{"id":27047,"date":"2022-06-04T00:25:32","date_gmt":"2022-06-03T17:25:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=27047"},"modified":"2022-08-12T00:17:34","modified_gmt":"2022-08-11T17:17:34","slug":"nigantha-nataputta-nathaputta-nguoi-lanh-dao-nigantha-1-trong-6-vi-thay-di-giao-thoi-phat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/06\/04\/nigantha-nataputta-nathaputta-nguoi-lanh-dao-nigantha-1-trong-6-vi-thay-di-giao-thoi-phat\/","title":{"rendered":"Nigantha N\u0101taputta (N\u0101thaputta) &#8211; ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Niganth\u0101 ( 1 trong 6 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"27047\" class=\"elementor elementor-27047\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bcafc59 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-between elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bcafc59\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7788125\" data-id=\"7788125\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-afbe6ac elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"afbe6ac\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"header\" data-elementor-id=\"18971\" class=\"elementor elementor-18971\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f779a9 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-evenly elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8f779a9\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-edfc6c7\" data-id=\"edfc6c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-232b7b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-site-logo elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"232b7b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-site-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/images\/placeholder.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7f93d63\" data-id=\"7f93d63\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-57e19f8\" data-id=\"57e19f8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c1a099 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c1a099\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<button onclick=\"history.back()\"><<<\/button>\n<button onclick=\"history.forward()\">>><\/button>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-458e4fce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"458e4fce\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-59aa5aef\" data-id=\"59aa5aef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7cacc6be elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7cacc6be\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>th\u00f4ng tin 6 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o <em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six_Heretical_Teachers\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six_Heretical_Teachers<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>II. Th\u00f4ng tin ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/nigantha_nataputta.htm\">https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/nigantha_nataputta.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>Nigantha N\u0101taputta (N\u0101thaputta)<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>One of six eminent teachers, contemporary with the Buddha; he is described as a heretic (a\u00f1\u00f1atitthiya, E.g., S.i.66).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>He was leader of a sect known as the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/niganthaa.htm\">Niganth\u0101<\/a>, and a summary of his teachings is found in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/sa\/samannaphala_s.htm\">S\u0101ma\u00f1\u00f1aphala Sutta<\/a>&nbsp;(D.i.57; DA.i.166).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>A Nigantha is restrained with a fourfold restraint (c\u0101tuy\u0101ma samvara)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>he is restrained as regards all water,<\/li><li>restrained as regards all evil,<\/li><li>all evil has he washed away, and<\/li><li>he lives suffused with the sense of evil held at bay.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And, because of this fourfold restraint,<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>he is called a Nigantha (free from bonds),<\/li><li>gatatta (one whose heart has been in the attainment of his aim),<\/li><li>yattala (one whose heart is under command) and<\/li><li>thitatta (one whose heart is fixed).<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The meaning of this fourfold restraint is not clear; for a discussion of this c\u0101tuy\u0101ma samvara, see Barua: Pre-Buddhistic Indian Philosophy, pp. 378f. The first in evidently the well known rule of the Jains against drinking cold water, as it contains &#8220;souls&#8221; (cp. Mil.259ff). The Buddha taught a corresponding fourfold restraint, which consisted of observing the four precepts against injury, stealing, unchastity and lying (D.iii.48f.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0101taputta is also stated (*1) to have claimed omniscience&nbsp;&#8211;&nbsp; to be all-knowing, all seeing, to have all comprising (aparisesa) knowledge and vision. &#8220;Whether I walk or stand or sleep or wake,&#8221; he is mentioned as saying, &#8220;my knowledge and vision are always, and without a break, present before me.&#8221;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>(*1) E.g., M.ii.31; A.i.220; M.i.92f.;also M.ii.214ff. It is curious, in view of this statement of N\u0101taputta&#8217;s doctrine of inaction, that the main ground on which he is stated to have objected to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/s\/siha.htm\">Siha&#8217;s<\/a>&nbsp;visit to the Buddha, was that the Buddha was an ak\u012briyav\u0101d\u012b (A.iv.180).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>He taught that past deeds should be extirpated by severe austerities, fresh deeds should be avoided by inaction. By expelling through penance all past misdeeds and by not committing fresh misdeeds, the future became cleared. From the destruction of deeds results the destruction of dukkha; this leads to the destruction of vedan\u0101. Thus all dukkha is exhausted and one passes beyond (the round of existence). It is said* that N\u0101taputta did not employ the term kamma in his teaching; he used, instead, the word danda; and that, according to him, the danda of deed was far more criminal than the dandas of word and mind.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>* M.i.371. Danda probably means sins or hurtful acts.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/b\/buddhagosa.htm\">Buddhaghosa<\/a>&nbsp;says (MA.ii.595ff.) that the Jain idea was that citta (the manodanda) did not come into bodily acts or into words&nbsp;&nbsp; which were irresponsible and mechanical, like the stirring and sighing of boughs in the wind.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>He is said to have shown no hesitation in declaring the destinies of his disciples after death (S.iv.398); but&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/sa\/sakuladaayii.htm\">Sakulad\u0101yi<\/a>&nbsp;says (M.ii.31; also ibid., i.93; and ii.214f.; the Niganthas admit they did not know of the past) that when asked a question as to the past, he skipped from one matter to another and dismissed the question, evincing irritation, bad temper and resentment.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Only one discussion is recorded between N\u0101taputta and a follower of the Buddha, and that was with&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/c\/citta.htm\">Cittagahapati<\/a>&nbsp;at Macchik\u0101 Sanda (S.iv.298ff). He praises Citta at the outset of the discussion, holding him up as an example to his own flock, and agreeing with Citta that knowledge is more excellent than faith. But later, when Citta claims knowledge of the four jh\u0101nas, N\u0101taputta is represented as condemning him for a deceitful man. Citta, thereupon, asks him ten questions and, getting no answer, leaves him. The Commentary (SA.iii.99) explains that the questions Citta asked were the same as the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/ku\/kumaarapanha.htm\">Kum\u0101rapa\u00f1h\u0101<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/d\/devadaha.htm\">Devadaha Sutta<\/a>&nbsp;(M.ii.214; cp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/c\/cuula_dukkhakkhandha_s.htm\">C\u016blla Dukkhakkhandha Sutta<\/a>; M.i.91ff.; also A.v.150; D.iii.119), contains a detailed analysis and attributed to the Buddha, of the beliefs and teachings of the Niganthas. He there selects for his condemnation ten of their operative utterances, major and minor, and proves that the efforts and strivings of the Niganthas are fruitless.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0101taputta is said (DhA.iii.201) to have claimed miraculous powers, but he did not, in fact, possess them. When, for instance, the R\u0101jagaha-setthi offered his bowl of red sandal wood to anybody who could remove it from its perch, N\u0101taputta tried to obtain it by a ruse, but was unable to deceive the setthi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The books contain the names of several disciples of N\u0101taputta, among them a deva called&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/n2_ny.htm#Ninka\">Ninka<\/a>&nbsp;(S.i.66; the Buddha&#8217;s own paternal uncle,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/va\/vappa.htm\">Vappa<\/a>, was a follower of the Niganthas). N\u0101taputta is so convinced of the truth and the irrefutableness of his own doctrines, that he actually encourages his disciples to hold discussions with the Buddha. Some, like&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/d\/diighatapassii.htm\">D\u012bgha Tapass\u012b<\/a>, come away unscathed, without having carried the discussion to any conclusion; others are mentioned as being convinced by the Buddha in the end and as becoming his disciples. Such, for instance, are&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/ay\/asibandhakaputta.htm\">Asibandhakaputta<\/a>&nbsp;(S.iv.317ff) and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/am\/abhaya.htm\">Abhayar\u0101jakum\u0101ra<\/a>&nbsp;(M.i.392ff). N\u0101taputta tries, without success, to dissuade&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/s\/siha.htm\">S\u012bha<\/a>, general of the Licchavis, from visiting the Buddha (A.iv.180ff). S\u012bha goes and is converted. The next day he holds an almsgiving, on a grand scale, to the Buddha and his monks, at which flesh is served. It is said that N\u0101taputta went about Ves\u0101li, sneering at the Buddha for encouraging slaughter. The Buddha, hearing of this, relates the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/t\/telovaada_jat_246.htm\">Telov\u0101da J\u0101taka<\/a>&nbsp;(J.ii.262f.; Vin.i.233ff), to show that in the past, too, N\u0101taputta had sneered at him for a similar reason. N\u0101taputta is identified with the rich man of the J\u0101taka. In the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/b\/baveru_jat_339.htm\">B\u0101veru J\u0101taka<\/a>&nbsp;(J.iii.126f) he is identified with the crow who lost all his honour and glory when approached by the peacock, who was the Bodhisatta.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>But the greatest blow to N\u0101taputta was when Up\u0101li-gahapati (M.i.373ff) joined the Buddha. N\u0101taputta had allowed Up\u0101li to visit him in spite of the warning of D\u012bgha-Tapass\u012b as to the Buddha&#8217;s arresting personality. But N\u0101taputta thought Up\u0101li would be proof against it, and, on hearing that he had renounced his allegiance to the Niganthas, refused to believe it until he could verify the information himself. The discovery of the apostasy of Up\u0101li prostrated him with grief; he vomited hot blood and had to be carried away on a litter from&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/b\/balakalonakarama.htm\">B\u0101laka<\/a>, where he was then living, to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/pa\/pava.htm\">P\u0101v\u0101<\/a>. There, soon after, he died, and immediately great dissensions arose among his followers. When the Buddha heard of the quarrels, he remarked that it was only to be expected.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(Ibid., ii.243f.; D.iii.117, 210; it is stated that the quarrel was deliberately fostered by N\u0101taputta before his death. See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/niganthaa.htm\">Niganth\u0101<\/a>).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nigantha N\u0101taputta is the name by which the Jaina teacher, Mah\u0101v\u012bra, was known to his contemporaries. He was also called Vardham\u0101na. N\u0101ta (or N\u0101ya) was the name of his clan (SNA. (ii.423) says N\u0101ta was the name of his father), which belonged to Ves\u0101li. According to Jaina tradition, his father&#8217;s personal name was Siddhatha, and he was a Ksatriya, his mother being Tris\u0101l\u0101. (For an account of Mahivira&#8217;s life and philosophy, see Barua: op. cit.,&nbsp; pp.372ff).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"linkDestination\":\"custom\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/index.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/images\/pitsanu.gif\" alt=\"Home\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"linkDestination\":\"custom\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/nigantha_nataputta.htm#top\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/images\/uparrowb.gif\" alt=\"Oben\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image {\"linkDestination\":\"custom\"} -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/dic_idx.html\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/images\/zeilen.gif\" alt=\"Zum Index\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/images\/uparrow3.gif\" alt=\"Zurueck\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/images\/dwnarrow.gif\" alt=\"Voraus\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3>b) googe d\u1ecbch<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>Nigantha N\u0101taputta (N\u0101thaputta)<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt;&nbsp;anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o (a\u00f1\u00f1atitthiya, Eg, Si66).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00d4ng l\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/niganthaa.htm\">Niganth\u0101<\/a>&nbsp;, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n t\u00f3m t\u1eaft nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/sa\/samannaphala_s.htm\">Kinh S\u0101ma\u00f1\u00f1aphala<\/a>&nbsp;(Di57; DA.i.166).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ed9t Nigantha b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n (c\u0101tuy\u0101ma samvara)&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>anh ta b\u1ecb ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf v\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc,<\/li><li>ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa,<\/li><li>anh ta \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda s\u1ea1ch m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, v\u00e0<\/li><li>anh ta s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c x\u1ea5u xa \u0111ang r\u00ecnh r\u1eadp.<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y,<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:list -->\n<ul><li>anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Nigantha (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c),<\/li><li>gatatta (m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh),<\/li><li>yattala (ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim ch\u1ec9 huy) v\u00e0<\/li><li>thitatta (ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1i tim c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh).<\/li><\/ul>\n<!-- \/wp:list -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng;&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u0101tuy\u0101ma samvara n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y xem Barua: Tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u1eddi ti\u1ec1n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, trang 378f.&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng l\u00e0 quy t\u1eafc n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a Jains ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a &#8220;linh h\u1ed3n&#8221; (cp. Mil.259ff).&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n gi\u1eef b\u1ed1n gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00edch, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, v\u00f4 l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i (D.iii.48f.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0101taputta c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 (* 1) \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 to\u00e0n tri &#8211; l\u00e0 c\u00e1i bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1i th\u1ea5y, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 bao g\u1ed3m (aparisesa) ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn.&nbsp;&#8220;D\u00f9 t\u00f4i \u0111i hay \u0111\u1ee9ng, ng\u1ee7 hay th\u1ee9c,&#8221; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u00f4ng, &#8220;ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i lu\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft t\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i&#8221;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>(* 1) V\u00ed d\u1ee5: M.ii.31;&nbsp;Ai220;&nbsp;Mi92f .; c\u00f2n M.ii.214ff.&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f2 m\u00f2 l\u00e0, theo tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a N\u0101taputta, l\u00fd do ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/s\/siha.htm\">Siha<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ak\u012briyav\u0101d\u012b (A.iv.180).<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ng\u00e0i d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1edbi n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng.&nbsp;B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m c\u00e1c t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i m\u1edbi, t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai tr\u1edf n\u00ean r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.&nbsp;T\u1eeb s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a dukkha;&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a vedan\u0101.&nbsp;V\u00ec v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c dukkha \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua (v\u00f2ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i).&nbsp;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i * r\u1eb1ng N\u0101taputta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef kamma trong gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh;&nbsp;thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb danda;&nbsp;v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng, theo \u00f4ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai tr\u00e1i c\u00f2n t\u1ed9i \u00e1c h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng sai tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 t\u00e2m tr\u00ed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:quote -->\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>* Mi371.&nbsp;Danda c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i l\u1ed7i ho\u1eb7c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/b\/buddhagosa.htm\">Buddhaghosa<\/a>&nbsp;n\u00f3i (MA.ii.595ff.) R\u1eb1ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Jain l\u00e0 citta (manodanda) kh\u00f4ng \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ho\u1eb7c th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00f4 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 c\u1ef1a qu\u1eady v\u00e0 th\u1edf d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y trong gi\u00f3.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<!-- \/wp:quote -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00d4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ecf ra kh\u00f4ng do d\u1ef1 khi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec7 sau khi ch\u1ebft (S.iv.398);&nbsp;nh\u01b0ng&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/sa\/sakuladaayii.htm\">Sakulad\u0101yi<\/a>&nbsp;n\u00f3i (M.ii.31; c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u0111d, i.93; v\u00e0 ii.214f; ng\u01b0\u1eddi Niganthas th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9) r\u1eb1ng khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, anh ta \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. sang ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, l\u1ea3ng tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 b\u1ef1c t\u1ee9c, n\u00f3ng n\u1ea3y v\u00e0 b\u1ef1c b\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa N\u0101taputta v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/c\/citta.htm\">Cittagahapati<\/a>&nbsp;t\u1ea1i Macchik\u0101 Sanda (S.iv.298ff).&nbsp;Anh ta khen ng\u1ee3i Citta ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn, coi anh ta nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho b\u1ea7y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi Citta r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ebfn \u200b\u200bth\u1ee9c tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ee9c tin.&nbsp;Nh\u01b0ng sau \u0111\u00f3, khi Citta tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n, N\u0101taputta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111ang l\u00ean \u00e1n anh ta v\u00ec m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb gian d\u1ed1i.&nbsp;Citta, sau \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecfi anh ta m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi anh ta.&nbsp;Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i (SA.iii.99) gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 Citta h\u1ecfi c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/ku\/kumaarapanha.htm\">Kum\u0101rapa\u00f1h\u0101<\/a>&nbsp;.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/d\/devadaha.htm\">Devadaha Sutta<\/a>&nbsp;( M.ii.214&nbsp;; cp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/c\/cuula_dukkhakkhandha_s.htm\">C\u016blla Dukkhakkhandha Sutta<\/a>&nbsp;; Mi91ff; also Av150; D.iii.119), ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u1ec1 ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Niganthas.&nbsp;\u1ede \u0111\u00f3, anh ta ch\u1ecdn ra m\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Nigantha l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>N\u0101taputta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 (DhA.iii.201) \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n n\u0103ng th\u1ea7n k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u00f4ng ta kh\u00f4ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu ch\u00fang.&nbsp;Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, khi R\u0101jagaha-Sethi d\u00e2ng chi\u1ebfc b\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed7 \u0111\u00e0n h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1 r\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, N\u0101taputta \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t m\u01b0u m\u1eb9o, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi Sethi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00e1c cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ghi t\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a N\u0101taputta, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n t\u00ean l\u00e0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/n2_ny.htm#Ninka\">Ninka<\/a>&nbsp;(Si66; ch\u00fa ru\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/va\/vappa.htm\">Vappa<\/a>&nbsp;, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee7a Niganthas).&nbsp;N\u0101taputta qu\u00e1 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i \u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.&nbsp;M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u01b0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/d\/diighatapassii.htm\">D\u012bgha Tapass\u012b<\/a>&nbsp;, ra \u0111i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh an v\u00f4 s\u1ef1, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn n\u00e0o;&nbsp;nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i.&nbsp;Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/ay\/asibandhakaputta.htm\">Asibandhakaputta<\/a>&nbsp;(S.iv.317ff) v\u00e0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/am\/abhaya.htm\">Abhayar\u0101jakum\u0101ra<\/a>&nbsp;(Mi392ff).&nbsp;N\u0101taputta c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/s\/siha.htm\">m\u1ea5t l\u00f2ng S\u012bha<\/a>, t\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a Licchavis, t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (A.iv.180ff).&nbsp;S\u012bha \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i.&nbsp;Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, anh ta t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn, cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tu s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c th\u1ecbt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5.&nbsp;Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng N\u0101taputta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn Ves\u0101li, ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ebft m\u1ed5.&nbsp;Khi nghe \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/t\/telovaada_jat_246.htm\">Telov\u0101da J\u0101taka<\/a>&nbsp;(J.ii.262f; Vin.i.233ff), \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, N\u0101taputta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf nh\u1ea1o Ng\u00e0i v\u00ec m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1.&nbsp;N\u0101taputta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng gi\u00e0u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a J\u0101taka.&nbsp;Trong&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/b\/baveru_jat_339.htm\">B\u0101veru J\u0101taka<\/a>&nbsp;(J.iii.126f), \u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi con qu\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 danh d\u1ef1 v\u00e0 vinh quang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh khi b\u1ecb con c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u01b0ng c\u00fa \u0111\u00e1nh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi N\u0101taputta l\u00e0 khi Up\u0101li-gahapati (Mi373ff) gia nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.&nbsp;N\u0101taputta \u0111\u00e3 cho ph\u00e9p Up\u0101li \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m \u00f4ng ta b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a D\u012bgha-Tapass\u012b v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft gi\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.&nbsp;Nh\u01b0ng N\u0101taputta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Up\u0101li s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 khi nghe tin \u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u00f2ng trung th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi Nigantha, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i tin \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh x\u00e1c minh th\u00f4ng tin.&nbsp;Vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra s\u1ef1 b\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a Up\u0101li khi\u1ebfn \u00f4ng \u0111au bu\u1ed3n;&nbsp;anh ta n\u00f4n ra m\u00e1u n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang \u0111i m\u1ed9t l\u1ee9a t\u1eeb&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/b\/balakalonakarama.htm\">B\u0101laka<\/a>&nbsp;, n\u01a1i anh ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/pa\/pava.htm\">P\u0101v\u0101<\/a>&nbsp;.&nbsp;\u1ede \u0111\u00f3, ngay sau \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi, v\u00e0 ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u00f4ng.&nbsp;Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nghe v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e3i v\u00e3, Ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>(Ibid., Ii.243f; D.iii.117, 210; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e3i v\u00e3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c N\u0101taputta c\u1ed1 t\u00ecnh g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eddi. Xem&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/niganthaa.htm\">Niganth\u0101<\/a>&nbsp;).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nigantha N\u0101taputta l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y Jaina, Mah\u0101v\u012bra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.&nbsp;\u00d4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Vardham\u0101na.&nbsp;N\u0101ta (hay N\u0101ya) l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a gia t\u1ed9c \u00f4ng (SNA. (Ii.423) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng N\u0101ta l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng), thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Ves\u0101li.&nbsp;Theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Jaina, t\u00ean ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a cha \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Siddhatha, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ksatriya, m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng l\u00e0 Tris\u0101l\u0101.&nbsp;(\u0110\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft th\u00eam v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 tri\u1ebft l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Mahivira, xem Barua: op. Cit., Pp.372ff).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a3b0939 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a3b0939\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-adbfc03\" data-id=\"adbfc03\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc8c2de elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fc8c2de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"19045\" class=\"elementor elementor-19045\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f8b8b8e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f8b8b8e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-509c7c7\" data-id=\"509c7c7\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-611697d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"611697d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>S\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u1eeb Online &#8211; Th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc 2022 : m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch d\u1ea1ng webs , s\u01b0u t\u1ea7m c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt , c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp. Ngo\u00e0i ra s\u00e1ch c\u00f2n tra c\u1ee9u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f9ng th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home th\u00f4ng tin 6 v\u1ecb th\u1ea7y d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Six_Heretical_Teachers II. Th\u00f4ng tin ti\u1ebfng Anh https:\/\/www.palikanon.com\/english\/pali_names\/n\/nigantha_nataputta.htm Nigantha N\u0101taputta (N\u0101thaputta) One of six eminent teachers, contemporary with the Buddha; he\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":27048,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[366,258],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-27047","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ba-la-mon-ngoai-dao-de-tu-phat","category-phi-nhan"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27047","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=27047"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27047\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34679,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/27047\/revisions\/34679"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/27048"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=27047"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=27047"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=27047"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=27047"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}