{"id":3282,"date":"2020-10-12T07:16:04","date_gmt":"2020-10-12T07:16:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=3282"},"modified":"2020-10-12T07:16:04","modified_gmt":"2020-10-12T07:16:04","slug":"cuoc-doi-cua-to-su-long-tho","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/10\/12\/cuoc-doi-cua-to-su-long-tho\/","title":{"rendered":"CU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1edcI C\u1ee6A T\u1ed4 S\u01af LONG TH\u1ecc"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Theo : Thuvienhoasen.org<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n

CU\u1ed8C \u0110\u1edcI\u00a0C\u1ee6A\u00a0T\u1ed4 S\u01af\u00a0LONG TH\u1ecc<\/strong>
Nguy\u00ean t\u00e1c: Biography of Nagarjuna – Alexander Berzin
Tu\u1ec7 Uy\u1ec3n\u00a0chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"nagarjuna\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Long Th\u1ecd c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00e0 hai b\u1eadc khai ph\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Long Th\u1ecd ti\u1ebfp n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 trao truy\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o hu\u1ea5n th\u1eadm th\u00e2m vi di\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb V\u0103n Th\u00f9 S\u01b0 L\u1ee3i, trong khi V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc (c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi Thi\u00ean Th\u00e2n) truy\u1ec1n th\u1eeba nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a bao la c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed3 t\u00e1t t\u1eeb Di L\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long Th\u1ecd – Nagajuna sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u00e0 la m\u00f4n ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa \u0111\u1ea7u hay \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Vidarbha, ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng Maharashatra v\u00e0 Andhra Pradesh. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u01b0 Kinh L\u0103ng Gi\u00e0. L\u00fac sinh ra, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ti\u00ean tri d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1ng trong b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu cha m\u1eb9 ng\u00e0i c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m v\u1ecb sa m\u00f4n, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i. Lo s\u1ee3 cho s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i, cha m\u1eb9 Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Tu vi\u1ec7n Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 \u1edf mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc \u1ea4n, n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i g\u1eb7p v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Saraha. Saraha n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0 tr\u00ec t\u1ee5ng m\u1eadt ng\u00f4n A Di \u0110\u00e0, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd. Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i th\u00ec gia nh\u1eadp tu vi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cShrimanta.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u1ea1i Na Lan \u0110\u00e0, Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna h\u1ecdc kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3n gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n tantra v\u1edbi Ratnamati \u2013 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a V\u0103n Th\u00f9 S\u01b0 L\u1ee3i \u2013 v\u00e0, v\u1edbi Saraha, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t Tantra B\u00ed M\u1eadt. Th\u00eam n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i h\u1ecdc thu\u1eadt gi\u1ea3 kim v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ebfn s\u1eaft th\u00e0nh v\u00e0ng. D\u00f9ng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u1eefng tu s\u0129 c\u1ee7a Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 trong n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a Na Lan \u0110\u00e0. \u1ede \u0111\u1ea5y, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t t\u00e1m ngh\u00ecn tu s\u0129, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i n\u0103m tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed trong tranh lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi trai tr\u1ebb, l\u00e0 h\u00f3a th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a con c\u1ee7a long v\u01b0\u01a1ng, \u0111\u1ebfn Na Lan \u0110\u00e0. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 trong h\u1ecd nh\u1eefng h\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01a1m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u00fa nh\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ai. Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna r\u1ed3i th\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tinh d\u1ea7u tr\u1ea7m h\u01b0\u01a1ng cho b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u1eef B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Tara v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1edf c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n. H\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cha c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u1ebfu Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd. Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ec5 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 Kinh M\u1ed9t Tr\u0103m Ngh\u00ecn B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a v\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u cho m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 Kinh B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a, tu\u1ec7 tr\u00ed to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n, hay t\u1ec9nh th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t s\u00e2u xa, lo\u00e0i r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111em v\u1ec1 long cung \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00faa d\u1ea1 xoa c\u1ee7a th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n n\u1eefa. Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna \u0111em v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn b\u00e0i k\u1ec7, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 long ch\u00fang gi\u1eef hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd xa h\u01a1n. Sau n\u00e0y, hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 xung v\u00e0o v\u1edbi hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a Kinh M\u1ed9t Tr\u0103m Ngh\u00ecn B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a hai v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau. Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna c\u0169ng \u0111em v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t c\u1ee7a r\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 th\u00e1p mi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n, khi Long Th\u1ecd-Nagajuna \u0111ang gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3 Ba La M\u1eadt \u0110a, s\u00e1u con r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3o c\u00e1i ph\u00eda tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 che ng\u00e0i kh\u1ecfi n\u1eafng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi. Do b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Long-Naga. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ec7n x\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i trong gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y Ph\u1eadt Ph\u00e1p \u0111i th\u1eb3ng t\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng m\u0169i t\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 cung th\u1ee7 n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng Arjuna (t\u00ean m\u1ed9t anh h\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1i trong b\u1ed9 kinh \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o Bhagavad Gita), ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Arjuna. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cNagarjuna\u201d hay Long Th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sau n\u00e0y Long Th\u1ecd \u0111i l\u00ean mi\u1ec1n B\u1eafc H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o (B\u1eafc L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u1ebb con \u0111ang n\u00f4 \u0111\u00f9a tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0i ti\u00ean tri r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a trong ch\u00fang, t\u00ean l\u00e0 Jataka, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua. Khi Long Th\u1ecd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb B\u1eafc H\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u1eadu b\u00e9 trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ecb vua c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn \u1edf Nam \u1ea4n. Long Th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb vua trong ba n\u0103m, d\u1ea1y d\u1ed7 \u00f4ng, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c trong v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c \u1ea5y, t\u1ea1i Shri Parvata, ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai thi\u00eang li\u00eang tr\u00f4ng xu\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 Nagarjunakonda [1]. Long Th\u1ecd-Nagarjuna \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t Tr\u00e0ng Hoa Qu\u00fd B\u00e1u \u2013 B\u1ea3o H\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng Ch\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn (Ratnavati). \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb vua m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd vi\u1ebft t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m L\u00e1 Th\u01b0 Cho M\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n (Suhrllekha), vua t\u00ean l\u00e0 Udayibhadra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1\u00a0h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3\u00a0ph\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u00e2y x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft Vua Udayibhadra v\u1edbi Vua Gautamiputra Shatakarni (tr\u1ecb v\u00ec 106- 130 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch) c\u1ee7a\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0Shatavahana (230 tr\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn 199 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch), hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Andhra Pradesh. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 x\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u00f4ng v\u1edbi v\u1ecb vua k\u1ebf l\u00e0 Vashishtiputra Pulumayi (130 \u2013 158 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch). Th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch\u00a0ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c. Nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb vua\u00a0tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i\u00a0Shatavahana l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3\u00a0b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p\u00a0\u1edf Amaravati, n\u01a1i\u00a0\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u00a0thuy\u1ebft\u00a0M\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n\u00a0Th\u1eddi Lu\u00e2n\u00a0(Kalachakra Tantra) l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0 n\u00f3 g\u1ea7n Shri Parata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Udayibhadra c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai, Kumara Shaktiman, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh vua. M\u1eb9 \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng ta s\u1ebd ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean ng\u00f4i cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi Long Th\u1ecd ch\u1ebft, v\u00ec Long Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng Udayibhadra c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. M\u1eb9 \u00f4ng ta n\u00f3i h\u00e3y th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u Long Th\u1ecd cho th\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u00ec Long Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t bi m\u1eabn, kh\u00f4ng nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec n\u1eefa ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ban cho \u00f4ng. Long Th\u1ecd th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, nh\u01b0ng Kumara kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t thanh g\u01b0\u01a1m. Long Th\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng trong ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t con ki\u1ebfn trong khi c\u1eaft c\u1ecf. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1eaft r\u1eddi v\u1edbi l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u1ee7a c\u1ecf kusha. Kumara l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd l\u00eca \u0111\u1eddi. M\u00e1u t\u1eeb c\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh s\u1eeda v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p n\u00f3i, \u201cB\u00e2y gi\u1edd ta s\u1ebd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn C\u1ef1c L\u1ea1c T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9, nh\u01b0ng ta s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa.\u201d Kumara \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p xa kh\u1ecfi th\u00e2n th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng th\u1ee7 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Khi ch\u00fang h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i, Long Th\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y l\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. N\u00f3i chung, Long Th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ed1ng s\u00e1u tr\u0103m n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n m\u00e0 Long Th\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– T\u1eadp H\u1ecdp L\u00fd Lu\u1eadn, Collections of Reasoning – Nh\u1eadp Trung Lu\u1eadn,
Madhyamakavata,
– T\u1eadp H\u1ecdp Nh\u1eefng B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 T\u00e1n, Collections of Praises.
– T\u1eadp H\u1ecdp Nh\u1eefng Gi\u1ea3i Th\u00edch M\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m, Collections of Explanations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u00e1u T\u1eadp H\u1ecdp c\u1ee7a L\u00fd Tr\u00ed hay Nh\u1eadp Trung Lu\u1eadn l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Nh\u1eefng B\u00e0i K\u1ec7 C\u0103n B\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u00e1n Lu\u1eadn, T\u1ec9nh Th\u1ee9c Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t
– Discriminating Awareness – Prajna-nama- mulamadhyamaka-karika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Tr\u00e0ng Hoa Qu\u00fd B\u00e1u \u2013 Precious Galand \u2013 Ratnavati.
– H\u1ed3i Tr\u00e1nh Lu\u1eadn Th\u00edch \u2013 B\u00e1c B\u1ecf Ch\u1ed1ng \u0110\u1ed1i \u2013 Vigrahavyavarti.
– Th\u1ea5t Th\u1eadp Kh\u00f4ngT\u00ednh Lu\u1eadn \u2013 B\u1ea3y M\u01b0\u01a1i B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 T\u00e1nh Kh\u00f4ng \u2013 Sunyatasaptati.
– Qu\u00e3ng Ph\u00e1 Kinh Danh \u2013 Vaidalya sutra nama.
– L\u1ee5c Th\u1eadp T\u1ee5ng Nh\u01b0 \u00dd Lu\u1eadn \u2013 Yuktishashtika.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bao g\u1ed3m T\u00e1n D\u01b0\u01a1ng K\u1ec7 T\u1eadp l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u00e1p Gi\u1edbi T\u00e1n \u2013 Dharmadhatu stava.
– Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf t\u00e1n \u2013 Paramartha stava.
– Si\u00eau Th\u1ebf Gian t\u00e1n \u2013 Lokatita stava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bao g\u1ed3m M\u00f4 Ph\u1ea1m Th\u00edch T\u1eadp l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 T\u00e2m Lu\u1eadn \u2013 Bodhicittavana.
– T\u1eadp Kinh Lu\u1eadn \u2013 Sutrasamuccaya.
– L\u00e1 Th\u01b0 cho M\u1ed9t Ng\u01b0\u1eddi B\u1ea1n \u2013 Suhrllekha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 v\u00e0i lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 m\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3n Tantra B\u00ed M\u1eadt, bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng gi\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 Pindikrta sadhana.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n tr\u00ean T\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i to\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n B\u00ed m\u1eadt tantra ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean v\u0103n c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 – Shri-guhyasamaja-mahayogatantra-utpattikrama-sadhana-sutra- melapaka<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– N\u0103m T\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc (T\u1ea7ng b\u1eadc Ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t) \u2013 Pancakrama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Long Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh Thi\u00ean (Aryadeva) t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed1n tr\u0103m B\u00e0i k\u1ec7 Lu\u1eadn thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng H\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a Du gi\u00e0 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t v\u00e0 v\u00e0i lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Tantra B\u00ed m\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

[1] Nagarjunakonda (skt): \u0110\u1ecba danh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u1edf v\u00f9ng Nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Theo Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Bapat trong Hai Ng\u00e0n N\u0103m Tr\u0103m N\u0103m Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft g\u00ec v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p l\u1edbn \u1edf Nagarjunakonda hay \u0111\u1ed3i Nagarjunakonda cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00e1p n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1934. Th\u00e1p n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean m\u1ea1n ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a s\u00f4ng Krishna trong qu\u1eadn Guntur. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1p v\u00ec c\u00f3 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef di h\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua A D\u1ee5c. Th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2n t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 sung b\u1edfi Santisiri c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c trong ho\u00e0ng t\u1ed9c. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng gi\u00fap cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ea1i Andhra trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3. Th\u00e1p n\u1ea7y ng\u00e0y nay tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t nh\u01b0ng tr\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ed9 h\u01a1n th\u00e1p \u1edf Amaravati. H\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo phong c\u00e1ch Amaravati \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Qua c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef kh\u1eafc tr\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e2y tr\u1ee5 Ayaga, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 r\u1eb1ng Nagarjunakonda, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Vijayapuri, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng to l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 danh ti\u1ebfng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u tu vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 cho tu s\u0129 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4ng ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 T\u00edch Lan, Kashmir, Gandhara, Trung Hoa, v\u00e2n v\u00e2n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n Andhra giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac s\u00e2u xa v\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i La M\u00e3 th\u1eddi \u1ea5y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00e0ng l\u00ednh r\u00e2u ria m\u1eb7c \u00e1o ch\u1ebdn, qu\u1ea7n t\u00e2y, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb La M\u00e3. T\u1ea1i Andhra, c\u00e1c n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 Guntapali, c\u00e1ch ga xe l\u1eeda Ellore ch\u1eebng 28 d\u1eb7m, v\u00e0 Sankaram, c\u00e1ch Anakapalli m\u1ed9t d\u1eb7m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac trong \u0111\u00e1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ea7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn qua s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c di t\u00edch c\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 n\u1ea7y l\u00e0 Goli, Chezarta, Gummatia, Bezwada, Garikapadu, Uraiyur, Kuvain, Chinve v\u00e0 Vidyadharpur. (T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc Thi\u1ec7n Ph\u00fac)<\/em>Biography of Nagarjuna<\/em>
Alexander Berzin<\/em>
February 2006<\/em>
Tu\u1ec7 Uy\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n ng\u1eef<\/em>
08-03-2010<\/em>
http:\/\/www.berzinarchives.com\/web\/en\/archives\/<\/a><\/em>\u00b0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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