![\"image\"\/](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/nietban\/Nietban_thichphuocson_files\/856287_487222377982335_376866010_o_911915406.jpg\")
<\/figure>\n\n\n\nPh\u1eadt h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1i y\u1ebfu<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n- C\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>
- C\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: Ph\u00e1p<\/a><\/li>
- C\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 3: \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ?<\/a><\/li>
- C\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4: \u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ?<\/a><\/li>
- C\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 5: \u0110\u00f4i n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/a><\/li>
- Nghi\u1ec7p hay \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3<\/a><\/li>
- S\u1ef1 t\u00e1i sinh<\/a><\/li>
- 12 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/a><\/li>
- V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n<\/a><\/li>
- Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>
- \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/a><\/li>
- Bi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh<\/a><\/li>
- Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/a><\/li>
- Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4<\/a><\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n
Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u00eau h\u00ecnh th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\nQu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1eed n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n: c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Danh t\u1eeb Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong P\u00e0li h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh do Ni v\u00e0 b\u00e0na. Ni l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u00e0na ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng hay kh\u00e1t \u00e1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ly khai kh\u1ecfi kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, hay b\u00e0na, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cTo\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. Do ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda g\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00ean? Do ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tham, s\u00e2n, si, do ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda sinh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa con c\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con r\u00f9a, v\u00e0 c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eafc th\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 hay tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u201ckh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng do duy\u00ean sinh\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu (Dhuva), kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i (Subha) v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c (Sukha).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u201cv\u0129nh c\u1eedu h\u00f3a\u201d, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u201cb\u1ecb di\u1ec7t vong\u201d, m\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo nh\u1eefng kinh s\u00e1ch, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y (Sop\u00e0disesa) v\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y (Anup\u00e0disesa). Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) \u1edf trong t\u1ea7m v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i si\u00eau th\u1ebf gian, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean kia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa quan ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n linh trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp sau. Khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Sop\u00e0disesa Nibb\u00e0na dh\u00e0tu). M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n (Parinibb\u00e0na), sau khi th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Anup\u00e0disesa Nibb\u00e0na dh\u00e0tu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Hu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbc Edwin Arnold (1832-1904):[1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cN\u1ebfu ai d\u1ea1y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ebfu ai b\u1ea3o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00e3y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd sai l\u1ea7m.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u00eau h\u00ecnh th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f2n hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sau khi ch\u1ebft? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cB\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi 5 u\u1ea9n th\u1eadt s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m, kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967)[2] vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cV\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII v\u00e0 XVIII.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n
[1]. Edwin Arnold (1832-1904): Thi s\u0129, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh.\u2003 <\/p>\n\n\n\n
[2]. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967): Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf ra bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Enrieo Fermi.\u2003<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
11\/03\/2013 21:05:00 Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 4244 http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/nietban\/Nietban_thichphuocson_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef: Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1i y\u1ebfu C\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: Ph\u00e1p\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2248,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-2247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-niet-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2247"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2249,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247\/revisions\/2249"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2247"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=2247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u00eau h\u00ecnh th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh sinh t\u1eed n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c v\u00f4 t\u1eadn cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a th\u00e0nh c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n: c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Danh t\u1eeb Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n trong P\u00e0li h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh do Ni v\u00e0 b\u00e0na. Ni l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 b\u00e0na ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng hay kh\u00e1t \u00e1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ly khai kh\u1ecfi kh\u00e1t \u00e1i, hay b\u00e0na, d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng n\u00ean n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n theo ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eebng n\u00f3i: \u201cTo\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. Do ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda g\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00ean? Do ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tham, s\u00e2n, si, do ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda sinh, l\u00e3o, t\u1eed, s\u1ea7u, bi, kh\u1ed5, \u01b0u, n\u00e3o m\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1t l\u00ean\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u01b0 v\u00f4, h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn gi\u1eefa con c\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n n\u00f3 l\u00e0 con r\u00f9a, v\u00e0 c\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111\u1eafc th\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4 hay tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1ng. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u201ckh\u00f4ng sinh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng do duy\u00ean sinh\u201d. Do \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u0129nh c\u1eedu (Dhuva), kh\u1ea3 \u00e1i (Subha) v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c (Sukha).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u201cv\u0129nh c\u1eedu h\u00f3a\u201d, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u201cb\u1ecb di\u1ec7t vong\u201d, m\u00e0 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo nh\u1eefng kinh s\u00e1ch, Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y (Sop\u00e0disesa) v\u00e0 V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y (Anup\u00e0disesa). Th\u1ef1c ra, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 hai lo\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau khi ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u1edf b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 si\u00eau nhi\u00ean c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ch\u00ednh c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p (Dhamma) \u1edf trong t\u1ea7m v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i si\u00eau th\u1ebf gian, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i h\u1eadu n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean kia th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa quan ni\u1ec7m Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 quan ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u0129nh c\u1eedu c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi ch\u1ebft, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 th\u1ea7n linh trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp sau. Khi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1i th\u00e2n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi H\u1eefu d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Sop\u00e0disesa Nibb\u00e0na dh\u00e0tu). M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n vi\u00ean m\u00e3n (Parinibb\u00e0na), sau khi th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0o n\u1eefa th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi V\u00f4 d\u01b0 y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (Anup\u00e0disesa Nibb\u00e0na dh\u00e0tu).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Hu\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbc Edwin Arnold (1832-1904):[1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cN\u1ebfu ai d\u1ea1y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t t\u1eadn,<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n N\u1ebfu ai b\u1ea3o Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng,<\/p>\n\n\n\n H\u00e3y n\u00f3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecd sai l\u1ea7m.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m si\u00eau h\u00ecnh th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e2m l\u00fd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 x\u00f3a b\u1ecf t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3. Theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f2n hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n sau khi ch\u1ebft? \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: \u201cB\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi 5 u\u1ea9n th\u1eadt s\u00e2u th\u1eb3m, kh\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00e1i sinh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n t\u00e1i sinh \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967)[2] vi\u1ebft:<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cV\u00ed d\u1ee5, n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng; n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecfi, ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng? Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf khi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 ng\u00e3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau khi ch\u1ebft; nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XVII v\u00e0 XVIII.<\/p>\n\n\n\n ________________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n [1]. Edwin Arnold (1832-1904): Thi s\u0129, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3, k\u00fd gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh.\u2003 <\/p>\n\n\n\n [2]. Robert Oppenheimer (1904-1967): Nh\u00e0 b\u00e1c h\u1ecdc M\u1ef9 r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf ra bom nguy\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng Enrieo Fermi.\u2003<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 11\/03\/2013 21:05:00 Th\u00edch Ph\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01a1n\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 4244 http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/nietban\/Nietban_thichphuocson_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef: Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1i y\u1ebfu C\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1: \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt – Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2: Ph\u00e1p\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2248,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-2247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-niet-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2247"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2249,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2247\/revisions\/2249"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2248"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2247"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=2247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}