{"id":21440,"date":"2022-05-05T23:12:58","date_gmt":"2022-05-05T16:12:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=21440"},"modified":"2022-05-05T23:14:28","modified_gmt":"2022-05-05T16:14:28","slug":"phan-04-tu-thoi-duc-phat-thich-ca-mau-ni-cho-den-thoi-ky-tien-phat-giao-dai-thua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/05\/05\/phan-04-tu-thoi-duc-phat-thich-ca-mau-ni-cho-den-thoi-ky-tien-phat-giao-dai-thua\/","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea7n 04: T\u1eeb th\u1eddi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u1eddi k\u1ef3\u00a0ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt\u00a0gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21440\" class=\"elementor elementor-21440\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0d9ce9b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-between elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0d9ce9b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4779ffa\" data-id=\"4779ffa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4a3c0a0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4a3c0a0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"header\" data-elementor-id=\"18971\" class=\"elementor elementor-18971\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f779a9 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-evenly elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f779a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-edfc6c7\" data-id=\"edfc6c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232b7b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-site-logo elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"232b7b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-site-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/images\/placeholder.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f93d63\" data-id=\"7f93d63\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57e19f8\" data-id=\"57e19f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1a099 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c1a099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<button onclick=\"history.back()\"><<<\/button>\n<button onclick=\"history.forward()\">>><\/button>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5e361a0c elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5e361a0c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-47ae8092\" data-id=\"47ae8092\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4fde5026 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4fde5026\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec&nbsp;PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O&nbsp;\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8<br>T\u1eeb th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<br>Hirakawa &#8211; Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u00e2m d\u1ecbch&nbsp;<br>Ph\u1ea7n 4<br>&nbsp;Ph\u1ea7n 04: T\u1eeb th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>CH\u01af\u01a0NG 2:&nbsp;CU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1edcI&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>THU\u1eacT NG\u1eee<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp&nbsp;ra&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;phi&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d;&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;k\u1ebf th\u1eeba&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;(1).&nbsp;Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u201d. V\u00ec th\u1ebf&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u201d. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9,&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201dcu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 cho&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o,&nbsp;ban \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb chung th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o. L\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5, theo kinh&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Isibhasiyaim th\u00ec b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i l\u0103m nh\u00e0&nbsp;hi\u1ec1n nh\u00e2n&nbsp;(rsi) l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i&nbsp;th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi&nbsp;n\u00e0y\u201d (2). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u201cJina\u201d (ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng&nbsp;tinh th\u1ea7n) \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp&nbsp;Mahavira theo&nbsp;th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cho n\u00ean&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o.&nbsp;Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u201cJina\u201d c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;trong&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;l\u00e0 trong&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. M\u1ed9t&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u1ea3&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;l\u00e0 \u201carhant\u201d (ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n) hay \u201carahant\u201d (ti\u1ebfng Pali) [b\u1eadc x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng].&nbsp;Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0y&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;quan tr\u1ecdng trong&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o&nbsp;b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201carhata\u201d (3). Trong&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;s\u1ef1&nbsp;gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, trong khi&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni. B\u1edfi v\u00ec&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7t cho&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;c\u00f2n d\u00f9ng chung&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhau&nbsp;nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u201cm\u00e2u-ni\u201d (muni-t\u1ecbnh m\u1eb7c) v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ebf t\u00f4n\u201d (bhagavat) (4)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><br>\u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea2N SINH<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;(Th\u00edch-ca&nbsp;t\u1ecbch m\u1eb7c&nbsp;hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch-ca). Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong&nbsp;d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd&nbsp;Gautama (P. Gotama). Theo nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 s\u1eed li\u1ec7u ghi ch\u00e9p&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi r\u1eddi b\u1ecf&nbsp;ho\u00e0ng cung&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;tu t\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u00e0 Shiddhartha (S. Siddhattha). B\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch-ca l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c nh\u1ecf ksatriya (s\u00e1t-\u0111\u1ebf-l\u1ee3i, t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp chi\u1ebfn binh) s\u1ed1ng g\u1ea7n khu v\u1ef1c&nbsp;bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u00e0 Nepal; th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 Kapilavastu (Ca t\u1ef3 la v\u1ec7). B\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch-ca&nbsp;ban \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 tr\u1ed3ng l\u00faa. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n&nbsp;t\u1eeb gia&nbsp;\u0111\u00ecnh ksatriya nh\u01b0ng trong b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch-ca kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1&nbsp;ph\u00e2n chia&nbsp;b\u1ed1n giai c\u1ea5p. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng c\u1edb&nbsp;t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Aryan hay thu\u1ed9c&nbsp;d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i&nbsp;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng. Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 n\u1ec1n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u x\u1ecf v\u1edbi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng vua&nbsp;l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean&nbsp;nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;(rajan) c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch-ca l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp&nbsp;k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c n\u00e0y b\u1ecb&nbsp;x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc Kausala \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc.&nbsp;<br>C\u00e1c nh\u00e0&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Gautama. V\u00ec t\u00ean Gautama l\u00e0 t\u00ean b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;,&nbsp;danh hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;n\u00e0y c\u00f3&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Ca Di\u1ebfp&nbsp;(Kasyapa) v\u00e0&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Di l\u1eb7c&nbsp;(Maitreya) t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Ca Di\u1ebfp&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Di l\u1eb7c&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n&nbsp;t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u00f3&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;\u201cTh\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni\u201d (Th\u00edch-ca&nbsp;t\u1ecbch m\u1eb7c) ch\u1ec9 cho&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef&nbsp;theo t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c&nbsp;x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i&nbsp;l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch-ca.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean,&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;danh hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<br>Cha c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n&nbsp;(Suddhodana), m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch-ca. M\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Maya. B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u00e0 qua&nbsp;\u0111\u1eddi sau&nbsp;b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y sinh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ma-ha-ba -x\u00e0-ba-\u0111\u1ec1 Ki\u1ec1u-\u0111\u00e0m-nhi (Mahaprajapati Gautami), em g\u00e1i ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu&nbsp;nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. Nanda l\u00e0 em c\u00f9ng cha c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.&nbsp;<br>V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Maya&nbsp;h\u1ea1 sinh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, b\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u1edf v\u1ec1&nbsp;qu\u00ea nh\u00e0&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf Devadaha. Ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu&nbsp;h\u1ea1 sinh&nbsp;th\u00e1i t\u1eed&nbsp;trong&nbsp;h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh&nbsp;tr\u1edf v\u1ec1&nbsp;qu\u00ea t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng Lumbini (L\u00e2m-t\u1ef3-ni). M\u1ed9t hay hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, khi vua Asoka&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;chuy\u1ebfn&nbsp;h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m Lumbini v\u00e0 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t&nbsp;b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p&nbsp;(stupa, \u0111\u00e0i t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m) v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Kho\u1ea3ng t\u00e1m th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 sau, nh\u00e0&nbsp;h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;Trung Qu\u1ed1c&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;Huy\u1ec1n Trang&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1896 v\u00e0 bia k\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i m\u00e3, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Rummindei, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ea3n sanh c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<br>Theo&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, khi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;sinh ra, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o s\u0129&nbsp;t\u00ean Asita (A-t\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng Himalayas. Sau khi&nbsp;quan s\u00e1t&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;th\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;th\u00e1i t\u1eed, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai&nbsp;con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u1ebfu s\u1ed1ng&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua&nbsp;chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf&nbsp;gi\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu&nbsp;t\u1eeb b\u1ecf&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng&nbsp;tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c&nbsp;(tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u1ef9) th\u00ec ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>NG\u00c0Y SINH C\u1ee6A&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i&nbsp;l\u00fd lu\u1eadn&nbsp;l\u00e0m t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u1ed1i&nbsp;li\u00ean quan&nbsp;v\u1ec1 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t l\u00fac ng\u00e0i t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c&nbsp;l\u00fd lu\u1eadn&nbsp;d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c cho r\u1eb1ng ni\u00ean&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ra \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd lu\u1eadn&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0&nbsp;c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o&nbsp;nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed Sri Lanka (T\u00edch Lan): D\u00ecpavamsa (\u0110\u1ea3o s\u1eed) v\u00e0 Mah\u00e0vamsa (\u0110\u1ea1i s\u1eed).&nbsp;D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;c\u0103n b\u1ea3n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;n\u00e0y, Wilhelm Geiger \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 483 TCN v\u00e0 do \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i sinh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 563 TCN (5). Hermann Jacobi&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;c\u00f9ng&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng ngu\u1ed3n&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 484 TCN (6). Nh\u00e0&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n&nbsp;Kanakura Ensho \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn&nbsp;c\u00f9ng ni\u00ean k\u1ef7 (7).&nbsp;T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;\u201cch\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5m\u201d n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n sang b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;Trung Qu\u1ed1c&nbsp;nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n&nbsp;ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;Theravada v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt (vinaya), b\u1ed9 Samatapasadika (T 1462) c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ni\u00ean k\u1ef7&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. V\u00e0o l\u00fac&nbsp;k\u1ebft th\u00fac&nbsp;m\u1ed7i kh\u00f3a&nbsp;an c\u01b0&nbsp;m\u00f9a m\u01b0a sau khi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. M\u1ed7i d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o&nbsp;b\u1ea3n kinh&nbsp;n\u00e0y.&nbsp;T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;\u201cch\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5m\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u1edfi Fei Ch`ang-fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;b\u1ed9&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;v\u00e0 th\u01b0 m\u1ee5c&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, quy\u1ec3n \u2018Li-tai san-pao chi\u201d n\u0103m 597 k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean chung (KNC). Fei ghi ch\u00fa r\u1eb1ng 975 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ea5m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00eam v\u00e0o&nbsp;b\u1ea3n kinh&nbsp;v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;n\u0103m 489 KNC. Fei \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eafc l\u1ed7i khi thay \u0111\u1ed5i ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i sang n\u0103m 490 KNC. S\u1ef1 qua \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o 975 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 490 KNC theo nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;ch\u1ea5m ch\u1ea5m n\u00e0y (8).<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/images\/file\/RgYoAALS2QgBAHdM\/kinh-mung-ngay-thanh-dao.jpg\"><\/a><br>Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd lu\u1eadn&nbsp;tr\u00ean&nbsp;c\u0103n b\u1ea3n&nbsp;d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o&nbsp;nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;Sri Lanka. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd lu\u1eadn&nbsp;n\u00e0y, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;m\u1ea5t&nbsp;trong kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;v\u00e0i n\u0103m th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u0103m 480 TCN.&nbsp;V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00edn, Max Muller cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 477 TCN v\u00e0 gi\u1eef&nbsp;l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i Sri Lanka c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda cho&nbsp;ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p&nbsp;v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;trong&nbsp;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;Puranas c\u1ee7a Hindu v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o. Muller \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;trong ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i Sri Lanka. Do th\u1ebf,&nbsp;l\u00fd lu\u1eadn&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Muller ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0&nbsp;thi\u1ec3u s\u1ed1, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i.&nbsp;<br>H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang Ui Hakuju (1882-1963) \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&nbsp;v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd lu\u1eadn&nbsp;tr\u00ean.&nbsp;D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean&nbsp;l\u00fd l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;ph\u00eda B\u1eafc c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, Ui cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;khi vua Asoka&nbsp;l\u00ean ng\u00f4i&nbsp;ch\u1ec9&nbsp;tr\u1ea3i qua&nbsp;116 n\u0103m. N\u00ean ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00ec v\u1eady&nbsp;n\u1eb1m&nbsp;trong kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;466-386 TCN (9). Ui ghi ch\u00fa r\u1eb1ng bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed Sri Lanka cho r\u1eb1ng 218 n\u0103m&nbsp;tr\u00f4i qua&nbsp;gi\u1eefa l\u00fac&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;m\u1ea5t t\u1edbi&nbsp;tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;Asoka v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103m v\u1ecb vua thay nhau cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;n\u00e0y.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, 218 n\u0103m l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 d\u00e0i cho m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 5 v\u1ecb vua cai tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc;&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady&nbsp;Ui&nbsp;b\u00e1c b\u1ecf&nbsp;ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan. Ui \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn&nbsp;s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i theo \u00f4ng l\u00e0 386 TCN l\u00e0 n\u0103m&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t&nbsp;thay v\u00ec l\u1ea5y n\u0103m 271 TCN l\u00e0 n\u0103m vua Asoka&nbsp;l\u00ean ng\u00f4i&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c&nbsp;tr\u1edf ng\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 116 n\u0103m theo nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng&nbsp;c\u0103n b\u1ea3n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;ph\u00eda B\u1eafc.&nbsp;G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y&nbsp;h\u01a1n, Nakamura Hajime \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a Ui nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;l\u00ean ng\u00f4i&nbsp;c\u1ee7a vua Asoka l\u00e0 268 TCN, v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m&nbsp;nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 383 TCN.<br>S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;m\u00e0 Ui&nbsp;b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;(nh\u1eefng ai th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o&nbsp;c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh to\u00e1n&nbsp;d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean&nbsp;ngu\u1ed3n&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;Sri Lanka) l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;g\u1ea7n&nbsp;m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf&nbsp;k\u1ef7.&nbsp;Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, d\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa hai&nbsp;l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;tr\u00ean. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed Sri Lanka c\u00f3 v\u1ebb nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n&nbsp;b\u1edfi do nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng k\u00ea c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u0103m tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9&nbsp;ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m&nbsp;tr\u00f4i qua&nbsp;gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t&nbsp;t\u1edbi l\u00fac vua Asola&nbsp;l\u00ean ng\u00f4i&nbsp;m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3&nbsp;li\u1ec7t k\u00ea&nbsp;danh hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 n\u0103m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua tr\u1ecb v\u00ec.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n&nbsp;li\u1ec7t k\u00ea&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 n\u0103m v\u1ecb vua theo&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;Sri Lanka tr\u1ecb v\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hai th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m&nbsp;l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;c\u1ee7a n\u0103m v\u1ecb t\u1ed5&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt t\u00f4ng&nbsp;gi\u1eefa&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;v\u00e0 Asoka: Upali, Dasaka, Sonaka, Siggava v\u00e0 Moggaliputta Tissa. (Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u1ecb&nbsp;t\u1ed5 s\u01b0&nbsp;gi\u1eef nh\u1eefng&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;quan tr\u1ecdng trong&nbsp;t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;gi\u1eefa th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0 vua Asoka: Mahakasyapa, Ananda, Madhyantika, Sanakavasi v\u00e0 Upagupta.)<br>Theo bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed Sri Lanka,&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua Asoka.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1ecf ch\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1&nbsp;ph\u00e2n chia&nbsp;th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;trong bia k\u00fd Asoka t\u1eeb Sanci, Sarnath v\u00e0 Kausambi v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;su\u1ed1t&nbsp;tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;Asoka cho th\u1ea5y \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch&nbsp;t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n,&nbsp;ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p&nbsp;ph\u00e2n ph\u00e1i trong&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng bia k\u00fd cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn&nbsp;n\u1ea3y sinh trong&nbsp;t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng&nbsp;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&nbsp;di\u1ec5n ra sau cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i t\u1ea1i&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i&nbsp;ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n hai v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u1ec1&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t gia. N\u1ebfu s\u1ef1&nbsp;ph\u00e2n chia&nbsp;trong&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng \u0111i&nbsp;xa h\u01a1n&nbsp;th\u1eddi vua Asoka th\u00ec khi \u0111\u00f3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;theo Nakamura s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u0103m 463-383 TCN c\u00f3 v\u1ebb&nbsp;ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p; nh\u1eefng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y kh\u00e1&nbsp;ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;sau c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n&nbsp;t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;(xem ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u00e1u).&nbsp;Ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;nh\u1eefng ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Nakamura&nbsp;trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;n\u00e0y&nbsp;tuy nhi\u00ean&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u00e1c b\u1ecf&nbsp;nh\u1eefng bi\u00ean ni\u00ean s\u1eed c\u1ee7a Sri Lanka nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u&nbsp;tham kh\u1ea3o. \u0110\u00fang h\u01a1n,&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ni\u00ean&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;xa h\u01a1n,&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;K\u1ef3 na gi\u00e1o&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1eea B\u1ece&nbsp;\u0110\u1edcI S\u1ed0NG&nbsp;TH\u1ebe T\u1ee4C<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo nh\u1eefng&nbsp;mi\u00eau t\u1ea3&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;th\u00ec&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;xa hoa&nbsp;t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u00f2n ni\u00ean thi\u1ebfu. Khi ng\u00e0i l\u1edbn l\u00ean&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb, Ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft h\u00f4n c\u00f9ng Da-du-\u0111\u00e0-la (Yasodhara), h\u1ecd c\u00f3&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhau&nbsp;m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con trai, t\u00ean l\u00e0 La-h\u1ea7u-la (Rahula).&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean,&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;b\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;mang t\u00ednh s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n&nbsp;li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng. Khi ng\u00e0i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn tu\u1ed5i (theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1&nbsp;mi\u00eau t\u1ea3&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u01b0\u1eddi chin ho\u1eb7c ba m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t), ng\u00e0i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;gia \u0111\u00ecnh&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u1ef9&nbsp;du ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<br>Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u1ebf&nbsp;tr\u1ea7m ng\u00e2m. Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00fac ng\u00e0i r\u1eddi b\u1ecf&nbsp;gia \u0111\u00ecnh, c\u00f3&nbsp;m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n&nbsp;ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t&nbsp;c\u1ee9 s\u1ef1&nbsp;c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng&nbsp;hay chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u1ea7ng thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong khi ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00f3ng c\u00e2y xem cha m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c vua, c\u00e0y tr\u00ean c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3 theo m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n&nbsp;nghi th\u1ee9c&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m ch\u00fa&nbsp;quan s\u00e1t&nbsp;nh\u1eefng con chim \u0103n nh\u1eefng con giun b\u1ecb x\u1edbi tung l\u00ean b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed1ng c\u00e0y v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u1ea3m th\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;s\u00e2u s\u1eafc b\u1edfi c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 c\u00e1c&nbsp;sinh linh&nbsp;t\u00e0n h\u1ea1i l\u1eabn nhau. Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;nh\u1eadn ra&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0ng ai c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e0 \u0111i. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n&nbsp;\u0111au kh\u1ed5&nbsp;do b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;lo s\u1ee3 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft.<br>Nh\u1eefng m\u1ed1i&nbsp;quan t\u00e2m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ecbch h\u00f3a trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ed9&nbsp;ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1&nbsp;di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3&nbsp;v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea1m tr\u00e1n v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n&nbsp;c\u1ea3nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;trong b\u1ed1n chuy\u1ebfn&nbsp;du ngo\u1ea1n&nbsp;b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i&nbsp;ho\u00e0ng cung&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ph\u1ee5 v\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e0, sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng&nbsp;l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft.&nbsp;B\u1ecb \u00e1m \u1ea3nh&nbsp;s\u00e2u s\u1eafc, ng\u00e0i&nbsp;tr\u1edf v\u1ec1&nbsp;ho\u00e0ng cung&nbsp;m\u1ed7i chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i. Trong l\u1ea7n ra ngo\u00e0i l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u1ef9&nbsp;du ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m&nbsp;t\u1eeb b\u1ecf&nbsp;gia \u0111\u00ecnh&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u1ef9&nbsp;tu h\u00e0nh.<br>Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;r\u1eddi b\u1ecf&nbsp;gia \u0111\u00ecnh&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;cha m\u1eb9. V\u00e0o l\u00fac kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00eam, ng\u00e0i c\u01b0\u1ee1i con ng\u1ef1a y\u00eau qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ki\u1ec1n-tr\u1eafc (Kanthaka) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh ng\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Xa-n\u1eb7c (Chanda),&nbsp;b\u00ed m\u1eadt&nbsp;r\u1eddi xa&nbsp;ho\u00e0ng cung. Theo kinh \u0110\u1ea1i b\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (Mahaparinibbanasuttanta, DN, quy\u1ec3n 2, trang 151), ng\u00e0i \u201cr\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;gia \u0111\u00ecnh&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n (kusala).\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d4b411e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d4b411e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-e6629a4\" data-id=\"e6629a4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed9341b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed9341b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"19045\" class=\"elementor elementor-19045\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f8b8b8e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f8b8b8e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-509c7c7\" data-id=\"509c7c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-611697d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"611697d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Online &#8211; Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc 2022 : m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1ng webs , s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt , c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp. Ngo\u00e0i ra s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n tra c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home L\u1ecaCH S\u1eec&nbsp;PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O&nbsp;\u1ea4N \u0110\u1ed8T\u1eeb th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eebaHirakawa &#8211; Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u00e2m d\u1ecbch&nbsp;Ph\u1ea7n 4&nbsp;Ph\u1ea7n 04: T\u1eeb th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch-ca M\u00e2u-ni&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba CH\u01af\u01a0NG\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21422,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[211,205,84],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-21440","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cau-hoi-lich-su-phat-giao","category-cau-hoi-ve-cuoc-doi-duc-phat","category-lich-su-dao-phat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21440"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21445,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21440\/revisions\/21445"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21440"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21440"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=21440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}