u00f5i d\u1eef, ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 \u0111au trong v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed.” Trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh kh\u00e1c, thu\u1ed9c Trung B\u1ed9 28, Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng: “Ai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u Ph\u00e1p; v\u00e0 ai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi”.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cho n\u00ean, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o l\u00fd tinh y\u1ebfu, th\u00e2m s\u00e2u, quan tr\u1ecdng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n c\u01b0 s\u0129 c\u00f2n \u0111ang tu h\u1ecdc, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u00f3m t\u1eaft s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c theo ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i th\u00f4 thi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00ecnh Anson,
Perth, T\u00e2y \u00dac, th\u00e1ng 10-2004<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  20\/10\/2009 10:23:00 B\u00ecnh Anson\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 16088          http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/duyenkhoi\/Soluocvelyduyenkhoi_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef:  Ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li c\u1ee7a l\u00fd Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi hay Duy\u00ean sinh l\u00e0 “Paticcasamupp\u00e0da”, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “T\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c Ph\u00e1t sinh”, ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1916,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1915","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-duyen-khoi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1915","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1915"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1915\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1917,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1915\/revisions\/1917"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1916"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1915"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1915"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1915"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1915"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}