{"id":25787,"date":"2022-05-27T00:47:41","date_gmt":"2022-05-26T17:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=25787"},"modified":"2022-05-27T00:49:27","modified_gmt":"2022-05-26T17:49:27","slug":"tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao-khai-niem-phan-loai-nhung-ky-kiet-tap-lich-su-chung","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/05\/27\/tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao-khai-niem-phan-loai-nhung-ky-kiet-tap-lich-su-chung\/","title":{"rendered":"TAM T\u1ea0NG KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N\u00a0C\u1ee6A\u00a0PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O &#8211; kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m , ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i , nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp , l\u1ecbch s\u1eed chung"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"25787\" class=\"elementor elementor-25787\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element 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elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d1b3461\" data-id=\"d1b3461\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9c4a7aa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9c4a7aa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"header\" data-elementor-id=\"25183\" class=\"elementor elementor-25183\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-76499aa 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class=\"customblogname\"><span class=\"site-title-line site-title-line1\">PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC \u0110\u1ea0I C\u01af\u01a0NG<em> <\/em><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/h1><h2 id=\"site-description\" class=\"site-description ftwp-heading\" itemprop=\"description\">T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc 2022<\/h2><\/div><\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"header-aside\" class=\" header-aside table-cell-mid  header-aside-widget-area\"> <div class=\"header-sidebar  inline-nav hgrid-stretch\">\n<aside id=\"sidebar-header-sidebar\" class=\"sidebar sidebar-header-sidebar\" role=\"complementary\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/WPSideBar\">\n<section id=\"media_image-1\" class=\"widget widget_media_image\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"image attachment-full alignnone wp-image-953\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/tamhoc2022.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"31\"><\/section> <\/aside>\n<\/div>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"header-supplementary\" class=\" header-part header-supplementary-bottom header-supplementary-left  menu-side\">\n<div class=\"hgrid\">\n<div class=\"hgrid-span-12\">\n<div class=\"navarea-table  table\"><div class=\"menu-nav-box  table-cell-mid\"> <div class=\"screen-reader-text\">Secondary Navigation Menu<\/div>\n<nav id=\"menu-secondary\" class=\"menu menu-secondary nav-menu mobilemenu-fixed mobilesubmenu-click\" role=\"navigation\" itemscope=\"itemscope\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/SiteNavigationElement\">\n<a class=\"menu-toggle\" href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-toggle-text\">Menu<\/span><i class=\"fas fa-bars\"><\/i><\/a>\n<ul id=\"menu-secondary-items\" class=\"menu-items sf-menu menu menu-highlight sf-js-enabled sf-arrows\" style=\"touch-action: auto;\"><li id=\"menu-item-25201\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25201\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25213\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25213\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u s\u00e1ch<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25214\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25214\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/1-so-dac-diem-cua-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25215\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25215\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/lich-su-phat-giao-wiki-27-05-2022\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ecbch s\u1eed Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25216\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25216\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao-khai-niem-phan-loai-nhung-ky-kiet-tap-lich-su-chung\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25218\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25218\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/tam-thua-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">D\u00f2ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25219\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25219\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/cac-phap-mon-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25220\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25220\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/26\/cac-vi-phat-va-bo-tat-trong-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"menu-item-25221\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25221\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/phat-su-la-gi-cac-hoat-dong-phat-su-chinh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25222\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25222\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">\u0110\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25202\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25202\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Quy Y<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25223\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25223\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/quy-y-tam-bao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Quy y Tam B\u1ea3o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25286\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25286\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/duc-tin-cua-nguoi-phat-tu\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng tin<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25288\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25288\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/duc-phat-va-tu-chung\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25225\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25225\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/tu-la-gi-tu-trong-dao-phat-la-tu-nhung-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tu l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25224\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25224\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/phuong-thuc-niem-phat-cua-phat-giao-nam-tong-va-bac-tong\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25246\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25246\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/05\/06\/phuoc-phuc-bau-la-gi-va-o-dau\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25247\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25247\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed n\u00ean bi\u1ebft<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25204\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25204\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25226\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25226\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tu-dieu-de-cattara-ariya-sacca\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25227\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25227\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/tim-hieu-ve-tam-phap-an-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam Ph\u00e1p \u1ea4n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25231\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25231\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/kinh-chuyen-phap-luan\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kinh chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25205\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25205\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25298\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25298\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00f3m t\u1eaft 37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25239\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25239\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/bat-chanh-dao-a%e1%b9%ad%e1%b9%adha%e1%b9%85gika-magga\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25240\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25240\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tu-nhu-y-tuc-cattara-iddhipada\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25241\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25241\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/that-giac-chi-satta-bojjha%e1%b9%85ga\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi ( th\u1ea5t b\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25242\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25242\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ng\u0169 c\u0103n- Ng\u0169 l\u1ef1c<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25244\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25244\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tu-niem-xu-cattara-satipa%e1%b9%ad%e1%b9%adhana\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25245\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25245\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tu-chanh-can-cattara-sammappadhana\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 ch\u00e1nh c\u1ea7n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25203\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25203\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25233\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25233\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/11\/28\/nguyen-nhan-duc-phat-che-gioi-luat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25228\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25228\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/ngu-gioi-5-phuong-phap-song-lanh-manh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">5 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u01b0 s\u0129<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25229\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25229\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/muoi-nghiep-lanh-phap-sanh-thien-gioi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n l\u00e0nh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25295\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25295\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/bo-tat-gioi-la-gi-tho-gioi-bo-tat-nhu-the-nao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25230\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25230\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/09\/08\/348-gioi-ty-kheo-ni-bac-duoc-dich-va-chu-giai-boi-hoa-thuong-thich-tri-quang\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc Tu s\u0129<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25280\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25280\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 chay \u2013 m\u1eb7n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25279\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25279\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/bat-quan-trai-gioi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e1t quan trai gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25232\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25232\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/22\/mangala-sutta-hanh-phuc-kinh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e0i kinh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25281\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25281\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/05\/08\/5-ac-kien-than-kien-bien-kien-ta-kien-gioi-cam-thu-kien-kien-thu-kien\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Bi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn \u2013 T\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn \u2013 Gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25310\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25310\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c ng\u1ee7 ngh\u1ec9 th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25234\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25234\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25206\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25206\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25235\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25235\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/chu-duyen-trong-phat-giao-nghia-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ch\u1eef duy\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25235\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25235\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/04\/01\/the-nao-la-tuy-duyen-thuan-phap\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 t\u00f9y duy\u00ean thu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25236\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25236\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/tom-luoc-1-so-loai-duyen-trong-phat-giao-va-dan-gian\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i duy\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25237\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25237\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/thap-nhi-nhan-duyen-paticca-samuppada\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thuy\u1ebft th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25238\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25238\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/ngu-uan-panca-khandha\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u00e2n t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25207\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25207\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25256\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25256\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/nghiep-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kh\u00e1t qu\u00e1t nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25257\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25257\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/co-bao-nhieu-loai-nghiep\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25315\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25315\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/luc-can-luc-tran-va-luc-thuc-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ee5c c\u0103n l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25258\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25258\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/ngu-luat-cua-thien-nhien\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ng\u0169 lu\u1eadt thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25259\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25259\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25307\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25307\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/hien-tuong-chet-va-tai-sanh-2\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ch\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e1i sinh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25319\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25319\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/05\/25\/tam-8-phap-the-gian-8-ngon-gio-doi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e1m ng\u1ecdn gi\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25260\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25260\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/luan-hoi-luc-dao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i l\u1ee5c \u0111ao<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25318\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25318\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/luan-hoi-luc-dao\/#ftoc-heading-7\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thi\u00ean Long b\u00e1t b\u1ed9<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25308\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25308\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/25365\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam gi\u1edbi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25316\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25316\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/su-thuc-ve-ma-theo-quan-niem-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ma trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25317\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25317\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/03\/25\/benh-duoi-lang-kinh-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u1ec7nh trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25262\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25262\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25261\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25261\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/tim-hieu-ve-than-thong-trong-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25276\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25276\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/30\/tam-minh-luc-thong-than-thong-cua-bac-a-la-han\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam Minh \u2013 L\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25314\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25314\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/31\/cac-danh-hieu-va-cap-do-tu-chung-thanh-qua-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 trong Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25320\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25320\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/31\/niet-ban-la-gi-niet-ban-huu-du-vo-du\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25209\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25209\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e2m<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25248\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25248\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/26\/tam-la-gi-dac-tinh-va-vai-tro\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25249\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25249\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/26\/1-so-loai-bat-thien-tam-trong-vi-dieu-phap\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e2m ( Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25250\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25250\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/23\/vo-luong-tam-cattara-appamanna\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25273\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25273\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/09\/25\/that-thanh-tai-7-tai-san-cua-bac-thanh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">7 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n tinh th\u1ea7n ( th\u1ea5t th\u00e1nh t\u00e0i)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25496\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25496\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/tam-tanh-va-su-tu-tap\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e2m t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tu t\u1eadp<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25208\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25208\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25263\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25263\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/phap-dhamma-la-gi-cach-hieu-khai-niem-phap-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25264\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25264\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/phap-vo-vi-va-phap-huu-vi-1-so-dac-tinh-cua-phap\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u2013 Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 vi<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25285\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25285\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25283\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25283\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/01\/29\/tin-hanh-nguyen-tam-tu-luong\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam t\u01b0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng ( T\u00edn \u2013 h\u1ea1nh \u2013 nguy\u1ec7n)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25282\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25282\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/15\/qua-trinh-van-tu-tu\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam h\u1ecdc ( V\u0103n \u2013 T\u01b0 \u2013 tu)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25284\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25284\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/15\/gioi-dinh-tue\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tam v\u00f4 l\u1eadu h\u1ecdc ( Gi\u1edbi \u2013 \u0110\u1ecbnh \u2013 Tu\u1ec7)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25265\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25265\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/24\/sau-phap-hoa-kinh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">6 ph\u00e1p h\u00f2a k\u00ednh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25266\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25266\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/03\/06\/tim-hieu-ve-tu-nhiep-phap-bo-thi-ai-ngu-loi-hanh-dong-su-trong-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 nhi\u1ebfp ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25267\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25267\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/09\/28\/kien-van-giac-tri\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ki\u1ebfn \u2013 v\u0103n \u2013 gi\u00e1c \u2013 tri<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25268\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25268\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/hanh-cua-dat-nuoc-lua-gio\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tu nh\u01b0 t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25271\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25271\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">S\u00e1m h\u1ed1i \u2013 H\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25296\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25296\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/25\/bo-tat-dao-la-gi-ly-tuong-cua-bo-tat-theo-quan-diem-dao-phat\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25272\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25272\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Nghe ph\u00e1p \u2013 h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25275\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25275\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25301\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25301\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/09\/04\/tu-vo-so-uy\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u00fay<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25300\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25300\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/03\/06\/muoi-ba-la-mat-dasa-parami-trong-dao-phat-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">10 ba la m\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25338\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25338\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 T\u00e2m kinh v\u00e0 t\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25337\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25337\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u00e1c b\u00e0i ch\u00fa Ph\u1eadt m\u00f4n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25294\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25294\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25313\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25313\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1i gia<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25312\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25312\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u1edd c\u00fang \u00f4ng b\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25270\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25270\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/10\/y-nghia-cau-nguyen-trong-phat-giao\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ea7u nguy\u1ec7n \u2013 Ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25293\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25293\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ea7u ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb nghi\u1ec7p ch\u01b0\u1edbng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25292\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25292\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ea7u si\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25289\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25289\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25290\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25290\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Tr\u1ee3 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e3ng sanh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25291\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25291\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Khai th\u1ecb l\u00e2m chung<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25302\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25302\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/04\/16\/ban-khoan-la-gi-khi-nao-nen-gui-con-vao-chua\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e1n kho\u00e1n \u0110\u1ee9c \u00d4ng<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25303\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25303\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/01\/18\/tong-quan-ve-quan-dinh-kim-cuong-thua-2-phan\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1ec9nh<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25304\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25304\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/04\/16\/le-hang-thuan-la-gi-nguon-goc-va-y-nghia-viec-to-chuc-le-hang-thuan-tai-chua-cuoi-hoi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ec5 h\u1eb1ng thu\u1eadn<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25305\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25305\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/06\/nguon-goc-cua-le-tam-phat-tich-phat-dan-sanh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ec5 t\u1eafm Ph\u1eadt<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25306\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25306\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/02\/25\/khong-dat-hang-khong-bat-dong-vat-chinh-la-phong-sinh\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u00f3ng sinh \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25309\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25309\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/03\/24\/xuat-xu-cua-le-dang-y-kathina\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1ec5 d\u00e2ng y kathina<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n\n<li id=\"menu-item-25309\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25309\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/11\/09\/y-nghia-cua-xuat-gia-gieo-duyen-ht-phap-tong\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Xu\u1ea5t gia gieo duy\u00ean<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25274\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25274\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/kho-tang-phap-hoc\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kho T\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25211\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25211\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thi\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-25251\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25251\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/tong-quan-ve-thien\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Kh\u00e1t qu\u00e1t chung v\u1ec1 thi\u1ec1n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25252\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25252\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/07\/07\/phuong-phap-thuc-hanh-thien-chi-sakyong-mipham-rinpoche\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ( ch\u1ec9)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25253\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25253\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2021\/07\/07\/thien-quan-la-gi\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Thi\u1ec1n tu\u1ec7 ( qu\u00e1n)<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25299\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25299\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/12\/31\/than-hanh-niem\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh ni\u1ec7m<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25254\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25254\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/05\/27\/mot-so-loai-thien-tren-the-gioi-2\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">D\u00f2ng thi\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25255\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25255\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">C\u1ea3nh gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25210\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-25210\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"sf-with-ul\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c<\/span><\/a>\n<ul class=\"sub-menu\" style=\"display: none;\">\n\n\n<li id=\"menu-item-25277\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25277\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/phan-muc-luc-phat-hoc-dai-cuong\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">Ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25277\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25277\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">T\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tham kh\u1ea3o<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25278\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25278\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/phat-phap-dai-cuong-tam-hoc-2022\/\"><span class=\"menu-title\">L\u1eddi ng\u1ecf t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-25297\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-25297\"><a href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">1 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav>\n<\/div><div class=\"menu-side-box  table-cell-mid inline-nav social-icons-invert\"><section id=\"nav_menu-1\" class=\"widget widget_nav_menu\"><div class=\"menu-menu-side-container\"><ul id=\"menu-menu-side\" class=\"menu\">\n<li id=\"menu-item-1271\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1271\"><a rel=\"noopener\" onclick=\"history.back()\" href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li id=\"menu-item-1272\" class=\"menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-1272\"><a rel=\"noopener\" onclick=\"history.forward()\" href=\"#\"><span class=\"menu-title\">B\u00e0i k\u1ebf<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/section><section id=\"search-4\" class=\"widget widget_search\"><div class=\"searchbody\"><form method=\"get\" class=\"searchform\" action=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/\"><label class=\"screen-reader-text\">Search<\/label><i class=\"fas fa-search\"><\/i><input type=\"text\" class=\"searchtext\" name=\"s\" placeholder=\"Type Search Term \u2026\" value=\"\"><input type=\"submit\" class=\"submit\" name=\"submit\" value=\"Search\"><span class=\"js-search-placeholder\"><\/span><\/form><\/div><\/section><\/div><\/div> <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/header>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1faef7b elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1faef7b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4abac37\" data-id=\"4abac37\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9b71952 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9b71952\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"25189\" class=\"elementor elementor-25189\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-90d78cb elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"90d78cb\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5d2ea0a\" data-id=\"5d2ea0a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-53b6f2e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"53b6f2e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-335aa8a\" data-id=\"335aa8a\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9caf154 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9caf154\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff6600;\"><em><strong>Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc 2022\u00a0<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p><div>\u00a0<\/div>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-21ede6e7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"21ede6e7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:pullquote -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-pullquote\"><blockquote><p>N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o Tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc  (BUDDHISM COURSE)  Chann Khon San <\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao\">https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao<\/a><\/p><p><\/p><p><strong>GI\u00c1O TR\u00ccNH\u00a0PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC<\/strong><br>(BUDDHISM COURSE)<br>Chan Khoon San<br>Bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: L\u00ea Kim Kha<br>Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n PH\u01af\u01a0NG \u0110\u00d4NG 2011<\/p><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:pullquote -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>XVII<br><br><\/strong><strong>TAM T\u1ea0NG KINH \u0110I\u1ec2N&nbsp;C\u1ee6A&nbsp;PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O&nbsp;<\/strong><strong><br><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C<\/strong>1.&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;(<em>Tipitaka, Ba R\u1ed7 Kinh<\/em>) L\u00e0 G\u00ec?2.&nbsp;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt D\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ec3 Gi\u1ea3ng D\u1ea1y (<em>Buddhavacana<\/em>)3.&nbsp;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&nbsp;Pali L\u00e0 G\u00ec?4.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t5.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai6. S\u1ef1 Ph\u00e2n Ly L\u1edbn C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i7. Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c C\u1ee7a 18 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;(<em>N<\/em><em>ikayas<\/em>)8.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Ba9.&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;(<em>Tipitaka<\/em>) V\u00e0o&nbsp;Tr\u00ed Nh\u1edb10.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0:&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;(<em>Tipitaka<\/em>) V\u00e0o V\u0103n B\u1ea3n&nbsp;Ch\u1eef Vi\u1ebft11.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m &amp; S\u00e1u \u1edf Myanmar12.&nbsp;K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn13. \u201cPh\u1ee5 L\u1ee5c\u201d: Nh\u1eefng N\u1ed9i Dung C\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;(<em>Ba R\u1ed7 Kinh<\/em>)14. \u201cPh\u1ee5 \u0110\u00ednh\u201d:&nbsp;Quy \u01af\u1edbc&nbsp;Tr\u00edch D\u1eabn&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;(c\u1ee7a C\u01b0&nbsp;<em>s\u0129&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/em>B\u00ecnh Anson)15.&nbsp;Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i16. S\u00e1ch &amp;&nbsp;T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u&nbsp;Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>1.&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;n\u00f3i ra,&nbsp;ban \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(<em>Dhamma<\/em>),&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;ba&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;(<em>Pariyatti<\/em>),&nbsp;Th\u1ef1c H\u00e0nh&nbsp;(<em>Patipatti<\/em>) v\u00e0&nbsp;Ch\u1ee9ng Ng\u1ed9&nbsp;(<em>Pativedha<\/em>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c<strong>Ph\u00e1p H\u1ecdc<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n&nbsp;ph\u00e1p Th\u1ef1c&nbsp;H\u00e0nh c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c<strong>Ph\u00e1p H\u00e0nh<\/strong>\u201d, v\u00e0<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n ph\u00e1p&nbsp;Ch\u1ee9ng Ng\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c<strong>Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9<\/strong>\u201d hay \u201c<strong>Ph\u00e1p Th\u00e0nh<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i trong&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;(<strong><em>Tipitaka<\/em><\/strong>). Nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;qua Anh ng\u1eef \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;<strong>11<\/strong>&nbsp;l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o.&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng&nbsp;<strong><em>Nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;do ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;n\u00f3i ra h\u01a1n&nbsp;<strong>45<\/strong>&nbsp;n\u0103m, t\u1eeb sau khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9&nbsp;th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;khi B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Tipitaka&nbsp;<\/em>trong ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c<strong>Ba C\u00e1i R\u1ed7<\/strong>\u201d(<em>Ti&nbsp;<\/em>= ba,&nbsp;<em>Pitaka&nbsp;<\/em>= c\u00e1i r\u1ed7). N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mang&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng m\u00e0 mang&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;\u2018<em>truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba\u2019<\/em>&nbsp;hay&nbsp;chuy\u1ec1n tay&nbsp;cho nhau, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee3 chuy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng r\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ea5t hay c\u00e1t t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kia theo m\u1ed9t h\u00e0ng d\u00e0i&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 Nh\u1eefng C\u00e1i R\u1ed7 ch\u1ee9a&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;chuy\u1ec1n tay, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ee5 qua nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ea7y&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2. (\u1ede&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t Nam,&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;d\u00f9ng theo c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Trung Hoa, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ba c\u00e1i \u2018kho\u2019 ch\u1ee9a&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201c<em>Ba R\u1ed7 Kinh<\/em>\u201d hay ba&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:&nbsp;<strong>Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<\/strong>(<em>Vinaya Pitaka<\/em>),&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;lu\u1eadt l\u1ec7&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;quy \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;Tu S\u0129&nbsp;(T\u0103ng v\u00e0 Ni);&nbsp;<strong>Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<\/strong>(<em>Sutta Pitaka<\/em>), ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n&nbsp;m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf&nbsp;sau khi&nbsp;\u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi; v\u00e0<strong>&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng<\/strong>&nbsp;(<em>Abhidhamma Pitaka<\/em>), gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1ed1n&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng,&nbsp;r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o: T\u00e2m (<em>Citta<\/em>), Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Y\u1ebfu T\u1ed1&nbsp;thu\u1ed9c T\u00e2m hay Danh (<em>Cetasikas<\/em>), S\u1eafc (<em>Rupa, t\u1ee9c&nbsp;V\u1eadt Ch\u1ea5t<\/em>) v\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (<em>N<\/em><em>ibbana<\/em>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali&nbsp;<strong><em>Tipitaka<\/em><\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi r\u00f5 trong ph\u1ea7n \u201c<strong>Ph\u1ee5 L\u1ee5c<\/strong>\u201d \u1edf cu\u1ed1i Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo&nbsp;H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;<strong>Sayadaw U Thittila<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u1edf Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng v\u0103n&nbsp;b\u1ea3n Kinh&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec3n b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc theo&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, nh\u01b0 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, L\u00e0o, Cam-bu-chia, Sri Lanka, Th\u00e1i Lan, v\u1ec1&nbsp;th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;n\u1ed9i dung, ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec1u&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau.&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;<strong><em>Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh&nbsp;t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, s\u1ef1&nbsp;ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t&nbsp;kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(a) M\u1ed7i&nbsp;Truy\u1ec1n Th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;C\u00f3 M\u1ed9t Phi\u00ean B\u1ea3n Ri\u00eang C\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;b\u1edfi ba tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;v\u1eabn c\u00f2n&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(1)&nbsp;<strong>Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/strong>&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali (<strong>Pali&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em><\/strong>)c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;(<strong>Theravada<\/strong>, hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(2)&nbsp;<strong>\u0110\u1ea1i&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;(<strong>Mahayana&nbsp;<em>Tripitaka<\/em><\/strong>) b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n (Sanskrit).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(3)&nbsp;<strong>Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/strong>&nbsp;(<strong>Tibetan&nbsp;<em>Tripitaka<\/em><\/strong>) b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>Kagyur&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>(bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0&nbsp;B\u1ed1n \u0110\u1ea1i&nbsp;Kinh M\u1eadt Th\u1eeba&nbsp;T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Tantras<\/em>) v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>Tangyur&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>(bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3,&nbsp;lu\u1eadn s\u01b0&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;hay&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;<em>ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/em>, c\u00f3 c\u1ed9i r\u1ec5 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;trong c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, v\u00ec h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c&nbsp;sau n\u00e0y, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ph\u1ea3n \u1ea3nh&nbsp;hay&nbsp;th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u201cL\u1eddi D\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Warder<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn2\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp&nbsp;ra b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n Nam&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, g\u1ea7n Andhra Pradesh v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1&nbsp;sau C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean&nbsp;(CN). Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9,&nbsp;tu h\u1ecdc&nbsp;\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Nagarjuna<\/strong>&nbsp;(Long Th\u1ecd).&nbsp;\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng&nbsp;cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch&nbsp;thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed&nbsp;\u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc&nbsp;l\u00fd do&nbsp;t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1&nbsp;nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;nh\u1eefng Kinh \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. V\u00e0&nbsp;v\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba&nbsp;\u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong><em>s\u00e1ng t\u00e1c&nbsp;sau th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi nh\u00e0 s\u1eed h\u1ecdc&nbsp;T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<strong>Taranatha<\/strong>&nbsp;cho r\u1eb1ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c kinh&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho&nbsp;l\u01b0u h\u00e0nh&nbsp;trong&nbsp;th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi&nbsp;lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7, b\u1edfi v\u00ec&nbsp;l\u00fac \u1ea5y&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y (\u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0) t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 (\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed) \u0111\u1ee7&nbsp;th\u00f4ng minh&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;tri\u1ec3n khai. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch&nbsp;b\u00ed m\u1eadt&nbsp;cho nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc&nbsp;si\u00eau nhi\u00ean&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;g\u00ecn gi\u1eef&nbsp;b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc Tr\u1eddi Th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>nagas&nbsp;<\/em>(lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng, hay&nbsp;Long V\u01b0\u01a1ng). Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;b\u00ed m\u1eadt&nbsp;n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 2 sau CN, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;thi\u00eang li\u00eang&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd&nbsp;t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 2 sau CN.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Warder<\/strong>, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd lu\u1eadn&nbsp;k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y t\u1eeb th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd&nbsp;mang&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;b\u00ed m\u1eadt,&nbsp;b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n&nbsp;g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o truy\u1ec1n&nbsp;b\u00ed m\u1eadt&nbsp;gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<strong>s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1ecba \u0111\u1eb7t&nbsp;<\/strong>hay<strong>&nbsp;b\u00f4i b<\/strong><strong>\u00e1t&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u1ec1&nbsp;n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u (truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1) m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 600 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3!. Kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i c\u00e1c&nbsp;kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng&nbsp;trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho&nbsp;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;trong th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u00f2n&nbsp;t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch&nbsp;m\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n,&nbsp;theo nh\u01b0&nbsp;l\u00fd lu\u1eadn&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, trong Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (<em>Mahaparinibbana Sutta<\/em>), ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng:<em>\u201c<strong>Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec hay&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;b\u00ed truy\u1ec1n&nbsp;n\u00e0o c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea5u trong n\u1eafm tay c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y c\u1ea3<\/strong>\u201d<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ki\u1ec3u&nbsp;tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;cho r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7&nbsp;n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c&nbsp;c\u0169ng&nbsp;nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;\u0111\u1ee7&nbsp;th\u00f4ng minh&nbsp;v\u00e0o th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;(\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;tri\u1ec3n khai&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba) ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;<strong>t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1 cao&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1ee3ng phong&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u1ecb tr\u00ed&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1eed&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c&nbsp;trong th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t,&nbsp;<strong><em>Ratnakuta&nbsp;<\/em>Sutra&nbsp;<\/strong>(<em>Kinh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ea3o&nbsp;T\u00edch<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, l\u0103ng m\u1ea1 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng<br>\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng&nbsp;Thanh V\u0103n(<em>Savakas<\/em>),&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>(<em>Arahants<\/em>) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi con\u2019 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed!&nbsp;S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c&nbsp;<em>kinh<\/em>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, khinh khi v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u2018ti\u1ec3u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019 (<em>hina<\/em>) c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu h\u01a1n. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3&nbsp;m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong><em>b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;bao dung&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m&nbsp;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 v\u1ed1n l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>tinh th\u1ea7n&nbsp;\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c<\/em><\/strong>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;<em>Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p<\/em>&nbsp;m\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(b) \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;Tin C\u1eady&nbsp;C\u1ee7a \u201c<em>Ba R\u1ed7 Kinh\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>(Tipitaka)So V\u1edbi Nh\u1eefng Phi\u00ean B\u1ea3n Ghi Ch\u00e9p C\u1ee7a Nh\u1eefng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i Kh\u00e1c<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong quy\u1ec3n \u201c<strong>Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Theo Nh\u01b0&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali<\/strong>\u201d c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;<strong>Nanamoli<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn3\"><strong>[3]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>, \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i&nbsp;tham lu\u1eadn&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;T.W. Rhys Davids, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Pali&nbsp;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201c<em>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y&nbsp;th\u00e2m s\u00e2u,&nbsp;v\u1eafn t\u1eaft&nbsp;n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y&nbsp;t\u1ef1 do&nbsp;khai tri\u1ec3n ra th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t&nbsp;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;hay nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang&nbsp;m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng thay&nbsp;v\u00ec v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;c\u00f4ng phu&nbsp;x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;(t\u1ee9c&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; v\u00e0&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;45 n\u0103m d\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean l\u00fd v\u00e0&nbsp;chi ti\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n cho c\u00e1c&nbsp;m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;ki\u1ec3m tra&nbsp;s\u1ef1&nbsp;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;khi c\u00e1c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;gi\u1ecfi giang \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhu\u1ea7n nhuy\u1ec5n trong vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t,&nbsp;tinh th\u00f4ng&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;ph\u00e1p si\u00eau&nbsp;th\u1ec3,&nbsp;vi di\u1ec7u&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd<\/em>&nbsp;<em>(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;gi\u1ecfi giang, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y&nbsp;tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi&nbsp;gia nh\u1eadp&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;-ND)<\/em>&nbsp;<em>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea7y tu sa-m\u00f4n&nbsp;kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c,&nbsp;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;y\u00eau c\u1ea7u&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb trong&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;(khi&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;&#8211; ND), th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1&nbsp;tin c\u1eady&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0o&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;h\u01a1n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i&nbsp;kh\u00e1c<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>2.&nbsp;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt D\u00f9ng \u0110\u1ec3 Gi\u1ea3ng D\u1ea1y (<em>Buddhavacana<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo b\u1ed9 \u201cVinayapitaka Cullavagga\u201d (\u201c<em>Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m<\/em>\u201d, V, 33) c\u1ee7a&nbsp;<strong>Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn4\"><strong>[4]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;<em>\u201cng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u201d(<\/em><strong><em>saka nirutti<\/em><\/strong><em>)<\/em>, m\u00e0&nbsp;lu\u1eadn s\u01b0&nbsp;Pali&nbsp;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c&nbsp;l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Buddhaghosa<\/strong>&nbsp;(Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m) \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch: \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;(hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef) c\u1ee7a<strong>&nbsp;Magadhi<\/strong>&nbsp;(Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;<strong>kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p&nbsp;h\u1ecd d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u0103n k\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f3 hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>T\u1ef3 kheo<\/em>&nbsp;t\u00ean l\u00e0 Yamelu v\u00e0 Tekula, khi&nbsp;di\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;than phi\u1ec1n&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc v\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1ed9c kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m&nbsp;mai m\u1ed9t&nbsp;nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;c\u00e1ch \u0111i&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd c\u00f2n mu\u1ed1n chuy\u1ec3n nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng v\u0103n k\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n (<em>chandaso<\/em>), nh\u01b0ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ra ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ea5m&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m&nbsp;n\u00e0y.&nbsp;Tr\u1ea3i qua&nbsp;2.400 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00f3, ch\u1eef&nbsp;<strong>\u2018<\/strong><strong><em>saka nirutti<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb&nbsp;cho&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Magadhi (Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 19, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;quan t\u00e2m&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 khi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Pali&nbsp;uy\u00ean b\u00e1c&nbsp;nh\u01b0&nbsp;<strong>Rhys Davids&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Oldenberg&nbsp;<\/strong>b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch v\u0103n b\u1ea3n&nbsp;<strong>T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt (<em>Vinaya<\/em>)<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn5\"><strong>[5]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;ra ti\u1ebfng Anh, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018Ta&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p&nbsp;c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo, h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;<em>(\u201cI allow you, O&nbsp;<\/em><em>Bhikkhus<\/em><em>, to learn the words of the Buddha each in his own dialect\u2019) \u2500&nbsp;<\/em>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0:&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;ri\u00eang, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3&nbsp;xu h\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eeb&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Geiger<\/strong>&nbsp;th\u00ec l\u1ea1i theo&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa (Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m), cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;c\u00e2u ch\u1ec9&nbsp;th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0&nbsp;m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef m\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111ang d\u00f9ng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;Rhys Davids, sau khi suy nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i, c\u0169ng&nbsp;t\u1ecf ra&nbsp;b\u1ecb&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c&nbsp;b\u1edfi&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa. Sau n\u00e0y, trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;ch\u1eef&nbsp;<strong>\u2018<\/strong><strong><em>saka nirutti<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o. Trong L\u1eddi T\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a quy\u1ec3n T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh do&nbsp;ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;T.W. Rhys Davids v\u00e0 William Stede&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n&nbsp;v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n \u1edf London n\u0103m 1921-1925, \u00f4ng ta cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali trong&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<strong>Kosala<\/strong>, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ebb c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y,&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Law<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn6\"><strong>[6]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>, trong quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>\u201cL\u1ecbch S\u1eed&nbsp;V\u0103n H\u1ecdc&nbsp;Pali\u201d<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3&nbsp;\u00fd ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;cho r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu&nbsp;ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;khi cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u2018<em>chandasa<\/em>\u2019 l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u2018<em>saka nirutti<\/em>\u2019 th\u00ec c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Magadhi (Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n&nbsp;gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y (<em>vacanamagga<\/em>). Theo \u00f4ng Law,&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ph\u00e2n chia&nbsp;th\u00e0nh hai d\u00f2ng, l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a V\u1ec7-\u0110\u1ea1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n \u0111ang d\u00f9ng h\u00f4m nay, v\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p&nbsp;h\u1ecdc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n V\u1ec7-\u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 (c\u1ee7a t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n), ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n&nbsp;th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;kh\u00e1c. Law \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201c<em>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua&nbsp;s\u1ef1&nbsp;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i qu\u00e1 xa v\u00e0 cho r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi ch\u1eef \u201c<strong>saka nirutti<\/strong><\/em>\u201d<em>,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n&nbsp;gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y&nbsp;duy nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a Magadhi (Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0). Th\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00f4 l\u00fd,&nbsp;sai l\u1ea7m&nbsp;v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n khi cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;ban h\u00e0nh&nbsp;quy \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Magadhi (Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) l\u00e0&nbsp;h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c&nbsp;ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n&nbsp;\u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn&nbsp;duy nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;khi h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c&nbsp;ph\u00e1t ng\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(a)&nbsp;Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ti\u1ec7n&nbsp;Gi\u1ea3ng D\u1ea1y Cho C\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 Kheo<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;\u00fd ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea3m t\u00ednh m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Law c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb&nbsp;lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt&nbsp;th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3.&nbsp;Tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i&nbsp;th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, phong t\u1ee5c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng mong mu\u1ed1n theo h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf c\u00f9ng ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y v\u00e0&nbsp;h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3 theo&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p&nbsp;n\u00f3i-nghe b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1ch&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i<strong>&nbsp;Buddhaghosa&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m)&nbsp;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;tinh th\u1ea7n&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3&nbsp;nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;do ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng.&nbsp;Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc theo&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p&nbsp;n\u00f3i nghe, truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0&nbsp;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3&nbsp;n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc,&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;chung &#8211;&nbsp;<strong>ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng&nbsp;&#8211;<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00ec khi d\u00f9ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;chung, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 sai s\u00f3t khi nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i hay t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00e0&nbsp;m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u nghe b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng chung v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng b\u1ed5 sung,&nbsp;s\u1eeda sai.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3 hay&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;sau&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1eb1m&nbsp;b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n&nbsp;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch&nbsp;ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. H\u00e3y t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;s\u1ebd&nbsp;h\u1ed7n lo\u1ea1n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o n\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p,&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng,&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;t\u1ea1i&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau!. Ai s\u1ebd nghe ai v\u00e0 ai s\u1ebd hi\u1ec3u ai?. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng&nbsp;y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1&nbsp;mang t\u00ednh&nbsp;<em>logic<\/em>, h\u1eefu l\u00fd n\u00e0y,&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;<strong>ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;chung th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) v\u00e0o th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;<strong>Kosala&nbsp;<\/strong>(C\u00e2u-x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i), v\u00ec v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c&nbsp;Th\u00edch Ca&nbsp;Sakya l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t x\u1ee9 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Kosala, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Anagarika Dharmapala<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn7\"><strong>[7]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n&nbsp;mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3, t\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi<\/strong>&nbsp;(Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0), \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p&nbsp;v\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1&nbsp;m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, ti\u1ebfng<strong>&nbsp;Ph\u1ea1n<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 v\u1eabn l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;<strong>d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang<\/strong>&nbsp;cho&nbsp;giai c\u1ea5p&nbsp;B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp&nbsp;n\u0103m 1947, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0&nbsp;hay nh\u1eefng \u00f4ng th\u1ea7y Hindu (\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o) thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp cao sang c\u0169ng&nbsp;<strong>kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n&nbsp;<\/strong>d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n cho con em c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ea1o Hindu thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp&nbsp;th\u1ea5p h\u00e8n, h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n \u1edf trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u25aa&nbsp;<strong><u>L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/u><\/strong>: \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;<strong>B.R. Ambedkar<\/strong>&nbsp;(?-1891-7\/12\/1956),&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n&nbsp;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c&nbsp;trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;cho t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u201cb\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng\u201d c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n qua&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;sau n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i d\u1ea1y ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n cho \u00f4ng, v\u00ec \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Hindu thu\u1ed9c&nbsp;giai c\u1ea5p&nbsp;h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n khi c\u00f2n \u0111i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00ec bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1&nbsp;d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, n\u00ean&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi<\/strong>&nbsp;(Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) l\u00e0m&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, m\u1edbi mang l\u1ea1i&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c&nbsp;cho s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng&nbsp;qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, v\u00ec&nbsp;l\u00fd do&nbsp;r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y m\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb v\u00e0&nbsp;gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch hay truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt sang ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu&nbsp;vi ph\u1ea1m&nbsp;s\u1ebd coi l\u00e0&nbsp;ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i<em>&nbsp;t\u00e1c \u00e1c&nbsp;(<strong>dukkata<\/strong>)<\/em>!.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(b)&nbsp;<em>Saka Nirutti&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>\u2212 \u201c<strong>Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&nbsp;Ri\u00eang C\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ch\u00fang Ta<\/strong>\u201d<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1ec1 sau n\u00e0y,&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;TS.&nbsp;<strong>Mauli Chand Prasad<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn8\"><strong>[8]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tham lu\u1eadn&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&nbsp;l\u1ea1i c\u00f3&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;h\u01a1n v\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. Theo&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi<\/strong>&nbsp;(Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef hay l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9&nbsp;th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, gi\u1ed1ng&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1&nbsp;nh\u01b0&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Hindi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0:&nbsp;<strong>\u2018<\/strong><strong><em>nij bhasa<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong>&nbsp;(ngh\u0129a g\u1ed1c l\u00e0:&nbsp;Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;ri\u00eang,&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang&nbsp;m\u00ecnh). \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch ch\u1eef&nbsp;<strong>\u2018<\/strong><strong><em>saka nirutti<\/em><\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong>&nbsp;l\u00e0:&nbsp;<strong>\u2018ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;<\/strong><em>(ri\u00eang)<\/em><strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta<\/strong><strong>\u2019<\/strong>, v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u201c<strong>Ta&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;(ri\u00eang) c\u1ee7a&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta<\/strong>\u201d<\/em>,(*) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng<strong>&nbsp;Magadhi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>S\u1ef1&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;n\u00e0y th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u00f9ng l\u00fac&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng minh&nbsp;cho&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&nbsp;v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Yamelu v\u00e0&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Tekula \u0111\u01b0a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y&nbsp;th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u1eef \u2018<em>saka nirutti<\/em>\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018<em>nij bhasa<\/em>\u2019 c\u0169ng mang m\u1ed9t&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;tr\u1ea3i qua&nbsp;qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;th\u1ebf h\u1ec7&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;th\u1eadt c\u00e1ch xa gi\u1eefa hai&nbsp;th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u1ea3 hai ch\u1eef \u0111\u1ec1u mang m\u1ed9t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2019 hay \u2018ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi&nbsp;th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ch\u1eef.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(*) \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, trong ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t ch\u1eef \u2018Ri\u00eang\u2019 l\u00e0 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u1ee7a \u2018ch\u00fang ta\u2019 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;hay&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang&nbsp;ai. Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef chung c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2019, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1eef \u2018ri\u00eang\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018chung\u2019 mang&nbsp;hai ngh\u0129a&nbsp;g\u1ed1c kh\u00e1c nhau. (ND).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>3.&nbsp;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&nbsp;Pali L\u00e0 G\u00ec?<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo&nbsp;<strong>Childers<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn9\"><strong>[9]<\/strong><\/a><\/strong>, ti\u1ebfng Magadhi (Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9&nbsp;<strong>Prakrits&nbsp;<\/strong>ho\u1eb7c Arya c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u1ed5.&nbsp;Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;Prakrits n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN \u1edf Magadha (Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0), g\u1ea7n t\u1ec9nh Bihar ng\u00e0y nay, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;trung t\u00e2m&nbsp;quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n&nbsp;v\u0103n minh&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u00e0o th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ti\u1ebfng Magadhi \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;ch\u1ebft h\u01a1n 2000 n\u0103m. T\u1eeb&nbsp;<strong>\u2018<em>Pali\u2019&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>trong ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, h\u00e0ng, d\u00e3y\u201d v\u00e0&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng, d\u00e3y hay&nbsp;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;kinh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kho t\u00e0ng&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1eeb&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Pali (ti\u1ebfng Anh:&nbsp;<strong>Pali Text<\/strong>), l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u201cKinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y\u201d. V\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>Palibhasa<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cng\u00f4n ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;d\u00f9ng trong kinh\u201d, v\u00e0&nbsp;d\u0129 nhi\u00ean&nbsp;n\u00f3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi&nbsp;ch\u1eef: \u201c<strong>ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;Magadhi<\/strong>\u201d (Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) l\u00e0 t\u00ean&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;duy nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;thi\u00eang li\u00eang&nbsp;hay&nbsp;th\u00e1nh ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, ti\u1ebfng Pali l\u00e0&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n&nbsp;trong m\u1ed9t&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:&nbsp;<strong><em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><em>(\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng)&nbsp;<strong>cho m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/strong>, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;<\/em><strong>\u2018<em>Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;<\/em>Ph\u1eadt<\/strong>\u2019, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;giao ti\u1ebfp, ghi ch\u00e9p kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng&nbsp;ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<strong><em>lingua franca<\/em><\/strong>, m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;chung do c\u00e1c&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;theo&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;ch\u1ebf ra, b\u1edfi v\u00ec&nbsp;n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;ngh\u1ecbch l\u00fd&nbsp;n\u00e0y?.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(<em>\u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a: \u201clingua franca\u201d l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c&nbsp;n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;trao \u0111\u1ed5i&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhau;&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;chung -ND)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3 cho ta th\u1eadt r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;(<em>Theras<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ghi nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;kinh Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(<em>Dhamma<\/em>) v\u00e0 kinh Lu\u1eadt (<em>Vinaya<\/em>) b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;<strong>ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;g\u1ed1c&nbsp;<\/strong>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u1ed1n sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;ch\u1ebft, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n danh l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u1ea5t, cho n\u00ean&nbsp;<strong>m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;kh\u00f3 tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;<\/strong>l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00e1m&nbsp;chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;g\u1ed1c m\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng qua m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;kh\u00e1c, theo ki\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i&nbsp;kh\u00e1c chuy\u1ec3n&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng qua ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;nghi\u00eam c\u1ea5m&nbsp;t\u1eeb l\u00fac Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf! C\u00e1ch&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00f3 v\u1ebb c\u00f3 l\u00fd h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1edd&nbsp;<strong>v\u00e0o l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, s\u1ef1&nbsp;c\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn&nbsp;t\u1eadn t\u1ee5y v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i v\u1ec1&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;<\/strong>c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a trong vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;l\u01b0u truy\u1ec1n&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;th\u00f4ng qua&nbsp;con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ti\u1ebfng Pali l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u2018n\u00f3i\u2019, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111i theo&nbsp;v\u00e0 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nh\u01b0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;thi\u00eang,&nbsp;th\u00e1nh ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 d\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0:&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan&nbsp;(Sri Lanka), Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n (Myanmar) v\u00e0 Th\u00e1i Lan, n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft&nbsp;<em>theo b\u1ed9&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>B\u01b0\u1edbc qua&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1ea3ng ch\u1eef c\u00e1i La-tinh&nbsp;<em>(the Roman alphabets)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i&nbsp;(\u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00fa nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;tr\u00ean&nbsp;th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Malay\u2026), cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 h\u1eefu \u00edch n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;phi\u00ean chuy\u1ec3n&nbsp;c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Pali b\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 La-tinh: d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc,&nbsp;r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0&nbsp;ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Pali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(a) Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c &amp; Qu\u00ea H\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ee7a Ti\u1ebfng Pali<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u00f4m \u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Pali. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Pali tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali&nbsp;v\u0103n h\u1ecdc&nbsp;ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 Magadhi<\/strong>&nbsp;(Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) do&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;sau n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3&nbsp;\u00fd ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean&nbsp;nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1ec1&nbsp;tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Paisaci<\/strong>, v\u1ed1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y, trong khi Magadhi (Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ti\u1ebfng Pali&nbsp;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Magadhi (Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) m\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong>Ch\u1ec9 D\u1ee5 Asoka<\/strong>&nbsp;(vua A-D\u1ee5c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1, vua Asoka&nbsp;y\u00eau c\u1ea7u&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quan th\u01b0&nbsp;l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o v\u00e0 cho kh\u1eafc, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1&nbsp;d\u00e2n ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft hay \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;c\u1ee7a<strong>&nbsp;Salonmon<sup>19<\/sup><\/strong>&nbsp;cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng v\u00e0o th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0) (<strong>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;1<\/strong>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;b\u1edfi&nbsp;\u0111a s\u1ed1&nbsp;d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, m\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y c\u00e1c&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y&nbsp;<em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00f3<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ed9t&nbsp;tham lu\u1eadn&nbsp;t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9,&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Law<sup>5<\/sup><\/strong>,&nbsp;k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t&nbsp;k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn&nbsp;v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Pali m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch&nbsp;ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;<strong>Bhikkhu Bodhi<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn10\"><strong>[10]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;<\/strong>th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0a ra&nbsp;\u00fd ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;r\u1ea5t&nbsp;uy\u00ean b\u00e1c&nbsp;cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;<strong><em>lingua franca<\/em><\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u1edf mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;ch\u1eebng 200 n\u0103m sau&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3&nbsp;th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt!.&nbsp;R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng&nbsp;l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0a ra mang&nbsp;t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch&nbsp;r\u1ea5t&nbsp;<strong>h\u00e0n l\u00e2m<\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng nhi\u1ec1u trong s\u1ed1&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 mang nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9&nbsp;<em>kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp<\/em>&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;<strong>nh\u1eefng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;<\/strong>&amp;&nbsp;<strong>ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng&nbsp;<\/strong>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(b)&nbsp;Vai Tr\u00f2&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Trong Vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;G\u00ecn Gi\u1eef,&nbsp;B\u1ea3o T\u1ed3n&nbsp;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&nbsp;Pali<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Khi b\u00e0n v\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1u&nbsp;t\u1ecf ra&nbsp;nghi ng\u1edd, kh\u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;trong nh\u1eefng k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;trong vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;l\u00e0m&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o&nbsp;<strong>s\u1ef1&nbsp;ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n&nbsp;<\/strong>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp, cho n\u00ean&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi&nbsp;h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3ng&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;ch\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;ba k\u1ef3&nbsp;hay ba&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi&nbsp;th\u1eb3ng th\u1eafn&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t ra l\u00e0: \u201cNg\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y hay mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;trong nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t, Th\u1ee9 Hai v\u00e0 Th\u1ee9 Ba?\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong l\u1ea7n&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec&nbsp;nghi ng\u1edd&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0), b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a&nbsp;h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi h\u1ecdc&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>ch\u00ednh&nbsp;<\/em>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong l\u1ea7n&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp&nbsp;h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 nghe t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;t\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;v\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt \u1edf Vesali. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 8&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn ra \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;\u201c<strong>10 \u0110i\u1ec3m<\/strong>\u201d\u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Ananda v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Anuraddha&nbsp;n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng.&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i nh\u1ea5t,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;<strong>Sabbakami&nbsp;<\/strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;ph\u00e2n x\u1eed. V\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;t\u1eeb hai&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1eed&nbsp;n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;l\u1ea1i&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;\u1edf k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfng Pali v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Ujjaini hay ti\u1ebfng Paisaci hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed cho ti\u1ebfng Pali nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;m\u1edbi do c\u00e1c&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;t\u1ea1o ra sau k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;trung gian&nbsp;(<em>lingua franca,&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;chung)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u&nbsp;t\u1ecf ra&nbsp;thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t,&nbsp;b\u1ecf qu\u00ean&nbsp;nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Theravadin v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 Sthavarivada) \u0111\u1ee9ng ra ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<strong><em>c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong><em>(hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2018kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i\u2019, \u2018b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7\u2019 nh\u1ea5t)<\/em>&nbsp;trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng nghi Lu\u1eadt trong&nbsp;t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n,&nbsp;tu vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n&nbsp;b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Vinaya<\/em>) theo \u0111\u00fang nghi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;trong v\u00f2ng&nbsp;hai&nbsp;tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ee9 hai, Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Moggaliputta Tissa&nbsp;<\/strong>(\u00e2m H\u00e1n:&nbsp;M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean T\u1eed \u0110\u1ebf Tu), ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Ba \u1edf Pataliputta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o l\u01b0u&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c theo&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i&nbsp;l\u00e0m th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0, h\u00e0ng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd&nbsp;d\u1ea1y&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng: Acaryaparampara<\/em>) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi v\u1ecb&nbsp;<strong>A-la-h\u00e1n Mahinda<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>Sangha<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan,&nbsp;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&nbsp;gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;n\u00e0y c\u0169ng s\u1ebd&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Ba \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;<strong>duy tr\u00ec&nbsp;s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;sai l\u1ec7ch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t&nbsp;<strong>hy h\u1eefu&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;v\u00f4 l\u00fd<\/strong>&nbsp;khi&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;hay&nbsp;ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a&nbsp;l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ph\u00e1t minh ra m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;m\u1edbi v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;r\u1ee7i ro&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;sai l\u1ec7ch nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>4.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo nh\u01b0&nbsp;ghi ch\u00e9p trong quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Cullavagga Kh.&nbsp;<\/em>XI (Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;XI) c\u1ee7a&nbsp;<strong>Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<sup>4<\/sup><\/strong>, Ng\u00e0i Maha Kassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca-Di\u1ebfp) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng&nbsp;xu h\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;l\u00e0nh m\u1ea1nh&nbsp;trong&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;ngay sau khi&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea1i&nbsp;<strong><em>Kinh &amp; Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>(Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt) nh\u1eb1m&nbsp;ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba,&nbsp;b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7&nbsp;ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb d\u00ednh nhi\u1ec5m b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;sai l\u1ec7ch (d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o&nbsp;hay&nbsp;t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p).&nbsp;S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9 \u1edf Rajagaha (Raigir, th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng-X\u00e1)&nbsp;<strong><em>ba th\u00e1ng<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;sau ng\u00e0y&nbsp;<strong><em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. N\u0103m tr\u0103m v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n 7 th\u00e1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng hang \u0111\u1ed9ng&nbsp;<strong>Sattapanni&nbsp;<\/strong>tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ed3i Vebhara \u1edf&nbsp;<strong>Rajagaha&nbsp;<\/strong>(th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng-X\u00e1). Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>\u0110\u1ea1i Ca Di\u1ebfp&nbsp;<\/strong>l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb. Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Upali&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;<strong>Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/strong>. Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u: \u201c<strong><em>Tena Samayena<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d \u2013 \u201cTh\u1eddi n\u1ecd\u2026\u201d, \u201cL\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd\u2026\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Ananda&nbsp;<\/strong>l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi&nbsp;tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<strong>Kinh T\u1ea1ng<\/strong>, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1edd v\u00e0o&nbsp;t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u00e0&nbsp;ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n nghe tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;l\u00e0m th\u1ecb gi\u1ea3&nbsp;h\u1ea7u c\u1ea1nh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. V\u00ec Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t&nbsp;h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng&nbsp;to\u00e0n nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>, Ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c&nbsp;h\u1ebft m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111ang&nbsp;nghi\u00eang m\u00ecnh&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng s\u00e0ng, hai ch\u00e2n gi\u01a1 l\u00ean tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i sau m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0i&nbsp;c\u00f4ng phu&nbsp;thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;khai m\u1ea1c ngay s\u00e1ng h\u00f4m sau. S\u00e1ch&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, Ng\u00e0i Ananda l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;duy nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc&nbsp;qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 th\u1ebf&nbsp;b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;nh\u01b0 \u0111ang n\u1eb1m, \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i, \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng hay \u0111ang \u0111i. Trong l\u1ea7n&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i Ananda lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch&nbsp;r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;<strong><em>n<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>\u01a1i&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><em>(kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u) v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>\u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;<em>(kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i cho ai nghe)<\/em>, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2u: \u201c<strong><em>Evam me sutam<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d &#8211; \u201cT\u00f4i nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y\u2026<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(a)&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng C\u00f3 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ee5ng \u0110\u1ecdc T\u1ea1i K\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t N\u00e0y Kh\u00f4ng?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1ec1 R\u1ed7 Kinh th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a ba R\u1ed7 Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka&nbsp;<\/em>(Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh), th\u00ec c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i.&nbsp;Theo nh\u01b0&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Warder<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(<em>Abhidhmma<\/em>), nh\u01b0ng b\u00ean trong ph\u00e1i Sarvastavadin (Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9) v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Dhammagupta th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(<em>Abhidhamma<\/em>). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i C\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;hay&nbsp;<strong><em>M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ec1&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><em>T\u1ed5ng Qu\u00e1t (<strong>Matikas<\/strong>) c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(Abhidhamma)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3&nbsp;nghi ng\u1edd&nbsp;v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ec1&nbsp;<\/em><em>T\u1ed5ng Qu\u00e1t (Matikas)<\/em>&nbsp;b\u1edfi v\u00ec&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Pali \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p r\u00f5 l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;cho m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi (<em>l\u00e0 Ho\u00e0ng H\u1eadu&nbsp;<\/em><em>M\u0101y\u0101 \u0111\u00e3 qua&nbsp;\u0111\u1eddi sau&nbsp;khi sinh&nbsp;Th\u00e1i T\u1eed&nbsp;Siddatha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 7 ng\u00e0y)&nbsp;<\/em>\u1edf&nbsp;c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi&nbsp;Tavatimsa (\u0110ao-L\u1ee3i) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Sariputta&nbsp;<\/strong>(X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t) m\u1ed7i khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi quay&nbsp;tr\u1edf v\u1ec1&nbsp;tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ecd trai m\u1ed7i ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng (<em>Abhidhamma Pitaka<\/em>) m\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay ch\u1ec9&nbsp;\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong><em>M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ec1&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t (<em>Matika<\/em>) do&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eb1m s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3&nbsp;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 sau n\u00e0y n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9,&nbsp;c\u00f4ng phu&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;<em>(Abhidhamma).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9) v\u00e0 Mahasanghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9) \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng:&nbsp;<em>ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai \u2018r\u1ed7\u2019 kinh l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Kinh T\u1ea1ng<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong>M\u1eabu \u0110\u1ec1<\/strong>&nbsp;(Matikas) c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i Ananda t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(suttas pitaka).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>B\u00e0n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;nghi ng\u1edd&nbsp;v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c th\u1ef1c h\u01b0 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>(<\/em><em>Abhidhamma Pitaka<\/em><em>)<\/em>,&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;xem l\u1ea1i&nbsp;k\u1ef9 r\u1eb1ng, trong&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>(<\/em><em>Sutta Pitaka<\/em><em>)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;<em>(<\/em><em>Abhidhamma<\/em><em>)&nbsp;<\/em>thu\u1ea7n t\u00fay.&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;<em>Kinh<\/em>&nbsp;<em>(<\/em><em>suttas<\/em><em>)<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>\u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n<\/em>&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong><em>ch\u00e2n l\u00fd&nbsp;t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong>(<em>paramattha<\/em>),&nbsp;di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3&nbsp;(<em>anatta<\/em>) ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch&nbsp;t\u01b0 duy&nbsp;th\u00e2m di\u1ec7u, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: khi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;<em>N\u0103m U\u1ea9n<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>khandhas)<\/em><em>, Gi\u1edbi (dhatus: nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1,&nbsp;y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1), X\u1ee9<\/em><em>(ayatanas: M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;gi\u00e1c quan&nbsp;v\u00e0 t\u00e2m linh\u2026)<\/em>\u2026v.v.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;Ng\u00e0i Sariputta (X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t) \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;qu\u00e1n tri\u1ec7t,&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng&nbsp;tri\u1ec3n khai&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;sau n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;mi\u00eau t\u1ea3&nbsp;trong Kinh&nbsp;<em>\u201c<strong>L\u00fd&nbsp;Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi<\/strong>\u201d(Nidana Samyutta XII, 32.)<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201c<em>Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n&nbsp;c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi&nbsp;(Dhamma-dhatu), \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n&nbsp;b\u1edfi X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t. X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t s\u1ebd&nbsp;tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi&nbsp;c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u1eef&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ta c\u1ea7n h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng ta trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, hay hai ng\u00e0y hai \u0111\u00eam, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y b\u1ea3y \u0111\u00eam, th\u00ec X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t c\u0169ng s\u1ebd&nbsp;tri\u1ec3n khai&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, hay hai ng\u00e0y hai \u0111\u00eam, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y b\u1ea3y \u0111\u00eam nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u1eef&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong quy\u1ec3n \u201cThe Expositor\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn11\"><strong>[11]<\/strong><\/a><em>{d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb quy\u1ec3n \u201c<\/em><strong><em>Atthasalini<\/em><\/strong><em>\u201d<\/em><em>&nbsp;(Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;B\u1ed9&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5) c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa (Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m)}<\/em>c\u00f3 ghi r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201c<em>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;giao ph\u00f3&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p&nbsp;lu\u1eadn (naya) cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ec7 T\u1eed&nbsp;th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t (t\u1ee9c Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t -ND) v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c&nbsp;v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00ean m\u00e9 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a b\u00e0n tay m\u1edf ra \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 v\u1eady. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<\/em>(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t -ND)<em>, th\u00ec&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n&nbsp;tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u1ea5t&nbsp;r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Cho n\u00ean sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng l\u1ea1i cho&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;n\u00e0y (<em>t\u1ee9c&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;-ND)<\/em>&nbsp;cho 500 v\u1ecb&nbsp;\u0110\u1ec7 T\u1eed&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc, m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y sau ghi nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i trong tr\u00ed \u00f3c. Theo \u201cthe Expositor\u201d (<em>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;B\u1ed9&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5),&nbsp;<\/em>tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1&nbsp;nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(<em>Abhidhamma<\/em>) l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t l\u1eadp ra b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 sau d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp,&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. Sau \u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o:&nbsp;<strong>X\u00e1-L\u1ee3i-Ph\u1ea5t&nbsp;<\/strong><em>(Sariputta)<\/em>, Bhaddaji, Sobhita, Piyapala, Piyadassi, Kosiyaputta, Siggava, Sandeha,&nbsp;<strong>Moggaliputta Tissa<\/strong>, Visudatta, Dhammiya, Dasaka, Sonaka, Revata v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;kh\u00e1c,&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;t\u1eadn&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Ba.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>L\u00fd do&nbsp;v\u00ec sao c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc th\u1ea7y,&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0&nbsp;tham gia&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;<em>(Abhidhamma)<\/em>?. B\u1edfi v\u00ec&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;r\u1ea5t&nbsp;th\u00e2m s\u00e2u,&nbsp;vi di\u1ec7u&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau chia nhau ra ghi nh\u1edb nh\u1eefng t\u1eadp, quy\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau \u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba&nbsp;b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2. \u1ede&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;lu\u00f4n c\u00f3&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba&nbsp;b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eaft qu\u00e3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u1ebf h\u1ec7&nbsp;nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y. Khi&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan, n\u0103m&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng Gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Mahinda, Iddhiya, Uttiya<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Bhaddanama&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Sambalada<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 mang&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;t\u1eeb&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;sang, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;<em>(Abhidhamma)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;l\u1ea7n&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u0169ng \u1edf \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p v\u00e0o&nbsp;l\u00e1 B\u1ed1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(b) Nh\u1eefng H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t D\u00e0nh Cho Ng\u00e0i Ananda<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sau khi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng, tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt<em>&nbsp;(Dhamma &amp; Vinaya)<\/em>, c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;n\u0103m h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t d\u00e0nh cho Ng\u00e0i Ananda. Ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n&nbsp;m\u00ecnh, Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3&nbsp;t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i&nbsp;g\u00ec.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;\u00fd th\u1ee9c&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi&nbsp;mong \u0111\u1ee3i&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>Sangha<\/em>. Nh\u1eefng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng x\u1ea3y ra khi\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i Ananda b\u1ecb&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;x\u1eed l\u00fd b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1) Ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;<strong><em>kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 trong&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sau khi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111i xa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. B\u1edfi v\u00ec&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i Maha Kassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca-Di\u1ebfp)&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng&nbsp;nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o.&nbsp;Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00fd&nbsp;do&nbsp;ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng&nbsp;n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra cho&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;\u1ea5y.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i Maha Kassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca-Di\u1ebfp) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u: \u201c<em>N\u1ebfu&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;thay \u0111\u1ed5i&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i C\u1ed3-\u0110\u00e0m (Gotama) \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda tr\u00ean&nbsp;th\u1ebf gian&nbsp;thi\u00eau x\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a t\u1eaft<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2) Ng\u00e0i Ananda, trong khi may v\u00e1 l\u1ea1i y c\u0169 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;<strong><em>gi\u1eabm ch\u00e2n l\u00ean y&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do&nbsp;v\u00f4 \u00fd, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ednh v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i trong chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3) Ng\u00e0i Ananda&nbsp;<strong><em>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;thi th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef&nbsp;v\u00e0 b\u1ecb \u01b0\u1edbt d\u01a1 b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0y r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng, ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1eaft h\u1ecd ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o vi\u1ebfng thi th\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4) Ng\u00e0i Ananda&nbsp;<strong><em>\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;k\u00e9o d\u00e0i th\u00eam ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf&nbsp;th\u1ebf gian&nbsp;n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;t\u00e2m tr\u00ed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Ananda b\u1ecb \u00e1m b\u1edfi&nbsp;Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;(Mara).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5) Ng\u00e0i Ananda&nbsp;<strong><em>\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c&nbsp;ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;l\u00e0m&nbsp;ch\u1ea1nh l\u00f2ng&nbsp;bi m\u1eabn c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u00e0 Mahapajapati Gotami (\u00e2m H\u00e1n: Maha&nbsp;Ba X\u00e0 Ba \u0110\u1ec1&nbsp;C\u1ed3-\u0111\u00e0m Ni), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00ec ru\u1ed9t&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi&nbsp;c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1eb9 k\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0 d\u00ec m\u1eabu&nbsp;nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng&nbsp;Th\u00e1i T\u1eed&nbsp;Siddhatta h\u1ed3i c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u25aa&nbsp;<em>\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam cho&nbsp;chi ti\u1ebft&nbsp;l\u00fd do&nbsp;v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t th\u1ee9 5 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3&nbsp;th\u1ec3 tham&nbsp;kh\u1ea3o&nbsp;tham lu\u1eadn&nbsp;\u201c<strong>L\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u1eed Ni \u0110o\u00e0n<\/strong>\u201d c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;Dr. Chatsumarn Kabilsingh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch &amp; \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean T\u1eadp san&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n&nbsp;s\u1ed1 54,&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.phapluanonline.com\/\">www.phapluanonline.com<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/em>(ND).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(c)&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ecbnh&nbsp;H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t N\u1eb7ng H\u01a1n D\u00e0nh Cho Ng\u00e0i Channa<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ee5c&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp theo&nbsp;l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 khai tr\u1eeb&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;d\u00e0nh cho Ng\u00e0iChanna m\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi&nbsp;di hu\u1ea5n&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi&nbsp;<em>\u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00ec&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;n\u00e0y v\u1ed1n&nbsp;ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a&nbsp;l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1eef ng\u1ef1a cho&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;khi Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u00e0&nbsp;Th\u00e1i T\u1eed&nbsp;Siddattha. V\u1ecb n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t&nbsp;ngang b\u01b0\u1edbng, cao ng\u1ea1o v\u00e0&nbsp;xem th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o trong&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n, v\u00ec&nbsp;\u1ef7 l\u1ea1i&nbsp;m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;<strong>Ghositarama&nbsp;<\/strong>\u1edf&nbsp;<strong>Kosambi&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o&nbsp;cho Ng\u00e0i Channa v\u1ec1 H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t. Ng\u00e0i Channa \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5&nbsp;v\u00e0 g\u1ee5c ng\u00e3 khi nghe&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea9y chay m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 h\u1ed1t ho\u1ea3ng, \u0111au bu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y&nbsp;h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn, \u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng&nbsp;m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh&nbsp;v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7y&nbsp;quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m&nbsp;tu s\u1eeda&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng&nbsp;th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc&nbsp;qu\u1ea3&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>. Sau khi&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng, th\u00ec h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t d\u00e0nh cho \u00f4ng c\u0169ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n&nbsp;hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c&nbsp;n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(d) Ng\u00e0i Purana &amp; T\u00e1m \u0110i\u1ec1u&nbsp;Mi\u1ec5n Ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;V\u1ec1&nbsp;Th\u1ee9c \u0102n<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sau khi c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean,&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng, Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Purana&nbsp;<\/strong>th\u00ec \u0111i l\u1ea1i, l\u1ea3ng v\u1ea3ng \u1edf khu \u0110\u1ed3i Nam (<em>Dakkhinagiri<\/em>)&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp t\u1eadp k\u1ebft. \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Rajagaha (th\u00e0nh&nbsp;V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1) v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo. Khi&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh&nbsp;\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c Tr\u00f9ng Tuy\u00ean&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;&amp; gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00f4ng s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean hay kh\u00f4ng?. Ng\u00e0i Purana&nbsp;tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng,&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(Kinh) v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt (Lu\u1eadt) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean r\u1ea5t&nbsp;t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p&nbsp;b\u1edfi c\u00e1c&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o,&nbsp;tuy nhi\u00ean&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n&nbsp;\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1edb th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nghe tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1eeb&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch b\u1edfi&nbsp;<strong>Teitaro Suzuki<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn12\"><strong>[12]<\/strong><\/a>, Ng\u00e0i Purana \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t&nbsp;s\u1ef1&nbsp;h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam v\u00e0o&nbsp;<strong>T\u00e1m \u0110i\u1ec1u<\/strong>\u2026, m\u00e0 theo \u00f4ng ghi nh\u1edb l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p. T\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1) \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef&nbsp;th\u1ee9c \u0103n&nbsp;trong nh\u00e0; (2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ea5u \u0103n trong nh\u00e0; (3) t\u1ef1 n\u1ea5u \u0103n theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; (4) t\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn, l\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n theo \u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh; (5)&nbsp;nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c&nbsp;\u0103n&nbsp;c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm sau khi&nbsp;th\u1ee9c d\u1eady; (6) mang&nbsp;th\u1ee9c \u0103n&nbsp;v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 theo&nbsp;\u00fd mu\u1ed1n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;th\u00ed ch\u1ee7; (7) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c nhau; (8) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng trong ao, \u0111\u00eca.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(<em>\u201cNh\u00e0\u201d \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, th\u1ea5t hay t\u1ecbnh vi\u00ean x\u00e1 hay&nbsp;tu vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;n\u01a1i c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 -ND)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;mi\u1ec5n ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u1ea5m&nbsp;nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c&nbsp;\u0103n th\u1eeba. Ng\u00e0i Maha Kassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca-Di\u1ebfp)&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i Purana \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00fang khi&nbsp;ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;ch\u1ec9&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u00fac \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n khan hi\u1ebfm,&nbsp;thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n&nbsp;m\u00e0 th\u00f4i,&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;khi c\u00e1c&nbsp;<em>T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7&nbsp;th\u1ee9c \u0103n&nbsp;sau m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng \u0111i&nbsp;kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c. V\u00e0&nbsp;v\u00ec v\u1eady, khi&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p&nbsp;khan hi\u1ebfm&nbsp;th\u1ee9c \u0103n&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n n\u1eefa,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1ea1i&nbsp;y\u00eau c\u1ea7u&nbsp;h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;ti\u1ebft ch\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;v\u00e0o T\u00e1m \u0110i\u1ec1u&nbsp;Mi\u1ec5n Ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, Ng\u00e0i Purana \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, \u00f4ng cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed&nbsp;v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi m\u1eb7t, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1 ra&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;theo ki\u1ec3u&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p&nbsp;l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m ho\u1eb7c c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i Maha Kassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca-Di\u1ebfp) b\u00e8n&nbsp;tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&nbsp;l\u00fd do&nbsp;b\u1edfi v\u00ec&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 b\u1eadc&nbsp;to\u00e0n tr\u00ed&nbsp;n\u00ean Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p&nbsp;l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m v\u00e0 c\u1ea5m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;cho ph\u00e9p, n\u00e0y Ng\u00e0i Purana, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;h\u00e3y&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m, s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea5m, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua.&nbsp;Ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;h\u00e3y t\u1ef1&nbsp;tu t\u1eadp&nbsp;theo \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;m\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp ra\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo ghi ch\u00e9p, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i Purana c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0a ra&nbsp;ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i&nbsp;n\u00e0o n\u1eefa, sau khi Ng\u00e0i Maha Kassapa (\u0110\u1ea1i Ca-di\u1ebfp) \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;xong s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Mahisasaka (H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9)&nbsp;tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1&nbsp;ly khai kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a T\u00e1m \u0110i\u1ec1u&nbsp;Mi\u1ec5n Ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;n\u00e0y v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>(Vinaya)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;v\u1ec1 Ng\u00e0i Purana nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb&nbsp;hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m&nbsp;b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y chia r\u1ebd, l\u00e0&nbsp;nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c ly khai tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(e) Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng<\/strong>&nbsp;(hay k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp)&nbsp;<strong>Rajagaha<\/strong>&nbsp;(th\u00e0nh&nbsp;V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ba th\u00e1ng sau khi&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Vua Ajatasattu (A-x\u00e0-th\u1ebf) c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Magadha (Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0) v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m \u00f4ng tr\u1ecb v\u00ec.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;T\u1eadp K\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1)&nbsp;K\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Vinaya Pitaka<\/em>) b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i Upali.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;K\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Sutta Pitaka<\/em>) b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i Ananda.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;Ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m&nbsp;sai c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Ananda.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4)&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;H\u00ecnh Ph\u1ea1t n\u1eb7ng d\u00e0nh cho Ng\u00e0i Channa.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sau khi&nbsp;bi\u00ean t\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea1i&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;qua \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng, nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;cao ni\u00ean,&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;x\u1ebfp \u0111\u1eb7t&nbsp;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch&nbsp;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, sao cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u1edf g\u1ea7n nhau trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng (hay x\u1ee9 s\u1edf) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao&nbsp;tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m&nbsp;ghi nh\u1edb (b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb) m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Magadhi (Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0) v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu&nbsp;k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p&nbsp;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00ec&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;\u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u00f9ng nhau&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt (Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c trong&nbsp;<strong><em>Kinh Gopaka Moggallana<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;(thu\u1ed9c&nbsp;Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh&nbsp;Majjhima-Nikaya), trong \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i Annada \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/em>&nbsp;S\u1ef1&nbsp;h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;(<em>Sangha<\/em>) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u1edf c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd&nbsp;tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7&nbsp;nghi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p m\u1eb7t&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhau&nbsp;2 tu\u1ea7n&nbsp;m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi B\u1ed5n T\u1ef3 Kheo&nbsp;(<em>Patimokkha<\/em>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tr\u00edch Kinh \u201cGopaka Moggallana\u201d, \u0111o\u1ea1n Ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i cho B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Gopaka Moggallana nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u201cN\u00e0y B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7&nbsp;hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb do&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n&nbsp;l\u1eadp ra: Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi B\u1ed5n T\u1ef3 Kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;l\u1eadp th\u00e0nh&nbsp;nghi lu\u1eadt. Trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y B\u1ed1-T\u00e1t (Uposatha) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;ch\u00fang t\u00f4i&nbsp;\u1edf g\u1ea7n chung m\u1ed9t th\u00f4n&nbsp;<\/em>(l\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026-ND)<em>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhau&nbsp;t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7; sau khi h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t,&nbsp;ch\u00fang t\u00f4i&nbsp;m\u1eddi t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn [\u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc Lu\u1eadt Gi\u1edbi B\u1ed1n T\u1ef3 Kheo- Patimokkha]. N\u1ebfu trong khi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh c\u00f3&nbsp;ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i&nbsp;hay&nbsp;ph\u1ea1m gi\u1edbi&nbsp;n\u00e0o, th\u00ec&nbsp;ch\u00fang t\u00f4i&nbsp;b\u1ea3o v\u1ecb \u1ea5y&nbsp;tu\u00e2n theo&nbsp;\u0111\u00fang&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y.&nbsp;Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i lo&nbsp;x\u1eed s\u1ef1&nbsp;v\u1edbi c\u00e1c&nbsp;ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3&nbsp;(tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o). M\u00e0 th\u1eadt ra,&nbsp;ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;x\u1eed s\u1ef1&nbsp;ch\u00fang t\u00f4i\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>5.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf&nbsp;k\u1ef7 sau khi&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;thi\u1ebfu t\u1ef1 tr\u1ecdng thu\u1ed9c th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c Vajjis (c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c B\u1ea1t-k\u1ef3) \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Vesali (T\u1ef3 Xa Li) l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng&nbsp;t\u1ef1 do&nbsp;trong 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u, m\u00e0 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb x\u00e9t l\u00e0 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;Vi ph\u1ea1m&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;(<em>Dasa Vatthuni<\/em>).&nbsp;<strong>Ng\u00e0i Yasa,&nbsp;<\/strong>con c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Kakandaka, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chuy\u00ean gia hay&nbsp;lu\u1eadt s\u01b0&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Vinaya<\/em>) \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb Kosambi. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf t\u1ea1i&nbsp;gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;Kutagara c\u1ee7a&nbsp;t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1&nbsp;Mahavana (\u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m) \u1edf r\u1eebng Mahavana (\u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m), v\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;c\u1ea3nh nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;kh\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng&nbsp;c\u01b0 s\u0129&nbsp;v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Sau khi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u01b0 s\u0129&nbsp;c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo, c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111em v\u1ec1 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i ng\u00e0y chia \u0111\u1ec1u nhau s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n cho nhau, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng chia \u0111\u1ec1u m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n cho Ng\u00e0i Yasa. Khi Ng\u00e0i Yasa t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0&nbsp;qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i&nbsp;th\u00ec h\u1ecd ra m\u1eb7t&nbsp;ph\u00ea b\u00ecnh, khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i Ng\u00e0i Yasa (<em>theo ph\u00e9p \u201cPatisaraniya kamma\u201d (\u00c2m H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: ph\u00e9p&nbsp;Y\u1ebft ma&nbsp;h\u1ea1 \u00fd), m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u201cH\u00f2a Gi\u1ea3i\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0&nbsp;<\/em>\u201c<strong>Ph\u00e9p&nbsp;\u0110\u00ecnh Ch\u1ec9<\/strong>\u201d (<em>Ukkhepaniya kamma<\/em>), c\u00f3&nbsp;hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c&nbsp;tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t Ng\u00e0i Yasa ra kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>Sangha.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(a)&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>10 \u0110i\u1ec1u (<em>Dasa Vatthuni<\/em>) C\u00e1c&nbsp;Tu S\u0129&nbsp;Vajjis (B\u1ea1t-K\u1ef3) \u0110\u00f2i \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;T\u1ef1 Do,&nbsp;Mi\u1ec5n Ch\u1ea5p<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Cullavagga (<\/em>Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;thu\u1ed9c&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng) \u0111\u00e3 ghi l\u1ea1i M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec3m hay M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0110i\u1ec1u&nbsp;Mi\u1ec5n Ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;(<strong><em>Dasa Vatthuni<\/em><\/strong>, ti\u1ebfng Anh: 10 Indulgences Points) nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Vajjis (B\u1ea1t-k\u1ef3) \u0111\u00f2i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u1ef1 do&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Yasa \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1&nbsp;l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1)&nbsp;<strong><em>Sigilona kappa&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 C\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang mu\u1ed1i theo trong m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc s\u1eebng. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt Pacittiya 38, c\u1ea5m t\u1ed3n tr\u1eef&nbsp;th\u1ee9c \u0103n).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2)<strong><em>&nbsp;Dvangula kappa<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u2013 C\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa khi b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebf qu\u00e1 hai ng\u00f3n tay so v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh Ng\u1ecd&nbsp;m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi&nbsp;\u1edf thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh, \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt Pacittiya 37, c\u1ea5m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0103n sau bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a (qu\u00e1 ng\u1ecd).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;<strong><em>Gamantara kappa&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>\u2013 \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0111i v\u00e0o&nbsp;l\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t&nbsp;b\u1eefa \u0103n&nbsp;th\u1ee9 hai trong c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>Pacittiya 35,&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ea5m&nbsp;\u0103n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4)<strong><em>&nbsp;Avasa kappa<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;&#8211;<\/em>&nbsp;Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;nghi th\u1ee9c&nbsp;B\u1ed1-t\u00e1t (<em>Uposatha<\/em>) t\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong m\u1ed9t&nbsp;gi\u00e1o khu&nbsp;(m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng). (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;ghi trong&nbsp;<em>Mahavagga&nbsp;<\/em>II, 8, 3 (\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m): v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa trong m\u1ed9t&nbsp;gi\u00e1o khu&nbsp;(<em>sima).<\/em>)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5)<strong><em>&nbsp;Anumati kappa<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<\/em>Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;n\u01a1i ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00f9ng&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1, v\u1edbi&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t&nbsp;c\u0169ng s\u1ebd&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>Mahavagga IX, 3, 5&nbsp;<\/em>(\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6)<strong><em>&nbsp;Acinna kappa<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;&#8211;<\/em>&nbsp;\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m theo&nbsp;th\u00f3i quen&nbsp;ti\u1ec1n l\u1ec7&nbsp;do ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7)&nbsp;<strong><em>Amathita kappa&nbsp;<\/em>&#8211;&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1ng s\u1eefa (s\u1eefa \u0111\u00f4ng, b\u00e1nh s\u1eefa\u2026) sau&nbsp;b\u1eefa \u0103n. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>Pacittiya<\/em>&nbsp;35, c\u1ea5m&nbsp;\u0103n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>8)&nbsp;<strong><em>Jalogi patum&nbsp;<\/em>&#8211;&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean men, nh\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh r\u01b0\u1ee3u To-di (lo\u1ea1i r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f2a v\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng). (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>Pacittiya<\/em>&nbsp;51, c\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c&nbsp;th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>9)&nbsp;<strong><em>Adasakam nisidanam<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;&#8211;<\/em>&nbsp;\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng&nbsp;t\u1ecda c\u1ee5&nbsp;(t\u1ea5m l\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n) kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang k\u00edch c\u1ee1&nbsp;quy \u0111\u1ecbnh, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec1n tua. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>Pacittiya<\/em>&nbsp;89, c\u1ea5m d\u00f9ng&nbsp;t\u1ecda c\u1ee5&nbsp;c\u00f3 vi\u1ec1n tua v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ed5&nbsp;quy \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>10)&nbsp;<strong><em>Jatarupa rajatam<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp;<\/em>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1c. (\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>Nissaggiya-pacittiya 18,&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ea5m&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n hay l\u00e0&nbsp;nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n&nbsp;khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nh\u1eadn ti\u1ec1n thay cho m\u00ecnh).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sau khi nh\u00f3m&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;ra h\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1t&nbsp;\u0111\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9&nbsp;(<em>Ukkhepaniya kamma<\/em>) tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t Ng\u00e0i Yasa ra kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n, Ng\u00e0i Yasa \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Kosambi v\u00e0 c\u1eed nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0a tin&nbsp;\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u1edf nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y \u1edf Avanti v\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1&nbsp;\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1&nbsp;tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a&nbsp;trong&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>Vinaya<\/em>. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ed3i Ahoganga \u1edf&nbsp;Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng L\u01b0u&nbsp;S\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1o&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<strong>Sambhuta Sanavasi&nbsp;<\/strong>\u1edf th\u00e0nh Mathura v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u00e1p t\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 60&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;t\u1eeb Pava, mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y v\u00e0 88&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;t\u1eeb Avanti v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n Nam.&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;Sambhuta Sanavasi khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh gi\u00e1o&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<strong>Revata&nbsp;<\/strong>\u1edf Soreyya (x\u1ee9 Kanauj), m\u1ed9t&nbsp;cao t\u0103ng&nbsp;r\u1ea5t&nbsp;n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;v\u00ec&nbsp;l\u00f2ng m\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;v\u00e0 s\u1ef1&nbsp;uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;Sambhuta Sanavasi, c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Soreyya \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;Revata. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nghe bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i th\u00e0nh Vesali \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p&nbsp;m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Hai b\u00ean&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;g\u1eb7p nhau&nbsp;t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Sahajati. Ng\u00e0i Yasa \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y v\u1edbi&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;v\u00e0 xin Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;cho bi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u00fd ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;<strong>10 \u0110i\u1ec1u&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean.&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;Revata&nbsp;tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1&nbsp;<em>t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0&nbsp;vi ph\u1ea1m&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(b) 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u (C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 Kheo&nbsp;B\u1ea1t-K\u1ef3) \u0110\u00e3 B\u1ecb Tuy\u00ean B<\/strong><strong>\u1ed1<\/strong><strong>&nbsp;L\u00e0&nbsp;Tr\u00e1i Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;T\u1ea1i&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;x\u1ee9 Vajjis (B\u1ea1t-K\u1ef3) c\u0169ng&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;theo d\u00f5i&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Yasa, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Sahajati t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0 c\u00e1p nh\u1eb1m&nbsp;l\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;tranh th\u1ee7&nbsp;s\u1ef1&nbsp;\u1ee7ng h\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;Revata, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i Revata t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i,&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;nh\u1eadn. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng&nbsp;t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch&nbsp;x\u00fai d\u1ee5c Uttara,&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Revata, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Khi&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>Sangha<\/em>&nbsp;h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh,&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i Revata \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft&nbsp;\u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh Vesali \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;\u0111ang tranh c\u00e3i, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec, ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng c\u00e3i v\u00e3&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn&nbsp;v\u00f4 \u00edch. Sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u1ee7y ban&nbsp;tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i&nbsp;ph\u00e2n x\u1eed. Ng\u00e0i Revata \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn 4&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 4&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y l\u00e0m&nbsp;tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i. C\u00e1c&nbsp;tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i&nbsp;\u1edf mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0: C\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Sabbakami<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Salha<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Khujjasobhita&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Vasabhagamika.&nbsp;<\/strong>Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i&nbsp;t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y l\u00e0: c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Revata, Sambhuta Sanavasi<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Yasa&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Sumana.&nbsp;<\/strong>Trong 8 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i, th\u00ec 6 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Ananda (Ng\u00e0i Ananda s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 120 tu\u1ed5i), trong khi \u0111\u00f3 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Vasabhagamika v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Sumana l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Anuruddha&nbsp;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c&nbsp;(t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n Ng\u00e0i Anuruddha \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn 150 tu\u1ed5i). Khi c\u00e1c&nbsp;tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i&nbsp;chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1, Ng\u00e0i Sabbakami, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;th\u00e2m ni\u00ean&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;<em>(120 tu\u1ed5i H\u1ea1,<\/em>&nbsp;<em>vassas)<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean x\u1eed t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 10 \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Vajjis l\u00e0&nbsp;tr\u00e1i lu\u1eadt,&nbsp;c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>Vinaya.<\/em>&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n x\u1eed c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo ghi ch\u00fa trong quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<strong>Mahavamsa<sup>13<\/sup>&nbsp;<\/strong>(\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan), sau v\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n x\u1eed \u201810 \u0110i\u1ec1u\u2019 n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i Revata \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn ra 700 v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai, v\u1edbi&nbsp;n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c&nbsp;ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tho\u00e1i h\u00f3a&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;trong&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;8 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc, tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o Lu\u1eadt (<em>Dhamma &amp; Vinaya<\/em>) \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m&nbsp;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u1ebf h\u1ec7&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>Yasatthera Sangiti<\/em><\/strong><em>,&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: L\u1ea7n&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;hay&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;Yasa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i Yasa v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Vinaya<\/em>). K\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i&nbsp;<strong>Valukarama<\/strong>, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1&nbsp;<strong>Vesali&nbsp;<\/strong><em>(T\u1ef3-X\u00e1-Ly)<\/em>&nbsp;m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf&nbsp;k\u1ef7 sau khi&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi&nbsp;tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Vua Kalasoka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>6. Cu\u1ed9c Ly Khai L\u1edbn C\u1ee7a C\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo ghi ch\u00e9p trong b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch&nbsp;<strong>Mahavamsa<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn13\"><strong>[13]<\/strong><\/a>(\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan), nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;x\u01b0a Vajjis (B\u1ea1t-K\u1ef3) \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;nh\u1eadn&nbsp;ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t&nbsp;h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng&nbsp;kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ebfn 10.000&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1. V\u00ec con s\u1ed1&nbsp;ch\u00fang t\u0103ng&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1&nbsp;r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>Mahasangiti&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>(\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0), ch\u00ednh c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong><em>Mahasanghika<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong>(\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9) sau \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ly khai l\u1edbn n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c ly khai&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;kh\u00e1c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1i, nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u00e0 theo d\u00f2ng&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;sau \u0111\u00f3, 12 nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eeb Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9) v\u00e0 6 nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i ra \u0111\u1eddi t\u1eeb Mahasanghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(a) N\u0103m&nbsp;L\u00fd Thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean&nbsp;(Mahadeva)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo nh\u01b0&nbsp;quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng&nbsp;kinh Pratimoksa b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n (Sanskrit) c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<em>Mahasamghika&nbsp;<\/em>(\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Rahula Sankrtyayana&nbsp;<\/strong>\u1edf&nbsp;T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1934 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch qua ti\u1ebfng Anh b\u1edfi&nbsp;<strong>Charles S. Prebish<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn14\"><strong>[14]<\/strong><\/a>, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;trong&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Vinaya<\/em>), ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 75 \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;<em>sekhiya&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c Sa-di (67 \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;<em>sekhiya&nbsp;<\/em>trong ph\u00e1i Mahasanghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang b\u1ed9), \u0111\u1ec1u&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1edbi&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Vinaya<\/em>) c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;(Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng minh&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 ly khai&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau trong&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Vinayas<\/em>). Theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Sammitiya (Ch\u00e1nh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9), s\u1ef1 ly khai&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y x\u1ea3y ra trong v\u00e0i th\u1eadp ni\u00ean sau k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp&nbsp;ph\u00e1i Mahasanghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9) l\u00e0 Bhadra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean&nbsp;<strong>Mahadeva<\/strong>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra 5&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>. Theo nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Watters (Xem&nbsp;<strong>Dutt<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn15\"><strong>[15]<\/strong><\/a>,trang 28),&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean&nbsp;l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t&nbsp;th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia&nbsp;B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u1edf th\u00e0nh Mathura, \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;tu vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Kukkutarama trong th\u00e0nh Pataliputra (Hoa Th\u1ecb Th\u00e0nh). B\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m cao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c&nbsp;c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb vua \u0111ang tr\u1ecb v\u00ec l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, \u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi 5&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1)&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n&nbsp;<strong>d\u00ednh D\u1ee5c<\/strong>&nbsp;khi ng\u1ee7 c\u00f2n&nbsp;tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t tinh. (<em>Atthi arahato rago ti<\/em>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2)&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n ch\u00fat \u00edt&nbsp;<strong>V\u00f4 minh.<\/strong><em>&nbsp;(Atthi arahato<\/em><em>&nbsp;ann\u0101nanti).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f2n \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;<strong>nghi ng\u1edd.&nbsp;<\/strong>(<em>Atthi arahato Kankha ti).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4)&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eabn \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t&nbsp;h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf&nbsp;(v\u1ec1&nbsp;n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c&nbsp;n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u2026) b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn&nbsp;<strong>c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<\/strong>.&nbsp;<em>(Atthi arahato paravitarana ti).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5)<em>&nbsp;A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;khi ch\u1ee9ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1o qu\u1ea3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eadt ti\u1ebfng h\u00f4 l\u00ean (nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: \u201caho\u201d).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(b) S\u1ef1&nbsp;B\u00e1c B\u1ecf&nbsp;\u2500&nbsp;Tham kh\u1ea3o&nbsp;b\u1ed9 \u201c<em>Kathavatthu\u201d,&nbsp;<\/em>Book II<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn16\"><strong>[16]<\/strong><\/a><strong><em>(Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t, Quy\u1ec3n II)<\/em><\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u2022&nbsp;<\/strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y)&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;b\u00e1c b\u1ecf&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>th\u00ec \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb&nbsp;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>v\u00f4 minh&nbsp;<\/strong>trong s\u1ef1&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;mi\u00ean m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m. Cho n\u00ean&nbsp;d\u1ee5c \u00e1i&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f2n kh\u1edfi l\u00ean khi \u0111ang ng\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u2022&nbsp;<\/strong>L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean&nbsp;Mahadeva \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng: (1) m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 t\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi,&nbsp;gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v.v\u2026, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u2018v\u00f4 minh\u2019 trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3. (2) Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb&nbsp;l\u00fang t\u00fang, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n nh\u1ea1y b\u00e9n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea3y ra trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng&nbsp;h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y. (3) Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb&nbsp;thua k\u00e9m&nbsp;v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1&nbsp;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&nbsp;ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady so v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;b\u00e1c b\u1ecf&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;tr\u00ean b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&nbsp;th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c&nbsp;trong \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;s\u1ed1ng, kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;d\u00ednh l\u00edu&nbsp;g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c&nbsp;v\u00e0 s\u1ef1&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc&nbsp;tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;<strong>v\u00f4 minh&nbsp;<\/strong>\u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>nghi ng\u1edd&nbsp;<\/strong>huy\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u2022&nbsp;<\/strong>V\u1ec1&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;th\u1ee9 n\u0103m,&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u1eabn&nbsp;b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;li\u00ean quan&nbsp;g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u1ee7a T\u00e2m khi \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n qua Th\u1ee9c&nbsp;Ng\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1o&nbsp;(Path Consciousness).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u2022&nbsp;<\/strong>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng&nbsp;l\u00e0 c\u00e1c&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;(d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o) nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua, b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean&nbsp;Mahadeva,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i&nbsp;ngh\u1ecb (<em>Mahasangiti<\/em>), m\u00e0 theo ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>tham d\u1ef1&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd t\u00e1ch ly h\u1eb3n ra kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c ly khai&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u00fd n\u00e0o cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;<em>nh\u1eefng A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i&nbsp;Ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;Ch\u00fang T\u0103ng&nbsp;hay&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0&nbsp;(<em>Mahasangiti<\/em>) n\u00e0y, th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129&nbsp;xa r\u1eddi&nbsp;th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1edfi v\u00ec&nbsp;hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean&nbsp;nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;<strong><em>\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&nbsp;v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o&nbsp;n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(<\/strong><strong>c)&nbsp;Nguy\u00ean Nh\u00e2n&nbsp;Ban \u0110\u1ea7u&nbsp;D\u1eabn \u0110\u1ebfn Cu\u1ed9c Ly Khai<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;(xem&nbsp;<strong>Dutt (15)<\/strong>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Vajjis (B\u1ea1t-k\u1ef3) \u1edf th\u00e0nh Vesali, nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1&nbsp;t\u1ef1 do, s\u1ef1 \u2018mi\u1ec5n ch\u1ea5p\u2019 trong vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c thi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0&nbsp;l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;tinh th\u1ea7n&nbsp;d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n&nbsp;m\u1ea5t \u0111i trong&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>Sangha<\/em>&nbsp;(v\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00ednh&nbsp;b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng). Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n&nbsp;m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1ng tin&nbsp;b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;\u1edf th\u00e0nh Vesali, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc&nbsp;d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7&nbsp;trong&nbsp;<em>gi\u1edbi tr\u1ecb s\u1ef1<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ecdi&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m&nbsp;h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng&nbsp;nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9 Vesali- nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ed1n&nbsp;n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n&nbsp;tinh th\u1ea7n&nbsp;d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7&nbsp;trong d\u00f2ng m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb l\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd do&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n&nbsp;thi\u00ean c\u1ed5&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;x\u1ee9 Vesali. Khi&nbsp;xem x\u00e9t&nbsp;l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng&nbsp;ph\u1ea1m vi&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;chi ph\u1ed1i&nbsp;tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1&nbsp;t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n, ch\u00fang tr\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ebb l\u00e0&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o&nbsp;v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p l\u1ebd, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn&nbsp;sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>i) Theo s\u1ef1&nbsp;thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>Sangha<\/em>, th\u00ec&nbsp;gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;quy \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;b\u1edfi,&nbsp;chi ph\u1ed1i&nbsp;b\u1edfi&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>(Vinaya)&nbsp;<\/em>do ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1eadp ra. Sau&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ai hay&nbsp;quy\u1ec1n h\u1ea1n&nbsp;n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam cho&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u1ea3, b\u1edfi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;k\u1ebf th\u1eeba&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;c\u1ea3. Thay&nbsp;v\u00ec v\u1eady,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;tu\u00e2n theo&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;nh\u01b0 l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau khi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i xa.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, m\u1ed7i th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>(Sangha)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean&nbsp;t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch&nbsp;b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng&nbsp;v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea3o,&nbsp;t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n&nbsp;v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;kh\u00e1c, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ra l\u1ec7nh hay c\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ebf, b\u1eaft h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;tu\u00e2n theo&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. M\u1ecdi&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;trong&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&nbsp;n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, l\u1ea5y&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;n\u01a1i n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Khi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tranh c\u00e3i x\u1ea3y ra v\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra&nbsp;d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean&nbsp;c\u01a1 s\u1edf&nbsp;<strong>B\u1ed1n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ed1i Ch\u1ee9ng (Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;2)<\/strong>&nbsp;hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n&nbsp;\u1ea4n Ch\u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;mang&nbsp;t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch&nbsp;phong ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;(ch\u1ec9 huy) hay&nbsp;d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7&nbsp;s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t sinh ra.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>ii) \u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai,&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb&nbsp;t\u1eadn g\u1ed1c Tham, S\u00e2n, Si th\u00ec l\u00e0m g\u00ec c\u00f2n mong mu\u1ed1n hay&nbsp;d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;quy\u1ec1n l\u1ef1c&nbsp;hay&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1eadt d\u1ec5 th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 trong&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>Sangha<\/em>, s\u1ef1&nbsp;t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o&nbsp;tu\u1ed5i t\u00e1c&nbsp;th\u00e2m ni\u00ean&nbsp;h\u01a1n l\u00e0&nbsp;d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o&nbsp;s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea1t trong&nbsp;tu h\u00e0nh. Trong Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (Mahaparinibbana Sutta)<\/em>,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh&nbsp;v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u201c<em>ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean&nbsp;t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng,&nbsp;qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng,&nbsp;t\u00f4n k\u00ednh&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;l\u1edbn tu\u1ed5i, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;tu h\u00e0nh&nbsp;l\u00e2u n\u0103m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng l\u00e2u n\u0103m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n, v\u00e0&nbsp;m\u1eb7c nhi\u00ean&nbsp;h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe theo l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>iii) C\u00f3 v\u1ebb&nbsp;nh\u01b0 H\u1ed9i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Hai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c theo ki\u1ec3u ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;th\u00e2m ni\u00ean&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n&nbsp;l\u00e0m&nbsp;tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n x\u1eed \u201c<strong>10 \u0110i\u1ec1u<\/strong>\u201d c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;B\u1ea1t-K\u1ef3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>iv) C\u00f2n v\u1ec1&nbsp;l\u00fd do&nbsp;c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c Ly Khai&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i, d\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;di\u1ec5n d\u1ecbch, tranh c\u00e3i hay b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>(Vinaya)<\/em>. Theo&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Frauwallner<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn17\"><strong>[17]<\/strong><\/a><strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong>ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt trong&nbsp;lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng 6&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i&nbsp;l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9), Mahasanghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9), Mula-sarvastivada (Da-Du-La&nbsp;Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9), Mahisasaka (H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9), Drarmagupta (Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng B\u1ed9), v\u00e0 Sarvastivada (Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9), \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng \u201c<em>Ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y&nbsp;ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t (gi\u1ed1ng)&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhau&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng&nbsp;chi ti\u1ebft.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>v) V\u00ec th\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n&nbsp;nghi ng\u1edd&nbsp;g\u00ec n\u1eefa&nbsp;khi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean&nbsp;(Mahadeva) l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c&nbsp;nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c Ly Khai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i<\/em>. B\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u0103m&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong>ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0<strong>&nbsp;kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m&nbsp;th\u1ebf gian<\/strong>, ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;xem th\u01b0\u1eddng, thi\u1ebfu&nbsp;t\u00f4n k\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;hay&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 Ly Khai th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(d) S\u1ef1 Chuy\u1ec3n D\u1ea1ng V\u1ec1&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;C\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1edfi Nh\u1eefng Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ee7 Tr\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;n\u00e0o, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;t\u00e0i n\u0103ng&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh&nbsp;t\u00ecm ra, ph\u00e1t minh ra&nbsp;Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd, trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec&nbsp;gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9&nbsp;Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd&nbsp;nh\u1edd v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;(hay&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y) v\u1eabn gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean&nbsp;quan ni\u1ec7m&nbsp;n\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 sau n\u00e0y h\u1ecd t\u00f4n vinh th\u00eam&nbsp;h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u201c<strong>To\u00e0n Tr\u00ed<\/strong>\u201d. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i Mahasanghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9) th\u00ec h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo nh\u01b0&nbsp;quy\u1ec3n \u201c<strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t<\/strong>\u201d&nbsp;<em>(Kathavatthu)<\/em><strong><sup>15<\/sup><\/strong>,thu\u1ed9c&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng (Abhidhamma),&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Mahasanghika)&nbsp;quan ni\u1ec7m&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i, kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t chi nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9&nbsp;l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i Andhakas, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u00f3i quen, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u1eddi n\u00f3i&nbsp;h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u01b0\u1ee3t tr\u00ean ph\u00e0m tr\u1ea7n,&nbsp;si\u00eau ph\u00e0m. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u0169ng cho r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec t\u1eeb \u2018con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;(k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 u\u1ebf, th\u1ea3i ti\u1ec7n ra t\u1eeb c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi!) c\u0169ng cao si\u00eau,&nbsp;si\u00eau ph\u00e0m&nbsp;h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 v\u1eady, cho d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c, tr\u1ec7ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i ly khai hay nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;(<strong><em>Nikayas<\/em><\/strong>) \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;gi\u1ed1ng nhau \u2013 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo nh\u00e0&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;<strong>Warder<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong>,&nbsp;phong tr\u00e0o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;(<strong>Mahayana<\/strong>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>Kinh&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong>ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c&nbsp;v\u00f4 danh&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>\u0111\u00e1ng&nbsp;nghi v\u1ea5n&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea7u k\u1ef7 nguy\u00ean C\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o (C\u00f4ng Nguy\u00ean hay CN) \u1edf&nbsp;<strong>Andhra Pradesh mi\u1ec1n Nam&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/strong>. Kinh&nbsp;<strong><em>Saddharma-pundarika<\/em><\/strong>(<em>Kinh Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean Hoa, t\u1ee9c&nbsp;Kinh Ph\u00e1p Hoa<\/em>) gi\u1ea3ng r\u1eb1ng sau khi&nbsp;Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c&nbsp;\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n&nbsp;cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111i t\u00ecm Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd&nbsp;nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3&nbsp;c\u0103n c\u01a1&nbsp;b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap h\u1ecd d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0&nbsp;tu h\u1ecdc&nbsp;d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c&nbsp;\u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n&nbsp;n\u00e0y&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf,&nbsp;B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;L\u00fd Thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra trong b\u00e0i&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho 5 anh em b\u1ea1n tu \u1edf&nbsp;v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc&nbsp;To\u00e0n Tr\u00ed&nbsp;m\u1edbi&nbsp;gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd&nbsp;T\u1ed1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, trong khi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 hay&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;Thanh V\u0103n&nbsp;(<em>Savakas<\/em>) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;tu h\u00e0nh&nbsp;v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;<em>th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;theo<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y trong nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9&nbsp;gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 \u201cKh\u00f4ng B\u1ea3n Ng\u00e3\u201d hay&nbsp;<strong>V\u00f4 Ng\u00e3&nbsp;(<em>annata<\/em>)<\/strong>, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3&nbsp;gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu&nbsp;hay \u201c<strong>T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng\u201d&nbsp;<\/strong>hay \u201c<strong>Ph\u00e1p Kh\u00f4ng<\/strong>\u201d<strong>&nbsp;(<em>dhamma-sunnata<\/em>)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo TS&nbsp;<strong>Rhys Davids<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn18\"><strong>[18]<\/strong><\/a>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u201c<em>Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb&nbsp;A-la-h\u00e1n (Arahatship)&nbsp;<strong>r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb cho l\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u nh\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb&nbsp;B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t hay B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t H\u1ea1nh (Bodhisatship) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;m\u00e0 m\u1ed7i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt T\u1eed&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi; v\u00e0&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;n\u00e0y, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, l\u00e0 do ch\u00ednh t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;C\u1ed3-\u0110\u00e0m n\u00f3i ra<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ef1&nbsp;<strong><em>chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ea1ng<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u0169ng nh\u01b0&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u00fd l\u1ebd v\u00e0&nbsp;suy l\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi&nbsp;h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;(Mahayana); t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y&nbsp;nh\u01b0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u1ec1 Nh\u00e2n V\u0103n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1&nbsp;Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9&nbsp;T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9&nbsp;Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (<em>Nibbana<\/em>) chuy\u1ec3n qua nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd&nbsp;<em>si\u00eau nhi\u00ean<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n lu\u1eadn&nbsp;d\u00e0i t\u1eadp b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n mang \u0111\u1ea7y t\u00ednh tri\u1ebft l\u00fd v\u00e0 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i Nagarjuna (Long Th\u1ecd) v\u00e0 Asvaghosa (M\u00e3 Minh). Nh\u1eefng tri\u1ebft l\u00fd n\u00e0y&nbsp;<strong>kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/strong>&nbsp;b\u1edfi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1&nbsp;qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sau khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e1c ra nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong>th\u1ea7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba(Mahayana&nbsp;<strong>Pantheon<\/strong>) \u0111\u1ec3 thu h\u00fat s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng&nbsp;qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed&nbsp;tham gia&nbsp;v\u00e0o \u201cChi\u1ebfc Xe L\u1edbn\u201d c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Theo&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;<strong>Bhikkhu Kashyap<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong>: sau m\u1ed9t&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian, trong&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;suy x\u00e9t,&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;h\u00f3a b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>Bodhisattas<\/em>) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Th\u1ea7n, \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0:&nbsp;<em>B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t<\/em>&nbsp;Qu\u00e1n Th\u1ebf \u00c2m&nbsp;(c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t<\/em>&nbsp;Qu\u00e1n T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i,&nbsp;<strong>Avalokitesvara<\/strong>, v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Bi,&nbsp;c\u1ee9u n\u1ea1n,&nbsp;c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5), Th\u1ea7n&nbsp;<strong>Tara<\/strong>&nbsp;(N\u1eef Th\u1ea7n&nbsp;T\u1eeb Bi),&nbsp;B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t&nbsp;V\u0103n-Th\u00f9-S\u01b0-L\u1ee3i (<strong>Manjusri<\/strong>, v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh), v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt A-Di-\u0110\u00e0 {<strong>Amitabha<\/strong>, v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u1edf&nbsp;c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed9 hay&nbsp;T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c&nbsp;(<em>Sukhavati<\/em>)}.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>7. Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a 18 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Nikaya)<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e1m tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;Nikayas h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh&nbsp;trong kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;t\u1eeb 100 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn 200 n\u0103m sau&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;(<em>Parinibbana<\/em>), t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;gi\u1eefa hai l\u1ea7n&nbsp;H\u1ed9i Ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Hai v\u00e0 l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Ba. Nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba&nbsp;\u201cHinayana\u201d (C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cChi\u1ebfc Xe Nh\u1ecf\u201d hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec3u), m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, c\u00f3 \u00fd khinh khi nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 cao tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd&nbsp;d\u1ea1y cho nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 xe l\u1edbn, xe nh\u1ecf hay&nbsp;ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba,&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba&nbsp;g\u00ec c\u1ea3. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u201cCon \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1o\u201d l\u00e0&nbsp;di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb&nbsp;kh\u1ed5 \u0111au m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec do&nbsp;t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e1i t\u00ean&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba&nbsp;\u2018Hinayana\u2019,&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y khi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Kinh b\u1ed9&nbsp;Nikayas, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p trong cu\u1ed1n&nbsp;<strong><em>Mahavamsa<\/em><sup>13<\/sup><\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan), sau l\u1ea7n&nbsp;K\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Hai, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1ch ra g\u1ed3m 18 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(1)&nbsp;<strong><em>Mahasanghika<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9), t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y&nbsp;v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(2) Gokulika (K\u00ea D\u1eadn B\u1ed9) v\u00e0<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(3) Ekavyoharika (Nh\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft B\u1ed9).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1eeb nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i Gokulika (K\u00ea D\u1eadn B\u1ed9), l\u1ea1i sinh ra nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i: (4) Pannatti (Thi Thi\u1ebft B\u1ed9),<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(5) Bahulika hay Bahussutiya (\u0110a V\u0103n B\u1ed9) v\u00e0<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(6) Cetiya (Ch\u1ebf \u0110a S\u01a1n B\u1ed9),<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;c\u1ea3&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n&nbsp;Mahasanghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9) l\u00e0 (6)&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(7)&nbsp;<strong><em>Theravada&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>(Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9&nbsp;hay&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9), hai nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ra, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(8) Mahimsasaka (H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9) v\u00e0<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(9) Vajiputtaka (\u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i&nbsp;t\u1eeb b\u1ed9&nbsp;ph\u00e1i th\u1ee9 (9) Vajjiputtaka (\u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9), l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam 4&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;kh\u00e1c l\u00e0<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(10) Dhammuttariya (Ph\u00e1p Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9),<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(11) Bhaddayannika (Hi\u1ec1n Tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9),<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(12) Channagarika (M\u1eadt L\u00e2m S\u01a1n b\u1ed9) v\u00e0<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(13) Sammitiya (Ch\u00e1nh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong khi \u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;t\u1eeb b\u1ed9&nbsp;ph\u00e1i th\u1ee9 (8) l\u00e0 Mahimsasaka (H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9), l\u1ea1i sinh ra th\u00eam nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(14) Sabbathivada (Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9) v\u00e0<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(15) Dhammagutika (Ph\u00e1p Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>R\u1ed3i t\u1eeb nh\u00e1nh (14) Sabbathivada (Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9), l\u1ea1i sinh ra nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(16) Kassapiya (Ca Di\u1ebfp&nbsp;b\u1ed9),<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>sau \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i th\u1ee9 (16) (Ca Di\u1ebfp&nbsp;b\u1ed9) n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i&nbsp;ph\u00e2n chia&nbsp;v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(17) Samkantika (Thuy\u1ebft Chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed9) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i th\u1ee9 (17) n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i sinh ra nh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(18) Suttavada (Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9). (<strong>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;3<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo TS Rhys Davids<strong><sup>18<\/sup><\/strong>, b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ghi ch\u00e9p trong b\u1ed9&nbsp;<strong><em>Mahavastu<\/em><\/strong>(\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ef1) c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Lokuttaravadins (Thuy\u1ebft Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9&nbsp;ph\u00e1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Mahasanghika (\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang b\u1ed9) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9) c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9). S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau&nbsp;n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i.&nbsp;Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7t&nbsp;qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;l\u00e0m&nbsp;m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau&nbsp;tu h\u00e0nh&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ea1nh, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0&nbsp;qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb&nbsp;B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quan ni\u1ec7m&nbsp;v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;\u0111\u00e2y, \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c nhau so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9&nbsp;Theravada, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n&nbsp;quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<strong><em>Kathavatthu<\/em><sup>16&nbsp;<\/sup><\/strong>(Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t) do Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Moggaliputta Tissa l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec t\u1ea1i&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Ba.&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;n\u00ean&nbsp;tham kh\u1ea3o&nbsp;quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<strong><em>Kathavatthu<\/em><sup>&nbsp;<\/sup><\/strong>(Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u00e1c b\u1ecf&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o, kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i,&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 do&nbsp;<em>nh\u1eefng&nbsp;y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd<\/em>, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft&nbsp;hay&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd. Nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u01b0\u1edbc Cu\u1ed9c Ly Khai&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;c\u00f3&nbsp;xu h\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;t\u00e1ch ra th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m \u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y&nbsp;xung quanh&nbsp;tam gi\u00e1c&nbsp;<strong>Kosambi\u2013Mathura\u2013Ujjaini&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m mi\u1ec1n \u0110\u00f4ng \u1edf&nbsp;<strong>Vesali<\/strong>. Ngay trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9), trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;th\u1ee9 Hai, cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;\u1edf mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y,&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb v\u00f9ng&nbsp;<strong>Kosambi&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Avanti<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y. Nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;<strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9<\/strong>&nbsp;ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>Mahasanghikas<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;(<strong>\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang b\u1ed9<\/strong>) v\u1eabn c\u00f2n b\u00e1m tr\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i \u1edf trong v\u00e0&nbsp;xung quanh&nbsp;<strong>Pataliputta&nbsp;<\/strong>(Hoa Th\u1ecb Th\u00e0nh) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0&nbsp;trung t\u00e2m&nbsp;ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1i Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9) th\u00ec tr\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i&nbsp;<strong>Avanti<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh v\u1ec1 xu\u1ed1ng ph\u00eda Maharashtra, Andhra v\u00e0 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 Chola v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>T\u00edch Lan&nbsp;Ceylon.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ngay sau k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Hai,&nbsp;<strong>Mathura<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;trung t\u00e2m&nbsp;ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong>Sabbathivadins<\/strong>&nbsp;(Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9) v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u1eafp mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9,&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;l\u00e0 \u1edd&nbsp;<strong>Kashmir&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Gandhara<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong>Kassapiyas&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ca Di\u1ebfp&nbsp;b\u1ed9)&nbsp;th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;thu\u1ed9c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Theravada&nbsp;nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y&nbsp;(Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9), b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra kh\u1ecfi b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo&nbsp;<strong>Sabbathivadins<\/strong>&nbsp;(Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9) v\u00e0 sau m\u1ed9t&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;d\u00e0i, h\u1ecd v\u1eabn gi\u1eef&nbsp;li\u00ean l\u1ea1c&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;trung t\u00e2m&nbsp;ban \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf&nbsp;<strong>Sanchi&nbsp;<\/strong>g\u1ea7n Bhopal.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1edf r\u1ed9ng&nbsp;nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong>Sammitiyas&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ch\u00e1nh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9), h\u1ecd&nbsp;m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng&nbsp;qua t\u1eadn Avanti v\u00e0 Gujarat v\u00e0&nbsp;th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp&nbsp;trung t\u00e2m&nbsp;ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;<strong>Sindhu<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Lokuttaravadins&nbsp;<\/strong>(Thuy\u1ebft Xu\u1ea5t Th\u1ebf b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9&nbsp;ph\u00e1i) th\u00ec c\u0169ng&nbsp;m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng&nbsp;chi nh\u00e1nh ra \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn v\u00f9ng&nbsp;<strong>Bactria&nbsp;<\/strong>xa x\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1i trong 18 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>Nikayas<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;l\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt th\u00ec&nbsp;t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;trong v\u00e0i th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7, n\u1ed5i b\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0:&nbsp;<strong>Theravada<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>Sabbathivadin, Mahasanghika, Sammitiya&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Lokottaravadins<\/strong>. Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;Huy\u1ec1n Trang&nbsp;(Hsuan Tsang) \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;chi\u00eam b\u00e1i&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 629-645 sau CN, \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;<em>T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng kho\u1ea3ng d\u01b0\u1edbi 200 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;\u00be thu\u1ed9c 5 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>Nikayas<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u00bc c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba.&nbsp;Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, ph\u00e1i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng&nbsp;t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ph\u00eda Nam v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng Trung \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung Hoa, l\u1ea5n l\u01b0\u1edbt tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>Nikayas<\/em>&nbsp;nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Trong nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>Nikayas<\/em>&nbsp;c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, th\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp&nbsp;v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan&nbsp;(Sri Lanka) v\u00e0 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n (Burma) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay, sau khi&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t sau cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 12 sau CN.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>8.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Ba<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9&nbsp;<strong>236&nbsp;<\/strong>sau \u0110ai B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-B\u00e0n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi&nbsp;Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf&nbsp;<strong>Asoka&nbsp;<\/strong>(A-D\u1ee5c V\u01b0\u01a1ng)tr\u1ecb v\u00ec.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1ecb vua x\u1ee9 Maurya \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec t\u1eeb&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn Kashmir, thung l\u0169ng&nbsp;s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn Madras \u1edf ph\u00eda Nam, \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. S\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;ho\u00e0ng gia&nbsp;n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o,&nbsp;ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 d\u1ea1ng&nbsp;kho\u00e1t y v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i&nbsp;v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf s\u1ed1ng c\u00f9ng \u1edf c\u00e1c&nbsp;<em>T\u1ef3 kheo<\/em>, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;sai l\u1ea1c&nbsp;v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p, r\u1ed1i r\u1eafm trong&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n. V\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o&nbsp;r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 s\u1ef1&nbsp;v\u00f4 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c l\u1ec5&nbsp;<em>Uposatha&nbsp;<\/em>(L\u1ec5 B\u1ed1-T\u00e1t, h\u1ecdp m\u1eb7t, \u00f4n t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Patimokkha<\/em>) v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u1ec5&nbsp;<em>Pavarana&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;(L\u1ec5 T\u1ef1 T\u1ee9)&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;7 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Khi vua Asoka ph\u00e1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111i \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u tra&nbsp;s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;n\u00e0y, th\u00ec quan ch\u1ee9c&nbsp;ngu xu\u1ea9n&nbsp;n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111i gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;tu s\u0129. Khi&nbsp;nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;sai tr\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y, vua Asoka tr\u1edf n\u00ean&nbsp;v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng&nbsp;h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;\u00e1m \u1ea3nh&nbsp;trong t\u00e2m r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra&nbsp;t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Moggaliputta Tissa<\/strong>, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;s\u1ed1ng &amp;&nbsp;tu h\u00e0nh&nbsp;\u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i&nbsp;\u1ea9n d\u1eadt&nbsp;tr\u00ean N\u00fai Ahoganga \u1edf&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u&nbsp;s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa cho nh\u00e0 vua kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ray r\u1ee9t trong&nbsp;l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh m\u1eddi&nbsp;v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1ec1&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00e3i&nbsp;t\u1ea1i Ch\u00f9a&nbsp;<strong>Asokarama<\/strong>&nbsp;trong 7 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Vua \u0111\u00e3 qu\u1ef3 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u&nbsp;v\u00e0 nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;n\u00e0y. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111ang&nbsp;l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n&nbsp;trong s\u1ed1&nbsp;<em>T\u1ef3 kheo<\/em>. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n,&nbsp;ki\u1ec3m tra&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t ra kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c l\u1ec5&nbsp;<em>Uposath<\/em>&nbsp;sau 7 n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(a)&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Phi\u00ean B\u1ea3n&nbsp;Cu\u1ed1i C\u00f9ng&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;(<em>Tipitaka<\/em>)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>Moggaliputta Tissa \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c&nbsp;<strong>H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Ba<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;bi\u00ean t\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng. M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i&nbsp;Tu Vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;<strong>Asokarama<\/strong>&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;<strong>Pataliputra&nbsp;<\/strong>(Hoa Th\u1ecb Th\u00e0nh, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Patna ng\u00e0y nay) v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 18 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a vua Asoka, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9&nbsp;<strong>236<\/strong>&nbsp;sau B\u00e1t-<em>Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;tranh lu\u1eadn&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1,&nbsp;xem x\u00e9t&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;b\u00e1c b\u1ecf, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n&nbsp;n\u00ean Quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<strong>\u201c<em>Kathavathu\u201d<\/em><\/strong>(Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t), m\u1ed9t trong 7 t\u1eadp s\u00e1ch thu\u1ed9c \u201c<strong>Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng<\/strong>\u201d&nbsp;<strong><em>Abhidhamma<\/em><\/strong>.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;d\u00e3 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn 9 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghe v\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali (Pali&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(b) S\u1ef1&nbsp;Truy\u1ec1n B\u00e1&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;ra ngo\u00e0i&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1edd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb Vua&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed&nbsp;Asoka \u0111ang n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n&nbsp;th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb&nbsp;g\u1ea7n h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf \u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;ch\u00ednh,&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1edbi&nbsp;tinh th\u1ea7n&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Theravada, \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;bi\u1ec7t ph\u00e1i nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0111i&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;kh\u1eafp&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng&nbsp;ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed7i nh\u00f3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;b\u1edfi m\u1ed9t&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;g\u1ed3m c\u00f3&nbsp;5&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo,&nbsp;m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau&nbsp;l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00eam s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;\u1edf nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng xa x\u00f4i. T\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;v\u00e0 9 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i trong quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00edch&nbsp;Lan&nbsp;<strong>Mahavamsa<sup>13<\/sup><\/strong>. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<strong><em>b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;<strong><em>t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;mang&nbsp;s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong&nbsp;B\u1ea3o Th\u00e1p&nbsp;<em>Stupa<\/em>&nbsp;s\u1ed1 2 \u1edf Sanchi, g\u1ea7n Bhopal, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2 h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u00e1nh t\u00edch&nbsp;t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 1 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 2 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng&nbsp;n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c&nbsp;n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng ra theo 4 h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau sau K\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Ba n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><u>T\u00caN NG\u01af\u1edcI&nbsp;TRUY\u1ec0N GI\u00c1O<\/u><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<u>N\u01a0I&nbsp;TRUY\u1ec0N GI\u00c1O<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1. TL Majjhantika Kasmira &amp; Gandhara (1a)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2. TL Mahadeva Mahimsamandala (2a)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3. TL Rakkhita Vanavasi (3a)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4. TL Yonaka Dhammarakkhita Aparantaka (4a)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5. TL Maha Dhammarakkhita&nbsp;Maharattha (5a)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6. TL Maha Rakkhita Yonaka (6a)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7. TL Majjhima Himavantapadesa (7a)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>8. TL Sonaka vaF TL Uttara&nbsp;Suvannabhumi (8a)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>9. TL Mahinda, Itthiya, Uttiya, Tambapannidipa (9a)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sambala &amp; Bhaddasala<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(1a) Gandhara&nbsp;<\/strong>bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;c\u1ea3 qu\u1eadn l\u00ed Peshawar &amp; Rawalpindi c\u1ee7a Pakistan. Kasmira ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Kashmir ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(2a) Mahimsamandala&nbsp;<\/strong>th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Mysore ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(3a) Vanavasi&nbsp;<\/strong>bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 Kerala v\u00e0 Malabar.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(4a)<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Aparantaka&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018 v\u00f9ng vi\u1ec5n T\u00e2y\u2019&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn Mumbai ng\u00e0y nay (Bombay), v\u00f9ng Gujarat, Kachchh v\u00e0 Sind \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(5a) Mararattha&nbsp;<\/strong>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Maharashtra ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(6a) Yonaka&nbsp;<\/strong>(ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Yavana) c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi&nbsp;<strong>Kambojas&nbsp;<\/strong>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng H\u1ecd T\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i bang \u1edf v\u00f9ng&nbsp;bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi&nbsp;ph\u00e1i T\u00e2y B\u1eafc, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Asoka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(7a) Himavantapadesa&nbsp;<\/strong>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Himalaya (Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(8a) Suvannabhumi&nbsp;<\/strong>hay \u2018v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0ng\u2019, g\u1ed3m 2 huy\u1ec7n l\u1ef5 Bago (Pegu) v\u00e0 Mawlamyine (Moulmein) thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u00f4n \u1edf Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Myanmar (Burma).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(9b) Tambapannidipa&nbsp;<\/strong>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan&nbsp;(Sri Lanka)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(c) Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef1u&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 Ba<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Ba&nbsp;b\u00e0i tr\u1eeb&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf&nbsp;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;xu h\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;ni\u1ec1m tin&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;bi\u00ean t\u1eadp&nbsp;k\u1ebft th\u00fac&nbsp;th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean,&nbsp;<strong>th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng&nbsp;to l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi \u0111i nh\u1eefng&nbsp;ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng x\u1ee9 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p, b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia,&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;trong&nbsp;ph\u1ea1m vi&nbsp;thu h\u1eb9p trong v\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u bang c\u1ee7a mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Nh\u1edd v\u00e0o&nbsp;<strong><em>tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa, s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ebf&nbsp;Asoka v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea7y t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft,&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(<em>Sasana<\/em>) c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;ra kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;qu\u00ea nh\u00e0.<em>&nbsp;Ngay&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n&nbsp;vua Asoka c\u0169ng c\u00f3 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ru\u1ed9t l\u00e0&nbsp;T\u1ef3 Kheo&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo Ni&nbsp;c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111i trong&nbsp;s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng&nbsp;n\u00e0y \u1edf&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan<\/em>.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, sau n\u00e0y khi&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t \u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;h\u01a1n 600 n\u0103m sau khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;H\u1ed3i Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;chinh ph\u1ea1t v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 12 sau CN, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a&nbsp;<em>Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng \u1edf Sri Lanka, Myanmar v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;Theravada, n\u01a1i m\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;<em>(Sasana)<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp&nbsp;t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00e0ng th\u00eam k\u1ef3 l\u1ea1 thay, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e9p trong&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan&nbsp;(<strong>Mahavamsa<\/strong>) v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 6 sau CN, (<strong>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;4<\/strong>)<strong>,&nbsp;<\/strong>k\u1ec3 t\u00edch r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n&nbsp;tr\u1eddi Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean&nbsp;trong&nbsp;ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0o l\u00fac&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Hai, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>, sau khi th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng nguy c\u01a1&nbsp;suy \u0111\u1ed3i&nbsp;trong&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u&nbsp;Ng\u00e0i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, khi \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00f5i&nbsp;Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp h\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra trong&nbsp;c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 sau n\u00e0y ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1&nbsp;tho\u00e1i lui, xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;sau \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c minh cho&nbsp;<strong>l\u1eddi ti\u00ean tri&nbsp;<\/strong>c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Hai.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;m\u1edbi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;\u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;kh\u00e1c \u0111ang&nbsp;quay v\u1ec1&nbsp;l\u1ea1i&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m&nbsp;s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;<em>(Sasana)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;ngay tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng kh\u1edfi th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p!.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>9.&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Phi<\/strong><strong>\u00ean B<\/strong><strong>\u1ea3n&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;V\u00e0o Trong&nbsp;Tr\u00ed Nh\u1edb<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/images\/file\/RgYoAALS2QgBAHdM\/kinh-mung-ngay-thanh-dao.jpg\"><\/a><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;45 n\u0103m Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, quy m\u00f4&nbsp;\u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;c\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea5p 11 l\u1ea7n Kinh Th\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa gi\u00e1o. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn cho nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9&nbsp;Nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ec9&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;l\u00e0 h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, do t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u00e0 ra, b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb, t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;ng\u1edd v\u1ef1c&nbsp;v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Ananda khi Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y&nbsp;trong Kinh T\u1ea1ng!.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u00f3&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;phi th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u0169ng v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;trong&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>Sangha<\/em>&nbsp;trong&nbsp;th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta, \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u00f3&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;phi th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;v\u00e0o th\u1eddi&nbsp;nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y. Trong&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Yangon n\u0103m 1956, Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0&nbsp;<strong>Mingun Sayadaw Ashin Vicittasarabhivamsa&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi&nbsp;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi&nbsp;li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;chi ti\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;do v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec ban ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;<strong>Mahasi Sayadaw Ashin Sobhana&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u1eb7t ra t\u1ea1i&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp. Ng\u00e0y nay, Myanmar (Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n) \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;<strong><em>Tipitakadhara&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><em>s\u1ed1ng&nbsp;<\/em>(H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Tr\u00ec&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i S\u01b0) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng v\u00e0&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0o trong&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh! (<strong>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;5<\/strong>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Salomon<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn19\"><strong>[19]<\/strong><\/a>cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u00e0o th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;Brahmi (Prakrit) v\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;Karosthi&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0o&nbsp;th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;v\u01b0\u01a1ng tri\u1ec1u Maurya c\u1ee7a vua Asoka. Theo b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ghi l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a s\u1eed gia Hy L\u1ea1p, \u00f4ng&nbsp;<strong>Megasthenes<\/strong>&nbsp;(250-290 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN) \u0111\u00e3 ghi r\u00f5 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a&nbsp;tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;Maurya v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc trong&nbsp;n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c&nbsp;t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;v\u00e0o th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Maurya tr\u01b0\u1edbc Vua Asoka. Tuy v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ee7&nbsp;k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 sau \u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb, l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn&nbsp;r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. N\u1ec1n&nbsp;gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c&nbsp;l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd v\u1eabn&nbsp;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;t\u01b0 duy&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb, thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nh\u1edb l\u00e2u. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c&nbsp;h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 t\u1eadp qu\u00e1n ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;nh\u00e0 s\u01b0&nbsp;v\u1eabn b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c nh\u1edb&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;ngay c\u1ea3 sau khi&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ra \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i kinh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;t\u1eadn h\u00f4m nay, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;theo&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;\u1edf Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u1eabn&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i,&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n hay pha tr\u1ed9n ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9<\/strong>&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;(ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y) v\u1eabn nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t gi\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Pali. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;r\u1ea5t&nbsp;tinh th\u00f4ng&nbsp;trong vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u1edb l\u00e2u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh&nbsp;ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;t\u1eeb th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn sau n\u00e0y trong&nbsp;gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau&nbsp;ph\u1ee5 tr\u00e1ch&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ed9c, nh\u1edb, v\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>,&nbsp;v\u00ec v\u1eady&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng nhau t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;<strong>b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch&nbsp;k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p&nbsp;l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m<\/strong>. Trong&nbsp;v\u0103n h\u1ecdc&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Pali,&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u1eef&nbsp;m\u00f4 t\u1ea3&nbsp;v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n hay&nbsp;ph\u1ea1m vi&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u00f3 \u201cchuy\u00ean tr\u00ec\u201d hay thu\u1ed9c, nh\u1edb, t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1)&nbsp;<strong><em>Suttantika<\/em><\/strong>: Th\u1ea7y hay&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;Kinh t\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Sutta Pitaka<\/em>)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2)&nbsp;<strong><em>Vinaya-dhara<\/em><\/strong>: Th\u1ea7y hay&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Vinaya<\/em>)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;<strong><em>Matika-dhara<\/em><\/strong>: Th\u1ea7y hay&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;<em>matika&nbsp;<\/em>hay&nbsp;Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Abhidhamma<\/em>)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4)&nbsp;<strong><em>Digha-bhanaka<\/em><\/strong>&amp;&nbsp;<strong><em>Majjhima-bhanaka<\/em><\/strong>: Th\u1ea7y hay Ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 kinh&nbsp;(<em>Digha-Nikaya<\/em>) &amp;&nbsp;Trung B\u1ed9 kinh&nbsp;(<em>Majjhima \u2013Nikaya<\/em>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;x\u00e1c minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;(T\u1ef3 kheo) v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y xa x\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t&nbsp;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba&nbsp;t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch khoa h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;g\u00ecn gi\u1eef&nbsp;nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n&nbsp;gi\u00e1o \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;trong&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eadc&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>, v\u00e0 theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201c<strong>ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;trong s\u1ea1ch<\/strong>,&nbsp;<strong>thanh t\u1ecbnh<\/strong>\u201d \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00ednh v\u00e0o&nbsp;d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u \u00e1c v\u00e0&nbsp;v\u00f4 minh&nbsp;(tham, s\u00e2n, si). V\u00e0 v\u1edbi&nbsp;T\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng&nbsp;c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc, t\u1ee5ng, thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 ghi v\u00e0o&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u00e0y \u1ea5y c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n,&nbsp;g\u00ecn gi\u1eef&nbsp;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ki\u00ean trung v\u00e0&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba&nbsp;cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u1ebf h\u1ec7&nbsp;con ch\u00e1u sau n\u00e0y v\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>10.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0:&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;B\u1eb1ng&nbsp;Ch\u1eef Vi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u1eb1m m\u1ed9t b\u00ean qu\u1ed1c l\u1ed9, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kandy c\u1ee7a Sri Lanka kho\u1ea3ng 40Km l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng mang t\u00ean&nbsp;<strong>Matale.&nbsp;<\/strong>M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng c\u00f3&nbsp;th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch du l\u1ecbch bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t&nbsp;n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc&nbsp;v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;<strong>Vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;B\u1ea3o T\u00e0ng&nbsp;&amp; Th\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf&nbsp;<\/strong>(International Buddhist Library &amp; Museum) v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Hang \u0110\u1ed9ng Aloka&nbsp;<\/strong>(Aloka Cave),&nbsp;di t\u00edch&nbsp;c\u1ee7a n\u01a1i di\u1ec5n ra&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc, tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean,&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;<strong>vi\u1ebft<\/strong>&nbsp;xu\u1ed1ng&nbsp;<strong>l\u00e1 B\u1ed1i&nbsp;<\/strong>(ola palm leaves, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd c\u00e2y c\u1ecd d\u1eeba).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;du kh\u00e1ch&nbsp;vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u01a1i s\u1ea5y kh\u00f4&nbsp;l\u00e1 B\u1ed1i, vu\u1ed1t th\u1eb3ng ra v\u00e0 k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng m\u1ef1c in l\u00ean tr\u00ean&nbsp;l\u00e1 B\u1ed1i. \u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ee7 tr\u01b0ng b\u00e0y, b\u00ean trong c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft tr\u00ean&nbsp;l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i&nbsp;\u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo s\u00e1ch&nbsp;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn20\"><strong>[20]<\/strong><\/a><strong><sup>&nbsp;<\/sup><\/strong><em>(<strong>Sasanavamsa<\/strong>)<\/em>, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n n\u1ea1n&nbsp;ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i&nbsp;\u0111ang h\u00e0nh ho\u00e0nh kh\u1eafp \u0111\u1ea3o Sinhala (t\u1ee9c Ceylon,&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea3o (sang&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9), b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i lo s\u1ee3 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c ba&nbsp;t\u1ea1ng kinh&nbsp;<em>Pitakas&nbsp;<\/em>trong l\u00fac kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3&nbsp;th\u1ee9c \u0103n,&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, 60&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;kh\u00e1c th\u00ec \u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, h\u1ecd&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c&nbsp;c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ecdc ba&nbsp;t\u1ea1ng kinh,&nbsp;h\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y&nbsp;ch\u1ec9&nbsp;\u0103n rau, c\u1ee7 \u0111\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;xung quanh&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ebfn khi b\u1ecb ng\u00e3 qu\u1ef5 do b\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3i v\u00e0&nbsp;ki\u1ec7t s\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean c\u00e1t, m\u1eaft h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 nhau v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1t ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00e0o. H\u1ecd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;trong&nbsp;t\u00e2m tr\u00ed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ba&nbsp;t\u1ea1ng kinh&nbsp;<em>Pitakas&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3ng trong \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecd su\u1ed1t 12 n\u0103m, nh\u1eb1m&nbsp;duy tr\u00ec&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb th\u1ed1i lui. Cu\u1ed1i 12 n\u0103m, 700&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 quay&nbsp;tr\u1edf v\u1ec1&nbsp;t\u1eeb&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 60&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng duy\u00ean h\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd c\u00f9ng t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhau&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a&nbsp;c\u00e1c b\u1eadc&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;(<em>Thera<\/em>) hay nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;(<em>Maha-Thera: nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;tr\u00ean 20 tu\u1ed5i H\u1ea1<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m&nbsp;kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u1ed9c, nh\u1edb&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>L\u00f2ng ki\u00ean trung h\u1ebft m\u1ef1c v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t huy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a&nbsp;trong vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc&nbsp;t\u1ee5ng kinh&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1ecf s\u00f3t&nbsp;b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0o, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh h\u1ecda b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;sau \u0111\u00e2y. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc xong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y l\u00e0&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<strong>Dhammarakkhita&nbsp;<\/strong>(H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p) c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Yona \u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9,&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<strong>Tissa<\/strong>, con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 Punabbasu, \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan&nbsp;(Ceylon). Trong khi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ebfn thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb l\u00ean thuy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, \u00f4ng ta ch\u1ee3t th\u1ea5y c\u00f2n v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;nghi v\u1ea5n&nbsp;v\u1ec1 trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u t\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 \u00f4ng&nbsp;quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169, quay l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y \u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 100&nbsp;<em>Yojana<\/em>&nbsp;(1&nbsp;<em>yojana<\/em>&nbsp;= 8 \u0111\u1ebfn 13 d\u1eb7m Anh, kho\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 500km) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i b\u00e0y v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m&nbsp;ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 nh\u1edb&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o,&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean trung v\u00e0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n l\u00e0m&nbsp;h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb&nbsp;b\u1ecf s\u00f3t&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1edb b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb&nbsp;b\u1ecf s\u00f3t&nbsp;t\u1eeb n\u00e0o hay c\u00f2n&nbsp;nghi v\u1ea5n&nbsp;v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00e0&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mi\u1ec7ng, b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u v\u00e8, d\u00e2n ca, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u1ebf h\u1ec7&nbsp;nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;t\u1eadp h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i,&nbsp;bi\u00ean t\u1eadp&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng&nbsp;t\u1eeb&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(a)&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Vi\u1ec7c Ghi Ch\u00e9p&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka&nbsp;<\/em>Tr\u00ean&nbsp;L\u00e1 B\u1ed1i<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p&nbsp;bi\u00ean t\u1eadp&nbsp;b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Nanamoli<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn21\"><strong>[21]<\/strong><\/a>,b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng sau khi&nbsp;<strong>Vattagamimi Abhya&nbsp;<\/strong>tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;vua c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Lanka, t\u1ee9c&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan, Sri Lanka (104-88 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN), sau m\u1ed9t&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian,&nbsp;tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t th\u1ebf v\u00e0o tay qu\u00e2n phi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n Tissa, k\u00e9o theo l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n&nbsp;ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i, r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 x\u00e2m l\u0103ng c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n Tamils v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua b\u1ecb&nbsp;l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e0y. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1&nbsp;<strong>Mahavihara&nbsp;<\/strong>ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb.&nbsp;\u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1 xu\u1ea5t&nbsp;l\u00e0: \u201c<em>Trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai,&nbsp;m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n&nbsp;ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m,&nbsp;tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;k\u00e9m c\u00f5i, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb trong&nbsp;t\u00e2m tr\u00ed&nbsp;(Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh) b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng<\/em>\u201d, cho n\u00ean&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;ghi ch\u00e9p&nbsp;<em>ba&nbsp;t\u1ea1ng kinh&nbsp;Pitakas c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;<\/em>d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u00fac m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>viharas (ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n,&nbsp;T\u1ecbnh X\u00e1,&nbsp;Tu Vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o)<\/em>&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhau&nbsp;l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. V\u00e0o l\u00fac nay, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n&nbsp;s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng, cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft&nbsp;n\u00ean l\u00e0m l\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;th\u00e0nh s\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh&nbsp;t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng&nbsp;sau n\u00e0y&nbsp;ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p&nbsp;b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t,&nbsp;mai m\u1ed9t&nbsp;hay&nbsp;tranh lu\u1eadn, m\u1ed9t khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ai hay nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c nh\u1edb v\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;l\u1ea1i&nbsp;ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;ba&nbsp;t\u1ea1ng kinh&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;mang t\u00ednh&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;n\u00e0y di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i&nbsp;<strong>Ch\u00f9a Hang \u0110\u1ed9ng Aloka Vihara&nbsp;<\/strong>hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Tu Vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Alu (<em>Alu-vihara)<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong>thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 M\u00e3-Lai-\u00e1 (Matale), m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o Tambapanni, n\u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan&nbsp;(Ceylon).&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;xem nh\u01b0&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0<\/strong>&nbsp;b\u1edfi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;hay&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng di\u1ec5n ra m\u1ed9t&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;kh\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Vua&nbsp;<strong>Kanishka<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9&nbsp;<strong>Kushan&nbsp;<\/strong>(Kasmir ng\u00e0y nay) (<strong>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;6<\/strong>)&nbsp;v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;n\u0103m th\u1ee9 100 sau CN c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 T\u01b0.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sau khi&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng&nbsp;ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;(<em>Attha-kathas<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;tr\u00ean&nbsp;l\u00e1 B\u1ed1i&nbsp;v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ki\u1ec3m tra&nbsp;l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch&nbsp;c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;x\u00e1c th\u1eadt,&nbsp;ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ba&nbsp;t\u1ea1ng kinh&nbsp;<em>Pitakas<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n. M\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0111\u1ebfn khu Ch\u00f9a Hang \u0110\u1ed9ng&nbsp;ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn&nbsp;s\u1ebd l\u00e0m tr\u1ed7i d\u1eady trong&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng tri \u01a1n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;(<em>Sangha<\/em>) v\u00ec c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c,&nbsp;tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7&nbsp;v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i b\u00e3o c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i trong vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;\u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ghi ch\u00e9p nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;cho&nbsp;th\u1ebf h\u1ec7&nbsp;mai sau. C\u0169ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn xa tr\u1ed9ng r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;t\u1eadn ng\u00e0y nay, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai hay m\u1ed9t&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;hay m\u1ed9t&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u201ct\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh l\u00e0&nbsp;c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 m\u1ea1o,&nbsp;th\u00eam b\u1edbt&nbsp;hay l\u00e0m&nbsp;mai m\u1ed9t&nbsp;Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>*Th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o&nbsp;theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9&nbsp;(Theravada), cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (Parinibbana)<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 543 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN. Nh\u1eefng ngu\u1ed3n&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (Parinibbana)<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 483 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 60 n\u0103m sau, h\u01a1n th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m theo c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>11.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m &amp; Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u \u1edf Myanmar (Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n)<sup>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftn22\"><strong>[22]<\/strong><\/a><\/sup><\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan&nbsp;<strong>Mahavamsa<\/strong>,&nbsp;ngay sau khi&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Ba, nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa,&nbsp;Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng, ph\u00e1i \u0111i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u x\u1ee9 s\u1edf kh\u00e1c nhau, g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Hai trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 hai&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Sona<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Uttara<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn Suvannabhumi, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 hai huy\u1ec7n l\u00fd Bago (Pegu) v\u00e0 Mawlamyine (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Moulmein ng\u00e0y nay) \u1edf ti\u1ec3u bang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<strong>M\u00f4n<\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;<strong>Myanmar<\/strong>,&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp&nbsp;s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(Buddha&nbsp;<em>Sasana<\/em>) \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng&nbsp;h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9&nbsp;nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y theo&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;kinh&nbsp;<em>Brahmajala Sutta<\/em>&nbsp;(kinh Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng). T\u1eeb sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;d\u00e0i v\u1ec1&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;h\u00ecnh&nbsp;th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;gi\u00e1o \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp&nbsp;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch&nbsp;v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;Myanmar&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;h\u01a1n hai ng\u00e0n n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00ec th\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec&nbsp;ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean&nbsp;khi&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng Myanmar \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n,&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;trong&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ee9ng ra t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 2 l\u1ea7n&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;2 th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 qua.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(a)&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m<\/strong>:<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>Panca Sangiti<\/em><\/strong><em>,&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cH\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m\u201d).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;Theravada,&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 N\u0103m di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Mandalay, Myanmar (Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n) v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1871, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi&nbsp;tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;Vua Mindon.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;T\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng, tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean l\u1ea1i&nbsp;<em>t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em>&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;xem x\u00e9t&nbsp;k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eebng&nbsp;chi ti\u1ebft&nbsp;nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 xem c\u00f3 b\u1ecb sai l\u1ed7i, thay \u0111\u1ed5i hay&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0o b\u1ecb&nbsp;b\u1ecf s\u00f3t&nbsp;hay kh\u00f4ng. Ba v\u1ecb&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;(Maha thera) l\u00e0&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<strong>Jagarabhivamsa<\/strong>,&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<strong>Narindabhidhaja<\/strong>, v\u00e0&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<strong>Mahathera Sumangalasami&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec m\u1ed9t&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1edfi 2.400 t\u0103ng s\u0129. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i&nbsp;gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(<em>Dhamma Sangiti<\/em>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra&nbsp;<strong>5<\/strong>&nbsp;th\u00e1ng&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. Sau khi&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;k\u1ebft th\u00fac,&nbsp;<em>to\u00e0n b\u1ed9<\/em>&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<strong><em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc v\u00e0o&nbsp;<strong>729 phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n<\/strong>&nbsp;(Myanmar) \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u1ebf h\u1ec7&nbsp;mai sau&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i. M\u1ed7i phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 chu vi l\u00e0: chi\u1ec1u cao 1.86m, b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng 1.07 m v\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 0.13 m b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y, v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh&nbsp;k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;b\u1edfi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n \u0111i\u00eau luy\u1ec7n. Sau khi&nbsp;ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, m\u1ed7i phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 ch\u00e9p kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t trong m\u1ed9t m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a&nbsp;thu nh\u1ecf&nbsp;tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p&nbsp;\u1edf trong m\u1ed9t khu&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;n\u1eb1m trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ch\u00f9a Kuthodaw Pagoda c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Vua Mindon.&nbsp;Theo nh\u01b0&nbsp;ghi ch\u00e9p trong quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<strong><em>S\u00e1ch Nh\u1eefng K\u1ef7 L\u1ee5c Guiness<\/em><\/strong>, 729 phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch n\u00e0y l\u00e0 d\u1ea1ng s\u00e1ch l\u1edbn&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf&nbsp;gi\u1edbi&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(b)&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u<\/strong>:<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(C\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>Chattha Sangiti<\/em><\/strong><em>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0&nbsp;<\/em>\u201cH\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u\u201d).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o n\u0103m&nbsp;<strong>1954&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;<strong>1956<\/strong>&nbsp;d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;Th\u1ee7 T\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;U Nu.&nbsp;H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i&nbsp;<strong>Kaba Aye<\/strong>, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4&nbsp;<strong>Yangon<\/strong>&nbsp;t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng mang t\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i Hang \u0110\u1ed9ng&nbsp;<strong>Maha Pasana Guha<\/strong>, l\u00e0m gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ea1i Hang \u0110\u1ed9ng Sattapanni \u1edf th\u00e0nh Rajagaha (th\u00e0nh&nbsp;V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1) n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t \u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia,&nbsp;m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n&nbsp;Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Dhamma &amp; Vinaya<\/em>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 2.473&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n Myanmar&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1&nbsp;v\u00e0 144 T\u0103ng s\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb 7 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m: Cambodia,&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, L\u00e0o, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Th\u00e1i Lan v\u00e0&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t Nam&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tham gia&nbsp;v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c Tr\u00f9ng Tuy\u00ean&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;trong 3 n\u0103m, t\u1eeb 1951-1954, trong&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;n\u00e0y,&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;xem x\u00e9t&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef,&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau. Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00fa,&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu&nbsp;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch&nbsp;c\u00f4ng phu,&nbsp;v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;ph\u00ed c\u00f4ng&nbsp;s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng&nbsp;vui m\u1eebng&nbsp;l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ghi ch\u00e9p&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;xem x\u00e9t&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ed1ng nhau, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;sai bi\u1ec7t. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;v\u0103n b\u1ea3n&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh, c\u00e1c b\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u&nbsp;ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t&nbsp;v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhau, v\u00e0&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c&nbsp;ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 v\u00e0o&nbsp;<strong>ng\u00e0y Tr\u0103ng Tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, 1954<\/strong>.&nbsp;To\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a 40 quy\u1ec3n s\u00e1ch ghi ch\u00e9p&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2,600&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;trong 5 k\u1ef3 ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 2 n\u0103m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1954 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1956.&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0&nbsp;<strong>Mahasi Sayadaw Bhadanta Sobhana<\/strong>&nbsp;(nay \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1) \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec trong&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;<strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ch\u1ea5t V\u1ea5n (<em>Pucchaka<\/em>)<\/strong>, trong khi \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0&nbsp;<strong>Mingun Sayadaw Bhadanta Vicittasarabhivamsa&nbsp;<\/strong>l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c&nbsp;(nay \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1) th\u00ec ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec trong&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;<strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;Tr\u1ea3 L\u1eddi&nbsp;(<em>Vissajjhaka<\/em>)<\/strong>, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi&nbsp;ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c&nbsp;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;t\u1eeb trong&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, sau khi H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed9ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c&nbsp;ph\u00ea duy\u1ec7t&nbsp;v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u0103n&nbsp;b\u1ea3n kinh&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec3n,&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3i,&nbsp;Lu\u1eadn kinh&nbsp;\u0111i k\u00e8m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb ra b\u1ea3n th\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec3 in \u1ea5n.&nbsp;Th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u&nbsp;l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft&nbsp;m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi&nbsp;c\u1ee7a 2,600 T\u0103ng s\u0129 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;c\u01b0 s\u0129&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed&nbsp;kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o cho k\u1ef3&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;n\u00e0y.&nbsp;Tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch&nbsp;cao c\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;mang \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;s\u1ef1&nbsp;th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng&nbsp;vi\u00ean m\u00e3n&nbsp;v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y&nbsp;<strong><em>Tr\u0103ng Tr\u00f2n c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng N\u0103m, 1956<\/em><\/strong>, \u0111\u00fang 2 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c&nbsp;khai m\u1ea1c (v\u00e0 h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, g\u1ea7n 5 n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1951), r\u01a1i \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m&nbsp;<strong><em>2.500 n\u0103m \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>&nbsp;(Mahaparinibbana)<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c<strong>\u1ea4n&nbsp;B\u1ea3n H\u1ed9i&nbsp;Ngh\u1ecb L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 S\u00e1u<\/strong>\u201d (ti\u1ebfng Anh: (<strong>Sixth Synod Edition<\/strong>)&nbsp;<em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng, c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/em>&nbsp;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n&nbsp;<strong>ch\u00ednh quy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f3&nbsp;th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu<\/strong>&nbsp;trong gi\u1edbi&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;bi\u00ean t\u1eadp,&nbsp;hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh, c\u00e1c phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ki\u1ec3m duy\u1ec7t&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n&nbsp;qua nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o in \u1ea5n,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;52&nbsp;lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft, 40 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp hay t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 8.026 trang. Sau&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y,&nbsp;<em>t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;qu\u1ed1c gia&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c in b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.(*)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u25cf&nbsp;<u>Ghi ch\u00fa<\/u>: M\u1eb7c d\u00f9&nbsp;k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn&nbsp;tr\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t sau&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n n\u00e0o, trong khi&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t Nam&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;qu\u1ed1c gia&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1. (ND).<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u25ac&nbsp;<u>K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn<\/u>:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;mang&nbsp;t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n&nbsp;Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;cho&nbsp;th\u1ebf h\u1ec7&nbsp;sau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0&nbsp;tu h\u1ecdc. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ed7i&nbsp;h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i,&nbsp;th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn&nbsp;v\u00e0 tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean trong m\u1ed9t&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, c\u00f3 l\u00fac h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;uy\u00ean b\u00e1c, v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;sai l\u1ec7ch hay&nbsp;t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u201cTam&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Tipitaka b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali\u201d<\/strong>&nbsp;n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong><em>kho t\u00e0ng&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a nh\u1ea5t<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng kinh&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n v\u1eabn&nbsp;ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y. Theo nh\u00e0&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;<strong>Childers<sup>9<\/sup><\/strong>, phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali l\u00e0 phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n&nbsp;<strong>ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng<\/strong>&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y&nbsp;duy nh\u1ea5t<\/strong>. Khi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n th\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh&nbsp;<strong>\u201c<em>saka nirutti\u201d<\/em><\/strong>, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ma-Ki\u1ec7t-\u0110\u00e0), l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef&nbsp;ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng chungtrong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0&nbsp;ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p&nbsp;h\u1ecdc nghe-h\u1ecdc-thu\u1ed9c-nh\u1edb th\u00f4ng qua&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u1ecdc tr\u00f2 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;d\u1ea1y h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p&nbsp;n\u00f3i nghe, nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean&nbsp;x\u1ea3y ra. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch&nbsp;\u00e1p d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;<strong>c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y chung<\/strong>, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i sai s\u00f3t v\u00e0 sai l\u1ec7ch s\u1ebd nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0&nbsp;s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa&nbsp;cho \u0111\u00fang sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i, n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i hay&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;l\u1ea1i cho nhau nghe. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t sau khi&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;nh\u1eb1m&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;nhanh ch\u00f3ng&nbsp;duy tr\u00ec&nbsp;\u0111\u00fang&nbsp;ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;xung quanh&nbsp;ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Pali,&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;Theravada, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;hay \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i&nbsp;c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;b\u00e0n c\u00e3i. Theo&nbsp;H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng&nbsp;Sayadaw U Thittila<strong><sup>1<\/sup><\/strong>,&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;Pali ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u&nbsp;c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra&nbsp;<strong><em>Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o, t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n (<em>Nibbana<\/em>), s\u1ef1&nbsp;ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t&nbsp;kh\u1ed5. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9&nbsp;bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y \u0110\u00edch Th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;<\/strong>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;g\u00ecn gi\u1eef,&nbsp;b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c&nbsp;nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u00ednh th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t trong&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y,&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 n\u1ee3 \u01a1n th\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;<strong><em>nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m huy\u1ebft&nbsp;thi\u00eang li\u00eang, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;phi th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/em>&nbsp;<\/strong>c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;g\u00ecn gi\u1eef,&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba&nbsp;v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng m\u00e3i nh\u1eefng L\u1eddi D\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau \u0110\u1ea1i&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;t\u1eadn h\u00f4m nay.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>15.&nbsp;Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i:<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong><u>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;1<\/u><\/strong><strong>: Pali and Magadhi<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau&nbsp;xung quanh&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Pali. Theo Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Anagarika Dharmapala<sup>7<\/sup><\/strong>, th\u00ec nh\u00e0&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Oldenburg<\/strong>&nbsp;cho r\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u00f3 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9&nbsp;t\u1eeb cao nguy\u00ean N\u00fai Vindhya. M\u1ed9t&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129&nbsp;<strong>Franke&nbsp;<\/strong>th\u00ec qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa mi\u1ec1n Trung v\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a&nbsp;d\u00e3y N\u00fai&nbsp;Vindhya. C\u00f2n&nbsp;\u00fd ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn S\u0129&nbsp;<strong>Windisch&nbsp;<\/strong>th\u00ec kh\u00e1c h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Franke v\u00e0 Oldenburg v\u00e0 \u00f4ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfng Magadhi (Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0). R\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Pali \u0111\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;v\u0103n h\u1ecdc&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Pali ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Magadhi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;b\u1edfi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(<em>Dhamma<\/em>), v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u201cPali\u201d m\u00e0&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi&nbsp;h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;t\u00ean th\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Magadhi (Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0). V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00f3ng b\u1ea9y trong th\u01a1 v\u0103n l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1ea7ng tr\u0103ng\u2019 hay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u1ecb H\u1eb1ng\u2019, nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra&nbsp;t\u00ean th\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018M\u1eb7t Tr\u0103ng\u2019 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 mong mu\u1ed1n r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1&nbsp;qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;giai c\u1ea5p&nbsp;n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n. Nh\u01b0ng ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng&nbsp;r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i&nbsp;b\u1edfi&nbsp;qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang&nbsp;v\u00e0o th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1eddi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi, Suraseni, Paisaci, Maharashtri, Prakrit<\/strong>, v\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u00e0u \u0111\u1eb9p th\u00eam v\u00e0 l\u00e0m&nbsp;sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng&nbsp;th\u00eam cho ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t minh ra th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch&nbsp;di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u1eef&nbsp;nh\u1eb1m&nbsp;di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3&nbsp;h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi&nbsp;trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong><em>Bodhipakkhiya Dhamma<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;(t\u1ee9c 37 Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;Tr\u1ee3 \u0110\u1ea1o) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Pali c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong>,&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;trung gian&nbsp;cho nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c, m\u00e0&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 khai gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0110\u1ea1o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;c\u1ea3 2 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng, l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n&nbsp;hoa m\u1ef9&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u1ea7u k\u1ef3&nbsp;v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;th\u00f4 t\u1ee5c&nbsp;Paisaci Prakrit. Thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn th\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>Magadhi&nbsp;c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u1ecdc<\/strong>, sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Pali, \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nhau. Pali, l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;ch\u1ecdn d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1edfi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1&nbsp;qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang&nbsp;\u0111ang&nbsp;s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng&nbsp;nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 Magadha, Kosala, Suraseni, Kasi, v\u00e0 Gandhara.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u00e0&nbsp;nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u&nbsp;<strong>Sten Konow<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m gi\u1ed1ng nhau gi\u1eefa&nbsp;t\u1eeb ng\u1eef&nbsp;ti\u1ebfng Pali v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Paisaci. Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Sir George Grierson<\/strong>, t\u1eebng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 S\u01b0u T\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&nbsp;v\u1edbi&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;<strong>Windisch&nbsp;<\/strong>khi cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;v\u0103n h\u1ecdc&nbsp;Pali ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<strong>M<\/strong><strong>agadhi&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0). \u00d4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1eef Paisaci \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i trong&nbsp;qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Kancidesiya, Pandya Pancala; Gauda,&nbsp;<em>Magadha<\/em>, Vracada, Dakshinatya, Saurasena, Kaikeya, Sabara, Dravida. Pandya, Kekaya, Bahlika, Simhala, Nepala, Kuntala, Sudhesna, Bota, Gandhara, Haiva v\u00e0 Kannojana.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;Grierson vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1eaft b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 3 danh s\u00e1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy m\u00f4 tr\u1ea3i d\u00e0i m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y bao ph\u1ee7. N\u1ebfu&nbsp;ch\u00fang ta&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, th\u00ec ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;Paisaci Prakrit \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a&nbsp;<strong>to\u00e0n&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3&nbsp;T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,&nbsp;<strong>ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;Pali<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u lan r\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 trong&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n qua&nbsp;bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. B\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn, th\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd m\u1ecdc l\u00ean nh\u1eefng&nbsp;trung t\u00e2m&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;v\u0103n h\u00f3a,&nbsp;h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y, tr\u1ed3ng hoa, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac\u2026vv.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong><u>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;2:<\/u><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;B\u1ed1n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ed1i Ch\u1ee9ng<\/strong>&nbsp;<em>(Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n, Maha-parinibbana Sutta).<\/em><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong su\u1ed1t&nbsp;chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i y\u00ean ngh\u1ec9&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng&nbsp;l\u00e0 Kusinara hay Kusinagar,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ngh\u1ec9 l\u1ea1i trong th\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Ananda \u1edf&nbsp;<strong>Bhoganagara&nbsp;<\/strong>(ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Kesariya<\/strong>) v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y 4&nbsp;ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>B\u1ed1n \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ed1i Ch\u1ee9ng<\/strong>&nbsp;hay&nbsp;<strong>B\u1ed1n&nbsp;\u1ea4n Ch\u1ee9ng<\/strong>, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(1)&nbsp;M\u1ed9t&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb&nbsp;<strong>mi\u1ec7ng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n&nbsp;n\u00f3i ra<\/strong>; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ea7y\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(2)&nbsp;M\u1ed9t&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3&nbsp;t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;\u1edf \u0111\u00f3, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;<strong>t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a&nbsp;t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i ra<\/strong>; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ea7y\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(3)&nbsp;M\u1ed9t&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3&nbsp;<em>nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;<\/em>T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;r\u1ea5t&nbsp;uy\u00ean b\u00e1c&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh,&nbsp;tinh th\u00f4ng&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi nh\u1edb Lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi nh\u1edb&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi nh\u1edb \u0110i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt; t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;<strong>t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i ra<\/strong>; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ea7y\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(4)&nbsp;M\u1ed9t&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cT\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3&nbsp;<em>m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<\/em>T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;r\u1ea5t&nbsp;uy\u00ean b\u00e1c&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh,&nbsp;tinh th\u00f4ng&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi nh\u1edb Lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi nh\u1edb&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi nh\u1edb \u0110i\u1ec1u Lu\u1eadt; t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;<strong>t\u1eeb mi\u1ec7ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i ra<\/strong>; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ea7y\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong m\u1ed9t&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p&nbsp;n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 v\u1eady tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y, l\u1eddi&nbsp;tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1ecb&nbsp;ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i, m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe&nbsp;<strong>ph\u1ea3i n\u00ean&nbsp;xem x\u00e9t&nbsp;c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn&nbsp;t\u1eebng ch\u1eef&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c minh l\u1ea1i trong&nbsp;<strong>Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>(Vinaya)<\/em><\/strong>ho\u1eb7c&nbsp;<strong>Kinh (<em>Sutta)<\/em><\/strong><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;<strong>kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh&nbsp;<\/strong>trong Lu\u1eadt hay&nbsp;<strong>c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn&nbsp;<\/strong>trong Kinh, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra, m\u00e0 do&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;<strong>hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&nbsp;sai<\/strong>.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe n\u00ean&nbsp;<strong>t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i&nbsp;<\/strong>nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;<strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c minh&nbsp;<\/strong>trong Lu\u1eadt hay&nbsp;<strong>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn&nbsp;<\/strong>trong Kinh, th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra, m\u00e0 do&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;<strong>hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u0111\u00fang<\/strong>.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe n\u00ean&nbsp;<strong>ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;<\/strong>nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3..<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong><u>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;3:<\/u><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;M\u01b0\u1eddi T\u00e1m Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>Nikayas<\/em>&nbsp;(Nh\u1eefng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;C\u1ed5 X\u01b0a)<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(A)<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Mahasanghika) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;li\u00ean quan:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Mahasanghika)&nbsp;<\/strong>hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i \u2018\u0110\u1ea1i&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;T\u0103ng Ch\u00fang\u2019 (v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;tham gia&nbsp;b\u1edfi h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o,&nbsp;y\u00eau s\u00e1ch&nbsp;\u201c10 \u0110i\u1ec1u\u201d&nbsp;sai bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh lu\u1eadt), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>Nikaya<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ly khai kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;sau&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Hai. H\u1ecd c\u00f3&nbsp;trung t\u00e2m&nbsp;ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng&nbsp;t\u1ea1i Pataliputta (Hoa Th\u1ecb Th\u00e0nh), nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau h\u1ecd&nbsp;di chuy\u1ec3n&nbsp;qua Magadha theo 2 h\u01b0\u1edbng, m\u1ed9t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t theo h\u01b0\u1edbng Nam. Nh\u00f3m \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam ng\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf Andhra Pradesh v\u00e0 tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5&nbsp;xung quanh&nbsp;v\u00f9ng Amaravati v\u00e0 Dhanakataka, nh\u1eefng chi nh\u00e1nh nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y th\u00ec t\u1eadp trung \u1edf Nagarjunikonda, tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 r\u1ea3i r\u00e1c tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng n\u00fai&nbsp;xung quanh. Phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfng Pali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng m\u1eabu&nbsp;ch\u1eef vi\u1ebft, m\u1eabu ch\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf kh\u1eafp nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0: Pubbaseliyas, Uttaraseliyas hay Aparaseliyas, Siddhatthikas v\u00e0 Rajagirikas &#8211; nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t t\u00ean chung l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Andhakas&nbsp;<\/strong>b\u1edfi Ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa (Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m) trong quy\u1ec3n lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n&nbsp;<em>Kathavatthu (Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t)<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng nh\u00f3m c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9&nbsp;di chuy\u1ec3n&nbsp;theo h\u01b0\u1edbng B\u1eafc, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;nh\u01b0 Ekabboharikas, Gokulikas, Pannattivadins v\u00e0 Bahusuttika.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Gokulikas v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Kathavatthu (Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t)<\/em>, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00ec 3&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;kia kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n&nbsp;duy tr\u00ec&nbsp;b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9&nbsp;\u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng&nbsp;hay s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1)&nbsp;<strong>Gokulika&nbsp;<\/strong>(Kukkulika) (K\u00ea D\u1eadn b\u1ed9) \u2014 Tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y xem&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;l\u00e0 b\u1ec3 kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 b\u1ecb thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1&nbsp;th\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5&nbsp;v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3&nbsp;h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea3o l\u1eeda&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c&nbsp;(<em>kukkula<\/em>), v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Kinh L\u1eeda.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2)&nbsp;<strong>Ekavyoharika&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ekavyavaharika) (Nh\u1ea5t Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ed9) \u2014&nbsp;B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng&nbsp;th\u1eddi k\u1ef3&nbsp;sau \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp&nbsp;tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i&nbsp;trong&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Mahasanghika).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;<strong>Bahulika&nbsp;<\/strong>(Bahusrutiya) (\u0110a V\u0103n b\u1ed9) \u2014 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 t\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi,&nbsp;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;tri th\u1ee9c&nbsp;v\u00e0 s\u1ef1&nbsp;uy\u00ean b\u00e1c,&nbsp;tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9&nbsp;hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o&nbsp;nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng (<em>bahusutta&nbsp;<\/em>=&nbsp;h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh,&nbsp;uy\u00ean b\u00e1c).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4)&nbsp;<strong>Cetiyavada&nbsp;<\/strong>(Chaitiyavada) (Ch\u1ebf \u0110a S\u01a1n b\u1ed9) \u2014&nbsp;B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y&nbsp;nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh&nbsp;v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;th\u1edd ph\u1ee5ng, c\u00fang b\u00e1i (<em>cetiya=&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd, b\u1ea3o \u0111i\u1ec7n).&nbsp;B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;nh\u1eadn d\u1ea1ng&nbsp;ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong>Lokottaravadins<\/strong>&nbsp;b\u1edfi v\u00ec quy\u1ec3n Mahavastu (\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ef1), m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn&nbsp;L\u00c0 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Lokottaravadins N\u00c0Y, c\u0169ng&nbsp;n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;th\u1edd c\u00fang&nbsp;c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd&nbsp;<em>cetiyas<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5)&nbsp;<strong>Pannattivada&nbsp;<\/strong>(Prajnaptivada) (Thi Thi\u1ebft b\u1ed9) \u2014 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i v\u1ec1&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m (<em>pannatti =<\/em>&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft, kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6)&nbsp;<strong>Purvasaila&nbsp;<\/strong>(\u0110\u00f4ng s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9) v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Aparasaila<\/strong>&nbsp;(T\u00e2y s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9)(= Uttarasaila<strong>)&nbsp;<\/strong>(\u0110\u00f4ng s\u01a1n tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9) \u2014 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;\u1edf v\u00f9ng Andhra m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, \u0110\u00f4ng s\u01a1n\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u00fai ph\u00eda T\u00e2y. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong>Andhaka<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(B)<\/strong>&nbsp;<strong>Theravada (Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o b\u1ed9) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;li\u00ean quan<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Theravada&nbsp;<\/strong>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;<em>Sangha&nbsp;<strong>nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/strong><\/em>&nbsp;m\u00e0 t\u1eeb n\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n v\u00e0 ly khai.&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1)&nbsp;<strong>Mahisasaka (<\/strong>H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9)\u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t theo t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u01a1i m\u00e0&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0&nbsp;Theravada, ph\u00e1i Mahisasaka c\u0169ng theo&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua&nbsp;m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1&nbsp;c\u00e1m d\u1ed7&nbsp;v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n&nbsp;th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n&nbsp;n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2)&nbsp;<strong>Vajjiputaka&nbsp;<\/strong>(Vatsiputriya) (\u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9) \u2014 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp&nbsp;b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3&nbsp;(Vajjis), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;tham gia&nbsp;v\u00e0o ph\u00e1i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Mahasanghika) m\u00e0 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang ra th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp&nbsp;sau n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xem duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>Abhidhmma&nbsp;<\/em>d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o&nbsp;ni\u1ec1m tin&nbsp;v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1&nbsp;t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t&nbsp;c\u00e1 th\u1ec3&nbsp;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi,&nbsp;ni\u1ec1m tin&nbsp;n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1edfi ph\u00e1i Sammitiyas (ch\u00ednh&nbsp;ni\u1ec1m tin&nbsp;n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u1edfi ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Sammitiyas (Ch\u00e1nh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9). C\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9&nbsp;<strong>Puggalavadins<\/strong>, hay nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i Puggalavada,&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a v\u1edbi&nbsp;Vajjiputaka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;<strong>Dhammuttarika&nbsp;<\/strong>(Dharmottariya<strong>)&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ph\u00e1p Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9) \u2014 M\u1ed9t&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;(<em>Dhamma<\/em>) cao di\u1ec7u h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u00e1i c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c&nbsp;t\u1eeb b\u1ed9&nbsp;ph\u00e1i Vajiputtakas (\u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y&nbsp;\u1edf Aparanta g\u1ea7n v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n Maharastra n\u01a1i c\u00f3 khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n Soparakal v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4)&nbsp;<strong>Bhaddayanika&nbsp;<\/strong>(Bhadrayanika) (Hi\u1ec1n Tr\u1ee5 b\u1ed9) \u2014 Chi\u1ebfc xe c\u1ee7a \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh\u201d, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t&nbsp;t\u1eeb&nbsp;Vajjiputtaka (\u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9). Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;\u201c<em>anupubbabhisamaya<\/em>\u201d \u2013 t\u1ee9c ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9&nbsp;T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf&nbsp;l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c theo \u0111\u00fang tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1&nbsp;tu h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5)&nbsp;<strong>Channagarika&nbsp;<\/strong>(Sannagarika) (M\u1eadt L\u00e2m S\u01a1n b\u1ed9&nbsp;) \u2014 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i c\u1ee7a 6 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;sinh t\u1eeb Vajjiputtaka (\u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed b\u1ed9). H\u1ecd ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;<em>Dukkhaharoti, khi th\u1ed1 ra ch\u1eef&nbsp;<\/em>\u201c<em>dukkha<\/em>\u201d (kh\u1ed5) th\u00ec s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c&nbsp;(<em>nana<\/em>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6)&nbsp;<strong>Sammitiya&nbsp;<\/strong>(Sammatiya) (Ch\u00e1nh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9) \u2014 T\u00ean c\u1ee7a&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t&nbsp;t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u201c<strong><em>samma ditthi<\/em><\/strong>\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0&nbsp;Ch\u00e1nh Ki\u1ebfn.&nbsp;B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c&nbsp;t\u1eeb b\u1ed9&nbsp;ph\u00e1i Mahakaccana (H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba b\u1ed9),&nbsp;tuy nhi\u00ean&nbsp;theo quy\u1ec3n Mahavamsa (\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ef1), th\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Vajiputtaka (\u0110\u1ed9c T\u1eed B\u1ed9).&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt&nbsp;duy nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y l\u00e0 xem&nbsp;b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t&nbsp;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;puggala, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u2018chuy\u00ean ch\u1edf\u2019 5 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p U\u1ea9n (skandha) t\u1eeb l\u00fac sinh&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;t\u00e1i sinh. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Sabbathivadins (Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9), h\u1ecd c\u0169ng&nbsp;th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn&nbsp;c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3nh kh\u1eafc chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa l\u00fac ch\u1ebft v\u00e0&nbsp;t\u00e1i sinh, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;Trung \u1ea4m&nbsp;(<em>antarabhava<\/em>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7)&nbsp;<strong>Sabbathivada&nbsp;<\/strong>(Sarvastivadin) (Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9) \u2014 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef \u201c<strong><em>sabbaathi<\/em><\/strong>\u201d, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u201d hay \u2018Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu\u2019, n\u00f3i l\u00ean&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y. Th\u1eadt ra h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;v\u0169 tr\u1ee5&nbsp;nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Theravada, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3&nbsp;linh h\u1ed3n&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1eedu, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0&nbsp;v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u theo lu\u1eadt&nbsp;V\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;Nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3&nbsp;(<em>kamma<\/em>).&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Sabbathivada tin v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu&nbsp;th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;N\u0103m U\u1ea9n&nbsp;(<em>khandha)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o&nbsp;n\u00ean m\u1ed9t&nbsp;th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3&nbsp;s\u1ed1ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u2018con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019, trong khi tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Theravada cho r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;N\u0103m U\u1ea9n&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;N\u0103m U\u1ea9n&nbsp;(<em>khandhas<\/em>)&nbsp;t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i,&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu&nbsp;trong m\u1ecdi l\u00fac-&nbsp;qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9,&nbsp;hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>8)&nbsp;<strong>Dhammagutika&nbsp;<\/strong>(Dharmagupta) (Ph\u00e1p Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9) \u2014 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf Gujarat v\u00e0 Sindhu v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;nh\u1eadn&nbsp;s\u1ee9 m\u1ea1ng&nbsp;\u0111i Hy L\u1ea1p l\u00e0 Dhammarakkhita hay Dharmagupta, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i \u0111i&nbsp;ngay sau khi&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;t\u1ea1i sao&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn trong quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Kathavatthu (Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>9)&nbsp;<strong>Kassapiya&nbsp;<\/strong>(Kasyapiya) (Ca Di\u1ebfp&nbsp;b\u1ed9) \u2014 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp&nbsp;ra&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Kassapagotta, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;Majhima \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u1edf v\u00f9ng Himalaya.&nbsp;B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong>Haimavata<\/strong>&nbsp;(Tuy\u1ebft s\u01a1n b\u1ed9) \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u00fai cao&nbsp;Hy M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>10)&nbsp;<strong>Samkantika&nbsp;<\/strong>(Sautrantika) (Thuy\u1ebft Chuy\u1ec3n b\u1ed9) \u2014 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;nh\u1eadn&nbsp;gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>Abhidhamma&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9&nbsp;th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn&nbsp;nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ghi trong&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ec th\u1ebf,&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a&nbsp;b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong>Suttavada&nbsp;<\/strong>(Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed9), nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 theo&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd&nbsp;trong&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong><u>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;4:<\/u><\/strong><strong>Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa&nbsp;<\/strong>(M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean T\u1eed \u0110\u1ebf Tu)<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo ghi ch\u00e9p trong quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ef1&nbsp;<strong>Mahavamsa,&nbsp;<\/strong>Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Moggaliputta Tissa<\/strong>,&nbsp;Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecda&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Ba, v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n&nbsp;Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean&nbsp;t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tissa trong&nbsp;ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00e0o l\u00fac&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Hai, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nguy c\u01a1 suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a&nbsp;ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p&nbsp;trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u&nbsp;Ng\u00e0i gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 , nh\u00e2n v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u1edf&nbsp;c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi&nbsp;Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean&nbsp;c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp h\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh v\u00e0o&nbsp;c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n s\u1ef1 xu\u1ed1ng d\u1ed1c&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;trong v\u00f9ng l\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1eddi. V\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn sinh ra l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n t\u00ean l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Moggali<\/strong>&nbsp;\u1edf Pataliputta (Hoa Th\u1ecb Th\u00e0nh). Hai v\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Siggava&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Candavajji<\/strong>, \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Sonaka<\/strong>&nbsp;(Ng\u00e0i Sonaka ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<strong>Dasaka<\/strong>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o&nbsp;b\u1edfi v\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n&nbsp;<\/em>Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Upali<\/strong>) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;giao ph\u00f3&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a&nbsp;Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Moggaliputta Tissa<\/strong>. T\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;n\u0103m 7 tu\u1ed5i, Ng\u00e0i Siggava h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd Moggali (M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean). \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 8, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u1ecd, ch\u00e0ng trai tr\u1ebb&nbsp;<strong>Tissa<\/strong>, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;kinh&nbsp;V\u1ec7 \u0110\u00e0&nbsp;(Vedas), r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu khi th\u1ea5y Ng\u00e0i Siggava b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi ch\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u1eeb ph\u1ea9m Song \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 T\u00e2m (<strong>Citta Yamaka<\/strong>) trong t\u1ea1ng&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;Abhidhamma. Tissa \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3&nbsp;tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi&nbsp;c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Tissa \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Siggava, v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t nhanh sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3&nbsp;Nh\u1eadp L\u01b0u&nbsp;(<em>Sotapanna<\/em>). Ng\u00e0i Siggava d\u1ea1y Tissa&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>Vinaya&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Candavajji d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Sutta<\/em>) v\u00e0&nbsp;Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(<em>Abhidhamma<\/em>). V\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c&nbsp;si\u00eau ph\u00e0m&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb&nbsp;l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o&nbsp;l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u1edf Pataliputta (Hoa Th\u1ecb Th\u00e0nh).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0o d\u1ecbp l\u1ec5&nbsp;c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;tu vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Asokarama v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng&nbsp;b\u1edfi Vua<strong>&nbsp;Asoka<\/strong>, Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa, trong khi&nbsp;tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi&nbsp;nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Vua Asoka, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;th\u00ed ch\u1ee7&nbsp;c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;l\u1edbn&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0&nbsp;nh\u00e0 vua v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i cho con trai, con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh&nbsp;gia nh\u1eadp&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i tu. Nghe theo&nbsp;l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, nh\u00e0 Vua \u0111\u00e3 cho 2 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Mahinda&nbsp;<\/strong>(ho\u00e0ng&nbsp;t\u1eed Ma&nbsp;Th\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0) v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Sanghamitta<\/strong>&nbsp;(c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa&nbsp;T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-m\u1eadt-\u0111a)&nbsp;th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa gi\u1eef&nbsp;vai tr\u00f2&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Mahinda.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a Vua Asoka, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u k\u1ebb&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o&nbsp;gi\u1ea3 danh&nbsp;l\u00e0m&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;tr\u00e0 tr\u1ed9n&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i&nbsp;v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;m\u00e0 s\u1ef1&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Vua d\u00e0nh cho&nbsp;gi\u1edbi T\u1ef3 kheo, l\u00e0m cho&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng&nbsp;sa s\u00fat. Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa giao cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;lo li\u1ec7u&nbsp;gi\u00f9m Mahinda v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i r\u00fat v\u1ec1 \u1ea9n tu \u1edf v\u00f9ng&nbsp;<strong>N\u00fai Ahoganga.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh v\u00ec s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o&nbsp;v\u00e0 s\u1ef1&nbsp;v\u00f4 k\u1ef7 lu\u1eadt&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, m\u00e0 trong 7 n\u0103m \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 Uposatha, v\u1ed1n l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 2 tu\u1ea7n&nbsp;m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n&nbsp;trong c\u00e1c&nbsp;tu vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;theo Lu\u1eadt \u201cGi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt T\u1ef3 Kheo\u201d (Patimokkha).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Khi vua Asoka c\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u tra&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p&nbsp;n\u00e0y, th\u00ec&nbsp;v\u1ecb quan&nbsp;l\u1ea1i&nbsp;ngu xu\u1ea9n&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ra tay gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo. Khi nghe vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra, nh\u00e0 Vua l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m&nbsp;\u00e2n h\u1eadn&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u00e0 Vua ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3. L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, nh\u00e0 Vua nghe n\u00f3i Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa, \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i&nbsp;\u1ea9n d\u1eadt&nbsp;tr\u00ean v\u00f9ng N\u00fai Ahoganga \u1edf&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u&nbsp;s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap nh\u00e0 Vua gi\u1ea3i t\u1ecfa&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Vua ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed9i&nbsp;\u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o, khi m\u00e0 c\u1eadn th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo. Nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p&nbsp;nh\u1eadn xu\u1ed1ng n\u00fai.&nbsp;Cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;khi vua Asoka k\u00eau g\u1ecdi r\u1eb1ng, s\u1ef1&nbsp;ph\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;tr\u1edf n\u00ean&nbsp;\u00f4n h\u00f2a. V\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;xu\u00f4i thuy\u1ec1n xu\u1ed1ng Pataliputta v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 Vua \u0111\u00e3 ra t\u1eadn b\u1ebfn t\u00e0u giang tay \u0111\u00f3n Ng\u00e0i. Sau \u0111\u00f3, nh\u00e0 Vua m\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn khu Ng\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;<strong>Rativaddhana<\/strong>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;ki\u1ec3m tra&nbsp;n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c&nbsp;c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, v\u00e0&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u&nbsp;Ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y&nbsp;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u. V\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng nh\u1ecf&nbsp;xung quanh. V\u00e0&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c&nbsp;nh\u00e0 Vua r\u1eb1ng, vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 Vua, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;cho nh\u00e0 Vua kinh&nbsp;<strong>Chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;Ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n&nbsp;Tittira (Tittira Jakata)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong v\u00f2ng&nbsp;m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a 2&nbsp;<em>yakkhas<\/em>, nh\u00e0 Vua \u0111\u00e3 cho&nbsp;tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;t\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb&nbsp;t\u1ea1i&nbsp;Tu vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Asokarama.&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft&nbsp;Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa, Vua Asoka \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi cho c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai&nbsp;th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;sai l\u1ec7ch,&nbsp;d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n. Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3&nbsp;<strong>Vibhajjavada&nbsp;<\/strong>(Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t Lu\u1eadn) l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Sau n\u00e0y, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 1000 v\u1ecb&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>, Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa&nbsp;tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Ba t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a Asokarama, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n&nbsp;quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<strong>Kathavatthu&nbsp;<\/strong>(Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t), nh\u1eb1m&nbsp;b\u00e1c b\u1ecf&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quan \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 17 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;Vua Asoka v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Moggalipitta l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 72 tu\u1ed5i. Sau khi&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Ba, sau 9 th\u00e1ng ngh\u1ecb s\u1ef1, ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp, v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng Katthika, cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo,&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1i c\u1eed \u0111i ra nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong><u>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;5:<\/u><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<em>Tipitakadharas<\/em>, Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0&nbsp;Th\u00f4ng Thu\u1ed9c&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;C\u1ee7a Myanmar Trong&nbsp;Th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1i&nbsp;Ng\u00e0y Nay<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u2022&nbsp;<em>Tipitakadhara<\/em><\/strong>=&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;S\u01b0 (t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc h\u1ebft&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u2022&nbsp;<em>Tipitakakawida<\/em><\/strong>=&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;S\u01b0 (\u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u2022&nbsp;<em>Maha Tipitakakawida<\/em><\/strong>= \u0110\u1ea1i&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;S\u01b0 (v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p&nbsp;tinh th\u00f4ng&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh, \u1edf nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n T\u1eadp&nbsp;K\u1ebft kinh&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec3n)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u2022&nbsp;<em>Dhammabhandagarika<\/em><\/strong>=&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p S\u01b0&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;(<em>Dhamma&nbsp;<\/em>)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Danh Hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn&nbsp;v\u00e0 trao cho nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;l\u00e0 th\u00ed sinh&nbsp;tham d\u1ef1&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua&nbsp;th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng&nbsp;k\u1ef3&nbsp;s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch&nbsp;r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n. C\u00e1c th\u00ed sinh ph\u1ea3i t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng mi\u1ec7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft 8026 trang&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f2ng thi vi\u1ebft,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Tham Lu\u1eadn, Ti\u1ec3u Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng. K\u1ef3 Thi Tuy\u1ec3n Ch\u1ecdn B\u1eadc&nbsp;Tinh Th\u00f4ng&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;(<em>Tipitakadhara&nbsp;<\/em>Selection Examination) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 thi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cao nh\u1ea5t. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ai&nbsp;v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;Danh Hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;n\u00e0o n\u00eau tr\u00ean trong K\u1ef3 thi n\u0103m 1948 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Rangoon (Yangon)&nbsp;ngay sau khi&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed9c L\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ee5c ti\u00eau&nbsp;c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 thi nh\u1eb1m khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1i hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb, thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;<em>Tipitaka&nbsp;<\/em>(8026 trang hay kho\u1ea3ng 2.4 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eeb b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali theo gi\u1ecdng Myanmar (Myanmar Pali).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c thi d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean&nbsp;th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;k\u1ef3 thi k\u00e9o d\u00e0i&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;5 n\u0103m (t\u1ee5ng, \u0111\u1ecdc, n\u00f3i, vi\u1ebft). Trong n\u0103m th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 Hai, c\u00e1c thi sinh thi&nbsp;s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>Vinaya Pitaka&nbsp;<\/em>(2260 trang) k\u00e9o d\u00e0i&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c&nbsp;trong 20 ng\u00e0y \u2013 (M\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch&nbsp;trong 3 ng\u00e0y&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, thi h\u1ebft 5 b\u1ed9 s\u00e1ch&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;m\u1ea5t t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 15 ng\u00e0y&nbsp;li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi 5 ng\u00e0y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n thi&nbsp;s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch&nbsp;thi vi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng Lu\u1eadn Gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Tham Lu\u1eadn, Ti\u1ec3u Lu\u00e2n Gi\u1ea3ng). N\u0103m th\u1ee9 Ba, c\u00e1c th\u00ed sinh thi&nbsp;s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch&nbsp;3 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp Nikayas c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>Sutta Pitaka&nbsp;<\/em>(779 trang). V\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 v\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee9 N\u0103m, c\u00e1c th\u00ed sinh thi&nbsp;s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch&nbsp;tr\u00ean 5 b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea7u (1.390 trang) v\u00e0 2 b\u1ed9 cu\u1ed1i (3.597 trang) trong t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng 7 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;<em>Abhidhamma Pitaka.<\/em>&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, t\u1ed5ng&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n cu\u1ed9c thi l\u00e0 4 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u00ed&nbsp;sinh th\u00e0nh&nbsp;c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Thi\u1ec1n S\u01b0&nbsp;U Vicittasarabhivamsa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi sau n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1i t\u00ean&nbsp;n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;v\u00e0 quyen thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Mingun Sayadaw&#8217;<\/strong>&nbsp;trong nhi\u1ec1u s\u00e1ch v\u1edf v\u00e0 t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua&nbsp;k\u1ef3&nbsp;s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;trong K\u1ef3 Thi 1950. N\u0103m 1953, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;ph\u1ea7n thi&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n&nbsp;s\u00e1t h\u1ea1ch&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;l\u00e0 kinh&nbsp;<strong><em>Pathika Vagga&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><em>&nbsp;(<\/em><em>Ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Patikaputta, t\u00ean m\u1ed9t&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;ngo\u1ea1i-\u0111\u1ea1o<\/em>) thu\u1ed9c&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh, v\u00e0&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao&nbsp;danh hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;&#8216;<em>Tipitakadhara<\/em>&#8216;: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;Tinh Th\u00f4ng&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;\u1edf Myanmar (Burma) v\u00e0o n\u0103m Ng\u00e0i 42 tu\u1ed5i, v\u00e0&nbsp;th\u00e0nh t\u00edch&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;l\u01b0u danh&nbsp;v\u00e0o S\u00e1ch Nh\u1eefng K\u1ef7 L\u1ee5c Guiness c\u1ee7a&nbsp;th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u00e0y, c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;(T\u1ef3 kheo) xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang, v\u1edbi&nbsp;tr\u00ed nh\u1edb&nbsp;phi th\u01b0\u1eddng, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 5&nbsp;danh hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. T\u1eeb sau 1948, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;th\u00ed sinh sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao nh\u1eefng&nbsp;danh hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;<em>Tipitakadhara<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><u>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t&nbsp;Danh Hi\u1ec7u<\/u><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;<u>Danh Hi\u1ec7u<\/u>&nbsp;<u>N\u0103m<\/u>&nbsp;<u>Tu\u1ed5i<\/u>&nbsp;**<u><\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Vicittasarabhivamsa 1,3,4 1953 42<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Nemainda 1,2,4 1959 32<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Kosala 1,2,4 1963 36<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Sumingalalankara 1,2 1973 27<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Sirinandabhivamsa 1,2 1984 42<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Vayameindabhivamsa 1,2 1995 39<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Kondanna 1 1997 55<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Silakhandabhivamsa 1,2 1998, 2000 34<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Vamsapalalankara 1,2 1998, 2000 32<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Indapala 1 2001 40<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ven. Sundara 1 2001 45<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>*1 =&nbsp;<em>Tipitakadhara&nbsp;<\/em>=&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;S\u01b0 (\u0111\u1ecdc thu\u1ed9c h\u1ebft&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh)***<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>*2 =&nbsp;<em>Tipitakakawida&nbsp;<\/em>=&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;S\u01b0 (\u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft h\u1ebft&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>*3 =&nbsp;<em>Maha Tipitakakawida&nbsp;<\/em>= \u0110\u1ea1i&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;S\u01b0 (\u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p&nbsp;h\u1ebft&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>*4 =&nbsp;<em>Dhammabhandagarika&nbsp;<\/em>=&nbsp;Tinh Th\u00f4ng&nbsp;H\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;canh gi\u1eef&nbsp;b\u1ea3o ph\u00e1p)&nbsp;<em>(ti\u1ebfng Anh: Keeper of Dhamma Treasure, H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018B\u1ea3o Th\u1ee7 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p\u2019)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>** = Tu\u1ed5i v\u00e0o n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao&nbsp;Danh Hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>*** = Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Danh Hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;n\u00e0y do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch theo s\u00e1t&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i&nbsp;Danh Hi\u1ec7u.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>**** Ch\u1eef \u201cVen.\u201d hay \u201cVenerable\u201d = Ng\u00e0i,&nbsp;T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c, S\u01b0\u2026 \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u0103ng,&nbsp;cao t\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0&nbsp;tr\u00ed kh\u00f4n&nbsp;hay&nbsp;l\u00fd do&nbsp;ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng&nbsp;khi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng K\u1ef3 Thi \u0111\u1ea7y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u00f4ng phu&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, trong khi n\u00e0y ngay&nbsp;ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n&nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00e9p t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Tipitaka v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u0129a CD-ROM, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;lo s\u1ee3&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Tipiataka b\u1ecb bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;th\u1ebf gian&nbsp;n\u00e0y n\u1eefa.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Danh Hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;m\u00e0 c\u00e1c&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;th\u00ed sinh xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;qua c\u00e1c k\u1ef3 thi n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng, c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tu s\u0129&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;ho\u1eb7c t\u1eebng ph\u1ea7n&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;cho t\u0103ng, ni,&nbsp;ph\u1eadt t\u1eed,&nbsp;c\u01b0 s\u0129&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u00e0i Kinh&nbsp;v\u00e0 b\u00e0i&nbsp;Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, nhanh h\u01a1n,&nbsp;sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng&nbsp;h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n t\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u00e0o, ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111\u0129a CD-ROM c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;c\u00f3&nbsp;h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eadt m\u00e0n h\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc ch\u1eef hay nghe&nbsp;\u00e2m thanh&nbsp;ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb n\u00f3. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc, n\u1eafm v\u1eefng v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;\u2018t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n qu\u00fd\u2019 v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c&nbsp;v\u00f4 v\u00e0n, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a&nbsp;c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00ec&nbsp;b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ph\u00e1p&nbsp;l\u00e0&nbsp;b\u1ed1 th\u00ed&nbsp;cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ea5t. \u201c<em>M\u00f3n qu\u00e0 v\u1ec1&nbsp;Ch\u00e2n L\u00fd&nbsp;l\u00e0 m\u00f3n qu\u00e0 cao qu\u00fd nh\u1ea5t<\/em>\u201d, l\u00e0 s\u1ef1&nbsp;c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;thanh t\u1ecbnh&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;t\u1ed9t c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng K\u1ef3 Thi mang t\u00ednh k\u1ef7 l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng c\u1ea3m k\u00edch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u25cf&nbsp;T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u&nbsp;Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/strong>: T\u1ea1p ch\u00ed \u201c<strong><em>Tipitaka&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><strong>Golden Jubilee Magazine 1948\/49 \u2013 1997\/98<\/strong>\u201d, T\u1eadp san \u201cReligious Affairs Directorate Press, Myanmar, 1998\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong><u>Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;6:<\/u><\/strong><strong>&nbsp;Vua Kanishka C\u1ee7a X\u1ee9&nbsp;Kushans<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Kushans&nbsp;<\/strong>thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc d\u00e2n&nbsp;<strong>Yueh-chih<\/strong>&nbsp;(Nguy\u1ec7t Chi) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Tochari, tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia s\u1ed1ng d\u1ecdc theo&nbsp;bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi&nbsp;ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa gi\u1eefa Tun-huang (\u0110\u00f4n Ho\u00e0ng) v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u00fai Chi-lien-shan. H\u1ecd b\u1ecb&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i&nbsp;b\u1edfi qu\u00e2n Hsiung-nu (d\u00e2n Hung N\u00f4 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc \u00c1, b\u1eafc Trung Hoa)&nbsp;v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;n\u0103m 177 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a t\u00e0n qu\u00e2n b\u1ecb&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 di tr\u00fa v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, v\u00e0o s\u00e2u trong v\u00f9ng ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Kyrhyzstan ng\u00e0y nay,&nbsp;xung quanh&nbsp;H\u1ed3 Issyk Kul. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c&nbsp;<strong>Yueh-chih&nbsp;<\/strong>n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 l\u1ea1c Sakas (m\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Hy-L\u1ea1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Scythians, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n l\u00e0 &#8220;Sai&#8221;), c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c&nbsp;M\u00f4ng c\u1ed5, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam v\u00e0o c\u00e1c x\u1ee9 Parthia (v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Seleucid v\u00e0o n\u0103m 281 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, x\u1ee9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 Syria) kho\u1ea3ng 138-124 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd l\u1ea1i&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh nhau&nbsp;v\u1edbi Hung N\u00f4 v\u00e0 b\u1ecb Hung N\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea9y v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda v\u00f9ng&nbsp;<strong>Sogdiana&nbsp;<\/strong>(t\u1ee9c Uzbekistan ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u00eda T\u00e2y v\u00f9ng Ferghana, \u0110\u1ea1i Uy\u00ean) v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng&nbsp;<strong>Bactria&nbsp;<\/strong>(\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ea1, m\u1ed9t&nbsp;qu\u1ed1c gia&nbsp;c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng n\u00fai Hindu Kush v\u00e0 S\u00f4ng Oxus, m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc Afghanistan, Uzbekistan va Tajikistan ng\u00e0y nay), t\u1eeb n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111u\u1ed5i&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Sakas b\u1ea3n x\u1ee9 ra ngo\u00e0i. B\u1ed9 T\u1ed9c Yueh-chih v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c theo h\u1ecd th\u1eadt ra l\u00e0 g\u1ed1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Asiani v\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Tokharians&nbsp;<\/strong>t\u1eeb ph\u00eda T\u00e2y.&nbsp;V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;128 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, theo ghi ch\u00e9p th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi Yueh-chih sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf v\u00f9ng B\u1eafc S\u00f4ng&nbsp;<strong>Oxus&nbsp;<\/strong>(Amy Darya),&nbsp;th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb&nbsp;c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng Bactria (\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ea1), chia l\u00e0m 5 ch\u00e2u. M\u1ed9t&nbsp;tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp&nbsp;b\u1edfi 1 trong 5 th\u1ee7 l\u0129nh, t\u00ean l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>Kujula Kadphises<\/strong>,l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t 4 ch\u00e2u kia l\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta. Kujula Kadphises&nbsp;x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;<strong>Parthia<\/strong>(n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y n\u1eb1m&nbsp;xung quanh&nbsp;v\u00f9ng&nbsp;Khorastan \u1edf Iran) v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm lu\u00f4n&nbsp;<strong>Kabul<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Con trai c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta l\u00e0&nbsp;<strong>V\u2019ima Kadphises&nbsp;<\/strong>k\u1ebf ng\u00f4i v\u00e0&nbsp;th\u1eeba k\u1ebf&nbsp;m\u1ed9t giang s\u01a1n r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n qu\u1ed1c Kushan ph\u00eda B\u1eafc S\u00f4ng Oxus v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng Vua cha Kujula chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;\u2013 Kabul, Kashmir, Gandhara v\u00e0 Taxila. V\u2019ima l\u1ea1i&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c&nbsp;m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng&nbsp;th\u00eam \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm th\u00eam ph\u00eda B\u1eafc&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn&nbsp;<strong>Mathura<\/strong>. Nh\u00e0 Vua&nbsp;n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Kushan l\u00e0 Vua&nbsp;<strong>Kanishka I&nbsp;<\/strong>(tr\u1ecb v\u00ec n\u0103m 78-102 sau CN), \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111\u00f4 t\u1ea1i Purusapura, g\u1ea7n t\u1ec9nh&nbsp;<strong>Peshawar<\/strong>ng\u00e0y nay. Sau \u0111\u00f3, Kanishka ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;th\u1eeba k\u1ebf&nbsp;m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn m\u00e0 c\u00f2n th\u1eadm ch\u00ed&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c&nbsp;x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u00eam v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9,&nbsp;cho \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;t\u1eadn Bihar \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Sindh v\u00e0 Baluchistan \u1edf ph\u00eda T\u00e2y Nam. Sau n\u00e0y, \u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n theo&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u00f4ng&nbsp;b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3&nbsp;cho tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;<strong>Sarvastivada&nbsp;<\/strong>(Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9), m\u1ed9t trong 18 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o&nbsp;Kinh b\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>Nikayas<\/em>, v\u1ed1n \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf Mathura v\u00e0 T\u00e2y B\u1eafc&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.&nbsp;H\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0y, \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ec9nh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng v\u00e0o&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p&nbsp;trong cung \u0111i\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u v\u00ec nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec1u&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau. Cho n\u00ean, sau \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u&nbsp;Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Parsva&nbsp;<\/strong>gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Sau khi&nbsp;nghe l\u1eddi&nbsp;khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, vua Kanishka \u0111\u00e3&nbsp;quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 nghe t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c&nbsp;Kinh B\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>Nikayas<\/em>.&nbsp;M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 T\u01b0 n\u00e0y l\u00e0&nbsp;c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng&nbsp;ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t&nbsp;nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng, tranh c\u00e3i trong&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<strong>Vasumitra&nbsp;<\/strong>v\u00e0 theo ghi ch\u00e9p c\u1ee7a&nbsp;l\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;th\u00ec n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Janlandhar, t\u1ee9c Kashmir&nbsp;v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng&nbsp;n\u0103m th\u1ee9 100 sau CN. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o B\u1ed9&nbsp;Theravadins kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp&nbsp;n\u00e0y, v\u00e0&nbsp;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi v\u00e0o Bi\u00ean Ni\u00ean S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Theo nh\u00e0&nbsp;h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;Trung Hoa th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd l\u00e0&nbsp;Huy\u1ec1n Trang, sau khi&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;k\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;(b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n),&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng h\u1ed9p ch\u1ee9a b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5t v\u00e0o trong nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y v\u00ec&nbsp;m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch&nbsp;n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n&nbsp;b\u1ea3n kinh&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i&nbsp;d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng b\u1ea3ng d\u1ecbch v\u00e0&nbsp;tham chi\u1ebfu&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Trung Hoa m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>PH\u1ee4 L\u1ee4C<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>Nh\u1eefng N\u1ed9i Dung C\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(<strong><em>Tipitaka&nbsp;<\/em><\/strong><em>hay&nbsp;<strong>Ba R\u1ed7 Kinh<\/strong><\/em>)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(A)&nbsp;<u>Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;&#8211; Vinaya Pitaka<\/u>&nbsp;<\/strong>(<em>hay R\u1ed7 Lu\u1eadt)<\/em><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;do ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7t ra nh\u1eb1m&nbsp;quy \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi&nbsp;v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;(T\u0103ng) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo Ni&nbsp;(N\u1eef&nbsp;tu s\u0129, Ni):<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1)&nbsp;<strong>C\u0103n B\u1ea3n Gi\u1edbi&nbsp;hay&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u1edbi&nbsp;(Parajika)<\/strong>&nbsp;(ti\u1ebfng Anh: Major Offences) \u2500&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p&nbsp;c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2)&nbsp;<strong>Ti\u1ec3u Gi\u1edbi&nbsp;(Pacittiya)<\/strong>&nbsp;(ti\u1ebfng Anh: Minor Offences) \u2500&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;<strong>\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;(Mahavagga)<\/strong>&nbsp;(ti\u1ebfng Anh: Great Section) \u2500 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng&nbsp;quy \u0111\u1ecbnh,&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7&nbsp;v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0o&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;Sangha,&nbsp;th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi,&nbsp;y ph\u1ee5c, c\u01b0 tr\u00fa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt v\u1ec1&nbsp;l\u1ec5 nghi&nbsp;trong&nbsp;tu vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4)&nbsp;<strong>Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;(Cullavagga)<\/strong>&nbsp;(ti\u1ebfng Anh: Small Section) \u2500&nbsp;quy \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;x\u1eed ph\u1ea1t, v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea9m gi\u1edbi, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Sa-di, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t&nbsp;d\u00f9ng cho&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo Ni.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5)&nbsp;<strong>B\u1ea3ng&nbsp;To\u00e1t Y\u1ebfu&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(Parivara)<\/strong>&nbsp;(ti\u1ebfng Anh: Epitome of the Vinaya Pitaka) \u2500&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn&nbsp;gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;ban \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp theo&nbsp;sau khi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9,&nbsp;th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(B)&nbsp;<u>Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;&#8211; Sutanta Pitaka<\/u>&nbsp;<\/strong><em>(hay R\u1ed7 Kinh)<\/em><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;do ch\u00ednh&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;n\u00f3i ra trong nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p&nbsp;v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c&nbsp;nhau, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo.&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;g\u1ed3m 5&nbsp;<strong><em>tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp<\/em><\/strong>&nbsp;Kinh hay c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 5&nbsp;<strong><em>Nikayas<\/em><\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1)&nbsp;<strong>Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/strong>&nbsp;(Digha Nikaya) (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Collection of Long Discourses) \u2500 g\u1ed3m 34 b\u00e0i&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, chia l\u00e0m ba ph\u1ea7n, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n c\u00e1c&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed,&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2)&nbsp;<strong>Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/strong>&nbsp;(Majjhima Nikaya) (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Collection of Medium-Length Discourses) \u2500 g\u1ed3m 152 b\u00e0i&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng, nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;trong tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp n\u00e0y k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i th\u1eddi&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh&nbsp;Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;<strong>T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/strong>&nbsp;(Samyutta Nikaya) (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Collection of Connected Discourses) \u2500 g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia theo 5 nh\u00f3m \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4)&nbsp;<strong>T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/strong>&nbsp;(Anguttara Nikaya) (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Collection of Discourses from Gradual Sayings) \u2500 g\u1ed3m 9.557&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;ng\u1eafn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra th\u00e0nh 11 Ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;c\u00f3 1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trong Ph\u1ea7n 1,&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp theo&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;2 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trong Ph\u1ea7n 2, v\u00e0 c\u1ee9&nbsp;th\u1ebf t\u0103ng&nbsp;l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;c\u00f3 11 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i trong Ph\u1ea7n 11 l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. T\u1eeb Anguttara c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ct\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1eebng 1 c\u00e1i, 1 ph\u1ea7n, H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch l\u00e0: t\u0103ng chi).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5)&nbsp;<strong>Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh<\/strong>&nbsp;(Khuddaka Nikaya) (ti\u1ebfng Anh: Collection of Short Discourses) \u2500 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n t\u1eadp l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t, g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;ng\u1eafn, l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn 15 quy\u1ec3n, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n hay nh\u1ea5t,&nbsp;tinh t\u1ebf&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a&nbsp;to\u00e0n b\u1ed9&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1.&nbsp;Kinh&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 T\u1eadp,&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u T\u1ee5ng&nbsp;(Khuddaka Patha), (Shorter Texts)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2.&nbsp;Kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa&nbsp;(Dhammapada), (The Way of Truth)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3.&nbsp;Kinh&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt T\u1ef1&nbsp;Thuy\u1ebft (Udana), (Paeans of Joy)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4.&nbsp;Kinh Ph\u1eadt Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u01b0 V\u1eady&nbsp;(Itivuttaka), (&#8220;Thus said&#8221; Discourses)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5.&nbsp;Kinh T\u1eadp&nbsp;(Sutta Nipata), (Collected Discourses)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6.&nbsp;Chuy\u1ec7n Thi\u00ean Cung&nbsp;(Vimana Vatthu), (Stories of Celestial Mansions)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7.&nbsp;Chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;Ng\u1ea1 Qu\u1ef7&nbsp;(Peta Vatthu), (Stories of Peta)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>8.&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o T\u0103ng K\u1ec7&nbsp;(Theragatha), (Psalms of the Brethren)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>9.&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ni K\u1ec7&nbsp;(Therigatha), (Psalms of the Sisters)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>10. Chuy\u1ec7n B\u1ed5n Sanh C\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-T\u00e1t (Jataka), (Birth Stories of the Bodhisatta)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>11.&nbsp;Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch&nbsp;Ngh\u0129a (Niddesa), (Expositions)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>12.&nbsp;V\u00f4 Ng\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1o&nbsp;\/&nbsp;Ki\u1ebfn Th\u1ee9c&nbsp;Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch (Patisambhida), (Book Analytical Knowledge)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>13.&nbsp;Th\u00ed D\u1ee5&nbsp;\/&nbsp;Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi&nbsp;C\u1ee7a Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;<em>A-la-h\u00e1n<\/em>&nbsp;(Apadana), (Lives of Arahants)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>14.&nbsp;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;(Buddhavamsa), (History of the Buddha)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>15.&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1nh&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng (Cariya Pitaka), (Modes of Conduct).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>(C)&nbsp;<u>Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng &#8211; Abhidhamma Pitaka<\/u><\/strong><em>&nbsp;(hay R\u1ed7 Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o L\u00fd&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u)<\/em><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng (<em>Abhidhamma<\/em>) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u01b0 l\u00e0&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng kinh&nbsp;th\u1ee9 Ba (hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 R\u1ed7 kinh th\u1ee9 Ba) trong l\u1ea7n&nbsp;K\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 Ba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN. R\u1ed7 kinh n\u00e0y&nbsp;b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn&nbsp;v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;tri\u1ebft l\u00fd b\u1eadc cao,&nbsp;vi di\u1ec7u&nbsp;h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. G\u1ed3m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 7 quy\u1ec3n:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1)&nbsp;<strong>Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5<\/strong>&nbsp;hay Ph\u00e2n Lo\u1ea1i&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;(Dhammasangani), (Classification of Dhamma)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2)&nbsp;<strong>Ph\u00e2n T\u00e1ch<\/strong>&nbsp;(Vibhanga), (Divisions)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3)&nbsp;<strong>Gi\u1edbi Thuy\u1ebft<\/strong>&nbsp;hay&nbsp;Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;v\u1ec1 Gi\u1edbi, Dhatukatha (Discourse on Elements)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4)&nbsp;<strong>Nh\u00e2n Thuy\u1ebft<\/strong>&nbsp;hay Th\u01b0 Thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1&nbsp;Con Ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;(Puggala Pannatti), (The Book on Individuals)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5)&nbsp;<strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t<\/strong>&nbsp;(Kathavatthu), (Points of Controversy)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6)&nbsp;<strong>Song \u0110\u1ed1i<\/strong>&nbsp;(Song Lu\u1eadn) (Yamaka), (The Book of Pairs)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7)&nbsp;<strong>Nh\u1eefng M\u1ed1i&nbsp;Li\u00ean H\u1ec7&nbsp;Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean<\/strong>&nbsp;(Patthana), (The Book of Causal Relations).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u201cPh\u1ee5 \u0110\u00ednh\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>Quy \u01af\u1edbc&nbsp;Tr\u00edch D\u1eabn&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(<em><strong>Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129<\/strong><\/em><strong>&nbsp;B\u00ecnh Anson<\/strong>)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qua,&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch&nbsp;b\u00e1o Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;gi\u00e1o&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y&nbsp;c\u1ee7a t\u1ea1ng Pali l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1, \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn \u0111\u00f3.&nbsp;V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;n\u1ea7y th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb&nbsp;T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Samyutta Nikaya) v\u00e0&nbsp;T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Anguttara Nikaya).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u00ed d\u1ee5&nbsp;c\u00f3&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00edch t\u1eeb &#8220;<em>S.i.100<\/em>&#8220;, c\u00f3&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;ghi l\u00e0 &#8220;<em>S III<\/em><em>:iii.5<\/em>&#8220;, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi l\u00e0 &#8220;<em>S 3:25<\/em>&#8220;, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i ghi l\u00e0 &#8220;<em>SN III.25<\/em>&#8220;. Trong c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;ghi theo t\u00ean kinh Pali, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ghi theo b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 &#8220;<em>T\u01b0, q.1, t.223<\/em>&#8220;, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y&nbsp;r\u1ed1i ren, kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng th\u1eadt ra c\u00e1c&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn t\u1eeb c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;(Pabbatopama Sutta, Kinh D\u1ee5 H\u00f2n N\u00fai).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong b\u00e0i n\u1ea7y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft xin m\u1ea1n ph\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y&nbsp;t\u00f3m t\u1eaft&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap qu\u00fd&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng&nbsp;h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Pali.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>I.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;PTS<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u1ed9i&nbsp;Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Pali (The Pali Text Society, PTS) c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft t\u00ean kinh: c\u00e1ch x\u01b0a trong quy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;<strong><em>Pali Text Society Dictionary<\/em><\/strong>, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi trong quy\u1ec3n&nbsp;<strong><em>Critical Pali Dictionary<\/em><\/strong>. Trong h\u01a1n 100 n\u0103m qua, H\u1ed9i PTS&nbsp;l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t&nbsp;xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Pali \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng m\u1eabu t\u1ef1 La-tinh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh ng\u1eef. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Anh ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n Pali v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 trang ghi trong b\u1ea3n Pali, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc&nbsp;ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n&nbsp;c\u1ee9 theo&nbsp;c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>1.&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(Vinaya Pitaka, Vin)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f3 5 quy\u1ec3n Lu\u1eadt, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn qua t\u00ean: &#8220;<strong><em>Vin quy\u1ec3n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 trang<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>Vin III 59<\/em>&#8221; l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n trong quy\u1ec3n III c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng,&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng&nbsp;v\u1edbi trang 59 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Pali. C\u1ea7n&nbsp;ghi nh\u1eadn&nbsp;\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c, Vi\u1ec7t, v.v., \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy chi\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c Pali trong trang 59.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>2.&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(Sutta Pitaka)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Kinh t\u1ea1ng&nbsp;g\u1ed3m c\u00f3&nbsp;n\u0103m b\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>2.1&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Digha Nikaya, DN ho\u1eb7c D):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>H\u1ed9i PTS xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 3 quy\u1ec3n, g\u1ed3m 34&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>DN s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 trang<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5&nbsp;&#8220;<em>DN III 33<\/em>&#8221; l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n trong quy\u1ec3n III c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9,&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng&nbsp;v\u1edbi trang 33 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Pali. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng tr\u00edch s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n m\u00e0&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch&nbsp;s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh,&nbsp;th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>DN 12<\/em>&#8220;, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;s\u1ed1 12 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9.&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec c\u00e1c&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;trong b\u1ed9 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;d\u00e0i, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u01b0&nbsp;th\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0&nbsp;c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i&nbsp;ghi th\u00eam s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh c\u1ee7a&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>2.2&nbsp;Trung B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Majjhima Nikaya, MN ho\u1eb7c M):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 152&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh, xu\u1ea5t&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;3 quy\u1ec3n: quy\u1ec3n I g\u1ed3m 50 b\u00e0i, quy\u1ec3n II g\u1ed3m 50 b\u00e0i, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec3n III g\u1ed3m 52 b\u00e0i c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>MN s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 trang<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>MN I 350<\/em>&#8221; l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh trong quy\u1ec3n I,&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng&nbsp;v\u1edbi trang 350 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Pali. C\u00f3&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch&nbsp;s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n,&nbsp;th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>MN 52.3<\/em>&#8221;&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng&nbsp;\u0111o\u1ea1n kinh tr\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 trong&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;s\u1ed1 52.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>2.3&nbsp;T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Samyutta Nikaya, SN ho\u1eb7c S):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 7.762&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh, k\u1ebft nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i theo&nbsp;ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;trong 56 ph\u1ea9m, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;5 quy\u1ec3n.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>SN s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 trang<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>SN III 79<\/em>&#8221; l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh trong quy\u1ec3n III,&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng&nbsp;v\u1edbi trang 79 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Pali. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0&nbsp;\u0111a s\u1ed1&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;n\u1ea7y r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn&nbsp;chi ti\u1ebft&nbsp;h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 &#8220;<em>SN II.XV.I.2<\/em>&#8220;, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng&nbsp;v\u1edbi trang 2 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Pali, quy\u1ec3n II, ph\u1ea9m XV, \u0111o\u1ea1n I.&nbsp;G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch&nbsp;d\u1eabn s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, theo&nbsp;quy \u01b0\u1edbc: &#8220;<strong><em>SN s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>SN III.25<\/em>&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<em>SN 3:25<\/em>&#8220;, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kinh s\u1ed1 25 trong ph\u1ea9m III c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>2.4&nbsp;T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Anguttara Nikaya, AN ho\u1eb7c A):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 9.557&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh, k\u1ebft nh\u00f3m theo s\u1ed1&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c&nbsp;(ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1)&nbsp;li\u1ec7t k\u00ea&nbsp;trong&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;th\u00e0nh 11 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eeb ch\u01b0\u01a1ng1 (M\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p) \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11 (M\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ed9t Ph\u00e1p), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i PTS xu\u1ea5t&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;5 quy\u1ec3n.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>AN s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 trang<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>AN IV 93<\/em>&#8221; \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng&nbsp;v\u1edbi trang 93 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Pali, trong quy\u1ec3n IV. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (nipata) v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m (vagga), ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n &#8220;<em>AN VI.VI.63<\/em>&#8221; ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh&nbsp;t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng&nbsp;v\u1edbi trang 63 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n Pali, trong ph\u1ea9m VI c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch&nbsp;d\u1eabn: &#8220;s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kinh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng&#8221;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>AN VI:78<\/em>&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<em>AN 6:78<\/em>&#8220;, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n trong kinh s\u1ed1 78 c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1&nbsp;VI. C\u0169ng c\u00f3&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m, s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;trong ph\u1ea9m&#8221;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>2.5&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9&nbsp;(Khuddaka Nikaya, KN ho\u1eb7c K):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p 15 t\u1eadp kinh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u&nbsp;b\u00e0i k\u1ec7, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ghi l\u1ea1i trong th\u1eddi nguy\u00ean khai, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 sau n\u1ea7y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft xu\u1ed1ng gi\u1ea5y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(a)&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u b\u1ed9 t\u1eadp&nbsp;(Khuddakapatha, Khp ho\u1eb7c Kh):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 9&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;ng\u1eafn g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u k\u1ec7, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u01b0: &#8220;<strong><em>Khp s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;(s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7)<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>Khp IX<\/em>&#8221; l\u00e0&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;T\u1eeb Bi&nbsp;(Metta Sutta), kinh s\u1ed1 9.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(b)&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa&nbsp;(Dhammapada, Dhp ho\u1eb7c Dh):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 423 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7: &#8220;<strong><em>Dhp s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>Dhp 100<\/em>&#8221; l\u00e0 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 100 trong&nbsp;kinh Ph\u00e1p C\u00fa.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(c)&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft (Udana, Ud):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 80&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh, tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u01b0: &#8220;<strong><em>Ud s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;(s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>Ud III 4<\/em>&#8221; l\u00e0 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 4 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;s\u1ed1 3 trong kinh&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1&nbsp;thuy\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f4i khi c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn theo s\u1ed1 trang trong b\u1ea3n Pali.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(d)&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady&nbsp;(Itivuttaka, It):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 112&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;ng\u1eafn, trong 4 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u01b0: &#8220;<strong><em>It s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;, ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<strong><em>It s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: &#8220;<em>It IV 102<\/em>&#8221; l\u00e0&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;102 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 4.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(e)&nbsp;Kinh t\u1eadp&nbsp;(Suttanipata, Sn):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 71&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;k\u1ec7 trong 5 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng&nbsp;b\u00e0i k\u1ec7&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 x\u01b0a c\u1ed5 nh\u1ea5t (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV, ph\u1ea9m T\u00e1m). Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn theo&nbsp;quy \u01b0\u1edbc: &#8220;<strong><em>Sn s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;, ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<strong><em>Sn s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5: Kinh M\u1ed9t s\u1eebng t\u00ea ng\u01b0u (Sn I 3) l\u00e0&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;s\u1ed1 3, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I, c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Kinh t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(f)&nbsp;Thi\u00ean cung s\u1ef1&nbsp;(Vimanavatthu, Vv):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 85 chuy\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c cung tr\u1eddi, trong 7 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u01b0: &#8220;<strong><em>Vv s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(g)&nbsp;Ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7 s\u1ef1&nbsp;(Petavatthu, Pv):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 51&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, trong 4 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nh\u01b0: &#8220;<strong><em>Pv s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;s\u1ed1&nbsp;b\u00e0i k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(h)&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7&nbsp;(Theragatha, Th ho\u1eb7c Thag):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 207&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a 264 v\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Th s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(i)&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ni k\u1ec7&nbsp;(Therigatha, Thi ho\u1eb7c Thig)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 73&nbsp;b\u00e0i kinh&nbsp;ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c c\u00e2u k\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a 73 v\u1ecb&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ni&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Thi s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(j) B\u1ed5n sanh (Jataka, J):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p 547&nbsp;c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n&nbsp;ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. H\u1ed9i PTS xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n chung v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n&nbsp;ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;(Jataka-Atthavannana, JA) th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 6 quy\u1ec3n.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>J s\u1ed1 truy\u1ec7n<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;, ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<strong><em>J s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(k)&nbsp;Ngh\u0129a th\u00edch&nbsp;(Niddesa, Nd)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>g\u1ed3m&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i ngh\u0129a&nbsp;th\u00edch (Mahaniddesa, NiddI ho\u1eb7c Nd1) v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u&nbsp;ngh\u0129a th\u00edch&nbsp;(Culaniddesa, NiddII ho\u1eb7c Nd2) ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c&nbsp;b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>NiddI (ho\u1eb7c NiddII) s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(l)&nbsp;V\u00f4 Ng\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1o&nbsp;(Patisambhida, Patis ho\u1eb7c Ps)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Chia l\u00e0m 3 ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ee9a 10&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c&nbsp;b\u00e0i lu\u1eadn&nbsp;gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t. H\u1ed9i PTS xu\u1ea5t&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;2 quy\u1ec3n.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Patis s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(m)&nbsp;Th\u00ed D\u1ee5&nbsp;(Apadana, Ap):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c chuy\u1ec7n, th\u1ec3 k\u1ec7, v\u1ec1&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n&nbsp;c\u1ee7a 41 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c, 550 v\u1ecb&nbsp;t\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;A-la-h\u00e1n v\u00e0 40 v\u1ecb&nbsp;t\u1ef3 kheo ni&nbsp;A-la-h\u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;2 quy\u1ec3n.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Ap s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(n)&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt S\u1eed&nbsp;(Buddhavamsa, Bv):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 29 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c&nbsp;b\u00e0i k\u1ec7&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch Ca&nbsp;v\u00e0 24 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt trong&nbsp;qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Bv s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>(o)&nbsp;S\u1edf H\u00e0nh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;(Cariya Pitaka, Cp):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u00f3i v\u1ec1 35 ki\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng ch\u00f3t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t&nbsp;tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi&nbsp;th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Th\u00edch Ca, ghi l\u1ea1i 7 trong s\u1ed1 10&nbsp;\u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh&nbsp;Ba-la-m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a&nbsp;B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Cp s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n (s\u1ed1 La-m\u00e3) s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u k\u1ec7<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng (Abhidhamma Pitaka)<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 7 b\u1ed9:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.1&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5&nbsp;(Dhammasangani, Dhs):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u00f3m t\u1eaft&nbsp;c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Dhs s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;, ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<strong><em>Dhs s\u1ed1&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.2 Ph\u00e2n T\u00edch (Vibhanga, Vibh ho\u1eb7c Vbh):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>G\u1ed3m 18 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Vibh s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.3 Ch\u1ea5t Ng\u1eef (Dhatukatha, Dhatuk ho\u1eb7c Dhtk):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, x\u1ee9 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Dhatuk s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.4 Nh\u00e2n Ch\u1ebf \u0110\u1ecbnh (Puggalapannatti, Pp ho\u1eb7c Pug)<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, g\u1ed3m 10 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Pp s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<strong><em>Pp s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.5 Ng\u1eef T\u00f4ng (Kathavatthu, Kv ho\u1eb7c Kvu):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Chi ti\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c&nbsp;tranh lu\u1eadn&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m&nbsp;s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf&nbsp;c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m&nbsp;tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu&nbsp;trong&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, do Ng\u00e0i Moggaliputta Tissa (M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean Tu-\u0111\u1ebf)&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;trong&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i K\u1ebft t\u1eadp&nbsp;Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 trong&nbsp;th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i&nbsp;vua A-d\u1ee5c (Asoka). G\u1ed3m 23 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Kv s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8221; ho\u1eb7c &#8220;<strong><em>Kv s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.6 Song \u0110\u1ed1i (Yamaka, Yam):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Xu\u1ea5t&nbsp;b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh&nbsp;2 quy\u1ec3n, g\u1ed3m 10 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng,&nbsp;bao g\u1ed3m&nbsp;c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ra d\u01b0\u1edbi&nbsp;h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p&nbsp;t\u1eebng \u0111\u00f4i, theo chi\u1ec1u xu\u00f4i v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Yam s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>3.7&nbsp;V\u1ecb Tr\u00ed&nbsp;(Patthana, Patth ho\u1eb7c Pt):<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t,&nbsp;lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;chi ti\u1ebft&nbsp;v\u1ec1&nbsp;nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean&nbsp;v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p, g\u1ed3m 4&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m. M\u1ed7i&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;l\u1ea1i chia l\u00e0m 6&nbsp;ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m.&nbsp;Quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn: &#8220;<strong><em>Patth s\u1ed1 trang Pali<\/em><\/strong>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3><strong>II.&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Trong 10 n\u0103m qua,&nbsp;H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng&nbsp;Phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ea1ng kinh&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t Nam&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t&nbsp;\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;b\u1ed9 kinh&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef d\u1ecbch&nbsp;t\u1eeb t\u1ea1ng&nbsp;Pali (kinh Nikaya) v\u00e0 t\u1ea1ng H\u00e1n (kinh A-h\u00e0m).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn nay&nbsp;(1999), 27 quy\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh:&nbsp;Tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ed9&nbsp;(quy\u1ec3n 1-2), Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m (quy\u1ec3n 3-4),&nbsp;Trung b\u1ed9&nbsp;(quy\u1ec3n 5-7), Trung A-h\u00e0m (quy\u1ec3n 8-11),&nbsp;T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9&nbsp;(quy\u1ec3n 12-16), T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m (quy\u1ec3n 17-20),&nbsp;T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9&nbsp;(quy\u1ec3n 21-24), T\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m (quy\u1ec3n 25-27). Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 theo ti\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh in \u1ea5n, m\u1ed7i quy\u1ec3n kinh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u00e3 s\u1ed1: &#8220;<strong>A<\/strong>&#8221; l\u00e0 Kinh, &#8220;<strong>B<\/strong>&#8221; l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt, &#8220;<strong>C<\/strong>&#8221; l\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn, k\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3 &#8220;<strong>p<\/strong>&#8221; l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c Pali v\u00e0 &#8220;<strong>a<\/strong>&#8221; l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n g\u1ed1c H\u00e1n. S\u1ed1&nbsp;cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng&nbsp;l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 trong&nbsp;Tam t\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.&nbsp;Th\u00ed d\u1ee5:&nbsp;T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng b\u1ed9&nbsp;c\u00f3 m\u00e3 s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 &#8220;<em>Ap3<\/em>&#8220;, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Kinh (<em>A<\/em>) d\u1ecbch&nbsp;t\u1eeb t\u1ea1ng&nbsp;Pali (<em>p<\/em>), v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 th\u1ee9&nbsp;<em>3<\/em>&nbsp;trong&nbsp;Kinh T\u1ea1ng&nbsp;nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean,&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;tr\u00edch d\u1eabn&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;trong c\u00e1c&nbsp;t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, s\u00e1ch&nbsp;b\u00e1o Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;gi\u00e1o h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a&nbsp;nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, c\u00f3 khi d\u00f9ng theo c\u00e1c&nbsp;quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;c\u1ee7a h\u1ed9i PTS, c\u00f3 khi ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ec1 Vi\u1ec7t ng\u1eef, c\u00f3 khi ghi s\u1ed1 trang theo&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;b\u1ed9 m\u1edbi, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 khi ghi theo s\u1ed1 trang c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 c\u0169, v.v. Mong r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1&nbsp;n\u1ea7y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00fd&nbsp;h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3&nbsp;T\u0103ng Ni&nbsp;l\u01b0u t\u00e2m&nbsp;c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec3&nbsp;thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp&nbsp;m\u1ed9t&nbsp;quy \u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;chung v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn&nbsp;kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>\u25cf&nbsp;Tham Kh\u1ea3o:<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[1] Pali Text Society, 1997. Information on Pali Literature and Publications. Association for Buddhist Studies, U.K.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[2] John Bullitt, 1998. A note about sutta references schemes. Access to Insight web page, www.world.std\/~metta\/<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[3] Russell Webb, 1991. An analysis of the Pali Canon. Wheel No. 217\/220, Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[4] U Ko Lay, 1991. Guide to Tipitaka. Burma Pitaka Association, Myanmar.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>B\u00ecnh Anson,<br>Perth, T\u00e2y \u00dac, th\u00e1ng 04, 1999,<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh, th\u00e1ng 09-2000.<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>16.&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>S<\/strong><strong>\u00e1ch &amp;&nbsp;<\/strong><strong>T\u00e0i Li\u1ec7u&nbsp;Tham Kh\u1ea3o<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1) Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 \u2212 Origin and Expansion of Buddhism (Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;J.Kashyap.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Chuong 2 \u2212 The Fundamental Principles of Theravada<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Buddhism (Nh\u1eefng Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;Theravada),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Sayadaw U Thittila. The Path of the Buddha (Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt), do Kenneth W. Morgan&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, Nxb Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1986.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2) Indian Buddhism (Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9), (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 &amp; 10),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;A.K. Warder. Nxb Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, Delhi 2000.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3) The Life of the Buddha According to the Pali Canon (Cu\u1ed9c \u0110\u1eddi&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;Theo Nh\u01b0&nbsp;Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh&nbsp;Pali),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;TK Bhikkhu Nanamoli. Nxb Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4) The Book of Discipline,&nbsp;<em>Vinayapitaka Cullavagga&nbsp;<\/em>V, 33 (Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng:&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;V, 33), ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;I.B. Horner. Nxb Pali Text Society (PTS), Oxford, England.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5)&nbsp;<em>Vinaya&nbsp;<\/em>Texts,&nbsp;<em>Cullavagga&nbsp;<\/em>V, 33 (Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng:&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;V, 33), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;T.W. Rhys Davids &amp; Hermann Oldenberg. Nxb Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Delhi 1988.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6) Introduction: A History of Pali Literature (Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u:&nbsp;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&nbsp;V\u0103n H\u1ecdc&nbsp;Pali),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Bimala Churn Law. Nxb Indica Books, Varanasi, India, 2000.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7) \u201cThe Arya Dharma of Sakya Muni Gautama Buddha or the Ethics of Self Discipline\u201d (Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;C\u1ed3-\u0110\u00e0m&nbsp;Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni&nbsp;hay&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;T\u1ef1&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1nh),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Anagarika Dharmapala. Nxb Maha Bodhi Book Agency, 4-A, Bankim Chatterjee Street, Calcutta 700 073, India. XuatS banR 1917, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n 1989.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>8) The Import of&nbsp;<em>Sakaya Nirutti<\/em>&nbsp;(S\u1ef1&nbsp;Du Nh\u1eadp&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;Th\u00edch Ca)&nbsp;tham lu\u1eadn&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&nbsp;l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;Dr. Mauli Chand<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Prasad trong&nbsp;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;\u2018Homage to Bhikkhu Jagdish Kashyap\u2019 (Commemoration Volume)\u2019 (T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Jagdish Kashyap). Nxb Nava Nalanda Mahavihara, Bihar, India 1986.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>9) A Dictionary of the Pali Language (T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&nbsp;Pali),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Robert Caesar Childers, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1974, Nxb Buddha Sasana Council, Yangon, Myanmar.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>10) Numerical Discourses of the Buddha (Nh\u1eefng B\u00e0i&nbsp;Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;Theo S\u1ed1),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Nyanaponika Thera &amp; Bhikkhu Bodhi; The Sacred Literature Series of the International Sacred Literature Trust (Danh M\u1ee5c&nbsp;Th\u00e1nh Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u01b0 Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf), Nxb. Vistaar Publications, New Delhi, 2000.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>11) The Expositor (<em>Atthasalini<\/em>)\u2013 Buddhaghosa\u2019s Commentary on the&nbsp;<em>Dhammasangani<\/em>, (Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;B\u1ed9&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m);&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The First Book of the&nbsp;<em>Abhidhamma Pitaka&nbsp;<\/em>Volumes I, II. (B\u1ed9 Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng,T\u1eadp I, II). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch&nbsp;Pe Maung Tin, PTS, London, 1976.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>12) The First Buddhist Council (H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Teitaro Suzuki;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Monist \u2013&nbsp;Tu\u1ea7n san&nbsp;Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u&nbsp;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc&nbsp;Khoa H\u1ecdc T\u1eadp XIV, Nxb. Chicago the Open Court Publishing Company 1904. B\u1ea3n sao ch\u1ee5p v\u00e0&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n&nbsp;l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi Christopher M. Weimer, th\u00e1ng 4, 2002.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>13)&nbsp;<em>Mahavamsa &#8211;&nbsp;<\/em>Great Chronicle of Ceylon (\u0110\u1ea1i Bi\u00ean Ni\u00ean S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch Wilhelm Geiger. Nxb. Pali Text Society (PTS), London, 1912.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>14) Buddhist Monastic Discipline: The Sanskrit Pratimoksa Sutras of the Mahasamghikas and Mulasarvastivadins (Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o:&nbsp;Kinh Gi\u1edbi&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ef3 Kheo&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang b\u1ed9&nbsp;&amp; Da Du La&nbsp;Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Charles S. Prebish. Nxb. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1996.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>15) Buddhist Sects in India ( Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;t\u1ea1i&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Nalinaksha Dutt. Nxb. Motilal Banarsidass, 2<sup>nd<\/sup>&nbsp;Edition, Delhi 1978.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>16) Points of Controversy \u2013 A Translation of the Katha-Vatthu by Shwe Zan Aung and Mrs. Rhys Davids. ( Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t \u2013 B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Shwe Zan Aung and&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;Mrs. Rhys Davids). Nxb. Pali Texts Society (PTS), London, 1979.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>17) Buddhist Monks and Monasteries in India (Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Tu S\u0129&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;T\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) (trang 79),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Sukumar Dutt. Nxb. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1988.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>18) Davids. T. W. Rhys: The Sects of the Buddhists in Journal of the RoyalAsiatic Society 1891, pp. 409-422. (TS Davids. T. W. Rhys: Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean T\u1edd \u201cJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society\u201d,&nbsp;N\u0103m 1891, trang 409-422;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The History and Literature of Buddhism(L\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;V\u0103n H\u1ecdc&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o). Nxb. Bharatiya Publishing House, Varanasi, India 1975.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>19) The Origin of the Early Indian Scripts: A Review Article by Richard Salomon, University of Washington &#8211; (Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c C\u1ee7a Ng\u1eefng&nbsp;Ch\u1eef Vi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;C\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t&nbsp;Tham Lu\u1eadn&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Richard Solomon,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc&nbsp;University of Washington), T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed \u201cJournal of the American Oriental Society\u201d-&nbsp;<strong>115.2&nbsp;<\/strong>(1995), trang 271-279.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>20) The History of the Religion (<em>Sasanavamsa<\/em>) \u2013 (L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;<em>(Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/em>), b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bimala Churn Law. Nxb. Sacred Books of the Buddhists, Vol. 1033. Luzac &amp; Co. Ltd., London, 1952.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>21) The Path of Purification &#8211; Visuddhi Magga (Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o) , B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pali, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Bhikkhu Nanamoli. Nxb. Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>22) The Myanmar Contribution to the Spread of Theravada Buddhism throughout the World (S\u1ef1 \u0110\u00f3ng G\u00f3p C\u1ee7a Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n Myanmar Trong Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;Theravada),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 U Ko, Khoa&nbsp;Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u&nbsp;Thi\u1ec1n Minh S\u00e1t&nbsp;Vipassana, Faculty of Pattipatti, Yangon, 1998.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>V\u1ec1 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi D\u1ecbch<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Sinh n\u0103m 1969 t\u1ea1i Nha Trang.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0103m 1989-1991: H\u1ecdc&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc&nbsp;T\u1ed5ng H\u1ee3p Tp. HCM, khoa Anh v\u0103n, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m th\u1ee9 3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0103m 1991-1992: Ngh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc,&nbsp;bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch&nbsp;T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Anh-Vi\u1ec7t 65.000 t\u1eeb (Nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n Ch\u00ednh&nbsp;Tr\u1ecb Qu\u1ed1c&nbsp;Gia&nbsp;\u1ea5n h\u00e0nh).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0103m 1993-1994: D\u1ea1y b\u00e1n&nbsp;th\u1eddi gian&nbsp;m\u00f4n ti\u1ebfng Anh,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc&nbsp;C\u00f4ng Ngh\u1ec7 Tp.HCM.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0103m 1996-2000: L\u00e0m&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n&nbsp;b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Cty n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea1i&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t Nam&nbsp;(Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Nam&nbsp;Tri\u1ec1u Ti\u00ean, Singapore, Th\u1ee5y S\u0129 \u2026).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0103m 2003-2004: T\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Cao H\u1ecdc QTKD (MBA),&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc&nbsp;University of Washington; T\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p Mini-MBA,&nbsp;Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh&nbsp;H\u1ed9i CNTT &amp; Qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb Kinh Doanh Hoa K<em><strong>\u1ef3<\/strong><\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0103m 2001-2009: L\u00e0m Tr\u01b0\u1edfng VP\u0110D T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n ICEC Corp. (M\u1ef9) t\u1ea1i&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0103m 2005-2009: L\u00e0m kim Gi\u00e1m \u0110\u1ed1c Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7t Nam,&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Bangladesh &amp; Pakistan cho 3 T\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p&nbsp;Trung Qu\u1ed1c&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;S\u01a1n \u0110\u00f4ng&nbsp;(AM&amp;PC),&nbsp;Nam Kinh&nbsp;(Jiangsu E\/H) &amp; Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u00f4ng (Zhanhua Chem &amp; Guangdong AMP).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0103m 2009-\u0111\u1ebfn nay: B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u&nbsp;d\u1ecbch Kinh&nbsp;s\u00e1ch&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o; in &amp; \u1ea5n t\u1ed1ng&nbsp;mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed&nbsp;Kinh s\u00e1ch&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o;&nbsp;tham gia&nbsp;c\u00e1c&nbsp;ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh&nbsp;t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Quy y Tam B\u1ea3o&nbsp;t\u1ea1i&nbsp;Thi\u1ec1n Vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m&nbsp;\u0110\u00e0 L\u1ea1t,&nbsp;ph\u00e1p danh: \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Tr\u00ed Th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u25cf&nbsp;<strong>Nh\u1eefng s\u00e1ch&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3&nbsp;bi\u00ean d\u1ecbch&nbsp;&amp; vi\u1ebft<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1. \u201c<strong>Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec1u Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u00e3 D\u1ea1y<\/strong>\u201d(\u201cWhat The Buddha Taught\u201d by The Most Ven. Ph.D Wapola Rahula).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2. \u201c<strong>Gi\u00e1o Tr\u00ecnh&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc<\/strong>\u201d(To\u00e0n b\u1ed9) (\u201cBuddhism Course\u201d by Chan Khoon San).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3. \u201c<strong>H\u00e0nh H\u01b0\u01a1ng&nbsp;V\u1ec1 X\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt<\/strong>\u201d(\u201cBuddhist Pilgrimage\u201d by Chan Khoon San).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4. \u201c<strong>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;&amp;&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p<\/strong>\u201d(\u201cThe Buddha &amp; His Teaching\u201d) by The Most Ven. Narada Maha Thera).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5. \u201c<strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn&nbsp;Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p&nbsp;T\u1ea1ng<\/strong>\u201d (Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y), (\u201cGuide Through the Abhidhamma Pi\u00feaka\u201d) by Nyanatiloka Mahathera, Buddhist Publication Society, Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6. \u201c<strong>L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;\u1edf C\u00e1c N\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng &amp; Nam \u00c1<\/strong>\u201d(\u201cHistory of Theravada Buddhism in Southern &amp; Eastern Asia\u201d).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7. \u201c<strong>M\u1ed9t&nbsp;Ki\u1ebfp Ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/strong>\u201d(\u0111ang&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref1\"><strong>[1]<\/strong><\/a>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 \u2212 \u201cOrigin and Expansion of Buddhism\u201d (Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;J. Kashyap.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 2 \u2212 \u201cThe Fundamental Principles of Theravada Buddhism\u201d (Nh\u1eefng Nguy\u00ean L\u00fd C\u01a1 B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;Theravada),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Sayadaw U Thittila. The Path of the Buddha (Con \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt), do Kenneth W. Morgan&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, Nxb Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi, 1986.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref2\"><strong>[2]<\/strong><\/a>\u201cIndian Buddhism\u201d (Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9), (Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 1 &amp; 10),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;A.K. Warder. Nxb Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited, Delhi 2000.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref3\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;\u201cThe Life of the Buddha According to the Pali Canon\u201d,&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;TK Bhikkhu Nanamoli. Nxb Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref4\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;\u201cThe Book of Discipline\u201d, \u201c<em>Vinayapitaka Cullavagga<\/em>\u201dV, 33 (Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng:&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;V, 33), ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;I.B. Horner. Nxb Pali Text Society (PTS), Oxford, England.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref5\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;\u201c<em>Vinaya&nbsp;<\/em>Texts\u201d,&nbsp;<em>Cullavagga&nbsp;<\/em>V, 33 (Lu\u1eadt T\u1ea1ng:&nbsp;Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;V, 33), Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;T.W. Rhys Davids &amp; Hermann Oldenberg. Nxb Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, Delhi 1988.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref6\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;\u201cIntroduction: A History of Pali Literature\u201d (Gi\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7u:&nbsp;L\u1ecbch S\u1eed&nbsp;V\u0103n H\u1ecdc&nbsp;Pali),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Bimala Churn Law. Nxb Indica Books, Varanasi, India, 2000.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref7\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;\u201cThe Arya Dharma of Sakya Muni Gautama Buddha or the Ethics of Self Discipline\u201d (Th\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;C\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;C\u1ed3-\u0110\u00e0m&nbsp;Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni&nbsp;hay&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;T\u1ef1&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi H\u1ea1nh),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Anagarika Dharmapala. Nxb Maha Bodhi Book Agency, 4-A, Bankim Chatterjee Street, Calcutta 700 073, India. Xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n 1917, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n 1989.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref8\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;The Import of&nbsp;<em>Sakaya Nirutti<\/em>&nbsp;(S\u1ef1&nbsp;Du Nh\u1eadp&nbsp;ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef&nbsp;Th\u00edch Ca)&nbsp;tham lu\u1eadn&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1&nbsp;l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;Dr. Mauli Chand Prasad trong&nbsp;t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;\u2018Homage to Bhikkhu Jagdish Kashyap\u2019 (Commemoration Volume)\u2019 (T\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Jagdish Kashyap). Nxb Nava Nalanda Mahavihara, Bihar, India 1986.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref9\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;A Dictionary of the Pali Language (T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ng\u00f4n Ng\u1eef&nbsp;Pali),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Robert Caesar Childers, t\u00e1i b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1974, Nxb Buddha Sasana Council, Yangon, Myanmar.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref10\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;Numerical Discourses of the Buddha (Nh\u1eefng B\u00e0i&nbsp;Thuy\u1ebft Gi\u1ea3ng&nbsp;Theo S\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt&nbsp;, t\u1ee9c&nbsp;T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;Nyanaponika Thera &amp; Bhikkhu Bodhi; The Sacred Literature Series of the International Sacred Literature Trust (Danh M\u1ee5c&nbsp;Th\u00e1nh Th\u01b0 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Th\u00e1nh Th\u01b0 Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ebf), Nxb. Vistaar Publications, New Delhi, 2000.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;The Expositor (<em>Atthasalini<\/em>)\u2013 Buddhaghosa\u2019s Commentary on the&nbsp;<em>Dhammasangani<\/em>, (Ch\u00fa Gi\u1ea3i&nbsp;B\u1ed9&nbsp;Ph\u00e1p T\u1ee5&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m);&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The First Book of the&nbsp;<em>Abhidhamma Pitaka&nbsp;<\/em>Volumes I, II. (B\u1ed9 Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng,T\u1eadp I, II). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch&nbsp;Pe Maung Tin, PTS, London, 1976.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref12\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;The First Buddhist Council (H\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ed3ng&nbsp;K\u1ebft T\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n&nbsp;L\u1ea7n Th\u1ee9 Nh\u1ea5t),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Teitaro Suzuki;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Monist \u2013&nbsp;Tu\u1ea7n san&nbsp;Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u&nbsp;Tri\u1ebft H\u1ecdc&nbsp;Khoa H\u1ecdc T\u1eadp XIV, Nxb. Chicago the Open Court Publishing Company 1904. B\u1ea3n sao ch\u1ee5p v\u00e0&nbsp;bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n&nbsp;l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi Christopher M. Weimer, th\u00e1ng 4, 2002.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref13\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Mahavamsa &#8211;&nbsp;<\/em>Great Chronicle of Ceylon (\u0110\u1ea1i Bi\u00ean Ni\u00ean S\u1eed&nbsp;T\u00edch Lan). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch Wilhelm Geiger. Nxb. Pali Text Society (PTS), London, 1912.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;Buddhist Monastic Discipline: The Sanskrit Pratimoksa Sutras of the Mahasamghikas and Mulasarvastivadins (Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;T\u0103ng \u0110o\u00e0n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o:&nbsp;Kinh Gi\u1edbi&nbsp;Lu\u1eadt T\u1ef3 Kheo&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang b\u1ed9&nbsp;&amp; Da Du La&nbsp;Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu b\u1ed9),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Charles S. Prebish. Nxb. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Delhi, 1996.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref15\">[15]<\/a>&nbsp;Buddhist Sects in India ( Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;B\u1ed9 Ph\u00e1i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;t\u1ea1i&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Nalinaksha Dutt. Nxb. Motilal Banarsidass, 2<sup>nd<\/sup>&nbsp;Edition, Delhi 1978.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref16\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;Points of Controversy \u2013 A Translation of the Katha-Vatthu by Shwe Zan Aung and Mrs. Rhys Davids. ( Nh\u1eefng \u0110i\u1ec3m D\u1ecb Bi\u1ec7t \u2013 B\u1ea3n D\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a&nbsp;Shwe Zan Aung v\u00e0&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129&nbsp;Mrs. Rhys Davids). Nxb. Pali Texts Society (PTS), London, 1979.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref17\">[17]<\/a>&nbsp;Buddhist Monks and Monasteries in India (Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Tu S\u0129&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;T\u1ef1 Vi\u1ec7n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;\u1edf&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) (trang 79),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Sukumar Dutt. Nxb. Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi 1988.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref18\">[18]<\/a>&nbsp;Davids. T. W. Rhys: The Sects of the Buddhists in Journal of the RoyalAsiatic Society 1891, pp. 409-422. (TS Davids. T. W. Rhys: Nh\u1eefng&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1i&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u0103ng tr\u00ean T\u1edd \u201cJournal of the Royal Asiatic Society\u201d,&nbsp;N\u0103m 1891, trang 409-422;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The History and Literature of Buddhism (L\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;V\u0103n H\u1ecdc&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o). Nxb. Bharatiya Publishing House, Varanasi, India 1975.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref19\">[19]<\/a>&nbsp;The Origin of the Early Indian Scripts: A Review Article by Richard Salomon, University of Washington &#8211; (Ngu\u1ed3n G\u1ed1c C\u1ee7a Ng\u1eefng&nbsp;Ch\u1eef Vi\u1ebft&nbsp;\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9&nbsp;C\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ea1i: M\u1ed9t&nbsp;Tham Lu\u1eadn&nbsp;c\u1ee7a Richard Solomon,&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc&nbsp;University of Washington), T\u1ea1p Ch\u00ed \u201cJournal of the American Oriental Society\u201d-&nbsp;<strong>115.2&nbsp;<\/strong>(1995), trang 271-279.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref20\">[20]<\/a>&nbsp;The History of the Religion (<em>Sasanavamsa<\/em>) \u2013 (L\u1ecbch s\u1eed&nbsp;c\u1ee7a&nbsp;T\u00f4n Gi\u00e1o&nbsp;<em>(Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/em>), b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a Bimala Churn Law. Nxb. Sacred Books of the Buddhists, Vol. 1033. Luzac &amp; Co. Ltd., London, 1952.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref21\">[21]<\/a>&nbsp;The Path of Purification &#8211; Visuddhi Magga (Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o), B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng Pali, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch&nbsp;\u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ee9c&nbsp;T\u1ef3 kheo&nbsp;Bhikkhu Nanamoli. Nxb. Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao#_ftnref22\">[22]<\/a>&nbsp;The Myanmar Contribution to the Spread of Theravada Buddhism throughout the World (S\u1ef1 \u0110\u00f3ng G\u00f3p C\u1ee7a Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n Myanmar Trong Vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1t Tri\u1ec3n&nbsp;Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y&nbsp;Theravada),&nbsp;t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp;Gi\u00e1o S\u01b0 U Ko, Khoa&nbsp;Nghi\u00ean C\u1ee9u&nbsp;Thi\u1ec1n Minh S\u00e1t&nbsp;(Vipassana), Faculty of Pattipatti, Yangon, 1998.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e6f686c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e6f686c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad581e0\" data-id=\"ad581e0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d3df9b3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d3df9b3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"25185\" class=\"elementor elementor-25185\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5978406c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5978406c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-364371f5\" data-id=\"364371f5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-62ad3308 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"62ad3308\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eeb Online &#8211; Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc \u0110\u1ea1i c\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc 2022 . Cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch do T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc so\u1ea1n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft, s\u00e1ch s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1eeb m\u1ea1ng Internet ( Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Tinh y\u1ebfu &#8211; HT Gi\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c , N\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o &#8211; T\u1ef3 kheo H\u1ed9 T\u0103ng, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft phatgiao.org.vn&nbsp; , giacngo.vn , daophatngaynay.com &#8230;) . T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc l\u00e0 trang webs c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n&nbsp; ; kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00f9a hay t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o . N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 N\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb cu\u1ed1n Gi\u00e1o Tr\u00ecnh Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc (BUDDHISM COURSE) Chann Khon San https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a14106\/17-tam-tang-kinh-dien-cua-phat-giao GI\u00c1O TR\u00ccNH\u00a0PH\u1eacT H\u1eccC(BUDDHISM COURSE)Chan Khoon SanBi\u00ean d\u1ecbch: L\u00ea Kim KhaNh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25326,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[331],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-25787","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-i-khai-quat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25787","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25787"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25787\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25792,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/25787\/revisions\/25792"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25326"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25787"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=25787"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=25787"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=25787"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}