{"id":21591,"date":"2022-05-06T23:17:31","date_gmt":"2022-05-06T16:17:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=21591"},"modified":"2022-05-06T23:22:05","modified_gmt":"2022-05-06T16:22:05","slug":"vuon-loc-uyen-sarnat-noi-duc-phat-chuyen-banh-xe-phap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/05\/06\/vuon-loc-uyen-sarnat-noi-duc-phat-chuyen-banh-xe-phap\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u01af\u1edcN L\u1ed8C UY\u1ec2N ( Sarnat) n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21591\" class=\"elementor elementor-21591\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-41cc099 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-between elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"41cc099\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-046f46c\" data-id=\"046f46c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c6b003 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c6b003\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"header\" data-elementor-id=\"18971\" class=\"elementor elementor-18971\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f779a9 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-evenly elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f779a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-edfc6c7\" data-id=\"edfc6c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232b7b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-site-logo elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"232b7b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-site-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/images\/placeholder.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f93d63\" data-id=\"7f93d63\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57e19f8\" data-id=\"57e19f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1a099 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c1a099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<button onclick=\"history.back()\"><<<\/button>\n<button onclick=\"history.forward()\">>><\/button>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2633b8b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2633b8b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-80ffe77\" data-id=\"80ffe77\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9212fe6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9212fe6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a8f408b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a8f408b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5174333\" data-id=\"5174333\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d0e858 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d0e858\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"21381\" class=\"elementor elementor-21381\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5acbfc7f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5acbfc7f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-70de4eb9\" data-id=\"70de4eb9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa153a4 elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"aa153a4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;dropdown&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;far fa-arrow-alt-circle-down\\&quot;&gt;&lt;\\\/i&gt;&quot;,&quot;library&quot;:&quot;fa-regular&quot;}}\" data-widget_type=\"nav-menu.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-toggle\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-label=\"Menu Toggle\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar\"><\/i><i aria-hidden=\"true\" role=\"presentation\" class=\"elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close\"><\/i>\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-screen-only\">Menu<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<nav class=\"elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container\" role=\"navigation\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t<ul id=\"menu-2-aa153a4\" class=\"elementor-nav-menu\"><li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21354\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/06\/14\/cac-quoc-gia-thoi-duc-phat\/\" class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21355\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Magadh\u0101 ( Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0)<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21400\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/06\/thanh-vuong-xa-noi-vua-bimbisara-cai-tri-thoi-phat\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">>>> Kinh \u0111\u00f4 R\u0101jagaha ( V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21527\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/06\/thanh-dia-bodh-gaya-noi-duc-phat-thanh-dao\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng (Bodh Gaya )<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21525\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/07\/tinh-xa-truc-lam-ngoi-chua-dau-tien-phat-giao\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Tinh x\u00e1 Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m ( Ve\u1e37uvana )<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21803\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/08\/nui-linh-thuu-grdhrakuta-thanh-dia-cua-phat-giao\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">N\u00fai Linh Th\u1ee9u (Grdhrakuta)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21765\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/07\/nalanda-truong-dai-hoc-dau-tien-cua-phat-giao\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o (Na Lan \u0110a )<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21356\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Kosal\u0101 ( Ki\u1ec1u-t\u00e1t-la )<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21403\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">>>> Kinh \u0111\u00f4 S\u0101vatth\u012b ( X\u00e1 V\u1ec7 )<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21526\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/07\/jetavana-ky-vien-tinh-xa-khu-vuon-mang-ten-cap-co-doc-va-ky-da-jeta\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Tinh x\u00e1 K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean (Jetavana )<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21812\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/08\/tang-gia-thi-%E5%83%A7%E4%BC%BD%E6%96%BD-sankasya\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">Sankasya (T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 Th\u1ecb) &#8211; g\u1ea7n Kosala<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21361\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">S\u0101kiy\u0101 ( Th\u00edch-Ca)<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21404\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/07\/kapila%E1%B4%A0atthu-ca-ty-la-ve-que-huong-bo-tat-tat-dat-da\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">>>> Kapilavatthu ( Ca-t\u1ef3-la-v\u1ec7 )<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21401\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">X\u1ee9 Licchavi<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21402\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">>>> Vesali (V\u1ec7 X\u00e1 Li th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Licchavi)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21363\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Vams\u0101 ( Kosambi- Ki\u1ec1u-th\u01b0\u1edfng-di )<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21405\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">>>> Kinh \u0111\u00f4 Kosambi (Ki\u1ec1u Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Di)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21358\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">K\u0101s\u012b<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21406\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">>>> Varanasi ( Ba-La-N\u1ea1i)<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21611\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/06\/vuon-loc-uyen-sarnat-noi-duc-phat-chuyen-banh-xe-phap\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21360\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Mall\u0101<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21407\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/07\/cau-thi-na-kusinagar-hanh-trinh-cuoi-cung-cua-phat\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">>>> Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4  Kushinagar ( C\u00e2u Thi Na)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-21362\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Koliy\u0101 ( C\u00e2u-l\u1ee3i)<\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown\">\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21408\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-sub-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">>>> Devadaha<\/a><\/li>\n\t<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21735\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/07\/vuon-lam-ty-ni-lumbin-noi-duc-phat-dan-sanh\/\" class=\"elementor-sub-item\" tabindex=\"-1\">V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni ( Lumbini )<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21357\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">A\u1e45g\u0101<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21359\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Vajj\u012b (  B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3 )<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21364\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Cet\u012b<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21365\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Kur\u016b<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21366\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Pa\u00f1c\u0101l\u0101<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21367\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Macch\u0101<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21368\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">S\u016brasen\u0101<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21369\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Assak\u0101<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21370\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Avant\u012b<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21371\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Gandh\u0101r\u0101<\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-21372\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"elementor-item elementor-item-anchor\" tabindex=\"-1\">Kamboj\u0101<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-876641d\" data-id=\"876641d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93cc005 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93cc005\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"21528\" class=\"elementor elementor-21528\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4c7de37 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"4c7de37\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b627847\" data-id=\"b627847\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-11726dd elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"11726dd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"542\" height=\"294\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/thanh-tich-pg-copy3-Copy.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"thanh-tich-pg-copy3-Copy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/thanh-tich-pg-copy3-Copy.webp 542w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/thanh-tich-pg-copy3-Copy-465x252.webp 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-de475a5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"de475a5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u01af\u1edcN L\u1ed8C UY\u1ec2N<\/strong><br \/>(Minh H\u1ea1nh\u00a0tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch\u00a0t\u1eeb en.wikipedia.org)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sarnath (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Mrigadava, Migad\u00e0ya, Rishipattana, Isipatana)V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3 &#8211; Sarnath c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn nai\u00a0n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho anh em\u00a0Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\u00a0T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\u00a0ra \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0xuy\u00ean qua\u00a0s\u1ef1\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u00a0c\u1ee7a Kondanna (Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0) v\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed\u00a0cao ni\u00ean nh\u1ea5t trong n\u0103m v\u1ecb,\u00a0th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t\u00a0Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1eafc Qu\u1ea3\u00a0Tu \u0110\u00e0 H\u01b0\u1eddn, t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong b\u1ed1n t\u1ea7ng Th\u00e1nh. Sarnath to\u1ea1 l\u1ea1c 13 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh Varanasi. Sarnath \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>T\u00ean\u00a0nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Mrigadava c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;v\u01b0\u1eddn nai&#8221;. Isipatana l\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0trong c\u00e1c\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n\u00a0Pali, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01a1i v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh (Pali: ISI, Ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n: Rishi) gi\u00e1ng ph\u00e0m.\u00a0Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft\u00a0n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng khi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra,\u00a0Ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean\u00a0xu\u1ed1ng\u00a0th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o\u00a0cho 500 v\u1ecb ti\u00ean nh\u01a1n bi\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ti\u00ean nh\u01a1n th\u1ea9y\u00a0hoa h\u1ed3ng\u00a0v\u00e0o trong\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian\u00a0v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c\u00a0di h\u00e0i\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u00ec r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1ed9t\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\u00a0kh\u00e1c cho t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Isipatana \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c nh\u00e0\u00a0hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft\u00a0tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0xuy\u00ean qua\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian\u00a0(t\u1eeb\u00a0Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n) xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0\u1edf tr\u00ean tr\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u00e1p xu\u1ed1ng (isayo ettha nipatanti uppatanti c\u0101ti-Isipatanam). Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua\u00a0b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y trong\u00a0thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n\u00a0t\u1ea1i Gandham\u00e0dana, t\u1eafm trong h\u1ed3 Anotatta v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0xuy\u00ean qua\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian\u00a0trong s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm\u00a0th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. Ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ea7n gian t\u1ea1i Isipatana. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c\u00a0t\u1edbi Isipatana t\u1eeb Nandam\u00f9laka-pabbh\u00e0ra.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0i\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang\u00a0tr\u00edch d\u1eabn trong (Ti\u1ec1n Sanh\u00a0Truy\u1ec7n &#8211; Nigrodhamiga J\u00e0taka (J..145ff)\u00a0gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch\u00a0cho ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0(Migad\u00e0ya). \u00d4ng vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng\u00a0V\u01b0\u1eddn Nai\u00a0nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a vua Benares trong\u00a0Ti\u1ec1n Sanh\u00a0hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang khu r\u1eebng n\u01a1i lo\u00e0i nai \u0111i lang thang m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y r\u00e0y. Migad\u00e0ya \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 v\u00ec lo\u00e0i nai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111i\u00a0rong ch\u01a1i\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb qu\u1ea5y r\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sarnath, t\u1eeb ch\u1eef Saranganath, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 &#8220;Ch\u00faa c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i Nai&#8221; v\u00e0\u00a0li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u00a0c\u1ed5 Ph\u1eadt\u00a0gi\u00e1o trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb\u00a0B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con nai v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho vua gi\u1ebft\u00a0\u0103n th\u1ecbt\u00a0thay v\u00ec con h\u01b0u c\u00e1i s\u1eafp s\u1eeda\u00a0b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft. Nh\u00e0 vua\u00a0c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0b\u00e3i b\u1ecf\u00a0l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00f3, vua \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng\u00a0vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh\u00a0n\u01a1i tr\u00fa \u1ea9n cho lo\u00e0i nai. C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1ecbch S\u1eed<br \/>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Gautama t\u1ea1i Isipatana<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111i t\u1eeb\u00a0B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng\u00a0t\u1edbi\u00a0V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0(Sarnath) n\u0103m\u00a0tu\u1ea7n sau\u00a0khi Ng\u00e0i\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ng\u00e0i\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u00a0Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u00e0nh x\u00e1c\u00a0nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n, n\u0103m v\u1ecb\u00a0tu s\u0129\u00a0Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111i Isipatana.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t\u00a0qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb\u00a0Ph\u1eadt, Ng\u00e0i r\u1eddi Uruvela,\u00a0du h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn Isipatana\u00a0tham gia\u00a0v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng cho h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edfi v\u00ec, Ng\u00e0i qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng\u00a0th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Trong khi\u00a0du h\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn Sarnath,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Gautama ph\u1ea3i b\u0103ng qua gi\u00f2ng\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1edf ph\u00e0 qua s\u00f4ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i b\u0103ng qua gi\u00f2ng\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng\u00a0xuy\u00ean qua\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian. Khi Vua\u00a0B\u00ecnh Sa V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0(Bimbis\u00e0ra) nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, vua\u00a0b\u00e3i b\u1ecf\u00a0v\u1ecb thu thu\u1ebf cho c\u00e1c\u00a0nh\u00e0 tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. Khi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y\u00a0n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u0169, Ng\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng cho ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb, ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. T\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u1eddi gian\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0,\u00a0t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng\u00a0v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c\u00a0ng\u1ed9 ra \u0111\u1eddi. B\u00e0i\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0ti\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng cho n\u0103m v\u1ecb\u00a0t\u1ef3 kheo\u00a0l\u00e0 Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta l\u00e0 kinh\u00a0Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n. Trong ng\u00e0y\u00a0tr\u0103ng r\u1eb1m\u00a0c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng Asalha (th\u00e1ng 5-6).\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0sau \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u1edf t\u1ea1i\u00a0V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0t\u1ea1i\u00a0T\u1ecbnh X\u00e1\u00a0Mulagandhakuti\u00a0trong su\u1ed1t\u00a0m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.\u00a0T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 60 v\u1ecb (sau khi Yasa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u00a0xu\u1ea5t gia),\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb\u00a0t\u1ef3 kheo\u00a0du h\u00e0nh\u00a0m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh\u00a0kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 60 v\u1ecb\u00a0t\u1ef3 kheo\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3\u00a0A la h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c di\u1ec5n ra v\u1edbi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ngo\u00e0i s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Isipatana, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Yasa \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0v\u1ecb Alahan. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1i Isipatana,\u00a0gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0lo\u1ea1i d\u00e9p l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng l\u00e1 talipot. M\u1ed9t\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p\u00a0kh\u00e1c khi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Isipatana, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb R\u00e0jagaha, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt\u00a0ng\u0103n c\u1ea5m vi\u1ec7c\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u1ecbt,\u00a0bao g\u1ed3m\u00a0c\u1ea3 th\u1ecbt\u00a0lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong khi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i Isipatana,\u00a0Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0(Mara) \u0111\u00e3 hai l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>N\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 c\u1ed5 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ea1i\u00a0V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i ho\u1eb7c b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u1ea1o H\u1ed3i.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean, trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3\u00a0nh\u1eadn ra\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e1p Dhamek;\u00a0uy nghi\u00a0v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u cao 128 feet v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng 93 feet<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e1p Dharmarajika l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u00edt nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean b\u1edfi vua Ashoka c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n\u00a0n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p Dharmarajika \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0di chuy\u1ec3n\u00a0t\u1edbi Varanasi \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 18. Khi \u0111\u00f3, ng\u1ecdc\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y\u00a0trong th\u00e1p Dharmarajika. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng gi\u00f2ng\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Th\u00e1p Chaukhandi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u, ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng ghi v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5 ho\u1eb7c s\u1edbm h\u01a1n v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0n\u00e2ng cao\u00a0do vi\u1ec7c th\u00eam v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t to\u00e0 th\u00e1p t\u00e1m c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m\u00a0g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0th\u00e1p Chaukhandi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; T\u00e0n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1\u00a0Mulagandhakuti\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u\u00a0n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0an c\u01b0\u00a0trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0T\u1ecbnh x\u00e1\u00a0Mulagandhakuti hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1930 c\u1ee7a Sri Lanka Mahabodhi Society, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0b\u1ee9c tranh\u00a0t\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1eb1ng sau\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0V\u01b0\u1eddn Nai\u00a0(nh\u1eefng con nai v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a\u00a0vua A D\u1ee5c\u00a0(Ashoka) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac n\u1ed5i\u00a0nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y\u00a0b\u1edfi &#8220;\u0110\u1ea7u con\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0vua A D\u1ee5c) (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng\u00a0Sarnath), \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ec3 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0ng c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf\u00a0v\u1ecb tr\u00ed\u00a0nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8211; Vi\u1ec7n\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng\u00a0Sarnath Archeological\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0vua A D\u1ee5c,\u00a0k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u\u00a0c\u00f2n\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u1edbi 45 foot cao t\u1eeb m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e0\u00a0bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0tr\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Vi\u1ec7n\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng\u00a0c\u0169ng\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0t\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p (Dharmachakra-posture.)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;\u00a0Ngo\u00e0i ra\u00a0c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft nh\u00e1nh t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1\u00a0t\u1ea1i\u00a0B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>H\u00ecnh \u1ea2nh<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21602,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"422\" class=\"wp-image-21602\" title=\"vuonlocuyen_nhintuthapchaukhandi\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vuonlocuyen-nhintuthapchaukhandi1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vuonlocuyen-nhintuthapchaukhandi1.jpg 563w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vuonlocuyen-nhintuthapchaukhandi1-465x349.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0nh\u00ecn t\u1eeb th\u00e1p Chaukhandi<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21601,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"422\" class=\"wp-image-21601\" title=\"truda_aduc_dung_sarnath\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/truda-aduc-dung-sarnath1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/truda-aduc-dung-sarnath1-1.jpg 563w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/truda-aduc-dung-sarnath1-1-465x349.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u1ee5 \u0110\u00e1 c\u1ee7a\u00a0Vua A D\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21600,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"422\" class=\"wp-image-21600\" title=\"thap_chaukhandi\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/thap-chaukhandi1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/thap-chaukhandi1-1.jpg 563w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/thap-chaukhandi1-1-465x349.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e1p Chaukhandi<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21599,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"660\" height=\"450\" class=\"wp-image-21599\" title=\"scan0050\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/scan00501.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/scan00501.jpg 660w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/scan00501-465x317.jpg 465w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/scan00501-623x425.jpg 623w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21598,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"315\" height=\"420\" class=\"wp-image-21598\" title=\"sarnath_dhamekhastupa2\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sarnath-dhamekhastupa21-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21597,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"422\" class=\"wp-image-21597\" title=\"phethap_vuonlocuyen\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/phethap-vuonlocuyen1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/phethap-vuonlocuyen1.jpg 563w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/phethap-vuonlocuyen1-465x349.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e1p Dhamekha \/ V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00f4c Uy\u1ec3n<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21596,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"422\" class=\"wp-image-21596\" title=\"vuonnai\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vuonnai1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vuonnai1.jpg 563w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/vuonnai1-465x349.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>V\u01b0\u1eddn Nai<br \/><br \/><br \/><br \/><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u01af\u1edcN L\u1ed8C UY\u1ec2N<br \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>M\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0\u0111\u00e1ng ghi nh\u1edb n\u1eefa\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0Isipitana hay Sarnath. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, trong s\u1ef1 t\u0129nh l\u1eb7ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n,\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 khai\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i\u00a0ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho 5 anh em \u00f4ng\u00a0Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia c\u00f9ng\u00a0tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh\u00a0v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i. N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p\u00a0n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a\u00a0ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch\u00a0gi\u1ea3i h\u00f3a nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u00f3.\u00a0S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 \u201cChuy\u1ec3n\u00a0Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n,\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u\u00a0m\u1ed9t k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean huy h\u00f2ang\u00a0r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0k\u00e9o d\u00e0i\u00a0b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng\u00a0tr\u00ean 2500 n\u0103m\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0nay.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sarnath l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\u00a0xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0do\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni\u00a0s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, Sarnath \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t\u00a0t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i\u00a0tr\u00ean 1500 n\u0103m. Trong nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1eddi k\u1ef3\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, d\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0vua A D\u1ee5c, Sarnath \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i\u00a0tranh lu\u1eadn\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o. Hai ng\u00e0i\u00a0Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u00e0 Tr\u1ea7n\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5 v\u00e0 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7\u00a0sau C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Hai ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u\u00a0gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0n\u00e0y. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y,\u00a0vua A D\u1ee5c\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u\u00a0khu v\u1ef1c\u00a0\u1ea9n c\u01b0\u00a0trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00f2a nh\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a h\u01a1n 1500 v\u1ecb t\u0103ng s\u0129\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn Sarnath. Trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0di t\u00edch\u00a0c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt\u00a0b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng trong\u00a0h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n, m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i c\u1ed5 th\u00e1p v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u do\u00a0vua A D\u1ee5c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng.\u00a0Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1\u00a0trong nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00f9ng tu\u00a0l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. Theo bia k\u00fd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00f9ng tu\u00a0l\u1ea1i theo l\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u00f2ang h\u1eadu Kumaradevi v\u00e0o ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 12\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau, \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y b\u1ecb qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a Muhammad Ghori, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n Huns v\u00e0 Mahmud Ghazni\u00a0ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y\u00a0h\u00f2an t\u00f2an, nh\u01b0ng Sarnath l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00f9ng tu\u00a0do c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3\u00a0T\u0103ng Ni\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean\u00a0v\u1ec1 sau, v\u00ec\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0suy t\u00e0n\u00a0t\u1ea1i\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Sarnath, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0v\u00e0 huy h\u00f2ang m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb\u00a0ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y\u00a0m\u1ea5t d\u1ea5u trong \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t\u00a0hoang t\u00e0n\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i\u00a0th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, vi\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5n ph\u00ed\u00a0s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00e0i ch\u00e1nh th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u00f9ng tu\u00a0l\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0Sarnath. Khi\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn Sarnath t\u1eeb h\u01b0\u1edbng Varanasi,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng\u00a0b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch nung nh\u00f4 l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0\u00a0di t\u00edch\u00a0c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u\u00a0n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p 5 anh em \u00f4ng\u00a0Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0. Ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p\u00a0b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00f9ng tu\u00a0l\u1ea7n sau c\u00f9ng b\u1edfi\u00a0ti\u1ec3u v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0Akbar n\u0103m 1588, thu\u1ed9c\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0Gupta.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng\u00a0di t\u00edch\u00a0t\u00e0n r\u1ee5i c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u00e2n t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p Dhamekh cao h\u01a1n m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t 150 b\u1ed9. Ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u b\u1ec1n c\u1ee9ng, nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 mang\u00a0h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng\u00a0c\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t th\u00e1p cho\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p Dhamekh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y v\u00e0o\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0Gupta th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Danh t\u1eeb \u201cDhamekh\u201d ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u1eeb\u00a0Ph\u1ea1n ng\u1eef\u00a0\u201cDharmekh \u2013 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p\u201d. C\u00e1ch ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng xa v\u1ec1\u00a0h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p nh\u1ecf do\u00a0vua A D\u1ee5c\u00a0x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t. Th\u00e1p\u00a0vua A D\u1ee5c\u00a0x\u00e2y, theo l\u1eddi\u00a0mi\u00eau t\u1ea3\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Tr\u1ea7n\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p\u00a0cho 5 anh em\u00a0Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0.\u00a0Xa h\u01a1n\u00a0m\u1ed9t t\u00ed v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4t tr\u1ee5 h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ch\u1ea1m r\u1ea5t\u00a0c\u00f4ng phu. C\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed\u00a0n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y t\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7n\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng\u00a0kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u00e1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u1ed9t l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh d\u1eabn l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o\u00a0ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n\u00a0ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p. Ng\u00f2ai ra,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u m\u00e3nh v\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t\u00a0mang d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc\u00a0c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0kh\u00e1c nhau. M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 c\u00e1t kh\u1eafc h\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n\u00a0l\u00e0 b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t m\u1ef9\u00a0mang d\u1ea5u ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0Gupta.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u1eafc theo t\u00e1m\u00a0bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0nh\u01b0\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0gi\u00e1ng sanh,\u00a0th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o,\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n,\u00a0nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, thi tri\u1ec3n\u00a0th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, v.v.\u00a0\u0110\u00e1ng k\u1ec3\u00a0n\u1eefa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u00e0n l\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 kh\u1eafc\u00a0tr\u1ecdn v\u1eb9n\u00a0b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf\u00a0b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng c\u1ed5 P\u00e0li.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>D\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u theo\u00a0th\u1eddi gian, Sarnath v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u00a0h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn\u00a0du kh\u00e1ch\u00a0t\u00ecm v\u1ec1\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c\u00a0T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5\u00a0v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u00e2m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn vang v\u1ecdng\u00a0b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t\u00a0trong l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u00e2m linh\u00a0v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e2m, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ri\u00eang hay\u00a0du kh\u00e1ch\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0n\u00f3i chung sau khi \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay t\u1ea1i phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Delhi, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Varanasi. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0du kh\u00e1ch\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath, khu\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn b\u00e1nh xe Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 sanh\u00a0v\u00e0 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m d\u00f2ng\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u00e2m linh\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng (n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o),\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Kusinagar (n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n) v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0L\u00e2m-t\u1ef3-ni (n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3n sanh)\u2026.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u00e2m linh\u00a0thu\u1eadn theo\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu\u00a0thu\u1eadn theo\u00a0th\u1eddi gian\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e2m\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00e1ch\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay \u1edf Nepal \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0L\u00e2m-t\u1ef3-ni, sau \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng,\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath, v\u00e0\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Kusinagar\u2026 cu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3\u00a0h\u01a1n. Trong\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi\u00a0b\u00e0i n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0c\u00f9ng nhau\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath,\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i Ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>V\u01af\u1edcN L\u1ed8C UY\u1ec2N<\/strong><br \/>Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc<br \/>(Ch\u00f9a C\u1ed5 L\u00e2m)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Tr\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u00e2m linh\u00a0v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e2m, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i ri\u00eang hay\u00a0du kh\u00e1ch\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0n\u00f3i chung sau khi \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay t\u1ea1i phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Delhi, \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Varanasi. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0du kh\u00e1ch\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath, khu\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn b\u00e1nh xe Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 sanh\u00a0v\u00e0 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m d\u00f2ng\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u00e2m linh\u00a0s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng (n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o),\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Kusinagar (n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n) v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0L\u00e2m-t\u1ef3-ni (n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3n sanh)\u2026.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0t\u00e2m linh\u00a0thu\u1eadn theo\u00a0kh\u00f4ng gian\u00a0\u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd. N\u1ebfu\u00a0thu\u1eadn theo\u00a0th\u1eddi gian\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ed9ng T\u00e2m\u00a0th\u00ec kh\u00e1ch\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p m\u00e1y bay \u1edf Nepal \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0L\u00e2m-t\u1ef3-ni, sau \u0111\u00f3 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng,\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath, v\u00e0\u00a0cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Kusinagar\u2026 cu\u1ed9c\u00a0h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh\u00a0nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng thu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3\u00a0h\u01a1n. Trong\u00a0ph\u1ea1m vi\u00a0b\u00e0i n\u00e0y,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0c\u00f9ng nhau\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath,\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i Ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean gi\u1eefa\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0<\/strong>l\u00e0 t\u00ean H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t, L\u1ed9c (\u9e7f) ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 con nai, Uy\u1ec3n (\u82d1) l\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn \u0111\u1eb9p; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u00a0L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Khu\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn nai\u00a0xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. Danh t\u1eeb\u00a0L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pali l\u00e0 Sarnath (vua c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i nai); hay t\u1eeb Migad\u00e0ya (v\u01b0\u1eddn nai).\u00a0S\u1edf d\u0129\u00a0g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Migad\u00e0ya (v\u01b0\u1eddn nai), v\u00ec khu v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua x\u1ee9 Ba-la-n\u1ea1i\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u00a0c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i nai s\u1ed1ng\u00a0t\u1ef1 do\u00a0trong khu v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i; nh\u1edd th\u1ebf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y r\u1ea5t\u00a0y\u00ean t\u1ecbnh,\u00a0thanh v\u1eafng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa\u00a0l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1eabn s\u0129\u00a0ti\u1ebfn tu\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p. Khi ch\u01b0a\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3\u00a0v\u1ecb\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0 n\u0103m anh em\u00a0Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0\u00a0c\u0169ng t\u1eebng\u00a0tu t\u1eadp\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh\u00a0trong khu r\u1eebng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Theo\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng\u00a0Pali, khu r\u1eebng n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u201cCh\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecda x\u1ee9\u201d (Isipatana), v\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 500 v\u1ecb\u00a0B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, x\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, n\u00ean n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Isipatana. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 VII AD, khi ng\u00e0i\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i\u00a0cho bi\u1ebft\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u\u00a0n\u01a1i x\u00e1c th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a 500 v\u1ecb\u00a0B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, ng\u00e0y nay th\u00ec\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa. (1).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Danh t\u1eeb Sarnath (vua c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i nai),\u00a0xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u00a0ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Th\u00edch Ca,\u00a0c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n\u00a0h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0anh d\u0169ng. Chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Thu\u1edf x\u01b0a t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Ba-la-n\u1ea1i, trong m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng\u00a0xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, c\u00f3 hai \u0111\u00e0n nai \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e0n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n n\u0103m tr\u0103m con v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eaft d\u1eabn b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t con nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0th\u00f4ng minh,\u00a0lanh l\u1ee3i.\u00a0B\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh\u00a0thay, nh\u00e0 vua c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u00edch th\u1ecbt nai v\u00e0\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng hay\u00a0\u0111i s\u0103n b\u1eafn. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m vua c\u00f9ng\u00a0t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng n\u00e0y s\u0103n b\u1eafn, ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n khu r\u1eebng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nai sinh s\u1ed1ng, nh\u00e0 vua r\u1ea5t\u00a0vui m\u1eebng\u00a0ra s\u1ee9c \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eaft; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e0n nai r\u1ea5t kh\u00f4n ngoan, ch\u00fang ch\u1ea1y lu\u1ed3n l\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y r\u1eebng, nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao \u0111u\u1ed5i b\u1eafn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u00a0Tr\u1ea3i qua\u00a0m\u1ea5y canh gi\u1edd ra s\u1ee9c \u0111u\u1ed5i theo b\u1eafn gi\u1ebft m\u1ec7t nh\u1ecdc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c con nai n\u00e0o. Nh\u00e0 vua r\u1ea5t\u00a0b\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh\u00a0sai qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh bao v\u00e2y c\u1ea3 khu r\u1eebng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u1ebft hai \u0111\u00e0n nai. Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3\u00a0kinh khi\u1ebfp s\u1eafp x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u1ea3 gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f2i v\u00e0 khu r\u1eebng, hai con nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a) li\u1ec1n ch\u1ea1y\u00a0ra kh\u1ecfi khu r\u1eebng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t\u00a0nh\u00e0 vua v\u00e0 th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng: Xin\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ed1t khu r\u1eebng gi\u1ebft c\u1ea3 lo\u00e0i nai v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt trong \u1ea5y,\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u00a0xin nguy\u1ec7n m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u00e2ng n\u1ea1p cho ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t con nai; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecbt nai t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u00a0c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng. Nh\u00e0 vua th\u1ea5y nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n r\u1ea5t\u00a0d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0xinh \u0111\u1eb9p\u00a0th\u01b0a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf li\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng ngay, ra l\u1ec7nh cho qu\u00e2n l\u00ednh r\u00fat kh\u1ecfi khu r\u1eebng v\u00e0\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1t khu r\u1eebng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, hai nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t\u00a0s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t con nai \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o cung n\u1ed9p m\u1ea1ng cho nh\u00e0 vua. M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m s\u1eafp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u1ed9t con nai c\u00f3 mang thai \u0111i n\u1ed9p m\u1ea1ng, nai m\u1eb9 nh\u00ecn b\u1ee5ng m\u00e0 x\u00f3t xa ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: con m\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a\u00a0ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ebft theo m\u00ecnh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng con\u00a0\u0111au l\u00f2ng\u00a0tr\u1eb1n tr\u1ecdc\u00a0su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam, s\u00e1ng mai nai m\u1eb9\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0\u0111i g\u1eb7p nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n\u00a0\u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0-\u0111\u1ea1t-\u0111a) xin\u00a0ho\u00e3n l\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee3i ng\u00e0y sanh xong s\u1ebd \u0111i n\u1ed9p m\u1ea1ng. Con nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m\u00a0v\u1edbi\u00a0ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh\u00a0c\u1ee7a nai m\u1eb9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n r\u1ea7y lai,\u00a0qu\u1edf m\u1eafng\u00a0v\u00e0 bu\u1ed9c nai m\u1eb9 ph\u1ea3i \u0111i n\u1ed9p m\u1ea1ng trong ng\u00e0y theo\u00a0th\u1eddi h\u1ea1n\u00a0v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n. Nai m\u1eb9 hai d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7 ch\u1ea3y d\u00e0i, c\u00fai \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0v\u00e2ng theo,\u00a0l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u0111i n\u1ed9p m\u1ea1ng. Ra \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00eca r\u1eebng, nai m\u1eb9 g\u1eb7p nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00e0n nai c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i (ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt), nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nai m\u1eb9 m\u1eaft l\u1ec7 tu\u00f4n tr\u00e0o, l\u1ea7m l\u1ee7i b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i. Nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0h\u1ecfi th\u0103m\u00a0s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh, khi nai m\u1eb9 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c; nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng\u00a0n\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0m\u1eabu t\u1eed\u00a0bao la\u00a0c\u1ee7a nai m\u1eb9. T\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi\u00a0c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5\u00a0n\u1ea1n ph\u00e1t sinh, nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n li\u1ec1n nguy\u1ec7n ch\u1ebft thay cho nai m\u1eb9, nai m\u1eb9 r\u1ea5t\u00a0vui m\u1eebng,\u00a0c\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c\u00a0nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng\u00a0v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1y t\u1ea1. Sau khi t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0n nai th\u00e2n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n\u00a0ung dung\u00a0ti\u1ebfn th\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 cung th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed9p m\u1ea1ng. Khi v\u00e0o\u00a0ho\u00e0ng\u00a0cung, t\u1eeb xa nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n, nh\u00e0 vua r\u1ea5t\u00a0kinh ng\u1ea1c\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi r\u00f5 m\u1ecdi\u00a0s\u1ef1 t\u00ecnh. Khi nghe nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i, nh\u00e0 vua r\u1ea5t k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ea7m ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng\u00a0bao dung,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb bi\u00a0nh\u01b0 con nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n n\u00e0y.\u00a0C\u1ea3m ph\u1ee5c\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i bi\u00a0\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 sai ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea3 nai \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n v\u1ec1,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi\u00a0t\u1ef1 h\u1ee9a\u00a0t\u1eeb nay s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng th\u1ecbt nai n\u1eefa v\u00e0 ra l\u1ec7nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u00a0khu v\u01b0\u1eddn kh\u00f4ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng \u1ea5y qu\u1ea5y ph\u00e1 \u0111\u00e0n nai n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb thu\u1edf \u0111\u00f3\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ng\u00e0y nay, khu r\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean\u00a0th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n\u00a0l\u00e0 Sarnath (vua c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i nai).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21595,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"350\" class=\"wp-image-21595\" title=\"sarnath-holy\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sarnath-holy1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sarnath-holy1.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sarnath-holy1-465x271.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<strong>2.\u00a0L\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0th\u0103ng tr\u1ea7m\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>L\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0Sarnath \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t xa x\u01b0a, thu\u1edf\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Th\u00edch Ca\u00a0c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb\u00a0B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t\u00a0h\u00f3a th\u00e2n\u00a0tu t\u1eadp\u00a0trong lo\u00e0i nai n\u01a1i khu r\u1eebng\u00a0hoang d\u00e3. Sarnath c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua\u00a0Kinh t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0m\u00e0 ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt trong\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9,\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfc n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 khai sinh\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9,\u00a0c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 sanh.\u00a0Th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft qua huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 500 vi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n gi\u1eefa\u00a0h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0\u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u1edbi\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m. Sarnath l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft s\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0\u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Di L\u1eb7c\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n,\u00a0thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp\u00a0Long Hoa h\u1ed9i\u00a0sau n\u00e0y, v\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0n\u00e0y,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Th\u00edch Ca\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd k\u00ed Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd\u00a0th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt\u00a0hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0\u00a0T\u1eeb Th\u1ecb\u00a0Nh\u01b0 Lai. (2).<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0n\u1ed5i danh\u00a0h\u01a1n v\u00ec v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba danh\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh Banares (Ba-la-n\u1ea1i), th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1Vanarasi n\u1eb1m b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0v\u00e0 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u00a0Vanarasi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u00a0t\u00e2m linh, l\u00e0 Kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, l\u00e0\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt\u00a0cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, m\u00e0\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a. T\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u1edf Banares\u00a0n\u1ed5i danh\u00a0c\u1ea3\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0t\u1eeb m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Khi\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t\u00a0h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\u00a0g\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7t, sinh s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u00f3 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\u00a0r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 Theben \u1edf Ai-c\u1eadp, Ninive hay Babylon \u1edf Ba T\u01b0. Ch\u00fang\u00a0th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh\u00a0c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed 1700 n\u0103m nh\u01b0 Babylon, kinh \u0111\u00f4\u00a0r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1\u00a0m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n Trung \u00c1. Th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3\u00a0lu m\u1edd\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc Varanasi, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u00a0kho\u1ea3ng 3000 n\u0103m\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd Varanasi<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i\u00a0ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean\u00a0hay v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh m\u00e0\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Th\u00edch Ca\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn Sarnath \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p, \u0111em \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn cho\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea5y l\u00e0\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt trong\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9,\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y\u00a0thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp\u00a0ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u,\u00a0thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfc n\u00f4i c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Qua\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng\u00a0v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp\u00a0ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt trong\u00a0qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9\u00a0t\u1eeb\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Ca Di\u1ebfp, \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Th\u00edch Ca\u00a0trong\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u1ea3\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Di L\u1eb7c\u00a0\u1edf\u00a0v\u1ecb lai\u00a0\u0111\u00e3, \u0111ang v\u00e0 s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn b\u00e1nh xe Ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath n\u00e0y. (4)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa,\u00a0ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng\u00a0n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1\u00a0t\u00e2m linh\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n, n\u00ean\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n\u00a0t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111em \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u00a0gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u00a0x\u00f3a tan nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn l\u00fd\u00a0m\u01a1 h\u1ed3, nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft\u00a0thi\u00ean ch\u1ea5p\u00a0v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u1ea7n quy\u1ec1n, v\u1ec1\u00a0giai c\u1ea5p, v\u1ec1\u00a0ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a\u00a0\u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t\u00a0\u00e9p x\u00e1c\u00a0kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, hay\u00a0bu\u00f4ng lung\u00a0trong\u00a0l\u1ea1c th\u00fa\u00a0c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7n gian\u2026. \u0110\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean m\u1ed9t\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>G\u1ea7n 300 n\u0103m sau th\u1eddi vua Asoka, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi vua Kanishka (Ca-n\u1ecb-s\u1eafc-ca, kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 II AD), m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed\u00a0thu\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh. Th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, c\u00e1c\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i\u00a0ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, h\u1ecd l\u1ea5y\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u00e0o\u00a0l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0gi\u00e1o l\u00fd\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2026 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0 xem t\u1ea1p, l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hoang mang, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u00a0ch\u00ednh t\u00f4ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0tu t\u1eadp. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh\u00a0\u0111\u00f3, vua Kanishka \u0111\u00e3 cung th\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c b\u1eadc\u00a0T\u1ef3 kheo\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o\u00a0ch\u00e2n tu,\u00a0tinh th\u00f4ng\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u00a0ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp\u00a0l\u1ea1i\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, l\u00e0m cho\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0hi\u1ec3n minh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 xen t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft\u00a0l\u00e0m\u00a0m\u01a1 h\u1ed3. D\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\u00a0nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a vua Kanishka,\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh\u00a0v\u0103n t\u1ef1, bi\u00ean ch\u00e9p th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0kinh t\u1ea1ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ef3\u00a0ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp\u00a0kinh \u0111i\u1ec1n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. D\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua Kanishka,\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0n\u00f3i chung, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath n\u00f3i ri\u00eang r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh. Trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n\u00a0c\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong \u1ea5y c\u00f3\u00a0h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac d\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua Kanishka, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. Ri\u00eang t\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 cho\u00a0tr\u00f9ng tu\u00a0l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0c\u0169, x\u00e2y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t bia k\u00ed \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Sarnath thu\u1ed9c\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua Kanishka, do\u00a0t\u1ef3 kheo\u00a0Bala \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTh\u00e0nh\u00a0Ba La N\u1ea1i\u00a0n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0Ca N\u1ecb S\u1eafc Ca v\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3 v\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 doanh tr\u1ea1i \u1edf Mathura<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sau th\u1eddi vua Kanishka, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Ba-la-n\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua kh\u00e1c n\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i l\u00ean cai tr\u1ecb, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u00a0nhi\u1ec1u, v\u00ec h\u1ecd theo\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u00a0B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean,\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 II \u2013VI AD) v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0tu h\u1ecdc\u00a0l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi k\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia. Gi\u1eefa th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VII AD, ng\u00e0i\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang\u00a0(595-664) sang\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0du h\u1ecdc, khi \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3\u00a0trong cu\u1ed1n k\u00ed s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u201cPh\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng\u00a0Ba La N\u1ea1i\u00a0\u0111i h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eb7m, \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a\u00a0L\u1ed9c D\u00e3. Trong khu v\u1ef1c chia ra l\u00e0m t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n\u00a0li\u00ean h\u1ec7\u00a0v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda l\u1ea7u c\u00e1c\u00a0tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7\u00a0quy m\u00f4. T\u0103ng s\u0129\u00a0s\u1ed1ng h\u01a1n 1500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, tu theo Ch\u00e1nh Lu\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c\u00a0Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba. Trong th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0Tinh X\u00e1\u00a0cao h\u01a1n 200 th\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00eda b\u00ean tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o h\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ebfp m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng\u00a0ch\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea5t\u00a0t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t l\u00ean b\u1ed1n b\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m mi\u1ebfng, m\u1ed7i mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt\u00a0m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. \u1ede trong\u00a0T\u1ecbnh X\u00e1\u00a0\u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt\u00a0b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai, t\u1ea1c theo t\u01b0 th\u1ebf\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n. Ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam\u00a0T\u1ecbnh X\u00e1\u00a0c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t\u00a0B\u1ea3o Th\u00e1p\u00a0b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1ch do\u00a0Vua A D\u1ee5c\u00a0d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i, chi\u1ec1u cao h\u01a1n 100 th\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n 70 th\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ea1ch ng\u1ecdc cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng\u00a0ph\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfu\u00a0r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc, \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfu l\u00ean c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0Thi\u1ec7n \u00c1c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\u00a0Nh\u01b0 Lai\u00a0thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p\u00a0l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau khi\u00a0th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.\u201d (7). Qua s\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang\u00a0cho ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng,\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sanath v\u00e0o giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, m\u1ecdi l\u1ea7u c\u00e1c,\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0v\u1eabn c\u00f2n\u00a0tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7\u00a0v\u00e0 qui m\u00f4, c\u00e1c\u00a0T\u1ef3 kheo\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 1500 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230; nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh, m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0qui ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 VII AD,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua\u00a0h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang, m\u1ed9t\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0tu h\u1ecdc\u00a0l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; l\u00e0\u00a0th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0trang nghi\u00eam\u00a0thanh t\u1ecbnh\u00a0cho h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n\u00a0ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng\u00a0th\u00fac li\u1ec5m\u00a0th\u00e2n t\u00e2m\u00a0tu t\u1eadp\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\u00a0qui ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0 Asoka, Kanishka&#8230;. l\u00e0 su\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0t\u1eeb bi\u00a0t\u1eafm m\u00e1t cho h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n. Th\u1eddi k\u00ec n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1eddi\u00a0ho\u00e0ng kim\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Trang s\u1eed\u00a0bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0v\u00e0 kinh khi\u1ebfp nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb s\u1ef1\u00a0x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u00a0kh\u00e1t m\u00e1u v\u00e0 hung t\u00e0n. N\u0103m 1193 c\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n t\u00e0n \u00e1c \u1ea5y l\u00e0 vua Mahommada, sau khi\u00a0x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n hung t\u00e0n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0kh\u00e1c. Vua Mahommada \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0\u1ea4n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o. Trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n\u00a0x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n hung t\u00e0n \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n\u00a0tu s\u0129\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0v\u00e0 \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0b\u1ecb gi\u1ebft\u00a0h\u1ea1i, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p,\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t s\u1ea1ch; nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, \u0111\u1eadp n\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c\u00a0v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u01a1ng. H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0nh\u01b0 B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng, Sarnath&#8230; \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb\u00a0ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y\u00a0h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c\u00a0hoang t\u00e0n, ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc\u00a0vi\u1ec7n\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0Nalanda\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u00a0kho t\u00e0ng kinh s\u00e1ch, th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i, ph\u00f2ng x\u00e1&#8230; b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 n\u1eeda n\u0103m !!!<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i,\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n, ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p&#8230; gi\u1eb7c H\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft d\u00e2n ch\u00fang\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1n \u0111\u00e0i\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u00a0ngay tr\u00ean c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0n\u00e0y.\u00a0Th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00f3a s\u1ed5 v\u00e0\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u00a0b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i\u00a0trong c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>S\u1ef1\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n, kh\u00e1t m\u00e1u v\u00e0 t\u00e0n \u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u00a0cai tr\u1ecb v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII th\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n. Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0\u0111en t\u1ed1i\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qua, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3\u00a0\u1ea4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9c t\u00f4n,\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c\u00a0n\u1ed5i l\u00ean \u0111\u1eadp ph\u00e1\u00a0to\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u00a0nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u00a0v\u00e0 cho\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec1n \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o ngay tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea5y.\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0n\u00f3i chung hay\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u1eabn\u00a0ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c\u00a0ch\u00ecm trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o tuy kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t m\u00e1u,\u00a0d\u00e3 man\u00a0nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u00a0c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, nh\u01b0ng\u00a0ni\u1ec1m tin\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u00ednh\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh; do v\u1eady\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u00a0ph\u1ee5c sinh\u00a0ngay tr\u00ean m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n sinh ra n\u00f3. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ng\u00e0y nay, t\u00ednh\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7\u00a0\u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01a1i tr\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n, h\u1ec5 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n, nh\u00e0 th\u1edd hay\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0l\u00ean th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n s\u1ebd x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ecm h\u00e3m s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u1ea5y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, s\u1ef1\u00a0ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1\u00a0ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t\u00a0c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u00a0b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m cho\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0h\u1ed3i sinh\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 su\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 \u1ea5y\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0sarnath v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ng\u1ee7 qu\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i\u00a0th\u1eddi gian. Qua s\u1ef1\u00a0t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u\u00a0tr\u00ean,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 8 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 18,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua\u00a0c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111i t\u1eeb\u00a0suy t\u00e0n\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ho\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t. Kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0th\u1eddi gian\u00a0\u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0th\u1eddi suy\u00a0t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath tuy b\u1ecb ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i, b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n \u00e1p v\u00e0 che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u1ecf d\u1ea1i, c\u00e2y r\u1eebng&#8230; nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u1ea9n ch\u1ee9a trong l\u00f2ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng tranh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0v\u00f4 gi\u00e1\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Do v\u1eady v\u00e0o v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 18, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o\u00a0th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean\u00a0v\u00e0o n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 khai th\u00e1c t\u00ecm\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 c\u1eeda,\u00a0dinh th\u1ef1&#8230;\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh\u00a0\u1ea5y, n\u0103m 1798, ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath l\u00e0 khu\u00a0di t\u00edch\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m\u00a0m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Khu di tich Sarnath b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c khai qu\u1eadt kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Alexander Cunningham, nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0kh\u00e1c. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng\u00a0n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n, ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p, tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1, bia k\u00ed&#8230;. v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tranh, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t&#8230;.. nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n, g\u00f3p m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i quan tr\u1ecdng cho\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1\u00a0quan t\u00e2m\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\u00a0tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c&#8230;. t\u00ecm v\u1ec1\u00a0chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y ch\u01b0a l\u00e0m cho\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y\u00a0h\u1ed3i sinh.\u00a0Th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath th\u1eadt s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ed3i sinh, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn qua s\u1ef1\u00a0xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Dharmapala. Ng\u00e0i Dharmapala l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0danh T\u0103ng\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0Srilanka trong\u00a0phong tr\u00e0o\u00a0ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n\u00a0ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y; Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng ra\u00a0v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp\u00a0h\u1ed9i Mahabodhi\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i l\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng t\u1eeb trong tay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o. N\u0103m 1891, ng\u00e0i Dharmapala \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y\u00a0c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n\u00a0c\u1ee7a khu\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.\u00a0\u0110au l\u00f2ng\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3nh\u00a0\u1ea5y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n\u00a0\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y\u00a0v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed\u00a0kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0quan t\u00e2m\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9. Ri\u00eang\u00a0b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\u00a0Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0v\u1eadn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0ngay c\u1ea1nh\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 ghi \u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea5y t\u00ean Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean cho m\u1ed9t\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111em\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt\u00a0khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf Taxila, Nagarjuni Konda hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd trong ch\u00f9a n\u00e0y.\u00a0C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed\u00a0c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u00e0y v\u00e0\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath v\u00e0\u00a0c\u00f9ng chung\u00a0lo\u00a0Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1\u00a0g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.\u00a0Cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0ng\u00e0y nay\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0c\u00f9ng\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed\u00a0n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7;\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n m\u00ecnh sau gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 ng\u00e0n thu v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i,\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0hi\u1ec7n nay. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 qui t\u1ee5 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i,\u00a0t\u1ee5ng kinh,\u00a0t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i l\u00f2ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u00e2m vang c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf\u00a0trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u01b0\u1eddn\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang, t\u00fa l\u1ec7 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh nh\u1eefng ch\u00fa nai g\u1eb7m c\u1ecf\u00a0hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Theo\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c K\u00ed, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 7, l\u00fac ng\u00e0i\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac: t\u1eeb c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0huy ho\u00e0ng do vua A-d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb\u00a0ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0l\u1ea7u c\u00e1c\u00a0tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7\u00a0qui m\u00f4, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 b\u00f3ng lo\u00e1ng\u00a0s\u1eebng s\u1eefng&#8230;\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m 500 v\u1ecb\u00a0B\u00edch Chi Ph\u1eadt\u00a0nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v.v&#8230;\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/us.f561.mail.yahoo.com\/ym\/ShowLetter?box=Sent&amp;MsgId=8389_8054580_49969_610_23998_0_6872_77272_901546139&amp;bodyPart=2&amp;tnef=&amp;YY=88131&amp;y5beta=yes&amp;y5beta=yes&amp;order=down&amp;sort=date&amp;pos=0&amp;view=a&amp;head=b&amp;ViewAttach=1&amp;Idx=0#04000001#04000001\"><sup><u>1<\/u><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t\u00a0trang nghi\u00eam\u00a0v\u00e0 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh; th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 XII th\u00ec h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u00a0v\u00f4 gi\u00e1\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u00a0kh\u00e1t m\u00e1u hung t\u00e0n.\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng\u00a0di t\u00edch\u00a0c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0\u00a0m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng nh\u00e2n\u00a0v\u00f4 gi\u00e1\u00a0cho h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0di t\u00edch\u00a0quan tr\u1ecdng hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Trong\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua Asoka\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0(tu vi\u1ec7n,\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0, tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1, bia k\u00ed&#8230; ) c\u00f3 l\u1ebd, nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0 c\u00f3\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a\u00a0h\u01a1n c\u1ea3. Qua nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1\u00a0v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u00a0c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m nh\u1eefng\u00a0h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 kh\u1eafc nh\u1eefng\u00a0b\u00e0i kinh, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5&#8230; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1eadt\u00a0v\u00f4 gi\u00e1\u00a0l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng cho\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m qua. Trong\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1\u00a0nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u1ea5y, t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00e2m-t\u00ec-ni v.v&#8230; th\u00ec tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf Sarnath,\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a\u00a0nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 cao 15,25 m\u00e9t, tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed1n con\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed\u00a0b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea5t oai h\u00f9ng nh\u00ecn ra\u00a0b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ph\u1ea7n th\u00e2n tr\u1ee5 tr\u00f2n thon v\u00e0\u00a0th\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 71 cm, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u00ean tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 56 cm. Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 sa th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1eb7t bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0i b\u00f3ng lo\u00e1ng;\u00a0v\u00ec v\u1eady\u00a0tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua\u00a0h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m, b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 v\u00f9i ch\u00f4n trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nay\u00a0v\u1ea9n s\u00e1ng ch\u00f3i, kh\u00f4ng ai ng\u1edd l\u00e0 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ea5y ngh\u00ecn n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n nh\u01b0 x\u01b0a n\u1eefa m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u1ea3y l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u \u0111o\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd trong nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn hung t\u00e0n \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XII, qu\u00e2n kh\u00e1t m\u00e1u\u00a0H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y\u00a0tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y.\u00a0G\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n g\u00e3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n, ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Tr\u00ean th\u00e2n tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua A-d\u1ee5c kh\u1eafc ba ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 b\u1eb1ng k\u00ed t\u1ef1 Brahmi, n\u00e9t ch\u1eef h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0\u00a0r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1ed9t trong ba ch\u1ec9 d\u1ee5 \u1ea5y kh\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia r\u1ebd. D\u00f9 t\u0103ng hay ni, ai chia r\u1ebd\u00a0t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i m\u1eb7t \u00e1o tr\u1eafng (b\u1ea1ch y\u00a0c\u01b0 s\u0129) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21594,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"422\" class=\"wp-image-21594\" title=\"truda_aduc_dung_sarnath\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/truda-aduc-dung-sarnath1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/truda-aduc-dung-sarnath1.jpg 563w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/truda-aduc-dung-sarnath1-465x349.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00a0<em><sup>2<\/sup>\u00a0Sau khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n,\u00a0X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ph\u00e2n chia\u00a0l\u00e0m t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n cho t\u00e1m v\u1ecb\u00a0qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0t\u00f4n th\u1edd \u1edf m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em><sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0J. Nehru, the Asoka Chkra and the National Flag of India, Asoka 2300, H.B. Chowdhury (ed), Calcutta<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em><sup>4<\/sup>\u00a0Xem TSPL s\u1ed1 43, V\u1ec1 L\u1ea1i C\u1ed9i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>1. Xem\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c K\u00ed, Quy\u1ec3n th\u1ee9 7, TT. Th\u00edch Nh\u01b0 \u0110i\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>2. Xem S\u0111d.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>3. M\u00f9i H\u01b0\u01a1ng Tr\u1ea7m, T\u1eadp II: Su\u1ed1i ngu\u1ed3n\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang, Tr.49,50. Nguy\u1ec5n T\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1ch.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>4. Xem Kinh\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m, Kinh\u00a0\u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3n\u00a0Duy\u00ean, TT Tu\u1ec7 S\u0129\u00a0d\u1ecbch v\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>5. Kinh\u00a0Trung\u00a0A H\u00e0m,\u00a0Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn V\u01b0\u01a1ng, Tr.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>7. Thi\u1ec7n Ph\u00fac,\u00a0Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac\u00a0Ti\u1ec3u Du K\u00ed, Tr.32<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>8. Xem Samuel Beal, Buddhist Recordeds Of the Western World, First Published 1884, Printed in India, Part II, Book VII, p.45,46.\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>, 1997: p.165-168.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>*\u00a0<strong>C\u00e1c ch\u00f9a v\u00e0\u00a0t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n\u00a0g\u1ea7n\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath \u1eaft h\u1eb3n kh\u00f4ng ai kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Mulagandhakuti. Ch\u00f9a n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t b\u00ean\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath, do ng\u00e0i Dharmapala, m\u1ed9t\u00a0danh T\u0103ng\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0(nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1edbc)\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1931. Ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o\u00a0theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Srilanka, nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ed9i\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0l\u1edbn tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0nh\u01b0 Anh qu\u1ed1c,\u00a0Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n&#8230; t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3\u00a0ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o\u00a0n\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0\u00fd ngh\u0129a,\u00a0xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, to l\u1edbn v\u00e0\u00a0trang nghi\u00eam. Ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0g\u1ea7n\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eadc\u00a0danh t\u0103ng\u00a0Dharmapala\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng,\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9&#8230; h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u00f2n th\u1edd\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.\u00a0X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong l\u00fac kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u1edf Taxila, Nagarjuni Konda, do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7. C\u1ea3m ni\u1ec7m\u00a0c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Dharmapala, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1\u00a0quan t\u00e2m\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ebfn t\u1eb7ng\u00a0X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0n\u00e0y cho ch\u00f9a.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>H\u1eb1ng n\u0103m v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a,\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u01b0\u1edbc qua nh\u1eefng\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Sarnath. \u0110\u00e1m r\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c\u00a0long tr\u1ecdng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0trang nghi\u00eam, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0tham d\u1ef1\u00a0c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft\u00a0ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed\u00a0\u1edf c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a\u00a0xung quanh\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch, nh\u01b0:\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9,\u00a0T\u00edch Lan,\u00a0Trung Qu\u1ed1c,\u00a0Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n&#8230;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean ch\u00f9a Mulagandhakuti\u00a0c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang t\u1eeb Srilanka sang, \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0\u00a0h\u1eadu th\u00e2n\u00a0th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 thi\u00eang t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng.<a href=\"http:\/\/us.f561.mail.yahoo.com\/ym\/ShowLetter?box=Sent&amp;MsgId=8389_8054580_49969_610_23998_0_6872_77272_901546139&amp;bodyPart=2&amp;tnef=&amp;YY=88131&amp;y5beta=yes&amp;y5beta=yes&amp;order=down&amp;sort=date&amp;pos=0&amp;view=a&amp;head=b&amp;ViewAttach=1&amp;Idx=0#04000004#04000004\"><sup><u>4<\/u><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111ang thuy\u1ebft\u00a0b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean\u00a0v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u0103m anh em Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 ng\u1ed3i\u00a0xung quanh\u00a0\u0111ang l\u1eafng nghe,\u00a0t\u01b0 duy\u00a0v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p\u00a0T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf&#8230; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng\u00a0nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Mulagandhakuti kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0\u1edf Sarnath, \u1edf\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Sirilanka&#8230; m\u00e0 c\u00f2n\u00a0vang danh\u00a0tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Mulagandhakuti,\u00a0xung quanh\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u00f9a v\u00e0\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng,\u00a0Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Th\u00e1i Lan,\u00a0Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v.v&#8230; m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0r\u1ea5t\u00a0trang nghi\u00eam,\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n\u00a0cho\u00a0truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng\u00a0tu t\u1eadp\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a\u00a0c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh&#8230; t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0m cho\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>D\u00f2ng\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng\u00a0v\u1eabn\u00a0l\u1eb7ng l\u1ebd\u00a0\u00eam tr\u00f4i gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u0103n minh\u00a0c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh; \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e0nh Ba-la-n\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi vang v\u1ecdng;\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath c\u0169ng qua r\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi\u00a0ho\u00e0ng kim\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\u00a0ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh\u00a0c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ebf v\u01b0\u01a1ng; c\u0169ng\u00a0gi\u1ea3 t\u1eeb\u00a0s\u1ef1 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i kh\u00e1t m\u00e1u v\u00e0 hung t\u00e0n; \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn nay\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1\u00a0h\u1ed3i sinh\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath ch\u00ednh l\u00e0\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u00a0qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc n\u00f4i h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh\u00a0Tam b\u1ea3o\u00a0gi\u1eeda\u00a0th\u1ebf gian.\u00a0Ch\u00fang ta\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb\u00a0bi v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u00a0trong\u00a0ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp\u00a0t\u1eebng\u00a0tu t\u1eadp\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1o B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t trong lo\u00e0i nai; \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafng l\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f3n nh\u1eadn\u00a0d\u01b0 \u00e2m\u00a0c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n\u00a0ch\u00e2n l\u00fd\u00a0tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u\u00a0hay\u00a0con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng trung \u0111\u1ea1o\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i \u0111\u00fang h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1eefa\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5\u00a0m\u1ed9t\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang, n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp\u00a0Ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0c\u00f3\u00a0n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a\u00a0tu t\u1eadp\u00a0v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc\u00a0gi\u1eefa\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y tang th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0\u00a0bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u00a0n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><em>Th\u00edch Qu\u1ea3ng Ph\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><sup>1<\/sup>\u00a0<em>Xem Samuel Beal, Buddhist Recordeds Of The western World, First Published 1884, Printed in India, Part II, Book VII, p.45-46.<\/em>\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh b\u1ed1n con\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed\u00a0nh\u00ecn ra\u00a0b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0r\u1ea5t oai h\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0xem nh\u01b0\u00a0qu\u1ed1c b\u1ea3o\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong vi\u1ec7n\u00a0b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0\u1edf Sarnath. D\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n con\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed\u00a0l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh c\u00e1i tr\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m kh\u1eafc\u00a0xung quanh\u00a0h\u00ecnh b\u1ed1n con v\u1eadt:\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed, voi, b\u00f2 v\u00e0 ng\u1ef1a; gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n con th\u00fa \u1edf\u00a0b\u1ed1n h\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m h\u00ecnh b\u1ed1n b\u00e1nh xe\u00a0ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n.\u00a0H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m qu\u1ed1c huy c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac l\u00ean tr\u00ean c\u00e1c\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n\u00a0\u1ea4n.\u00a0\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u00a0l\u00e0\u00a0h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0b\u00e1nh xe\u00a0ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m\u00a0bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0v\u00e0 in tr\u00ean qu\u1ed1c k\u00ec tung bay tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0d\u0169ng m\u00e3nh\u00a0c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb\u00a0th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Jawaharlal Nehru:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u201c<em>Quy\u1ebft ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng qu\u1ed1c k\u00ec c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0s\u1ebd g\u1ed3m ba d\u00e3i m\u00e0u: v\u00e0ng ngh\u1ec7, tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 xanh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y \u0111\u1eadm n\u1eb1m ngang c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i nhau. Gi\u1eefa d\u00e3i m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe m\u00e0u xanh n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n,\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng\u00a0cho Chakra. M\u1eabu b\u00e1nh xe n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y theo m\u1eabu b\u00e1nh xe n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh\u00a0s\u01b0 t\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua A-d\u1ee5c t\u1ea1i Sarnath&#8230; khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i\u00a0c\u1ee7a A-d\u1ee5c, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n A-d\u1ee5c v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0qu\u1ed1c gia\u00a0nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n khi m\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1edfi \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc xa x\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo l\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb x\u1ee9 gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, c\u1ee7a\u00a0thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0v\u0103n h\u00f3a.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>*\u00a0<strong>Dharmarajika Stupa (th\u00e1p Dharmarajika):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu th\u00e1p Chaukhandi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u00a0g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u0103m anh em Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0, th\u00ec th\u00e1p Dharmarajika \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Sau khi th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u00f5i\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ea1o ch\u00faa hung t\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua\u00a0h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf A-d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch\u00a0to\u00e0n th\u1ec3\u00a0th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh\u00a0qui y Tam b\u1ea3o\u00a0v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng theo\u00a0tinh th\u1ea7n\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu th\u1eadp t\u00e1m ph\u1ea7n\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/us.f561.mail.yahoo.com\/ym\/ShowLetter?box=Sent&amp;MsgId=8389_8054580_49969_610_23998_0_6872_77272_901546139&amp;bodyPart=2&amp;tnef=&amp;YY=88131&amp;y5beta=yes&amp;y5beta=yes&amp;order=down&amp;sort=date&amp;pos=0&amp;view=a&amp;head=b&amp;ViewAttach=1&amp;Idx=0#04000002#04000002\"><sup><u>2<\/u><\/sup><\/a>\u00a0b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0l\u1ea1i, sau \u0111\u00f3 chia th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n v\u00e0 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, cho\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0l\u1ec5 b\u00e1i. Th\u00e1p Dharmarajika l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21593,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"315\" height=\"420\" class=\"wp-image-21593\" title=\"sarnath_dhamekhastupa2\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/sarnath-dhamekhastupa21.jpg\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Theo s\u1eed c\u00e1c s\u1eed li\u1ec7u Sarnath, v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1794, \u00f4ng Jagat Singh, m\u1ed9t\u00a0t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3\u00a0\u1ea4n gi\u00e1o, \u1edf Ba-la-n\u1ea1i. Trong l\u00fac x\u00e2y\u00a0dinh th\u1ef1\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1edf g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, trong khi \u0111\u00e0o g\u1ea1ch \u1edf th\u00e1p n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3\u00a0t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y\u00a0m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p \u0111\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ef1ng\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0tro, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0tro c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Theo\u00a0nghi th\u1ee9c\u00a0c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0tro n\u00e0y th\u1ea3 xu\u1ed1ng d\u00f2ng\u00a0s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ba th\u00e1p ch\u00ednh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c th\u00e1p nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n th\u00e1p kh\u00e1c trong\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>C\u0103n\u00a0c\u1ee9 theo\u00a0n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng\u00a0v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0Dharmarajika, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5\u00a0cho bi\u1ebft\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y theo h\u00ecnh b\u00e1n c\u1ea7u, m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u00a0\u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc\u00a0theo ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt th\u00e1p c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.\u00a0N\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng\u00a0hi\u1ec7n nay c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh 13,5 m\u00e9t. Ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0n\u00e0y\u00a0ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a\u00a0\u1eaft h\u1eb3n cao l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u00e0 h\u00f9ng v\u0129 l\u1eafm. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfc thay d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1eddi gian, nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn tranh k\u00ec th\u1ecb\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0o x\u1edbi l\u1ea5y g\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 t\u00ecm\u00a0c\u1ed5 v\u1eadt\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8230; ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n g\u1ea1ch l\u1edbn h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hoa v\u0103n\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n\u00a0x\u00f3t l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i\u00a0n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng,\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng minh\u00a0cho s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t khu\u00a0th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>* Asoka Pillar (Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 vua Asoka):<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>*\u00a0<strong>Chaukhandi Stupa (Th\u00e1p Chaukhandi):<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Sau khi\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc\u00a0V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1\u00a0t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1-\u0111\u1ea1o-tr\u00e0ng,\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u00a0\u0111\u00e3\u00a0l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ebfn Sarnath \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p,\u00a0h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9\u00a0n\u0103m anh em Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang, n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u00a0g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u0103m anh em Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0h\u00ecnh\u00a0b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c\u00a0t\u00ean l\u00e0 Chaukhandi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:image {\"id\":21592,\"sizeSlug\":\"full\",\"linkDestination\":\"none\"} --><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"563\" height=\"422\" class=\"wp-image-21592\" title=\"thap_chaukhandi\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/thap-chaukhandi1.jpg\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/thap-chaukhandi1.jpg 563w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/thap-chaukhandi1-465x349.jpg 465w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 563px) 100vw, 563px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><!-- \/wp:image --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Theo s\u1ef1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, th\u00e1p Chaukhandi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0v\u00e0o\u00a0th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Gupta (th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 IV \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 VI sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch). Th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i n\u0103m anh em Ki\u1ec1u-tr\u1ea7n-nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u00eanh \u0111\u00f3n\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Trong\u00a0c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i\u00a0ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0x\u01b0a nay, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u00e1p Chaukhandi c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 nh\u1ea5t. Th\u00e1p c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh\u00a0b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c\u00a0l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t cao,\u00a0xung quanh\u00a0khu \u0111\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch.\u00a0Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Theo s\u1ef1\u00a0bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u1eddi gian, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua\u00a0nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i&#8230; ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t v\u00e0 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>T\u00ecm trong k\u00ed s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i\u00a0Huy\u1ec1n Trang\u00a0(\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c K\u00ed) c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c s\u1eed li\u1ec7u\u00a0li\u00ean quan,\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1\u00a0m\u00f4 t\u1ea3\u00a0n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0trong\u00a0th\u1eddi gian\u00a0ban \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1p Chaukhandi\u00a0ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a\u00a0c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng g\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>B\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh\u00a0b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c\u00a0m\u00e0\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1588, do Govardhan, con trai c\u1ee7a Raja Todarmal (m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f4ng \u1edf\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9)\u00a0ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m\u00a0ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o. Govardhan\u00a0ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o\u00a0ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m chuy\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf\u00a0M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5\u00a0Humayun (1508-1556).\u00a0V\u00ec v\u1eady\u00a0ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p h\u00ecnh\u00a0b\u00e1t gi\u00e1c\u00a0theo ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a\u00a0M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5. Ng\u00e0y nay ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0tr\u00f9ng tu\u00a0l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 y\u00ean t\u1ec9nh.\u00a0Xung quanh\u00a0khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e1c th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf v\u00e0 c\u00e2y xanh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u00a0c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u00e1p Dhamekh, h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m,\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0Chaukhandi lu\u00f4n \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m\u00a0ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i,\u00a0t\u1ee5ng kinh,\u00a0t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0kinh h\u00e0nh\u00a0su\u1ed1t n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u00a0uy nghi\u00eam\u00a0v\u00e0 to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p Dhamekh l\u00e0\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean thu h\u00fat\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0nh\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0n\u1ed5i b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t trong\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0n\u00e0y. Th\u00e1p Dhamekh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0v\u00e0o n\u0103m 300 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0vua A-d\u1ee5c. Chi\u1ec1u cao c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i\u00a0l\u00e0 31,1 m\u00e9t; v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 28,3 m\u00e9t, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t cao, c\u00e0ng l\u00e0m cho ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0tr\u1edf n\u00ean h\u00f9ng v\u0129 v\u00e0\u00a0trang nghi\u00eam\u00a0h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Theo\u00a0truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft\u00a0th\u00ec\u00a0l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0v\u1edbi k\u00edch th\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n\u00a0hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng theo\u00a0th\u1eddi gian, qua l\u00f2ng\u00a0t\u1ecbnh t\u00edn\u00a0c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4 \u0111\u1eafp v\u00e0\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0th\u00eam l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt,\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0nay th\u00ec ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0tr\u1edf n\u00ean cao l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Xung quanh\u00a0ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0Dhamekh, c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 10 m\u00e9t, c\u00f3 t\u00e1m b\u1ec7 l\u1edbn th\u1edd\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1edd trong c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 k\u00edch c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt&#8230;\u00a0tuy nhi\u00ean\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt\u00a0tr\u00ean c\u00e1c b\u1ec7 \u1ea5y ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0th\u1edd\u00a0x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba\u00a0thi\u00eang li\u00eang\u00a0n\u00ean\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean\u00a0th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u00a0tr\u1edf v\u1ec1\u00a0\u0111\u1ec3\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5,\u00a0t\u1ee5ng kinh,\u00a0h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec5u\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0kinh h\u00e0nh\u00a0su\u1ed1t n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>6. Nh\u1eefng\u00a0di t\u00edch\u00a0quan tr\u1ecdng \u1edf\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>5. Th\u1eddi k\u00ec\u00a0h\u1ed3i sinh\u00a0v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>4.\u00a0Th\u1eddi suy\u00a0t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath:<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>N\u1ebfu\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n huy ho\u00e0ng (t\u1eeb th\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII), th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n n\u0103m b\u1ecb\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n, l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00f4n v\u00f9i trong c\u00e1t b\u1ee5i. T\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 VIII \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII,\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a Sarnath l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng trang s\u1eed\u00a0bi th\u01b0\u01a1ng. Th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 VIII tr\u1edf \u0111i,\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y s\u1ef1\u00a0tu t\u1eadp\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; l\u1ea1i th\u00eam c\u00e1c\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0l\u00fac \u1ea5y\u00a0do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua theo \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o cai tr\u1ecb, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho x\u00e2y nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o s\u1ef1 l\u1ea5n \u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o. S\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\u00a0c\u1ee7a vua quan,\u00a0qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang&#8230; \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho Sarnath ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng\u00a0mai m\u1ed9t\u00a0v\u00e0 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>.\u00a0T\u1ef3 kheo\u00a0Bala v\u00e0 Pusyabuddhi thu\u1ed9c\u00a0gia \u0111\u00ecnh\u00a0ho\u00e0ng gia. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3\u00a0h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i\u00a0nh\u1eefng\u00a0Th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0chi\u00eam b\u00e1i.\u201d (6). Qua nh\u1eefng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath d\u01b0\u1edbi tri\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a vua Kanishka r\u1ea5t h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i\u00a0qui ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0t\u1eeb vua, quan,\u00a0cho \u0111\u1ebfn\u00a0m\u1ecdi th\u1ea7n d\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng 200 n\u0103m sau th\u1eddi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi vua Asoka (A D\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u01a1ng) (304-269 BC), m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Vua Asoka kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111em\u00a0gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng\u00a0trong \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Sau khi\u00a0v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf\u00a0thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m chinh ph\u1ea1t, ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ea7y\u00a0t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 quay \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1\u00a0Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p;\u00a0t\u1eeb b\u1ecf\u00a0\u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng\u00a0c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua hung t\u00e0n \u201c\u00c1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng A D\u1ee5c\u201d \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0v\u1ecb vua\u00a0th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n\u00a0\u201cH\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p A D\u1ee5c\u201d,\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua\u00a0n\u1ed5i danh\u00a0nh\u1ea5t\u00a0trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Vua Asoka \u0111\u00e3\u00a0ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m\u00a0\u0111i\u00a0\u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5\u00a0t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o,\u00a0\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi\u00a0cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0ki\u1ebfn l\u1eadp\u00a0v\u00f4 s\u1ed1\u00a0c\u00e1c\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p,\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n, ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n, tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1, bia k\u00ed\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p.\u00a0L\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0cho bi\u1ebft\u00a0c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 84000 ng\u00f4i\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o\u00a0tr\u00ean to\u00e0n l\u1ea3nh th\u1ed5\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9; h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng\u00a0di t\u00edch\u00a0nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3o\u00a0th\u00e1p,\u00a0tu vi\u1ec7n, tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1\u2026\u00a0\u1edf Sarnath hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u00a0x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng\u00a0d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vua Asoka. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y\u00a0ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf\u00a0r\u1eb1ng\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath th\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Asoka\u00a0\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9\u00a0h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng, v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u1ea5y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng\u00a0tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u00f5i\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Theo\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Th\u00edch Ca, sau khi chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadn b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ba ng\u00f4i b\u00e1u: Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0an c\u01b0\u00a0trong ba th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean,\u00a0thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng\u00a0ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p\u00a0gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t\u00a0cho\u00a0nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3\u00a0v\u00e2n du\u00a0kh\u1eafp\u00a0m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i\u00a0tr\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n, \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p,\u00a0gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a\u00a0\u0111\u1ed9 sanh. Tr\u00ean b\u00ean b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u00a0ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t\u00a0\u00edt khi\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0n\u00e0y.\u00a0Tuy nhi\u00ean\u00a0su\u1ed1t\u00a0cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi\u00a0c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, Sarnath \u0111\u00e3\u00a0tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh\u00a0m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u\u00a0trung t\u00e2m\u00a0h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt l\u1edbn\u00a0nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi\u00a0\u1ea5y, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng\u00a0v\u00e0\u00a0Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed\u00a0r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y\u00a0ch\u00fang ta\u00a0b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p qua l\u1eddi th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a\u00a0t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3\u00a0Anan. Sau khi nghe\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0tuy\u00ean\u00a0b\u1ed1\u00a0trong ba th\u00e1ng n\u1eefa s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n t\u1ea1i r\u1eebng\u00a0c\u00e2y\u00a0Ta la\u00a0song th\u1ecd, thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh Kusinagar, \u0111\u1ee9c Anan \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ea5n l\u1ec7 th\u01b0a r\u1eb1ng: \u201cB\u1ea1ch\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh l\u1edbn kh\u00e1c. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 Chi\u00eam-b\u00e0, hai l\u00e0 X\u00e1-v\u1ec7, ba l\u00e0 B\u1ec7-x\u00e1-ly, b\u1ed1n l\u00e0\u00a0V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1, n\u0103m l\u00e0 Ba-la-n\u1ea1i, s\u00e1u l\u00e0 Ca-t\u1ef3-la-v\u1ec7. Sao\u00a0Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u00a0kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01a1i \u1ea5y, m\u00e0\u00a0quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh\u00a0t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh?\u201d (5)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><strong>3. Th\u1eddi\u00a0ho\u00e0ng kim\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0th\u00e1nh t\u00edch\u00a0Sarnath:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>ch\u1ec9 thua kinh \u0111\u00f4\u00a0Tr\u01b0\u1eddng An\u00a0c\u1ee7a\u00a0Trung Qu\u1ed1c\u00a0v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 tu\u1ed5i 6000 n\u0103m kh\u1ea3 k\u00ednh. Kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 900\u00a0tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f2ng Arya c\u1ee7a\u00a0\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9\u00a0\u0111\u1ebfn Varanasi, bi\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kinh \u0111\u00f4 h\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1ec1\u00a0th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u00a0c\u0169ng nh\u01b0\u00a0t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng\u00a0h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt. V\u00e0 Varanasi ph\u1ed3n vinh t\u1edbi ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay,\u00a0tr\u1ea3i qua\u00a0g\u1ea7n 5000 n\u0103m\u00a0l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, trong l\u00fac nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n.\u201d (3)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"21532\" class=\"elementor elementor-21532\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-0cac788 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"0cac788\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-beb81e1\" data-id=\"beb81e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-00e6dc4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"00e6dc4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1374\" height=\"690\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/buddhist-pilgrimage-pap-rev.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large\" alt=\"buddhist-pilgrimage-pap-rev\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/buddhist-pilgrimage-pap-rev.jpg 1374w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/buddhist-pilgrimage-pap-rev-768x386.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/buddhist-pilgrimage-pap-rev-465x234.jpg 465w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/buddhist-pilgrimage-pap-rev-690x347.jpg 690w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/buddhist-pilgrimage-pap-rev-695x349.jpg 695w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/buddhist-pilgrimage-pap-rev-846x425.jpg 846w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1374px) 100vw, 1374px\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-94a1123 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"94a1123\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36055fb\" data-id=\"36055fb\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f0c1dea elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f0c1dea\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"19045\" class=\"elementor elementor-19045\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f8b8b8e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f8b8b8e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-509c7c7\" data-id=\"509c7c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-611697d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"611697d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Online &#8211; Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc 2022 : m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1ng webs , s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt , c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp. Ngo\u00e0i ra s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n tra c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home V\u01af\u1edcN L\u1ed8C UY\u1ec2N(Minh H\u1ea1nh\u00a0tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch\u00a0t\u1eeb en.wikipedia.org) Sarnath (c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Mrigadava, Migad\u00e0ya, Rishipattana, Isipatana)V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Gi\u1ea3 &#8211; Sarnath c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0\u00a0v\u01b0\u1eddn nai\u00a0n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p\u00a0l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho anh\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":21596,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[266],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-21591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tai-lieu-thanh-tich"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21591"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21591\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21610,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21591\/revisions\/21610"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21596"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21591"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21591"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=21591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}