![\"image\"\/](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/quantuong\/Quannhanduyen_files\/12nhanduyen_228769429.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nSao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean”? Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sanh ra m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t l\u00faa lam nh\u00e2n sanh ra c\u00e2y l\u00faa. Duy\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 g\u00edup tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n A. M\u1ede \u0110\u1ec0 30\/09\/2009 08:30:00 HT. Th\u00edch Thi\u1ec7n Hoa\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 9406 http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/quantuong\/Quannhanduyen_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef: Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean”? Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2173,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[73],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-2172","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-quan-tuong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2172"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2174,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2172\/revisions\/2174"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2173"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2172"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2172"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2172"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=2172"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 c\u00f3, cho n\u00ean sanh ra nhi\u1ec1u quan ni\u1ec7m sai l\u1ea7m. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 do t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean sanh. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i ngh\u0129 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 do m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n to\u00e0n tr\u00ed, t\u00f2an n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra v.v…
Theo \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u1ec9, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i, ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edd nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. N\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1eeb v\u1eadt l\u1edbn cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt nh\u1ecf, t\u1eeb v\u00e2th h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh cho \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f3. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, trong kinh Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: “Ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p t\u00f9ng duy\u00ean”.
S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu h\u00ecnh, hay n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng l\u1ec7 \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn c\u00e1i gu\u1ed3ng m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfp trong b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5 tr\u1ea7n gian, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00fd “Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean”. Sau khi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 l\u00fd th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u00eau ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng l\u1ea9n qu\u1ea9n sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i n\u1eefa.
Mu\u1ed1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1i v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y.
B. CH\u00c1NH \u0110\u1ec0
I. \u0110\u1ecaNH NGH\u0128A
Sao g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean”? Nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp sanh ra m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t l\u00faa lam nh\u00e2n sanh ra c\u00e2y l\u00faa. Duy\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng v\u1eadt g\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 g\u00edup tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp hay gi\u00e1n ti\u1ebfp cho v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 ph\u00e2n, n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng…l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean gi\u00fap cho h\u1ea1t l\u00faa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y l\u00faa. V\u1eady nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho c\u00e1c v\u1eadt l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho n\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eeba l\u00e0 tr\u1ee3 duy\u00ean cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 v\u1eadt chung quanh n\u00f3.
Ch\u1eef “Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean” l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai: C\u00e1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 “nh\u00e2n”, c\u00e1c “nh\u00e2n” \u0111\u00f3 “duy\u00ean” v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ra c\u00e1c v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0 v\u00f4i, g\u1ea1ch, ng\u00f3i, g\u1ed7 v.v…l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n, c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y duy\u00ean nhau (n\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00fap) m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ra c\u00e1i nh\u00e0. V\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u l\u1edbp l\u00e0m duy\u00ean cho nhau, m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ra v\u1eadt th\u1ebf n\u00e0y hay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c, n\u00ean trong kinh ch\u00e9p: “Ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi”.
II. TH\u00c0NH PH\u1ea6N C\u1ee6A NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN
\u0110o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: “C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p sanh”. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean g\u00ec sanh ra lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh”. V\u1eady nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sau \u0111\u00e2y:
1. V\u00f4 minh, 2. H\u00e0nh, 3. Th\u1ee9c, 4. Danh s\u1eafc, 5. L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, 6. X\u00fac, 7. th\u1ecd, 8. \u00c1i, 9. th\u1ee7, 10. H\u1eefu, 11. Sanh, 12. L\u00e3o t\u1ee7.
1. V\u00f4 minh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i:
a) Theo \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: “Kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh” (B\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ebf, v\u1ecb chi v\u00f4 minh).
b) Th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: “Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt (hi\u1ec3u sai l\u1ea7m), n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh” (B\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt tri ch\u01b0 \u0111\u1ebf l\u00fd, v\u1ecb chi v\u00f4 minh); nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt ng\u00e3, v\u00f4 ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p th\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v.v…
c) Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0: v\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1ng, t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, m\u1edd \u00e1m, si m\u00ea v.v…
V\u00f4 minh, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 khi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nh\u01b0 tham, s\u00e2n, si. X\u01b0a c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a h\u1ecfi:
Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh?
T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:
Qu\u00ea m\u00f9a d\u1ed1t n\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf, c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd !
\u00d4ng kh\u00e1ch n\u1ed5i gi\u1eadn, m\u1eb7t m\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecf b\u1eebng…T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp:
V\u00f4 minh l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 (ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1i s\u00e2n), \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.
V\u00f4 minh c\u00f3 khi ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang cho Si t\u00e2m s\u1edf. Nh\u01b0 n\u00f3i “\u0111\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 minh” hay “t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u00f4 minh” l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 ri\u00eang cho “si t\u00e2m s\u1edf”: Khi n\u00f3 kh\u1edfi ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh, ho\u1eb7c chung c\u0169ng v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, tham, s\u00e2n v.v…
V\u00f4 minh l\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n ra hai lo\u1ea1i: c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh. Nh\u01b0 trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, c\u00e1i “v\u00f4 minh” \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c sanh ra c\u00e1c v\u00f4 minh sau; c\u00f2n “\u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu” l\u00e0 chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh. Trong t\u1ee9 ho\u1eb7c, th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c, t\u01b0 ho\u1eb7c, tr\u1ea7n sa ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh; c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh. Trong ng\u0169 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba, th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba, d\u1ee5c \u00e1i tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba , s\u1eafc \u00e1i tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00e1i tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh, c\u00f2n v\u00f4 minh tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh.
N\u00f3i chung l\u1ea1u, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ho\u1eb7c th\u00f4, ho\u1eb7c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba hay Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, c\u00f3 t\u00e1nh c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m cho ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m b\u1ecb \u1ea9n, g\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 lu m\u1edd th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh.
2. H\u00e0nh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng , t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c. Do v\u00f4 minh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd, t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “h\u00e0nh”.
3. Th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c, ch\u1ec9 cho ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n. Do th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd, ba nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c nh\u1eefng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef n\u00ean khi ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eabn d\u1eaft th\u1ea7n th\u1ee9c \u0111i l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o (th\u00e2n) kh\u1ed5 hay vui \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau.
4. Danh s\u1eafc l\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3. Trong th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n:
a) Ph\u1ea7n tinh th\u1ea7n (t\u00e2m) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00ean k\u00eau g\u1ecdi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “danh”.
b) Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t c\u00ed h\u00ecnh s\u1eafc, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “s\u1eafc”.
5. L\u00fac nh\u1eadp, g\u1ecdi n\u00f4m na l\u00e0 s\u00e1u ch\u1ed7 v\u00e0o. Khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, c\u1ed1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u00e1u c\u0103n (m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd) l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n (s\u1eafc, thinh, h\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u1ecb, x\u00fac v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p) ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp”.
6. X\u00fac l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac. Trong s\u00e1u c\u0103n, ngo\u00e0i s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhau, nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u1eafc, tai ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng, m\u0169i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f9i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1ecb, th\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u1ea5m l\u1ea1nh, tr\u01a1n nh\u00e1m, \u00fd ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p tr\u1ea7n.
7. Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd. Khi s\u00e1u c\u0103n ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n, r\u1ed3i l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh vui hay bu\u1ed3n, s\u01b0\u1edbng hay kh\u1ed5, hay c\u1ea3nh binh th\u01b0\u1eddng.
8. \u00c1i l\u00e0 \u01b0a mu\u1ed1n. Khi l\u00e0nh th\u1ecd c\u1ea3nh vui th\u00ec sinh l\u00f2ng tham, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m sao cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, khi g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh kh\u1ed5 th\u00ec sanh t\u00e2m s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, mu\u1ed1n xa l\u00eca, g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh binh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eddi si m\u00ea. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd, taoc t\u00e1c c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p.
9. Th\u1ee7 l\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea5y, t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u; n\u00f3i r\u1ed9ng ra l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c. Do g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh thu\u1eadn th\u00ec tham c\u1ea7u, g\u1eb7p c\u1ea3nh ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i s\u00e2n, si mu\u1ed1n xa l\u00eca; m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y k\u1ebf n\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7 cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p sanh t\u1eed.
10. H\u1eefu l\u00e0 c\u00f3. V\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh hay d\u1eef do m\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra, th\u00ec \u0111\u1eddi sau quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i “c\u00f3” qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 hay vui m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn.
11. Sanh. L\u00e0 sanh ra. Do “\u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu” l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, cho n\u00ean qia \u0111\u1eddi sau, ph\u1ea3i sanh ra \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o.
12. L\u00e3o, t\u1eed. L\u00e0 gi\u00e0, ch\u1ebft. \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 sanh ra, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu c\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft v.v…
M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y li\u00ean quan m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u00e2n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1eeba l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n cho qu\u1ea3 sau, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t trong th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang sinh ph\u1ea3i m\u00e3i m\u00e3i xoay tr\u00f2n trong v\u00f2ng sanh t\u1eed.
III. PH\u01af\u01a0NG PH\u00c1P QU\u00c1N
Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m hai ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0: qu\u00e1n L\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n Ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t.
1. Qu\u00e1n l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n
L\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. S\u1ef1 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i:
a) Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i sanh kh\u1edfi c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 xa x\u00f4i, t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ec9. T\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ec9, v\u00ec v\u00f4 minh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m cho b\u1ea3n t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3n u\u1ea9n khu\u1ea5t, nh\u01b0 m\u00e2y \u00e1ng n\u00ean tr\u0103ng m\u1edd (v\u00f4 minh), do \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb t\u1eeb sanh kh\u1edfi (h\u00e0nh), th\u00e0nh ra c\u00f3 t\u00e2m (th\u1ee9c) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh, \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh (danh s\u1eafc); trong th\u00e2n ch\u00fang sinh c\u00f3 s\u00e1u c\u0103n l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a s\u00e1u tr\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng p\u1ea3hn \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o (l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp), r\u1ed3i c\u0103n, tr\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (x\u00fac) nhau sanh ra c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd (th\u1ecd), nh\u00e2n th\u1ecd sanh ra \u01b0a (\u00e1i), v\u00ec \u01b0a m\u1edbi gi\u1eef (th\u1ee7); do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 (h\u1eefu) sanh (sanh) v\u00e0 gi\u00e0, ch\u00ea\u00fd (l\u00e3o, t\u1eed).
\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u00f4 th\u1ec9, do v\u00f4 minh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng, t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh, r\u1ed3i c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sanh kh\u1edfi cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, v\u00e0 m\u00e3i m\u00e3i v\u1ec1 sau v.v…
b) Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean trong ba \u0111\u1eddi: qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 xoay v\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean trong th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, t\u1eeb hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecb lai. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai v\u00f2ng, v\u00f2ng n\u00e0y m\u00f3c v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng kia, v\u00f2ng kia m\u00f3c v\u00e0o v\u00f2ng n\u1ecd, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i manh, v\u00e0 li\u00ean quan c\u1ea3 ba \u0111\u1eddi: qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb lai. Nh\u01b0ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh (c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh) l\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, sinh ra qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y) l\u00e0 “th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd”; qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y) tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n (trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i) l\u00e0 “\u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu” (chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh); nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai(th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eddi sau) l\u00e0 “sanh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed). N\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, do m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c (v\u00f4 minh) n\u00ean t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p (h\u00e0nh), v\u00ec t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, nh\u00e2n ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p v.v…nh\u00e2n sanh qu\u1ea3, qu\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i sanh nh\u00e2n, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp trong ba \u0111\u1eddi, quanh qu\u1ea9n trong s\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i b\u00e1nh xe l\u0103n tr\u00f2n tr\u00ean s\u1ee3i d\u00e2y. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 b\u00e1nh xe th\u1eadt th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p; c\u00f2n b\u00e1nh xe m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u00ec v\u1eeba ch\u1ea1y t\u1edbi m\u00e0 v\u1eeba bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1i…li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp trong ba \u0111\u1eddi; qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.
c) Qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i. N\u1ebfu l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t ba \u0111\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0nh khi \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n (v\u00f4 minh) m\u00e0 kh\u1edfi v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m (h\u00e0nh) ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t (th\u1ee9c) c\u00e1c c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt (s\u1eafc); r\u1ed3i tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh v\u00e0o c\u0103n (l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp), c\u0103n l\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (x\u00fac) v\u1edbi tr\u1ea7n, sanh ra l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd (th\u1ecd), nh\u00e2n th\u1ecd sanh ra \u01b0a mu\u1ed1n (\u00e1i), t\u00edm c\u1ea7u (th\u1ee7), do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (h\u1eefu) r\u1ed3i theo nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o (sanh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed).
Ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ba ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 s\u1ebd r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t sau \u0111\u00e2y:
Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, c\u00f3 hai nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m nh\u01a1n v\u00e0 hai nh\u00f3m l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3: M\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 sanh, l\u00e3o, h\u1eefu).
V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda qu\u1ea3, th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i (g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb lai (g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 sanh, l\u00e3o t\u1eed).
“V\u00f4\u282dinh, h\u00e0nh” l\u00e0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh, “\u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu” l\u00e0 chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i “v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh” l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ec7t hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a “\u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu”, c\u00f2n “th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd” l\u00e0 c\u00e1i d\u1ecb danh c\u1ee7a “sanh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed”. N\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf l\u00e0 v\u00ec, n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1ed5i qua tr\u00e1o l\u1ea1i, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5: trong “\u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu”, c\u00f3 “v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh”, c\u00f2n trong “sanh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed” c\u00f3 “th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd”.
V\u00f4 minh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “ho\u1eb7c”; h\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “nghi\u1ec7p”; th\u1ee9c, danh s\u1eafc, l\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp, x\u00fac, th\u1ecd, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “kh\u1ed5”; \u00e1i thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “ho\u1eb7c”; th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “nghi\u1ec7p”; sanh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 “kh\u1ed5”.
HO\u1eb6C
KH\u1ed4 NGHI\u1ec6P
Xem b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3:
12 nh\u01a1n duy\u00ean li\u00ean quan 3 \u0111\u1eddi nh\u01a1n qu\u1ea3
1. NH\u01a0N (qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9)
1. V\u00f4 minh (ho\u1eb7c)
2. H\u00e0nh (nghi\u1ec7p
C\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh (c\u00f3 \u00e1i th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu)
2. QU\u1ea2 (hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i)
1. Th\u1ee9c
2. Danh s\u1eafc
3. L\u1ee5c nh\u1eadp
4. X\u00fac
5. Th\u1ecd
(kh\u1ed5) Th\u00e2n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i
3. NH\u01a0N (qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9)
1. A\u9a60(ho\u1eb7c)
2. Th\u1ee7 (nghi\u1ec7p)
3. H\u1eefu
Chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh (c\u00f3 v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh)
2. QU\u1ea2 (v\u1ecb lai)
1. Sanh
2. L\u00e3o, t\u1eed (kh\u1ed5)
Th\u00e2n v\u1ecb lai
2. Qu\u00e1n ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t
L\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. C\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n:
a) Di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 minh g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 (c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh). Trong ph\u1ea7n qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t tr\u00ean, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5: do v\u00f4 minh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh, do h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c v.v…V\u1eady th\u00ec b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, n\u1ebfu ta di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 minh, th\u00ec h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t, h\u00e0nh b\u1ecb di\u1ec7t th\u00ec th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v.v…Hay n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: do “m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c” n\u00ean t\u1ea1o “nghi\u1ec7p”, do t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean m\u1edbi ch\u1ecbu qu\u1ea3 “kh\u1ed5”. V\u1eady mu\u1ed1n h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5, l\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i di\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p, mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee9t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh.
Tr\u1eeb c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch:
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, v\u00ec th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1nh ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m do v\u00f4 minh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh, ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, n\u00ean c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb “sinh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 minh”, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m. Khi \u0111\u00e3 ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0 trong B\u00e1t nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m kinh c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p: “Ng\u00e0i Qu\u00e1n t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t khi \u0111i s\u00e2u v\u00e0o tr\u00ed B\u00e1t nhx Ba la m\u1eadt \u0111a r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u0103m u\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng, n\u00ean kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u1ed5 \u00e1ch…”. Hay nh\u01b0 trong kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p: “\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ecf ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1n t\u00e2m, th\u00ec m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ti\u00eau h\u1ebft”.
\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb ngay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00e2n t\u00e2m, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i tr\u1ea3i qua v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfp tu h\u00e0nh, khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0110\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c, d\u00f9ng tr\u00ed Kim cang ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “sanh t\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00f4 minh”, m\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 Di\u1ec7u gi\u00e1c (Ph\u1eadt ).
b) Di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 minh ng\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn (chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba, c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u1ea5p h\u1eb9p, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 hai b\u1eadc tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh ng\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn l\u00e0 “\u00e1i, th\u1ee7, h\u1eefu”. Khi ng\u00e0nh ng\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1eb7t r\u1ed3i, th\u00ec g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 b\u1ee5i tre m\u00e0 b\u1ecb x\u1eafn h\u1ebft c\u1ea3 m\u0103ng, th\u00ec s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u00e0n r\u1ee5i.
Di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh ng\u00e0nh ng\u1ecdn c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m hai ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n.
Qu\u00e1n l\u00fd: L\u00e0 d\u00f9ng l\u00fd l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 sanh ra, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt (kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu); b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7). \u0110\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7, th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng tham mu\u1ed1n (kh\u00f4ng \u00e1i). Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1n “h\u1eefu”, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn “th\u1ee7”, r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 “\u00e1i”. N\u1ebfu ba c\u00e1i nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i qu\u1ea3 “sanh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed” c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3.
Qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1: L\u00e0 y theo s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t r\u1ed3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u qu\u00e1n “\u00e1i” tr\u01b0\u1edbc, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn “th\u1ee7” v\u00e0 “h\u1eefu”. Kinh ch\u00e9p: “H\u1eefu \u00e1i sinh \u01b0u, h\u1eefu \u00e1i sinh \u00fay, v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u00e1i nh\u1ea1o h\u00e0 \u01b0u h\u00e0 \u00fay?”. ngh\u00e3i l\u00e0: B\u1edfi c\u00f3 tham mu\u1ed1n th\u00ec c\u00f3 lo s\u1ee3 g\u00ec? V\u00ec khi \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, sanh t\u00e2m tham mu\u1ed1n (\u00e1i), n\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c ra c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p (th\u1ee7), do \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i (h\u1eefu). B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng tham \u01b0a (kh\u00f4ng \u00e1i), th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 ( kh\u00f4ng th\u1ee7), v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u00ean ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i (kh\u00f4ng h\u1eefu). C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong kinh L\u0103ng nghi\u00eam Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y: “..Ch\u1ec9 khi c\u00e1c \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi v\u1ecdng ni\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, th\u00ec tham, s\u00e2n, si ch\u1eb3ng kh\u1edfi; tham, s\u00e2n, si kh kh\u1edfi th\u00ec s\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ea1o, d\u00e2m, v\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng sanh…”.
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c h\u1ebft (\u00e1i) th\u00ec nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 (th\u1ee7), nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u00ec kh\u1ed5 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n (h\u1eefu).
Trong b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p “qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1” n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft th\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t, l\u1ea1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i.
IV. HI\u1ec6U QU\u1ea2 C\u1ee6A PH\u00c1P M\u01af\u1edcI HAI NH\u00c2N DUY\u00caN
H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 sau khi th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y, th\u00ec s\u1ebd tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m si m\u00ea l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea3o: “S\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 \u1edf tam \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u01b0a h\u1eb3n l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebfu tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 th\u00f4i”. Xem th\u1ebf th\u00ec \u0111\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m si m\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t chi\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb tu h\u00e0nh.
H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f2n nh\u1edd ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y m\u00e0 s\u1ebd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c. Khi Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a gi\u00e1ng sinh, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tu h\u00e0nh nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 sanh h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \u1ea5y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ebfn khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1ng sinh, ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean nhi\u00e8u ng\u01b0\u1eddi y theo ph\u00e1p q\u00faan n\u00e0y tu h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c” (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 nh\u1edd qu\u00e1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean).
Ch\u1ed7 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Duy\u00ean g\u00edac v\u00e0 A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c cao h\u01a1n qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n.
Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean c\u1ee7a hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca , l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean, l\u01b0\u1ee3t thu\u1eadt theo kinh Nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3:
\u1ede th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1, c\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n r\u1ea5y th\u00f4ng minh tr\u00ed hu\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ean l\u00e0 M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean. Hia ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u tu theo ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed , v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n v\u1edbi nhau r\u1eb1ng, n\u1ebfu ai nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p m\u1ea7u tr\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia.
M\u1ed9t h\u00f4m, \u00f4ng X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe m\u1ecdt v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 T\u1ef3 kheo A X\u00e1 B\u00e0 K\u1ef3, gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau: “C\u1ed9i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sinh, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7, n\u1ebfu ai hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y, th\u00ec ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt”
Khi nghe xong, \u00f4ng X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n xa l\u00eca tr\u1ea7n c\u1ea5u, ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o q\u1ee7 thanh t\u1ecbnh.
L\u1ee9c tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, \u00f4ng X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean nghe. \u00d4ng n\u00e0y nghe xong, c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3. Hai \u00f4ng n\u00e0y li\u1ec1n \u0111em 200 \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn xin Ph\u1eadt cho xu\u1ea5t gia l\u00e0m \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed.
C. K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN
\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00fd ni\u1ec7m chung v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 nh\u1edb, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec3m sau \u0111\u00e2y:
A. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt n\u00e0o ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t m\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau m\u1edbi th\u00e0nh v\u1eadt n\u00e0y hay v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean sanh, hay tr\u00f9ng tr\u00f9ng duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. Ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfp ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, th\u00ec do m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng nhau m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i sanh t\u1eed d\u00e0i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 v\u1ecb lai. T\u00f9y theo c\u00e1i t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia l\u00e0m ba nh\u00f3m l\u00e0: ho\u1eb7c (m\u00ea m\u1edd), nghi\u1ec7p (t\u1ea1o t\u00e1c) v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 (k\u1ebft q\u1ee7a).
B. Mu\u1ed1n d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb chu\u1ed7i sanh t\u1eed d\u00e0i trong bi\u1ec3n kh\u1ed5 \u0111au c\u1ee7a c\u00f5i t\u1ee5c, ph\u1ea3i qu\u00e1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean. Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t:
1. Qu\u00e1n l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n. l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh, h\u00e0nh, th\u1ee9c..\u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e3o, t\u1eed. trong khi qu\u00e1n l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t s\u1ef1 sanh kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i hay c\u1ea3 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.
2. Qu\u00e1n ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t. L\u00e0 qu\u00e1n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m cho m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean ph\u1ea3i ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. C\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n ho\u00e0n di\u1ec7t:
a) M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0103n tr\u00ed, nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p “di\u1ec7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00f4 minh”.
b) M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0103n c\u01a1 th\u1ea5p th\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p “di\u1ec7t chi m\u1ea1t v\u00f4 minh”.
Ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i chia ra l\u00e0m hai l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n l\u00fd v\u00e0 qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1:
Qu\u00e1n l\u00fd: l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt c\u00f3 (h\u1eefu) n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 (th\u1ee7); b\u1edfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tham \u00e1i (\u00e1i).
Qu\u00e1n s\u1ef1: l\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1i l\u00fd \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1n \u1edf tr\u00ean trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i: H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f4 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n sao cho kho \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m tham \u00e1i (\u00e1i), nh\u1edd kh\u00f4ng tham \u00e1i m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o \u00e1c t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u (th\u1ee7); do kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 (h\u1eefu) th\u1ecd qu\u1ea3 sanh t\u1eed v\u1ec1 sau.
H\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean n\u00e0y th\u00ec s\u1ebd d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 minh, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Duy\u00ean gi\u00e1c.
C\u1ea7u mong cho qu\u00ed v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c g\u1ec9a th\u1ea5u hi\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1p qu\u00e1n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb q\u00fay b\u00e1u n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"