{"id":2691,"date":"2020-09-30T22:41:54","date_gmt":"2020-09-30T22:41:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=2691"},"modified":"2020-09-30T22:41:54","modified_gmt":"2020-09-30T22:41:54","slug":"truyen-thuyet-duc-phat-di-lac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/09\/30\/truyen-thuyet-duc-phat-di-lac\/","title":{"rendered":"TRUY\u1ec0N THUY\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT DI-L\u1eb6C"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

TRUY\u1ec0N THUY\u1ebeT \u0110\u1ee8C PH\u1eacT DI-L\u1eb6C<\/strong>Ph\u01b0\u1edbc Nguy\u00ean<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"blank\"\/<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o khai sinh v\u00e0 n\u1edf hoa kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi mi\u1ec1n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, h\u1ec5 m\u1ed7i khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c, h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0110\u1ea1i s\u0129 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00f4n th\u1edd ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n. Danh hi\u1ec7u ng\u00e0i v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 quen thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, m\u00e0 c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u0101li thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Therav\u0101da.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Danh hi\u1ec7u<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 \u201cDi-l\u1eb7c \u5f4c\u52d2\u201d, ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Maitreya(P\u0101li: Metteyya), ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0: M\u1ed7i-\u0111\u00e1t-l\u1ecb-da \u6885\u547e\u5229\u8036, d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 T\u1eeb th\u1ecb \u6148\u6c0f, x\u01b0a phi\u00ean l\u00e0 X\u01b0ng (Di?)-\u0111\u1ebf-l\u1ec7 \u7a31\u5e1d\u9e97 hay Di-l\u1eb7c \u5f4c\u52d2, th\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ea7m v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cA-d\u1eadt-\u0111a \u963f\u9038\u591a\u201d c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi A-di-\u0111\u00e1, hay A-th\u1ecb-\u0111a, Sanskrit=Pali: Ajita, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch: V\u00f4 N\u0103ng Th\u1eafng \u7121\u80fd\u52dd. Danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch ghi nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i<\/em>: C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u H\u00e1n t\u1ea1ng, \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 Trung A-h\u00e0m 13<\/em>, kinh 66. Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n<\/em>[1]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, \u0111\u01a1n h\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng:No. 44, C\u1ed5 lai th\u1ebf th\u1eddi kinh<\/em>, cho th\u1ea5y trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a (Ajita<\/em>) v\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c (Mettaya<\/em>), l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ea3 hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 T\u1ef7-kheo trong ch\u00fang Thanh v\u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca th\u1ecd k\u00ed, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e0m vua Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/em>: C\u0103n c\u1ee9 H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, kinh Ph\u00e1p hoa 6<\/em>, ph\u1ea9m T\u00f9y h\u1ec9 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c<\/em>[2]<\/a>, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi Di-l\u1eb7c l\u00e0 A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a (Ajita<\/em>). \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u1ee7 b\u1ea3n Saddharmapu\u1e47\u1e0dar\u012bkas\u016btram <\/em>b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit[3]<\/strong><\/em><\/a>, t\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c v\u00e0 A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Huy\u1ec1n k\u00edth\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1ec1 k\u1ec9 nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di-l\u1eb7c, trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m 6<\/em>\u2013 kinh Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng tu h\u00e0nh <\/em>n\u00f3i r\u00f5:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cTrong l\u00fac nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i s\u1ed1ng t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i, con g\u00e1i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i m\u1edbi g\u1ea3 ch\u1ed3ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u00edn th\u1ee9 b\u1ec7nh (\u2026) V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u1ea5y th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ra \u0111\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/em>.\u201d[5]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huy\u1ec1n k\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong kinh 26<\/em>. Cakkavatti <\/em>(Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>)[6]<\/a> thu\u1ed9c D\u012bgha-nik\u0101ya<\/em>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cKhi tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

H\u1ec7 P\u0101li c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n thi t\u1ee5ng nhan \u0111\u1ec1: An\u0101gatava\u1e43sa<\/em> (\u0110\u01b0\u01a1ng lai k\u00fd<\/em>), k\u1ec3 ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di-l\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00e0 do Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Kassapa so\u1ea1n; t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u Journal of the Pali Text Society<\/em>, 1886.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huy\u1ec1n k\u00fd t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong Trung A-h\u00e0m 13, kinh 66. Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n<\/em>. \u1ede kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u00eam chi ti\u1ebft kh\u00e1c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi nghe \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n huy\u1ec1n k\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ean Loa[7]<\/a>, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd trong h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef7-kheo t\u00ean l\u00e0 A-di-\u0111\u00e1[8]<\/a> \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt, \u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai \u00f4ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3: \u201cB\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf v\u1ecb lai, l\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i, con s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vua, hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Loa, l\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng<\/em>\u201d[9]<\/a>. \u01af\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y b\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch: \u201cNg\u01b0\u01a1i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb ngu si, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean ch\u1ebft th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, sao l\u1ea1i mong m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa<\/em>\u201d[10]<\/a>. T\u1ef7-kheo n\u00e0y b\u1ecb qu\u1edf tr\u00e1ch, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng mong c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam d\u00e0i sinh t\u1eed, ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n; l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n t\u00e1i sinh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi ki\u1ebfp n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vua ch\u00faa. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i huy\u1ec1n k\u00fd v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai hi\u1ec7u Di-l\u1eb7c, trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i Loa Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Di-l\u1eb7c c\u0169ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n trong h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang, \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1eady ch\u1eafp tay b\u1ea1ch Ph\u1eadt, ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy\u1ec1n k\u00fd \u0111\u00f3: \u201cB\u1ea1ch Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n! M\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1eddi v\u1ecb lai, l\u00fac con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecd m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m v\u1ea1n tu\u1ed5i, con s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c Nh\u01b0 Lai<\/em>\u201d[11]<\/a>. Ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u00e1n th\u00e1n: \u201cL\u00e0nh thay! L\u00e0nh thay! Di-l\u1eb7c, ng\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u1ef1c di\u1ec7u l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang<\/em>\u201d[12]<\/a>. Ngay khi \u1ea5y, \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n d\u1ea1y ng\u00e0i A-nan mang ra chi\u1ebfc y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng kim tuy\u1ebfn do b\u00e0 Ki\u1ec1u-\u0111\u00e0m-di hi\u1ebfn c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt, trao cho Di-l\u1eb7c: \u201cN\u00e0y A-nan, ng\u01b0\u01a1i h\u00e3y l\u1ea5y t\u1ea5m y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i t\u01a1 v\u00e0ng mang l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Nay Ta mu\u1ed1n cho T\u1ef7-kheo Di-l\u1eb7c<\/em>\u201d[13]<\/a>. Tuy \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n t\u00e1i sinh nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eddi n\u1eefa, nh\u01b0ng Di-l\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt khen ng\u1ee3i, v\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i: \u201cv\u00ec mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee9u h\u1ed9 th\u1ebf gian v\u00e0 mong c\u1ea7u thi\u1ec7n l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 h\u1eefu \u00edch, mong an \u1ed5n kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c <\/em>(cho th\u1ebf gian)\u201d [14]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec3m sai kh\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn chung v\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn: T\u1ef7-kheo Di-l\u1eb7c l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, sau m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, k\u1ebf ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i cung tr\u1eddi \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t (Tu\u1e63ita<\/em>)[15]<\/a>. S\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t sinh b\u1ed5 x\u1ee9 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t[16]<\/a>, hay nh\u1ea5t sinh s\u1edf h\u1ec7 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t[17]<\/a>. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ecba v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i: avaivartya-bh\u016bmi<\/em>, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 A-duy-vi\u1ec7t-tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba hay A-b\u1ec7-b\u1ea1t-tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ecba (b\u1ea5t th\u1ed1i chuy\u1ec3n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 danh hi\u1ec7u \u201cA-d\u1eadt-\u0111a <\/strong>\u963f\u9038\u591a<\/strong>\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00e0i kh\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t v\u1ec1 danh hi\u1ec7u A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a, v\u00ec nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 1, danh hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y c\u00e1c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng ghi nh\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cA-d\u1eadt-\u0111a\u201d, ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit: Ajita, P\u0101li: Ajita, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng: Mi tham pa. H\u00e1n phi\u00ean \u00e2m: A d\u1eadt \u963f\u9038, A th\u1ecb \u0111a \u963f\u55dc\u591a, A th\u1ecb \u0111a \u963f\u6043\u591a, A ch\u1ebf \u0111a \u963f\u5236\u591a, A di \u0111\u00e0 \u963f\u5937\u9640, A th\u00ec \u0111a \u963f\u6642\u591a, A di \u0111\u1ea7u \u963f\u5937\u982d, A d\u1eadt \u0111a\u963f\u9038\u591a, A th\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ea3m \u963f\u8a93\u64d4, Kha d\u1eadt \u0111a \u5475\u9038\u591a, A di \u0111a \u963f\u5937\u591a, Ai di \u0111\u00e0 \u54c0\u99d8\u5b83 v.v\u2026 D\u1ecbch l\u00e0: V\u00f4 th\u1eafng \u7121\u52dd[18]<\/a> V\u00f4 n\u0103ng th\u1eafng \u7121\u80fd\u52dd[19]<\/a>, V\u00f4 tam \u0111\u1ed9c \u7121\u4e09\u6bd2[20]<\/a>, Thi\u00ean th\u1eafng\u5929\u52dd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1eeb Ajita trong ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ea1ng P\u0101li l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean khi truy\u1ec1n sang Trung qu\u1ed1c n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phi\u00ean \u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang t\u00ean Ajita, nh\u01b0ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n Trung qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ba b\u1ed1n t\u1eeb phi\u00ean \u00e2m kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u00f9y theo nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt ch\u00ednh y\u1ebfu, kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00f9ng mang danh hi\u1ec7u Ajita xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

a. T\u00ean m\u1ed9t T\u1ef7-kheo \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trung A-h\u00e0m 13 <\/em>(kinh Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n<\/em>)[21]<\/a>, Hi\u1ec1n ngu kinh 12[22]<\/strong><\/a><\/em> ghi nh\u1eadn A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a l\u00e0 danh hi\u1ec7u m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy\u1ec1n k\u00ed s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00ean Loa[23]<\/a>. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi kinh c\u0169ng ghi r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Di-l\u1eb7c, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy\u1ec1n k\u00ed tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt Di-l\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a v\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean \u1ee7y l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 trong v\u0103n h\u1ec7 P\u0101li:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Sutta Nip\u0101ta<\/em> (kinh T\u1eadp<\/em>) c\u00f3 kinh Tissamet\u00adtey\u00adya<\/em> (\u0110\u1ebf-tu Di-l\u1eb7c<\/em>)[24]<\/a>, Tissa\u00admet\u00adteyya\u00adm\u0101\u1e47ava\u00adpucch\u0101<\/em> (c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ebf-tu Di-l\u1eb7c<\/em>)[25]<\/a> v\u00e0 Ajitam\u0101\u1e47avapucch\u0101<\/em> (c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a<\/em>)[26]<\/a> x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 v\u1eady gi\u1eefa A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a v\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–Sutta Nip\u0101ta 5.1<\/em>, c\u00f3 Vatthug\u0101th\u0101<\/em>[27]<\/a> c\u00f2n ghi r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 hai Ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a B\u0101vari:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u0101varissa vaco sutv\u0101,
<\/em>Siss\u0101 so\u1e37asa br\u0101hma\u1e47\u0101;
<\/em>Ajito tissametteyyo,
<\/em>Pu\u1e47\u1e47ako atha mettag\u016b<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cNghe l\u1eddi B\u0101vari,
m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n:
Ajita, Tissametteyya,
Punnaka, Mettagu …\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Therag\u0101th\u0101p\u0101\u1e37i <\/em>(Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o k\u1ec7<\/em>) b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 20. Ajitattherag\u0101th\u0101<\/em>, do Ajita l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3[28]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– A\u1e45guttaranik\u0101ya<\/em> (T\u0103ng chi b\u1ed9<\/em>) c\u00f3 kinh Ajita<\/em>[29]<\/a>, thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i t\u0103ng s\u0129 Ajita h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p? Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i phi ph\u00e1p?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–Apad<\/em>\u0101<\/em>na<\/em> (1. 397) k\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Ajita v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ajita d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1eddi Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n Padumuttara \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c huy\u1ec1n k\u00ed s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n Gotama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u00e1c th\u01b0 t\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea \u1edf tr\u00ean, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 P\u0101li, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1c h\u1ecda l\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh Ajita nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ajita thu\u1ed9c giai c\u1ea5p B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, sinh ra t\u1ea1i \u015ar\u0101vast\u012b (X\u00e1-v\u1ec7). Cha l\u00e0m quan th\u1eddi vua Ko\u015bal\u0101, l\u1edbn l\u00ean Ajita tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u1ea9n s\u0129 c\u1ee7a B\u0101vari s\u1ed1ng trong v\u00f9ng Assaka<\/em> v\u00e0 Mulaka<\/em>, d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Godh\u0101vari <\/em>c\u1ee7a Dakkhinajanapada<\/em> (c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a mi\u1ec1n nam). Sau n\u00e0y, Ajita h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u1ea9n s\u0129, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phi ph\u00e1p (nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt trong kinh Ajita <\/em>c\u1ee7a A\u1e45guttaranik\u0101ya<\/em>). \u0110\u1ebfn khi B\u0101vari nh\u1edd Ajita \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0a h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ea7u, Ajita \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1p, r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia, tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt Ajita n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi Tissametteyya. Ch\u00ednh kinh Thuy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n<\/em> d\u1eabn tr\u00ean, \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u00f5 t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-di-\u0111a (Ajita) v\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c (Mettaya) l\u00e0 hai \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca. \u0110o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea1i t\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa lu\u1eadn 178[30]<\/strong><\/a><\/em>, d\u1eabn v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, c\u00f3 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y kh\u00e1c nhau, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u00ed-s\u00f4 A-th\u1ecb-\u0111\u00e0 \u963f\u6c0f\u591a, c\u00f2n v\u1ecb kia th\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t T\u1eeb th\u1ecb \u6148\u6c0f.<\/a><\/strong>M\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Di L\u1eb7c, t\u1ea1i ch\u00f9a K\u014dry\u016b-ji<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

b. T\u00ean t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di-l\u1eb7c.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 t\u00ean A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a v\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 cho hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Nh\u01b0ng trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t hai v\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t. Ngay t\u1eeb th\u1eddi La-th\u1eadp, s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ch\u00fa Duy-ma-c\u1eadt kinh 1<\/em> (Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea9m<\/em>), T\u0103ng Tri\u1ec7u ghi l\u1ea1i quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a La-th\u1eadp: “Di-l\u1eb7c l\u00e0 h\u1ecd, A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a l\u00e0 t\u1ef1, l\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n \u1edf Nam Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac<\/em>“[31]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ec7 cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fa s\u1edb sau n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–Nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft kinh \u00e2m ngh\u0129a 71<\/em>, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Tu\u1ec7 L\u00e2m so\u1ea1n: “A-th\u1ecb-\u0111a, \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 V\u00f4 th\u1eafng. C\u1ef1u d\u1ecbch A-k\u1ef3-\u0111a, ho\u1eb7c A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 sai. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi nay c\u1ee7a Di-l\u1eb7c<\/em>“[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

–A-di-\u0111\u00e0 kinh s\u1edb <\/em>c\u1ee7a Khuy C\u01a1: “B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a, t\u00e2n d\u1ecbch d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o \u2018X\u01b0ng t\u00e1n t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ed9 kinh\u2019 d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 V\u00f4 N\u0103ng Th\u1eafng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c, \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 T\u1eeb th\u1ecb, do ng\u00e0i hay tu t\u1eadp l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb, hay nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1eeb th\u1ecb, tu t\u1eadp l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng, n\u00ean g\u1ecdi V\u00f4 N\u0103ng Th\u1eafng<\/em>“[33]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u00e2n d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt hoa nghi\u00eam kinh \u00e2m ngh\u0129a <\/em>1: “A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a g\u1ecdi cho \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 A-ch\u1ebf-\u0111a, \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 V\u00f4 N\u0103ng Th\u1eafng<\/em>“[34]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ean ch\u1eef c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

c) T\u00ean v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m trong m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh 49<\/em>, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u 2030, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch, \u0110\u1ea1i A-la-h\u00e1n Nan-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1eadt-\u0111a-la s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee5 k\u00fd<\/em>, 1 quy\u1ec3n[35]<\/a> trang 12c7- 14c22, c\u00f3 k\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n, t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A-la-h\u00e1n Nan-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1eadt-\u0111a-la \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc S\u01b0 t\u1eed[36]<\/a>, khi g\u1ea7n vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i cho \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u00edch-ca Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eb7n d\u00f2 v\u00e0 k\u00ed th\u00e1c m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, m\u00e0 v\u1ecb th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m danh hi\u1ec7u l\u00e0 A-th\u1ecb-\u0111a s\u1ebd \u1edf t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec9nh Linh Phong c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 1500 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n th\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i m\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee5 k\u00ed<\/em> n\u00e0y n\u00f3i t\u1edbi, c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong \u0110TK T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng<\/em>, th\u00f4ng tr\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec7 64Wa, No.231, trang 1b1-112b7, \u1e24phags-pa dkon-mchog sprin shes-bya-ba theg-pa chen-po\u1e25i mdo<\/em>; do Rin-chen \u1e25tsho v\u00e0 Chos-\u00f1id tshul-khrims d\u1ecbch[37]<\/a>; H\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0110KT 16<\/em>, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u 0658, B\u1ea3o v\u00e2n kinh 7<\/em>, L\u01b0\u01a1ng, M\u1ea1n-\u0111\u00e0-la-ti\u00ean d\u1ecbch[38]<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch \u0110\u1ea1i A-la-h\u00e1n Nan-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1eadt-\u0111a-la s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p tr\u1ee5 k\u00fd<\/em>, t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n n\u00e0y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ed9i h\u1ecda v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, thi ca ng\u1ee3i khen, m\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n nay \u1edf Trung qu\u1ed1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh trong La h\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3 t\u00e1n t\u1eadp<\/em>[39]<\/a>. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng La-h\u00e1n A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebd th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5, di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o gi\u00e0 nua, m\u00e1 h\u00f3p v\u00e0o, hai tay \u00f4m \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i, d\u00e1ng nh\u00ecn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec3u n\u00e3o, n\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Thanh \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i th\u01a1 nh\u01b0 sau (L\u00ea M\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1t d\u1ecbch):<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u1ecdc g\u00ec \u00f4m g\u1ed1i,
<\/em>L\u1ed3i l\u00f5m \u0111\u1ea7u non,
<\/em>Mi\u1ec7ng h\u00e0m v\u1eeba m\u1edf,
<\/em>D\u00e1ng l\u01b0\u1ee1i kh\u00e1 d\u00f2n,
<\/em>D\u00f9ng m\u1eaft thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p,
<\/em>M\u1edf nh\u1eafm kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng,
<\/em>Thay nhau s\u00e1ng t\u1ed1i,
<\/em>S\u00e1ng \u1ea5y sao v\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u1ede\u00a0Vi\u1ec7t Nam,\u00a0t\u00edn ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u00a0m\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0s\u00e1u v\u1ecb\u00a0A-la-h\u00e1n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. Ch\u00f9a\u00a0T\u00e2y Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng\u00a0(H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i),\u00a0hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3\u00a0t\u00f4n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0m\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0s\u00e1u v\u1ecb\u00a0A-la-h\u00e1n n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t\u00a0n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n A-d\u1eadt-\u0111a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c v\u00e0\u00a0\u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc\u00a0\u0111\u00fang theo h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu\u00a0\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0Di-l\u1eb7c, t\u1ee9c di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o\u00a0vui v\u1ebb, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eb7n, b\u1ee5ng ph\u1ec7, ng\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7n,\u00a0h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh\u00a0kh\u00e1c\u00a0ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n\u00a0v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh v\u1ebd La-h\u00e1n n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i\u00a0Trung qu\u1ed1c[40]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c d\u1ea1y Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m \u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3, ti\u1ebfng Sanskrit g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bodhicitta, Tib. byang chub sems<\/em>, n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0 anuttara-samyak-sa\u1e43bodhi-citta<\/em>: v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m \u7121\u4e0a\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3, hay \u963f\u8028\u591a\u7f85\u4e09\u85d0\u4e09\u83e9\u63d0\u5fc3 a-n\u1eadu-\u0111a-la tam- mi\u1ec7u-tam-b\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, t\u1ee9c t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cB\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n n\u00f3ng b\u1ecfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sinh t\u1ef1 th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong c\u1ea3nh t\u1ed1i t\u0103m, gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y kh\u1ed5 nh\u1ee5c, mong t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111e d\u1ecda \u00e1p b\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng c\u1ea3nh ng\u1ed9.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed ki\u00ean c\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb c\u1ed9t tr\u00f3i tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda r\u1ef1c ch\u00e1y, b\u1ecb ch\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1p d\u01b0\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e0n kh\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a tham v\u1ecdng \u0111i\u00ean cu\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ta v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 ma qu\u00e1i chung quanh ta.<\/em>\u201d[41]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Do v\u1eady, l\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ghi nh\u1edb:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cVui c\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00ec, th\u00edch th\u00fa g\u00ec, gi\u1eefa ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t?
<\/em>B\u1ecb bao ph\u1ee7 trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, sao kh\u00f4ng \u0111i t\u00ecm ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c?\u201d[42]<\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd ch\u00ed gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 k\u00ec v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i su\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00ea s\u1ea3ng trong gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 an l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t h\u1ee9a xa x\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u1edfng, th\u1ea7n tho\u1ea1i hoang \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t kh\u1edfi khi g\u1ed1c r\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a t\u00edn t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Ng\u00e0i N\u0101g\u0101rjuna trong \u0110\u1ea1i tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9<\/em> n\u00f3i: \u00abPh\u1eadt ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng t\u00edn, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed<\/em>\u00bb[43]<\/a>, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng trong lu\u1eadn n\u00e0y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 minh gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m: \u201cV\u1ecb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t s\u01a1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m, l\u1ea5y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Mong t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m<\/em>.\u201d[44]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0o l\u00fd th\u00fa v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u00e0y h\u01a1n kinh Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/em>, th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c cho Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cB\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p. B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng ph\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec nu\u00f4i l\u1edbn ph\u00e1p b\u1ea1ch t\u1ecbnh. B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, v\u00ec n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y th\u1ebf gian. B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh th\u1ee7y, v\u00ec r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1u b\u1ee3n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o,<\/em>B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 gi\u00f3 l\u1edbn, v\u00ec n\u00f3 th\u1ed5i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea3n ng\u1ea1i; B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda l\u1edbn, v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y r\u1eebng c\u1ee7i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn; B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 soi chi\u1ebfu kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf gian; B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 tr\u0103ng r\u1eb1m, v\u00ec c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1u vi\u00ean m\u00e3n; B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n s\u00e1ng, v\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00f3ng ra c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p; B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 m\u1eaft s\u00e1ng, v\u00ec th\u1ea5y h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi ch\u1ed1n an nguy; B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00ed nh\u01b0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1edbn, v\u00ec khi\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i v\u00e0o kinh th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed<\/em>,\u2026\u201d[45]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 t\u01b0 ngh\u1ecb nguy\u1ec7n l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t h\u00e0ng Ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u1ed7 xe B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i tu t\u1eadp, t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh trang thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu, s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gian, th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t s\u00e2u xa gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a, th\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u00e1p t\u00ednh si\u00eau nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 trong kinh Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/em> (d\u1eabn tr\u00ean), ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c trong ph\u1ea9m \u00abNh\u1eadp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/em>\u00bb, \u0111o\u1ea1n B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c khen ng\u1ee3i Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cV\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb tr\u00f4i n\u1ed5i trong b\u1ed1n d\u00f2ng th\u00e1c l\u0169, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m con thuy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0a ch\u00fang sinh v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ch\u00ecm ng\u1eadp trong v\u0169ng l\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a ki\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m chi\u1ebfc c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u00e1p. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb t\u1ed1i t\u0103m ngu d\u1ed1t, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1c l\u1ed1i trong sa m\u1ea1c sanh t\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m k\u1ebb ch\u1ec9 b\u00e0y l\u1ed1i \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh<\/em>\u2026\u201d[46]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau khi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t V\u0103n-th\u00f9 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t th\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea1o, Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i tr\u1ea3i qua n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ecba t\u00edch, tham v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp tr\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh tu ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i s\u0129. Trong h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00e0ng thanh ni\u00ean \u1ea5y h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebfn B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c, l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe gi\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e2m thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc trong ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y. \u01af\u1edbc nguy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i, c\u1ea3 hai kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t. V\u00ec v\u1eady, l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Di- l\u1eb7c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00e1n d\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n \u1ea5y c\u1ee7a Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u1eed. Sau khi nghe nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khen th\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1eeb B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n Thi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i hoan h\u1ef7 ph\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5n, cung k\u00ednh ch\u1eafp tay h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c, r\u1ed3i b\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i hai b\u00e0n tay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng hoa th\u01a1m \u0111ang n\u1edf r\u1ed9. \u0110\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng hoa c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u t\u00e2m nguy\u1ec7n B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kinh n\u00f3i: \u201cB\u1ea5y gi\u1edd Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i v\u1edbi B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t Di-l\u1eb7c: N\u00e0y Di-l\u1eb7c, nay ta \u0111em Ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00ednh gi\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh trong v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ki\u1ebfp ph\u00f3 ch\u00fac cho \u00f4ng. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi m\u1ea1t th\u1ebf, sau khi Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, \u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i nh\u1eefng kinh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u01a1i c\u00f5i Di\u00eam-ph\u00f9-\u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1edb \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t.<\/em>\u201d[47]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch-ca \u0111em Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p ph\u00f3 ch\u00fac cho \u0111\u1ee9c Di-l\u1eb7c \u0110\u1ea1i s\u0129?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec Di-l\u1eb7c (Maitreya) l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh maitr\u012b <\/em>(P\u0101li mett\u0101<\/em>): l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb, n\u1ed9i h\u00e0m hi\u1ec3u theo ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eed t\u1ebf, hay l\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Do y v\u00e0o ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, n\u00ean trong h\u1ebft th\u1ea3y s\u1ef1 h\u00f3a \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sinh, ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n d\u00ecu d\u1eaft h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb, khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u00e1t B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1o. H\u1ec5 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sinh sung m\u00e3n t\u00e2m t\u1eeb kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean c\u1ed7 xe B\u1ed3-t\u00e1t, th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00ec Di-l\u1eb7c l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh Ajita:<\/em> \u201cB\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i\u201d. Chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i? Chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi v\u1edbi phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi r\u1eafn \u0111\u1ed9c: tham-s\u00e2n-si, d\u1eb9p y\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec5m \u00f4 (V\u00f4 tam \u0111\u1ed9c), \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng ai h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (v\u00f4 n\u0103ng th\u1eafng) v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb g\u1ee5c ng\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ma qu\u00e2n. Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u cho ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd c\u1ee7a s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. H\u1ec5 khi n\u00e0o c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh Aijta<\/em>, th\u00ec khi \u1ea5y Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111o\u1ea1n tuy\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u1ec5 b\u00e0i, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec danh hi\u1ec7u Di-l\u1eb7c, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec theo nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m t\u00ednh si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ch\u1ec9nh c\u00fa lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di-l\u1eb7c:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f4c\u52d2\u771f\u5f4c\u52d2,
\u5206\u8eab\u5343\u767e\u5104,
\u6642\u6642\u793a\u6642\u4eba,
\u6642\u4eba\u81ea\u4e0d\u8b58.[48]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cDi-l\u1eb7c ch\u00e2n di l\u1eb7c,
<\/em>Bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u1ee9c,
<\/em>Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi,
<\/em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 ch\u1eb3ng bi\u1ebft<\/em>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di-l\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa \u1edf Thi\u00ean cung \u0110\u00e2u-su\u1ea5t xa x\u00f4i, m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb m\u1eabn song v\u1eadn v\u1edbi B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m. Cho n\u00ean, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u00e2m t\u1eeb, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh h\u1ef7 x\u1ea3, ki\u00ean l\u1eadp ch\u00ed nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u b\u1ed1n v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m: t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, x\u1ea3, th\u00ec l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di-l\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ch\u00fang sinh tr\u1ef1c di\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u v\u1edbi ma qu\u00e2n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat ph\u00f9 danh, m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u1ee3i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hay nh\u1eefng \u00e2n hu\u1ec7 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf t\u1ee5c. L\u00f2ng t\u1eeb v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a hoa h\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1eafc, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng su\u1ed1i T\u1eeb v\u1eabn \u00e2m th\u1ea7m tu\u00f4n ch\u1ea3y, l\u00e0m cho Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee7ng Di-l\u1eb7c c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 lu\u00e2n l\u01b0u b\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P.NTh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n Hoa Sen<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

[1]<\/a> T01n0026, tr. 510a01. Xem kinh v\u0103n d\u1eabn \u1edf ph\u1ea7n b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2]<\/a> T9n262, tr. 46b27.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3]<\/a> Buddhist Sanskrit Texts, 6<\/em> (Vaidya, tr. 205): atha khalu bhagav\u0101n Maitreya\u1e43…etad avoca: ya\u1e25 ka\u015bcid Ajita kulaputro.<\/em>..<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[4]<\/a> Th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, xem m\u1ee5c 3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[5]<\/a> T01n0001, tr. 041c29.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[6]<\/a> PTS. D.iii. 76: As\u012btivassasahass\u0101yukesu, bhikkhave, manussesu metteyyo n\u0101ma bhagav\u0101 loke uppajjissati<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[7]<\/a> Loa \u87ba. P\u0101li: Sa\u1e45kha (v\u1ecf s\u00f2).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[8]<\/a> A-di-\u0111a \u963f \u5937 \u591a. P\u0101li: Ajita. Trong b\u1ea3n kinh n\u00e0y, A-di-\u0111a (Ajita) v\u00e0 Di-l\u1eb7c (Mettaya) l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[9]<\/a> B\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t, Trung A-h\u00e0m 1,<\/em> TT. Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 d\u1ecbch (2013), tr. 585.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[10]<\/a>  ibid., tr. 585.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[11]<\/a> ibid., tr. 588-589.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[12]<\/a> ibid., tr. 589.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[13]<\/a> ibid., tr. 591.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[14]<\/a> ibid., tr. 592.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[15]<\/a> \u0110\u00e2u su\u1ea5t Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u515c\u7387\u5929\u738b. Htr.: \u0110\u1ed5-s\u1eed-\u0111a Thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u7779\u53f2\u591a\u5929\u738b. VCS: \u201cT\u1ea7ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong s\u00e1u t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi D\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 Tri t\u00fac. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u00e2u xa.\u201d VKN: Sa\u1e43tu\u1e63itadevaputra<\/em>. (D\u1eabn b\u1edfi Duy-ma-c\u1eadt s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft<\/em>, b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t, Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, Ch. 4, cht. 3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[16]<\/a> skt. eka-j\u0101ti-pratibaddh\u0101 bodhisattv\u0101\u1e25<\/em>, xem cht. 16, d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[17]<\/a> Nh\u1ea5t sinh s\u1edf h\u1ec7 \u4e00\u751f\u6240\u7e6b, Skt. ekaj\u0101tipratibandha<\/em>, Tib. skye ba gcig gis thogs pa<\/em>, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ecb r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n sinh n\u1eefa. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng trong b\u1ea3n P\u0101li.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[18]<\/a> La-th\u1eadp d\u1ecbch, Duy-ma-c\u1eadt 1, <\/em>T14, no. 475, p. 537b14; Ti\u1ec3u ph\u1ea9m B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 8, <\/em>T08, no. 227, p. 572a8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[19]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-nh\u00e3 576,<\/em> Huy\u1ec1n Tr\u00e1ng d\u1ecbch,T07n0220gp.0975b18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[20]<\/a> A-di-\u0111\u00e0 kinh ngh\u0129a k\u00ed 1<\/em>, Tr\u00ed Ngh\u0129 d\u1ecbch, T37, no.1755, p.306b24.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[21]<\/a> Xem Cht.1, d\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[22]<\/a> T04, no. 202, p. 429c8tt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[23]<\/a> Sa\u1e45kha, Nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng Kh\u01b0, Xem Cht.6, d\u1eabn th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[24]<\/a> Snp 4.7, Tissametteyya<\/em> (Snp 160).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[25]<\/a> Snp 5.3, Tissametteyyam\u0101\u1e47avapucch\u0101<\/em> (Snp 199).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[26]<\/a> Snp 5.2, Ajitam\u0101\u1e47avapucch\u0101 <\/em>(Snp 197).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[27]<\/a> Snp 5.1, Vatthug\u0101th\u0101<\/em> (Snp 190).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[28]<\/a> Thag 1.20. Ajitattherag\u0101th\u0101<\/em>, Thag 4.        <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[29]<\/a> PTS. A. 5. 229.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[30]<\/a> T27n1545, tr. 893c7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[31]<\/a> T38, no. 1775, p. 331b8-9: \u5f4c\u52d2\u83e9\u85a9\u3002\u4ec0\u66f0\u3002\u59d3\u4e5f\u3002\u963f\u9038\u591a\u5b57\u4e5f\u3002\u5357\u5929\u7afa\u6ce2\u7f85\u9580\u4e4b\u5b50.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[32]<\/a> T54, no. 2128, p. 768a20: \u963f\u6c0f\u591a (\u5e38\u5c12\u53cd\u6b64\u4e91\u7121\u52dd\u820a\u8a00\u963f\u8006\u591a\u6216\u4f5c\u963f\u9038\u591a\u7686\u8a1b\u4e5f\u662f\u5f4c\u52d2\u4eca\u751f\u540d).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[33]<\/a> T37, no. 1757, p. 318b13-15: \u963f\u9038\u591a\u83e9\u85a9\u8005\uff0c\u4f9d\u65b0\u8b6f\u300a\u7a31\u8b9a\u6de8\u571f\u7d93\u300b\u7ffb\u70ba\u7121\u80fd\u52dd\u6216\u8a00\u5f4c\u52d2\uff0c\u6b64\u4e91\u6148\u6c0f\uff0c\u7531\u5f7c\u591a\u4fee\u6148\u5fc3\u591a\u5165\u6148\u5b9a\u6545\u8a00\u6148\u6c0f\uff0c\u4fee\u6148\u6700\u52dd\u540d\u7121\u80fd\u52dd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[34]<\/a> A091, no. 1066, p. 354a6: \u963f\u9038\u591a (\u6b63\u4e91\u963f\u5236\u591a\u6b64\u66f0\u65e0\u80fd\u52dd\u4e5f).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[35]<\/a> T49, No. 2030: \u5927\u963f\u7f85\u6f22\u96e3\u63d0\u871c\u591a\u7f85\u6240\u8aaa\u6cd5\u4f4f\u8a18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[36]<\/a> Nay l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00edch Lan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[37]<\/a> T\u1ea1ng Peking<\/em>, \u0f60\u0f55\u0f42\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f51\u0f40\u0f7c\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f46\u0f7c\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f66\u0fa4\u0fb2\u0f72\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f5e\u0f7a\u0f66\u0f0b\u0f56\u0fb1\u0f0b\u0f56\u0f0b\u0f50\u0f7a\u0f42\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f0b\u0f46\u0f7a\u0f53\u0f0b\u0f54\u0f7c\u0f60\u0f72\u0f0b\u0f58\u0f51\u0f7c (Th\u00e1nh B\u1ea3o v\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba kinh<\/em>, \u0100rya-ratnamegha-n\u0101ma-mah\u0101y\u0101nas\u016btra<\/em>), Mdo-sna-tshogs (dsu)1-121a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[38]<\/a> T16n0658: \u5bf6\u96f2\u7d93 7, \u6881 \u66fc\u9640\u7f85\u4ed9\u8b6f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[39]<\/a> \u7f85\u6f22\u5716\u8b9a\u96c6 Rakan zusansh\u016b \/ [Tetsuj\u014d sanhen], [Japan: s.n.], Bunky\u016b 2 [1862] [Japan: s.n.], \u6587\u4e452 [1862], 3 quy\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[40]<\/a> Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean Ajita, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[41]<\/a> Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1edfi TT.Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9, Th\u1eafng Man gi\u1ea3ng lu\u1eadn <\/em>(2012), tr. 34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[42]<\/a> Dh. l46: ko nu h\u0101so kim\u0101nando, nicca\u1e43 pajjalite sati \/ andhak\u0101rena onaddh\u0101, pad\u00ecpa\u1e43 na gavesatha<\/em>. V\u0103n d\u1ecbch d\u1eabn b\u1edfi Th\u1eafng Man<\/em>, ibid., tr. 34.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[43]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i 25<\/em>, tr. 63a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[44]<\/a> \u0110\u1ea1i 25<\/em>, tr. 362c28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[45]<\/a> Cf. Ga\u1e47\u1e0da, tr. 39617ff. bodhicitta\u1e43 hi kulaputra b\u012bjabh\u016bta\u1e43 sarvabuddhadharm\u0101\u1e47\u0101m \/ k\u1e63etrabh\u016bta\u1e43 sarvajagacchukladharmaviroha\u1e47atay\u0101, dhara\u1e47ibh\u016bta\u1e43 sarvalokaprati\u015bara\u1e47atay\u0101, v\u0101ribh\u016bta\u1e43 sarvakle\u015bamalanirdh\u0101vanatay\u0101, v\u0101yubh\u016bta\u1e43 sarvalok\u0101niketatay\u0101, agnibh\u016bta\u1e43 sarvad\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6dyup\u0101d\u0101nakak\u1e63anirdahanatay\u0101, s\u016bryabh\u016bta\u1e43 sarvasattvabhavan\u0101vabh\u0101sanatay\u0101, candrabh\u016bta\u1e43 \u015bukladharmama\u1e47\u1e0dalaparip\u016bra\u1e47atay\u0101, prad\u012bpabh\u016bta\u1e43 dharm\u0101lokakara\u1e47atay\u0101, cak\u1e63urbh\u016bta\u1e43 samavi\u1e63amasa\u1e43dar\u015banatay\u0101, m\u0101rgabh\u016bta\u1e43 sarvaj\u00f1at\u0101nagaraprave\u015banatay\u0101<\/em>. Tham chi\u1ebfu, Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/em> (Ph\u1eadt), quy\u1ec3n 59, \u0110\u1ea1i 9<\/em>, tr. 775.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[46]<\/a> Ga\u1e47\u1e0da, tr. 3955: e\u1e63a hi kulaputr\u0101\u1e25 satpuru\u1e63a\u1e25 sattv\u0101n\u0101\u1e43 catur oghottara\u1e47t\u0101yai mah\u0101d\u0101na\u1e43 mah\u0101dharman\u0101va\u1e43 samud\u0101netu-k\u0101mo, d\u1e5b\u1e63\u1e6dipa\u1e45kanimagn\u0101n\u0101\u1e43 mah\u0101dharmasetu\u1e43 sth\u0101payitu- k\u0101mo, moh\u0101ndhak\u0101rapr\u0101pt\u0101n\u0101\u1e43 j\u00f1\u0101n\u0101loka\u1e43 kartuk\u0101ma\u1e25 sa\u1e43s\u0101ra k\u0101nt\u0101raprana\u1e63\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101m \u0101ryam\u0101rga\u1e43 sa\u1e43dar\u015bayituk\u0101ma\u1e25<\/em>. Cf. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, Hoa nghi\u00eam<\/em> (Th\u1eadt), \u0110\u1ea1i 10<\/em>, tr. 429a8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[47]<\/a> Duy-ma-c\u1eadt s\u1edf thuy\u1ebft<\/em>, b\u1ea3n Vi\u1ec7t, Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 d\u1ecbch, ph\u1ea9m Ch\u00fac l\u1ee5y<\/em>, tr. 293.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[48]<\/a>\u00a0X64, no. 1261, p. 408c10-11; X68, no. 1315, p. 273c2-3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a29596\/truyen-thuyet-duc-phat-di-lac<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb T\u1ef3-kheo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u1ecd k\u00fd l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Di L\u1eb7c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

L\u1ecbch s\u1eed h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Di-l\u1eb7c<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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