{"id":3193,"date":"2020-10-03T23:09:06","date_gmt":"2020-10-03T23:09:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=3193"},"modified":"2020-10-03T23:09:06","modified_gmt":"2020-10-03T23:09:06","slug":"kinh-tang-bac-truyen-bo-a-ham-pdf-va-nguon-goc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/10\/03\/kinh-tang-bac-truyen-bo-a-ham-pdf-va-nguon-goc\/","title":{"rendered":"Kinh T\u1ea1ng B\u1eafc Truy\u1ec1n B\u1ed9 A H\u00e0m PDF v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Ngu\u1ed3n : https:\/\/thuvienhoasen.org\/a31164\/kinh-tang-bac-truyen-bo-a-ham-pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

KH\u00c1I QU\u00c1T V\u1ec0 NGU\u1ed2N G\u1ed0C KINH A H\u00c0M<\/strong>
Th\u00edch Nguy\u00ean Hi\u1ec1n bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n


T\u1eeb ng\u1eef A-h\u00e0m (\u00c0gama) n\u00f3i theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba, ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n do s\u01b0u t\u1eadp c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft \u1ea5y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. Do v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i Kinh A-h\u00e0m t\u1ee9c ch\u1ec9 cho 4 b\u1ed9 ho\u1eb7c 5 b\u1ed9 Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y.

Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u00f2n nh\u1ea5t v\u1ecb, gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n c\u00f2n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t, ch\u01b0a ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i, t\u1ee9c trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n, ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cho \u0111\u1ebfn 100 n\u0103m (ho\u1eb7c 200 n\u0103m) sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n trong th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y bao h\u00e0m h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u00e0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba sau n\u00e0y.

Cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XIX, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u00e0li, l\u1ea5y Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ch\u1eb3ng nh\u1eefng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n P\u00e0li m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi Kinh A-h\u00e0m, t\u1ee9c Kinh Ph\u1eadt H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch x\u01b0a nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quen g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “Kinh Ti\u1ec3u Th\u1eeba”. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi Kinh A-h\u00e0m b\u1ecb ph\u00e1n th\u00edch l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 Tam T\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t trong “Ng\u0169 th\u1eddi B\u00e1t gi\u00e1o” c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Tr\u00ed Kh\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eddi T\u00f9y cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay th\u00ec gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb Kinh A-h\u00e0m b\u1ecb c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o x\u01b0a nay coi th\u01b0\u1eddng.

V\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi v\u00e0 th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, trong gi\u1edbi h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 Thomas William Rhys Davids (1843 – 1922) g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Early Buddhism. Sau \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Kimura Taiken ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb ng\u1eef “Early Buddhism” l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y (trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m NGUY\u00caN TH\u1ee6Y PH\u1eacT GI\u00c1O T\u01af T\u01af\u1edeNG LU\u1eacN, xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1924). Ti\u1ebfng Anh c\u1ee7a “Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y” \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 “Primitive Buddhism”, nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec t\u1eeb Primitive ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c \u00fd ngh\u0129a : \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a : Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, Th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai h\u00f3a… Do \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb xem l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef c\u00f3 h\u00e0m \u00fd th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh d\u00f9ng, m\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef “Early Buddhism”.

M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u00f4ng T\u1ef7 K\u1ef3 Ch\u00e1nh Tr\u1ecb th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu Early Buddhism ch\u1ec9 cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (t\u1ee9c th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i) th\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 “Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o C\u0103n b\u1ea3n” (Basic Buddhism). C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn… c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m tr\u00ean.

N\u00f3i theo c\u00e1c v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n th\u00ec th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o C\u0103n b\u1ea3n, 4 b\u1ed9 (ho\u1eb7c 5 b\u1ed9) A – h\u00e0m ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp, cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, do s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t c\u00e1c v\u0103n hi\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o C\u0103n b\u1ea3n, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm t\u00f2i trong c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o m\u1edf ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o C\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c t\u1ea1ng kinh b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li, ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o C\u0103n b\u1ea3n. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y do thi\u1ebfu kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xem \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n n\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li, khi\u1ebfn cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch, nh\u01b0ng nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef h\u1ecdc, Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed tr\u00ean tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n, n\u00ean r\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem tr\u1ecdng.

B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn C\u0103n b\u1ea3n hay Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi. T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “Nghi\u1ec7p” v\u00e0 “Gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t” y c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u00c1O NGH\u0128A TH\u01af c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng “Ch\u00fang sinh b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng” c\u1ee7a K\u1ef3-na gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u l\u1ea5y lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, g\u1ed3m 4 ph\u1ea7n :
1- Ba ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n ( ho\u1eb7c 4 ph\u00e1p \u1ea5n).
2- M\u01b0\u1eddi hai nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean.
3- B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ebf.
4- T\u00e1m ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o.

\u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, tuy c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, nh\u01b0ng tuy\u1ec7t nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi, c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3, n\u00ean Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.

T\u1eeb nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n tr\u00ean, ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Kinh A-h\u00e0m. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ra \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh l\u1ea7m l\u1ea1c, ch\u1eafp v\u00e1 v\u00e0 thi\u00ean ki\u1ebfn.

T\u1eeb A-h\u00e0m (\u00c0gama) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 : Lai tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u00fa quy, Tri th\u1ee9c, Th\u00e1nh ng\u00f4n, Th\u00e1nh hu\u1ea5n t\u1eadp, Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u00c0gama c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u : Ph\u00e1p quy, Ph\u00e1p b\u1ea3n, Ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1ng, Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, Gi\u00e1o ph\u1ea7n, Ch\u1ee7ng ch\u1ee7ng thuy\u1ebft, V\u00f4 t\u1ef7 ph\u00e1p, Truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o, T\u1ecbnh gi\u00e1o, Th\u00fa v\u00f4, Gi\u00e1o, Truy\u1ec1n, Lai, T\u1ea1ng v.v…

THI\u1ec6N KI\u1ebeN LU\u1eacT T\u1ef2-B\u00c0-SA 2 th\u00ec cho A-h\u00e0m ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 dung ch\u1ee9a, t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp. Nh\u01b0ng ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 cho t\u1eeb “Nik\u00e0ya” trong ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ed9i, to\u1ea3n t\u1eadp) ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb \u00c0gama.

PH\u00c1P HOA LU\u1eacN S\u1eda c\u00f3 n\u00eau l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1o An \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n r\u1eb1ng A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 “Th\u00fa v\u00f4”, v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p “Kh\u00f4ng” c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh. C\u00f2n ng\u00e0i T\u0103ng Tri\u1ec7u th\u00ec gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p quy (1). Th\u1ef1c ra, nh\u1eefng l\u1ed1i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh \u00fd c\u1ee7a A-h\u00e0m.

A-h\u00e0m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh sau khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u1ea1ng (Ph\u1ea1n : S\u00f9tr\u00e0nta – pitaka) trong 3 t\u1ea1ng, chia l\u00e0m T\u1ee9 A-h\u00e0m hay Ng\u0169 A-h\u00e0m.

T\u1ee9 A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 Trung A-h\u00e0m, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t

A-h\u00e0m v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m (ho\u1eb7c T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng). \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c kinh sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn : Kinh B\u00e1t-n\u00ea-ho\u00e0n quy\u1ec3n h\u1ea1, H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da T\u1ea1p S\u1ef1 39, Lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ed9, Lu\u1eadn Du-gi\u00e0-s\u01b0-\u0111\u1ecba 85, kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n 13 (b\u1ea3n B\u1eafc), Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba T\u1ea1ng Th\u1eadp Lu\u00e2n 2 v.v…

Ng\u0169 A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m, Trung A-h\u00e0m, T\u0103ng-thu\u1eadt-\u0111a (T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng), \u01af\u01a1ng-qu\u1eadt-\u0111a-la (T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t) v\u00e0 Khu\u1ea5t-\u0111\u00e0-ca (T\u1ea1p lo\u1ea1i). T\u1eeb ng\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn Lu\u1eadt T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa 1, \u0110\u1ea1i A-la-h\u00e1n Nan-\u0111\u1ec1-m\u1eadt-\u0111a-la S\u1edf Ph\u00e1p Tr\u1ee5 K\u00fd v.v…

Lu\u1eadt Ng\u0169 Ph\u1ea7n 30, Lu\u1eadt Ma-ha T\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 32, Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea7n 5, Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c 1 v.v… g\u1ecdi Khu\u1ea5t-\u0111a-ca A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 T\u1ea1p T\u1ea1ng trong 5 b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m. N\u0103m b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 5 b\u1ed9 kinh (P\u00e3nca – Nik\u00e0ya) trong kinh Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li.

Theo T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m (Vinaya – c\u00f9lavagga), Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn (Samanta \u2013 p\u00e0s\u00e0dika 1) v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh Ch\u00fa (Sumangala – vll\u00e0sin\u0129), 5 b\u1ed9 kinh l\u00e0 : Digha – Nik\u00e0ya, Majjhima – Nik\u00e0ya, Samyutta – Nik\u00e0ya, Anguttara – Nik\u00e0ya v\u00e0 Khuddaca – Nik\u00e0ya, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 5 b\u1ed9 : Tr\u01b0\u1eddng, Trung, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng, T\u0103ng Chi v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh hi\u1ec7n nay.

V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 A-h\u00e0m, theo b\u00e0i t\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh Ch\u00fa, sau khi k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng A-nan, Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng X\u00e1-l\u1ee3i-ph\u1ea5t, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i Ca-di\u1ebfp, T\u0103ng-chi B\u1ed9 Kinh do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng A-na-lu\u1eadt x\u1ebfp lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nhau.

Theo PH\u00c1P HOA HUY\u1ec0N T\u00c1N 1, \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u00c1P UY\u1ec2N NGH\u0128A L\u00c2M CH\u01af\u01a0NG 4, HOA NGHI\u00caM KINH S\u1eda SAO HUY\u1ec0N \u0110\u00c0M 8 v.v…, c\u1ea3 4 b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt Ma-ha T\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ec1u do \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n. C\u00f2n theo C\u00c2U-X\u00c1 LU\u1eacN K\u00ca C\u1ed4 quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec Trung A-h\u00e0m v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m do T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m do \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m do H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n, Bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 do \u1ea8m Quang B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n. T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 do m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i t\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang, nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n A-h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng LU\u1eacN \u0110\u1ea0I TR\u00cd \u0110\u1ed8 th\u00ec cho t\u1eeb A-h\u00e0m c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 chung cho \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, n\u00ean Kinh B\u00e1t-n\u00ea-ho\u00e0n 6 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb ng\u1eef “Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1eb3ng A-h\u00e0m”. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u1eb3ng A-h\u00e0m n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 cho kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba.

NGUY\u00caN DO V\u00c0 S\u1ef0 TH\u00c0NH L\u1eacP KINH A – H\u00c0M<\/strong>

Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u00edn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 nghe th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng th\u1ec3 th\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n xu\u00f4i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n mi\u1ec7ng l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp thu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, khi gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, gi\u00e1o thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n b\u1ecb, l\u1ea7n l\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c v\u0103n h\u1ecdc ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean do t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 Kinh A-h\u00e0m.

Kinh A-h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0o, ph\u1ea3i c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 lu\u1eadn b\u00e0n.

Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t

Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a h\u1ea1, 500 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p trong hang Th\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7p ngo\u00e0i th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1. \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u1eed T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 Ca-di\u1ebfp l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7, c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t. T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A-nan t\u1ee5ng Ph\u00e1p (Kinh), T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 \u01afu-ba-ly t\u1ee5ng Lu\u1eadt. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a Kinh A-h\u00e0m b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb l\u00fac n\u00e0y.

Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai

Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng 100 n\u0103m, 700 T\u1ef3-kheo t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3-x\u00e1-ly. \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang c\u1eed ng\u00e0i Da-x\u00e1 l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7, c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai. L\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu t\u1ee5ng Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng.

Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba

Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng 236 n\u0103m, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 th\u1eddi Vua A-d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Hoa Th\u1ecb, c\u1eed ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c-ki\u1ec1n-li\u00ean-t\u1eed-\u0111\u1ebf-tu l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y Tam T\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh.

Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0

Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t 400 n\u0103m, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a Vua Ca-n\u1ecb-s\u1eafc-ca, \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc Ca-th\u1ea5p-di-la, c\u1eed Hi\u1ebfp T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7, c\u1eed h\u00e0nh ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. L\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn th\u00edch Tam T\u1ea1ng.

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, Kinh A-h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai v\u1ec1 sau, t\u1ee9c v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 III tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Kinh A-h\u00e0m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp.

H\u00ccNH TH\u1ee8C V\u0102N H\u1eccC C\u1ee6A KINH A-H\u00c0M<\/strong>

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1n gi\u00e1o v\u1ec1 sau \u0111\u00e3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a v\u0103n kinh m\u00e0 chia Kinh A-h\u00e0m th\u00e0nh hai th\u1ee9 : Ch\u00edn th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 M\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i :

a. Ch\u00edn th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i (C\u1eedu b\u1ed9 kinh)

1- Kinh
2- Tr\u00f9ng t\u1ee5ng
3- K\u00fd thuy\u1ebft
4- K\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng
5- C\u1ea3m \u1ee9ng k\u1ec7
6- Nh\u01b0 th\u1ecb ng\u1eef (B\u1ea3n s\u1ef1)
7- B\u1ea3n sanh
8- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea3ng
9- V\u1ecb t\u1eb1ng h\u1eefu ph\u00e1p.

b. M\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i (Th\u1eadp nh\u1ecb b\u1ed9 kinh)

M\u01b0\u1eddi hai l\u00e0 g\u1ed3m ch\u00edn lo\u1ea1i k\u1ec3 tr\u00ean, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean, Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecb. Ch\u00edn th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp s\u1edbm h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 lo\u1ea1i v\u0103n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec l\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u1eddi hai th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn.

S\u1ef0 TRUY\u1ec0N TH\u1eeaA C\u1ee6A KINH A-H\u00c0M<\/strong>

Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t kho\u1ea3ng 100 n\u0103m, gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y chia th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9. Sau \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh 20 b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba, m\u1ed7i b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Kinh T\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Theo nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n th\u00ec l\u00fac \u1ea5y \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9 (\u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam), H\u1eefu B\u1ed9, H\u00f3a \u0110\u1ecba B\u1ed9, Ph\u00e1p T\u1ea1ng B\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9, \u1ea8m Quang B\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Kinh L\u01b0\u1ee3ng B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9 \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 b\u1ed9 : Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9, Trung B\u1ed9, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9, T\u0103ng-chi B\u1ed9, Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 (t\u1ee9c Khu\u1ea5t-\u0111\u00e0-ca A-h\u00e0m) ch\u00e9p b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n P\u00e0li. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 5 b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m Nam truy\u1ec1n.

V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n, do gom g\u00f3p c\u00e1c kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c ri\u00eang l\u1ebb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i m\u00e0 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m : Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m, Trung A-h\u00e0m, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m v\u00e0 T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m. B\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi b\u1eb1ng Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n. Trong \u0111\u00f3 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9, Trung B\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a Nam truy\u1ec1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n; c\u00f2n T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m, T\u0103ng-chi B\u1ed9 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m.

N\u0103m b\u1ed9 Nam truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n P\u00e0li, g\u1ea7n v\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u1edf th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1eddng cho r\u1eb1ng Nam truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e0u s\u1eafc th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y h\u01a1n B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n.

KH\u1ea2O S\u00c1T T\u1eeaNG B\u1ed8 KINH<\/strong>

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn v\u1ec1 danh ngh\u0129a, n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 kinh, thi\u1ebft t\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea3i kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t t\u1eebng b\u1ed9 kinh th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ebd ra ph\u1ea3i li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u1eebng ph\u1ea9m kinh \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu d\u1ecbch gi\u1ea3, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng b\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea1m vi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung chung, n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i t\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c 4 b\u1ed9 hay 5 b\u1ed9 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.

\u0110\u1ec3 ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, ta n\u00ean tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chung c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 Nam truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n h\u1ea7u gi\u00fap ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 h\u01a1n. Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch, c\u00f3 l\u00fac b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n ho\u1eb7c P\u00e0li \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi gian kh\u00e1c nhau, th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch (t\u00e2n, c\u1ef1u) c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau, n\u00ean c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kinh Bi\u1ec7t sanh (Bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch), tr\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch, th\u1ea5t d\u1ecbch… kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f4i l\u00fac ngh\u0129a l\u00fd hay v\u0103n c\u00fa c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi. Trong ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta d\u00f9ng t\u00ean kinh B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n l\u00e0m g\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, b\u1edfi l\u1ebd t\u00ean kinh B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta h\u01a1n, v\u00ec Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c, v\u1ed1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef H\u00e1n v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n.

1. Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A – h\u00e0m<\/strong>

Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 D\u00ecgh\u00e0gama, ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li l\u00e0 Digha – nik\u00e0ya, g\u1ed3m 22 quy\u1ec3n, do Ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt-\u0111\u00e0 Da-x\u00e1 v\u00e0 Tr\u00fac Ph\u1eadt Ni\u1ec7m c\u00f9ng d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o n\u0103m Ho\u1eb1ng Th\u1ec9 th\u1ee9 15 \u0111\u1eddi Dao T\u1ea7n (413), hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh T\u00e2n Tu \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh t\u1eadp 1. S\u1edf d\u0129 n\u00f3i “Tr\u01b0\u1eddng” l\u00e0 v\u00ec do so\u1ea1n t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n d\u00e0i nh\u1ea5t trong A-h\u00e0m m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh. Theo T\u1ee8 PH\u1ea6N LU\u1eacT 54, NG\u0168 PH\u1ea6N LU\u1eacT 30, LU\u1eacN DU-GI\u00c0-S\u01af-\u0110\u1ecaA 85, nguy\u00ean do c\u00f3 ch\u1eef “Tr\u01b0\u1eddng” l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1ed5ng t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng kinh l\u1edbn (d\u00e0i). T\u00c1T-B\u00c0-\u0110A T\u1ef2-NI T\u1ef2-B\u00c0-SA 1 th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 ph\u00e1 d\u1eb9p c\u00e1c t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. LU\u1eacN PH\u00c2N BI\u1ec6T C\u00d4NG \u0110\u1ee8C th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng “Tr\u01b0\u1eddng” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2u xa, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ebfp v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng d\u1ee9t. N\u00f3i chung v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecbnh danh, c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn n\u00f3i kh\u00e1c nhau, xong \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn v\u1eady.

To\u00e0n kinh chia l\u00e0m 4 ph\u1ea7n, g\u1ed3m 30 kinh. Trong \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt; ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 c\u01b0\u01a1ng y\u1ebfu gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft; ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lu\u1eadn n\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 d\u1ecb thuy\u1ebft; ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ghi ch\u00e9p v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edbng tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1edfi nguy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (V\u0169 tr\u1ee5).

Kinh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 (P\u00e0li : Digha-Nik\u00e0ya) trong 5 b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 Nam truy\u1ec1n. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 3 ph\u1ea9m, 34 kinh, t\u1ee9c Gi\u1edbi U\u1ea9n Ph\u1ea9m (g\u1ed3m 13 kinh), \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m (10 kinh) v\u00e0 P\u00e0li ph\u1ea9m (11 kinh). Nh\u01b0ng Th\u1ebf K\u00fd Kinh trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9. Theo M\u1ee4C L\u1ee4C TAM T\u1ea0NG (Anh v\u0103n) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 Nanj\u00f2 Fumio, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu 34 kinh b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li v\u1edbi 30 kinh b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kinh th\u1ee9 6 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 kinh th\u1ee9 10 b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c kinh kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed v\u1edbi nhau. Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n th\u00ec \u00f4n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n, t\u1ee9c cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ee3 nhau.

\u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 Kinh Th\u1ea5t Ph\u1eadt trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m (Trung Qu\u1ed1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Bi\u1ec7t Sanh Kinh) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch ri\u00eang ra \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u (21 lo\u1ea1i). C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng b\u1ea3n ch\u00e9p tay P\u00e0li, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh, phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0 Dialogues of Buddha, 1909 – 1921, do h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh l\u00e0 Rhys Davids v\u00e0 phu nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 J.E. Carpenter phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch; Dic Reden des Gotamo Buddhos, 1907 – 1918, do K..E. Newmann d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c; Das Buch der langen Texte des Buddhist Kanon Leipzig, 1913, do O. Franke d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c. Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa th\u00edch Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Sumangalavil\u00e0sin\u00ec c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a T\u00edch Lan s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m (Buddhaghosa), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hai v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng Davids xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1986.

Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Sankrit m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ch\u00fang T\u1eadp Kinh (Sang\u00ecti-sutta) – kinh th\u1ee9 9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh \u00c0t\u00e0n\u00e0tiya-sutta – kinh th\u1ee9 32 b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 R.Hoernle thu l\u1ee5c trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Manuscrip Remains of Buddhist Literature found in Eastern Turkestan,Vol.1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n



Ngo\u00e0i ra trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 Hdus-pa chen-pohi md t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i Kinh – kinh th\u1ee9 19 trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m; Tshans-Pahi dra-bahi mdo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Ph\u1ea1m \u0110\u00f4\ufba7 Kinh – kinh th\u1ee9 21 trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m; Lcan-lo-can-gyi pho-bran-gi mdo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi A\u8d26#224;n\u00e0tiya-sutta trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9.

2. Kinh Trung A – h\u00e0m<\/strong>

Kinh Trung A-h\u00e0m, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Madhyam\u00e0gama, g\u1ed3m 60 quy\u1ec3n, do ng\u00e0i C\u00f9\u8b66#273;\u00e0m T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-\u0111\u1ec1-b\u00e0 d\u1ecbch sang H\u00e1n v\u0103n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n (317-419), Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh T\u00e2n Tu \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh t\u1eadp 1. S\u1edf d\u0129 n\u00f3i “Trung” l\u00e0 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf, kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eafn. Trung A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ed5ng t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1eeba ph\u1ea3i, kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn l\u1eafm c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ecf l\u1eafm.

Theo T\u00c1T-B\u00c0-\u0110A T\u1ef2-NI T\u1ef2-B\u00c0-SA 1, Kinh Trung A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i c\u00e1c ngh\u0129a l\u00fd s\u00e2u xa cho h\u00e0ng ch\u00fang sinh l\u1ee3i c\u0103n nghe. To\u00e0n kinh g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ee5ng (Ng\u0169 t\u1ee5ng), 18 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 222 kinh. Ng\u0169 t\u1ee5ng g\u1ed3m S\u01a1 t\u1ee5ng, Ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 th\u00e0nh t\u1ee5ng, Ni\u1ec7m t\u1ee5ng, Ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 H\u1eadu t\u1ee5ng. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y xin l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u1ea7n li\u1ec7t k\u00ea t\u00ean ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 t\u00ean kinh.

Kinh n\u00e0y l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ef1 thu\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh. Trong \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u0103n d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed, c\u00e1c b\u1eadc v\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1ea3, c\u01b0 s\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. So v\u1edbi Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m, kinh n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edbng, xem \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e2n th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u1ebfu T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u00fang nh\u01b0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a danh t\u1eeb, th\u00ec Trung A-h\u00e0m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i kh\u00ed v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 lu\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.

Kinh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Trung B\u1ed9 (P\u00e0li : Majjhima – Nik\u00e0ya) trong 5 b\u1ed9 kinh thu\u1ed9c Nam truy\u1ec1n. Trung B\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 3 t\u1ee5, 15 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 152 kinh. T\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m 5 ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 10 kinh; t\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 hai c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m 5 ph\u1ea9m, m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 10 kinh; t\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 5 ph\u1ea9m, 3 ph\u1ea9m tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 10 kinh, 2 ph\u1ea9m sau m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 11 kinh. Theo t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The four Buddhist A\u89e1mas in Chinese (B\u1ed1n b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch) c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u1ef7 K\u1ef3 Ch\u00e1nh Tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, Kinh Trung A-h\u00e0m (b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch) ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 98 kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi Trung B\u1ed9 (b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li), nh\u01b0ng th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c kinh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nhau.

\u0110\u1ed3ng b\u1ea3n d\u1ecb d\u1ecbch (t\u1ee9c c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ecbch, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch sang H\u00e1n V\u0103n) c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u00e0m-ma-nan-\u0111\u1ec1 (59 quy\u1ec3n), b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng-gi\u00e0-\u0111\u1ec1-b\u00e0 (60 quy\u1ec3n).

Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00f3 kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh Th\u1ec9nh Th\u1ec9nh (Prav\u00e0ran\u00e0 – s\u00f9tra), kinh th\u1ee9 121 trong Trung A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh \u01afu-ba-li (Up\u00e0li – s\u00f9tra), kinh th\u1ee9 133; c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh Anh V\u0169 (S\u00faka – s\u00f9tra), kinh th\u1ee9 170 trong Trung A-h\u00e0m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 R.Hoernle thu l\u1ee5c trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Manuscrip Remains of Buddhist Literature found in Eastern Turkestan,Vol.I.

Trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 Mdo Chen-po gzugs-can snin-pos bsu-ba shes-bya-ba t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh T\u1ea7n-b\u00e0-sa-la V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nghinh Ph\u1eadt, kinh th\u1ee9 62 trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; Las rnam-par hbyed-pa t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh Anh V\u0169, kinh th\u1ee9 170 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; Khams-man-pohi mdo t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh \u0110a Gi\u1edbi, kinh th\u1ee9 121 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; Mdo Chen-po ston-pa-nid ses-bya-ba t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh Ti\u1ec3u Kh\u00f4ng, kinh th\u1ee9 190 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; Mdo Chen-po ston-pa nid chen-po shes-bya-ba t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh \u0110\u1ea1i Kh\u00f4ng, kinh th\u1ee9 191 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch.

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u cho r\u1eb1ng Kinh Trung A-h\u00e0m do T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a b\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n.

3. Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A – h\u00e0m<\/strong>

Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Ekttarik\u00e0gama, ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li l\u00e0 Anguttara – Nik\u00e0ya, g\u1ed3m 51 quy\u1ec3n, do ng\u00e0i C\u00f9-\u0111\u00e0m-t\u0103ng-gi\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1-b\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u00f4ng T\u1ea5n (317-419), Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh T\u00e2n Tu \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh t\u1eadp 2.

Theo THI\u1ec6N KI\u1ebeN LU\u1eacT T\u1ef2-B\u00c0-SA 1, NG\u0168 PH\u1ea6N LU\u1eacT 30, T\u1ee8 PH\u1ea6N LU\u1eacT 54, s\u1edf d\u0129 n\u00f3i “T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t” l\u00e0 v\u00ec b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb 1 \u0111\u1ebfn 11 ph\u00e1p. Theo T\u00c1T-B\u00c0-\u0110A T\u1ef2-NI T\u1ef2-B\u00c0-SA, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ed5ng t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00f9y th\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i cho ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sinh nghe. To\u00e0n kinh g\u1ed3m 52 ph\u1ea9m, 472 kinh. Kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1eafc th\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eadm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp tr\u1ec5 nh\u1ea5t trong 4 b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m.

N\u1ed9i dung kinh n\u00e0y ban \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i ph\u1ea9m T\u1ef1a, thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i chuy\u1ec7n ng\u00e0i A-nan truy\u1ec1n t\u1ee5ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a kinh n\u00e0y, nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean \u01afu-\u0111a-la th\u1ecd ph\u00e1p v.v… Sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gom t\u1eadp. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y, sau c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c kinh ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ed5ng t\u1ee5ng, t\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea1i y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i ph\u1ea9m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed7i kinh.

V\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m, 3 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eddi T\u1ed1ng; \u0111\u1eddi Nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi Minh c\u00f3 52 ph\u1ea9m, 50 quy\u1ec3n; trong Cao Ly t\u00e0ng b\u1ea3n th\u00ec c\u00f3 50 ph\u1ea9m, 51 quy\u1ec3n. V\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p s\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n trong kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 hai thuy\u1ebft :

1. Theo Lu\u1eadt Ma-ha T\u0103ng-k\u1ef3 32, Lu\u1eadn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u00e0m T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa 10 v\u00e0 H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da T\u1ea1p S\u1ef1 39, Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m v\u1ed1n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 1 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn 100 ph\u00e1p, nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 sau b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t h\u1ebft n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 10 ph\u00e1p.

2. Theo Lu\u1eadt Ng\u0169 Ph\u1ea7n 30, Lu\u1eadt T\u1ee9 Ph\u1ea7n 54 v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c 2, Kinh n\u00e0y tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n t\u1eeb 1 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn 11 ph\u00e1p. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n.

Kinh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 (P\u00e0li : Anguttara – nikaya) trong 5 b\u1ed9 kinh h\u1ec7 Nam truy\u1ec1n. T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m 11 t\u1ee5, 171 ph\u1ea9m, 2203 kinh. Theo t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m The four Buddhist \u00c0gamas in Chinese c\u1ee7a h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Nh\u1eadt, trong 472 kinh c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m (B\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 136 kinh l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh), T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bao h\u00e0m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba nh\u01b0 trong b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, l\u1ea1i \u00edt c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u00eam th\u1eaft s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i; cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9 n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, t\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 I T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 gi\u1ea3i Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m trong Ph\u1eadt Quang \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh, T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m c\u00f3 153 kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng ho\u1eb7c g\u1ea7n gi\u1ed1ng T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 Kinh.

Kinh Bi\u1ec7t Sanh (Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1ecbch ri\u00eang) c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m c\u00f3 Kinh A-la-h\u00e1n C\u1ee5 \u0110\u1ee9c 1 quy\u1ec3n, kinh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 18 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c nhau. Trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n v\u0103n m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 kinh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi kinh th\u1ee9 5 trong ph\u1ea9m Thi\u1ec7n T\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c H\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 R. Hoernle thu l\u1ee5c v\u00e0o t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Manuscrip Remains of Buddhist Literature found in Eastern Turkestan, vol 1.

Ngo\u00e0i ra trong \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 Kinh Byams-pas shus-pahi lehu (T\u1eeb Th\u1ecb S\u1edf V\u1ea5n Ph\u1ea9m) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Thi\u1ec7n Tri Th\u1ee9c Ph\u1ea9m, Kinh th\u1ee9 6 b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; Mdo Chen-po rgyal-mtshan dam-pa shes-bya-ba (\u0110\u1ea1i Vi Di\u1ec7u Tr\u00e0ng Kinh) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Cao Tr\u00e0ng Ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; Lden-pa-bshihi mdo (T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf Kinh) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea9m T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch; Byams-pa bsgom-pahi mdo (T\u1eeb Qu\u00e1n T\u01b0\u1edfng Kinh) t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh th\u1ee9 10 trong ph\u1ea9m Ph\u00f3ng Ng\u01b0u.

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 do m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1i nh\u1ecf sau c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n.

4. Kinh T\u1ea1p A – h\u00e0m<\/strong>

Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m, ti\u1ebfng Ph\u1ea1n l\u00e0 Samyukt\u00e0gama, ti\u1ebfng P\u00e0li l\u00e0 Samyutta-Nik\u00e0ya, g\u1ed3m 51 quy\u1ec3n, do ng\u00e0i C\u1ea7u-na B\u1ea1t-\u0111\u00e0-la d\u1ecbch sang ti\u1ebfng Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi L\u01b0u T\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh T\u00e2n Tu \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh t\u1eadp 2.

V\u1ec1 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m, theo NG\u0168 PH\u1ea6N LU\u1eacT 30, T\u1ee8 PH\u1ea6N LU\u1eacT 54, kinh n\u00e0y do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf, B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, Th\u1eadp Nh\u1ecb Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean… cho c\u00e1c th\u00ednh ch\u00fang T\u1ef3-kheo, T\u1ef3-kheo-ni, \u01afu-b\u00e0-t\u1eafc, \u01afu-b\u00e0-di, Thi\u00ean t\u1eed, Thi\u00ean n\u1eef v.v… Nay gom t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m. Theo LU\u1eacT MA-HA T\u0102NG-K\u1ef2 32, do gom t\u1eadp nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u v\u0103n ph\u1ed3n t\u1ea1p n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m. Ngo\u00e0i ra, theo T\u00c1T-B\u00c0-\u0110A T\u1ef2-NI T\u1ef2-B\u00c0-SA 1, T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh xi\u1ec3n d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Theo LU\u1eacN DU-GI\u00c0-S\u01af-\u0110\u1ecaA 85, do t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o, gom h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng ngh\u0129a l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T\u1ea1p A-c\u1ea5p-ma (T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m).

To\u00e0n kinh n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 50 quy\u1ec3n, 1362 ti\u1ec3u kinh (theo s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean t\u1eadp trong \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh T\u00e2n Tu \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh), n\u1ed9i dung t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 (Samyutta – Nik\u00e0ya, g\u1ed3m 2858 ti\u1ec3u kinh, 203 ph\u1ea9m, 516 thi\u00ean, 5 t\u1ee5) b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li thu\u1ed9c h\u1ec7 Nam truy\u1ec1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong 4 b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch. V\u1ec1 th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, kinh n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t trong 4 b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec to\u00e0n kinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia ra 3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u1edbn :

1. Tu-\u0111a-la : G\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 U\u1ea9n, X\u1ee9, Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, Th\u1ef1c, \u0110\u1ebf, Gi\u1edbi, Ni\u1ec7m, Tr\u1ee5 v.v…
2. K\u1ef3-d\u1ea1 : G\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo l\u1ed1i k\u1ec7 t\u1ee5ng.
3. K\u00fd thuy\u1ebft : Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft.

Ba b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi 3 lo\u1ea1i “S\u1edf thuy\u1ebft”, “S\u1edf vi thuy\u1ebft” v\u00e0 “N\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong LU\u1eacN DU-GI\u00c0-S\u01af-\u0110\u1ecaA 85.

Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 kinh c\u00f2n b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c phong c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y. Trong \u0111\u00f3, tuy c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n do \u0111\u1eddi sau bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u ph\u00e1p trong kinh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n th\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ni\u1ec7m, Tr\u1ee5, U\u1ea9n, Gi\u1edbi, do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 song, B\u00e1t b\u1ed9i, n\u01b0\u01a1ng theo 8 ch\u00fang m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i “Ch\u00fang t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng”, khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng t\u1ea1i gia, xu\u1ea5t gia, nam n\u1eef l\u00e3o \u1ea5u cho \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e3nh th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p.

C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 4 b\u1ed9 A-h\u00e0m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 v\u0103n kinh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li, cho \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 xem nh\u1eb9 nh\u1eefng ng\u1eef v\u0103n kh\u00e1c. Kinh A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch do pho quy\u1ec3n qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m l\u1ea1i tr\u00f9ng l\u1eb7p, t\u1eeb ng\u1eef m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, v\u0103n d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 th\u1eeba c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 thi\u1ebfu, do nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp. Sau khi Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc th\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tham kh\u1ea3o l\u1ea1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng A-h\u00e0m.

Nh\u01b0 Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m, do n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh, th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c, kinh v\u0103n l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u, n\u00ean c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9nh l\u00fd kinh n\u00e0y. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft c\u00f3 “T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m Kinh” c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Quang S\u01a1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u theo th\u1ec3 th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, t\u1eebng \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li, b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c quy\u1ec3n, sau m\u1ed7i ti\u1ec3u kinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u trong kinh th\u00ec chua th\u00eam b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li, ho\u1eb7c d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh t\u00e2n v\u0103n (v\u0103n B\u1ea1ch tho\u1ea1i).

Ngo\u00e0i ra, b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh nghi\u00eam t\u00fac, ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u1ec9 m\u1ec9, d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. T\u1ea0P A-H\u00c0M KINH LU\u1eacN H\u1ed8I BI\u00caN c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn th\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m v\u1edbi Du-gi\u00e0-s\u01b0-\u0111\u1ecba Lu\u1eadn, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c s\u1eafc nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0i \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i theo n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a kinh gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u1ed5 l\u1ec7 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n quy\u1ec3n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, g\u1ed3m 7 ph\u1ea7n t\u1ee5ng, 51 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng.

Theo t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m H\u00c1N BA T\u1ee8 B\u1ed8 T\u1ee8 A-H\u00c0M H\u1ed4 CHI\u1ebeU L\u1ee4C c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u00e0 X\u00edch Chi\u1ec3u Tr\u00ed Thi\u1ec7n, gi\u1eefa T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 Nam truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch thu\u1ed9c B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 ngh\u0129a l\u00fd trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c nhau c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt. M\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 T\u1ef7 K\u1ef3 Ch\u00e1nh Tr\u1ecb c\u0169ng tham chi\u1ebfu gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c kinh nh\u01b0 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li, Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch, H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da T\u1ea1p S\u1ef1 v.v…Trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m “H\u00e1n D\u1ecbch T\u1ee9 A-h\u00e0m” (The four Buddhist A\u89e1mas in Chinese) c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng, \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n chia n\u1ed9i dung th\u00e0nh 8 ph\u1ea9m, 63 b\u1ed9.

Ngo\u00e0i ra, 3 ph\u1ea9m A-d\u1ee5c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Kinh, Ph\u00e1p Di\u1ec7t T\u1eadn T\u01b0\u1edbng Kinh, A-d\u1ee5c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u00ed B\u00e1n A-ma-l\u1eb7c Qu\u1ea3 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean Kinh trong hai quy\u1ec3n 23 v\u00e0 25 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, n\u1ebfu c\u0103n c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean n\u1ed9i dung, ngh\u0129a l\u00fd c\u1ee7a kinh m\u00e0 n\u00f3i th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean bi\u00ean nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m. Cho n\u00ean trong hai b\u1ea3n m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ba ph\u1ea9m kinh n\u00e0y ra kh\u1ecfi Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m. Ri\u00eang b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Quang S\u01a1n th\u00ec x\u1ebfp ba ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n Ph\u1ee5 L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u1ea3 tham kh\u1ea3o.

S\u1ed1 kinh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1300 ti\u1ec3u kinh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bao h\u00e0m c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c kinh trong hai quy\u1ec3n 23 v\u00e0 25 n\u00f3i tr\u00ean. Ph\u1eadt Quang \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb 3 kinh n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, c\u00f2n 1359 kinh, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi hi\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i pho quy\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ea1i t\u00ean kinh m\u1edbi. Trong “T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m Kinh Lu\u1eadn h\u1ed9i bi\u00ean” c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn th\u00ec sau m\u1ed7i kinh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 li\u1ec7t k\u00ea nh\u1eefng kinh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn kinh \u1ea5y, t\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1n kinh. Trong “Qu\u1ed1c D\u1ecbch Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft Kinh” c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u0169ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn, nh\u01b0ng t\u1ed5ng s\u1ed1 kinh so v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn th\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c nhau.

Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 3 lo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c kinh Bi\u1ec7t Sanh th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n 30 lo\u1ea1i, t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 33 lo\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1884, nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch ra ti\u1ebfng Anh, ti\u1ebfng \u0110\u1ee9c, ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1924, \u00f4ng W. Piyattisa \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00fa th\u00edch T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 (P\u00e0li : S\u00e0ratthappak\u00e0sini) c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o T\u00edch Lan th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 V l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m (P\u00e0li : Buddhaghosa).

Trong nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n m\u1edbi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf t\u1ec9nh T\u00e2n C\u01b0\u01a1ng, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch. C\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n Ph\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.

V\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m, theo PH\u00c1P HOA KINH HUY\u1ec0N T\u00c1N 1, \u0110\u1ea0I TH\u1eeaA PH\u00c1P UY\u1ec2N NGH\u0128A L\u00c2M CH\u01af\u01a0NG 4, HOA NGHI\u00caM KINH S\u1eda SAO HUY\u1ec0N \u0110\u00c0M, Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec1u do \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n, nh\u01b0ng C\u00c2U X\u00c1 LU\u1eacN K\u00ca C\u1ed4 quy\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m v\u00e0 Trung A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 do Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 (t\u1ee9c T\u00e1t-b\u00e0-\u0111a B\u1ed9) truy\u1ec1n. C\u00f2n ng\u00e0i \u1ea4n Thu\u1eadn th\u00ec cho r\u1eb1ng Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 do Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n, T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li l\u00e0 do X\u00edch \u0110\u1ed3ng Di\u1ec7p B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n, Kinh T\u1ea1p A-h\u00e0m b\u1ea3n bi\u1ec7t d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 do \u1ea8m Quang B\u1ed9 truy\u1ec1n.

K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN<\/strong>

Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y nh\u1ea5t. Tr\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n V\u0103n h\u1ecdc s\u1eed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. Do kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ed5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n P\u00e0li, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ec7 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 xem nh\u1eb9 Kinh A-h\u00e0m. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t T\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng quan ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, Tam th\u00e2n v.v… trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y, nh\u01b0ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ec3 li\u1ec5u sanh tho\u00e1t t\u1eed, ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u trong Kinh A-h\u00e0m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Do v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 t\u00ecm t\u00f2i, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu, ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 danh t\u0103ng c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a.

T\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t quan ni\u1ec7m cho r\u1eb1ng Kinh A-h\u00e0m l\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba. \u0110\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Ti\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ranh gi\u1edbi trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong ch\u00ednh quan ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00f4i. H\u00e3y l\u1eadt l\u1ea1i t\u1eebng trang kinh \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb l\u00e2u ph\u1ee7 b\u1ee5i th\u1eddi gian, \u0111\u1ec3 cho Th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p d\u1ef1ng h\u00ecnh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 mi\u00ean vi\u1ec5n gi\u1eefa l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1eafng m\u1eadt \u0111en n\u00e0y.

T\u00c0I LI\u1ec6U THAM KH\u1ea2O<\/em><\/strong>

– \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00e1nh T\u00e2n Tu \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh.
– Ph\u1eadt Quang \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n.
– Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Lu\u1eadn (Kimura Taiken – HT. Qu\u1ea3ng \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ecbch).
– B\u00e0i t\u1ef1a Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A-h\u00e0m (HT.Tr\u00ed \u0110\u1ee9c d\u1ecbch).
– Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec3n (ng\u00e0i Th\u00e1nh Nghi\u00eam).<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

KINH T\u1ea0NG\u00a0B\u1eaeC TRUY\u1ec0N
B\u1ed8\u00a0A H\u00c0M\u00a0(PDF)<\/strong>
Th\u00edch Thanh T\u1eeb – Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 – Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng – Th\u00edch\u00a0T\u1ecbnh H\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng A H\u00e0m- Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9<\/a>
Kinh Trung A H\u00e0m 1 Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 Sy<\/a>
Kinh Trung A H\u00e0m 2 Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 Sy<\/a>
Kinh Trung A H\u00e0m 3 Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 Sy<\/a>
Kinh T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m 1 – Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng<\/a>
Kinh T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m 2 – Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng<\/a>
Kinh T\u1ea1p A H\u00e0m 3 – Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng<\/a>
Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m – Th\u00edch Thanh T\u1eeb<\/a>
Kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m – Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LINH S\u01a0N PH\u00c1P B\u1ea2O \u0110\u1ea0I T\u1ea0NG KINH – B\u1ed8 A H\u00c0M  PDF<\/strong>

T1 A H\u00c0M I (pdf)<\/p>\n\n\n\n