![\"image\"\/](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/khovothuongvonga\/Suthatvevothuong_files\/vo_thuong_lotus_216682044.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nS\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u0129nh m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9ng; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi. H\u00e3y tinh t\u1ea5n\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00e0 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch than r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cC\u00e1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, C\u00f3 sanh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t. \u00d0\u00e3 sanh, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t, Nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00fang l\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c\u201d <\/em>(Kinh \u00d0\u1ea1i b\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 16).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ebfn t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e1m tang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u1edf nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, ch\u00ednh b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb s\u01b0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec tang l\u1ec5, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 du c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Trong nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed c\u00fang hoa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e8n d\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang c\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t\u201c\u0111\u1ea5ng ch\u00ed t\u00f4n\u201d n\u00e0o. Hoa s\u1ebd t\u00e0n v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ebd l\u1ee5i, nh\u1eafc cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt v\u1ed1n do duy\u00ean sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1eeb V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng <\/em>\u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho hai \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 <\/em>v\u00e0 V\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd t\u0129nh m\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9ng; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p cho ch\u00fang ta m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta mu\u1ed1n. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfc ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 \u0111ang m\u1edf ra h\u1ebft c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec, h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh, h\u1eefu c\u01a1 hay v\u00f4 c\u01a1, r\u1eb1ng \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i\u201d, v\u00ec ngay khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang tan bi\u1ebfn; n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u00f4ng hoa, giai \u0111i\u1ec7u l\u1ea3nh l\u00f3t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng con chim, ti\u1ebfng v\u00f9 v\u00f9 c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ong, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u t\u00e0.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cGi\u1ea3 s\u1eed b\u1ea1n \u0111ang ng\u1eafm c\u1ea3nh ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111ang r\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng s\u1eabm; nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00f2ng n\u1eeda gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 n\u1eefa th\u00f4i, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby \u1ea5y s\u1ebd nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n r\u1ed3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u00e1m x\u1ecbt. B\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o l\u00fac ch\u00fang \u0111ang tan bi\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft m\u00ecnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00f4i m\u1eaft c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh c\u00e1i k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u00e0 l\u00fd tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba r\u00fat ra. V\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 trong m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean hay nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0. Trong m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n tri\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e2y, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 huy ho\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 m\u00e0u kia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecbu h\u1eb1ng h\u00e0 sa s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng chu\u1ed7i bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i. M\u1ed9t s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng; nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2026 l\u00fd tr\u00ed t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tho\u1ea3ng qua \u0111\u00f3, ho\u1eb7c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady; v\u00ec ngay trong c\u00e1i v\u1ebb t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i; n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i nh\u1eefng m\u00e0u s\u1eafc tho\u1ea3ng qua m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0u s\u1eafc n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1i chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00ec m\u1ed7i m\u00e0u s\u1eafc trong chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb l\u1eabn nhau\u201d <\/em>Ferrier\u2019s Lectures and Remains Quy\u1ec3n I, tr. 119, d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i trong <\/em>Sarva-dorsana-Sangraha, London, tr. 15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh \u2013 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u01b0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c \u2013 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft trong m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng (anicca). <\/em>V\u00ec v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ee5y trang, ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gian cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ef1c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y \u2013 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang, m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m tr\u00ed \u2013 m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt do duy\u00ean sinh, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt quan t\u00e2m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh; v\u00ec v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u1eabu t\u00e1ch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh tay th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c m\u00f4 r\u1ed3i t\u00e1ch c\u00e1c m\u00f4 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, b\u1eadc Th\u1ebf gian gi\u1ea3i, \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh, sankh\u0101ra pu\u00f1ja, <\/em>m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, th\u00e0nh ra n\u0103m kh\u1ed1i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i <\/em>m\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n<\/em>, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o to\u00e0n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, trong d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 s\u1eafc <\/em>(h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t hay th\u00e2n th\u1ec3), th\u1ecd <\/em>(hay c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c), t\u01b0\u1edfng <\/em>(hay s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft), h\u00e0nh <\/em>(c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y, nh\u01b0 \u00fd ch\u00ed), v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c <\/em>(hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ee9c Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cN\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n); b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3. C\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4i, c\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt qu\u00e1n v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (sammappa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101ya). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d <\/em>Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 (SN 22.45).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Long Th\u1ecd (N\u0101garjuna), <\/em>nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u00fd tr\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, n\u00f3i, \u201cKhi kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e3 (\u0101tman) kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n, th\u00ec kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 \u2018c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u2019 c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00e1i c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d <\/em>(Trung Qu\u00e1n Lu\u1eadn T\u1ee5ng. \u2013 Maadhyamika<\/em>–Kaarik<\/em>aa<\/em>, xviii.2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u0103m \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7y \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec3 minh h\u1ecda cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f9 du c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n. Ng\u00e0i so s\u00e1nh s\u1eafc <\/em>v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt, th\u1ecd <\/em>v\u1edbi bong b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u01b0\u1edfng <\/em>v\u1edbi r\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, h\u00e0nh <\/em>v\u1edbi th\u00e2n c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i <\/em>(kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ru\u1ed9t c\u00e2y, l\u00f5i g\u1ed7), v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c <\/em>v\u1edbi tr\u00f2 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt; <\/em>v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi, N\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3-kheo, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ed1ng b\u1ecdt, trong nh\u1eefng bong b\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong r\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, trong m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n c\u00e2y chu\u1ed1i, trong m\u1ed9t tr\u00f2 \u1ea3o thu\u1eadt?\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfp:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cC\u0169ng v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, ph\u00e0m c\u00f3 s\u1eafc g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, v\u1ecb lai, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed9i hay ngo\u1ea1i, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4 hay t\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c li\u1ec7t hay th\u1eafng, ho\u1eb7c xa hay g\u1ea7n; v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo th\u1ea5y s\u1eafc, chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa, nh\u01b0 l\u00fd qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1eafc. Do v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo nh\u00ecn chuy\u00ean ch\u00fa, nh\u01b0 l\u00fd qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1eafc, s\u1eafc \u1ea5y hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ra l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ra l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng, hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 ra l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f5i c\u1ee9ng. L\u00e0m sao, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u00f5i c\u1ee9ng trong s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 c\u00e1ch \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng u\u1ea9n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cL\u00e0m sao, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 l\u00f5i c\u1ee9ng trong th\u1ecd, trong t\u01b0\u1edfng, trong h\u00e0nh, trong th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/em>?\u201d \u2014 Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9, HT. Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01a1n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c hay minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7 (vipassaana) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. Th\u00f4ng qua tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 minh s\u00e1t n\u00e0y m\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a Tam Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n (tilakkhana): <\/em>v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n m\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, m\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh n\u0103m u\u1ea9n c\u0169ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y r\u00f5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 duy\u00ean cho ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n sanh <\/em>kh\u1edfi; c\u00e1i \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m cho sanh kh\u1edfi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 duy\u00ean cho ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n sanh kh\u1edfi; c\u00e1i \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u1ed5. Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0m cho sanh kh\u1edfi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7- kheo, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vui th\u00edch hay th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n S\u1eafc, th\u1ecd, t\u01b0\u1edfng, h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 duy\u00ean cho ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n sanh kh\u1edfi; c\u00e1i \u1ea5y c\u0169ng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho sanh kh\u1edfi, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Th\u1ea5y v\u1eady, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7-kheo, v\u1ecb \u0110a v\u0103n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed y\u1ebfm ly \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1eafc, y\u1ebfm ly \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ecd, y\u1ebfm ly \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng, y\u1ebfm ly \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh, y\u1ebfm ly \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ee9c. Do y\u1ebfm ly, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ly tham. Do ly tham, v\u1ecb \u1ea5y gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Trong s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, tr\u00ed kh\u1edfi l\u00ean: \u201cTa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d. V\u1ecb \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft: \u201cSanh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn, Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n tr\u1edf lui tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y n\u1eefa\u201d <\/em>Kinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng 22.7-9, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Khi sai l\u1ea7m trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00ec lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ki\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a ta b\u1ecb che m\u1edd; v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec ti\u00ean ki\u1ebfn, v\u00ec tham s\u00e2n, v\u00ec y\u00eau gh\u00e9t, ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c theo \u0111\u00fang b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta \u0111u\u1ed5i theo \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ed1i g\u1ea1t. C\u01a1 quan c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea1c h\u01b0\u1edbng ta cho n\u00ean ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ea1n s\u1ef1 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt trong c\u00e1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng th\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u00e1i c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ba lo\u1ea1i v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u1eabn b\u00e1m ch\u1eb7t t\u00e2m tr\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, t\u00e2m \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o. Khi b\u1ecb v\u00e2y b\u1ee7a b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, suy ngh\u0129, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft sai l\u1ea7m. Anh ta t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00e1i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00e1i kh\u1ed5 l\u00e0 vui, c\u00e1i v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u xa l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p. Anh ta c\u0169ng suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng theo b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch1 (\u0111o\u1ea1n T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o trong Kinh T\u0103ng Chi <\/em>4.49), d\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00e0m m\u1edd c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a anh ta, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y l\u00fang t\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 duy kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed (hay Minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7) m\u1edbi di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0 gi\u00fap con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c t\u00e1nh n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng. Ch\u1ec9 khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng \u1ea5y th\u00ec anh ta m\u1edbi t\u1ecfa s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u01b0 \u00e1nh tr\u0103ng r\u1eb1m hi\u1ec7n ra l\u1ea5p l\u00e1nh sau \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c u\u1ea9n t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u00e2m v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, m\u00e3i m\u00e3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 duy\u00ean nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf tr\u00ean, tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh kh\u1edfi, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c nh\u1eefng l\u01b0\u1ee3n s\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng c\u1ee7a bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 hay nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng trong c\u01a1n l\u0169 tr\u00e0n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ed3i r\u00fat m\u1ea5t. Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ed v\u1edbi con su\u1ed1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb n\u00fai ch\u1ea3y d\u1ed3n xu\u1ed1ng, thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Heraclitus, tri\u1ebft gia n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u201cm\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y\u201d (Panta Rhei) t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Athens, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta v\u1eabn h\u1ed3 nghi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn cho \u00f4ng hay ch\u0103ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Heraclitus n\u00f3i, \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. M\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00d4ng ti\u1ebfp, \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng; v\u00ec d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi lu\u00f4n tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n m\u00ecnh\u201d. <\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n \u0111i xa h\u01a1n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u201cC\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc hai l\u1ea7n v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng; v\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nhau trong hai kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Nay th\u00ec ta n\u00ean nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft r\u00f5, c\u00e1i th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3, m\u00e0 v\u00ec nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n khi\u1ebfn ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng, \u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0, hay m\u1ed9t c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Nay, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh kia ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i t\u00e2m l\u00fd v\u00e0 s\u1eafc th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang \u0111ang th\u1ef1c l\u00e0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n gi\u1eef t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u201cni\u1ec1m tin nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch\u201d, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t linh h\u1ed3n hay m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3; v\u00ec qua Ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i mang t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ec1u do duy\u00ean sinh, r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u201cT\u00f4i\u201d, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u00e2m linh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u00e3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean l\u00fd ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 g\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 trong ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u ng\u00e3 hay \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u1edd thi\u1ec1n Minh s\u00e1t tu\u1ec7, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0.Vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c l\u00e0, nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e0n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p duy\u00ean sanh. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,\u201cth\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201dn\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i hay th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft do kinh nghi\u1ec7m, nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u00fd th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m ch\u1ea5p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u v\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph \u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m n\u00e0y khi Ng\u00e0i b\u1ea3o Mogharaaja, \u201cN\u00e0y Mogharaaja, h\u00e3y lu\u00f4n t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c, h\u00e3y qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 tr\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng; t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 th\u00ec m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft. Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d <\/em>(Sutta Nip\u0101ta).<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ed9i dung t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi v\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu do duy\u00ean sanh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1eafc th\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i x\u1ea3y ra trong s\u1ef1 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 t\u0129nh t\u1ea1i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sinh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tan r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 hay to\u00e0n th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c, quen suy ngh\u0129 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t to\u00e0n th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi, gi\u0169 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u201ct\u00ednh to\u00e0n th\u1ec3\u201d \u0111\u00f3. Bao l\u00e2u m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do khi\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5c x\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p t\u1ea5p \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, \u201cN\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 ng\u00e3 hay linh h\u1ed3n, v\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi \u1edf ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp sau?\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ch\u00e1y b\u1ecfng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai b\u1ea3n kinh kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t \u1edf Trung B\u1ed9 <\/em>109 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1edf T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng B\u1ed9 <\/em>22.82. Ngay khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ki\u00eau ng\u1ea1o ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cc\u1ee7a t\u00f4i\u201d l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi l\u00ean trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t T\u1ef3-kheo \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t gi\u1eefa h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang, r\u1eb1ng, \u201cS\u1eafc th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u00e3. V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 n\u00e0o \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi v\u00f4 ng\u00e3?\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo \u1ea5y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, \u201cC\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng n\u00eau \u0111\u00fang v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1\u201d, <\/em>v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 \u1ea5y hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u0103m u\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cTh\u1eadt l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng th\u1eadt l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi v\u1edbi k\u1ebb tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi l\u00e0 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau\u201d, <\/em>v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c ra ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m \u2013 v\u1eadt l\u00fd hay n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, sanh di\u1ec7t li\u00ean t\u1ee5c; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh k\u1ebb th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh vi \u0111ang tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, v\u00ec ch\u00ednh anh ta \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u1eebng kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh; nh\u01b0ng c\u00f9ng l\u00fac, ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p qu\u00ean \u0111i s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd. Di\u1ec5n tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 m\u1ea5t \u0111i; n\u00f3 n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch. \u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean, c\u1eadu thanh ni\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh, h\u1ecd v\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh th\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00f3 ba b\u1eadc gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd, b\u1eadc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e3 hay c\u00e1i t\u00f4i l\u00e0 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai (ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfp sau); b\u1eadc th\u1ee9 hai d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1eadt c\u00f3 trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong ki\u1ebfp sau; b\u1eadc th\u1ee9 ba d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec5n \u1ea3o: ng\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 trong ki\u1ebfp n\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u1edf ki\u1ebfp sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1eadc th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng (sassatav\u0101di<\/em>); b\u1eadc th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n (ucchedav\u0101di<\/em>); v\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u1ee9 ba ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o xa l\u00e1nh hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n. (\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi hay thuy\u1ebft nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u2013 Paticca S<\/em>amupp\u0101da<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ecdi t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1eefu th\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng sau khi ch\u1ebft, theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y hay c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e3 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t \u0111i. Ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a duy v\u1eadt th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i khi ch\u1ebft. Nh\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u00e3 ho\u1eb7c b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu, m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong hai s\u00e1t-na li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp; ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bao l\u00e2u c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u00fd ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 hay c\u00e1i t\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng; r\u1eb1ng trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sinh di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt. Hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u00e3i b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2u l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y qua l\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c b\u00e1o cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111au kh\u1ed5, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u00ean r\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong v\u00f2ng quay c\u1ee7a b\u00e1nh xe lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5n k\u1eb9p trong nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc c\u0103m \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn. H\u1ecd \u1ea5p \u1ee7 ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay trong s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m an to\u00e0n trong c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng quay v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1ea5y tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn v\u00e0 mang l\u1ea1i cho n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c tranh \u0111\u1ea5u kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111eo b\u00e1m \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u1ea3y n\u1edf, r\u1ed3i t\u00e0n phai nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee3t s\u00f3ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng; nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1i m\u1edbi; v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9n gi\u1ea5y th\u1eddi gian ghi nh\u1eadn ho\u1ea1t c\u1ea3nh l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u00f4i qua, t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, v\u00e0 d\u00f2ng ch\u1ea3y nh\u1ea1t nh\u00f2a, l\u00e0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n 1. B\u1ed1n t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o g\u1ed3m: V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u1ed5 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, kh\u00f4ng thanh t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh (trang 412 T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9<\/em>) \u0084<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ngu\u1ed3n: T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed V\u0103n Ho\u00e1 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o 142<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng 16\/01\/2013 14:22:00 Piyadassi Thera – Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Ch\u00e1nh d\u1ecbch\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 11853 C\u1ee1 ch\u1eef: S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u1ec1 V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bao\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1942,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[67],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-1941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-vo-thuong-kho-vo-nga"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1941"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1943,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1941\/revisions\/1943"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1941"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=1941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}