{"id":2259,"date":"2020-09-15T15:03:23","date_gmt":"2020-09-15T15:03:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=2259"},"modified":"2020-09-15T15:03:23","modified_gmt":"2020-09-15T15:03:23","slug":"tim-hieu-van-de-niet-ban-cua-phat-giao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/15\/tim-hieu-van-de-niet-ban-cua-phat-giao\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

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  16\/10\/2009 04:30:00 L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc C\u01b0\u01a1ng – NCS \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc KHXH & NV<\/a>\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 7822          http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/nietban\/Timhieuvenietbancuaphatgiao_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef: <\/a><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Nirvana) l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n, c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Ngo\u00e0i Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u00e0 khao kh\u00e1t ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. V\u1eady Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec ? Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu kh\u00f4ng ? N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u? N\u1ebfu t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 c\u00e1i ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 kha\u00ed ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. N\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu th\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o v\u1ecdng do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 huy\u1ec5n ho\u1eb7c m\u00ecnh. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1eefa l\u00e0 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1eebng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1.



Mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1ed9 (The Englightened) m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Theo Ng\u00e0i, tri\u1ebft gia d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh tri\u1ebft gia, c\u00e1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn hay th\u1ea5y. Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Tri ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n \u0111i li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi ki\u1ebfn, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ca\u00ed th\u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng. Hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh t\u00ecm ra. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1i kinh nghi\u1ec7m ng\u1ed9 m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m sau s\u00e1u n\u0103m kh\u1ed5 tu v\u00e0 49 ng\u00e0y nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y, nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n sinh v\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi … l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai m\u1edf c\u00e1i tri gi\u00e1c n\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft c\u1ed1t t\u1ee7y t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau : Ch\u01b0 h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u01b0 ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec1u do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Duy\u00ean h\u1ee3p th\u00ec v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, duy\u00ean tan th\u00ec v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh, \u0111ang v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u do duy\u00ean n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nhau, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia c\u00f3, c\u00e1i n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, th\u00ec c\u00e1i kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i n\u00e0o t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n. V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 do \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n th\u1eddi gian, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian. Kinh L\u0103ng gi\u00e0 vi\u1ebft : “T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh v\u00ec r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee5c ngay li\u1ec1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i n\u00e0y sang tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1n th\u1ea5y kh\u1eafp hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 t\u1ef1 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a th\u00ec c\u00e1i d\u00f2ng sinh h\u00f3a n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra”. Do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng, s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn h\u00f3a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i n\u00ean v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 \u1ea3o, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt n\u00e0o t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 sinh, c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt kia. Sinh l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t, di\u1ec7t l\u00e0 sinh. Do nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u00f4 th\u1ee7y v\u00f4 chung, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng cu\u1ed1i. V\u1ea1n v\u1eadt v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng. B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i v\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn ra ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e2n x\u00e1c ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean chi ph\u1ed1i, n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham, s\u00e2n, si. Tham l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ecdat l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang, s\u1edf h\u1eefu ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh. S\u00e2n l\u00e0 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef, th\u00f9 h\u1eadn, ganh gh\u00e9t v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd mu\u1ed1n. Si l\u00e0 u m\u00ea, t\u0103m t\u1ed1i ch\u1ea1y \u0111u\u1ed5i theo nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n do v\u00f4 minh t\u1ea1o ra. V\u00f4 minh d\u1eabn t\u1edbi \u00e1i d\u1ee5c. V\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5, s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5. Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa vi\u1ebft : “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eeda n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda tham, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u1ee5c t\u00f9 n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u00f2ng s\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u1edbi n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 V\u00f4 minh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c”(Kinh Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa – Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u, Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i PG TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh, 1986, tr.23). Do \u00e1i d\u1ee5c con ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u1eddi quanh qu\u1ea9n trong lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i : sinh r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft, ch\u1ebft r\u1ed3i t\u00e1i sinh, t\u00e1i sinh r\u1ed3i ch\u1ebft. Sinh ra l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m s\u00fac sinh, l\u00e0m ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 hay A tu la\u1ea8 l\u00e0 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta. Tu \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i sinh t\u1eed, \u0111\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed t\u1eed sinh tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n.


C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 : Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, th\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c hay l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ? N\u1ebfu n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ? Kinh Milida – Panan\u00e0 vi\u1ebft : “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y, h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng, h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi hay ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n … nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch tr\u1eef m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00ec l\u1eeda phat (1) sinh. C\u0169ng th\u1ebf \u1ea5y ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee7 duy\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p – Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i PG TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr.474). Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft : “Trong Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng, tinh t\u00fa, l\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3ng, gi\u00f3, m\u01b0a, sanh, gi\u00e0, b\u1ec7nh, ch\u1ebft, 25 c\u00f5i \u1ea8. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 Nh\u01b0 Lai \u1edf th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i”. (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n t\u1eadp 1 Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181). L\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c N\u00e0gasenna v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ta th\u1ea5y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1ef1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c c\u00f3. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 sau : L\u00e2u l\u1eafm c\u00e1 m\u1edbi g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i r\u00f9a. C\u00e1 h\u1ecfi :



– Ch\u00e0o ch\u1ecb r\u00f9a, ch\u1ecb \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 l\u00e2u r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng g\u1eb7p ?
– A , ch\u00e0o ch\u1ecb c\u00e1. T\u00f4i \u0111i ch\u01a1i \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 – R\u00f9a tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.
– \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 \u00e0 ? C\u00e1 ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean – ch\u1ecb n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ? \u0110\u1ea5t l\u00e0m sao m\u00e0 kh\u00f4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ? T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a khi n\u00e0o th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0kh\u00f4. \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u1ebft.
– Ch\u1ecb mu\u1ed1n ngh\u0129 v\u1eady c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c – R\u00f9a \u0111\u00e1p – Tuy nhi\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i ch\u01a1i \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 th\u1eadt.
– N\u00e0y, ch\u1ecb r\u00f9a, ch\u1ecb n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i coi. \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb n\u00f3i ra l\u00e0m sao, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt kh\u00f4ng ?
– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt.
– \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u00e1t m\u1ebb \u00eam d\u1ecbu d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu kh\u00f4ng ?
– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, \u00eam d\u1ecbu v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu.
– \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng r\u1ecdi xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ?
– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 kh\u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1ecdi xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
– \u0110\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u00f3 m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00ecnh b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng ?
– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng m\u1ec1m m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u01a1i l\u1ed9i trong l\u00f2ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.
– \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng ?
– Kh\u00f4ng ,\u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng.
– \u0110\u1ea5t c\u00f3 n\u1ed5i s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt kh\u00f4ng ?
– Kh\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i s\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng tan th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt.
C\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1eddi vang v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi r\u00f9a :
– T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec, ch\u1ecb c\u0169ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng : \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng \u1ea9m \u01b0\u1edbt, kh\u00f4ng m\u00e1t m\u1ebb, d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu, kh\u00f4ng trong su\u1ed1t v\u00e0 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng xuy\u00ean qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng di chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tr\u00f4i th\u00e0nh d\u00f2ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u1ed5i n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tan ra th\u00e0nh b\u1ecdt. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00e1i m\u00e0 ch\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4.



C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u01b0 v\u00f4. Nh\u01b0ng Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00f3 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u c\u1ea3, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n hay c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, th\u00ec Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec ?



Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c kinh Udanna Itivuttaka v\u00e0 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n cho th\u1ea5y: Theo Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 Nh\u01b0 Lai khi v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb ch\u1ea5p ch\u1eb7t v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecb d\u00ednh m\u1eafc v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ch\u00fang \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u1ed5 \u0111au cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho tha nh\u00e2n. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n vi\u1ebft : ” K\u1ebb n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, b\u1ecb \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u00e1p \u0111\u1ea3o, b\u1ecb m\u00f9 l\u00f2a v\u00ec n\u00f3, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh tai h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, cho c\u1ea3 m\u00ecnh l\u1eabn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o” (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr.122-181). Mu\u1ed1n x\u00f3a b\u1ecf \u00e1i d\u1ee5c th\u00ec th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0. Khi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00ec v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi. Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n vi\u1ebft :

“K\u1ebb n\u00e0o nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt v\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ham mu\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu\u1ea8.b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t m\u1ecdi ham \u0111\u1eafm m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t tham, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n”( Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181).

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 minh hay tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u00e1i d\u1ee5c hay m\u1ecdi tham \u0111\u1eafm do v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i. Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t tham, s\u00e2n, si, ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f2ng sinh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i do v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c d\u1eabn d\u1eaft. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u00fang th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0, l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t d\u00f2ng l\u01b0u chuy\u1ec3n g\u00e2y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00e1m v\u00edu v\u00e0o tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m. Kinh T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m vi\u1ebft :”Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, h\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eefu ? S\u1ef1 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t tham, t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t s\u00e2n, t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t si. \u0110\u00f3, n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eefu, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n” (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p , NXB Thu\u1eadn Ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 Th\u00e0nh H\u1ed9i PG TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 467). Sir Edwin Arnorl c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft :”If any teach Nirvana is to cease, say unto such they lie, if any teach Nirvana is to leave, say unto such they err, not knowing this. From a metaphysical stanpoint Nirvana is deliverance from suffering. From a psychological standpoint Nirvana is the eradication of egoism. From an ethical standpoint Nirvana is destruction of lust, hatred, and ignoranca”(The Light of Asia or The Great Renunciation By Sir Edwin Arnorl London 1948, tr. 153) (T\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai d\u1ea1y Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed1i l\u1eeba. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ai d\u1ea1y Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 sai l\u1ea7m. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n si\u00eau h\u00ecnh Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m l\u00fd, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t l\u00f2ng \u00edch k\u1ef7. V\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf tham s\u00e2n si). Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd, hay d\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh th\u1ea7n m\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. V\u1eady trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t tham s\u00e2n si, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i, \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec7t b\u1ecf v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ?Mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft v\u00e0 tr\u00ean h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng \u0111\u1ecdng m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd. Ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t b\u1ecd m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 quy\u1ebfn luy\u1ebfn d\u00ednhm\u1eafc v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd, c\u00e1c kho\u00e1i c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c quan do v\u00f4 minh \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i. Ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh (Dhyana) . Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Trong tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 ch\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi mu\u00f4n sai ng\u00e0n kh\u00e1c, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u1edf h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1edbng, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhau \u1edf m\u1eb7t b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. Nh\u1eadn ch\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed, \u0111\u1ea1i bi. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat ch\u1ed1c b\u1eebng n\u1edf t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i mu\u00f4n v\u1eadt. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t, ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m n\u00ean con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham s\u00e2n, si, m\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao c\u00e1i ng\u00e3 v\u1ed1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3. V\u1edbi tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c do thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i, ranh gi\u1edbi ta v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi , ta v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n, ta v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t, t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, t\u00ecnh y\u00eau v\u00f4 bi\u00ean v\u1ed1i bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n gi\u1edbi b\u1eebng n\u1edf, d\u00e2ng tr\u00e0n. Tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o m\u00e1t l\u00e0nh, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, an l\u1ea1c.

Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n vi\u1ebft :”\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 b\u00ecnh y\u00ean t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng” (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181). “Y \u0660th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 hay s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p ng\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t” (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181). “Ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 linh h\u1ed3n th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa, k\u1ebb \u1ea5y tho\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefngki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, v\u1ecb k\u1ef7 do \u00fd ni\u1ec7m “T\u00f4i l\u00e0” th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n” (Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, t\u1eadp 1, Th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt gia\u00f3 TP HCM \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1994, tr. 122-181). Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ea1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi an l\u1ea1c, t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, thanh t\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 so s\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gi\u00e1c quan nh\u01b0 sau : Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb gh\u1ebb ng\u1ee9a c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00fac g\u00e3i nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn do s\u1ef1 g\u00e3i. Do b\u1ecb gh\u1ebb m\u00e0 anh ta c\u00f3 s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0ng khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb gh\u1ebb, anh ta c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 cao \u0111\u1eb3ng h\u01a1n. C\u00e1ch kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m gh\u1ebb ng\u1ee9a, c\u00f2n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gh\u1ebb. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed g\u1ecdi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay trong ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n, trong l\u00fac mang th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 “H\u1eefu d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n”. Ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 “V\u00f4 d\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n” l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A la H\u00e1n, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fac tr\u00fat b\u1ecf x\u00e1c th\u00e2n ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt T\u1ed5 n\u00f3i tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 h\u1eefu l\u1eadu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sinh ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u00ean cho ph\u00e9p r\u00fat ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau :Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tinh th\u1ea7n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c, v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, th\u1ebf gian nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0. \u0110\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y tr\u1ed1n kh\u1ecfi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn hay ch\u1ed1i b\u1ecf th\u1ebf gian m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a c\u00e1i tri ki\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac h\u01a1n. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 mang t\u00ednh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean m\u00e3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o lu\u00e2n l\u00fd. S\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t c\u0103n b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00e2n t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c ch\u00e2n ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra m\u00e0 c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 uy quy\u1ec1n g\u00ec v\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111e d\u1ecda \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, c\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn ai v\u00e0o Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00e0 cho ai \u0111\u1ee9ng ngo\u00e0i Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n, Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n t\u00ednh. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh, ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u00e0nh, s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh, n\u1ebfu kh\u00e1t khao ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tinh t\u1ea5n, b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n c\u00e1i t\u00f4i v\u1ecb k\u1ef7, c\u00e1i t\u00f4i h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5. Ranh gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa ta v\u00e0 tha nh\u00e2n tan bi\u1ebfn v\u00ec th\u1ebf gian \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t \u1edf b\u1ea3n th\u1ec3. V\u1edbi Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n t\u00e2m linh v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u1eadt l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh tr\u1eddi hay n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u0103ng k\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t, tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn. Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n l\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh, b\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, l\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n



T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 5\/2000)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/a> B\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn (0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi)<\/h4>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  16\/10\/2009 04:30:00 L\u00ea Ng\u1ecdc C\u01b0\u01a1ng – NCS \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc KHXH & NV\u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc: 7822          http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/dulieu\/giaophap\/nietban\/Timhieuvenietbancuaphatgiao_files\/like.htmlC\u1ee1 ch\u1eef:  Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (Nirvana) l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2260,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[70],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-2259","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-niet-ban"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2259"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2261,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2259\/revisions\/2261"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2259"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2259"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2259"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=2259"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}