{"id":2083,"date":"2020-09-14T09:11:05","date_gmt":"2020-09-14T09:11:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=2083"},"modified":"2020-09-14T09:11:05","modified_gmt":"2020-09-14T09:11:05","slug":"quan-niem-cua-phat-giao-ve-so-menh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/14\/quan-niem-cua-phat-giao-ve-so-menh\/","title":{"rendered":"Quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h1 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><\/h1>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;&nbsp;19\/11\/2009 16:17:00&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.daophatngaynay.com\/vn\/author\/minhchi\/\">Minh Chi<\/a>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 34927&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/nhanqualuanhoi\/QuanniemcuaPhatgiaovesomenh_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef:&nbsp;<a href=\"javascript:tsz('article_body','12px')\"><\/a><a href=\"javascript:tsz('article_body','18px')\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/nhanqualuanhoi\/QuanniemcuaPhatgiaovesomenh_files\/Candle__1__702680956.jpg\" alt=\"image\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ed9i dungI. C\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft t\u00fac m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn, thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadnII. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn hay s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nhIII. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u00f9ng thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p thay cho thuy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nhIV. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hi\u1ec7n nay quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Hy v\u1ecdng, trong ph\u1ea1m vi m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ee9c x\u00fac ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang hi\u1ec7n nay. V\u00e2ng, trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng Ph\u00e1p r\u1ed3i ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00f3 th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh. &#8220;Nhanh c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft, ch\u1eadm c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft, may th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng&#8221; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 \u00e0o \u1ea1t d\u1ed9i bom v\u00e0o mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, khi gi\u1eefa c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 c\u00e1i s\u1ed1ng, kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edch t\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i gang s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong m\u1ed9t b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ea5t tr\u1eafc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4i l\u1eeda b\u1ecfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1, b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea3o ph\u1ea3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ngh\u1ec1 xem b\u00f3i, xem t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t. Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, ph\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129, k\u1ef9 s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i xem b\u00f3i, xem t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00e3y \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: C\u00f3 c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd g\u00ec cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 sinh v\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng tai ho\u1ea1 l\u1edbn gi\u00e1ng v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hay c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230; con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean, m\u00e0 tin l\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u0169 l\u00e0 anh V\u0169 Th\u01a1, nguy\u00ean B\u00ed th\u01b0 t\u1ec9nh u\u1ef7 t\u1ec9nh Ninh B\u00ecnh. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, anh t\u00e2m s\u1ef1: T\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean C\u1ed9ng s\u1ea3n, l\u00e0 M\u00e1c-x\u00edt, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 chuy\u1ec7n x\u1ea3y ra ngay trong t\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch, khi\u1ebfn t\u00f4i nghi r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e0ng sau nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3. Chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;C\u00e1i x\u00e3 g\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9 s\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t, n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i v\u1edbi t\u1ec9nh l\u1ef5 Ninh B\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i x\u01b0a nay v\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng, kh\u00f4ng hay \u0111i l\u00e0m. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u00f4m \u1ea5y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a l\u1edbt ph\u1edbt, c\u00f4 ta l\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u00e0m c\u1ecf s\u1edbm h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 con ch\u1ea1y nhanh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u sao tr\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u00e1nh, b\u0103ng ngang qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111ang l\u00e0m c\u1ecf, nh\u1eadn c\u00f4 ta xu\u1ed1ng b\u00f9n ch\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn xem n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra tai n\u1ea1n. T\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i l\u00e0m c\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea7n ch\u1ee5c m\u00e9t, chi\u1ebfc \u00f4 t\u00f4 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea1y nhanh l\u1eafm m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u0103ng qua g\u1ea7n 10 m\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i x\u1ea3y ra chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1ec9, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y v\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u00e0m, t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u00fang h\u00f4m nay l\u1ea1i \u0111i l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay trong khi tr\u1eddi \u0111ang m\u01b0a l\u1edbt ph\u1edbt&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n bao nhi\u00eau chuy\u1ec7n n\u1eefa, c\u0169ng v\u00f4 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 chuy\u1ec7n c\u00f4 g\u00e1i l\u00e0m c\u1ecf, x\u1ea3y ra trong v\u00e0 sau cu\u1ed9c kh\u00e1ng chi\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1ng M\u1ef9, l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 l\u00e0 duy v\u1eadt M\u00e1t- x\u00edt c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i tin v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn hay s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u01a1 quan thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a H\u1ea3i Ph\u00f2ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m trong th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn d\u1ecbch m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 d\u1ed9i bom mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc. M\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom xuy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 r\u01a1i tr\u00fang c\u01a1 quan thu\u1ef7 s\u1ea3n, v\u00ec l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 bom xuy\u00ean, n\u00ean n\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eadn h\u1ea7m m\u1edbi n\u1ed5, khi\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nhanh ch\u00e2n ch\u1ea1y xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ebft. Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n ch\u1eadm ch\u00e2n \u1edf t\u1ea7ng ba, t\u1ea7ng hai th\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng can g\u00ec, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ai c\u0169ng d\u1ec1u h\u00fa v\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t anh b\u1ea1n t\u00ean S\u1ef1, nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 v\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng, khi b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a t\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9; anh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ea7m b\u00ea t\u00f4ng \u1edf g\u1ea7n nh\u00e0, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 an to\u00e0n 100% \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u00e1y bay. Kh\u00f4ng may cho anh b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i l\u00e0 h\u00f4m \u1ea5y anh c\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng h\u1ea7m khi m\u00e1y bay \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i ng\u1ed3i \u1edf c\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0o s\u00e2u b\u00ean trong h\u1ea7m nh\u01b0 v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con c\u1ee7a anh. M\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 th\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea3 bom t\u1ea1 v\u00e0o nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n Y\u00ean Ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tr\u00fang, bom n\u1ed5 g\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eef d\u1ed9i, anh S\u1ef1 ng\u1ed3i \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh b\u00ea t\u00f4ng, b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 s\u1ecd ch\u1ebft ngay t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc. Anh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft \u1edf n\u01a1i an to\u00e0n nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m sao hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u00e1y bay M\u1ef9 n\u00e9m bom d\u1eef d\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh c\u00e2u n\u00f3i \u1edf c\u1eeda mi\u1ec7ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi: &#8220;Nhanh c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft, ch\u1eadm c\u0169ng ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 may th\u00ec s\u1ed1ng&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1i may \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh hay s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn? C\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 kim nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a>I.C\u00c1C THUY\u1ebeT T\u00daC M\u1ec6NH LU\u1eacN, \u0110\u1ecaNH M\u1ec6NH LU\u1eacN, THI\u00caN M\u1ec6NH LU\u1eacN&nbsp;<\/a>[ tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i chung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi thuy\u1ebft d\u1eabn t\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 y\u00ean ph\u1eadn v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u thi\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n, d\u00f9 ch\u00fang mang b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 nh\u00e3n hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00fac m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft cho r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y an b\u00e0i, s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t c\u1ea3, m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng hay n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con vua r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vua<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Con s\u00e3i \u1edf ch\u00f9a l\u1ea1i qu\u00e9t l\u00e1 \u0111a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c x\u01b0a hay n\u00f3i c\u00e2u: &#8220;Nh\u1ea5t \u1ea9m nh\u1ea5t tr\u00e1c m\u1ea1c phi ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh&#8221;, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0103n m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng, u\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t ch\u00e9n, kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng do qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo t\u00fac m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn c\u1ef1c \u0111oan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00fac m\u1ea1ng lu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7u t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh. \u00dd n\u00f3i, s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111inh, m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 \u00edch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o c\u0169ng sai. N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd t\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed trong Lu\u1eadn Ng\u1eef: &#8220;Ng\u00f4\u2026 ng\u0169 th\u1eadp nhi tri thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh&#8221;- (Ta\u2026n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i th\u00ec bi\u1ebft m\u1ec7nh Tr\u1eddi). N\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u m\u1ec7nh Tr\u1eddi l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng Tr\u1eddi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh cho m\u00ecnh th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn, hay \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn, v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o s\u1ebd b\u00e1c b\u1ecf thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng T\u1ed1ng Nho Chu Hy l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 &#8220;nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean&#8221; th\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f2n tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c \u1edf ph\u00e1i T\u1ed1ng Nho hi\u1ec3u lu\u1eadt t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 16 cu\u1ed1n &#8220;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Kinh&#8221;, L\u00e3o T\u1eed c\u0169ng n\u00f3i &#8220;Ph\u1ee5c M\u1ec7nh&#8221;, nh\u01b0ng trong v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y, th\u00ec m\u1ec7nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Ph\u00f9 v\u1eadt v\u00e2n v\u00e2n, c\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c k\u1ef3 c\u0103n, quy c\u0103n vi\u1ebft t\u0129nh, th\u1ecb vi ph\u1ee5c m\u1ec7nh&#8221;- (mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh, m\u1ed7i v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 c\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u0129nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi m\u1ec7nh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, L\u00e3o T\u1eed d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb m\u1ec7nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh, m\u00e0 v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea5t mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong Th\u1ea7n h\u1ec7 Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f3 Th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Fate, m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn Zeus, v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n t\u1ed1i cao \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i e d\u00e8, n\u1ec3 s\u1ee3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tin r\u1eb1ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 Zeus c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ni\u1ec1m tin \u1edf s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, lan tr\u00e0n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1eeb x\u01b0a t\u1edbi nay, t\u1eeb T\u00e2y sang \u0110\u00f4ng, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ni\u1ec1m tin \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, c\u01a1 s\u1edf khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a n\u00f3?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: &#8220;I\u2019homme propose, Dieu dispose&#8221;(ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf b\u00e1c \u0111i).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7\u2ba0r\u00f5 n\u00e9t c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea7n \u00fd lu\u1eadn, kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u do \u00fd mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m t\u1ea1 v\u00e0 tri \u00e2n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thi\u00ean m\u1ec7nh lu\u1eadn c\u0169ng l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh, nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, hay l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh do m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch si\u00eau nhi\u00ean an b\u00e0i, x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t. C\u00e1i nguy c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t khi\u1ebfn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta an ph\u1eadn th\u1ee7 th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ea5t h\u1ebft \u00fd ch\u00ed ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u, m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i khi\u1ebfn cho con ng\u01b0\u00f2i tr\u1ed1n tr\u00e1nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u00ecnh gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 an \u1ee7i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed huy\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o b\u1ea1n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf t\u1ea1o th\u1ebf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i thu\u1ef7 chung nh\u01b0 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn nay, \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c. T\u00ednh bao dung v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a>II.&nbsp;<\/a>M\u1ed8T S\u1ed0 T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O V\u1ec0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 S\u1ed0 PH\u1eacN HAY S\u1ed0 M\u1ec6NH [ tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>A. T\u00d4N GI\u00c1O HY L\u1ea0P C\u1ed4 \u0110\u1ea0I<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u1ea5n \u0111e\u0f2f s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn (Fate) chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ba n\u1eef Th\u1ea7n ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y \u1edf trung t\u00e2m tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ecb n\u1eef th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Clotho, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u00e9o s\u1ee3i \u0111an th\u00e0nh s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u00f2i. V\u1ecb n\u1eef Th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Lachesie l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ecb n\u1eef Th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Atropos, l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft l\u00fac n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt k\u1ecbch Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i. Trong c\u00e1c bi k\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Sophocle, th\u1ea7y b\u00f3i (Oracle) l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u00f4ng tin cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung v\u1edf k\u1ecbch Oedipe cho th\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn hay s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh trong t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng Hy L\u1ea1p c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a Homer cho th\u1ea5y, ngang qua ba n\u1eef Th\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, tuy Homer th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn hay s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh theo s\u1ed1 \u00edt, nh\u1eb1m bi\u1ec3u tr\u01b0ng cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t l\u00ean tr\u00ean \u00fd ch\u00ed con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B.\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8 GI\u00c1O V\u00c0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 S\u1ed0 M\u1ec6NH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea7n linh nh\u01b0 Vishnu, Siva, Kali c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed \u0111\u00f4i khi ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p do c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o c\u00f2n n\u00f3i t\u1edbi hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p (karma) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t q\u00faan b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n k\u1ef9 trong ph\u1ea7n &#8220;\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt thay thuy\u1ebft s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh b\u1eb1ng thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u2018th\u1eddi\u2019 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1eddi trong D\u1ecbch hoc c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i chung, trong v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o, c\u1ea3 ba y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 Th\u1ea7n linh, nghi\u1ec7p (karma) v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5, trong cu\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh ca n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng &#8220;Bhagavad Gita&#8221; khi ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Arjuna do d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n xung tr\u1eadn v\u00ec k\u1ebb th\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 b\u00e0 con, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c c\u1ea3, th\u00ec Th\u1ea7n Krishna \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i binh xa cho Arjuna, \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i cho Arjuna l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i xung tr\u1eadn, v\u00ec s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb th\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp Th\u00e1nh ca &#8220;Bhagavad Gita&#8221; cho th\u1ea5y, chi ph\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n Vishnu c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a karma.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i chung, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u tin nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn t\u00e1i sanh, s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb n\u00f3i chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, s\u1ed1 con v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a con, th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi nghi\u1ec7p (karma), h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o tin r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 hay l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eed cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i lai, vi\u1ec7c xu\u1ea5t gia, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e1nh \u1edf m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede Nam \u1ea4n, trong v\u00f9ng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tamils, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tin r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an b\u00e0i s\u1eb5n, khi m\u1edbi sanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi tr\u00ean tr\u00e1n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y t\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ecfi m\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3 v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C. DO TH\u00c1I GI\u00c1O V\u00c0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 S\u1ed0 M\u1ec6NH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Do Th\u00e1i c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i tin l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a l\u1ecbch s\u1eed d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf an b\u00e0i s\u1eb5n, m\u00e0 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng. Qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng Isarel chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee9 Isarel, \u0111\u00e0y bi\u1ec7t x\u1ee9 d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i \u0111i n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebf\u9831u\u1ed1c Assiri v\u00e0 Babylon, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c La M\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tai ho\u1ea1 \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0 do d\u00e2n Do Th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi li\u00ean minh m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri Moise, \u0111\u00e3 thay m\u1eb7t h\u1ecd k\u00fd k\u1ebft v\u1edbi Yahve tr\u00ean n\u00fai Sinai\u2026. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i do hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh: M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i l\u1ea1i li\u00ean minh v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t l\u00ean \u00fd ch\u00ed c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn hay s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Do Th\u00e1i, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf Yahve l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i cho lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D. \u0110\u1ea0O H\u1ed2I V\u00c0 V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 S\u1ed0 PH\u1eacN<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb \u1ea2 R\u1eadp \u2018maniyab\u2019 l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn hay s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong th\u01a1 ca \u1ea2 R\u1eadp ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eddi Mahomet. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1, trong chi\u1ebfn tranh hay v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh g\u00ec quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi? L\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf Allah ch\u0103ng? Hay l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch ho\u00e1. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5, qua v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1 ca \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thi s\u0129 \u1ea2 R\u1eadp n\u00e0o c\u0169ng tin \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i m\u00e3i t\u1edbi th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 VII sau c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong Kinh Koran, th\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf Allah an b\u00e0i, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn hay s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh. Ng\u00e0y t\u1eadn th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf Allah quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00fd ch\u00ed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 sau co xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt t\u00ednh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 can thi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cho ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf an b\u00e0i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9 l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi \u00fd ch\u00ed t\u1ef1 do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, khi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec3n hinh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Adam c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Do Th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa, tuy do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn \u0103n tr\u00e1i c\u1ea5m, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf \u2026 do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, trong c\u00e1c thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o l\u1edbn, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 thuy\u1ebft Karma (nghi\u1ec7p) c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i (ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t) v\u1edbi thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng: Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p (Trung B\u1ed9 III, Kinh \u2018Ti\u1ec3u Nghi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t\u2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E. D\u1ecaCH H\u1eccC V\u00c0 S\u1ed0 M\u1ec6NH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ecfi: Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 xem t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1, b\u00f3i to\u00e1n hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Xin tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 trong Kinh Di Gi\u00e1o ngay tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Ph\u1eadt t\u1eebng khuy\u00ean h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u0103ng s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u00f3i to\u00e1n v\u00e0 xem t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1. Trong n\u0103m m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, tuy c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c m\u00f4n th\u1ebf h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Thanh minh (ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef), C\u00f4ng x\u1ea3o minh (ti\u1ec3u th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7), Y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng minh (ch\u1eefa b\u1ecbnh), Nh\u00e2n minh (logic h\u1ecdc)\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: D\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc hay kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Kh\u00f4ng! Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i D\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc d\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa, do c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh Trung Hoa th\u1eddi x\u01b0a l\u00e0 Ph\u1ee5c Hy, V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Chu C\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc, theo b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi c\u00f3, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd th\u1ecbnh suy, l\u00e0nh d\u1eef, h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 &#8220;\u0111\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eafng s\u1ed1&#8221; ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5c t\u00f9ng s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh. T\u00f4i tuy kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u qua s\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 xem ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0 vua Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4n n\u00f3i trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I, b\u00e0i ph\u00fa &#8220;C\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n L\u1ea1c \u0110\u1ea1o&#8221; [1], m\u00e0 v\u00ec c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 tri\u1ebft Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u1edf H\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Gi\u1ea3ng tri\u1ebft Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tri\u1ebft Trung Hoa m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc th\u00ec e thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t. Tuy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1i s\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh l\u1eadp ra m\u00f4n d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i b\u00f3i to\u00e1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m dung t\u1ee5c ho\u00e1 m\u00f4n d\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung Hoa Ph\u00f3 L\u1ec7 Ph\u00e1t trong cu\u1ed1n &#8220;Qu\u1ed1c H\u1ecdc Kh\u00e1i Lu\u1eadn&#8221; (\u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc xb, trg.40) vi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;B\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m Chu D\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd tr\u1ecb lo\u1ea1n, th\u1ecbnh suy, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi sau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f3i to\u00e1n, th\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u00fd c\u1ee7a V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8221;[2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta xem k\u1ef9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng hay c\u00e1c l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a Chu C\u00f4ng th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta se th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh n\u00e0y nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u1ee7a n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ed1. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u00f9 g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, gian kh\u1ed5, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft gi\u1eef \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, s\u1ed1ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00ec d\u1eef bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh l\u00e0nh, hung bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00e1t. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m &#8220;\u0111\u1ee9c n\u0103ng th\u1eafng s\u1ed1&#8221; tuy c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00e2y trong V\u0103n Ng\u00f4n Truy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch hai qu\u1ebb C\u00e0n v\u00e0 Kh\u00f4n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;T\u00edch thi\u1ec7n chi gia t\u1ea5t h\u1eefu d\u01b0 kh\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00edch b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n chi gia t\u1ea5t h\u1eefu d\u01b0 \u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026&#8221;. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: nh\u00e0 t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1eeba \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, nh\u00e0 t\u00edch ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c th\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u1ec7n d\u1eef\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gia \u0111\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o, h\u00e0 hi\u1ebfp, b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t d\u00e2n qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng th\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1n. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1ng \u00e1c, th\u00ec g\u1eb7p nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, n\u1ebfu l\u00e0m thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p may m\u1eafn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Tr\u1eddi, l\u00e0 lu\u1eadt t\u1eafc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. D\u1ecbch h\u1ecdc tuy b\u00e0n chuy\u1ec7n h\u01b0ng vong, th\u1ecbnh suy v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1eabn kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c, tr\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t, h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 (s\u00e1ch D\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb hanh th\u00f4ng) ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng, b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng (s\u00e1ch D\u1ecbch d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u1ee3i, trinh).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a>III.&nbsp;<\/a>PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O D\u00d9NG THUY\u1ebeT NGHI\u1ec6P THAY CHO THUY\u1ebeT S\u1ed0 M\u1ec6NHA. \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A NGHI\u1ec6P L\u00c0 G\u00cc?[ tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p theo \u0111\u00fang ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e1i xe kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, c\u00e1n ch\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang t\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 s\u00e1t, ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed3i th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i t\u00f9. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra, anh ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1t sinh, anh ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i duy\u00ean, hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u00e1n ch\u1ebft tr\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 c\u0169, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169, khi\u1ebfn anh ta b\u1ecb c\u00e1n ch\u1ebft. L\u1ea1nh l\u00f9ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p. Trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean h\u1ebft, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi, t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u, l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef, may m\u1eafn hay b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh. M\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B. D\u1eaaN NGHI\u1ec6P V\u00c0 M\u00c3N NGHI\u1ec6P- HAI LO\u1ea0I NGHI\u1ec6P QUAN TR\u1eccNG<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fa \u00fd hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh la d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 m\u00e3n nghi\u1ec7p. D\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eaft d\u1eabn ch\u00fang sanh \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u c\u00f5i, trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba c\u00f5i thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0 c\u00f5i lo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, c\u00f5i lo\u00e0i A-tu-la v\u00e0 c\u00f5i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 ba c\u00f5i \u00e1c l\u00e0 c\u00f5i lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, m\u1eaft ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. D\u00e2n gian kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft, g\u1ecdi h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ea7n, ti\u00ean, qu\u1ef7\u2026.Trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang sanh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i \u00e1c, co hai lo\u1ea1i m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh lo\u00e0i qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. Lo\u00e0i qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i l\u00e0 lo\u00e0i ch\u00fang sanh do c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o sinh l\u00fd (b\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t to, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdng r\u1ea5t b\u00e9) cho n\u00ean lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i. Ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c th\u00ec b\u1ecb kh\u1ed5 tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean, kh\u1ed5 \u1edf m\u1ee9c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u1ed5i. C\u00f2n s\u00fac sanh th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft xu\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh chung l\u00e0 hay c\u1ea5u x\u00e9 l\u1eabn nhau, tr\u1eeb m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7. Lo\u1ea1i s\u00fac sanh quen thu\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gia s\u00fac nh\u01b0 ch\u00f3, m\u00e8o, g\u00e0, l\u1ee3n, ng\u1ef1a, tr\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang n\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng ngu si nh\u01b0 s\u00fac v\u1eadt th\u00ec sau khi ch\u1ebft, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1i sanh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u00fac v\u1eadt. R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xem th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cho n\u00ean, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng sau, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i \u00e1c, kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f5i l\u00e0nh, c\u00f5i thi\u1ec7n, d\u1eabn ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1i sanh, cho n\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Anh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 reproductive kamma. Kamma l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng P\u0081 li ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 karma, m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t hay d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00e1i sanh nghi\u1ec7p hay d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ec7n hay b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1i sanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00e2y, t\u00f4i xin \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ho\u1ea1, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ef1c \u00e1c, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1i sanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong ba c\u00f5i \u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i, s\u00fac sanh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd gi\u1ebft cha m\u1eb9, b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh A-la-h\u00e1n, l\u00e0m ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 s\u1ef1 ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong n\u0103m nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, th\u00ec nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o c\u00f5i s\u1ed1ng \u00e1c, kh\u1ed5. N\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, c\u00f2n n\u00f3i chung s\u1ed1ng bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef n\u0103m gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 sanh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t trong ba c\u00f5i \u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, qu\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0 s\u00fac sanh, v\u00e0 d\u00f9 c\u00f3 may m\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ebft y\u1ec3u, t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n, hay \u1ed1m \u0111au b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi khinh r\u1ebb\u2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C. C\u01af\u1edcNG \u0110\u1ed8 C\u1ee6A NGHI\u1ec6P QUY\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ecaNH \u1ede CH\u1ed6 D\u1ee4NG T\u00c2M<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 g\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, khi\u1ebfn cho nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1i sanh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m khi t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e1t v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tham, t\u00e2m s\u00e2n. G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y tr\u00ean b\u00e1o \u0111\u0103ng v\u1ee5 gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng v\u00e0ng Kim Sinh (H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i). K\u1ebb c\u01b0\u1edbp \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft b\u1ed1n m\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u0111\u1ec3 c\u01b0\u1edbp v\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 s\u00e1t sanh v\u00ec l\u00f2ng tham. Tr\u00ean b\u00e1o h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u1eebng \u0111\u0103ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00f4 g\u00e1i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ghen t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ri\u00eang (m\u1ed9t con b\u00e9 n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i) c\u1ee7a ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eabn t\u00e2m qu\u1eb3ng con b\u00e9 \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng H\u1ed3ng. S\u00e1t sanh v\u1edbi t\u00e2m s\u00e2n gi\u1eadn v\u00e0 ghen t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn k\u1ebb ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \u0111o\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u00f5i \u00e1c kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng v\u1eady, c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu do \u1edf ch\u1ed7 d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do \u1edf quy m\u00f4 v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c. Trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 c\u00e2u: l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00e2m danh l\u1ee3i, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi, c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi v\u1edbi t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, th\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n kh\u1ecfi n\u1ed7i b\u1ee9c x\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n, qu\u00e1 t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n, mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u00e9t xoay s\u1edf th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong Kinh 42 Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 n\u00f3i t\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh tu\u1ef3 h\u1ef7 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m vui v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m vui \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eadt l\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fat g\u00ec ghanh gh\u00e9t th\u00ec c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed tu\u1ef3 h\u1ef7 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho bao nhi\u00eau nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng, n\u1ea5u ch\u00edn c\u01a1m, s\u01b0\u1edfi \u1ea5m v.v\u2026 M\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed tu\u1ef3 h\u1ef7 c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft chia s\u1ebb ni\u1ec1m vui c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0 Trung Hoa Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i trong b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a cu\u1ed1n &#8220;\u0110\u1ed3ng M\u00f4ng Ch\u1ec9 Qu\u00e1n&#8221;, k\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t Sa-di tr\u1ebb \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u00f9a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n. V\u1ecb tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec ch\u00f9a xem t\u01b0\u1edbng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 bi\u1ebft trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n n\u1eefa h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft b\u1ec7nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, b\u00e8n l\u1eb3ng l\u1eb7ng cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 th\u0103m nh\u00e0. Anh h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00ean b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea \u0111ang b\u1ecb m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc xo\u00e1y h\u1ea5t v\u00e0o b\u1edd \u0111\u00ea, \u0111e do\u1ea1 cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i \u0111i. Th\u1ea7y Sa-di tr\u1ebb \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u0169 ki\u1ebfn \u0111ang nh\u00e1o nh\u00e1c, b\u00e8n c\u1edfi qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o nh\u1ea3y xu\u1ed1ng s\u00f4ng, ra s\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00ea c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u \u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn. C\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn, th\u1ea7y Sa-di v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a. V\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n th\u1ea5y h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 m\u00ecnh tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a an to\u00e0n, kh\u00ed s\u1eafc l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n h\u1ed3ng h\u00e0o h\u01a1n x\u01b0a, r\u1ea5t l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m l\u1ea1, b\u00e8n h\u1ecfi c\u1eb7n k\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111u\u00f4i chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee9u \u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn. V\u1ecb tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 do th\u1ea7y Sa-di ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m t\u1eeb bi r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee9u \u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft trong vong m\u1ed9t tu\u00e0n l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn s\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 c\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ecd trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00e0y s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 mua d\u1ea7u. \u0110i \u0103n xin ky c\u00f3p m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng,nh\u01b0ng khi di d\u1ebfn c\u1eeda ti\u1ec7m th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 mua d\u1ea7u th\u1eafp \u0111\u00e8n. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ch\u1ee7 ti\u1ec7m c\u1ea3m l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 cho n\u00ean v\u1eabn b\u00e1n. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u00e0 gi\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t trong t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1eddn. \u1ea4y th\u1ebf m\u00e0 sau bu\u1ed5i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111i d\u1eadp t\u1eaft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n trong nh\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u01b0\u1eddn, m\u1ecdi ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eadp t\u1eaft d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 \u0103n m\u00e0y c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ed5i m\u00e3i, d\u1eadp m\u00e3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao d\u1eadp t\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ea1 l\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn lao c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt cua r b\u00e0 gi\u00e0. V\u1edbi t\u00e2m th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec d\u00f9 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n nh\u1ecf c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho b\u00e0 \u1ea5y c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng, che cho ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u1eadp t\u1eaft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfm chuy\u1ec7n minh ch\u1ee9ng cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy t\u1eebng ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i \u00e1c trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eb7p Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1eadt th\u00e0 \u0103n n\u0103n h\u1ed1i l\u1ed7i, c\u1ea3i t\u00e0 qui ch\u00e1nh m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng tin \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, th\u00ec r\u1ed3i ngay trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Angulimala, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u01b0\u1edbp t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Kosala, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a d\u00e2m n\u1eef Ambapali \u1edf Vaisali, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t gia theo Ph\u1eadt, tu h\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Th\u00e1nh A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p. D\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m trong kinh t\u1ea1ng Pa li c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd, cho n\u00ean Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd. Khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u00fd, theo h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c, th\u00ec t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c r\u1ed3i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p cho n\u00ean r\u1ea5t hay xem th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 t\u00e2m: l\u1eddi n\u00f3i bay \u0111i, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00f4 b\u1eb1ng. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ngay nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129 tho\u00e1ng qua \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, hu\u1ed1ng h\u1ed3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 r\u0103n d\u1ea1y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean coi th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i,\u8826#273;\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00f3 t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i: n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i \u00e1c, n\u00f3i chia r\u1ebd v\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i th\u00e2n th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba l\u00e0 s\u00e1t sanh, l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng cho v\u00e0 t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i t\u00e2m c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si hay t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D.KH\u00d4NG \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C COI TH\u01af\u1edcNG VI\u1ec6C NH\u1ece<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u00ec v\u1eady, Ph\u1eadt lu\u00f4n r\u0103ng d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean coi th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n hay \u00e1c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1m l\u1eeda nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u01a1m cao nh\u01b0 n\u00fai, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf m\u00e3i r\u1ed3i c\u0169ng l\u00e0m b\u00ecnh l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e0i k\u1ec7:&#8221;Ch\u1edb ch\u00ea khinh \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n,Cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh,Nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt,&nbsp;R\u1ed3i b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n.Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y thi\u1ec7n,Do ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 122, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Pa li: HT.Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u, tr.74)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u1ea1i vi\u1ebft:&#8221;Ch\u1edb ch\u00ea khinh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c,Cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00ecnh,Nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt,R\u1ed3i b\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00e0n.Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y \u00e1c,Do ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 121, b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb Pa li: Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u, tr. 73)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110. L\u1ee2I \u00cdCH C\u1ee6A VI\u1ec6C TU T\u1eacP T\u00c2M<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd l\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i \u00fd, n\u01a1i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i hay n\u01a1i th\u00e2n, c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 d\u1ee5ng t\u00e2m, \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e2m ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thu\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 \u00e1c, ch\u1ec9 ngh\u0129 to\u00e0n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft tu t\u1eadp t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tuy r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, Ph\u1eadt, hay A-la-h\u00e1n, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu r\u1ed3i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i d\u1eabn t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu \u0111\u00f3, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1 v\u00e0o c\u00f5i \u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa v\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 b\u00e0n tay kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch m\u00e0 c\u1ea7m thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng can g\u00ec h\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa c\u0169ng n\u00f3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00e1c l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebb ngu ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3 m\u00e0 tung b\u1ee5i, b\u1ee5i ch\u1ec9 r\u01a1i v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi:&#8221;B\u00e0n tay kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch,C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7m thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c\u2026.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>(K\u1ec7 124, Kinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr.75)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;H\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng \u00e1c t\u00e2m,Ng\u01b0\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng u\u1ebf,T\u1ed9i \u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebb ngu,Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00f3 tung b\u1ee5i\u2026.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>(K\u1ec7 125, Kinh \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn, tr.75)<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1i t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, l\u00e0 \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh.&#8221;Thi\u1ec7n c\u0103n \u1edf t\u1ea1i l\u00f2ng ta&#8221;Tu Ph\u1eadt, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 tu t\u00e2m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec &#8220;ch\u1eef t\u00e2m kia b\u1eb1ng ba ch\u1eef t\u00e0i&#8221;, nh\u01b0 thi s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n Du nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 ch\u00fang ta, m\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o ch\u00fang ta:&#8221;K\u1ebb th\u00f9 h\u1ea1i k\u1ebb th\u00f9,Oan gia h\u1ea1i oan gia,Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e0,G\u00e2y \u00e1c cho t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n.&#8221;(K\u1ec7 42, Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa)&#8221;\u0110i\u1ec1u m\u1eb9 cha, b\u00e0 con,Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,T\u00e2m h\u01b0\u1edbng ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,L\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p h\u01a1n.&#8221;(K\u1ec7 43, Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E. V\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ec0 C\u00d4\u03ceG NGHI\u1ec6P<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh l\u1edbn, khi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra n\u00f3, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c hay m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111an xen v\u1edbi bi\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n khi\u1ebfn cho c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ng\u1ecdn ngh\u00e0nh chi ti\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong kinh ch\u00e9p l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt: &#8220;V\u1edbi thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n thu\u1ea7n t\u1ecbnh, v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, Ta th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sanh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, Ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao qu\u00fd v\u00e0 k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n, k\u1ebb xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc v\u00e0 k\u1ebb b\u1ea7n ti\u1ec7n, m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ec1u theo nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac hay b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(Chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Anh: &#8220;The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying&#8221;, Sogyal Rinpoche, tr.92)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt n\u1eafm b\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn: &#8220;\u1ede hi\u1ec1n g\u1eb7p l\u00e0nh, gieo gi\u00f3 g\u1eb7t b\u00e3o&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 minh tri\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean, cha \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 tin theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt g\u1ea7n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 nay r\u1ed3i, khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed9t thuy\u1ebft quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u01b0 thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e2m l\u00fd c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i, m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh x\u1ea3y ra cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng, ch\u00fang ta bu\u1ed9t m\u1ed3m n\u00f3i: &#8220;T\u1ed9i nghi\u1ec7p&#8221;. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o chung, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nghi\u1ec7p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n sinh. \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0o nh\u00e2n \u1ea5y. M\u1ed9t khi qu\u1ea3 ch\u00edn m\u00f9i v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra, th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 nay ch\u00edn m\u00f9i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e1y m\u00f3c: nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o qu\u1ea3 \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec sao? V\u00ec h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng \u00fd ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. Nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i nghi\u1ec7p kia, nghi\u1ec7p sau t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc v.v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh hay s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn, m\u00e0 n\u00f3i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ranh gi\u1edbi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00ec \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng n\u00f3i nghi\u1ec7p (Karma).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng sanh nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e1i sanh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 trong \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p (hay t\u00e1i sanh nghi\u1ec7p) khi\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1eefa ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y th\u00f4i, trong ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1i ph\u00f2ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau sai bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 tr\u1ebb, kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu, nam v\u00e0 n\u1eef, \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i gia \u0111\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c nhau. Do v\u1eady, ngo\u00e0i d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u00e3n nghi\u1ec7p (s\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfng Anh d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 supportive karma), c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">F. KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M M\u00c3N NGHI\u1ec6P<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u00e3n nghi\u1ec7p hay n\u0103ng tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00ec sao c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sang k\u1ebb ngh\u00e8o h\u00e8n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn n\u00f3i ai c\u0169ng theo, tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb9p, k\u1ebb x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, c\u00f3 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p l\u1ea1i l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea3i \u00f4ng ch\u1ed3ng x\u1ea5u x\u00ed, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 anh ch\u1ed3ng x\u1ea5u x\u00ed l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p s\u00e1nh H\u1eb1ng Nga t\u00e1i th\u1ebf .v.v\u2026Sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n sai bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a m\u00e3n nghi\u1ec7p hay l\u00e0 n\u0103ng tr\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Lo\u1ea1i m\u00e3n nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ng hay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c? Xin tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: Thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd d\u00e0y c\u00f4ng luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp m\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh l\u1ef1c s\u0129. B\u00e1c s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1\/3 l\u00e1 ph\u1ed5i m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn tu\u1ed5i h\u01a1n 80. Tri\u1ebft ra \u0110\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 Kant, v\u1ed1n l\u00fac b\u00e9 r\u1ea5t \u1ed1m y\u1ebfu nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd sinh ho\u1ea1t, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u1edd gi\u1ea5c m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ecd\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u1ec3n nghi\u1ec7p h\u01a1n nam gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta n\u1eefa. V\u00ec nh\u1edd \u0103n u\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp si\u00eang n\u0103ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u00e9o ph\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ea3nh mai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef g\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 da c\u00f3 th\u1ecbt, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i th\u00eam ph\u1ea5n son v\u00e0o n\u1eefa.v.v\u2026th\u00ec x\u1ea5u c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eb9p, h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">G. KH\u00c1I NI\u1ec6M N\u0102NG TI\u00caU NGHI\u1ec6P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a ra kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch Anh ng\u1eef c\u00f3 khi d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 counteractive karma hay l\u00e0 impeding karma. Lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 minh ho\u1ea1: M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra c\u00f3 t\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh, n\u00f3i theo danh t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gen th\u00f4ng minh, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 lai sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9 nu\u00f4ng chi\u00f9, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ec9 su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y ch\u01a1i b\u1eddi khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng minh b\u1ea9m sinh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb thui ch\u1ed9t \u0111i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng anh ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t g\u00e3 b\u1ea5t t\u00e0i, v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p anh ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng ti\u00eau nghi\u1ec7p x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c, hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i b\u1ea9m t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng minh c\u1ee7a anh. B\u1ea9m t\u00ednh th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh do anh ta nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, hu\u00e2n \u0111\u00fac trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ch\u1ee9ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i n\u0103ng ti\u00eau nghi\u1ec7p t\u00edch c\u1ef1c th\u00ec r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a b\u00e1c s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n Kh\u1eafc Vi\u1ec7n hay b\u00e1c s\u0129 Nguy\u1ec5n V\u0103n H\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee7, v\u00ec ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c th\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H. D\u1eaaN NGHI\u1ec6P C\u00d3 TH\u1ec2 CHUY\u1ec2N \u0110\u01af\u1ee2C KH\u00d4NG?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; N\u0102NG HU\u1ef6 NGHI\u1ec6P.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i h\u1ecfi: \u1eea, m\u00e3n nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 y\u1ebfu n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: D\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p sau: \u0110\u00fang l\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o gia m\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ed1ng thu\u1ed1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng sanh b\u1ea5t l\u00e3o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u1ea7n, th\u00e0nh ti\u00ean ngay trong c\u00f5i th\u1ebf n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u00e0n nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 v\u00f4 \u00edch, v\u00ec n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 T\u1eeb Th\u1ee9c ch\u0103ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean mi\u1ec5n b\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m &#8220;n\u0103ng hu\u1ef7 nghi\u1ec7p&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p tuy c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a t\u00e1i sanh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ef1c m\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eed hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eafc k\u1ef3 t\u1eed, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ebft v\u00ec thi\u00ean tai, ch\u1ebft v\u00ec tai n\u1ea1n m\u00e1y bay hay xe c\u1ed9. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh, hay l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh. Nh\u01b0ng theo \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u0103ng hu\u1ef7 nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f3 ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngay khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee7 s\u1ee9c ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 m\u1ed9t d\u1eabn nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e2n ph\u1eadn ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u00e1ch ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a lo\u1ea1i nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i t\u1eaft m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n, tuy r\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1eeba d\u1ea7u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a>IV.<\/a>&nbsp;K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN: NG\u01af\u1edcI L\u00c0 CH\u1ee6 NH\u00c2N C\u1ee6A NGHI\u1ec6P<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">[ tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 ]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt trong Kinh &#8220;Ti\u1ec3u Nghi\u1ec7p Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t&#8221; (Trung B\u1ed9 III): &#8220;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u1eeba t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a nghi\u1ec7p\u2026&#8221; Nghi\u1ec7p do ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i chi ph\u1ed1i m\u00ecnh. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nguy\u1ec5n Du n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00fang trong Ki\u1ec1u&#8221;\u0110\u00e3 mang l\u1ea5y nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o th\u00e2nC\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng tr\u00e1ch l\u1eabn tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n tr\u1eddi xa&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t th\u1ea7n linh n\u00e0o h\u1ebft quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ch\u00fang ta, v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, h\u00e0ng gi\u1edd, ph\u00fat trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. N\u1ebfu t\u00e2m ch\u00fang ta h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o thi\u1ec7n trong \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau. Quy lu\u1eadt nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o l\u00e0 quy lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3, gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i m\u01b0\u1ee3n t\u1edbi s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7n linh hay s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh m\u00f9 qu\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. Thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng l\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n t\u00f4n vinh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u01a1\u8a6e N\u00f3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n m\u00ecnh, s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 l\u00fd tr\u00ed v\u00e0 theo l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i. N\u00f3 n\u00e2ng cao gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u00f3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 y\u1ebfm th\u1ebf. Thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta trong thi\u00ean ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 m\u1edbi s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0y. Qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u1ea1i ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y t\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd th\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1eebng gi\u1edd, t\u1eebng ph\u00fat ngh\u0129 l\u00e0nh, n\u00f3i l\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m l\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p, l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 l\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, trong th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tri\u1ebft gia M\u1ef9 William James, ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00e2u:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\"><p>&#8220;Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang d\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&#8221; (Nous tissions notre vie d\u2019un qui ne se d\u00e9fera pas).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a William James s\u1ebd ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, n\u1ebfu th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i nh\u01b0 sau:&#8221;\u0110\u00e3 mang l\u1ea5y nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o th\u00e2n,C\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng tr\u00e1ch l\u1eabn tr\u1eddi g\u1ea7n tr\u1eddi xa&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00eam c\u00e1i \u0111u\u00f4i: Tuy nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 mang v\u00e0o th\u00e2n r\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn g\u1ee1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft \u0103n n\u0103n s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m, t\u1eeb nay tr\u00e1nh m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, gi\u1eef t\u00e2m \u00fd lu\u00f4n trong s\u1ea1ch, h\u01b0\u1edbng thi\u1ec7n. V\u1edbi c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a William James, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng th\u00eam, ch\u00fang ta d\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta v\u1edbi s\u1ee3i ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e1o g\u1ee1 v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, n\u1ebfu\u2026(nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean th\u00eam v\u00e0o c\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Du).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00e0 theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y mang tr\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh to\u00e0n l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh, h\u00e3y d\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh, nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ec7n trong m\u1ed7i \u00fd ngh\u0129, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. V\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u1ea3 trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau.Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Minh ChiH\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CH\u00da TH\u00cdCH<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft &#8220;S\u00e1ch D\u1ecbch xem ch\u01a1i, y\u00eau t\u00ednh s\u00e1ng, y\u00eau h\u01a1n ch\u00e2u b\u00e1u kinh Nh\u00e0n \u0111\u1ecdc d\u1ea5u, tr\u1ecdng l\u00f2ng r\u1ed7i, tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eef ho\u00e0ng kim&#8221;. Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u00e2n T\u00f4ng n\u00f3i l\u00e0 xem ch\u01a1i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y s\u00e1ch D\u1ecbch l\u00e0m chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c Chu D\u1ecbch \u0111\u00edch b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 n\u00e3i gi\u00e1o nh\u00e2n d\u0129 tr\u1ecb lo\u1ea1n, th\u1ecbnh suy, \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ea5t chi l\u00fd; h\u1eadu th\u1ebf d\u1ee5ng d\u0129 chi\u00eam ph\u1ec7, th\u1ef1c phi V\u0103n V\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ea3n \u00fd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>(B\u00e0i n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i C\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u00e1ng ng\u00e0y 5 th\u00e1ng12 n\u0103m 1999)<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp;&nbsp;19\/11\/2009 16:17:00&nbsp;Minh Chi\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 34927&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/nhanqualuanhoi\/QuanniemcuaPhatgiaovesomenh_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef:&nbsp; Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 n\u00ean tin v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 m\u1ec7nh hay kh\u00f4ng? Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tri\u1ebft gia v\u00e0\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2084,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[68],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-2083","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nhan-qua-nghiep-bao-luan-hoi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2083","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2083"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2083\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2085,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2083\/revisions\/2085"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2084"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2083"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2083"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2083"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=2083"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}