![\"image\"\/](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/quantuong\/Quanbattinh_files\/batinh_722434224.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\n“B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, trong l\u00e0nh. Qu\u00e1n B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef7 m\u1ec9, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n A. M\u1ede \u0110\u1ec0<\/strong> 30\/09\/2009 08:51:00 HT. Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 12597 http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/quantuong\/Quanbattinh_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef: “B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, trong l\u00e0nh. Qu\u00e1n B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef7 m\u1ec9,\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2165,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-2164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-quan-tuong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2164"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2166,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2164\/revisions\/2166"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2164"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2164"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2164"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=2164"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Trong th\u1ebf gian n\u1ef3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tham s\u1ed1ng. S\u1ef1 tham s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u00e3nh li\u1ec7t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di truy\u1ec1n, ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb mu\u00f4n v\u1ea1n th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay. V\u00ec tham s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean ch\u00fang sinh t\u00ecm h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 trau d\u1ed3i th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 di truy\u1ec1n s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng. V\u00ec tham s\u1ed1ng n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng, phi l\u00fd v\u00e0 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn, x\u1ea5u xa m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u1edf chung quanh. V\u00ec tham s\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i hi\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e1p, gi\u00e0nh gi\u1ef1t, c\u01b0\u1edbp b\u00f3c, ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 khi c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u00edch n\u1eefa. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 tham s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, t\u00e1n ph\u00e1 vb\u00e0 ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c.
V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, c\u00e0ng tham s\u1ed1ng bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau. M\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee3 th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vui \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 ai s\u1ee3 ch\u1ebft m\u00e0 tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00e2u? \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1ng th\u00ec t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u00f3, l\u00f2ng tham s\u1ed1ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ta bi\u1ebft bao h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 tai h\u1ea1i, bu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3m, x\u1ea5u xa.
Nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng, th\u1eadt c\u00f3 qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, th\u1eadt c\u00f3 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng cho ch\u00fang ta tham lam, m\u1ebfn chu\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng.
\u0110\u1ec3 x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ch\u00fang ta th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n. Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ec7nh danh l\u00e0 “qu\u00e1n B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh”.
B. CH\u00c1NH \u0110\u1ec0
I. \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a<\/strong>
“B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, trong l\u00e0nh. Qu\u00e1n B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ef7 m\u1ec9, c\u00f9ng t\u1ed9t th\u00e2n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng.
II. QU\u00c1N B\u1ea4T T\u1ecaNH NH\u01af TH\u1ebe N\u00c0O?<\/strong>
Trong b\u00e0i th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a III, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft s\u01a1 qua v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i. Nh\u01b0ng trong b\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3, mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n x\u00e1c l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, th\u00ec v\u00e0o “thi l\u00e2m” (r\u1eebng b\u1ecf x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft) \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi bi\u1ebft m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i th\u00e2n B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1i ph\u1ea7n \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng, v\u00ec n\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n sau khi ch\u1ebft. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan ni\u1ec7m: “ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft”, th\u00ec “qu\u00e1n th\u00e2y ma” nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf ch\u01b0a ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng thu\u1ed1c m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Mu\u1ed1n cho h\u1ecd nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n, gh\u00ea t\u1edfm c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y t\u1eadn m\u1eaft c\u00e1i “B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh” c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u1eeb khi n\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y ho\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb trong cho \u0111\u1ebfn ngo\u00e0i, t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edbng. \u0110\u1ec3 s\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i ra l\u00e0m n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n, tu\u1eadn t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:
Qu\u00e1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh
Qu\u00e1n tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh
Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh
Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh
Qu\u00e1n chung c\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh
D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1ea3i r\u00f5 n\u0103m ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean
1. Qu\u00e1n ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 hay nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh. S\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Th\u00e2n ta v\u1eadt h\u1eefu vi d\u0129 nhi\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3.
Ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n: Ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c. Th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i dung ch\u1ee9a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh, d\u1eef c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9; v\u00ec th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c (t\u1ea1ng hay t\u00e0ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ee9a nh\u00f3m). Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft c\u00e1i t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c \u1ea5y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, v\u00e0 theo nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ef1c thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1eabn sanh \u1edf c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ea7m lu\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e2n \u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 sanh l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh
C\u00e1i t\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c hay th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y l\u1ebd d\u0129 nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e0o gi\u1edd trong s\u1ea1ch c\u1ea3, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft tinh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u00e2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o: tham, s\u00e2n, si. H\u1ec5 tham, s\u00e2n, si..l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4, l\u00e0 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh.
\u0110\u00e3 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh th\u00ec t\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm b\u1ea1n B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 k\u1ebft giao (\u0111\u1ed3ng thanh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng kh\u00ed t\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ea7u). Th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c n\u1ea7y, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e1 v\u00e0o, h\u00f2a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a hi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a tinh cha, huy\u1ebft m\u1eb9. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i thai m\u1edbi k\u1ebft t\u1ee5 v\u1eady. M\u00e0 tinh huy\u1ebft l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 hai ch\u1ea5t h\u00f4i tanh \u1edf trong con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. S\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i, ai ai c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5.
Xem th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, c\u00e1i \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n m\u1ea1ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1eeb tinh th\u1ea7n cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o v\u00e0 qu\u00ed chu\u1ed9ng.
Trong khi qu\u00e1n , h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng, t\u1eadp trung \u00fd l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u1ecf r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, d\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng tham luy\u1ebfn.
2. Qu\u00e1n tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean, ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, c\u00e1i thai hay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i h\u00f4i tanh, th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch. K\u1ebb x\u1ea5u xa, d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n th\u00ec t\u00ecm ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u xa, d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n m\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1ebd th\u01b0\u1eddng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, ch\u1ed7 \u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i thai m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u00e0o thai. C\u00e1i b\u00e0o thai, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i, ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u00e1u nh\u1edbt h\u00f4i tanh, d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n. C\u00e1i b\u00e0o thai n\u1eb1m l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n trong c\u00e1i b\u1ecdc b\u00e9 nh\u1ecf d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n \u1ea5y, nh\u01b0 trong m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ng\u1ee5c t\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0ng trong ng\u1ee5c, d\u00f9 sao c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng tr\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00ea d\u1ecbch, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1eeda th\u00f4ng h\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o. Ch\u1ee9 trong b\u00e0o thai th\u00ec c\u00e1i thai ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m co r\u00fat l\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eabm m\u00ecnh trong nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u00e1u v\u00e0 nh\u1edbt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng tanh h\u00f4i, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed hay \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o. C\u00e1i thai ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n hay m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00edn th\u00e1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0y m\u1edbi tho\u00e1t ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1ch g\u00ec, khi m\u1edbi ra ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f3c th\u00e9t l\u00ean…C\u1ee5 \u00d4n Nh\u01b0 H\u1ea7u Nguy\u1ec5n Gia Thi\u1ec1u th\u00ec b\u1ea3o n\u00f3…
“Kh\u00f3c v\u00ec n\u1ed7i thi\u1ebft tha s\u1ef1 th\u1ebf”,
“Ai b\u00e0y tr\u00f2 b\u00e3i b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2u”.
Nh\u01b0ng theo ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ngh\u0129, n\u00f3 kh\u00f3c v\u00ec thi\u1ebft tha cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ebf v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n, m\u00e0 kh\u00f3c v\u00ec t\u1ee7i c\u1ef1c, kh\u00f3c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1ef1 giam c\u1ea7m qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u l\u1eafc qu\u00e1 t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn, qu\u00e1 thi\u1ebfu v\u1ec7 sinh, qu\u00e1 m\u1ea5t “nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea9m” th\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi !
V\u1eady qu\u00e1n tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 B\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n l\u1ef1c \u00fd ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00e1i d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a b\u00e0o thai l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, h\u1ea7u d\u1eb9p l\u00f2ng r\u1ea1o r\u1ef1c ham mu\u1ed1n tham \u0111\u1eafm s\u1eafc th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
3. Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tho\u00e1t b\u00e0o thai m\u00e0 ra ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng kh\u00f3c, \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ed1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1c quan \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3nh, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c quan b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn b\u00ean trong \u1ea5y, th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, h\u00f4i h\u00e1m; do \u0111\u00f3, ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch. V\u1eady qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea1ch s\u1ebd, m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c , khi nh\u00ecn qua c\u00e1i h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a x\u00e1c th\u00e2n…
Trong m\u1ed7i th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft nh\u1eefng m\u1ed3 h\u00f4i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u00edn l\u1ed7 n\u1eefa, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y c\u0169ng ti\u1ebft ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp, h\u00f4i h\u00e1m, g\u1edbm ghi\u1ebfc. Ch\u00edn l\u1ed7 \u1ea5y l\u00e0: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ec3u, mi\u1ec7ng, hai l\u1ed7 tai, hai l\u1ed7 m\u0169i v\u00e0 hai con m\u1eaft. Ch\u00edn l\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec ch\u00edn “c\u00e1i c\u1ed1ng”, l\u1edbn c\u00f3, nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp trong ngo\u00e0i ra. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng, th\u00ec ch\u00edn l\u1ed7 c\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n d\u01a1 h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 c\u1ed1ng ta th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb n\u1eefa. Th\u1eadt th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t l\u1ed7 c\u1ed1ng d\u01a1 nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u, ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1eddm, m\u0169i, d\u00e3i, gh\u00e8n, nh\u1eefng \u00edt ra nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u1ea5y c\u0169ng c\u00f2n pha tr\u1ed9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y theo v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3; ch\u1ee9 ch\u00edn l\u1ed7 trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang ta, ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft r\u1eb7t nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng pha tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e3 nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u1ed7 c\u1ed1ng.
\u0110\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1edbi n\u00f3i khi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c \u0111ang c\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe, c\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1ng; ch\u1ee9 khi \u0111au \u1ed1m, gi\u00e0 nua th\u00e2n x\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eefa, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7 \u1ea5y t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t, hay t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea3y ra, th\u00ec l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng gh\u00ea gh\u1edbm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. Nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u1ea5y th\u00ec nh\u1eefng “nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t” n\u00f3i tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng h\u00f4i h\u00e1m, ung \u0111\u1ed9c kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gay g\u1eaft, kh\u00f3 th\u1edf h\u01a1n n\u1eefa.
Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i n\u00f3i tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 \u0111\u00e1ng. N\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh t\u00e2m m\u00e0 x\u00e9t, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang ta th\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1ng gh\u00ea t\u1edfm. Nh\u01b0ng \u00edt khi ch\u00fang ta th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, v\u00ec t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e2u ki\u1ebfp, v\u1edbi t\u00e1nh m\u00ea ch\u1ea5p, v\u1edbi t\u00e2m tham \u0111\u1eafm, nh\u00e3n quang c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n nhung l\u1ee5a ph\u1ee7 ngang, n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta tr\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb9p. V\u00e0 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ee9c m\u00e0n \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb x\u00e9 toang r\u1ed3i, s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt x\u1ea5u xa, d\u00f9 c\u00f3 b\u00e0y ra l\u1ed9 li\u1ec5u tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng b\u00e0ng ho\u00e0ng, kh\u00f4ng cho l\u00e0 th\u1eadt. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y sang ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c, cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00e2n n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi th\u00f4i.
4. Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y ch\u00edn l\u1ed7 c\u1ed1ng trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft bao l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp. V\u1eady ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn b\u00ean trong th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t li\u1ec7u c\u1ea5u k\u1ebft n\u00ean th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c ch\u00fang ta, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t c\u00e1i th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.
Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ba ch\u1ea5t:
Ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng: nh\u01b0 x\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u00f3c, l\u00f4ng, m\u00f3ng tay v.v…
Ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng: nh\u01b0 m\u00e1u, n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng, n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft v.v…
Ch\u1ea5t s\u1ec7t: (kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u1ecfng) nh\u01b0 m\u1ee1, \u00f3c, t\u1ee7y v.v…
Trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y, d\u00f9 c\u1ee9ng, hay l\u1ecfng c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 trong s\u1ea1ch.
V\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, nh\u01b0 t\u00f3c ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt m\u1ef9 quan \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u01b0ng di\u1ec7n tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u. Th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng ai c\u0169ng qu\u00fd n\u00f3. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng s\u0103n s\u00f3c n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chu \u0111\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng phu, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e2m c\u00e0i, l\u01b0\u1ee3t gi\u1eaft, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea3i chu\u1ed1t, g\u1ed9i r\u1eeda, x\u1ee9c \u01b0\u1edbp n\u01b0\u1edbc hoa, m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00ea tha cho n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do qu\u00e9t b\u1ee5i, t\u1ef1 do d\u1ea7m s\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e3i n\u1eafng, t\u1ef1 do r\u1ed1i n\u00f9i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u1ed5 ch\u1ee9ng cho tr\u1ee9ng ch\u00ed sinh n\u1edf, th\u00ec d\u00f9 cho kh\u00f4ng xua \u0111u\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e1m l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a n\u00f3i khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y hay r\u1eddi da \u0111\u1ea7u, r\u01a1i v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n hay v\u00e0o trong mi\u1ec7ng, th\u00ec th\u1eadt l\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. T\u00f3c l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 \u1edf n\u01a1i cao qu\u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ru\u1ed9t, gan v.v…l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh bi\u1ebft ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o?
V\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng, th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc mi\u1ebfng l\u00e0 s\u1ea1ch nh\u1ea5t, v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf trong mi\u1ec7ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lau ch\u00f9i s\u00fac r\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u00fac ra kh\u1ecfi mi\u1ec7ng, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c hay c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, r\u1ee7i b\u1ecb d\u00ednh v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t, v\u00e0o \u00e1o, th\u00ec ta li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecf r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 nh\u1eddm g\u1edbm ngay.
V\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t s\u1ec7t, th\u00ec n\u00e3o l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf trong \u0111\u1ea7u \u00f3c l\u00e0 n\u01a1i cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1eed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, khi ch\u00fang ta \u0111i xe h\u01a1i ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, r\u1ee7i b\u1ecb tai n\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u1ed3i b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ta b\u1ecb b\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u, n\u00e3o tr\u1eafng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eadu h\u1ee7 tung t\u00f3e v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta, th\u00ec ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh s\u1ebd ch\u1ebft gi\u1ea5c v\u00ec gh\u00ea t\u1edfm.
Ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n c\u1eed m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 tr\u00ean, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh nhi\u1ec1u n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u00fd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd nh\u1eddm g\u1edbm m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp n\u1eefa.
5. Qu\u00e1n chung c\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. Chung c\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i c\u00e1i giai \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u01b0 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi tr\u00fat h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. V\u1eady qu\u00e1n chung c\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft.
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 chung k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Trong kinh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o: Th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi do t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf d\u0129 nhi\u00ean khi ch\u1ebft, x\u00e1c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, l\u00e0 h\u01a1i th\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi phong \u0111\u1ea1i. K\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u01a1i \u1ea5m tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi h\u1ecfa \u0111\u1ea1i. Ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 v\u1edbi th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 s\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ecbt x\u01b0\u01a1ng…h\u00f3a d\u1eabn theo \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u1ea1i. Nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hai th\u1ee9 sau n\u00e0y, trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 m\u1ec1m h\u01b0, tan r\u00e3 th\u00ec th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ee9 g\u00ec nh\u01a1 nh\u1edbp, h\u00f4i h\u00e1m, ghe t\u1edfm h\u01a1n n\u1eefa. D\u00f9 cho x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eddi, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u0103m b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y ch\u01b0a k\u1ecbp t\u1ea9n li\u1ec7m, ch\u00f4n c\u1ea5t th\u00ec ta v\u1eabn gh\u00ea t\u1edfm, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecbt m\u0169i. S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt t\u00e0n nh\u1eabn n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01a1i b\u00e0y nhan nh\u1ea3n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i trong nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chi\u1ebfn tranh. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t t\u1eeb k\u1ebb sang \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e8n, t\u1eeb k\u1ebb gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00e8o, t\u1eeb k\u1ebb gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ebb, t\u1eeb k\u1ebb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ea5u, ai ai \u0111\u1ebfn giai \u0111o\u1ea1n chung c\u00e1nh n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i gi\u1ed1ng nhau: m\u00f9i h\u00f4i; m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 nhau: ch\u1ea5t th\u00fai. C\u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 r\u00f5 r\u00e0nh r\u00e0nh, t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y th\u00eam n\u1eefa. V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, trong b\u00e0i th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a t\u1eadp Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng kh\u00f3a th\u1ee9 ba, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i. N\u1ebfu qu\u00fd \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb, xin h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u0111o\u1ea1n \u1ea5y.
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, qua n\u0103m giai \u0111o\u1ea1n qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y: ch\u1ee7ng t\u1eed, tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9, t\u1ef1 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 chung c\u00e1nh, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quan ni\u1ec7m r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00e2n x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1eb5ng, t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ea7u thai \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb v\u00f9i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u00ed g\u00ec th\u01a1m s\u1ea1ch. D\u1ea7u c\u00f3 t\u00e0i h\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u1ee5y bi\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1i th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
III. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/strong>
C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi: T\u1ea1i sao trong khi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n v\u1ea1ch th\u00eam cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n nh\u1edbp nh\u00faa c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m g\u00ec? T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00e1i \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, trong s\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an \u1ee7i v\u00e0 qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o c\u00e1i x\u1ea5u xa c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1eddi th\u00eam ch\u00e1n ch\u01b0\u1eddng, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1ecdng khi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh?
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 “\u0110\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt”, \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u1eeba ph\u0129nh ch\u00fang sinh, l\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u xa l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, l\u1ea5y d\u1edf l\u00e0m hay, ho\u1eb7c tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i.
Th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1eebng bao gi\u1edd qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng: ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u01a1m s\u1ea1ch, \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y tai h\u1ecda l\u1edbn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi. V\u00ec l\u1ea7m t\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb qu\u00fd b\u00e1u, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00e2ng niu, c\u01b0ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch, kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u xa n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 n\u00f3; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng th\u00ec say m\u00ea, \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i, t\u00ecm m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c, l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u00ec s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea7m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, tham \u0111\u1eafm s\u1eafc th\u00e2n gi\u1ea3 d\u1ed1i \u1ea5y m\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ri\u00eang, \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea5u xa l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111en t\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng th\u00eam \u0111en t\u1ed1i.
L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1ea7m gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u1ea5y d\u1edf l\u00e0m hay, l\u1ea5y th\u00fai l\u00e0m th\u01a1m, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i th\u01a1m ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf r\u01a1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 v\u00ec tham \u0111\u1eafm cai\u00f3 x\u00e1c th\u00e2n nh\u1ecf h\u1eb9p, x\u1ea5u xa, ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i, m\u00e0 b\u1ecf m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n.
V\u1eady \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9 tan c\u00e1i m\u00e0n \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh bao b\u1ecdc x\u00e1c th\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m l\u1ed9 nguy\u00ean h\u00ecnh c\u00e1i x\u00e1c th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eafm m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea7m m\u1eaft v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb tu h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd, r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n h\u01a1n.
Nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng n\u00ean k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch sai l\u1ea7m r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, th\u1ed1i tha, th\u00ec h\u00e3y di\u1ec7t ngay n\u00f3 \u0111i, nh\u01b0 n\u0103m ch\u1ee5c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m, sau khi nghe Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. L\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e9t \u0111o\u00e1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c ! \u0110\u1eebng khinh trong t\u00fai \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01a1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ecdc, ch\u1edb cho trong b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0ng. Ch\u1edb n\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng trong th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u xa. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y: M\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh. Trong kinh L\u0103ng nghi\u00eam, Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i ph\u00e1t minh Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh “b\u1ea5t sinh di\u1ec7t” trong c\u00e1i sinh di\u1ec7t. Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh hay t\u00e1nh b\u1ea5t sinh di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a ta \u0111\u00f3. N\u00f3 th\u00ec v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t, l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n trong “b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh” m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1eabn thanh t\u1ecbnh.
Bi\u1ebft l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, m\u00e0 t\u00ecm ra c\u00e1i “t\u1ecbnh” c\u00e1i “th\u01b0\u1eddng”, \u1ea5y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ed5n \u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y.
C. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong>
Ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh; n\u00f3 n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n trong x\u00e1c th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u00fang sinh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o tham, s\u00e2n, si l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, ph\u1ec9nh g\u1ea1t n\u00ean say m\u00ea quay cu\u1ed3ng \u0111eo \u0111u\u1ed5i theo ng\u0169 tr\u1ea7n, l\u1ee5c d\u1ee5c, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh.
Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1eadn \u0111\u1ee9ng s\u1ef1 tham \u0111\u1eafm quay cu\u1ed3ng \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh. V\u1eady qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch:
\u0110\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb l\u00f2ng tham s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u00e1n \u0111\u1eddi, t\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t m\u00ecnh.
D\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi.
Nh\u01b0ng, v\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean n\u1eb1m s\u1eb5n trong t\u1ee7, ng\u1ecdc ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m kh\u01a1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t. Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh c\u0169ng v\u1eady: N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 hi\u1ebfn cho ta khi ta an nhi\u00ean ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee3i. V\u1eady k\u1ebb tu h\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u00e9p q\u00faan n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i gia c\u00f4ng tu luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i trau gi\u1ed3i ba \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh sau \u0111\u00e2y:
S\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t (tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7): \u0110\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 cho d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng l\u00e0m m\u1edd m\u1eaft, l\u1ea5y gi\u1ea3 l\u00e0n ch\u01a1n, l\u1ea5y x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p. \u0110\u1eebng h\u1eddih\u1ee3t nh\u00ecn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i s\u00e2u s\u1eafc nh\u00ecn h\u1eb3n v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong.
Th\u00e0nh th\u1eadt: Th\u1ea5y th\u01a1m th\u00ec n\u00f3i th\u01a1m, th\u1ea5y th\u1ed1i th\u00ec n\u00f3i th\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1eebng t\u1ef1 \u00e1i, \u0111\u1eebng thi\u00ean v\u1ecb, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t m\u1ef1c t\u00f4n th\u1edd s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, d\u00f9 s\u1ef1 \u1ea5y l\u00e0m cho ta \u0111au l\u00f2ng, bu\u1ed3n t\u1ee7i.
Ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn: Ph\u1ea3i b\u1ec1n t\u00e2m, tr\u00ec ch\u00ed, \u0111\u1eebng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng; \u0111\u1eebng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i m\u00e0 l\u00f9i b\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c g\u00ec t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p m\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 do \u1edf ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ba \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ta s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, trong ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"