{"id":35272,"date":"2022-08-17T22:11:52","date_gmt":"2022-08-17T15:11:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=35272"},"modified":"2022-08-17T22:14:07","modified_gmt":"2022-08-17T15:14:07","slug":"chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/08\/17\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p2\/","title":{"rendered":"CH\u00da GI\u1ea2I TI\u1ec2U T\u1ee4NG (KHUDDAKAP\u0100THA ATTHAKATH\u0100)- P2"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"35272\" class=\"elementor elementor-35272\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-2d300dc elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-around elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"2d300dc\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-109e741\" data-id=\"109e741\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-43bfccf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"43bfccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"29353\" class=\"elementor elementor-29353\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3841028 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-evenly elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"3841028\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4cda7d4\" data-id=\"4cda7d4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d909715 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-site-logo elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d909715\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-site-logo.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/images\/placeholder.png\" title=\"\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c0ffcaa\" data-id=\"c0ffcaa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6ae6892\" data-id=\"6ae6892\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b83997d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b83997d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<button onclick=\"history.back()\"><<<\/button>\n<button onclick=\"history.forward()\">>><\/button>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6fda418 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6fda418\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fa7e0ef\" data-id=\"fa7e0ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a7b2fad elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a7b2fad\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-608cca0\" data-id=\"608cca0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2888185 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2888185\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"33009\" class=\"elementor elementor-33009\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e93922 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7e93922\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b3a8999\" data-id=\"b3a8999\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-18dd785 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"18dd785\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>[<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya-tap-1\/\">Ph\u1ea7n I- Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee5ng<\/a>\u00a0 ]- [<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-phap-cu\/\">Ph\u1ea7n II- Ph\u00e1p c\u00fa<\/a>\u00a0 ]-\u00a0 [<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/kinh-phat-tu-thuyet-tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya\/\">Ph\u1ea7n III- Ph\u1eadt t\u1ef1 thuy\u1ebft<\/a>\u00a0 ]-\u00a0 [<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/kinh-phat-thuyet-nhu-vay-tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya\/\">Ph\u1ea7n IV- Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<\/a>\u00a0 ]- &#8211;\u00a0 [<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/kinh-tap-tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya\/\">Ph\u1ea7n V-Kinh t\u1eadp<\/a>\u00a0 ]-\u00a0 [\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya-tap-ii-thien-cung-va-nga-quy\/\">Ph\u1ea7n VI-Thi\u00ean cung v\u00e0 ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7<\/a> ] &#8211;\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya-tap-iii-truong-lao-tang-ni-ke\/\">[\u00a0<em><strong>Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u0103ng k\u1ec7<\/strong><\/em><\/a><em><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/em> \u00a0]\u00a0 &#8211; [ <a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-truong-lao-ni-ke\/\">Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o ni k\u1ec7 ]<\/a>\u00a0 -[ <a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya-p4-nhung-cau-chuyen-tien-than-duc-phat\/\">B\u1ed5n sanh 1-100<\/a> ] &#8211;\u00a0 \u00a0 [<a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-cau-chuyen-bon-sanh-p2\/\">B\u1ed5n sanh 101 \u0111\u1ebfn 263<\/a> ]\u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u00a0[ <a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya-cau-chuyen-tien-than-p3\/\">B\u1ed5n sanh 264-395] <\/a>\u00a0 \u00a0&#8211;\u00a0 [ <a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-cau-chuyen-tien-than-p4\/\">B\u1ed5n sanh 395-473<\/a> ]\u00a0 \u00a0&#8211;\u00a0 [ <a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya-cau-chuyen-tien-than-p5\/\">B\u1ed5n sanh\u00a0 474-540<\/a> ]\u00a0 \u00a0 &#8211;\u00a0 \u00a0[ <a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/tieu-bo-kinh-nikaya-p5-nhung-cau-chuyen-tien-than-duc-phat\/\">B\u1ed5n sanh- Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i<\/a> ]<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fc14ed2 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fc14ed2\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ac25a62\" data-id=\"ac25a62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fd8a0d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fd8a0d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"35254\" class=\"elementor elementor-35254\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6982fe3f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"6982fe3f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5ed26310\" data-id=\"5ed26310\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3025afc8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"3025afc8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-8071\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-8071\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\" class=\"elementor-toggle-title\">Kinh Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee5ng Nikaya<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-8071\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-8071\"><p>N\u1ed9i dung kinh ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/p><ul><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-tieu-tung\/#ftoc-heading-2\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">I. Tam Quy (Saranattaya)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-tieu-tung\/#ftoc-heading-3\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">II. Th\u1eadp Gi\u1edbi (Dasasikkh\u00e0pada)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-tieu-tung\/#ftoc-heading-4\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">III. Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i Hai Ph\u1ea7n (Dvattims\u00e0k\u00e0ra)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-tieu-tung\/#ftoc-heading-5\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">IV. Nam T\u1eed H\u1ecfi \u00d0\u1ea1o (Kum\u00e0rapanha)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-tieu-tung\/#ftoc-heading-6\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">V. Kinh \u00d0i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh (Mangala Sutta)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-tieu-tung\/#ftoc-heading-7\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">VI. Kinh Ch\u00e2u B\u00e1u (Ratana Sutta)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-tieu-tung\/#ftoc-heading-8\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">VII. Kinh Ngo\u00e0i B\u1ee9c T\u01b0\u1eddng (Tirokudda Sutta)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-tieu-tung\/#ftoc-heading-9\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">VIII. Kinh B\u1ea3o T\u00e0ng (Nidhikanda Sutta)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/21\/kinh-tieu-tung\/#ftoc-heading-10\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">IX. Kinh L\u00f2ng T\u1eeb (Mett\u00e0 Sutta)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ul><p><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/19\/kinh-tieu-tung-song-ngu-viet-anh\/\">Kinh ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee5ng song ng\u1eef Vi\u1ec7t &#8211; Anh<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-8072\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-8072\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\" class=\"elementor-toggle-title\">Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-8072\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-8072\"><header><h3>Contents<\/h3><\/header><p><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/17\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p1\/#ftoc-heading-1\">CH\u00da GI\u1ea2I TI\u1ec2U T\u1ee4NG (KHUDDAKAP\u0100THA ATTHAKATH\u0100)<\/a><\/p><ol><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/17\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p1\/#ftoc-heading-2\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng I\u00a0\u0110o\u1ea1n I \u2013 NH\u1eacP \u0110\u1ec0<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/17\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p1\/#ftoc-heading-3\">CH\u01af\u01a0NG II\u00a0TH\u1eacP GI\u1edaI<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/17\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p1\/#ftoc-heading-4\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng III\u00a0BA M\u01af\u01a0I HAI TH\u1ec2<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/17\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p2\/#ftoc-heading-3\">\u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV NAM T\u1eec H\u1eceI \u0110\u1ea0O<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/17\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p2\/#ftoc-heading-4\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V KINH \u0110I\u1ec0M L\u00c0NH (Mangalasuttam)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/18\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p3\/#ftoc-heading-3\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VI KINH CH\u00c2U B\u00c1U (Ratanasutta\u1e43)<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/18\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p3\/#ftoc-heading-4\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VII KINH NGO\u00c0I B\u1ee8C T\u01af\u1edcNG(Tiroku\u1e0d\u1e0dasuttam<\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/18\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p4\/#ftoc-heading-3\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng VIII KINH B\u1ea2O T\u00c0NG (Nidhikhandasuttam)<\/span><\/a><\/li><li class=\"ftwp-item\"><a class=\"ftwp-anchor\" href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/18\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p4\/#ftoc-heading-4\"><span class=\"ftwp-text\">Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IX KINH T\u1eea T\u00c2M (Metta-suttam)<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kinh Ti\\u1ec3u t\\u1ee5ng Nikaya\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<p>N\\u1ed9i dung kinh ti\\u1ebfng Vi\\u1ec7t<\\\/p><ul><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/21\\\/kinh-tieu-tung\\\/#ftoc-heading-2\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">I. Tam Quy (Saranattaya)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/21\\\/kinh-tieu-tung\\\/#ftoc-heading-3\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">II. Th\\u1eadp Gi\\u1edbi (Dasasikkh\\u00e0pada)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/21\\\/kinh-tieu-tung\\\/#ftoc-heading-4\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">III. Ba M\\u01b0\\u01a1i Hai Ph\\u1ea7n (Dvattims\\u00e0k\\u00e0ra)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/21\\\/kinh-tieu-tung\\\/#ftoc-heading-5\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">IV. Nam T\\u1eed H\\u1ecfi \\u00d0\\u1ea1o (Kum\\u00e0rapanha)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/21\\\/kinh-tieu-tung\\\/#ftoc-heading-6\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">V. Kinh \\u00d0i\\u1ec1m L\\u00e0nh (Mangala Sutta)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/21\\\/kinh-tieu-tung\\\/#ftoc-heading-7\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">VI. Kinh Ch\\u00e2u B\\u00e1u (Ratana Sutta)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/21\\\/kinh-tieu-tung\\\/#ftoc-heading-8\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">VII. Kinh Ngo\\u00e0i B\\u1ee9c T\\u01b0\\u1eddng (Tirokudda Sutta)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/21\\\/kinh-tieu-tung\\\/#ftoc-heading-9\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">VIII. Kinh B\\u1ea3o T\\u00e0ng (Nidhikanda Sutta)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/21\\\/kinh-tieu-tung\\\/#ftoc-heading-10\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">IX. Kinh L\\u00f2ng T\\u1eeb (Mett\\u00e0 Sutta)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><\\\/ul><p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/19\\\/kinh-tieu-tung-song-ngu-viet-anh\\\/\\\">Kinh ti\\u1ec3u t\\u1ee5ng song ng\\u1eef Vi\\u1ec7t &#8211; Anh<\\\/a><\\\/p>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ph\\u1ea7n gi\\u1ea3ng gi\\u1ea3i\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<header><h3>Contents<\\\/h3><\\\/header><p><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/17\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p1\\\/#ftoc-heading-1\\\">CH\\u00da GI\\u1ea2I TI\\u1ec2U T\\u1ee4NG (KHUDDAKAP\\u0100THA ATTHAKATH\\u0100)<\\\/a><\\\/p><ol><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/17\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p1\\\/#ftoc-heading-2\\\">Ch\\u01b0\\u01a1ng I\\u00a0\\u0110o\\u1ea1n I \\u2013 NH\\u1eacP \\u0110\\u1ec0<\\\/a><\\\/li><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/17\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p1\\\/#ftoc-heading-3\\\">CH\\u01af\\u01a0NG II\\u00a0TH\\u1eacP GI\\u1edaI<\\\/a><\\\/li><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/17\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p1\\\/#ftoc-heading-4\\\">Ch\\u01b0\\u01a1ng III\\u00a0BA M\\u01af\\u01a0I HAI TH\\u1ec2<\\\/a><\\\/li><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/17\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p2\\\/#ftoc-heading-3\\\">\\u00a0Ch\\u01b0\\u01a1ng IV NAM T\\u1eec H\\u1eceI \\u0110\\u1ea0O<\\\/a><\\\/li><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/17\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p2\\\/#ftoc-heading-4\\\">Ch\\u01b0\\u01a1ng V KINH \\u0110I\\u1ec0M L\\u00c0NH (Mangalasuttam)<\\\/a><\\\/li><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/18\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p3\\\/#ftoc-heading-3\\\">Ch\\u01b0\\u01a1ng VI KINH CH\\u00c2U B\\u00c1U (Ratanasutta\\u1e43)<\\\/a><\\\/li><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/18\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p3\\\/#ftoc-heading-4\\\">Ch\\u01b0\\u01a1ng VII KINH NGO\\u00c0I B\\u1ee8C T\\u01af\\u1edcNG(Tiroku\\u1e0d\\u1e0dasuttam<\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/18\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p4\\\/#ftoc-heading-3\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">Ch\\u01b0\\u01a1ng VIII KINH B\\u1ea2O T\\u00c0NG (Nidhikhandasuttam)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"ftwp-item\\\"><a class=\\\"ftwp-anchor\\\" href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/18\\\/chu-giai-tieu-tung-khuddakapatha-atthakatha-p4\\\/#ftoc-heading-4\\\"><span class=\\\"ftwp-text\\\">Ch\\u01b0\\u01a1ng IX KINH T\\u1eea T\\u00c2M (Metta-suttam)<\\\/span><\\\/a><\\\/li><\\\/ol>\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9df9179\" data-id=\"9df9179\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c0aeaaf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5c0aeaaf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2>\u00a0<strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV<\/strong> <strong>NAM T\u1eec H\u1eceI \u0110\u1ea0O<\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><br><em>(Kum\u0101rapanham)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Nam T\u1eed H\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u [v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb]<em>M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/em>&nbsp;Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch sau khi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn Nhu C\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p sanh&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn1\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;[\u0111\u1ec3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi n\u00e0y] v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00ec [v\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 trong Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee5ng].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2. Nhu C\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u00ean l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>Sop\u0101ka.&nbsp;<\/em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn2\">[2]<\/a>chung cu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00ean b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y sanh. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n cho ph\u00e9p ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecd c\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o trong T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cho ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn3\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a, m\u00e0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) c\u00f3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi. [<strong>76<\/strong>] V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb:&nbsp;<em>M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/em>&nbsp;Nam t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u1eadu. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghi th\u1ee9c th\u1ecd th\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y tu ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh [n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh]b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ni\u1ec7m t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn Quy Y Tam B\u1ea3o (Ch. I) v\u00e0 tu ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi cho m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc (Ch. II) v\u00e0 tu ti\u1ebfn ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch d\u01b0\u1edbi ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i Hai Th\u1ec3. (Ch. III) v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y (n\u01a1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ch\u00fang c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee5ng] \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u00f3 ta hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu ti\u1ebfn, hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, tu\u1ec7 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan kh\u00e9o an tr\u00fa trong gi\u1edbi<br>Tu ti\u1ebfn t\u00e2m v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7.\u2019(S.<\/em>i. 13;&nbsp;<em>Vis.<\/em>&nbsp;tr.1)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y gi\u1edbi ra l\u00e0m sao, v\u00e0 Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i Hai th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebf s\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecbnh.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn4\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a ra.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i [v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>I.&nbsp;<em>[Eke n\u0101ma kim? Sabbe Satt\u0101 \u0101h\u0101ratthitik\u0101]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t? M\u1ecdi Lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd th\u1ee9c \u0103n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecfi&nbsp;<em>m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?&nbsp;<\/em>Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, nh\u1edd ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5, ho\u1eb7c [m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p], nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c ly tham nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn5\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;n\u00e0y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5. V\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi:&nbsp;<em>M\u1ecdi Lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c<\/em>.Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady [t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng] ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft gi\u1ea3ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn6\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111ang khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i Kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018<em>Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o L\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh Ni\u1ec7m?<\/em>\u2019 \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111ang ni\u1ec7m th\u00e2n trong th\u00e2n,\u2019 (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 313) \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn7\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6. [Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf] nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u2018<em>m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady<\/em>? l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o mi\u1ec7ng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u2018t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1edd v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c; v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 \u00fd n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u2018m\u1ed9t\u2019 cho d\u00f9 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u2018ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf trong C\u1ed9ng \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1eddi, ph\u00e0m t\u1ee5c [l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y thu\u1ed9c tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c m\u00f4n ph\u00e1i b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i] li\u1ec7u c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u2018m\u1ed9t\u2019 n\u00e0o n\u1eefa hay kh\u00f4ng? [<strong>77<\/strong>] V\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p, khi tham d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n phai nh\u1ea1t, khi v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, khi v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft th\u00fac ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn8\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111au kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c: khi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ly tham v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y&#8230; ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230; s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i [tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3]nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018M\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u2019 (<em>A.<\/em>v. 50-1). V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, [\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3] \u2018t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c\u2019, v\u00ec m\u1ed9t duy\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018th\u1ee9c \u0103n\u2019 hay l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u2019 trong nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, lu\u00f4n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbng s\u1eafc\u2019. Vi\u1ec7c tu luy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e9o t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c khi\u1ebfn cho tham v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c ch\u01b0a sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh kh\u1edfi (<em>S.<\/em>&nbsp;v.64) Khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u2018v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c\u2019ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u2018nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n\u2019 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 [to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh] t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd c\u00e1c \u2018nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n\u2019, th\u1ebf n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi n\u00f3i \u2018t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu \u2018t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c\u2019 [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0] li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u2018t\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c\u2019,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn9\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;th\u00ec t\u1eeb \u2018to\u00e0n b\u1ed9\u2019 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u00ec l\u00fd do ta c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n sau: \u2018c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n (root-cause-less)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn10\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 x\u00fac, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ecd.\u2019 (<em>Vbh.&nbsp;<\/em>4519). \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ta \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00e2u h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng duy\u00ean l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?\u2019 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, s\u1eafc u\u1ea9n, th\u1ecd u\u1ea9n, t\u01b0\u1edfng u\u1ea9n, h\u00e0nh u\u1ea9n v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c u\u1ea9n (<em>Dhs.<\/em>1083) s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh.- ta kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.- T\u1ea1i sao kh\u00f4ng? V\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh , c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn11\">[11]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.; v\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh n\u1ea7y \u0111\u00e2y [t\u1eeb ch\u00fang sanh] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u2013 T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? \u2013 v\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn12\">[12]<\/a>&#8211; B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o v\u1eady? &#8211; Gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u2018ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng\u2019 l\u00e0 \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn13\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;khi c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ba ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 trong l\u00e0ng b\u1ecb ho\u1ea3 ho\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u2018ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u00e1y\u2019 v\u00ec \u2018ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng\u2019 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u1eady, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u2018ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 v\u1eady, c\u0169ng v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u2018c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (thi\u1ebfu nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n] [<strong>78<\/strong>]. V\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u0169ng v\u1eady. Ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb \u2018c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh\u2019 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp khi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i: \u2018\u0110ang khi c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u1edfi sanh v\u00e0 gi\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1eebng s\u00e1t na m\u1ed9t, th\u00ec h\u1ee1i ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi sanh, gi\u00e0 theo ng\u00e0y th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ebft.\u2019 . K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u2018m\u1ed9t\u2019 (<em>ekam)&nbsp;<\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y [c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0] duy\u00ean, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c\u2019 hay \u2018ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng\u2019 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh l\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>8. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hay s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u1edd v\u00e0o v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 ta ly tham m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00ec do kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a [v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c]. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ly tham b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh cho r\u1eb1ng \u2018to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh\u2019 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u00d4i m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<br>ch\u00ednh v\u1eady khi quan s\u00e1t (v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng) b\u1eb1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<br>ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ly d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec1m \u1ea9n n\u01a1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5;<br>con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y ch\u1eafc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh\u2019 Dh.&nbsp;<\/em>277)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>9. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ta l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u2018<em>Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o L\u00e0 M\u1ed9t<\/em>?\u2019 (<em>ekam m\u0101ama kim)&nbsp;<\/em>ta c\u00f3 hai c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y: t\u1ee9c l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>kim&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0<em>&nbsp;ki ha.&nbsp;<\/em>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Sinhale \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>ki ha;&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00ec h\u1ecd n\u00f3i \u2018<em>ki ha\u2019<\/em>&nbsp;khi \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i n\u00f3i l\u00e0 \u2018<em>kim\u2019.&nbsp;<\/em>M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u1ef1\u1eddi l\u1ea1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng \u2018<em>ha\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb\u2019 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i v\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn14\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c V\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nhau trong c\u1ea3 hai tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p, v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00f9y theo c\u00e1ch \u00e1m ch\u1ec9. V\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1eefa [gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0]trong c\u00e2u \u2018<em>Sukkhena phutth\u0101 atha v\u0101 dukkhena\u2019 (<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn ai \u0111\u00f3\u2019:&nbsp;<em>Dh.&nbsp;<\/em>83) v\u00e0 \u2018<em>dukkham domassam patisanvedeti\u2019 (<\/em>h\u1eafn c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn v\u00e0 bu\u1ed3n kh\u1ed5\u2019: (M. I. 313), trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018<em>dukkham\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;<em>\u2018dukam\u2019,&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u00f3 l\u00fac th\u00ec d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u2018<em>eka\u2019,&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00f4i khi l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng \u2018<em>ekam\u2019;&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng v\u1eady ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>ekam n\u0101ma.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>II-&nbsp;<em>[Dve n\u0101ma kim? N\u0101ma\u00f1 ca r\u016bpa\u00f1 ca.]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 hai? Danh v\u00e0 S\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>10. V\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra, b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>Hai ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/em>&nbsp;Gi\u1ed1ng y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>11. \u0110ang khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 [con s\u1ed1] \u2018hai\u2019, v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p ngay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>Danh v\u00e0 S\u1eafc,&nbsp;<\/em>[s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng] ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>12. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec h\u00e0nh vi c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng (<em>namana &#8211;&nbsp;<\/em>C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, suy ngh\u0129&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn15\">[15]<\/a>) h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n cho xu h\u01b0\u1edbng (<em>nati \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, [suy ngh\u0129] c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m, to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 [<strong>79<\/strong>] nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng phi s\u1eafc (<em>ar\u016bpa)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018Danh\u2019 (<em>n\u0101ma);&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e1p b\u1ecb c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn [kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c si\u00eau th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00f4 l\u1eadu] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean cho h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ly tham.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>13. B\u1ed1n S\u1eafc \u0110\u1ea1i Hi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0o b\u1ed1n s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec3n \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi chung l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1eafc\u2019 (=<em>r\u016bpa)&nbsp;<\/em>hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng \u0111i&nbsp;<em>(ruppana).<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn16\">[16]<\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em>V\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>14. V\u00e0 theo nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u2018c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p, \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018<em>Danh v\u00e0 S\u1eafc\u2019<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng hai \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, theo nh\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ly tham v\u1edbi hai ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y]. Hai ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? Danh v\u00e0 S\u1eafc: khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ly tham v\u1edbi hai ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y&#8230; ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y]. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn [tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3:] hai c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, hai c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u2019 (<em>A.<\/em>&nbsp;v. 51).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>15. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ly tham th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4n [bao g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t m\u00f4n] vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 Ng\u00e3 (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Vis.<\/em>Ch. xxi \u00a7\u00a7 66\/ tr. 657), do \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e3 Ki\u1ebfn th\u00f4ng qua qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu duy ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 Danh v\u00e0 S\u1eafc m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c thanh t\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. Nh\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u00e0nh k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018[V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i,] v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p:<br>\u2018 v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ng\u00e0i th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y,<br>\u2018ng\u00e0i nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi,<br>\u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o.\u2019 (Dh.&nbsp;<\/em>279)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>III-&nbsp;<em>[T\u012bni n\u0101ma kim? Tisso vedan\u0101.]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 Ba? \u2013 Ba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>16. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, sau khi b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba n\u00eau l\u00ean, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c.&nbsp;<em>Ba ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?&nbsp;<\/em>Theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>17. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u [s\u1ed1] \u2018ba\u2019 [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb trung t\u00ednh \u2018<em>t\u012bni\u2019] v<\/em>\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>Ba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd,&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb con s\u1ed1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn17\">[17]<\/a>&nbsp;(<em>tisso)&nbsp;<\/em>\u1edf d\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i cho th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Hay ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y theo ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u0111\u1ec3 cho th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u2018 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng [t\u1eeb ng\u1eef] \u201cs\u1ed1 ba\u201d (<em>t\u012bni)&nbsp;<\/em>\u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb sau: \u201cBa (<em>tisso)&nbsp;<\/em>lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd\u201d (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 204)\u2019 v\u00ec c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng tinh th\u00f4ng trong kinh b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ec7 nh\u00e2n t\u00edch.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn18\">[18]<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>t\u012bni (<\/em>s\u1ed1 ba) l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>18. V\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb \u201cba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i (\u00a7\u00a76, 13), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng ba \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ba ph\u00e1p. Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y] Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ba lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd: khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ly tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi ba ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y. . .ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y] Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i [\u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3] ba c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ba c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9, v\u00e0 ba c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u2019 (<em>A.<\/em>v. 51)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>19. [<strong>80<\/strong>] V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ly d\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng qua m\u00f4n [gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t g\u1ed3m] qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf (\u0111au kh\u1ed5), \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb l\u1ea1c th\u00f4ng qua th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111au kh\u1ed5. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb trong \u0111o\u1ea1n \u2018B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111au kh\u1ed5 m\u00e0 ra\u2019 (<em>S.<\/em>&nbsp;ii, 53; iv. 216) ho\u1eb7c theo [ba c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ebf, \u0111au kh\u1ed5 do \u00e1i d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 ra, v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 do ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 ra. (<em>S.<\/em>&nbsp;iv. 259) nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong \u0111o\u1ea1n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai th\u1ea5y l\u1ea1c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5,<br>th\u1ea5y \u0111au kh\u1ed5 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t m\u0169i t\u00ean,<br>nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng phi l\u1ea1c phi kh\u1ed5.<br>[bao gi\u1edd] c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i&#8230;&nbsp;<\/em>(<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 207]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc thanh t\u1ecbnh hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018[v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i] m\u1ecdi ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5:<br>\u2018ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<br>v\u1edbi tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: th\u00ec nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n \u0111au kh\u1ed5.<br>L\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u2019 (Dhs.&nbsp;<\/em>278)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>IV &#8211;&nbsp;<em>[Cat\u0101ari n\u0101ma kim? Catt\u0101ri ariyasacc\u0101ni]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 B\u1ed1n? \u2013 B\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>20. R\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa nh\u01b0 sau:<em>&nbsp;B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/em>&nbsp;Theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>21. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y trong vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y theo nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 (\u00a7\u00a7 6, 13), theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p&#8230; ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac). B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? T\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p&#8230;. ng\u00e0i ch<em>\u1ea5<\/em>m d<em>\u1ee9<\/em>t m\u1ecd<em>i&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111au kh\u1ed5[m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac]. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn [tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3]: \u201cKhi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p&#8230; ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ch<em>\u1ea5<\/em>m d<em>\u1ee9<\/em>t m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac], v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u00ean ng\u00e0i (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i [tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3:] B\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb, b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 52); nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c, b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9 [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u] l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 tu ti\u1ebfn ch\u00fang trong t\u00e2m, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5, theo nh\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Ni Kajangal<em>\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018n\u00e0y ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb , khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u tu ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh&#8230;. sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 k\u1ebft th\u00fac nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o [m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi l\u00fac]. [<strong>81<\/strong>] B\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ni\u1ec7m x\u1ee9: khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tu ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y.. . trong t\u00e2m r\u1ed3i v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, m\u1ecdi l\u00fac]. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb, b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>v.56) Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho [s\u1ed1] \u2018b\u1ed1n\u2019 v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf,&nbsp;<\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng su\u1ed1t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00ec ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb m\u1ecdi \u00e1i h\u1eefu, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn19\">[19]<\/a>&nbsp;khi ta tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>22. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, [con s\u1ed1] \u2018b\u1ed1n\u2019 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh ranh gi\u1edbi nh\u1edd v\u00e0o con s\u1ed1.&nbsp;<em>Nh\u1eefng Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf: (ariyasacc\u0101ni= ariy\u0101ni sacc\u0101ni(<\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p); \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 [t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y] ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng h\u00e3o huy\u1ec1n, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec [t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n], ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018<em>T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf.\u2019<\/em>&nbsp;Nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft: N\u1ea7y c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, b\u1ed1n Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1eadt, ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ch\u00fang th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf(S. v. 435). Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt To\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n&nbsp;<em>(ariy\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 th\u1ebf gian k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 (<em>aran\u012bya)<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn20\">[20]<\/a>nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1eed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch x\u00e1c th\u1ef1c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn21\">[21]<\/a>&nbsp;ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. -, hay v\u00ec [c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y] t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng d\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u (ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh) nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (<em>aye iriyanato)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng m\u1ecdi c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u (kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (<em>anaye na iriyanato:&nbsp;<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 21), ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfn th\u00e2n cho ba m\u01b0\u01a1i b\u1ea3y th\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p (<em>ariya)&nbsp;<\/em>thu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf\u201d (<em>ariya-sacc\u0101ni), theo&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u2018h\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c,: [\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf, Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5, v\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5] th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee9 di\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n l\u00fd n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf\u2019 (<em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc S.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 425; Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o Ch. xvi \u00a7\u00a720\/tr. 495). V\u00e0 h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd v\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt theo nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 thi\u00ean gi\u1edbi&#8230; Nh\u01b0 Lai (<em>Tath\u0101gata) c<\/em>h\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf\u2019 (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 435). Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf c\u0169ng do b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00e1nh h\u1ea1nh th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra ch\u00fang, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, ch\u00ednh do vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018B\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n, v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c.\u2019 (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 433) \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>23. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh do vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf n\u00e0y [<strong>82<\/strong>] m\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1i h\u1eefu. Theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra kh\u1ed5 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u00f3, khi kh\u1ed5 t\u1eadp th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf&#8230;. khi di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf&#8230;.khi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra v\u00e0 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u00ec \u00e1i h\u1eefu b\u1ecb c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sanh h\u1eefu s\u1ebd c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sanh n\u1eefa. (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 432)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V-&nbsp;<em>[Pa\u00f1ca n\u0101ma kim? Pa\u00f1c\u016bp\u0101d\u0101nakkhandh\u0101]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf N\u00e0o l\u00e0 N\u0103m? &#8211; N\u0103m Th\u1ee7 U\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>24. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf sau khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra th\u00eam m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa,&nbsp;<em>N\u0103m ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?&nbsp;<\/em>c\u0169ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>25. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi [c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1] \u2018n\u0103m\u2019 V\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u201c<em>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ng\u0169 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>26. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, con s\u1ed1 \u2018n\u0103m\u2019&nbsp;<em>(pa\u00f1ca)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo con s\u1ed1.&nbsp;<em>C\u00e1c th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n (up\u0101d\u0101nakkhand\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 ra. Hay c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t sinh ra ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn22\">[22]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i s\u1eafc n\u00e0o&#8230; th\u1ecd n\u00e0o&#8230; t\u01b0\u1edfng&#8230; h\u00e0nh&#8230; th\u1ee9c&#8230; ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng do c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0 ra l\u00e0 do ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 47).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>27. V\u00e0 \u2018ng\u0169 th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra (\u00a76, 13), kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c, theo nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ly d\u1ee5c n\u0103m ph\u00e1p&#8230;. ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y]. N\u0103m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m th\u1ee7 u\u1ea9n: Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ly tham n\u0103m ph\u00e1p&#8230;. V\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y.] Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: n\u0103m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u0103m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 52).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>28. V\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn23\">[23]<\/a>ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n do ch\u00fang sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed N\u00edp B\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n. Theo nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt)\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n\u2019<br>\u2018 sanh l\u00ean r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i di\u1ec7t,<br>\u2018t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng<br>\u2018th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t t\u1eed.\u2019 (Dh.&nbsp;<\/em>374)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>VI &#8211;&nbsp;<em>[Cha n\u0101ma kim? Cha ajjhattik\u0101ani \u0101yatan\u0101n\u0101ni]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 S\u00e1u? \u2013 S\u00e1u N\u1ed9i X\u1ee9<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>29. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf sau khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra, b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 sau:&nbsp;<em>S\u00e1u ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?&nbsp;<\/em>C\u0169ng c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>30. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1) s\u00e1u v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>31. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y,&nbsp;<em>con s\u1ed1 s\u00e1u<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>cha<\/em>) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh theo con s\u1ed1. Ch\u00fang li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n m\u00ecnh\u2019 (<em>ajjhatte niytt\u0101ni: xin&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ecdc Panani, iv. 69) v\u00e0 x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 ri\u00eang ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i ph\u1ea7n (<em>ajjhattika).&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00fang l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng&nbsp;<em>(\u0101yatan\u0101ni) v\u00ec d<\/em>o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 (<em>\u0101yatanato).&nbsp;<\/em>V\u00ec ch\u00fang thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea1m vi ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c (<em>\u0101yatanato),&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9ng (<em>\u0101yatassa&#8230;. nayanato)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111au kh\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i (t\u00e1i sanh)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn24\">[24]<\/a>&nbsp;[<strong>83<\/strong>] \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh c\u1ee7a m\u1eaft, tai, m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>32. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00eau ra \u1edf tr\u00ean (\u00a7\u00a76, 13) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do thi\u1ebfu s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, theo nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ly tham s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y&#8230; th\u00ec ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y]. S\u00e1u ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? S\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9: Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p&#8230;v\u1ecb \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y]. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3: s\u00e1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, s\u00e1u c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 s\u00e1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi\u2019. (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 52).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>33. V\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ly tham b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn ra (s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 r\u1ed7ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u2018ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng tr\u1ed1ng v\u1eafng: \u201ch\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 v\u1eady. (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 174) [v\u00e0 do nh\u1eadn ra s\u00e1u n\u1ed9i x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y] l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng v\u00e0 l\u1eeba d\u1ed1i, do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng bong b\u00f3ng. \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh, v.v&#8230; cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua t\u1ea7m nh\u1eafm c\u1ee7a T\u1eed Th\u1ea7n. Theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018V\u00e0 ai nh\u00ecn tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y\u2019<br>\u2018t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 to\u00e0n bong b\u00f3ng ph\u1eadp ph\u1ed3ng,<br>v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u1ea3o \u1ea3nh,<br>&nbsp;s\u1ebd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi v\u00f2ng nh\u1eafm t\u1eed th\u1ea7n. (Dh.&nbsp;<\/em>170)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>VII &#8211;&nbsp;<em>[Satta n\u0101ma kim? Satta bojhang\u0101]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y? \u2013 B\u1ea3y Gi\u00e1c Chi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>34. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf sau khi c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ra, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa,&nbsp;<em>B\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>35. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y cho d\u00f9 b\u1ea3y th\u1ee9c tr\u00fa&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn25\">[25]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ch\u00e1nh Kinh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>V. 53), tuy nhi\u00ean ng\u00e0i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi, cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng tu ti\u1ebfn trong t\u00e2m b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb gia ch\u1ee7, T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Ni Kajangal<em>\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tri\u1ebft v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni Kajangal<em>\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u00ed Tu\u1ec7. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Ni Kajangal<em>\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1eady.\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 58-9), [<strong>84<\/strong>], T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Ni Kajangal<em>\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, khi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 tu ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh&#8230; ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi: khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u tu ti\u1ebfn trong t\u00e2m m\u00ecnh b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n: \u2018b\u1ea3y c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, b\u1ea3y c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 57) \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>36. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y con s\u1ed1 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u00edt h\u01a1n hay nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o. Th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh trong nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ni\u1ec7m. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb. (1) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 gi\u1eefa b\u1ea3y ph\u00e1p ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0: ni\u1ec7m, tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p, tinh ti\u1ebfn, h\u1ef7, khinh an, \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh x\u1ea3, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea1m b\u1eaby g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 trong bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt, \u0111\u00ecnh tr\u1ec7, v\u00e0 ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i (b\u1ecf b\u00ea v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i lo\u1ea1n) \u0111am m\u00ea d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ebfn. V\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ngay s\u00e1t na \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ebf. (xin \u0111\u1ecdc Sutta 117) m\u1ed9t Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 (<em>bujjhati)&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 (<em>bodhi) &#8211;&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c l\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u01a1n m\u00ea ng\u1ee7 tri\u1ec1n mi\u00ean n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp T\u1ee9 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t \u2013 theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: V\u1ecb n\u00e0o kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu ti\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi\u2019 (<em>D.<\/em>&nbsp;iii. 101) (2) B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 (<em>bujjhati),&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (1) ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c chi (<em>bojjh-anga)<\/em>&nbsp;ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 \u2018<em>Gi\u00e1c ngo<\/em>\u2019 (<em>bodhi),<\/em>&nbsp;theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch: t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00e1c chi thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c chi \u0111\u1ea1o, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c chi v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00e1n cho m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb r\u1ea5t th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9\u2019 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eady, hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 tinh th\u00f4ng, v.v&#8230; h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb gi\u00e1c chi ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong t\u1eadp V\u00f4 Ng\u1ea1i Gi\u1ea3i \u0110\u1ea1o (Patisambhid<em>\u0101magga) nh<\/em>\u01b0 sau: \u2018C\u00e1c gi\u00e1c chi\u2019 \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u2018gi\u00e1c chi\u2019? t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00fang d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1c chi; ch\u00fang duy tr\u00ec t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3 m\u1eb7c cho gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1c chi. (<em>Ps.<\/em>&nbsp;ii. 115)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>37. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu ti\u1ebfn th\u1ea5t gi\u00e1c chi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u00fang n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n, v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed s\u1edbm chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y. [<strong>85<\/strong>] v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, b\u1ea3y gi\u00e1c chi, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu luy\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n. Ly tham d\u1ee5c, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbch t\u1ecbnh, th\u1eafng tr\u00ed, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>VIII &#8211;&nbsp;<em>[A\u1e6d\u1e6dha n\u0101ma kim? Ariyo a\u1e6d\u1e6dhangiko maggo]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 T\u00e1m? \u2013 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e1m ng\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>38. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra, B\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp theo nh\u01b0 sau:&nbsp;<em>T\u00e1m Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>39. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y cho d\u00f9 t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian [c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, l\u1ee3i l\u1ed9c, danh v\u1ecdng, khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong Ch\u00e1nh kinh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (<em>A.<\/em>&nbsp;v. 53), tuy nhi\u00ean V\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o (hay l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o T\u00e1m ng\u00e0nh),&nbsp;<\/em>cho th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o ngo\u00e0i t\u00e1m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e1m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, m\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00ednh tinh th\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a khi ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay v\u00ec n\u00f3i \u2018B\u00e1t Chi Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o\u2019. V\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh, theo nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 gia nh\u00e2n, T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Ni Kajangal<em>\u0101 &#8230;&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 th\u00f4ng minh, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ecfi ta \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hay sao, ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u Ni Kajangal<em>\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1eady. (<em>A<\/em>.v 58-9<em>)&nbsp;<\/em>T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 tu ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh&#8230; ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. [T\u00e1m ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o: khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 tu ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y trong t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018T\u00e1m c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, t\u00e1m c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u00e0 t\u00e1m c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u2019&nbsp;<em>(A.<\/em>&nbsp;v. 57) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>40. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u2018B\u1eadc th\u00e1nh\u2019 (<em>ariya)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn26\">[26]<\/a>&nbsp;nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa t\u1eeb \u2018b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh\u2019 (ariya) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1eeb xa (<em>\u0101raka)<\/em>&nbsp;kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng Phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 21) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u2018l\u00fd do ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3\u2019. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1m chi, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1m ng\u00e0nh \u2018(\u2018t\u00e1m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1\u2019); v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn27\">[27]<\/a>&nbsp;ri\u00eang r\u1ebd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng n\u00e0o nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u2018qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1.\u2019 hay \u2018\u00e2m nh\u1ea1c c\u00f3 n\u0103m th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1.\u2019 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng t\u00ecm ra (<em>maggati)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. Hay ch\u00ednh t\u1ef1 Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 v\u1ea1ch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ho\u1eb7c Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh di\u1ec7t (<em>m\u0101rento gacchati),&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1o (ph\u1ea3i theo).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>41. M\u1ed9t T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u tu ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o g\u1ed3m t\u00e1m chi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh t\u00e1m th\u00e0nh t\u1ed1. [<strong>85<\/strong>] Di\u1ec7t v\u00f4 minh, t\u1ea1o ra Minh, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cH\u1ee1i ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 r\u00e2u m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o hay c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1t l\u00faa m\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngay th\u1eb3ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e9p b\u1eb1ng tay hay b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e2n, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tay hay ch\u00e2n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb x\u00e2y s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y m\u00e1u \u2013 T\u1ea1i sao th\u1ebf? V\u00ec r\u00e2u h\u1ea1t g\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0m r\u1edbm m\u00e1u tay ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. \u2013 T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? V\u00ec r\u00e2u h\u1ea1t l\u00faa hay h\u1ea1t l\u00faa m\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u2013 v\u00ec th\u1ebf cho n\u00ean, \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1edbi tu ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u s\u1ebd di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh, khi\u1ebfn cho minh sanh kh\u1edfi, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t\u2019&nbsp;<em>(S.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 10-1= 48-9; xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>i<em>.&nbsp;<\/em>8).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>IX-&nbsp;<em>[Nava n\u0101ma kim? Nava satt\u0101v\u0101s\u0101]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 ch\u00edn? \u2013 Ch\u00edn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>42. V\u00ec th\u1ebf B\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ti\u1ebfp nh\u01b0 sau:&nbsp;<em>ch\u00edn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>43. Tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi (c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi s\u1ed1) ch\u00edn, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i: \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00edn h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u01b0.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>44.\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ed1 ch\u00edn, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1.&nbsp;<em>C\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh:<\/em>[\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0] ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 h\u01a1i k\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1eafn k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ea1ng quy\u1ec1n, \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. [C\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh] c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5.&nbsp;<em>N\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh (<\/em>h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u01b0<em>):satt\u0101v\u0101s\u0101 = satt\u0101nam \u0101v\u0101s\u0101 (<\/em>quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng chung c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Nh\u01b0ng theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh danh c\u1ee7a ch\u00edn lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, theo nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fang sanh v\u1edbi th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u0169ng kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang sanh n\u01a1i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c n\u01a1i th\u00e2n v\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0: c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 Thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean [nh\u01b0 v\u1eady]&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn28\">[28]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. C\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi th\u00e2n, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Quang \u00e2m thi\u00ean&nbsp;<em>\u0100bhassara (<\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng): \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nhau v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0: c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Bi\u1ebfn t\u1ecbnh thi\u00ean&nbsp;<em>Subhakinna<\/em>&nbsp;(t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ch\u00f3i lo\u00e0 \u00e1nh vinh quang); \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh; l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tu\u1edfng, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecd, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi v\u00f4 tu\u1edfng: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 n\u0103m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng s\u1eafc t\u01b0\u1edfng [c\u1ea3 khi nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i ng\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nhau. [nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c] h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng] [<strong>87<\/strong>] v\u00f4 bi\u00ean\u2019 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t g\u1ed3m H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh, [nh\u1edd kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n H\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9. [l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c] \u201cth\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9. \u0110\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. L\u1ea1i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh [kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 bi\u00ean x\u1ee9,] l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec c\u1ea3\u2019 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9; \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00f4 s\u1edf h\u1eefu x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean bao g\u1ed3m phi tu\u1edfng v\u00e0 phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng x\u1ee9. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh. (<em>D.<\/em>&nbsp;iii. 263).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>45. V\u00e0 c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb: \u2018ch\u00edn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra (\u00a7\u00a76, 14) kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt: \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u1edbi ch\u00edn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3&#8230;. ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y]. ch\u00edn ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? Ch\u00edn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh: khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ly tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00edn ph\u00e1p&#8230; th\u00ec ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 [t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y]. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn [tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3] nh\u01b0 sau: ch\u00edn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, ch\u00ednh bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 ch\u00edn c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 53).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>46. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u2018Ch\u00edn ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c am t\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Ch\u00edn ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o th\u1ebf? Ch\u00edn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh\u2019 (<em>D.<\/em>iii. 288) ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ly d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u00edn n\u01a1i \u1edf c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tri ki\u1ebfn&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn29\">[29]<\/a>&nbsp;n\u01a1i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng thu\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, t\u1ecbnh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e3, th\u00f4ng qua tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn tri nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn30\">[30]<\/a>&nbsp;Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd bi\u1ebfn tham d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh phai t\u00e0n \u0111i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng [n\u01a1i ch\u00fang] tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t do qu\u00e1n kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o [v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang]v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n s\u1ef1 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t [c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang] do qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec [th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng qua bi\u1ebfn tri nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111au kh\u1ed5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn31\">[31]<\/a>&nbsp;Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng [l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady] th\u00f4ng qua bi\u1ebfn tri nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb [t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.] Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ch\u00edn ph\u00e1p. . . ng\u00e0i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Ch\u00edn \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1eady? l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u00edn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh\u2019<em>(A.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 53)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>X &#8211;&nbsp;<em>[Dasa n\u0101ma kim? Dasah\u2019angehi samannn\u0101gato arah\u0101 ti pavuccati.]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi? &#8211; Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>47. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf B\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) t\u1ecf ra h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, li\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1c&nbsp;<em>M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>48. Trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi tr\u01b0\u1edbc kia kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y, M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o (Th\u00e2n: s\u00e1t sanh, tr\u1ed9m c\u1eafp, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m. Kh\u1ea9u: n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i, n\u00f3i d\u00e2m th\u1ecdc, ch\u01b0\u1edfi r\u1ee7a, n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c. \u00dd: tham, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Theo nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ly tham \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p&#8230; th\u00ec ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y. M\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p g\u00ec v\u1eady? M\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o: khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ly tham ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y&#8230;. [<strong>88<\/strong>] th\u00ec ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ngay t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean: m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb, v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi.\u2019&nbsp;<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 54). Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf nay, ng\u00e0i khi d\u00f9ng l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y v\u1edbi c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u1ea1i&nbsp;<em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00e1nh \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n,&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc m\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<em>chi n\u00e0y<\/em>, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc [th\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc tr\u1ecdn l\u00e0nh]. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 do ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ed chung cu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh khi tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady n\u1eefa&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn32\">[32]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>49. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u d\u1ef1a theo nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng Kinh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTh\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc\u2019. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc?\u2019 \u2013 \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ee1i ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh m\u1ec7nh, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc ch\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t: ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 221).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 Nam T\u1eed H\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea1o trong t\u1eadp ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>-ooOoo-<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2><strong>Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng V<\/strong> <strong>KINH \u0110I\u1ec0M L\u00c0NH <em>(Mangalasuttam)<\/em><\/strong><\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>1. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ta ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp k\u1ebf ngay sau Kinh Nam T\u1eed H\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea1o trong Ti\u1ec3u T\u1ee5ng. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a Kinh. [M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp Kinh n\u00e0y trong Ti\u1ec3u T\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau.]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2. Cho d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y Kinh n\u00e0y theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 [nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y trong Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee5ng], tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y [th\u1ee9 nh\u1ee9t] nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c Quy Y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt [<strong>89<\/strong>] v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi (s<em>\u012b<\/em>la), \u0111\u1ecbnh (concentration) v\u00e0 Tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c minh ch\u1ee9ng ti\u1ebfp ngay sau \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc, Ba M\u01b0\u01a1i Hai th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 Nam T\u1eed H\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea1o, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh, do \u0111\u00f3 [th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ebfn] ch\u00ednh ngay t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m t\u00f4n vinh nh\u1eefng ai c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 [th\u1ee9 ba] ta ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u n\u1ed9i dung nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 ra sao v\u00e0 am hi\u1ec3u theo m\u1ed9t tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh ngay t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3. Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t ngay t\u1ea1i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a Kinh nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>1. Do ai c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u<br>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>2. R\u1ed3i b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i<br>v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u2018nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019 v\u00e0 v\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan<br>\u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ta n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn:<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>3. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9 Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>4. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec<br>l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf l\u00fd do c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>[T\u1ea1i sao Kinh \u0111i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p trong Tam T\u1ea1ng (<em>Tipi\u1e6daka)<\/em>?]<\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4. (1) V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7, \u2018<em>Do ai c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u, Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn\u2019<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1:&nbsp;<em>nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe. M\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kia, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt &#8230; ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb (tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o) b\u1eb1ng t\u00e1m k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau.<\/em>&nbsp;V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 theo c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 nghe ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: Nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng T\u1ef1 H\u1eefu, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0o c\u1ea3; do v\u1eady \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ta n\u00eau l\u00ean c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Ai \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd tr\u00ean? \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u? Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>\u0100nanda<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp tam t\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (First Great Rehearsal). Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111i\u1ec1u ta ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp tam t\u1ea1ng l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng nh\u1eb1m ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u trong to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh v\u0103n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5. V\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng kh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean trong \u0111\u00eam r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 (Visakha) \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn33\">[33]<\/a>, v\u1ecb C\u1ee9u Th\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch N\u00edp B\u00e0n. [\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra] \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e2y&nbsp;<em>S\u0101l\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng&nbsp;<em>S\u0101l\u0101 c\u1ee7a vua Malla&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0o l\u00fac ng\u00e0i tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng&nbsp;<em>Kusin\u0101r\u0101.<\/em>&nbsp;Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9 ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n (<em>S.<\/em>&nbsp;v. 420tt<em>)&nbsp;<\/em>cho t\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian ng\u00e0i gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a Du s\u0129 Subhaddha&nbsp;<em>(D.<\/em>&nbsp;ii 148tt)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6. Hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111ang tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 700.000 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111ang qui t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o [kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa] t\u00ean l\u00e0 Shubhaddha, \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia v\u00e0o l\u00fac tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 cao,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn34\">[34]<\/a>&nbsp;ng\u00e0i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c ch\u01b0 huynh, \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00e1 bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u th\u00ea th\u1ea3m l\u00e0m g\u00ec, v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1i Sa M\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf ch\u00fang ta, ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eafn nh\u1ee7 b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u2018h\u00e3y th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y xa tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ecd.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n.\u201d (<em>D.<\/em>&nbsp;ii 162). Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cR\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Coi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee9c tin ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0ng bao l\u00e2u Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1; v\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u2018 H\u1ee1i Ananda, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ebd v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i, s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i sau khi ta t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.\u2019 (<em>D.<\/em>&nbsp;ii 154) Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed ta tr\u00f9ng t\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u1eb1m l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn cho Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00ec ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho ta khi ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng chia s\u1ebb t\u1ea5m y c\u00e0 sa v\u1edbi ta v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ta \u201c H\u1ee1i Kassapa, li\u1ec7u nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1eb7c l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc y b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee3i gai ta b\u1ecf ra ch\u0103ng?\u2019 (S. ii 221) v\u00e0 khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4i ph\u1ee5c n\u01a1i ta \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e2n cao h\u01a1n suy ngh\u0129 lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 ch\u00edn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp nhau v\u00e0 s\u00e1u th\u1eafng tri&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn35\">[35]<\/a>&nbsp;b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn l\u00fac n\u00e0o ta mong mu\u1ed1n ly d\u1ee5c. [ly kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n] ta ch\u1ee9ng tr\u00fa n\u01a1i thi\u1ec1n b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t, [k\u00e8m v\u1edbi suy t\u01b0 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch do l\u00e1nh t\u1ee5c \u0111em l\u1ea1i] v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Kassapa c\u0169ng v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn khi n\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u01b0\u1edbc ao v\u00e0 sa l\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c&#8230; ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gia nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa n\u01a1i thi\u1ec1n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t&#8230; [v\u1edbi h\u1ef7 v\u00e0 do ly d\u1ee5c \u0111em l\u1ea1i] (<em>S.<\/em>&nbsp;ii 210; 216). Tuy nhi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3? V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u00fap ta b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch khuy\u00ean c\u00e1o ta nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai v\u1eady\u2019&nbsp; Gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng (xin \u0111\u1ecdc D. Sutta 26, M. Sutta 129) th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ban t\u1eb7ng ch\u00ednh v\u01b0\u01a1ng ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i cho ta hay sao?<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7. [Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf] ng\u00e0i mong mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u l\u1eafng nghe c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. [<strong>91<\/strong>] theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1n \u2018Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i Ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cCh\u01b0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp n\u1ecd, \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>P\u0101v\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn<em>&nbsp;Kusin\u0101r\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f9y t\u00f9ng \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103m tr\u0103m v\u1ecb&#8230; (Vin. ii. 284-5) to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Subhadda n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>8. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i cho bi\u1ebft ti\u1ebfp \u2018H\u1ee1i ch\u01b0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eefng t\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e0 lu\u1eadt t\u1ecf ra v\u1ebb quy\u1ebfn r\u0169 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh lu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i b\u1ecb xem th\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 t\u00e0 ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u00e0 lu\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh lu\u1eadt tr\u1edf n\u00ean y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i\u2019 (Vin. ii. 285)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u2018\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, xin ng\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u.\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ph\u00e0m nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Nh\u1eadp L\u01b0u, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Nh\u1ea5t Lai, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ea5t Lai v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Nh\u1eadp Thi\u1ec1n Qu\u00e1n Thu\u1ea7n Tu\u00fd&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn36\">[36]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u A-la-h\u00e1n l\u1eadu t\u1eadn. [T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc cho Kinh bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p ch\u00edn chi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn37\">[37]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp b\u1ed1n tr\u0103m ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ch\u00edn v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp Kinh trong Tam t\u1ea1ng (Tipitaka) l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn Bi\u1ec7n T\u00e0i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1ea5t sung m\u00e3n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong Kinh Tuy\u1ec7t H\u1ea3o n\u00e0y. (<em>A.<\/em>&nbsp;i. 23 tt) v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Tam Minh v.v&#8230; li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, \u2018Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0110o\u00e0n Th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 g\u1ed3m g\u1ea7n n\u0103m tr\u0103m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n\u2019 (Vin. ii. 285).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>9. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o ch\u1ec9 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u1ed9t \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 g\u1ed3m k\u00e9m n\u0103m tr\u0103m t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u? \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o n\u00e0y; v\u00ec ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u00e0 b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf thi\u1ebfu s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ea5ng th\u1eadp l\u1ef1c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c Kh\u1ebf Kinh, c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng T\u1ee5ng. v.v&#8230; m\u00e0 v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u1ebfu ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u2018N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o m\u1eddi trong khi tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp v\u00ec ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong vi\u1ec7c duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t ph\u00e1p, ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp? Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e2y Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i Ananda, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi \u2018l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a Nam t\u1eed\u2019 cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1c cho l\u00e0 \u2018 nam t\u1eed v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a hi\u1ec3u h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh!\u2019 (S. ii. 218) Nh\u01b0ng m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c th\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch Ca l\u00e0 con trai ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fa \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn38\">[38]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u l\u1ea1i xem th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u2018v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 tham kh\u1ea3o r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc Tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00f4 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp Ananda, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc v\u00f4 ng\u1ea1i h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc\u2019. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i Ananda ra kh\u1ecfi danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u2018Cho d\u00f9 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Ananda, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 h\u00e0nh s\u1eed d\u1ef1a theo \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u.\u2019 R\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u00e2n danh Ananda. Theo nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u2018C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;r\u1eb1ng: \u201cTh\u01b0a \u0110\u1ea1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda, cho d\u00f9 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc, cho d\u00f9 ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh th\u00f4ng qua tham d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea ho\u1eb7c s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c [v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt] r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. Xin c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o h\u00e3y tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp ng\u00e0i Ananda v\u00e0o trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda v\u00e0o trong danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>10. Khi theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u0103m tr\u0103m v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eefa. \u2018R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng, \u2018Ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ngh\u0129 l\u00e0 \u201c R<em>\u0101jagaha&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 n\u01a1i r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec7n nghi. Gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta an c\u01b0 m\u00f9a m\u01b0a t\u1ea1i Rajagaha v\u00e0 duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng an c\u01b0 m\u00f9a m\u01b0a t\u1ea1i R<em>\u0101jagaha<\/em>&nbsp;hay sao?<em>&nbsp;(Vin. \u012b 285). Nh<\/em>\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? [H\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129] \u2018nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 [<strong>93<\/strong>] m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra x\u00e1o tr\u1ed9n ch\u0103ng.\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>11. Th\u1ebf l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u1eefng th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ban h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o lu\u1eadt th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec v\u1ec1 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ebft t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m (Cullavagga) lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>12. Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t \u0111\u00e3 qua v\u00e0 b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. V\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cN\u1eeda Th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4i qua, hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edd ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng r\u01b0\u1ee1i m\u00f9a n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp an c\u01b0 d\u00e0nh cho m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n\u2019 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c s\u01b0 huynh, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn Rajagaha\u2019 Ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, \u0111ang khi \u0111\u00f3 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Anuruddha l\u1ea1i theo m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebfn Rajagaha c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>13. V\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n \u0111em c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5: b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 y c\u00e0 sa c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Savatthi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n tu\u1ef3 t\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u; v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i Rajagaha sau. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o Ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec1u than kh\u00f3c l\u1edbn ti\u1ebfng: \u2018Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ee1i Ng\u00e0i Ananda, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng khi v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n t\u1edbi Savatthi l\u1ea1i di\u1ec5n ra c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang than kh\u00f3c th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fac \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, sau khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng Jeta.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>14. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf c\u1eeda h\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f2ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (\u0111\u1ea5ng th\u1eadp l\u1ef1c) \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i l\u1ea5y ra chi\u1ebfc gi\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf, ph\u1ee7i b\u1ee5i b\u00e1m tr\u00ean \u0111\u00f3, qu\u00e9t d\u1ecdn ph\u00f2ng. N\u00e9m ra ngo\u00e0i b\u00ecnh hoa c\u0169 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i k\u00ea l\u1ea1i gi\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 gh\u1ebf v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 c\u0169: th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m l\u00fac \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>15. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i qu\u00e1 m\u1ee9c k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t, th\u1ebf n\u00ean th\u00e2n x\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111au nh\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb ch\u1ee9ng \u0111au nh\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1c s\u1eefa tinh khi\u1ebft v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n ri\u1ebft trong Ch\u00f9a. Ch\u00ednh trong d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed do Subha sai t\u1edbi \u2018Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edd, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u01a1i. [<strong>94<\/strong>] h\u00f4m nay ta \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai.\u2019 (<em>D.<\/em>i.205) Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi Cetaka \u0111\u00f3ng vai nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 Subbha \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p kinh th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi trong Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh Subha.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>16. R\u1ed3i v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o cho s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t trong khu r\u1eebng Jeta, sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;<em>R\u0101jagaha v\u00ec&nbsp;<\/em>th\u1eddi gian an c\u01b0 m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Anuruddha c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh&nbsp;<em>R\u0101jagaha<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>17. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a ch\u00ednh trong th\u00e0nh&nbsp;<em>R\u0101jagaha,&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecf hoang v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng b\u1ea9n th\u1ec9u; v\u00ec k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 thu d\u1ecdn b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, y ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 b\u1ecf hoang c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a v\u00e0 ph\u00f2ng \u1edf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn Kusinara. Khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u1eb7t ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129. \u2018Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y s\u1eeda sang nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 hoang t\u00e0n v\u00e0 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng trong th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a m\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eefu thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o kh\u00e1c\u2019; v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a do l\u1eddi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i ra \u2018h\u1ecd suy ngh\u0129 &#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi b\u00ecnh ph\u1ea9m\u2019 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u2018c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i; nh\u01b0ng sau khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t th\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf hoang ph\u1ebf c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00f3.\u2019 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. R\u1ed3i v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u2018tu s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 n\u00e1t v\u00e0 hoang t\u00e0n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y cho h\u1ecd, \u201cCh\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, h\u1ee1i ch\u01b0 huynh su\u1ed1t trong th\u00e1ng th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng hoang t\u00e0n, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y qui t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt.\u201d. (Vin. ii 286).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>18. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i t\u1ea1i c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh nh\u00e0 vua. Vua Ajatasattu xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u1ecb cho m\u00ecnh bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd]: \u2018T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb, th\u01b0a ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u! C\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u0103ng?\u2019 C\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o cho nh\u00e0 vua bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 tu s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e1m ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a ch\u00ednh trong v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y. \u201cT\u1ed1t l\u1eafm, th\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb\u2019, nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n xung c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c tu s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00f3. Trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 cho s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a trong v\u00f9ng. R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh l\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c vua [<strong>95<\/strong>] \u2018K\u00ednh ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tu s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t\u2019 \u2013 Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt\u201d . \u201cTuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, th\u01b0a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c. Xin c\u1ee9 coi t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n c\u00e1c m\u1ec7nh l\u1ec7nh, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n. H\u00e3y ra l\u1ec7nh xem tr\u1eabm ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec n\u1eefa? \u2013 \u2018Th\u01b0a ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i qui t\u1ee5 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt . \u2013 T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, th\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn? \u2013 Th\u01b0a Ho\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, th\u1eadt thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y n\u1ebfu ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 ngay c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Sattapanni tr\u00ean tri\u1ec1n d\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1 Vebhara\u2019 \u2013 Tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi, th\u01b0a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, nh\u00e0 vua Ajatasattu \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 do ch\u00ednh Vissakamma&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn39\">[39]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e1 bao quanh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e2y c\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1 cao v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1ea7u thang l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng. V\u1edbi r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt trang tr\u00ed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng hoa v\u00e0 c\u00e1c trang ho\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e2y d\u00e2y leo \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t m\u00e1i v\u00f2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang ho\u00e0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u00e0ng hoa c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t mi\u1ebfng v\u1ea3i th\u00eau kim tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00ed. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n cho trang ho\u00e0ng m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i l\u00e1t \u0111\u00e1 r\u1ea5t tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e2ng c\u00fang gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t Thi\u00ean cung c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb. V\u00e0 n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cho tr\u1ea3i t\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u0103m t\u1ea5m th\u1ea3m qu\u00ed v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n ch\u1ed7 cho m\u1ed7i v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n. Ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o cho s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc v\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n ngay ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. H\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i cho s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0 voi. R\u1ed3i ho\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTh\u01b0a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a tr\u1eabm \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>19. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda, \u2018H\u1ee1i ch\u01b0 huynh, \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi ng\u00e0i m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u1eefa c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdp. H\u00e3y ki\u00ean tr\u00ec.\u2019 Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda suy ngh\u0129 \u2018 \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ef1 v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi khai t\u00e2m b\u1eadc h\u1eefu h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ee9c su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam qu\u00e1n v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n. Khi tr\u1eddi s\u1eafp s\u00e1ng, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, [ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng] t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u1eb1m xu\u1ed1ng.\u2019 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2m t\u1edbi th\u00e2n. [\u0111ang khi ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec hai ch\u00e2n ng\u00e0i nh\u1ea5c b\u1ed5ng l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee5ng t\u1edbi chi\u1ebfc g\u1ed1i. Trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 [<strong>96<\/strong>], t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ea5n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 n\u1eefa. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, khi v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111ang khi \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i ngh\u0129: ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u2018Nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, h\u1ee1i Ananda, h\u00e3y c\u1ee9 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i, v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c.\u2019 (<em>D.<\/em>&nbsp;ii. 144)? V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng sai ch\u00fat n\u00e0o. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y tinh t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00e0n tr\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eady t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i xem ra n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng h\u1eb3n l\u00ean. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf t\u00f4i s\u1ebd t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng tinh t\u1ea5n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn40\">[40]<\/a>&nbsp;Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ra ngo\u00e0i \u0111i kinh h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng ngay t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i v\u00e0o l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. [l\u0160\u1ea1i suy ngh\u0129] t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i \u0111\u00f4i ch\u00fat, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 du\u1ed7i d\u00e0i c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 tr\u00ean gi\u01b0\u1eddng. [l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady] th\u00ec hai ch\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i d\u1edf l\u00ean kh\u1ecfi s\u00e0n nh\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u1ebfc g\u1ed1i. Trong kho\u1ea3ng kh\u1eafc \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7 .Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t oai nghi n\u00e0o trong b\u1ed1n oai nghi. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Trong gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p n\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc A La H\u00e1n \u0111ang khi kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m d\u00e0i, kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i.\u2019 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi Ng\u00e0i Ananda.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>20. Ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eefa \u0103n, h\u1ecd d\u1eb9p b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. V\u00e0 c\u1edfi b\u1ecf y ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p nhau t\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u1ec3 duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda kh\u00f4ng c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, v\u00ec ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m r\u00f5 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc A-la-h\u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh cho h\u1ecd theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 h\u1ea1p. Ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o ng\u1ed3i c\u1ea3; khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi. \u2018Ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 d\u00e0nh cho ai v\u1eady? c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u2018\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh cho Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda. \u2018 \u2013 ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u r\u1ed3i?\u2019 \u2013 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o suy ngh\u0129 \u2018 Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fac t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u2019 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9n th\u1ed5 xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ng\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>21. Khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 an v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i ch\u01b0 huynh \u0111\u1ec7, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y: ph\u00e1p hay Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt.?\u2019 C\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi: th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>, Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 sinh m\u1ec7nh Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, bao l\u00e2u gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\u2019 (Vin. ii. 287) &#8211; C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ecb n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e2y? \u2013 S\u1ebd do Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Up<em>\u0101li<\/em>&nbsp;[<strong>97<\/strong>] th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean\u2019 r\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 trao quy\u1ec1n cho m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Upali nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho hai v\u1ecb theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 l\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t theo \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Upali v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u Tri\u1ec7t H\u1ea1 (B\u1ea5t C\u1ed9ng Tr\u1ee5) \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean (lo\u1ea1i vi ph\u1ea1m ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ee5c xu\u1ea5t) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1edfi xu\u1ea5t. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Upali \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u0103m tr\u0103m t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m t\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi nhau, l\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u tri\u1ec7t h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo \u0111\u00fang ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5ng theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00eau tr\u00ean th\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 hai Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u1edbi b\u1ed5n Suttavibhangas, H\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n Khandhakas (Mahavagga B\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 Cullavagga B\u1ed9 Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m) v\u00e0 B\u1ed9 Ph\u1ee5 T\u00f9y Parivara&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn41\">[41]<\/a>&nbsp;V\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Upali \u0111\u1eb7t chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea1t ng\u00e0 voi xu\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, ng\u00e0i k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u cao h\u1ea1 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho ng\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>22. Sau c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;mong mu\u1ed1n duy\u1ec7t l\u1ea1i c\u1ea3 Ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u. \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch duy\u1ec7t x\u00e9t Ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p x\u00e9t duy\u1ec7t Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e2y?\u2019 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u2018xin ch\u1ecdn tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao cho ng\u00e0i tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3.\u2019 Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau. \u201cTh\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, xin \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 l\u1eafng tai nghe t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u0103ng gi\u00e0, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ea9m v\u1ea5n ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p\u201d sau \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng gi\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau: \u201ck\u00ednh th\u01b0a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, xin c\u1ea3 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111o\u00e0n T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 l\u1eafng tai nghe t\u00f4i n\u00f3i, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng G\u00eca c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi. (<em>Vin.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 287) Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u00ean, r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh sau khi \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eeda sang l\u1ea1i y c\u00e0 sa tr\u00ean vai v\u00e0 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u cao h\u1ea1. Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0o Ph\u00e1p t\u1ecda v\u00e0 c\u1ea7m l\u1ea5y chi\u1ebfc qu\u1ea1t b\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0 qu\u00ed. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda v\u1ec1 Ph\u00e1p, c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong b\u1ea3n kinh. Theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i: tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018n\u00e0y Ananda, Kinh Ph\u1ea1m v\u00f5ng Brahmajala \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u?\u2019 \u2013 \u2018Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed gi\u1eefa Rajagaha v\u00e0 Nalanda, th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o ngay trong nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua t\u1ea1i Ambalatthika\u201d \u2013 \u201c v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1eady?\u2019 \u2013 [<strong>98<\/strong>] v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb du s\u0129 Suppiya v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u00e0 Brahmadatta\u201d \u2018(Vin. ii. 287) V\u00e0 khi tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Kinh Ph\u1ea1m V\u00f5ng (Brahmajala) v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Ng\u00e0i h\u1ecfi], n\u00e0y Ananda, Kinh Sa m\u00f4n qu\u1ea3 Samannaphala \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u2019 T\u1ea1i Rajagaha, th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, trong R\u1eebng Xo\u00e0i Jivaka \u2013 c\u00f3 ai ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn?\u2019 c\u00f3 nh\u00e0 vua Ajatasattu Vedehiputta, th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o\u201d. R\u1ed3i khi ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kinh Sa m\u00f4n qu\u1ea3 Samannaphala. V\u00e0 v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung Ng\u0169 Kinh B\u1ed9 (nikaya) v\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfngl\u00e3o Ananda \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1ec1 n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a ng\u0169 b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i l\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>23. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y do n\u0103m tr\u0103m v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi n\u0103m tr\u0103m v\u1ecb.<br>V\u00ec do n\u0103m tr\u0103m v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n<br>V\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i n\u0103m tr\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o<br>B\u1edfi v\u00ec do n\u0103m tr\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>24. Trong khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh&nbsp;<em>(D\u012bgha nikaya) , Trung B\u1ed9 Kinh (Majjhima-Nikaya) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng kinh c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn42\">[42]<\/a>&nbsp;k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, trong cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 Kinh (<em>khuddaka-nikaya) v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n<\/em>&nbsp;ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau: N\u00e0y Ananda, Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u?\u2019 \u0110\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo \u0111\u00f3 kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c, khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n v\u1ec1 Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh, Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda mu\u1ed1n c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfp to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 ra sao, ai \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 kinh n\u00e0y, khi n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, do ai c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. C\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho ai. V\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i. \u2018 Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, t\u00f4i nghe trong d\u1ecbp \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 t\u1ea1i Savatthi v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi. [Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i]:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Evam me sutam. Ekam samayam bhagav\u0101 S\u0101vatthiyam viharati Jatevane An\u0101thapin\u1e0dikassa \u0101r\u0101me. Atha kho a\u00f1\u00f1atar\u0101 devat\u0101 abhikkant\u0101ya rattiy\u0101 abhikkatavann\u0101 kevalakappam. Jetavanam obh\u0101setv\u0101 yena bhagav\u0101 ten upasankami, upasankamitva bhagavantam abhiv\u0101detv\u0101 ekam antam a\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101si, ekam antam \u1e6dhi\u0101 kho s\u0101a devat\u0101bhagantam. G\u0101th\u0101ya ajhabh\u0101si.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kia, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Savatthi trong r\u1eebng Jeta, t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean Anathapindika. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi n\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e3 khuya c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c\u1ef1c s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i to\u1ea3 ra s\u00e1ng r\u1ef1c c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi trong c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng Jeta. \u0110ang ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 sau khi k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u0111\u00f3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u1ecb tr\u1eddi li\u1ec1n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng [<strong>99<\/strong>] \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i Ananda n\u00f3i ra; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra trong \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.\u2019 (\u00a7 4)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>25. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u2018Kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u?\u201d (\u00a7 3). Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i ra l\u00e0 v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5t v\u1ea5n Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh. Hay h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa ch\u00ednh do m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n tr\u00ean Ph\u00e1p t\u1ecda, bao quanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 am hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. C\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong h\u1ecd l\u00e0: V\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri Videhan, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eeba k\u1ebf t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u0103m l\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong Kinh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y. (<em>A.<\/em>i 23 tt) v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng trong b\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9ng. (D. ii. 145; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba k\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9!\u201d T\u1eadn trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ng\u00e0i bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u00e0m ng\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c. k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018<em>T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau. V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp kia \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt &#8230;di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.&nbsp;<\/em>trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 n\u0103m tr\u0103m v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean khen ng\u1ee3i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cTh\u1eadt l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi\u201d \u0111ang khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn x\u1ea9y ra v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t tr\u1eadn m\u01b0a hoa \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i t\u1eeb tr\u1eddi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng. V\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5p b\u00e1ch, [ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng] \u2018\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y n\u01a1i s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o.\u2019 Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00ean l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda, khi ng\u00e0i ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u trong \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ed9i K\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, \u00fd ngh\u0129a ta th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau,<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>4. Do ai c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1, khi n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u<br>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[v\u1ec1 \u0111o\u1ea1n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u, Evam me sutam \u2013 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 sau]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>26. (2) Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u1ed9p l\u1ea1i trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018R\u1ed3i b\u1ed9c l\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u2018nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019 v\u00e0 v\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>27. [<strong>100<\/strong>] T\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>evam&nbsp;<\/em>(nh\u01b0 v\u1eady) c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n, ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng, khen ng\u1ee3i, khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft, m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n, ghi nh\u1edb,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn43\">[43]<\/a>&nbsp;v.v&#8230; \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cnhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u2018nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi sanh t\u1eed.\u2019 (Dh. 53), nh\u01b0&nbsp;<em>c\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng (upadesa)&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau \u2018B\u1ea1n n\u00ean ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng \u2018nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019&nbsp;<em>(evam)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i \u2018nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019<em>. (M.<\/em>&nbsp;i. 460),&nbsp;<em>nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i (pahamsana)&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau \u2018 Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (evam) ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u2018nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019, ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c T\u1ed1i Cao\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 192)&nbsp;<em>nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>garahana)&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0&nbsp;<em>\u2018 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef b\u1ea5t h\u1ea1nh t\u1ecf l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i \u201cnh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019 (evam evam) v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng<\/em>.\u2019 (<em>S.;&nbsp;<\/em>i. 160)nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft (<em>vacanasampatiggaha)&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u201c&nbsp;<em>ngay c\u1ea3 \u2018nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019 (evam)<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn44\">[44]<\/a><em>&nbsp;th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o qu\u00fd m\u1ebfn<\/em>,\u201d v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u2018 (<em>M. i. 1);&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i (<em>\u0101k\u0101ra)&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau \u201c Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u01b0 v\u1eady&nbsp;<em>(evam<\/em>), th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o , t\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p do ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i.\u2019 (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 258; Vin. iv. 138) nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9, th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n (<em>nidassana)&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n nh\u01b0 sau. \u2018H\u1ee1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y Quy Y v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n danh ta m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i xem tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c n\u1ed7i \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb, tr\u00e1ng ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng trong ti\u1ec7n nghi hay kh\u00f4ng: \u201c\u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed Subha Todeyyaputta h\u1ecfi xem tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda \u0111ang c\u00f3 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i ch\u0103ng\u201d v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u201cnh\u01b0 v\u1eady (<em>evam)<\/em>: \u201cTh\u1eadt tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Ananda \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Subha Todeyyaputta do l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i.\u201d (D. i. 204)&nbsp;<em>nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1edb&nbsp;<\/em>(<em>avadharana)&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau \u2018Ng\u00e0i quan ni\u1ec7m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, h\u1ee1i&nbsp;<em>K\u0101l\u0101mans:<\/em>&nbsp;li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n hay ph\u00e1p b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n?\u2019- Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 duy b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1eady.- \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch hay v\u00f4 can? \u0110\u00e1ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch, th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i. &#8211; do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed k\u1ebft \u00e1n hay ra l\u1ec7nh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u0103ng? Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00f4n ngoan k\u1ebft \u00e1n. \u2013 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n hay \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Li\u1ec7u nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tai ho\u1ea1 hay \u0111au kh\u1ed5 ch\u0103ng? B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng hay ch\u00fang xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ra sao trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y? \u2013 Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ch\u00fang s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn tai ho\u1ea1 v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y. (A. I. 190)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ghi nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>28. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng minh \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u2018evam\u2019 (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady) nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch sau \u0111\u00e2y [<strong>101<\/strong>]. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ai c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ra trong m\u1ecdi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i l\u00e3o luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00e1c nhau, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o c\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1eabn l\u1eddi v\u0103n, s\u1edf h\u1eefu nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u1ef3 di\u1ec7u,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn45\">[45]<\/a>&nbsp;s\u00e2u xa trong c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh, m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i tu\u1ef3 theo l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh ngay sau khi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u1ecdt \u0111\u1ebfn tai h\u1ecd? Tuy nhi\u00ean, ta l\u1ea1i nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 sau \u2013 L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh tai t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>29. Hi\u1ec3u theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 [Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra] b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1eeb ra ch\u00ednh Ng\u00e0i [theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a] nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 c\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i [l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean] do t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng minh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5ng l\u1ea1i [Khi Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i]: Nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y t\u00f4i nghe (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0), do t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>30. Hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a&nbsp;<em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1edb<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>avadh\u0101rana) [n<\/em>g\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a sau \u0111\u00e2y] nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ch\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ghi nh\u1edb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i (<em>dh\u0101rana)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau, \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Ananda&#8230;ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 t\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ta&#8230;.ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t&#8230;c\u00f3 l\u00f2ng can \u0111\u1ea3m tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi&#8230;\u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ananda\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>I 24-5) Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh l\u1eafng nghe theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 sau: Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe nh\u01b0 v\u1eady- l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m. C\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1eabn l\u1eddi v\u0103n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>31. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>me&nbsp;<\/em>[trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n&nbsp;<em>evam me sutam. \u2018<\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019 hay \u2018 ch\u00ednh tai ta \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ba ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau. V\u00ec trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (<em>me)\u2019(Sn.<\/em>&nbsp;81<em>)<\/em>&nbsp;ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y hi\u1ec3u theo th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u2018nh\u1edd ta\u2019&nbsp;<em>(maya)<\/em>; trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0, \u2018Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh, th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i cho t\u00f4i (<em>me)&nbsp;<\/em>ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn.\u2019 (<em>S. iv. 63).&nbsp;<\/em>\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch \u2018cho t\u00f4i\u2019&nbsp;<em>(mayha.)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018 H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, nh\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba k\u1ebf ph\u00e1p.\u2019&nbsp;<em>(M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 12) \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch] thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00f4i, c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.&nbsp;<em>(mama).<\/em>&nbsp;Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t \u2018do t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4i nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019 (c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u00ednh gi\u00e1c) [c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u1edf th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>32. C\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>sutam (nghe).&nbsp;<\/em>T\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>suta n\u00e0y,&nbsp;<\/em>k\u00e8m theo hay kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1eef l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp lo\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, c\u1eed h\u00e0nh, ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham d\u1ee5c,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn46\">[46]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i, s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng tai, nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i nh\u0129 m\u00f4n, v.v&#8230; v\u00ec trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111o\u00e0n tu\u1ef3 t\u00f9ng ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi (<em>pasuta)<\/em>&#8230;\u2019&nbsp; \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (<em>gamana).<\/em>&nbsp;Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u1ebb n\u00e0o nh\u1eadn ra ph\u00e1p \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t\u201d (<em>Vin.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 3) \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eed h\u00e0nh&nbsp;<em>(khyata).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018[k\u1ebb n\u00e0o&#8230;.] b\u1ecb tham d\u1ee5c x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm&nbsp;<em>(avassuta)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u&#8230;b\u1ecb tham d\u1ee5c x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm\u2019 (<em>r\u0101g\u0101bhibh\u016bta)<\/em>. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c to l\u1edbn bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5u (<em>passuta) (Khp.&nbsp;<\/em>vii. 13) \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c&nbsp;<em>thu gom l\u1ea1i (upacita).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018khi k\u1ebb n\u00e0o [<strong>102<\/strong>] ki\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh theo \u0111u\u1ed5i thi\u1ec1n (Jhana)\u2019 (<em>Dh.&nbsp;<\/em>181) \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u00fa t\u00e2m v\u00e0o thi\u1ec1n Jhana (<em>anuyutta).<\/em>&nbsp;Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn\u2019&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn47\">[47]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>(M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 3) \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra b\u1eb1ng tai&nbsp;<em>(sotavinneyya).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018Ng\u00e0i nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ghi nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua<em>&nbsp;nh\u0129 moan (cotadvavinnata).&nbsp;<\/em>Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb s<em>utam&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ra h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t th\u1ee9c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn48\">[48]<\/a>&nbsp;do nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c th\u1ed1t ra, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ghi nh\u1eadn\u2019.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>33. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, khi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>me&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf th\u1ec3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n \u2018nh\u1edd ta\u2019 th\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u2018nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3y ra n\u01a1i nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c. Khi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>me<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 [b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch] (c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i) th\u00ec c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u00e2u nh\u01b0 sau: ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf nghe c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ghi nh\u1eadn do m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m do nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c ghi nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>34. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c t\u1eeb n\u00e0y,&nbsp;<em>evam (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m nh\u01b0 nh\u0129 th\u1ee9c. v.v&#8230;;&nbsp;<em>me, (do ta, ta)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh; v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>sutam (nghe) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9m, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u00e9o m\u00f3 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng nghe \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,&nbsp;<em>evam (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)<\/em>&nbsp;bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u00e2m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng;&nbsp;<em>me (do t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i)&nbsp;<\/em>bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>[c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n] ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t; v\u00e0 sutam (nghe)&nbsp;<\/em>bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p (nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, evam (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb, me (do t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 sutam (nghe) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,&nbsp;<em>evam (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)&nbsp;<\/em>bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng phong ph\u00fa th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1eafc th\u00e1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c thu\u1ed9c nh\u1eefng qui tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m<em>, t\u00f4i)<\/em>&nbsp;bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn49\">[49]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>Sutam (nghe) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00e1ch quan c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,&nbsp;<em>evam (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)&nbsp;<\/em>bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi; sutam (nghe) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3; v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>me (do t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i)&nbsp;<\/em>bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 hai nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,&nbsp;<em>evam (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)&nbsp;<\/em>bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng;&nbsp;<em>me (do t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i)&nbsp;<\/em>bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt; v\u00e0 sutam (nghe) bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>35. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>evam (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>me (<\/em>do t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i) hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn50\">[50]<\/a>&nbsp;trong khi \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;<em>sutam (nghe)<\/em>&nbsp;l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady,&nbsp;<em>evam (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>me (do t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u1ecd m\u00e0 ra. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3&nbsp;<em>sutam (nghe)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ch\u00eam v\u00e0o v\u00ec [\u0111i\u1ec1u nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c] ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>36. [<strong>103<\/strong>] \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng v\u1eady, xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb evam, Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua sutam (nghe) kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe. Xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb<em>&nbsp;evam (nh\u01b0 v\u1eady)&nbsp;<\/em>ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra cho th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00ec khi c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u00e1c \u00fd b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u00fd th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>sutam (nghe)<\/em>&nbsp;ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt v\u00ec khi ai \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m th\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nghe t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2u, v\u00ec khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00e2m cho d\u00f9 ta c\u00f3 n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng th\u00ec h\u1ecd v\u1eabn cho hay \u2018 t\u00f4i ch\u1eb3ng nghe g\u00ec h\u1ebft; h\u00e3y n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i cho t\u00f4i nghe \u0111i\u201d v\u00e0 nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ch\u00fa t\u00e2m h\u1ee3p l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 hai ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn cho m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u2018b\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt\u2019 th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c (\u2018c\u00e1c lu\u00e2n\u2019) c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nghe ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1eadn nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn51\">[51]<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>37. Nh\u1edd tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng qua t\u1eeb]&nbsp;<em>evam<\/em>&nbsp;(nh\u01b0 v\u1eady), ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i c\u1eb7p th\u1ee9 hai v\u1edbi ph\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn52\">[52]<\/a>&nbsp;[\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb]&nbsp;<em>sutam&nbsp;<\/em>(nghe) [ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i n\u01a1i c\u1eb7p ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, [v\u1edbi c\u1eb7p \u0111\u1ea7u] ta th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh tinh khi\u1ebft n\u01a1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 v\u1edbi c\u1eb7p th\u1ee9 hai th\u00ec t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t tinh khi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn53\">[53]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u0169ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tinh khi\u1ebft n\u01a1i m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau [ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp] s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn54\">[54]<\/a>&nbsp;trong c\u00e1ch \u2018v\u1ea1ch d\u1ea5u\u2019, v\u00e0 v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tinh khi\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 trong c\u00e1ch \u2018ghi ch\u00e9p\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>38. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, th\u00f4ng qua t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>evam&nbsp;<\/em>(nh\u01b0 v\u1eady), cho th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i ch\u1ee7ng lo\u1ea1i. Ng\u00e0i cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong Ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng. \u0110ang khi \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>Sutam (nghe)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1ea1i cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 c\u00e1ch th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7ng l\u1edbp \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, [c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i.] trong vi\u1ec7c Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 Ng\u1eef \u0110\u1ea1t Th\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>39. C\u0169ng v\u1eady, trong khi th\u1ed1t l\u00ean t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>evam&nbsp;<\/em>(nh\u01b0 v\u1eady) cho th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 t\u00e1c \u00fd h\u1ee3p l\u00fd. Ng\u00e0i cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u2018 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd nh\u1edd v\u00e0o ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn\u2019 do t\u00f4i (me) trong khi th\u1ed1t l\u00ean t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>sutam&nbsp;<\/em>(nghe) ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, ng\u00e0i cho bi\u1ebft, \u2018C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 do t\u1eeb&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn55\">[55]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ra. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf th\u00f4ng qua c\u1ea3 hai t\u1eeb t\u00ednh ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb ng\u00e0i truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>40. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u&nbsp;<em>evam me sutam&nbsp;<\/em>(nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe, nh\u1edd t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady) Ng\u00e0i Ananda \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t kh\u1ecfi b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng chi\u1ebfm cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ph\u00e1p ch\u1ec9 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m b\u1eebng s\u00e1ng l\u00ean b\u00ecnh di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>41. T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c to\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p (t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p) v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp tr\u00ean Di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf, \u2018ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n [<strong>104<\/strong>] b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n, ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c\u0111\u0111\u2019 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf (si m\u00ea) v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 b\u1eadc \u0110\u1ea1o S\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt), ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn56\">[56]<\/a>&nbsp;b\u1eadc chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>42. H\u01a1n Th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn [to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e2u v\u0103n]&nbsp;<em>evam me sutam&nbsp;<\/em>(ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe.) ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u01a1i tr\u1ea7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh thi\u1ebfu ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y: \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tin tu\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay l\u00fac \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n sinh ti\u1ec1n, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm h\u1eefu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u1ee9 v\u00f4 s\u1edf \u00fay, l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u1eadp L\u1ef1c, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o thi\u00ean nh\u00e2n. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng r\u1ed1ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>M. Sutta 12)&nbsp;<\/em>ng\u00e0i cao tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ecba ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf. N\u01a1i quy y ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n Di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u01a1ng, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c; nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ef1 hay nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a hay ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c c\u00e2u v\u0103n v\u00e0 v\u0103n t\u1ef1 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ec7 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m c\u1ea5t ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i,<br>Ch\u00ednh t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<br>Xua tan m\u1ecdi thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n ni\u1ec1m tin<br>L\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i L\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00edch trong ngu\u1ed3n t\u01b0 li\u1ec7u]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>43. [Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn]&nbsp;<em>m\u1ed9t (ekam)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1.&nbsp;<em>D\u1ecbp hay c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i (samayam)&nbsp;<\/em>cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. [<em>li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn<\/em>] m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i (<em>ekam samayam)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>44. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>samaya (c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, d\u1ecbp)&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn57\">[57]<\/a>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i] \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft g\u1eb7p nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, s\u00e1t na,<br>v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn,<br>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb.<br>V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t n\u1eefa<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00ec trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cc\u00f3 l\u1ebd ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p nhau v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y mai, tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec5n ra (<em>samaya)\u2019 (D.<\/em>&nbsp;I 205) \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1. (<em>samav\u0101ya)<\/em>. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i (<em>samaya)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 cho ta s\u1ed1ng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 227) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u00e1t na&nbsp;<em>(khana).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau \u2018C\u01a1 duy\u00ean (<em>samaya)&nbsp;<\/em>n\u00f3ng b\u1ee9c, c\u01a1 duy\u00ean (<em>samaya) n\u00f3ng l\u1ea1nh.\u2019 (Vin.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 119) \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi kh\u1eafc. (<em>k\u0101la). T<\/em>rong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng (<em>samaya)<\/em>&nbsp;to l\u1edbn t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp b\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai\u2019&nbsp;<em>(D.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 254) \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn (<em>sam\u016bha).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018H\u1ee1i Bhaddali, b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh (<em>samaya) \u201c<\/em>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i Savatthi v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ebd bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00f4i nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018 T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 t\u00ean Bhaddali[<strong>105<\/strong>] l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp theo gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u2018b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh (<em>samaya)&nbsp;<\/em>n\u00e0y\u2019 (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 438) \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. (<em>hetu).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 (<em>samaya) Du s\u0129 Samanamandikaputta&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111ang l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Mallika trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111i\u1ec1n Tinduka \u0111\u1ec3 tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh&nbsp;<em>(Samaya)\u2019 (M.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 22) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang t\u01b0&nbsp;<em>(ditthi).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018 c\u00f3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac (n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mai h\u1eadu): m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t (<em>abhisamaya)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u00f3.\u2019<em>(S.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 87) \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc&nbsp;<em>(patil\u0101bha).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201c V\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (<em>abhiamaya)&nbsp;<\/em>[hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft] v\u1ec1 ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn58\">[58]<\/a>&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u2019&nbsp;<em>(A.<\/em>&nbsp;134; iii. 246; M. i. 12; xin \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam Sn. 342) \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb (<em>pah\u0101na).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u0111au kh\u1ed5, l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e0n \u00e1p, \u00fd ngh\u0129a x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u00fd ngh\u0129a tra t\u1ea5n, \u00fd ngh\u0129a thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc&nbsp;<em>(abhisamaya)\u2019 (Ps.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 107) \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t&nbsp;<em>(pativedha).&nbsp;<\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>45. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf [v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb]&nbsp;<em>ekam samayam (<\/em>[li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, d\u1ecbp] \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0: li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t m\u00f9a, th\u00e1ng, n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, bu\u1ed5i tr\u01b0a, bu\u1ed5i chi\u1ec1u, canh \u0111\u1ea7u, canh ng\u1ecd, canh cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00eam, gi\u1edd, v.v&#8230; ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u2019 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb ki\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea7u thai trong b\u1ee5ng m\u1eb9, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ea3n sanh, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i di\u1ec7t d\u1ee5c, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 v\u00e0o c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3\u2019 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i sau \u0111\u00e2y:&#8230; C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Bi, t\u1eeb [hai] c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i Bi<sup>180<\/sup>. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1eeb [hai] c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh an l\u1ea1c cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh an l\u1ea1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb [hai] c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a hai c\u00e1ch lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean trong khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111ang \u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m<sup>181<\/sup>&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o t\u1eeb [hai] c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>46. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: Th\u1ebf t\u1ea1i sao thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y,&nbsp;<em>ekam samayam&nbsp;<\/em>(li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn, v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3\u2019) thay v\u00ec v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong Abhidhamma, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, \u2018<em>yasmim samaye k\u0101m\u0101vacaram\u2019 (\u2018 nh<\/em>\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u00e2m c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi [xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n]&#8230;\u2019:&nbsp;<em>Dhs.&nbsp;<\/em>1) v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh n\u00e0y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0, \u2018<em>yasmim samayebhikkave bhikkhu vivicc\u2019 eva kamehi-\u2018 (\u2018<\/em>H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, sau khi ly d\u1ee5c&#8230;.\u2019; (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 214) v\u00e0 thay v\u00ec d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong Lu\u1eadt, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0, \u2018<em>Tena samayena Buddho Bhagava\u2019 (<\/em>\u2018 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c&#8230;\u2019 (Vin, iii. 1) Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u00e0m ch\u1ee9a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y.\u2019 v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, trong \u0111o\u1ea1n Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y [tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, \u0110\u1ecbnh s\u1edf c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng] truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t \u00fd ngh\u0129a m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ed3&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn59\">[59]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1ch t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u00e0y so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn60\">[60]<\/a>. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u2018h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng\u2019 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 [m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i] v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i [tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh h\u1ed9p \u0111\u1ef1ng] c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 [trong \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;<em>Dhammasangani<\/em>]; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eady b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng [lo\u1ea1i] s\u00e1t na, bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1, v\u00e0 c\u0103n nh\u00e2n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u2019&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn61\">[61]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. R\u1ed3i trong Lu\u1eadt T\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eb1m g\u1ee3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00fd do [cho h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3]. V\u00ec m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Sariputta v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c hi\u1ec3u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 m\u1ed9t gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. V\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1eadp gi\u1edbi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u00e0i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 n\u1ecd v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u1eadp gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 minh ch\u1ee9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y, \u00fd ngh\u0129a mu\u1ed1n h\u00e0m \u00fd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c cai qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn62\">[62]<\/a>&nbsp;V\u00ec \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp, khi ng\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u00e1c trong Kinh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m minh ch\u1ee9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y [l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ec7 th\u1eadt th\u00edch h\u1ee3p]:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t \u1edf n\u01a1i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c<br>\u1edf c\u00e1ch c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n<br>c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi.<br>Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i d\u00f9ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>47.&nbsp;<em>\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n (bhagava)<\/em>: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng s\u00f9ng k\u00ednh d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba v\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01a1i ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt do c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u2019 l\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u00edch h\u1ee3p .<br>C\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd nh\u1ea5t.<br>\u0110\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 s\u00f9ng \u00e1i<br>V\u00ec v\u1eady \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u2019 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>48. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ean c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh: bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn63\">[63]<\/a>&nbsp;bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u00ecnh c\u1edd nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018th\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng\u2019.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, [m\u1ed9t t\u00ean] bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng\u2019 l\u00e0 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u2018con b\u00f2 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tu\u1ed5i\u2019&nbsp;<em>(vaccha)<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn64\">[64]<\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em>b\u00ea \u0111\u1ef1c non c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i luy\u1ec7n\u2019 (<em>damma) \u2018b\u00f2 k\u00e9o xe\u2019 (balivadda).&nbsp;<\/em>T\u00ean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00ean nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3. \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi mang quy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2019 (<em>bandi),&nbsp;<\/em>\u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7m l\u1ecdng\u2019&nbsp;<em>(chatti), \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9i l\u00f4ng m\u00e3o\u2019 (sikhi) \u2018con voi \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0n\u2019 (hatthi- c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 voi).&nbsp;<\/em>T\u00ean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u201cTam Minh\u2019 (<em>tevijja). Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc \u201cs\u00e1u th\u1eafng tr\u00ed\u201d.&nbsp;<\/em>Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecnh c\u1edd n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 Sirivaddaka (ng\u01b0\u1eddi gia t\u1ed1 tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7\u201d hay&nbsp;<em>Dhanavaddhaka (\u2018gia t\u1ed1 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n\u2019) v\u00ec&nbsp;<\/em>t\u00ean n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m g\u00ec t\u1edbi \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>49. \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u2019 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, [c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t: kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ham\u0101y\u0101 hay&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u00e0 vua Suddhodana ban t\u1eb7ng, ho\u1eb7c do t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con hay do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Sakka, Santusita v.v&#8230; ban t\u1eb7ng, theo nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o S<em>\u0101riputta cho&nbsp;<\/em>bi\u1ebft:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn65\">[65]<\/a>&nbsp;\u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u201d \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean do ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1eb7t cho. T\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u2019 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c&#8230;l\u00e0 [c\u00e2y] \u2018B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1\u2019 (<em>Nd.&nbsp;<\/em>1. 143: xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ch. 1 \u00a718).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>50. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ed3ng danh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018Bhag\u012b bhaj\u012b bhaj\u012b vibhattav\u0101 iti<br>Ak\u0101si bhaggan ti gar\u016b ti bh\u0101gyav\u0101.<br>Bhavantago so bhagav\u0101 ti vuccati\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018V\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c,l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng lui t\u1edbi (bhagi), m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1 (bhagi), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch (vibhattava), ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1eeb b\u1ecf (akasi bhaggam), ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac may m\u1eafn (bhagyava).Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o tu ti\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch.(subhavitattano).Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00edch con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (bhav-anto-go(: nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u201d (bhagava).\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3ng danh n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau l\u00ean trong Kinh&nbsp;<em>Niddesa (Nd.&nbsp;<\/em>1. 142)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn66\">[66]<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>51.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 h\u1ed3ng danh n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018Bh\u0101gyav\u0101 bhaggav\u0101 yutto bhagehi ca vibhattav\u0101,<br>Bh\u0101ttav\u0101 vantagamano bhavesu bhagav\u0101 tato\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>(\u2018ng<\/em>\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadt may m\u1eafn (<em>bhagyava),&nbsp;<\/em>ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, (<em>bhaggava)&nbsp;<\/em>ng\u00e0i li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c (<em>yutto bhagehi).<\/em>V\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm l\u00e3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng (<em>vibhattava);&nbsp;<\/em>Ng\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean lui t\u1edbi (<em>bhattava)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf, \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi,&nbsp;<em>(Vanta-Gamano-BHAvesu),<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n (<em>bhagava)\u2019)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>52. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t trong ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0, \u2018Gia t\u0103ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea7n, thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt c\u00e1c v\u1ea7n\u2019&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn67\">[67]<\/a>&nbsp;ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1 bi\u1ec7t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u00e8n (lu\u1eadt hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00eam \u00e2m) theo nh\u01b0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u2018Pisodara, v.v&#8230;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn68\">[68]<\/a>&nbsp;ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u1edbi t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u201d (<em>bhagava)&nbsp;<\/em>khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc (<em>bhagyava)&nbsp;<\/em>do ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c&nbsp;<em>(bhagya)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edd b\u00ean kia \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed Ba-la-m\u1eadt, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi ba-la-m\u1eadt, v.v&#8230;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn69\">[69]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra [<strong>108<\/strong>] h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>53. [T\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady] ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u201d (<em>bhagava)&nbsp;<\/em>khi ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u2018\u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf\u201d&nbsp;<em>(bhaggava)&nbsp;<\/em>do b\u1edfi c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng c\u01a1n gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u00e3i b\u1ecf. V\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n v\u1ea1n th\u1ee9 l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, n\u00f3ng s\u1ed1t v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i tham d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, si m\u00ea, v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u00fd l\u1ec7ch l\u1ea1c; nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u00e0m v\u00e0 v\u00f4 u\u00fd, nh\u01b0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 khinh mi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111o\u00e1n, nh\u01b0 ghen t\u1ecb v\u00e0 keo ki\u1ec7t, l\u1eeba \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 gian l\u1eadn, ngoan c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ng\u1ea1o m\u1ea1n, t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh, c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1t \u00e1i v\u00e0 v\u00f4 minh; nh\u01b0 tam c\u0103n b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n , phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, c\u00e1c tu\u1edfng h\u01b0 c\u1ea5u, c\u00e1c t\u1ea7m v\u00e0 t\u1ee9; li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n t\u00ednh \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u ph\u01b0\u1ee3c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5p th\u1ee7; li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m t\u00e2m hoang vu, ki\u1ebft s\u1eed, tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i v\u00e0 si m\u00ea, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn s\u00e1u c\u0103n g\u00e2y b\u1ea5t h\u00f2a, v\u00e0 \u00e1i s\u1eafc, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y tu\u1ef3 mi\u00ean, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian. Ch\u00edn ph\u00e1p \u00e1i d\u1ee5c, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o; s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i hai lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m l\u1ebb t\u00e1m c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u00e1i d\u1ee5c&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn70\">[70]<\/a>&nbsp;hay n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eed th\u1ea7n ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f2ng v\u0103n phong n\u00e0y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (bhagga) tham d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn.V\u00e0 c\u1ea3 si m\u00ea n\u1eefa; ng\u00e0i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c; M\u1ecdi \u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf:\u201c\u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u2019 c\u00f3 h\u1ed3ng danh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i th\u1eadt ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e1ng.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>54. V\u00e0 do ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, v\u1eadn may \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. L\u00e0m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m, h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c t\u1eeb b\u1ecf c\u00e1c khuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sau n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ai tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho th\u1ea5y l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn71\">[71]<\/a>&nbsp;n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sau ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia qui Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady n\u01a1i ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 tinh th\u1ea7n l\u1eabn th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia Qui Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u1edbi t\u00e0i th\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1p th\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ea3 tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c l\u1eabn si\u00eau th\u1ebf n\u1eefa .<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>55. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi v\u1edbi h\u1ed3ng danh l\u00e0 \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u2019 l\u00e0 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u (<em>bhagehi yuttatta)&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1u (<em>bhaga assa santi).&nbsp;<\/em>Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y n\u01a1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u201d (<em>bhaga)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i \u00fd ngh\u0129a. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau, si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng, danh ti\u1ebfng, huy ho\u00e0ng, \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng. Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 t\u00ednh si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i ch\u00ednh t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m n\u01a1i \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng\u2019 v.v&#8230;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn72\">[72]<\/a>&nbsp;ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh; [<strong>109<\/strong>] v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eady nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p si\u00eau th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n kh\u1eafp c\u1ea3 tam gi\u1edbi, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u00edch th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 ra n\u01a1i c\u00e1c chi, ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o n\u01a1i t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m ni\u1ec1m tr\u00f4ng c\u1eady (trong s\u00e1ng) n\u01a1i con m\u1eaft v\u00e0 t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111ang h\u0103m h\u1edf chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng th\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230; v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e1ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao, n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n, v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eb1m \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ng\u00e0i ho\u1eb7c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra cho ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 thi\u00ean h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng n\u01a1i to\u00e0n c\u00f5i th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>56. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u201d (<em>bhagava)&nbsp;<\/em>khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u2019 (<em>vibhattava) do<\/em>&nbsp;kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00e0nh ba lo\u1ea1i [thi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u00f4 k\u00fd] \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n&#8230;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n, c\u00e1c x\u1ee9, c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi, c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n, y t\u01b0\u01a1ng sinh, v.v&#8230;; hay c\u00f2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf, l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, h\u1eefu vi bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, g\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec5u. V\u00e0 v\u1ec1 T\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n chia l\u00e0m b\u1ed1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: t\u00edch l\u0169y, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, h\u1ec7 lu\u1ef5 v\u00e0 tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i. C\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, vi\u1ec5n ly, v\u00f4 vi, v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. C\u00f2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ebf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n \u00fd ngh\u0129a: l\u1ed1i tho\u00e1t, c\u0103n nh\u00e2n, tri ki\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh tru\u1edfng. (<em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ps.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 19) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 ra, v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>57. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u2019 (<em>bhagava)&nbsp;<\/em>do ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean lui t\u1edbi, th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean tu t\u1eadp, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p cao nh\u00e2n hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf v\u00e0 si\u00eau th\u1ebf nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean tr\u00fa ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa, v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh tr\u00fa&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn73\">[73]<\/a>&nbsp;l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh: th\u00e2n vi\u1ec5n ly, t\u00e2m vi\u1ec5n ly, v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec5n ly kh\u1ecfi hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn74\">[74]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u00f2n ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ec1 tr\u1ed1ng r\u1ed7ng v\u00f4 nguy\u1ec7n, v\u00f4 t\u01b0\u1edbng, gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>58. Ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u2019 (<em>bhagava)&nbsp;<\/em>khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu\u2019 (<em>vantagamano bhavesu)&nbsp;<\/em>do \u00e1i d\u1ee5c c\u00e1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ecnh\u201d (s\u1ef1 \u0111i) (<em>gamana)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu (<em>bhava)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u1ecfi&nbsp;<em>vanta.&nbsp;<\/em>V\u00e0 m\u1eabu t\u1ef1&nbsp;<em>bha&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u1ecfi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>bhava&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>ga&nbsp;<\/em>do t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>gamana&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>va&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u1ecfi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>vanta&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1edbi ch\u1eef&nbsp;<em>a&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb<em>&nbsp;bha-ga-va&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p) v\u1edbi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>mekhala (\u2018c\u00e1i \u0111ai\u2019)<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00ec<em>&nbsp;MEhanassa KHAssa maLA (\u2018v\u00f2ng hoa \u0111eo \u1edf ph\u1ea7n b\u1ee5ng\u2019)&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn75\">[75]<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>59. [<strong>110<\/strong>] \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u201cT\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u00e9 m\u1edf cho th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 theo nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe. Theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 an \u1ee7i nh\u1eefng ai \u0111ang th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt [v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho h\u1ecd] \u2018\u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 qu\u00e1 c\u1ed1; \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 [s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng] c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh b\u1ea1n.\u2019 R\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n \u2018v\u00e0o\u2019 nh\u00e2n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u2019 tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t chung cu\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt]. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch [g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng] \u2018ngay c\u1ea3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf cao si\u00eau n\u00e0y, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ef1c, c\u00f3 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u1eafm \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t chung cu\u1ed9c, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, l\u1ebd n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i nu\u00f4i hy v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c n\u00e0y? Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e2m n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb say m\u00ea v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh v\u00f4 ngh\u0129a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ea5y l\u00ean n\u01a1i h\u1ecd l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u201cnh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t (v\u1ebb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng) c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o l\u00fd ng\u00e0i, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u2018 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe\u2019, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u2018 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3\u2019, l\u00e0 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u2018\u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n\u201d l\u00e0 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 v\u1eady (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>60.<em>&nbsp;\u0110ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i S\u0101vatthi<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>S\u0101vatthiyam viharati):&nbsp;<\/em>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y&nbsp;<em>S\u0101vatthi<\/em>&nbsp;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn76\">[76]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri&nbsp;<em>S\u0101vattha&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed5i t\u00ean th\u00e0nh&nbsp;<em>S\u0101vatthi<\/em>&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i th\u00e0nh gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0&nbsp;<em>K\u0101kand\u012b v<\/em>\u00e0<em>&nbsp;M\u0101kandi; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean h\u1ecdc [\u0111\u00e3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eebng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t] \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i cho l\u00e0 \u2018 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u00edch l\u1ee3i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y (<em>sabbam ettha atthi),&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>S\u0101vatthi<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 khi c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n du m\u1ee5c g\u1eb7p nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u201c\u1ede \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec t\u1ed1t di\u1ec5n ra? V\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1ea5t bi\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng v\u1eady \u201cC\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3\u201d (<em>sabbam atthi),&nbsp;<\/em>th\u1ebf n\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>S\u0101vatthi<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Gi\u1edd th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1<br>h\u1ecd lu\u00f4n bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ea1i&nbsp;<\/em>S<em>\u0101vatthi ;<br>v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9&nbsp;<\/em>&#8211;&nbsp;<em>sabbam atthi-<br>c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 t\u00ean th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1edf trong \u0111\u00f3.<br>l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 vua Kosalans<br>l\u00e0m lo\u00e1 t\u00e2m th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i con m\u1eaft<br>c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng l\u00fac n\u00e0o tai kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 \u00e2m thanh<br>v\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi no n\u00ea<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[<strong>111<\/strong>]&nbsp;<em>C\u01b0 d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9<br>th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tao nh\u00e3.<br>M\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec s\u00e1nh n\u1ed5i ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i<br>\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0100lakamand\u0101 kinh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u1eady<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>T\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh&nbsp;<em>S\u0101vatthi<\/em>: v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>61.&nbsp;<em>\u0110ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa (viharati)<\/em>: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb d\u00f9ng \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u01a1i \u1edf n\u00e0y, n\u01a1i \u1edf n\u1ecd (<em>vihara)&nbsp;<\/em>bao g\u1ed3m t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n oai nghi, \u0111i \u0111\u1ee9ng n\u1eb1m ng\u1ed3i. V\u00e0 ba n\u01a1i tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m n\u01a1i thi\u00ean tr\u00fa, ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa v\u00e0 th\u00e1nh tr\u00fa. Nh\u01b0ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00f3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u d\u00e1ng \u0111i\u1ec7u trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c oai nghi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0111i, ng\u1ed3i name, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (<em>viharati &#8211; l\u01b0u tr\u00fa) ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 khi ng\u00e0i<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang \u0111i, \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i ho\u1eb7c \u0111ang n\u1eb1m. V\u00ec do k\u1ebft th\u00fac m\u1ed9t t\u01b0 th\u1ebf g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu (<em>VI cchinditva)&nbsp;<\/em>th\u00ec ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t oai nghi kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang theo<em>&nbsp;(HARATI)<\/em>&nbsp;ch\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, bi\u1ebfn n\u00f3 lu\u00f4n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho l\u1ee5n b\u1ea1i \u0111i; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i \u201cng\u00e0i \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa (t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3-abiding).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>62.&nbsp;<em>Trong khu r\u1eebng Jeta<\/em>&nbsp;<em>(Jetavane):<\/em>&nbsp;ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i (<em>jin\u0101ti)&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng (<em>Jeta).&nbsp;<\/em>Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i hay c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c vua \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i (<em>jiti),&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra, (<em>jata)<\/em>, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng<em>. (Jeta).&nbsp;<\/em>Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ngo\u00e0i \u01b0\u1edbc ao r\u1eb1ng t\u00ean ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ng\u00e0i nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng (<em>Jeta).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>63. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean, (<em>vanayati, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu r\u1eebng (vana);&nbsp;<\/em>n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra l\u00f2ng qu\u00ed m\u1ebfn n\u01a1i ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng. \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi&nbsp;<em>(xin \u0111\u1ecdc Netti.&nbsp;<\/em>81). Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd (<em>vanute),&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng (<em>vana);&nbsp;<\/em>\u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau c\u00fac cu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u00fac sanh bay tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed9c do s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba m\u1ee9a kh\u00f3i nhang v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i hoa v\u00e0 v\u1edbi m\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbng&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn77\">[77]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u1ee7a c\u00e0nh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y, qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1n l\u00e1 xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111ong \u0111\u01b0a trong lu\u1ed3ng gi\u00f3 nh\u1eb9 th\u1ed5i, th\u1eadt s\u1ef1, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111ang v\u1eaby m\u1eddi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh \u201ch\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee9c t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>64. \u2018V\u00f9ng r\u1eebng Jeta\u2019 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng t\u1ea1i Jeta (<em>Jetavanam=jetassa vanam \u2013 (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p<em>) v\u00ec c<\/em>\u00e1nh r\u1eebng n\u00e0y do ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Jeta tr\u1ed3ng, tr\u00f4ng nom v\u00e0 canh gi\u1eef. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e0nh r\u1eebng Jeta (c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Jeta): trong c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng c\u1ee7a Jeta.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>65.<em>C\u00f4ng vi\u00ean An\u0101thapin\u1e0dika (An\u0101thapin\u1e0dikassa \u0101r\u0101me): n<\/em>g\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 gia nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sudatta, nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi do cha m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1eb7t cho. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ban cho \u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng keo ki\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u1ef3 v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa cho nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u00d4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0103n (<em>pinda)&nbsp;<\/em>cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t l\u1ef1c&nbsp;<em>(anatha) ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 \u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 An\u0101thapin\u1e0dika (\u2018<\/em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi nu\u00f4i \u0103n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1\u2019)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>66. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c sanh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac) (<em>\u0101ramanti) hay&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia Quy Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i, [t\u00ecm l\u1ee3i \u00edch] nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean\u2019 (<em>\u0101r\u0101ma- n\u01a1i ti\u00eau khi\u1ec3n);&nbsp;<\/em>\u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00ec s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a hoa, qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 t\u00e1n l\u00e1, v.v&#8230; [trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t] v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1ebb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng v\u1edbi n\u0103m y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u (xin \u0111\u1ecdc A. v. 15 tr\u00edch \u1edf ch. iii \u00a78) kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 xa kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n, v.v&#8230; [trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9 hai] h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec \u0111\u0103c t\u00ednh \u01b0u vi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng n\u01a1i lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111en l\u1ea1i (<em>\u0101netv\u0101a)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u01b0\u1edfng ngo\u1ea1n (rameti) trong \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e3 ra ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean\u2019 (<em>\u0101ar\u0101ama \u2013 n\u01a1i vui ch\u01a1i)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>67. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 h\u1ed9&nbsp;<em>An\u0101thapindika&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 mua l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean t\u1eeb tay ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Jeta b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ecf ra 18 Kotis (ng\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng) \u0111\u1ec3 mua c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho x\u00e2y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kinh ph\u1ec9 kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9 18 kotis (ng\u00e0n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0ng) n\u1eefa v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 cho s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 h\u01a1n 18 Kotis n\u1eefa n\u00e2ng con s\u1ed1 t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed l\u00ean t\u1edbi 54 Kotis (kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9 5,400.000) mi\u1ebfng v\u00e0ng, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00fang du\u1eddng cho T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng vi\u00ean&nbsp;<em>An\u0101thapindika\u2019 (<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc Vin. ii. 158). Trong c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean&nbsp;<em>An\u0101thapindika&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>68.&nbsp;<\/em>C\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u2018trong khu r\u1eebng Jeta\u2019 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t trong khi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u2018c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean&nbsp;<em>An\u0101thapindika\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2y? Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u00e0 [\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n] nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5; tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi d\u1ee9t kho\u00e1t cho c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u2018 kinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u\u201d v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, [t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady] \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn78\">[78]<\/a>&nbsp;V\u00ec, trong khi x\u00e2y c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o c\u0103n nh\u00e0, th\u00ec 18 kotis nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c b\u00e1n \u0111\u1ea5t, v\u00e0 c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i trong mi\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u kotis n\u1eefa ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Jeta. \u0110ang khi \u0111\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i&nbsp;<em>An\u0101thapindika&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1ea1i l\u00ean t\u1edbi 54 Kotis. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, trong vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn hai nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, Ng\u00e0i Ananda cho th\u1ea5y l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c [t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf] \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ai \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau th\u1eafc m\u1eafc: N\u1ebfu \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa l\u1ea1i Savatthi tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, r\u1ed3i t\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng Jeta, th\u00ec c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean&nbsp;<em>An\u0101thapindika&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec Savatthi\u2019 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. V\u00ec ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf hai n\u01a1i [<strong>113<\/strong>] v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi nh\u01b0 sau: ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean \u2018v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u201cv\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn\u201d (\u00a7 60) sao? K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n gia s\u00fac \u0111ang \u0111i lang thang trong v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 Jumma, v.v&#8230; m\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i ch\u00fang \u0111ang \u0111i ki\u1ebfm \u0103n trong s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, \u0111i lang thang trong v\u00f9ng Jumna.\u2019 Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng v\u1eady. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng Jeta v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean&nbsp;<em>An\u0101thapindika&nbsp;<\/em>k\u1ebf c\u1eadn v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng Savatthi. Khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Savatthi, trong khu r\u1eebng Jeta v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean&nbsp;<em>An\u0101thapindika.\u201d&nbsp;<\/em>V\u00ec t\u1eeb \u2018Savatthi\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 v\u00f9ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i x\u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia Quy Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>69. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u1edd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn Savatthi, Ng\u00e0i Ananda ch\u1ec9 ra cho th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1eefu v\u00e0 do t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn khu r\u1eebng Jeta, ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra cho th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia Qui Ph\u1eadt. C\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra cho th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1nh kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng (b\u1ed1n) nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn d\u00e2ng c\u00fang y c\u00e0 sa, \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. N\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. V\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecba danh th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ec9 r\u00f5 vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt theo \u0111u\u1ed5i x\u00e1 gi\u1ea3i cho nh\u1eefng \u0111am m\u00ea d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c trong vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0i lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c tr\u1ea7n. V\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra cho th\u1ea5y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt quan t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i theo \u0111u\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00f4 gia c\u01b0. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn th\u00f4ng qua l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi v\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec ng\u00e0i r\u00fat lui th\u00f4ng qua tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho th\u1ea5y l\u00f2ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n lo \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c cho ch\u00fang sanh. C\u00f2n vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 hai cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n trong vi\u1ec7c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c cho ch\u00fang sanh; vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ti\u1ec7n nghi l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng an l\u1ea1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p. v\u00e0 nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 hai, [n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ti\u1ec7n nghi] l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ph\u00e1p cao nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n; nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c \u00edch l\u1ee3i to l\u1edbn ng\u00e0i \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 hai l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn ng\u00e0i \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean; v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 cho th\u1ea5y ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng n\u01a1i tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ee9 hai cho th\u1ea5y t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb th\u1ebf gian \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng, v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>70.<em>&nbsp;R\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 (atha)&nbsp;<\/em>hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n.&nbsp;<em>Kho&nbsp;<\/em>(kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch) ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ti\u1ec3u t\u1eeb hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn79\">[79]<\/a>&nbsp;Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 ra cho th\u1ea5y \u0111ang khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Savatthi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, th\u00ec m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c n\u1ea9y sanh. v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec v\u1eady? \u2018M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u2019 v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>71. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y,&nbsp;<em>m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb (Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean) n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 (a\u00f1\u00f1atara)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, v\u00ec \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh do t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i hay ch\u1ee7ng t\u1ed9c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3\u2019, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean (<em>devata- gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i) c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean (deva-gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c) v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<\/em>[danh t\u1ef1 thu\u1ed9c gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i] th\u00ec c\u0169ng th\u00f4ng d\u1ee5ng cho c\u1ea3 hai gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y[<strong>114<\/strong>] l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ef1c. L\u1ea1i l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean; nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n\u2019 l\u00e0 v\u00ec t\u1eeb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng chung cho c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00e1i.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn80\">[80]<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>72.&nbsp;<em>V\u00e0o h\u1ea1 tu\u1ea7n canh \u0111\u00eam (abhikkantaya rattiya):<\/em>&nbsp;\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>abhikkanta&nbsp;<\/em>hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng th\u1ee9 t\u01b0,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn81\">[81]<\/a>&nbsp;t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb9p xinh x\u1eafn, ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p, v.v&#8230; \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018\u0111\u00eam \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac (<em>abhikkanta),&nbsp;<\/em>canh nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac. \u0110o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n. Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i Ng\u00e0i, C\u1ea7u mong \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ee5ng l\u00ean gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u\u2019 (Vin. ii. 236; A. iv. 204) \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1eafp k\u1ebft th\u00fac. (khaya). Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00eam v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng (<em>bahikkanta) \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ng\u00e0y m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1n, ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m sau r\u1eb1m. (<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 20) Nh\u01b0ng trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i ghi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>abhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101t\u0101 thay cho&nbsp;<\/em>t\u1eeb (<em>abhikkanta.)<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn82\">[82]<\/a>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m sau tu\u1ea7n tr\u0103ng r\u1eb1m (<em>pabbaniya).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt nh\u1ea5t (<em>abhikkantatara) v\u00e0 cao c\u1ea3 h\u01a1n b\u1ed1n nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3.\u2019 (A.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 101) \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t (<em>sandara).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u201cK\u1ebb n\u00e0o l\u1ea1y d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n ta \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng vang d\u1ed9i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 t\u00ecnh y\u00eau c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i (<em>abhikkanta) chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y t\u00e1m sau r\u1eb1m v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed1i chang \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eady? (Vv.&nbsp;<\/em>49) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb9p trai m\u1ef9 mi\u1ec1u. (<em>abhirupa).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n. \u2018<em>\u00d4i cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng thay, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m!\u2019 Vin.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 6;&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 24) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi. \u00dd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n canh trong \u0111\u00eam (\u0111\u00eam g\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 s\u00e1ng)\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00eam g\u1ea7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>73.&nbsp;<em>\u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. (abhikkantavanna)<\/em>: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u2018t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec9nh\u2019 (<em>abhikkanta)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p trai. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>vanna&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1ea1i \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 n\u01b0\u1edbc da, (m\u1ea7u da), l\u1eddi ca ng\u1ee3i, nh\u00f3m b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c (<em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p),&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00fd do, h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng, chi\u1ec1u cao, th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e3n quan) v.v&#8230; V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018\u00d4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, n\u01b0\u1edbc da c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 m\u1ea7u v\u00e0ng \u00f3ng (<em>suvannavanna)\u2019 (Sn. 548)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00e0n da. (<em>chavi).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018H\u1ee1i v\u1ecb gia ch\u1ee7, khi n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 khen ng\u1ee3i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m\u2019 (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 91). \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m s\u1eafc t\u1ed9c (<em>kulavagga).<\/em>&nbsp;Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201c<em>th\u00f4ng qua d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u&nbsp;<\/em>[<strong>115<\/strong>]<em>&nbsp;n\u00e0o nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e2n c\u01b0\u1edbp h\u01b0\u01a1ng nhang?\u2019 (S.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 204) \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00fd do, trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng (<em>vanna)&nbsp;<\/em>m\u1ed9t c\u1ed7 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ho\u00e0ng cung v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i\u2019 (S. i. 104), \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh d\u00e1ng (<em>Santhana).<\/em>&nbsp;Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u2018ba k\u00edch c\u1ee1 (<em>vanna)&nbsp;<\/em>b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c\u2019. (<em>Vin.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 243) \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng. (<em>pamana),&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cM\u00e0u s\u1eafc, kh\u00ed, v\u1ecb, v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c; (<em>Vis.<\/em>&nbsp;Ch. xi. \u00a7\u00a788\/tr.. 364), \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1eafc x\u1ee9. (<em>rupayatana).&nbsp;<\/em>\u01a0 \u0111\u00e2y ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc da (n\u01b0\u1edbc da) do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p n\u01b0\u1edbc da c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3\u2019.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>74.&nbsp;<em>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9&#8230;(kevalakappam)<\/em>: gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>kevala&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau: kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng pha tr\u1ed9n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec h\u01a1n, v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch, v.v&#8230; V\u00ec trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u2018cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ho\u00e0n h\u1ea3o v\u00e0 thanh t\u1ecbnh&#8230;\u2019(<em>D.<\/em>&nbsp;i. 62.) \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc. (<em>annavasesata).<\/em>&nbsp;Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201cTo\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Anga v\u00e0 Magadha s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111em theo r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m\u2019 (Vin. i. 27) \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn (th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m) (yebhuyyata)&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018 v\u1eabn t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u2019 (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 1) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng pha tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn. (<em>avayamissata).&nbsp;<\/em>trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018Ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t do ni\u1ec1m tin (<em>kevala) m\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o n\u00e0y&#8230; \u2018(A.&nbsp;<\/em>iii., 376) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 (<em>anatireka).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201c Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Anurudha t\u00ean l\u00e0 Bahika \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 l\u1eadp tr\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n (<em>kevalakappa)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1i ly gi\u00e1o trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0.\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 239) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn (<em>dalhatthata).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018k\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i (<em>kevali),<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn83\">[83]<\/a><em>&nbsp;s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t si\u00eau nh\u00e2n\u2019 ng\u01b0\u1eddi si\u00eau ph\u00e0m (A. v. 16)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t.&nbsp;<em>(visamyoga)&nbsp;<\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00fd ngh\u0129a l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>kappa<\/em>&nbsp;c\u0169ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee9c tin<em>.<\/em>&nbsp;T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, th\u1eddi gian, c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t, gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, chia s\u1ebb, ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn84\">[84]<\/a>v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn, v.v&#8230;V\u00ec trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201c \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tin l\u00e0 (<em>okappaniya)&nbsp;<\/em>[\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh] c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt C\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0m v\u00ec ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n ,Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng ch\u00e1nh gi\u00e1c.\u2019 (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 249) \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t&nbsp;<em>cu\u1ed9c luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp ni\u1ec1m tin (abhisaddahana).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, t\u00f4i cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng hoa qu\u1ea3 (tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y) th\u1ec3 theo n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p.\u2019&nbsp;<em>(vin.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 109) [<strong>119<\/strong>] \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p (vohara). Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean (<em>niccak\u00e2pp)&nbsp;<\/em>tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u00f3 (<em>m.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 249) \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian (<em>kala).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018 Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf Ng\u00e0i Kappa&#8230;\u2019 (<em>Sn.&nbsp;<\/em>1092) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3.&nbsp;<em>(pa\u00f1\u00f1atti) [<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean ri\u00eang]. Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n \u2018 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trang ho\u00e0ng, v\u1edbi t\u00f3c r\u00e2u t\u1ec9a ng\u1eafn\u2019 (<em>kappati)\u2019 (Ja. vi.&nbsp;<\/em>268) \u0111\u00e2y l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a&nbsp;<em>(chedana).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018D\u00e0i hai gang tay cho ph\u00e9p (<em>kappa)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p<em>&nbsp;(kappiti)\u2019 (Vin.&nbsp;<\/em>ii, 294) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch (<em>vikappa).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1eb1m ngh\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng kh\u1eafc.(<em>kappa) (A.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 333) \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf.<em>(lesa).<\/em>&nbsp;Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018khi\u1ebfn to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 (<em>kevalakappa)<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ea3nh r\u1eebng tre ch\u00e1y \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c\u2019 (<em>S.<\/em>&nbsp;i. 66) \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ph\u1ee5 c\u1eadn (<em>samantabhava).&nbsp;<\/em>Tuy nhi\u00ean \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee7 \u00fd nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi. Do \u0111\u00f3, \u2018to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng Jeta \u2018 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018khu r\u1eebng Jeta c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc.\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>75.&nbsp;<em>Khi\u1ebfn cho&#8230;\u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c l\u00ean (obhasetva)<\/em>: lu\u1ed3ng \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng lan tr\u00e0n kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng r\u1eb1m v\u00e0 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi v\u1eady; \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0, \u2018bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3n l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ef1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9.\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>76.<em>&nbsp;Ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (yena bhagava ten\u2019upasankami \u2013 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0:<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u1edd v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.\u2019): d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng [nh\u1edd c\u00e1c t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>yena&#8230;tena&nbsp;<\/em>(nh\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3&#8230; th\u00f4ng qua \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3\u2019)]l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch; do \u0111\u00f3, \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u2018 N\u01a1i n\u00e0o&nbsp;<em>(yattha)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa, th\u00ec (<em>tattha) ng\u00e0i ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n.\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c v\u00ec b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fd do g\u00ec (<em>yena karanesa)<\/em>&nbsp;c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, do ch\u00ednh l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3 (<em>ten\u2019eva karanena)&nbsp;<\/em>ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt]\u2019 v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00fd do g\u00ec m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt? V\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ecm ra cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 lu\u00f4n l\u00fac n\u00e0o c\u0169ng mang \u0111\u1ea7y hoa tr\u00e1i [m\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n chim c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fac n\u00e0o.] v\u1edbi \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 hoa tr\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0111\u00f3. \u2018ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018\u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>77.&nbsp;<em>v\u00e0 (<\/em>sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013&nbsp;<em>upasankamitva):<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn85\">[85]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ra cho th\u1ea5y giai \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ebft th\u00fac vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi g\u1ea7n; ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u2018Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1edfi v\u1eady, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i t\u1edbi v\u00f9ng l\u00e2n c\u1eadn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cm\u1ed9t n\u01a1i g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n.\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>78.&nbsp;<em>Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 ng\u00e0i (bhagavantam abhivadetva):<\/em>&nbsp;sau khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e0o ng\u00e0i. T\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>79. \u1ede<em>&nbsp;m\u1ed9t b\u00ean. (ekam antam):&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u1edf th\u1ec3 trung t\u00ednh; \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u2018 \u1edf m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai. B\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u1eeb n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u1edf b\u1ed5 c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u theo v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>80. [<strong>117<\/strong>]&nbsp;<em>Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng (atthasi):&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e0nh vi ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c; \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111ang ch\u1ecdn t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ee9ng ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng. Nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. M\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean.\u2019?<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng] ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u1edf ph\u00eda sau. Kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 g\u1ea7n m\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng qu\u00e1 xa. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf tr\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3: ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i do gi\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng: Ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sai ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi ng\u00e0i, ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>81. Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i? Ch\u1ec9 do \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ec khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n v\u00ec b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u00fd do g\u00ec l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u00f3i quen trong s\u00e1ng l\u1ea1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u1edf ngay h\u1ed1 x\u00ed. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gh\u00ea t\u1edfm cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch xa c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m d\u1eadm do c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i. V\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e2u c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ea3ng kho\u00e1i g\u00ec trong \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e0ng nhanh c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eady c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi ti\u1ec1m t\u00e0ng trong ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111i, \u0111\u1ee9ng. v.v&#8230; \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xua \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ng\u1ed3i \u0111\u00f3; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i; v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i l\u00e0 do mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng chung quanh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i l\u00e0 do mu\u1ed1n t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt V\u00ec khi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n ng\u1ed3i xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc gh\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thi\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u00e0i \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t b\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 chi \u0111\u1ebfn t\u01b0 th\u1ebf ng\u1ed3i l\u00e0m chi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>82.&nbsp;<em>V\u00e0 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf (ekam antam thita kho sa devata \u2013 ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ee9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3)&nbsp;<\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 \u1edf m\u1ed9t ph\u00eda v\u00ec nh\u1eefng l\u00fd do theo c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>83. V<em>\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau (Bhagavantam gathaya ajjhabhasi):&nbsp;<\/em>\u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi k\u1ec7:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 k\u1ec3<br>\u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh<br>mong \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh s\u1ebd \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn<br>\u00d4i \u0111\u1ea5ng t\u1ed1i cao! h\u00e3y gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>84. (3) V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 sau \u2018nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u201cnh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u00fd ngh\u0129a, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kinh \u0111\u00f3\u2019 (\u00a73) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kinh \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean sau khi ch\u00fang ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i [<strong>118<\/strong>] v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng k\u1ec7 tr\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>85. Ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh ph\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u? H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp nhau l\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ch\u1ed7 kia ngay t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nh\u1eefng chuy\u1ec7n k\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i lai kh\u00e1c nhau, t\u1ef7 nh\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Rape th\u00e0nh Sita v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i, m\u1ed7i c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac trong b\u1ed1n th\u00e1ng. Trong qui tr\u00ecnh kinh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018\u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh?\u2019 \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe th\u1ea5y n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3? \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a ra l\u00e0m sao? Ai trong ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec n\u00e0o? Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 cho l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng \u201c T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3\u201d \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y. V\u00ec h\u00ecnh th\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn ra.Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. th\u1ee9c d\u1eady r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t con chim bi\u1ebft n\u00f3i&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn86\">[86]<\/a>&nbsp;hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y bilva non hay m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef mang thai ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a b\u00e9 t\u00f4 \u0111i\u1ec3m qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o l\u1ed9ng l\u1eaby ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c hay m\u1ed9t con c\u00e1 ph\u00e8n t\u01b0\u01a1i r\u00f3i hay m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a n\u00f2i hay m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfn xa v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con ng\u1ef1a n\u00f2i k\u00e9o xe hay m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c hay con b\u00f2 s\u1eefa hay m\u1ed9t con b\u00f2 m\u1ea7u n\u00e2u. Hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f2n nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn ra.\u201d C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. R\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nh\u1eadn m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 nghe th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Th\u01b0a qu\u00fd v\u1ecb, con m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u trong s\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh c\u1ea3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe th\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. [<strong>119<\/strong>] Tr\u00e1i l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. V\u00ec \u00e2m thanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe th\u1ea5y. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, th\u1ee9c d\u1eady r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm, nghe th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t t\u00ean \u201cVaddha\u201d hay Vaddhamana\u2019 hay Punna\u2019 ho\u1eb7c Phussa\u2019 hay Sumana hay Siri\u2019 hay Sirivaddha\u2019 [\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f3ng l\u00ean]&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn87\">[87]<\/a>&nbsp;ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nghe th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 \u2018h\u00f4m nay giao h\u1ed9i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i sao \u0111\u1eb9p\u2019 hay \u2018 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ed1t\u2019 hay \u2018h\u00f4m nay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb9p\u2019 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u2018 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh\u2019 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nghe th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe th\u1ea5y.\u2019 C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn li\u1ec1n tranh lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c cho l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: Th\u01b0a qu\u00ed v\u1ecb, tai nghe th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u, nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 ch\u1ecbu c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. Th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111i\u1ec1u ta c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. V\u00ec m\u00f9i v\u1ecb, h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y. Th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi: th\u1ee9c d\u1eady r\u1ea5t s\u1edbm v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng, ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t m\u00f9i hoa k\u1ec7m ph\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng sen. Hay nhai ph\u1ea3i chi\u1ebfc t\u0103m x\u1ec9a r\u0103ng hay \u0111\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea5t hay \u0111\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i m\u00f9a m\u00e0ng c\u00f2n xanh. Hay \u0111\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1i hay m\u1ed9t con r\u00f9a ho\u1eb7c g\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t r\u1ed5 v\u1eebng m\u00e8 hay hoa qu\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00e1t t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t s\u00e9t ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o \u0111\u1eb9p hay \u0111\u1ed9i m\u1ed9t kh\u0103n x\u1ebfp, ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i m\u00f9i v\u1ecb n\u1ebfm th\u1eed m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb, s\u1edd m\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i v\u1eadt d\u1ee5ng g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ea5y.\u201d C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, k\u1ebb n\u00e0o cho l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ai \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u1ebfu ai ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh th\u00ec b\u1ecf \u0111i n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u201cch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec m\u1eaft nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.\u2019 trong khi \u0111\u00f3 ai ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe th\u1ea5y m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. V\u00e0 ai cho l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh c\u0169ng b\u1ecf \u0111i v\u00e0 n\u00f3i y h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u201cch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh.\u201d Hay ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh\u201d \u2018&nbsp;<em>(Nd.&nbsp;<\/em>2<em>&nbsp;ad Sn.&nbsp;<\/em>789<em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>86. V\u00ec v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 di\u1ec5n ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. V\u00e0 \u1edf kh\u1eafp \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh b\u00e8 ph\u00e1i [<strong>120<\/strong>] \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh: V\u1eady \u201c\u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?\u201d V\u1ecb th\u1ea7n canh gi\u1eef con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nghe th\u1ea5y c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. R\u1ed3i ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y nghe c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean tr\u00ean h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi&#8230;.v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u01a1i c\u00f5i T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lan truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i xa x\u00f4i&#8230; R\u1ed3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i s\u1eafc c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh (Akanni\u1e6d\u1e6dha) l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i Thi\u1ec7n Hi\u1ec7n (Sudassi) n\u01a1i c\u00f5i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean. Khi h\u1ecd nghe th\u1ea5y lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0n t\u00e1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u00f5i s\u1eafc c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh (Akanittha) c\u0169ng t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh lan r\u1ed9ng ra kh\u1eafp m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0n sa b\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn88\">[88]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 lan r\u1ed9ng ra kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u2018 \u0110i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!\u2019 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady!\u2019 \u0110\u00e3 m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m tr\u00f4i qua v\u00e0 v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t. Ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh [c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt] to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra th\u00e0nh ba phe: nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cho \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cho \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1eadu thu\u1eabn cho \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m n\u00e0o \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn chung cu\u1ed9c. \u2018Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh\u201d \u0103n kh\u1edbp th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra l\u00e0 \u2018c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n\u2019 \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>87. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ta th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng: n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng ni\u00ean k\u1ef7, n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng, n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng Gi\u00e1c Ng\u1ed9, n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>88. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i gi\u00e1c quan v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea1o tr\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f3c r\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t th\u1ea3m n\u00e3o, l\u1ea5y tay lau v\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, m\u1eb7c \u00e1o nhu\u1ed9m v\u00e0 v\u00e1y h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c l\u1ed9n x\u1ed9n, \u0111i \u0111i l\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i c\u00f3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5, v\u00e0 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o: \u201c V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n n\u0103m s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian v\u0129nh h\u1eb1ng. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u0169ng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4 c\u1ea1n h\u1ebft n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai Sineru, ch\u00faa t\u1ec3 n\u00fai non tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e0y s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ti\u00eau hu\u1ef7 [<strong>121<\/strong>] v\u00e0 v\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Vi\u1ec7c t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y s\u1ebd lan r\u1ed9ng cho t\u1edbi c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean. H\u00e3y th\u1ef1c thi t\u1eeb t\u00e2m, bi t\u00e2m, h\u1ef7 t\u00e2m, x\u1ea3 t\u00e2m. th\u01b0a qu\u00ed v\u1ecb k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn, h\u00e3y ch\u0103m s\u00f3c m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y ch\u0103m s\u00f3c cha m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng c\u00e1c gi\u00e0 l\u00e0ng trong b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng xao l\u00e3ng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn!\u201d \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng thi\u00ean k\u1ef7 s\u1ebd di\u1ec5n ra.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>89. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi c\u0169ng r\u1ea3o kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi lui t\u1edbi, v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o: \u201c V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn89\">[89]<\/a>&nbsp;tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.\u2019 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m v\u1ec1 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>90. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u01a1i ng\u0169 t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn90\">[90]<\/a>&nbsp;c\u0169ng \u0103n m\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ec1, \u0111eo theo v\u00e0ng v\u00f2ng, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i kh\u0103n x\u1ebfp v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 m\u1eb7t l\u1ed9 v\u1ebb h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 sung s\u01b0\u1edbng. H\u1ecd \u0111i qua l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o: \u201cV\u00e0o l\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00fac thi\u00ean ni\u00ean V\u1ecb To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>91. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u01a1i c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh C\u01b0 c\u0169ng v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c suy ngh\u0129 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean l\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd r\u1ea3o t\u1edbi r\u1ea3o lui nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f4ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cCh\u1ec9 c\u00f2n m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m n\u1eefa m\u1ed9t \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>92. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 c\u0169ng r\u1ea3o t\u1edbi r\u1ea3o lui nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1o: \u2018 C\u00f2n b\u1ea3y n\u0103m n\u1eefa s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp t\u0129nh t\u1ecbch (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Sn.&nbsp;<\/em>698 tt.)\u2019 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea1iT\u0129nh T\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>93. Trong s\u1ed1 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u00ec n\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y khi\u1ebfn cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 chia th\u00e0nh ba phe c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y, coi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. R\u1ed3i sau khi nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c suy x\u00e9t n\u01a1i c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai n\u0103m c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft th\u00fac, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i c\u00f5i Tam Th\u1eadp Tam Thi\u00ean g\u1eb7p nhau v\u00e0 t\u1ee5 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i, h\u1ecd tham kh\u1ea3o \u00fd ki\u1ebfn l\u1eabn nhau nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cTh\u01b0a qu\u00ed ng\u00e0i, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u0103n h\u1ed9 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng chung s\u1ed1ng trong c\u0103n h\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3. \u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0ng [<strong>122<\/strong>] l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa trong ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 vua l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng chung s\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u1ec1 V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng Sakka, vua c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng v\u1eady th\u00f4i.\u2019 Do v\u1eady h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Sakka v\u00e0 sau khi k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 Sakka, thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eb7t ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi h\u00e0o quang v\u1edbi y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c bi\u1ec3u tu\u1ee3ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, bao quanh m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n tu\u1ef3 t\u00f9ng v\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 n\u1eef Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean xinh \u0111\u1eb9p. Ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean ngai c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch m\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecf ngay d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y Paricchattaka, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i.: \u2018Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i, ch\u1eafc ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111ang c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i cho l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u nghe th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i cho r\u1eb1ng: \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang. Th\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft bao n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng.\u2019 \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y cho d\u00f9 thi\u00ean vu\u01a1ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft cao si\u00eau b\u1ea9m sinh, \u1ea5y v\u1eady m\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u00f2n h\u1ecfi th\u00eam: \u201c L\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u1eady? H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u1ea1i: Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nghe th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Vu\u01a1ng\u2019. R\u1ed3i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u00ean Vu\u01a1ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u2018 h\u1ecd nghe t\u1eeb n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng Gian.\u2019 V\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng gian c\u00e3i l\u1ea1i:\u2019 Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u1ea7n linh \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i \u2018t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea1.\u2019 c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean h\u1ed9 m\u1ec7nh c\u0169ng l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:\u2018 \u0110i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d. R\u1ed3i v\u1ecb thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng h\u1ecfi, \u2018 \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2u? H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e1p l\u1ea1i \u2018n\u01a1i c\u00f5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi., th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i.\u2019 \u0110\u00e3 c\u00f3 ai h\u1ecfi v\u1ecb To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c n\u00e0y ch\u01b0a?\u2019 \u2013 Ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 ai h\u1ecfi, th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i\u2019 &#8211; th\u1ebf th\u00ec, th\u01b0a Qu\u00ed Ho\u00e0ng Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t l\u1eeda r\u1ed3i sao, h\u00e3y th\u1eafp l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u1ecdn l\u1eeda \u0111\u1ec3 soi s\u00e1ng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c xem sao. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 h\u00e3y ngh\u0129 xem ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec? \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i, th\u01b0a qu\u00ed ng\u00e0i, ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt xem sao; r\u1ed3i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u1ecfa \u0111\u00e1ng\u2019. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i h\u1ecfi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi con c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean: \u201cNh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a?\u201d.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>94. [<strong>123<\/strong>] Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, thi\u00ean t\u1eed trang \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0ng v\u00f2ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3, tr\u1edf n\u00ean ch\u00f3i l\u1ecdi gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 tia ch\u1edbp bao quanh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a to trong c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng Jeta v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng sang m\u1ed9t b\u00ean, r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i th\u1ed1t ra b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n nh\u01b0 sau: Thi\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 k\u1ec3&#8230;\u201d<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 1]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[Bah\u016b dev\u0101 manuss\u0101 ca mangal\u0101ni acintayum<br>\u0101kankam\u0101n\u0101 sotth\u0101nam: Br\u016bhi mangalam uttamam.]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Nhi\u1ec1u thi\u00ean t\u1eed v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<br>&nbsp;ho\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh<br>&nbsp;h\u1ecd \u01b0\u1edbc mong v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i<br>&nbsp;n\u1ebfp s\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac<br>&nbsp;ng\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i<br>&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong \u0111\u1eddi.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>95. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ec7 ng\u00f4n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 k\u1ec3. (Bah<em>\u016b<\/em>)&nbsp;<em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con s\u1ed1 \u1edf ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1ch: ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: nhi\u1ec1u tr\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ecd \u0111ang \u0111\u00f9a d\u1ee1n vui ch\u01a1i&nbsp;<\/em>(dibbanti),<em>&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean&nbsp;<\/em>(deva);<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn91\">[91]<\/a><em>&nbsp;\u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f9a d\u1ee1n v\u1edbi n\u0103m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c.<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn92\">[92]<\/a><em>&nbsp;Hay h\u1ecd to\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh h\u00e0o quang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/em>&nbsp;<em>H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb deva ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, c\u00f3 ba \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 sau: theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc, theo \u0111\u1ea7u thai, v\u00e0 theo thanh t\u1ecbnh tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb vua, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean theo quy \u01b0\u1edbc (t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7)<\/em>,<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn93\">[93]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean vu\u01a1ng hay c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u201cCh\u01b0 thi\u00ean do t\u00e1i sanh\u201d v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean do tu t\u1eadp m\u00e0 ra.<\/em>;\u2019 (Vbh<em>. 422).<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean do t\u00e1i sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/em>&nbsp;<em>[<\/em>Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (manussa \u2013 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i). H\u1ecd l\u00e0 con ch\u00e1u c\u1ee7a manu (manuno apacc<em>\u0101<\/em>), nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ;&nbsp;<em>m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o c\u00f3 n\u00f3i \u2018H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (<\/em>manussa)&nbsp;<em>v\u00ec do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt v\u1ec1 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. (<\/em>mana-ussanatta)\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn94\">[94]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i chia th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: do h\u1ecd thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c to l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 (Jambudipa) \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nam, nam thi\u00ean b\u1ed9 ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c Aparagoyana (\u1edf v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y), t\u00e2y ng\u01b0u ho\u00e1 ch\u00e2u, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c Uttarakuru [\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc], b\u1eafc c\u01b0u l\u01b0u ch\u00e2u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c Pubbavideha [\u1edf v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng], \u0111\u00f4ng th\u1eafng th\u1ea7n ch\u00e2u. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y ta \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 (Jambudipa).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>96. C\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh sung s\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y (<em>mam galanti imehi satta)&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh (<em>mangala)<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn95\">[95]<\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em>\u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e3i.&nbsp;<em>Suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn: acintayum- cintessum&nbsp;<\/em>(m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ng\u00f4i th\u1ee9 ba s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>97.&nbsp;<em>Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd mong \u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho m\u00ecnh (\u0101kankham\u0101n\u0101): [<\/em>l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1eb1ng mong mu\u1ed1n, \u01b0\u1edbc ao. Ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i.<em>&nbsp;An to\u00e0n (sotth\u0101nam)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n (<em>sotthibh\u0101va);&nbsp;<\/em>\u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0:<em>&nbsp;[Hy&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1ecdng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i (<em>atthita).&nbsp;<\/em>\u01a0 \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mai h\u1eadu, v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (<em>sobhananam).&nbsp;<\/em>\u0110\u00e1ng khen ng\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh.\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>98.&nbsp;<em>Xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho bi\u1ebft,:&nbsp;<\/em>h\u00e3y d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 cho bi\u1ebft, [<strong>124<\/strong>] h\u00e3y ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch.&nbsp;<em>V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3. (mangalam.):&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00fd do d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. L\u00fd do d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. L\u00fd do \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng ,&nbsp;<em>t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (uttamam)<\/em>: c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, cao th\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111em h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ebfn cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang sanh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u1eebng t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t v\u1ec1 k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)&nbsp;<em>ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>99. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ngo\u00e0i \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n nghe bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 mu\u1eddi ng\u00e0n c\u00f5i sa b\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdp l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 tinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i c\u1ea3 m\u01b0\u1eddi, hai m\u01b0\u01a1i, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i, b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i, n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i, s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i, b\u1ea3y m\u01b0\u01a1i, ngay c\u1ea3 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i tu\u1ed5i v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00f4ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee9ng quanh b\u1ea3o to\u1ea1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda so\u1ea1n cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ef1, to\u1ea3 s\u00e1ng l\u1ed9ng h\u00e3y h\u01a1n v\u00e0 r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 h\u01a1n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, c\u00e1c Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi thi\u00ean t\u1eed nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y c\u1ea3nh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ch\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129 trong th\u00e2m t\u00e2m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh n\u01a1i to\u00e0n c\u00f5i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn trong d\u1ecbp n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang sanh con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0i li\u1ec1n th\u1ed1t l\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi sau \u0111\u00e2y:\u201c&nbsp;<em>Bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd hy v\u1ecdng, mong \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n<\/em>&nbsp;&#8211; m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mong m\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n -:&nbsp;<em>Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i, xin h\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em>, t\u00f4i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00ec mu\u1ed1n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho ch\u00fang sanh, \u00d4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1eeb bi, h\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i do l\u00f2ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00f3t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ea7u \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 an l\u1ea1c cho ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>100. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a thi\u00ean t\u1eed, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00e2y \u2018Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu xu\u1ea9n&#8230;\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 s\u1ed1 2]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[Asevan\u0101 ca b\u0101l\u0101nam, pan\u1e0dit\u0101na\u00f1 ca sevan\u0101<br>P\u016bj\u0101 ca p\u016bjaneyy\u0101nam: etam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn k\u1ebb ngu<br>Nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i b\u1eadc Tr\u00ed<br>\u0110\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng l\u1ec5,<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>101. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y,&nbsp;<em>kh\u00f4ng th\u00e2n c\u1eadn, giao k\u1ebft (asevan\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean lui t\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng.&nbsp;<em>V\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu xu\u1ea9n (b\u0101l\u0101nam): cho&nbsp;<\/em>d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh kho\u1ebb, h\u1ecd h\u00edt k\u1ec7 (<em>balanti ananti),<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn96\">[96]<\/a>&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu xu\u1ea9n (<em>b\u0101la)<\/em>; \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o h\u01a1i k\u1ec7 ra h\u00edt v\u00e0o, thay v\u00ec v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Sn.&nbsp;<\/em>182<em>).&nbsp;<\/em>V\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu si \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>102.<em>&nbsp;L\u00e0 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed th\u1ee9c (pan\u1e0dit\u0101nam), h<\/em>\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn b\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (<em>pandanti)&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn97\">[97]<\/a>&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed (<em>pandita);&nbsp;<\/em>\u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u1edbi d\u00e1ng \u0111i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft, d\u00e1ng \u0111i l\u1ee3i \u00edch ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mai h\u1eadu n\u1eefa. [<strong>125<\/strong>] G\u1ea7n g\u0169i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.&nbsp;<em>Giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi (sevana)<\/em>:n\u0103ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng h\u1ecd, k\u1ebft b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, k\u1ebft th\u00e2n v\u1edbi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>103.&nbsp;<em>\u0110\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 (p\u016bj\u0101):&nbsp;<\/em>t\u00f4n k\u1ec7 s\u00f9ng b\u00e1i, k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng, k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh.&nbsp;<em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh (p\u016bjaneyy\u0101nam):&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>104.&nbsp;<em>\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (etam mangalam uttanam)<\/em>: ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i \u2018 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2019 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 chung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i v\u1eeba m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i l\u1ea1i, giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu si, m\u00e0 giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan, t\u00f4n k\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh l\u1ec5; \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0: \u2018Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady?\u201d Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u00e3y tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u2019 \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>105. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1t l\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y sau khi \u0111\u00e3 nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi thi\u00ean t\u1eed h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn98\">[98]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u1eeba n\u00f3i v\u1eeba h\u1ecfi, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi, n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 n\u00f3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0o c\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>106. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018 \u00d4i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o, l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u00e2y? T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi\u2019 (Sn.378) v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: \u201c Th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh, l\u00e0m sao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9c l\u01b0u \u0111\u00e2y th\u01b0a ng\u00e0i?\u201d (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 1). Ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecfi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u2019 (<em>pucchitakatth\u0101). T<\/em>rong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u201c \u0110i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c coi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac th\u00ec c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh Nh\u00e2n l\u1ea1i coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 v\u1eady.\u2019&nbsp;<em>(Sn.&nbsp;<\/em>762) c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y h\u1ecfi han v\u00e0 g\u00e2y c\u1ea3m h\u1ee9ng cho ch\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi\u2019&nbsp;<em>(apucchita-kath\u0101).&nbsp;<\/em>Do c\u00e1c l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, ta truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c h\u1eb3n hoi\u2019(<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>I 276; Kv. 561) To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u00fd ngh\u0129a.\u2019&nbsp;<em>(s\u0101nusandhi-katth\u0101).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u2018c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng k\u00e8m theo m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ea3.\u2019 (<em>ananusandhi-katth\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec&nbsp;<\/em>th\u1ebf xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i tr\u00ean: \u2018\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi\u2019 v\u00ec c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i l\u00ean khi thi\u00ean t\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi ng\u00e0i. V\u00e0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, v\u00ec khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i gi\u1ecfi t\u1ecf ra kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i v\u00e0 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean h\u1ecfi l\u1ed1i \u0111i, r\u1ed3i sau \u0111\u00f3 n\u00f3i ra \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd n\u00f3i ra nh\u1eefng g\u00ec n\u00ean tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 l\u00e0m theo. [n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng] \u2018 C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e3 ba \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecf b\u00ean tr\u00e1i r\u1ed3i qu\u1eb9o sang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn.\u2019&nbsp;<em>(S.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 108), ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: sau khi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i ra \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi. [<strong>126<\/strong>] V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c r\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc, theo nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00f4ng th\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u01b0\u1edbc\u201d; h\u1ee1i Tissa, \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0110\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 lai, l\u00e0 b\u1eadc A La H\u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u00e1c.\u2019 (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 108) V\u00ec ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi sau, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 sanh t\u1eed, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i sanh t\u1eed, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 c\u00f5i Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng, th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c c\u00f5i Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eefa\u2019 (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>M.<\/em>i. 227) Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf, tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean giao l\u01b0u lui t\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i, \u2018Kh\u00f4ng g\u1ea7n g\u0169i giao l\u01b0u lui t\u1edbi v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu si, ch\u1ec9 n\u00ean g\u1ea7n g\u0169i giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan\u2019, v\u00ec b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean lui t\u1edbi v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu si, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1ed1i \u0111i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan, n\u00ean k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i c\u1ea7n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>107. [N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 k\u1ebb n\u00e0o h\u1ecfi], \u2018Nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu \u0111\u1ea7n v\u00e0 l\u1ea1i giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan khi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh? &#8211; Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cCh\u00ednh do giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu si, c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean l\u1eabn con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn quan \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec ta nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v.v&#8230;\u2019 (\u00a790), v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3i giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n ngoan. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu t\u1ed1t. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi sau, v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t, b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh c\u1ea3 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi sau n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>108. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m n\u00e0y,&nbsp;<em>k\u1ebb ngu si&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o theo \u0111u\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra b\u1eb1ng ba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong Kinh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cH\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, k\u1ebb ngu si c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 102) H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u00f3 s\u00e1u v\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi Purana Kassapa (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>D. sutta 2)<\/em>&nbsp;r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Devadatta [v\u00e0 \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng ta] c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3, Kokalia, Katamoraka-Tissa. Khandadeviyaputta v\u00e0 Samuddadatta (<em>Vin.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 196,v.v&#8230;) v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 Ci<em>\u00f1cam\u0101navik\u0101 (Ja.<\/em>&nbsp;iv. 187), v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eddi gian tr\u00f4i qua l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 em trai c\u1ee7a Dighavida, v\u00e0 [<strong>127<\/strong>] m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb ngu si. H\u1ecd gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1m than h\u1ed3ng \u0111ang \u00e2m \u1ec9: v\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi k\u00e9m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u00e0o nghe theo l\u1eddi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf em trai c\u1ee7a Dighavida \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i n\u1eb1m s\u1ea5p khi r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u xa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong su\u1ed1t b\u1ed1n v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt t\u1ed5 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t th\u00e2n h\u00ecnh d\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 60 d\u1eadm. v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 n\u0103m tr\u0103m b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u00f9a theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i h\u00e0nh vi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn trong \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c. V\u00e0 [\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea3i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u1eeda b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i chu\u1ed3ng b\u00f2 th\u00ec s\u00e9t d\u1ec9 hay \u0111\u1ed1ng r\u00e1c c\u1ecf kh\u00f4 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i, ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng \u1edf tr\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e9t \u0111\u1ea5t x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong l\u1eabn b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gia c\u1ed1 v\u1edbi c\u00e2y x\u00e0 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 \u0111\u00f3ng k\u00edn. C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i n\u00e0o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u1ed5i l\u00ean do k\u1ebb ngu si g\u00e2y ra, ch\u1edb kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan. B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u1ed7i hi\u1ec3m nguy n\u00e0o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean&#8230;b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 nh\u1eefng tai \u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do k\u1ebb ngu si g\u00e2y ra, ch\u1ee9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng do k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n ngoan g\u00e2y ra bao gi\u1edd. \u0110ang khi k\u1ebb ngu si ch\u1ec9 \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. \u0110ang khi k\u1ebb kh\u1edd d\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1ebfn tai ho\u1ea1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng.\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 101); M. iii,. 61) H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, k\u1ebb ngu si gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 \u01b0\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00e0o giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu si gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc gi\u1ecf l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ef1ng c\u00e1 \u01b0\u01a1n trong \u0111\u00f3. V\u1edbi th\u1ee9 c\u00e1 \u01b0\u01a1n g\u00f3i l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n ngoan ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n bi\u1ebft v\u1ee9t b\u1ecf ra ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u1ecf v\u1ebb kh\u00f3 ch\u1ecbu. V\u00e0 c\u00f3 b\u00e0i k\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Khi c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu,<br>Gi\u1ed1ng l\u1ea5y c\u1ecf kusa d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i c\u00e1 \u01b0\u01a1n.<br>C\u1ea3 l\u00e1 c\u1ecf c\u0169ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u01b0\u01a1n th\u1ed1i r\u1eefa.:<br>\u2018\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu. (Ja.&nbsp;<\/em>vi. 236)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0 khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n hu\u1ec7 do Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng Sakka c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ban cho. Akittipandita n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Xin \u0111\u1eebng cho t\u00f4i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y hay nghe ng\u00f3ng k\u1ebb ngu,<br>C\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng c\u01b0 tr\u00fa v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu.<br>Ch\u1eb3ng n\u00ean c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu<br>Kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu<br>R\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu si \u0111\u00f3<br>\u201cH\u1ee1i Kassapa h\u00e3y cho ta bi\u1ebft l\u00fd do<br>t\u1ea1i sao nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i l\u1ea1i \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf<br>kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u00e1nh m\u1eaft nh\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u01a1i?<br>h\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 l\u1ed1i, l\u00e0m t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i<br>thi\u1ebfu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i c\u00f2n khuy\u00ean r\u0103n<br>ch\u1ec9 \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 sai l\u1ea1c,<br>hu\u1ed1ng chi n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c<br>c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng b\u1ea5t kham<br>gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt k\u1ebb ngu ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ec1 hay bi\u1ebft;<br>\u0111\u1eebng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.\u2019 (Ja. iv. 240)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>109. [<strong>128<\/strong>] Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0i k\u1ebft \u00e1n vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu si d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c, gi\u1edd ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i th\u00eam: vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i khen ng\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>110. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m n\u00e0y,&nbsp;<em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ch\u00fang sanh n\u00e0o \u0111ang theo \u0111u\u1ed5i th\u1eadp thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn ra h\u1ecd \u1edf c\u1ea3 ba g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong Kinh nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ed9 ra trong ba \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m\u2019&nbsp;<em>(A.<\/em>&nbsp;i. 102). H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c, t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 Sunetta, Maha Govinda, Vidhura, Sarabhanga, Mahosadha, Sutasoma, nh\u00e0 vua Nimi, ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed Ayoghara v\u00e0 Akittipandita,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn99\">[99]<\/a>&nbsp;l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc hi\u1ec1n tr\u00ed. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, m\u1ecdi r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi tai ho\u1ea1 cho nh\u1eefng ai l\u1eafng nghe l\u1eddi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 coi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 trong l\u00fac bi\u1ebfn lo\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e8n trong b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng trong c\u01a1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u00e1t v.v&#8230; v\u00ec qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c c\u00f3 v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfm h\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 giao ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u01a1i c\u00f5i ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc n\u01a1i c\u00f5i Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y [n\u01a1i ki\u1ebfp con ng\u01b0\u1eddi] . C\u00f3 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0n th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng sau khi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Sariputta v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu [d\u00e0nh cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u]; v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0,&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha Kassapa<\/em>. v.v&#8230; M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Sunetta c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean, s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i c\u00f5i h\u1ea1 gi\u1edbi \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean Tha Ho\u00e1 T\u1ef1 T\u1ea1i (Paranimmitavasavatti).(l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng quy\u1ec1n h\u00e0nh n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh) &#8230;. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gia ch\u1ee7 b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ea1i S\u1ea3nh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (xin \u0111\u1ecdc A. iv. 104) V\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n ch\u1eb3ng do ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan \u0111\u00e2u, hi\u1ec3m h\u1ecda xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i do l\u1ed7i \u1edf h\u1ecd v\u00e0 tai h\u1ecda di\u1ec5n ra c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng do l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n ngoan bao gi\u1edd.\u2019&nbsp;<em>(A.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 101; M. iii. 61). H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ec7m ng\u00e0o ng\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00f3a hoa&nbsp;<em>tagara,&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00e0o giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u0169ng n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc l\u00e1 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00f3i hoa&nbsp;<em>tagara v\u1eady.<\/em>&nbsp;V\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 nh\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. V\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 k\u1ec7 r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u2018[<strong>129<\/strong>]&nbsp;<em>Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb c\u1ed9t v\u00e0o m\u00ecnh<br>m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e1 hoa Tangara ng\u00e0o ng\u1ea1t ng\u00e1t h\u01b0\u01a1ng<br>C\u00e0nh l\u00e1 c\u00e2y c\u0169ng k\u1ec7m ng\u00e1t m\u00f9i h\u01b0\u01a1ng:<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn100\">[100]<\/a><em><br>giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng v\u1eady (Ja. vi. 236)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0 khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01a1n h\u1ec7 do Thi\u00ean V\u01b0\u01a1ng Sakka c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ban cho. Akittipandita n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u00d4i C\u1ea7u mong t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c giao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan. C\u1ea7u mong t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u01b0 tr\u00fa n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan c\u01b0 tr\u00fa.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>C\u1ea7u mong t\u00f4i ch\u1ecdn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Ngay c\u1ea3 trong trao \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>&#8211; H\u1ee1i Kassapa h\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft<br>L\u00fd do g\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u01b0a th\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<br>V\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n ngoan?<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>&#8211; H\u1ecd ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn d\u1eabn ta \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t.<br>Lu\u00f4n khuy\u00ean r\u0103n \u0111\u1ea7y tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m.<br>H\u1ecd lu\u00f4n ch\u1ecdn ph\u00e1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t,<br>V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf mi\u1ec7ng, h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<br>H\u1ecd t\u1ecf l\u1ed9 t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 d\u00e3i, gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd am hi\u1ec3u.<br>th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb kh\u00f4n ngoan t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0o. (Ja.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 241)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>111. Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 khen ng\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ecdi h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i n\u00f3i th\u00eam. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i khen ng\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh vi k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng nh\u1eefng ai, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu si nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>112. V\u1ec1 \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c, C\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea5ng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n, l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng (<em>pujaneyya) \u2013 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa. V\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c. Ti\u1ebfp theo sau l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed9c Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed; v\u00ec nh\u1edd vi\u1ec7c t\u00f4n k\u00ednh h\u1ecd cho d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00edt th\u00f4i, c\u0169ng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch d\u00e0i l\u00e2u. Nh\u1eefng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Sumana, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec7 l\u00e0m v\u00f2ng hoa, Mallika, v.v&#8230;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn101\">[101]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y ta ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y kia, h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 v\u00e0o bu\u1ed5i s\u00e1ng n\u1ecd, khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ea1i y, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kho\u00e1c y ngo\u00e0i r\u1ed3i ra \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Rajagaha. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec7 l\u00e0m v\u00f2ng hoa Sumana c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p nh\u00e0 vua Magadha \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e2ng hoa cho ng\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec7 l\u00e0m v\u00f2ng hoa nh\u1eadn ra \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, li\u1ec1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ebft ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o ng\u00e0i khi nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm th\u1ea5y h\u00e0o quang ph\u00e1t ra t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i \u0111ang tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh.[<strong>130<\/strong>] khi \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ng\u00e0i, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129, \u2018nh\u00e0 vua c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 cho ta c\u1ea3 tr\u0103m hay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng hoa n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec v\u00f4 gi\u00e1. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i cho ta h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng v\u00f2ng hoa n\u00e0y\u2019 v\u00e0 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec7 l\u00e0m v\u00f2ng hoa \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm hoa v\u00e0 n\u00e9m v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang \u0111i. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc hoa \u0111\u00f3 bay tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u01a1 l\u1eedng d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng m\u1ed9t m\u00e0n tr\u01b0\u1edbng hoa. Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec7m m\u1ea7u tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00f4ng ta c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean tin t\u01b0\u1edfng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n trong l\u00f2ng. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng ta l\u1ea1i tung th\u00eam m\u1ed9t n\u1eafm hoa n\u1eefa v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc hoa \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbng hoa . Theo c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 tung t\u00e1m n\u1eafm hoa gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc hoa \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng di chuy\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc ki\u1ec7u,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn102\">[102]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00ean chi\u1ebfc ki\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3, m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea3o qui t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec7 v\u00f2ng hoa v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed9t n\u1ee5 c\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eafn. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ananda ngh\u0129 trong \u0111\u1ea7u, \u201c\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd m\u1ec9n c\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n hay \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n g\u00ec.\u2019 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi xem nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 g\u00ec. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i, \u2018N\u00e0y Ananda, th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ec7 l\u00e0m v\u00f2ng hoa mu\u1ed1n, sau khi chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u00f4ng ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Sumanissara\u2019 v\u00e0 sau khi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft \u0111o\u1ea1n l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u1ee9ng kh\u1ea9u \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 sau \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ghi nh\u1edb ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u00d4i t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh bi\u1ebft bao h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3,<br>Sau khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc;<br>\u0110\u1ec3 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i<br>Tr\u1edf n\u00ean vui s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 h\u1ea3 h\u00ea trong l\u00f2ng. (sumana)\u2019<br>(Dh. 68)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 tr\u00ean, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u01b0 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ee9ng ph\u00e1p gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3, cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5? Do \u0111\u00f3, khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch Quy Y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef lu\u1eadt b\u00e1t quan trai (Upasatha)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn103\">[103]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed1n thanh t\u1ecbnh ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd? V\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201c H\u00e3y k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh cao nh\u1ea5t\u2019, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u201cH\u1ee1i Ananda, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u hay t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni hay c\u1ea3 c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam ho\u1eb7c c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef n\u00e0o s\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang theo ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. C\u01b0 x\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh v\u00e0 [<strong>131<\/strong>] k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh cao nh\u1ea5t\u2019 (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 138) v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam, ta c\u0169ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c anh ch\u1ecb l\u1edbn trong gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c em k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng. Con c\u00e1i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 cha m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 ch\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. V\u00ec trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, vi\u1ec7c k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00fd do l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd cho h\u1ecd v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cNh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u00e0o y\u00eau m\u1ebfn m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn cha m\u00ecnh, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0, y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn104\">[104]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e0 t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n k\u00ednh c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o trong th\u1ecb t\u1ed9c, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u1ef1c thi hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111em hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap h\u1ecd s\u1ed1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ecd h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7n m\u1ea1o s\u00e1ng s\u1ee7a (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 74)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>113. (4) Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh trong l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh \u2018vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u2019 (\u00a73) \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp th\u00eam l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 sau. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, kh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu si, n\u00ean giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan, v\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh l\u1ec5. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngu si n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ta c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi sau b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n do vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu \u0111em l\u1ea1i. R\u1ed3i vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan v\u00e0 k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (n\u00edp b\u00e0n) v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn105\">[105]<\/a>&nbsp;Theo nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp theo sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh l\u00e0 g\u00ec m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u2018kh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu si\u2019 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 3]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[Pa\u1e6dir\u016bpadesav\u0101so ca pubbe ca katapu\u00f1\u00f1at\u0101<br>Attasamm\u0101panidhi ca: etam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u1ede tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p<br>C\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m<br>Ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>&#8211;&nbsp;<\/strong>114. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y cho d\u00f9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 \u2018Xin ng\u00e0i h\u00e3y n\u00f3i cho bi\u1ebft, v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2019. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb b\u1ed1 th\u00ed qu\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ea1i, [<strong>132<\/strong>], cho d\u00f9 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 duy nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u201cc\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i th\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u201d (\u1edf tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p) ng\u00e0i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 do \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean nghe \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u1ef1c thi n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c nhau nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho h\u1ecd \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o h\u1ecd hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a).<em>&nbsp;Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>115. \u201cV\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 ba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>Th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (pa\u1e6dir\u016bpa)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i,&nbsp;<em>nh\u1eefng tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 (desa)<\/em>: nh\u01b0 l\u00e0ng m\u1ea1c, qu\u1eadn l\u1ef5, th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, qu\u1ed1c gia; v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh c\u01b0 tr\u00fa.&nbsp;<em>Tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 (v\u0101so)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>116.&nbsp;<em>Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 (pubbe)<\/em>: tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u1edf c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<em>&nbsp;\u0110\u00e3&#8230;th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c (katapu\u00f1\u00f1at\u0101):&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>117.&nbsp;<em>T\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh (atta)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh, hay l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn106\">[106]<\/a>.&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng&#8230;d\u00ecu d\u1eaft (samm\u0101panidhi):&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn (<em>panidahana),&nbsp;<\/em>cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n.; vi\u1ec7c th\u00f4i th\u00fac,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn107\">[107]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m, tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 l\u00e0 \u00fd mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i theo t\u1eeb ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a.<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>118. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>C\u01b0 tr\u00fa n\u01a1i tr\u00fa qu\u00e1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p (pa\u1e6dir\u016bpadesav\u0101so)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 \u1edf n\u01a1i l\u00e0m tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1n h\u1ed9i ch\u00fang&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn108\">[108]<\/a>&nbsp;l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>e.g. D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii 218), v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi ch\u00edn y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>e.g. M.&nbsp;<\/em>I 133) l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 n\u00e9t nh\u1ea5t; c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c. M\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u01b0 d\u00e2n du nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c Celon (<em>S\u012bhalad\u012bpa) v.v&#8230; .<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>119. M<\/em>\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c: m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i (<em>desa)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018Tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u2019 v\u00e0 c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n \u0111ang l\u0103n chuy\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa l\u00e0 ngay g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y So\u00e0i Ganda l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u00e9p L\u1ea1 song th\u00f4ng&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn109\">[109]<\/a>&nbsp;di\u1ec5n ra, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ngay gi\u1eefa T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng m\u01b0\u1eddi hai d\u1eadm, ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 nh\u1eefng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean gi\u00e1ng tr\u1ea7n hay b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa nh\u01b0 S<em>\u0101vatthi, R\u0101jagaha, v.v&#8230;<\/em>tr\u00fa ng\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho m\u1ecdi ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc s\u00e1u ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 thu\u1ee3ng. (<em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 250)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>120. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c: \u201c\u1ede v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kajangala.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn110\">[110]<\/a>&nbsp;V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda xa h\u01a1n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mah<em>\u0101s\u0101l\u0101;&nbsp;<\/em>xa h\u01a1n ch\u00fat n\u1eefa l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trung \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng nam: c\u00f3 con s\u00f4ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Salalavati; xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda g\u1ea7n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n trung \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam: [<strong>133<\/strong>] c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n t\u00ean l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>Setakannika; xa&nbsp;<\/em>h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia xa x\u00f4i h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh. V\u1ec1 ph\u00eda g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trung \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y: m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 T<em>h\u016bna;&nbsp;<\/em>xa h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat l\u00e0 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n bang h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh, v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m. V\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc: c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ecfm \u0111\u00e1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>Us\u012braddhaja, xa&nbsp;<\/em>h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia h\u1ebbo l\u00e1nh; v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111i\u1ec3m.\u2019 (Vin. i. 197). Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t trung t\u00e2m (<em>majjimadesa)&nbsp;<\/em>n\u00e0y c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i t\u1edbi ba tr\u0103m d\u1eadm v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n hai tr\u0103m n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i d\u1eadm v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qui vu\u00f4ng h\u01a1n ch\u00edn tr\u0103m d\u1eb7m. \u0110\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.\u2019 T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ed1c Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111ang thi th\u1ed1 v\u01b0\u01a1ng quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 cai tr\u1ecb kh\u1eafp to\u00e0n c\u00f5i b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n hai ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea3o nh\u1ecf n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi Ba-la-m\u1eadt&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn111\">[111]<\/a>&nbsp;trong su\u1ed1t m\u1ed9t A t\u0103ng k\u1ef3. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed nh\u01b0, S<em>\u0101<\/em>r<em>\u012b<\/em>putta, Moggall<em>\u0101<\/em>na v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1i nay, khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t ba la m\u1eadt kho\u1ea3ng hai a t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t Ba-la-m\u1eadt v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng b\u1ed1n, t\u00e1m v\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u A t\u0103ng k\u1ef3 v\u00e0 tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, theo l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u00e0 t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u01a1i n\u0103m ch\u00fang sanh gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. Theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea5ng To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t n\u00edp b\u00e0n. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>121. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c, \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc&nbsp;<\/em>(<em>pubbe katapu\u00f1\u00f1at\u0101).&nbsp;<\/em>\u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec sau khi t\u1eadn m\u1eaft ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c hay m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c nh\u00e3n ti\u1ec1n. Hay sau khi nghe m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 b\u1ed1n c\u00e2u du\u1edbi s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn B\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n. V\u00e0 khi m\u1ed9t ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u0103n \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt n\u01a1i ch\u00fang sanh (<em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc e.g. M.<\/em>&nbsp;I 47) v\u00e0 nh\u1edd c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u0103n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean trong ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 th\u1ebf ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c v\u1ebft nh\u01a1. Nh\u01b0 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p Nh\u00e0 Vua&nbsp;<em>M\u0101ha<\/em>&nbsp;Kappina v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i (xin \u0111\u1ecdc Vis. ch. xii. \u00a782\/ tr. 393;&nbsp;<em>AA, ad. A.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 25) Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>122. [<strong>134<\/strong>]&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 t\u00e2m (attasamm\u0101panidhi)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh l\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00f4 tin thi\u1ebft t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u01a1i ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng ni\u1ec1m tin. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng keo ki\u1ec7t thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u01a1i t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng t\u1eeb t\u00e2m. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m.\u2019 (xin \u0111\u1ecdc A. iv. 364). \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau. V\u00ec do lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro nguy hi\u1ec3m.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>123. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c n\u01a1i ti\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfp. V\u00e0 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1i t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01a1i tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u2019 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 4]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[B\u0101husacca\u00f1 ca sippa\u00f1 ca vinayo ca susikkhito<br>Subh\u0101sit\u0101 ca y\u0101 v\u0101c\u0101: etam mangalam uttanam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>H\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ecfi<br>Kh\u00e9o hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp,<br>N\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>124. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m\u2019: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y&nbsp;<em>ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean th\u00e2m (bahusaccam.)&nbsp;<\/em>[c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u (<em>bahussutabhava). Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1ecfi (sippam.) l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00e0i kh\u00e9o ch\u00e2n tay (hay th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>125&#8230;.Vi\u1ec7c r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n tu t\u1eadp&nbsp;<em>(vinayo):&nbsp;<\/em>r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 \u00fd.&nbsp;<em>Kh\u00e9o hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp (susikkhito)<\/em>: r\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>126.&nbsp;<em>Kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i (subhasita)<\/em>: n\u00f3i n\u0103ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.&nbsp;<em>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 (ya)<\/em>: l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh. l\u1eddi n\u00f3i (<em>vaca):&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1eddi n\u00f3i th\u1ed1t ra, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, l\u1eddi c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)<em>&nbsp;C\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>127. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau: Ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c phong ph\u00fa. (h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u) (bahusaccam) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u01b0:\u2018Nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 (\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt) theo c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 nghe (h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi) v\u00e0 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c)\u2019 (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 216) v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o nghe (h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi) nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u2013 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3n Kinh. (sutta), nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i \u01afng T\u1ee5ng (<em>geyya) B\u00e0i k\u00fd thuy\u1ebft (veyyakarana) &#8230;\u2019 (<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 23). \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. V\u00ec l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u00fd ngh\u0129a (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau) tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. V\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng khen. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ef1 gi\u1eef m\u00ecnh trong s\u1ea1ch.\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 110) v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f2n n\u00f3i th\u00eam, \u2018Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Khi tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u1edb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng ham th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00f3, l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. N\u01a1i k\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u00edch c\u1ef1c u\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n. Nh\u1edd \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c; v\u00e0 khi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf, khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. [<strong>135<\/strong>] Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 chi\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t do tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111em l\u1ea1i.\u2019 (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 173) H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u2018ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng\u2019 n\u00e0o li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch \u1edf c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f5i (hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 mai h\u1eadu)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>128. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;<em>gi\u1ecfi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p&nbsp;<\/em>(<em>sippam).&nbsp;<\/em>C\u00f3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p khi xu\u1ea5t gia qui Ph\u1eadt. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1m n\u00e0y, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ngh\u1ec1 k\u1ec7 b\u1ea1c, ngh\u1ec1 kim ho\u00e0n, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n x\u00e9t d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh kh\u00e1c, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia qui Ph\u1eadt bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u01b0: nh\u01b0 k\u00ednh l\u1ec5, may v\u00e1 y c\u00e0 sa. v.v&#8230; ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y chi ti\u1ebft&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn112\">[112]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e2y kia b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau \u2018\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, h\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf m\u1ecdn hay l\u1edbn lao gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 m\u00ecnh trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh\u2019 (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii 267). C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1edf c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi sau cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>129. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c&nbsp;<em>tu luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp (vinayo).&nbsp;<\/em>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean vi\u1ec7c n\u1eafm gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u00eang kh\u00f4ng sai ph\u1ea1m m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o. Khi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t (<em>susikkhito)<\/em>&nbsp;kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 sai ph\u1ea1m n\u00e0o do nh\u1eefng l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh. Vi\u1ec7c tu luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac n\u01a1i c\u1ea3 hai c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi sau. R\u1ed3i c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c tu luy\u1ec7n n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia . Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 sai ph\u1ea1m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y lo\u1ea1i sai ph\u1ea1m,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn113\">[113]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00f4t c\u00e1ch kh\u00e9o hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c tu luy\u1ec7n n\u01a1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c bao g\u1ed3m t\u1ee9 thanh t\u1ecbnh gi\u1edbi (Vis. Ch. i. \u00a742\/tr. 15) khi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu luy\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ta thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc cho m\u00ecnh b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n. Ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc c\u1ea3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c l\u1eabn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac si\u00eau th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>130.&nbsp;<em>B\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i. (subh\u0101sit\u0101 y\u0101 v\u0101c\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u00f4ng bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft hay d\u1ed1i tr\u00e1. [l\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u1ed7 m\u00e3ng, l\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u00e1c t\u00e2m v\u00e0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed] theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i, \u2018 H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i\u2019&nbsp;<em>(Sn.&nbsp;<\/em>tr. 78) ho\u1eb7c g\u1ec9a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi nh\u1ea3m nh\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i: \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i. Th\u1ee9 hai, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 Ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ee9 ba, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm nh\u00e3. Th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, ch\u1ec9 n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n th\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u sai qu\u1ea5y.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[<strong>136<\/strong>] \u0110i\u1ec1u v\u1eeba n\u00eau c\u0169ng n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec gi\u00fap \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ea3 \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi sau. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ednh kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i [th\u01b0\u1eddng] bao g\u1ed3m \u2018vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp\u2019 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt\u2019 tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u00e1ch bi\u1ec7t n\u01a1i \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y] th\u1ebf n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c tu luy\u1ec7n gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng g\u1ed3m l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? \u0110i\u1ec1u ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018l\u1eddi kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i\u2019 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0111\u00f3, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa x\u1ee9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang sanh ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi sau v\u00e0 c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (n\u00edp b\u00e0n) v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>L\u1eddi n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t.<br>\u00d4i an to\u00e0n h\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t.<br>R\u1ed3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111au kh\u1ed5<br>\u0110\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00e2y \u1eaft h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i an to\u00e0n. (<\/em>Sn.&nbsp;<em>454)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>131. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u00f3i t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o, r\u1ed3i tu t\u1eadp thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi kh\u00e9o n\u00f3i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 v\u1edbi t\u1eebng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7, \u2018h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec1u\u2019 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 5]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[M\u0101t\u0101pitu-upatth\u0101nam puttad\u0101rassa sangaho<br>An\u0101kul\u0101 ca kammant\u0101: etam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 cha<br>Nu\u00f4i n\u1ea5ng v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con<br>L\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>132. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u2018hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha v\u00e0 m\u1eb9\u2019, \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y&nbsp;<em>m\u0101t\u0101pitu=m\u0101t\u0101 ca pit\u0101 ca (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p<em>). Hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (upa\u1e6d\u1e6dhahana-&nbsp;<\/em>m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3.<em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>133. [<em>Tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p cho v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c con: puttad\u0101rassa= putt\u0101na\u00f1 ca d\u0101r\u0101na\u00f1 ca (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p<em>). H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (sangaho)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap (<em>sangahana-&nbsp;<\/em>m\u1ed9t ph\u00e1p ng\u1eef bi\u1ebfn th\u1ec3).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>134.&nbsp;<em>Kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i (an\u0101kul\u0101): an\u0101kul\u0101=na \u0101kul\u0101 (<\/em>m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c) c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p (c\u00f4ng v\u1ecb\u00eac) (<em>kammant\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&nbsp;<em>(kamma- h\u00e0nh vi).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>135. Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau \u0111\u00e2y:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 (m\u0101t\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con v\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha (<em>pit\u0101). Hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng (upa\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101nam) l<\/em>\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch chu c\u1ea5p cho cha m\u1eb9 b\u1ed1n nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n, s\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u, lau m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1eafm cho cha m\u1eb9. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha gi\u00fap \u00edch r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho con c\u00e1i. \u01af\u1edbc ao h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00fang v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ch\u00fang. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ee9a nh\u1ecf \u0111ang ch\u01a1i \u1edf ngo\u00e0i ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0o trong nh\u00e0 m\u00ecnh m\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ea7y b\u1ee5i b\u1eadm, cha m\u1eb9 li\u1ec1n t\u1ecf t\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch lau s\u1ea1ch b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n cho ch\u00fang, vu\u1ed1t ve \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f3c ch\u00fang c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m n\u0103m nay (xin \u0111\u1ecdc A.i 62) V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cung c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c coi ngang b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ti\u00ean s\u01b0 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, [<strong>137<\/strong>] hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 cha \u0111em l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ca ng\u1ee3i trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng sau khi ch\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Cha m\u1eb9 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0<br>\u0110\u1ea5ng Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u1ecb ti\u00ean s\u01b0<br>H\u1ecd x\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn hy sinh n\u01a1i con c\u00e1i.<br>V\u00ec th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi h\u1eadu du\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<br>Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan k\u00ednh l\u1ec5<br>V\u00e0 t\u00f4n k\u1ec7 cha m\u1eb9 [b\u1eb1ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap]<br>V\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u0103n u\u1ed1ng<br>V\u1edbi \u00e1o m\u1eb7c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gi\u01b0\u1eddng chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eb1m.<br>H\u1ecd ch\u0103m s\u00f3c t\u1eafm r\u1eeda v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c d\u1ea7u cha m\u1eb9.<br>L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa c\u00f2n r\u1eeda ch\u00e2n tay cho cha m\u1eb9.<br>ch\u00ednh h\u00e0nh vi hi\u1ebfu l\u1ec5 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi<br>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<br>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed khen ng\u1ee3i h\u1ecd ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y.<br>V\u00e0 khi ch\u1ebft h\u1ecd ho\u00e1 sanh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng. (Iti.&nbsp;<\/em>110)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa: Hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5, duy tr\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c, v.v&#8230;v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u1edf t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i: \u2018H\u1ee1i con trai ch\u1ee7 gia nh\u00e2n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, t\u1ef1a nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng h\u1ecd theo n\u0103m c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 sau: \u201c T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb n\u01a1i cha m\u1eb9 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ed5 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd thay cha m\u1eb9 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u1ee7a th\u1eeba k\u1ebf c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho cha m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y.\u2019 Theo nh\u01b0 hu\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Cha theo n\u0103m c\u00e1ch tr\u00ean, t\u1ee9c kh\u1eafc ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi con trai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u0169ng theo n\u0103m c\u00e1ch: h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1eadu con trai kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa, \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean con trai l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n, gi\u00fap con trai h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd gi\u00fap con trai giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 khi t\u1edbi th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u1ecd trao l\u1ea1i cho con trai t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh.\u2019 (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 189). H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i Tam B\u1ea3o [<strong>138<\/strong>] [t\u1ea1o ni\u1ec1m tin n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, n\u01a1i Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 n\u01a1i T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 -] b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u00fap h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c thi gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c, hay ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t gia, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 d\u01b0\u1ee1ng hi\u1ebfu cha m\u1eb9. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con cho cha m\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1eabn trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mai h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>136. [Gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho]<em>&nbsp;v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con (puttad\u0101rassa):<\/em>&nbsp;\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ea3 con trai (<em>putto)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 con g\u00e1i (<em>dh\u012bt\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cha m\u1eb9 sanh ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201ccon c\u00e1i\u201d (<em>putta);&nbsp;<\/em>\u2018v\u1ee3\u201d l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 20 lo\u1ea1i v\u1ee3.<em>&nbsp;Puttad\u0101ram=putt\u0101 ca d\u0101r\u0101 (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p). \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.&nbsp;<em>H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 (sangaho)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ban ph\u00e1t gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5p \u1ee7, v.v&#8230;; v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c, v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau, \u2018v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u theo hu\u1edbng t\u00e2y\u2019 (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii.189) v\u00e0 \u2018v\u1ee3 con\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng g\u1ed3m t\u00f3m trong t\u1eeb \u2018nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea7u n\u1eef\u201d trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n sau \u0111\u00e2y: \u2018con trai c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi gia ch\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3, theo hu\u1edbng t\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i do ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng theo n\u0103m c\u00e1ch: y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ea5p \u1ee7, kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf ra khinh mi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i, t\u1eeb b\u1ecf uy quy\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch trao t\u1eb7ng qu\u00e0, n\u1eef trang. Khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3, theo hu\u1edbng t\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 theo n\u0103m c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, th\u00ec th\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng n\u0103m c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 s\u1ebd t\u1ecf ra nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft th\u1ef1c cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f4i \u0111\u00f2i, n\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i ch\u1ed3ng m\u00ecnh, n\u00e0ng gi\u1eef g\u00ecn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 n\u00e0ng t\u1ecf ra th\u00e0nh th\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. (<em>D.<\/em>&nbsp;iii. 190)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>137. V\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa:&nbsp;<em>tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi tr\u1ee3 c\u1ea5p v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, b\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ec7n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p; th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed ti\u1ec1n ti\u00eau s\u00e0i trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y gi\u1edbi b\u00e1t quan trai (Upasatha), cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i tham d\u1ef1 nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i trong nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5 h\u1ed9i. b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh trong ng\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00e0 cho nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng ngay t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mai h\u1eadu n\u1eefa. [<strong>139<\/strong>] \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mai h\u1eadu do v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean, theo nh\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng Sakka v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 gia nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c thi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c.<br>nh\u1eefng c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1nh tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi<br>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u1ee3 m\u00ecnh h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p:<br>H\u1ee1i M\u0101tali, t\u00f4i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 h\u1ecd v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng. (S. i. 234)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>138.&nbsp;<em>C\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m (kammanta)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng&nbsp;<em>\u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn xung kh\u1eafc (an\u0101kul\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (c\u1ea7y c\u1ea5y). Ch\u0103n nu\u00f4i gia s\u00fac, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n, v.v&#8230; do c\u00e1ch [x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd], nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd gi\u1ea5c, h\u00e0nh vi ch\u1ec9nh t\u1ec1. T\u00ednh c\u00e1ch chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng b\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ecb l\u1ef1c (nh\u01b0 d\u1eady s\u1edbm) v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi x\u1ea5u, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n n\u00e0o nh\u01b0, t\u00ednh ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5, h\u00e0nh vi thi\u1ebfu nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, s\u1ee9c tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7, h\u00e0nh vi mu\u1ed9n m\u00e0ng, nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. V\u00ec khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ho\u1eb7c do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta hay \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a v\u1ee3 con ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng n\u00f4 hay \u0111\u1ea7y t\u1edb c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea7u sang ngay tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>K\u1ebb n\u00e0o nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh trong h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m. H\u1ecd d\u1eady s\u1edbm th\u1ee9c khuya, s\u1ebd gia t\u0103ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. (Sn.&nbsp;<\/em>187)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>V\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u00f3i quen ng\u1ee7 ng\u00e0y,<br>V\u00e0 k\u1ebb n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ee9c gi\u1ea5c ban \u0111\u00eam.<br>V\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean say s\u01b0a nh\u1eadu nh\u1eb9t<br>\u0110\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng cai qu\u1ea3n gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh.<br>H\u1ecd cho l\u00e0: qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh, qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 n\u1ea3i!<br>V\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd qua \u0111i<br>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 s\u1ebd tr\u00e1nh n\u00e9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<br>Nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebb n\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung ch\u00fa \u00fd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf nh\u1eb7t,<br>Khi tr\u1eddi l\u1ea1nh bu\u1ed1t hay oi b\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh<br>H\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong vi\u1ec7c m\u01b0u t\u00ecm h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac.<br>(D.iii 185,Gthag 231-2)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0 c\u00f2n n\u1eefa<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf khi ta c\u1ee9u v\u00e3n t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<br>Tranh \u0111ua, c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ong m\u1eadt.<br>T\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch lu\u1ef9<br>Gi\u1ed1ng h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ki\u1ebfn d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. (D. iii. 188)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>139. [<strong>140<\/strong>] Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i, v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 t\u1edbi n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i ri\u00eang r\u1ebd. V\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ba \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn cha m\u1eb9 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chung chung. T\u1ea1i sao ta g\u1ecdi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed7i v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u2018li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho M\u1eb9 v\u00e0 cho cha \u2018k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 6]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[D\u0101na\u00f1 ca dhammacariy\u0101 ca n\u0101tak\u0101na\u00f1 ca sangaho<br>Anavajj\u0101ni kamm\u0101ni: etam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>B\u1ed1 th\u00ed, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p<br>Ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c b\u00e0 con<br>L\u00e0m nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>140. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ta ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u2018vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed\u2019: b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y ch\u00fang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. (<em>d\u012byate),&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (<em>d\u0101na);&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao sang cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p hay t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch c\u01b0 x\u1eed kh\u00f4ng \u0111i tr\u1ec7ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang ph\u00e1p (dhammacariy\u0101)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>141. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y (<em>\u00f1\u0101yanto);<\/em>&nbsp;nh\u01b0 v\u1eady h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta (<em>\u00f1\u0101tak\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>142.&nbsp;<em>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft b\u1ebb v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (anavijja)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 coi l\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (<em>na avijja);&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n. L\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>143. C\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed (d\u0101n\u0101) l<\/em>\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed1 \u00fd, di\u1ec5n ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1edd t\u00ednh m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n, bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c cho \u0111i xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb l\u00f2ng \u01b0u \u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 239) ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng tham lam li\u00ean \u0111\u1edbi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u00fd \u0111\u00f3; v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb tham lam m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n giao v\u1eadt b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018Nh\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta cho \u0111i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed\u2019 (\u00a7140). Vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u1edf t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mai h\u1eadu n\u1eefa. Bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh y\u00eau d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh li\u00ean can \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018Siha, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng y\u00eau m\u1ebfn ng\u00e0i n\u1eefa.\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 39).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>144. M\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c: b\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u1ea1i g\u1ed3m hai lo\u1ea1i, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed nh\u1eefng c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 91). V\u1ec1 \u0110i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean; nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft. Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00fang sanh. V\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m (h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac) vui s\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4n l\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t \u0111au kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3 \u1edf tr\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u1eddi sau. [<strong>141<\/strong>] V\u1ec1 hai lo\u1ea1i b\u1ed1 th\u00ed th\u00ec c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0y tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nh\u1ea5t. Theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>B\u1ed1 Th\u00ed Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00e1c.<br>H\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb kh\u00e1c.<br>Ni\u1ec1m vui do gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111em l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng m\u1ecdi ni\u1ec1m vui kh\u00e1c.<br>K\u1ebft th\u00fac tham d\u1ee5c v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi \u0111au kh\u1ed5.\u2019<br>(Dh. I 354)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ta ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m sao b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u1eefa. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a (m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau)\u2019 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, c\u1ea7n x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng chi ti\u1ebft cho ch\u00fang sanh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe (h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c) v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3\u2019&nbsp;<em>(A.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 21)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn114\">[114]<\/a>&nbsp;v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>145.&nbsp;<em>H\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p (dhammacariya)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh bao g\u1ed3m trong m\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ec7n nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:\u2019 H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 gia nh\u00e2n, c\u00f3 t\u1edbi ba lo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u1ea1nh theo v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. (<em>M.<\/em>&nbsp;I 287) v.v&#8230; h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang theo Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng; v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 gia nh\u00e2n, ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do \u0103n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p. Nh\u1edd ch\u00fang sanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0o l\u00fac th\u00e2n ho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y sau khi ch\u1ebft, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n n\u01a1i nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh v\u00e0 tr\u00ean thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng v\u1eady. (<em>M. i. 285).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>146.&nbsp;<em>H\u1ecd h\u00e0ng (n\u0101tak\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1eddi t\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u00ean m\u1eb9 v\u00e0 ph\u00eda b\u00ean cha.&nbsp;<em>Vi\u1ec7c H\u1ed7 Tr\u1ee3 (sangaho)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0103n th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o m\u1eb7c, ng\u00f4 khoai, v.v&#8230; khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd do m\u1ea5t m\u00e1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n hay ch\u1ebft ch\u00f3c do b\u1ec7nh ho\u1ea1n c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i. v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi mai h\u1eadu bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh, v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>147.&nbsp;<em>Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m (an\u0101kul\u0101 ca kammant\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 cho c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1edbi b\u00e1t quan trai (Uposatha), th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, tr\u1ed3ng v\u01b0\u1eddn, tr\u1ed3ng r\u1eebng, l\u00e0m c\u1ea7u. v.v&#8230;v\u00ec nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[142] \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c Kinh nh\u01b0 kinh sau \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i: \u2018R\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, h\u1ee1i&nbsp;<em>Vis\u0101kh\u0101,&nbsp;<\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef ho\u1eb7c nam gi\u1edbi, sau khi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec (<em>upavasitv\u0101) n<\/em>g\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi. Sau khi ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean n\u01a1i c\u00f5i T\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng . (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 213)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>148. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u00fang Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi anh em, h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh ra sao ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u01a1i t\u1eebng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 \u2018v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed\u2019 k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 7]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[\u0100rati virati p\u0101p\u0101 majjap\u0101n\u0101 ca samyamo<br>appam\u0101do ca dhammesu: etam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u00e1c.<br>Ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111am m\u00ea r\u01b0\u1ee3u<br>Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a)<em>&nbsp;ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>149. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f9n b\u01b0\u1edbc, l\u00f9i l\u1ea1i, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf\u2019;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn115\">[115]<\/a>&nbsp;vi\u1ec7c ch\u00f9n b\u01b0\u1edbc, co r\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i, (<em>\u0101rati)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng co r\u00fam l\u1ea1i&nbsp;<em>(\u0101ramana). Vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh (virati)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u0169ng l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi ki\u00eang ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1; ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3; c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang khem (c\u1eef).&nbsp;<em>T\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c (p\u0101p\u0101),&nbsp;<\/em>ki\u00eang c\u1eef kh\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>150.&nbsp;<em>Khi\u1ebfn tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh u m\u00ea (majja)&nbsp;<\/em>hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n, \u0111am m\u00ea r\u01b0\u1ee3u ch\u00e8.&nbsp;<em>Th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh u m\u00ea (<\/em>ngh\u0129a \u0111en: th\u1ee9 ch\u1ea5t u\u1ed1ng khi\u1ebfn ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n (g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n):&nbsp;<em>majjap\u0101nam= majjassa p\u0101anam ((thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p<em>) ki\u00eang kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y nghi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 (samyamo)<\/em>: l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi thu th\u00fac. (<em>samyamana).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>151.<em>Si\u00eang n\u0103ng (appam\u0101do):&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi kh\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebfng (<em>appamajjana) Tr\u1ecdng Ph\u00e1p (dhammesu)<\/em>: n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>152. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Co r\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i (<em>\u0101rati)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng hoan h\u1ef7 (<em>anabhirati)<\/em>&nbsp;n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. V<em>i\u1ec7c ki\u00eang c\u1eef (virati)<\/em>&nbsp;h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf (viramana) th\u00e2n nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9u nghi\u1ec7p n\u01a1i hai m\u00f4n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. H\u00e0nh vi ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u00f3i quen,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn116\">[116]<\/a>&nbsp;ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec (\u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1eadn. V\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang c\u1eef n\u01a1i c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e0o \u0111\u1eddi, hay li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed hay n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u00eang c\u1eef kh\u1ecfi [suy t\u01b0.] th\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch g\u00ec cho t\u00f4i n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i s\u00e1t sanh, ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u2019 v.v&#8230; ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ki\u00eang c\u1eef theo t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7.\u2019 Khi di\u1ec5n ra nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u1ecd tr\u00ec (c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi) \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc, ta g\u1ecdi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u00eang c\u1eef theo th\u1ecd tr\u00ec.\u2019 Ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 di\u1ec5n ra n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t thi\u1ec7n nam t\u1eed l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u1ef1 cho m\u00ecnh s\u00e1t sanh, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018ki\u00eang c\u1eef theo c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t\u201d ti\u1ebfp theo sau \u0111i\u1ec1u di\u1ec5n ra n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u00e0 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u lo s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>A,&nbsp;<\/em>iii 204-6) \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u00f3 suy s\u1ee5p. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u00e1c x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c (<em>p\u0101pa) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i chi ti\u1ebft nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018Ng\u01b0\u1eddi con trai c\u1ee7a gia ch\u1ee7, s\u00e1t sanh l\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o nghi\u1ec7p [v\u00e0 c\u0169ng v\u1eady] l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c n\u1eefa, t\u00e0 d\u00e2m, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i d\u1ed1i. (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 181), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft th\u00e0nh \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018<\/em>[143]&nbsp;<em>S\u00e1t sanh v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i<br>kh\u00f4ng d\u00e0nh cho m\u00ecnh, n\u00f3i l\u00e1o,<br>ch\u1ea1y theo v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c<br>ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ed<br>l\u1ea1i ca ng\u1ee3i h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi lo\u1ea1i \u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1eeb b\u1ecf v\u00e0 ki\u00eang tr\u00e1nh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau g\u1ed3m trong vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ee7i ro \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y v\u00e0 trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng mai h\u1eadu n\u1eefa, v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111o\u1ea1n Kinh \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y: \u2018H\u1ee1i con trai ng\u01b0\u1eddi gia ch\u1ee7, khi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ki\u00eang c\u1eef kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1t sanh&#8230;\u2019(<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 205)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>153.&nbsp;<em>T\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t say. (majjap\u0101n\u0101 ca samyamo):&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang c\u1eef d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i (u\u1ed1ng) do r\u01b0\u1ee3u vang, r\u01b0\u1ee3u m\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t say. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng (Ch. ii. \u00a715). \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5t say \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec k\u1ebb n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t say \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p; k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed1i s\u1eed t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 v\u1edbi m\u1eb9 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cha m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c n\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Nh\u01b0 lai n\u1eefa. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch, trong ki\u1ebfp t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0 v\u00e0o kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh trong \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng mai h\u1eadu. Nh\u01b0ng khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u00eang c\u1eef kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t say \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng mi\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3m do nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 g\u00e2y ra v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>154. Si\u00eang n\u0103ng (<em>appam\u0101do)&nbsp;<\/em>n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec7n (<em>dhammesu) n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00f3i quen kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thi\u1ebfu ch\u0103m ch\u00fa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thi\u1ec7n.<\/em>&nbsp;Theo \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u00ednh bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 sau: \u201ckhi c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n, thi\u1ebfu ch\u0103m ch\u00fa, l\u01a1i l\u00e0, do d\u1ef1.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn117\">[117]<\/a>&nbsp;thi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh, thi\u1ebfu quan t\u00e2m, thi\u1ebfu c\u00e2n nh\u1eafc, thi\u1ebfu ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, thi\u1ebfu tu t\u1eadp, thi\u1ebfu quy\u1ebft \u0111o\u00e1n, thi\u1ebfu g\u1eafn k\u1ebft, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c&#8230;.. (<em>Vbh,&nbsp;<\/em>350). T\u00ednh si\u00eang n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n \u0111a d\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 b\u1ea5t t\u1eed. [<strong>144<\/strong>] v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 sau \u2018Khi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ch\u0103m ch\u00fa si\u00eang n\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf&#8230; m\u00ecnh \u2018 (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>I 350) v\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t t\u1eed ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c t\u00ednh si\u00eang n\u0103ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>155. V\u00ec v\u1eady trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ba \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang c\u1eef kh\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u x\u1ea5u xa, ki\u00eang c\u1eef kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9c u\u1ed1ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean c\u1ea7n trong ph\u00e1p. L\u00e0m sao ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u1edf t\u1eebng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 \u2018co r\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i, v\u00e0 ki\u00eang c\u1eef \u2018k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 8]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[G\u0101ravo ca niv\u0101to ca santu\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u0101a ca kata\u00f1\u00f1ut\u0101<br>K\u0101lena dhammasavanam:etam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>K\u00ednh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh<br>Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u01a1n<br>\u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi, nghe Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>156. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018R\u1ed3i K\u00ednh L\u1ec5\u2019:&nbsp;<em>k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 (G\u0101ravo) l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n (garubh\u0101va). Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n (niv\u0101to)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh&nbsp;<em>(n\u012bcavattana).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>157. H\u00e0i l\u00f2ng (santu\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u012b)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n&nbsp;<em>(santosa).&nbsp;<\/em>Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n (<em>katassa j\u0101nanat\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n (<em>kata\u00f1\u00f1ut\u0101).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>158.&nbsp;<em>Khi \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m (k\u0101lena): khi&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m. Khi th\u1eddi c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ebfn.&nbsp;<em>Nghe Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p: Dhammasavanam= dhammassa savanam (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p<em>).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)&nbsp;<em>C\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>159. C\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>K\u00ednh l\u1ec5 (<em>G\u0101ravo) l\u00e0 b\u00e0y t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n (garubh\u0101va). T\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n&nbsp;<\/em>(garukarana), l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n (g<em>\u0101<\/em>ravat<em>\u0101<\/em>).<em>&nbsp;S\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ed9c gi\u00e1c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5ng to\u00e0n gi\u00e1c. c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0, c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha, anh trai v\u00e0 ch\u1ecb g\u00e1i, v.v&#8230; h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u00ecnh t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 v\u1edbi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, v.v&#8230; theo nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i.\u2019 K\u1ebb n\u00e0o k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh l\u1ec5, k\u1ebb n\u00e0o k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. K\u1ebb n\u00e0o t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u1eady. N\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111em ra th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c sau khi ch\u1ebft, n\u01a1i c\u00f5i gi\u1edbi t\u00e1i sanh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, n\u01a1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t. N\u1ebfu v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t th\u00e2n x\u00e1c x\u1ea9y ra sau khi ch\u1ebft&#8230; thay v\u00ec t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n&#8230;n\u01a1i thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e0ng h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, k\u1ebb \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i c\u00f5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c cao qu\u00ed nh\u1ea5t. \u01a0 b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 ng\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 t\u00e1i sanh.&nbsp;<\/em>(M.&nbsp;<em>iii. 205) v\u00e0 theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, c\u00f3 b\u1ea3y \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kh\u1ecfi th\u1ed1i \u0111o\u1ea1: b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u1eady? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 K\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0&#8230;\u2019 (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<\/em>A.&nbsp;<em>iv. 27-31) v.v&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>160.&nbsp;<em>Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 Khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n (niv\u0101to) ch\u00ednh l<\/em>\u00e0 t\u1ef1 h\u1ea1 m\u00ecnh xu\u1ed1ng. Khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n trong phong c\u00e1ch, k\u1ebb n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh ki\u00eau c\u0103ng, v\u00e0 tr\u1edf n\u00ean gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 mi\u1ebfng gi\u1ebb lau ch\u00e2n, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con b\u00f2 \u0111\u1ef1c c\u00f3 c\u1eb7p s\u1eebng b\u1ecb c\u1eaft b\u1ecf, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con r\u1eafn c\u00f3 r\u0103ng n\u1ecdc b\u1ecb nh\u1ed5 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ecbu d\u00e0ng, ho\u00e0 nh\u00e3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi. \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018phong c\u00e1ch khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n.\u2019 [<strong>145<\/strong>] \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t danh v\u1ecdng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o t\u1ecf ra khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngoan c\u1ed1<br>Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c danh k\u1ec7m ti\u1ebfng t\u1ed1t. (Ja.&nbsp;<\/em>vi. 286)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>161.&nbsp;<em>Bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 (santu\u1e6d\u1e6dh\u012b)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi (b\u1ed1n) \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa. B\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m 12 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y c\u00e0 sa), c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec m\u00ecnh c\u00f3. M\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c m\u00ecnh c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh; c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed [ch\u1ed7 \u1edf, v\u00e0 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>162. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n chia nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3. \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 y c\u00e0 sa \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed1t hay kh\u00f4ng v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e3nh th\u1ee9 y c\u00e0 sa kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ee9 y ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n cho d\u00f9 n\u1ebfu t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e0 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y ph\u1ee5c. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u b\u1eadn y c\u00e0 sa n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho ng\u00e0i ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecfi m\u1ec7t, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi th\u1ee9 y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i cho v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed9 y ph\u1ee5c nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng h\u01a1n n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kia s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n do quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0) v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ec9 y ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u00f3: \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 theo s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2019 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y ph\u1ee5c. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu cao h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 y ph\u1ee5c r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eaft ti\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 y c\u00e0 sa b\u1eb1ng v\u1ea3i m\u1ecbn, r\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u2018\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t ly \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u n\u0103m\u2019. Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ecb c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c uy\u00ean b\u00e1c. V\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u li\u1ec1n hi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u00ecnh th\u00ec l\u1ef1a th\u1ee9 b\u1ecf \u0111i n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed1ng y ph\u1ee5c c\u0169 hay ch\u1ecdn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i y ph\u1ee5c n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c. Ch\u1ecdn l\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng y ph\u1ee5c b\u1ecb v\u00e1 v\u00e0 b\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7: \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn y ph\u1ee5c. C\u00f2n n\u1eefa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a \u0103n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 cho d\u00f9 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n hay cao c\u1ea5p, t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn m\u00e0 th\u00f4i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c cho d\u00f9 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho ng\u00e0i. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng (b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt) do s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed7i n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng hay s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1eadt nguy\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng n\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed5i cho v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng chung v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i trong \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn l\u1ea5y b\u01a1, m\u1eadt ong, hay s\u1eefa.v.v&#8230; t\u1eeb tay v\u1ecb n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi ph\u00e1p sa m\u00f4n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u2018th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh\u2019 [<strong>146<\/strong>] trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. M\u1ed9t v\u00ec t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 [c\u00f3 suy ngh\u1ec9 r\u1eb1ng] \u2018c\u1ee7a \u0103n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e2u n\u0103m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu kh\u00e1c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng tu tr\u00ec. nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.\u2019 v\u00e0 v\u00ec v\u1eady t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0y li\u1ec1n nh\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 li\u1ec1n ra \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m kh\u00e1c cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ed1 th\u00ed h\u1ed7n t\u1ea1p \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch m\u00e3n nguy\u1ec7n: \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh\u2019 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1 th\u00ed. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y khi v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ed7 \u1edf v\u00e0 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho m\u00ecnh. V\u00e0 n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n th\u00ec ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3: \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 \u1edf. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng [b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh] n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i \u1edf t\u1ed3i t\u00e0n ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n to\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u do \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh gay g\u1eaft v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i r\u1ea5t h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 cho m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o trong c\u1ed9ng \u0111o\u00e0n T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ed1ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e3ng h\u01a1n, m\u00e1t m\u1ebb h\u01a1n ch\u1ed7 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kia \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chu t\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi t\u1ef1 s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh.\u2019 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. M\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3kheo kh\u00e1c, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ch\u1ed7 \u1edf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ngay c\u1ea3 khi ch\u1ed7 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ebfn cho ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t ch\u1ed7 \u1edf t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho ta tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c; hay r\u01a1i v\u00e0o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, v\u00e0 thu\u1ef5 mi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n ra cho b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai c\u01b0 ng\u1ee5 trong \u0111\u00f3. V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p tham d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea5c ng\u1ee7 chinh ph\u1ee5c \u1edf n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3.\u2019; ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o. Nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u1edf ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi, d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ed9t g\u1ed1c c\u00e2y, trong m\u1ed9t c\u0103n ch\u00f2i l\u00e1. M\u00e0 r\u1ea5t bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi m\u00ecnh,\u2019 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa. L\u1ea1i n\u1eefa trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00fa l\u00e1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, hay v\u00fa l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng \u00f3ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3: ng\u00e0i ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc ao nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda tr\u00e2u, m\u1eadt, m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, v.v&#8230; do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 cho d\u00f9 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i ch\u0103ng n\u1eefa.: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019 trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, khi ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i c\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i v\u1eabn h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a cho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ed1ng chung trong \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0. V\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m t\u1eeb d\u1ea7u [nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c] c\u00f3 trong tay ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u1eefa tr\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec3 ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nghi\u1ec1n ng\u1eabm gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb s\u01b0: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh\u2019 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh. L\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u kh\u00e1c. [<strong>147<\/strong>] khi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1i b\u00f2 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi v\u00fa l\u00e1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn118\">[118]<\/a>&nbsp;l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i, v\u00e0 \u2018b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i k\u1eb9o\u2019&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn119\">[119]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t b\u00e1t kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c. r\u1ed3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta h\u1ecfi \u2018Ng\u00e0i, xin h\u00e3y nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9 n\u00e0o ng\u00e0i mu\u1ed1n\u2019 v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0o trong hai th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh cho ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i khen ng\u1ee3i n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u b\u00f2 tr\u1ed9n v\u1edbi l\u00e1 v\u00fa v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018nh\u1eefng ai ch\u1ecdn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia quy Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7n ch\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u b\u00f2 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi v\u00fa l\u00e1: h\u00e3y th\u1eed v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 trong su\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u01a1i.\u2019 (<em>Vin.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 58) v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n th\u1ee9 \u2018k\u1eb9o kho\u00e1i v\u1ecb\u201d v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng th\u1ee9 d\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0m b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ec3u b\u00f2 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1edbi v\u00fa l\u00e1. V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7: \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho m\u00ecnh\u201d trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhu c\u1ea7u thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed1c ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>163. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1ch ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7\u2019 ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, v\u00ec th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u00e1c ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n th\u00e1i qu\u00e1, \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u qu\u00e1 to t\u00e1t \u0111a tham v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t x\u1ea5u xa x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00f3 (\u00e1c d\u1ee5c). (<em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc MA.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 138), v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea3i t\u00e1i sanh n\u01a1i nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng \u2018T\u1ee9 h\u01b0\u1edbng\u2019 v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n kh\u00e1ng n\u01a1i t\u1ee9 h\u01b0\u1edbng cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<br>V\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec d\u00e0nh cho ng\u00e0i. (Sn. 42) v.v&#8230;<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>164.&nbsp;<em>Bi\u1ebft \u01a1n (kata\u00f1\u00f1ut\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft (<em>j\u0101nant\u0101), n<\/em>h\u1edd h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap. Cho d\u00f9 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u, cho d\u00f9 do b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 ai th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa, \u201cl\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n\u2019 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed3i t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh v\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi n\u00e0y tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \u0111au kh\u1ed5 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, v.v&#8230; do \u0111\u00f3 \u2018l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n\u2019 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1edb l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. V\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n nh\u1eb1m ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh khen ng\u1ee3i do c\u00e1c ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n. V\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u2018 H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, c\u00f3 hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ebfm th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, hai h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ai v\u1eady? L\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea3 \u01a1n.\u2019(<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 87).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>165.&nbsp;<em>Nghe Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang gi\u1edd gi\u1ea5c .(k\u0101lena dhammasavanam.):<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nghe Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i khi t\u00e2m c\u00e2u h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt hay nh\u1eefng d\u1ee5c t\u1ea7m, hay s\u00e2n \u00e1c, ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 ch\u00fang ta.[l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady] \u1edf v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ebf n\u00f3i \u2018l\u1eafng nghe Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac.\u2019t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe ph\u00e1p li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong n\u0103m ng\u00e0y. Theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i \u2018[<strong>148<\/strong>] \u2018Nh\u01b0ng trong su\u1ed1t n\u0103m ng\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta ng\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e0n v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p\u2019 (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 207); Vin. i. 352). H\u01a1n th\u1ebf n\u1eefa \u2018L\u1eafng nghe Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac, \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m\u2019 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ta ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n h\u1eefu t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nghe \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng nghi ng\u1edd c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ch\u00fang ta. Theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u2018 \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecfi han v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n b\u00e8.\u2019 (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 285) v.v&#8230; Vi\u1ec7c l\u1eafng nghe Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap ta \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 nhi\u1ec1u danh hi\u1ec7u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p c\u00e1i, \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 b\u1ed1n m\u1ed1i l\u1ee3i. v\u00e0 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i \u2018 H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng d\u1ecbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed l\u1eafng nghe ph\u00e1p, ch\u00fa t\u00e2m l\u1eafng nghe, ch\u0103m ch\u00fa v\u00e0 to\u00e0n t\u00e2m ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp \u0111\u00f3 trong l\u00f2ng h\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb n\u0103m ph\u00e1p c\u00e1i v\u1ea5n v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eefa.\u2019 (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 95) v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1eefa, \u2018H\u1ee1i ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, khi nh\u1eefng Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ecdt v\u00e0o tai&#8230;l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ea5u tri\u1ec7t k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ef3 v\u1ecdng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i \u00edch to l\u1edbn.\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 185) v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u1eefa, \u2018H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n ph\u00e1p, m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ee5 t\u1eadp k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng, \u0111ang khi x\u1ea9y ra nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u00ec cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c.. b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 g\u00ec? Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eafng nghe \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi&#8230;\u2019 (<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 140) v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>166. Ch\u00ednhv\u00ec th\u1ebf trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn K\u00ednh L\u1ec5, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n, th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7, l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac. T\u1ea1i sao n\u0103m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh ta \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch v\u00e0 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 trong t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y \u2018t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u2018 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 9]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[Khanti ca sovacassat\u0101 saman\u0101na\u00f1 ca dassanam<br>K\u0101lena dhammas\u0101kacch\u0101: etam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, l\u1eddi ho\u00e0 nh\u00e3,<br>Y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c Sa-m\u00f4n<br>\u0110\u00fang th\u1eddi, \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn ph\u00e1p<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a)&nbsp;<em>ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>167. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018t\u00ednh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i\u2019:&nbsp;<em>nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i hay nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c (Khanti)<\/em>&nbsp;l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0nh vi ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn (<em>khamana). khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda (l\u1ed7i) (sovacassat\u0101):<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn120\">[120]<\/a><em>&nbsp;v\u00ec&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1eddi s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a [ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3] \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i d\u1ec5 nghe (ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (<em>suvaco);&nbsp;<\/em>h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn (<em>suvacassa kammam)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u0169ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. (<em>sovacassabhavo) l\u1ea1i mang \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00f3i ra (sovacassata= t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u00ednh khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n khi b\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i\u2019)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>168. L\u00e0&nbsp;<em>C\u00e1c V\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n (samana)&nbsp;<\/em>b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 an t\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c (<em>kilesanam samitatta). Nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y (dassanam)<\/em>: nh\u00ecn ng\u1eafm ch\u0103m ch\u00fa.&nbsp;<em>\u0110\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p: dhammasakaccha = dhammassa sakaccha (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p<em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&nbsp;Nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean.\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>169. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[<strong>149<\/strong>]&nbsp;<em>T\u00ednh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i (khanti)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn121\">[121]<\/a>&nbsp;N\u1ebfu v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u n\u00e0o ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh n\u00e0y, khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3u l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng l\u0103ng m\u1ea1&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn122\">[122]<\/a>&nbsp;ho\u1eb7c \u0111e do\u1ea1 ng\u00e0i v\u1edbi c\u1ef1c h\u00ecnh, v.v&#8230; ng\u00e0i h\u00e0nh x\u1eed nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nghe bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y g\u00ec h\u1ebft v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf v\u1ebb b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0i Khantivadi (v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c), theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018Ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n<br>m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng m\u1eabu m\u1ef1c;<br>ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf ra nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c ngay c\u1ea3 khi<br>nh\u00e0 vua Kasi ra l\u1ec7nh gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i ng\u00e0i.\u2019 (Ja.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 43)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ho\u1eb7c gi\u1ea3 ng\u00e0i t\u1ecf ra l\u01b0u t\u00e2m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh n\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111au \u0111\u1edbn kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 th\u00eam, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 . Ng\u00e0i Punna, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i \u2018th\u01b0a Ng\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00f9ng San<em>\u0101<\/em>garanta s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c hay d\u1ecda n\u1ea1t t\u00f4i, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng: \u2018Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n San<em>\u0101<\/em>paranta n\u00e0y qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng khen th\u1eadt, th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1ng khen n\u1eefa, v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea5m th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o m\u1eb7t t\u00f4i l\u00e0 may.\u2019 (<em>M.<\/em>&nbsp;iii. 268) v.v&#8230; nh\u1eefng ai c\u00f3 t\u00ednh nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ti\u00ean tri khen ng\u1ee3i. Theo nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri Sarabhanga \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>K\u1ebb n\u00e0o gi\u1ebft ch\u1ebft s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, ch\u1eb3ng bu\u1ed3n s\u1ea7u n\u1eefa bao gi\u1edd.<br>C\u1ea3 ti\u00ean tri ph\u1ea3i khen ng\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u00ednh khinh mi\u1ec7t.<br>H\u00e3y nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i [v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi] n\u00f3i ra c\u00e1ch th\u00f4 b\u1ec9;<br>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u1ea3n s\u1ebd n\u00f3i: Nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br>(Ja.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 141)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>V\u00e0 ng\u00e0i c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean ca ng\u1ee3i, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018Ch\u00ednh khi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00fa cho s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh phi thu\u1eddng<br>L\u00e0 l\u00fac ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i<br>H\u1ecd cho l\u00e0: nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf t\u00ednh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<br>N\u1ebfu y\u1ebfu \u0111u\u1ed1i, ta ph\u1ea3i lu\u00f4n t\u1ecf ra nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i. (S.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 222)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn123\">[123]<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd c\u00e1c v\u1ecb To\u00e0n Gi\u00e1c c\u0169ng ng\u1ecf l\u1eddi khen ng\u1ee3i ng\u00e0i n\u1eefa, theo nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi thi\u00ean v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebf th\u00edch, vua c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean ti\u1ebfng n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018K\u1ebb n\u00e0o tho\u00e1t s\u00e2n h\u1eadn s\u1ebd ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c<br>nh\u1eefng l\u0103ng nh\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 tra t\u1ea5n n\u1eefa.<br>v\u1edbi ki\u00ean tr\u00ec ta t\u0103ng th\u00eam s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh<br>v\u00e0 m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd ta b\u00e0y binh b\u1ed1 tr\u1eadn.<br>Qu\u1ea3 th\u1eadt t\u00f4i t\u00f4n ng\u00e0i: B\u1eadc Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.\u201d<br>&nbsp;(Sn.&nbsp;<\/em>623;&nbsp;<em>Dh.&nbsp;<\/em>399).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[<strong>150<\/strong>] Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn ngay tr\u00ean c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 n\u01a1i c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi sau n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>170.&nbsp;<em>Khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n l\u00fac b\u1ecb khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch (sovacassata)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u1ea1o ra l\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t ra (<em>vacanakaranata) \u2018t\u1ed1t l\u1eafm\u2019<\/em>&nbsp;do ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00fd[nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1eeda tr\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c] do ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ecf v\u1ebb bao dung l\u1ea9n tr\u00e1nh hay im l\u1eb7ng hay ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t hay x\u1ea5u &#8230;. Ta g\u1ecdi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea3o trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n gi\u00fap ta lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf t\u1eadt x\u1ea5u v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>171. Y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n (<em>saman\u0101na\u00f1 ca dassanam) ch\u00ednh<\/em>&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn, \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p, gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1, t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 l\u1eafng nghe c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t gia Quy Ph\u1eadt, an t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp gi\u1edbi, t\u00e2m v\u00e0 tu\u1ec7&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn124\">[124]<\/a>&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn an t\u1ecbnh tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u00f3 ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn\u2019 v\u1edbi Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p l\u00fd s\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb3ng nh\u1ea5t.<sup>95&nbsp;<\/sup>Ta n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady? V\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111em l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch l\u1edbn lao cho ta v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y: \u2018<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>&nbsp;<\/em>H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u. Ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i, ti\u1ebfp ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 th\u1eadt v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u00edch l\u1ee3i\u2019(<em>Iti.&nbsp;<\/em>107) v.v&#8230; k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, ngay sau khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c \u01b0\u1edbc ao \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ngay t\u1ea1i c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5c d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec kh\u1ea3 d\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i; n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u1ea3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ph\u1ee5c l\u1ea1y,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn125\">[125]<\/a>&nbsp;n\u1ebfu ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u01a1 hai tay l\u00ean tr\u1eddi; n\u1ebfu ngay c\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m l\u00f2ng tin c\u1ea9n v\u00e0 kho\u00e9 m\u1eaft tin y\u00eau. R\u1ed3i do c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u2018y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn\u2019 \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3i qua bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt bu\u1ed3n r\u1ea7u&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn126\">[126]<\/a>&nbsp;x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng&#8230; m\u1eaft ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd s\u00e1ng l\u00ean v\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u1ea7u gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ea5m k\u00ednh c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 pha l\u00ea di chuy\u1ec3n trong ph\u1ea1m cung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdc b\u00edch qu\u00ed h\u00f3a v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi v\u1ebb t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0n thi\u00ean ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u00e0 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 ta kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean: m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u2018y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn\u2019 c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00e1c V\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra vi\u1ec7c \u2018y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn\u2019 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb sa m\u00f4n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u1eb7t h\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng ch\u00edn m\u00f9i, v\u00ec ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u2018s\u00fac sanh\u2019 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 ni\u1ec1m tin t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u, nh\u01b0 l\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang c\u0169ng \u0111em l\u1ea1i bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>[<strong>151<\/strong>]<em>&nbsp;\u2018con c\u00fa m\u1eaft tr\u00f2n xoe, \u0111\u1eadu h\u1ed3i l\u00e2u<br>tr\u00ean ngon c\u00e2y vedisaka kia-<br>\u00d4i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u00fa ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng<br>ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn \u0110\u1ee9c ph\u1eadt d\u1eady \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac!<br>T\u00e2m tr\u00ed tin v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<br>V\u00e0 T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ecdn.<br>C\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i ki\u1ebfp<br>Kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2m v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n t\u00fang thi\u1ebfu b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng.<br>Ai t\u00e1i sanh t\u1eeb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi cao.<br>S\u1eb5n c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c d\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 l\u1ed1i;<br>Tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n c\u00f5i tr\u1ea7n gian s\u1ebd g\u1ecdi<br>K\u1ebb h\u00e2n hoan ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00f4 song.\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>172.&nbsp;<em>V\u00e0 r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m (k\u0101lena dhammas\u0101kacch\u0101):&nbsp;<\/em>ngay v\u00e0o l\u00fac lo\u1ea1ng cho\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1i&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn127\">[127]<\/a>cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00ecnh minh l\u00f3 r\u1ea1ng, c\u00f3 hai v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u tinh th\u00f4ng Kinh, \u0111ang th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 hai chuy\u00ean gia Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, hay hai v\u1ecb tinh th\u00f4ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c hai chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i Kinh, chuy\u00ean thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p Kinh B\u1ea3n Sinh ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi nhau nh\u1eb1m xua tan m\u1ecdi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i, ph\u00f3ng d\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nghi ng\u1edd b\u1ee7a v\u00e2y t\u1ee9 ph\u00eda: \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac.\u2019 C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn128\">[128]<\/a>&nbsp;trong Kinh, v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>173. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i, y\u1ebft ki\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0m lu\u1eadn Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00eau tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u1edf tr\u00ean n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 \u2018nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c\u2019 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 10]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[Tapo ca brahmacariya\u00f1 ca ariyasacc\u0101\u00f1a \u2018\u201ddassanam<br>Nibb\u0101n\u0101cchikiriy\u0101 ca: etam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh<br>Th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00fd th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf.<br>Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 \u201cNi\u1ebft b\u00e0n.\u2019<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a)&nbsp;<em>Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>174. Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m\u2019: thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i (<em>tapati)&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p \u00e1c v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c. Ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018kh\u1eafc kh\u1ed5\u2019 (tapo).&nbsp;<em>Ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh (tapati)&nbsp;<\/em>hay cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh thu\u1ed9c gi\u1edbi ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean. (<em>brahm\u0101nam cariyam \u2013 (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p kh\u00e1c<em>),&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111i\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>175. Ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1eadc th\u00e0nh. (ariyasacc\u0101na\u2019dassanam= ariyasacc\u0101nam dassamam. (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p<em>), nh<\/em>\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng trang nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>176. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng (<em>Nikkhantam VANNto),&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (n\u00edp b\u00e0n) (<em>nibb\u0101na);<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn129\">[129]<\/a><em>&nbsp;h<\/em>\u00e0nh vi nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 (<em>sacchikarana)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. (<em>cacchikiriya). Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 t\u1ecbnh di\u1ec7t:nibb\u0101nasacchikiriy\u0101= nibb\u0101ssa sacchikiriy\u0101 (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p<em>)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[<em>(b) C\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>177. Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m (tapo)&nbsp;<\/em>ho\u1eb7c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec1m ch\u1ebf (xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong Vis. Ch. I \u00a742\/ tr. 15 tt) v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i h\u1ebft (<em>tapati)&nbsp;<\/em>tham, \u01b0u., v.v.. [<strong>152<\/strong>] ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tinh t\u1ea5n, v\u00ec n\u00f3 thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i h\u1ebft nh\u00e0n r\u1ed7i; ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m, ta g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh (<em>\u0101t\u0101p\u012b).&nbsp;<\/em>\u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf tham \u00e1c, v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 nh\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc thi\u1ec1n Jhana, v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>178.&nbsp;<em>Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh (brahmacariyam.)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang kh\u00f4ng giao c\u1ea5u. V\u00ec m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n,(n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh (concentration) v\u00ec Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00ec ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. V\u00ec trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 v\u1ecb \u1ea5y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh. \u2018 (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 179) \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ki\u00eang c\u1eef kh\u00f4ng giao c\u1ea5u.&nbsp;<em>(methunavirati)&nbsp;<\/em>ta g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 (ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh). Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n, \u2018H\u1ee1i ch\u01b0 huynh, ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n ch\u0103ng?\u2019 (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>I 147) \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a Sa-m\u00f4n (<em>samanadhamma).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0,<em>&nbsp;\u2018<\/em>H\u1ee1i Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng, ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f4 d\u01b0 n\u00edp b\u00e0n cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ta tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 lan r\u1ed9ng ra nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.\u2019 (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 106) \u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p (<em>s\u0101sana).&nbsp;<\/em>Trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 \u2018 H\u1ee1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn&#8230;\u2019 (<em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc S.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 8 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t 26) \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o (magga). To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ecf ra th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb lo\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m chung th\u1ea5y \u0111u\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh.\u2019 \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t li\u00ean ti\u1ebfp cao h\u01a1n. [ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 b\u1ed1n th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Nh\u1eadp L\u01b0u v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i].<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>179. Th\u1ea5y Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh (<em>ariyasacc\u0101na\u2019dassanam)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p nh\u00e3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Nh\u1edd \u0111\u00f3 ta ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc b\u1ed1n Ch\u00e2n \u0110\u1ebf nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng Nam t\u1eed H\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea1o. (Ch. iv. \u00a7\u00a722-3) \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u01b0\u1ee3t th\u1eafng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00f2ng lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>180. Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (<em>nibbanasacchikiriy\u0101)<\/em>: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh q\u1ee7a A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ebfn; v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t,\u2019 vi\u1ec7c kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u00e1i d\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c\u2019 (<em>v\u0101na)&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c tr\u00f3i bu\u1ed9c do n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn130\">[130]<\/a>\u0111em l\u1ea1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc [\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o] hay vi\u1ec7c qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t ph\u00e1p [\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3] ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018 Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u2018 (xin \u0111\u1ecdc Vis. Ch. xxii) tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00ec lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean [nh\u01b0 th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o] \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp ngay trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc\u2019 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea5y ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh\u2019 ta kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n n\u00e0y. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf [<strong>153<\/strong>]th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, qu\u00e1n x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i th\u00e1nh Qu\u1ea3 n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i l\u1ea1c tr\u00fa . v.v&#8230;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>181. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh chung v\u1edbi \u2018nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh\u2019 s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh, th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. L\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m r\u00f5 n\u01a1i t\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00eau tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 \u2018l\u00f2ng nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m\u2019 n\u00e0y k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 11]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[Phu\u1e6d\u1e6dhassa lokadhammehi cittam yassa na kampati<br>Asokam virajam khemam: etam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Khi x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eddi<br>T\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng s\u1ea7u<br>Kh\u00f4ng u\u1ebf nhi\u1ec5m an \u1ed5n<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(a)&nbsp;<em>Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u1eebI<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>182. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn, \u2018Cho d\u00f9 x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, \u2018<em>B\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n (phutthassa \u2013 ngh\u0129a \u0111en \u2018x\u00fac ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ebfn\u2019)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac (<em>phusitassa), khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn.&nbsp;<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn131\">[131]<\/a><em>&nbsp;Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian (lokadhamma)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian (<em>loke dhamma \u2013 (thay t<\/em>h\u1ebf hai \u00e2m ng\u1eafn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p<em>) nh<\/em>\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao l\u00e2u th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c di\u1ec5n ra. L\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a mu\u1ed1n \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>183.&nbsp;<em>T\u00e2m (citta)<\/em>&nbsp;ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd&nbsp;<em>(mano),<\/em>&nbsp;t\u00e2m \u0111\u1ecba<em>&nbsp;(manassa). C\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 (yassa-&nbsp;<\/em>ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>\u2018c\u1ee7a h\u1eafn\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Phutthassa \u1edf tr\u00ean<em>,<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch):m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u m\u1edbi gia nh\u1eadp, v\u1ecb trung ni\u00ean, hay v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn132\">[132]<\/a>,&nbsp;<em>Ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd&#8230;dao \u0111\u1ed9ng (na kampati):&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd b\u1ecb lung l\u1ea1c hay giao \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>184.<em>V\u00f4 s\u1ea7u (asokam):&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n<em>&nbsp;(nissoka),<\/em>&nbsp;b\u1ecb m\u0169i t\u00ean s\u1ea7u mu\u1ed9n \u0111\u00e2m th\u1ea5u.<em>&nbsp;V\u00f4 t\u1ef3 v\u1ebft (vir\u0160ajam): c\u00e1c v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t (vigataraja) c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 v\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch (viddhastaraja). \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n (khemam)<\/em>: tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi do\u1ea1 n\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf tr\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[(b)&nbsp;<em>Ph\u1ea7n Ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a<\/em>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>185. Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ta s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd dao \u0111\u1ed9ng (phutthassa lokadhammehi cittam yassa ma kampati):khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ecb l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n (ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac) khi\u1ebfn ph\u1ea3i phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n, do t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0: l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn, thua l\u1ed7 (ti\u1ebfng k\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng x\u1ea5u), khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 khen ng\u1ee3i, h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 260) v\u00e0 t\u00e2m hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3o lung lay. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111em \u0111\u1ebfn cho ta hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng giao \u0111\u1ed9ng si\u00eau nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb lay chuy\u1ec3n khi b\u1ecb khu\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n, trong \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ecdi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t (c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc<br>kh\u00f4ng lay chuy\u1ec3n tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh<br>c\u0169ng v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 c\u1ea3nh s\u1eafc<br>c\u1ea3nh thinh, c\u1ea3nh kh\u00ed, c\u1ea3nh v\u1ecb, hay \u1ea3nh x\u00fac n\u00e0o<br>cho d\u00f9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ee1 n\u00e0o<br>ph\u00e1p gh\u00e9t hay \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<br>lay l\u1ea1c nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf<br>t\u00e2m \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng<br>khi nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u1ed1 h\u1eefu \u0111\u00f3. (A.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 379)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>186. [<strong>154<\/strong>] Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 t\u00e2m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c to\u00e0n l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>V\u00f4 s\u1ea7u<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>asokam).&nbsp;<\/em>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n d\u00ednh d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 sau, \u2018\u01afu phi\u1ec1n, s\u1ea7u n\u00e3o, bu\u1ed3n s\u1ea7u, \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n n\u1ed9i t\u00e2m, phi\u1ec1n mu\u1ed9n t\u00e2m h\u1ed3n, \u0111ang hu\u1ef7 ho\u1ea1i c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng ch\u00fang sanh.\u2019 (<em>Vbh.&nbsp;<\/em>100). M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (<em>nibb\u0101na), nh<\/em>\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p \u0103n \u00fd (\u00fd ngh\u0129a) v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng g\u00ec trong d\u00f2ng v\u0103n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a k\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018 v\u00f4 s\u1ea7u\u2019 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta m\u1edbi c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i<em>&nbsp;v\u00f4 t\u1ef3 v\u1ebft.(virajam)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>khemam),&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u2018<em>v\u00f4 t\u1ef3 v\u1ebft\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ea5n b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 v\u1ebft nh\u01a1 tham d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 si m\u00ea (delusion) n\u00e0o, v\u00e0 \u2018<em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ec tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi t\u1ee9 ph\u01b0\u1ee3c bu\u1ed9c&nbsp;<em>(D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 230). Do \u0111\u00f3 ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, v\u00ec cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u00f4ng qua ba t\u1eeb b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u2018n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n phi\u1ec1n\u2019.] Nh\u01b0ng khi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ngay v\u00e0o l\u00fac di\u1ec5n ra d\u01b0\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00ecnh \u1ed5n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng tuy\u1ec7t di\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y, v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed (d\u00e2ng c\u00fang) v.v&#8230; (xin \u0111\u1ecdc e.g. M. I 37)&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn133\">[133]<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>187. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf trong \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed1n \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh t\u00e2m v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, t\u00e2m v\u00f4 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, t\u00e2m v\u00f4 t\u1ef3 v\u1ebft v\u00e0 t\u00e2m an to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. C\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian. T\u1ea1i sao ta l\u1ea1i coi b\u1ed1n t\u00e2m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ta \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 \u1edf tr\u00ean khi \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eebng v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c<em>cho d\u00f9 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian l\u00f4i cu\u1ed1n, t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3&#8230;.[s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd giao \u0111\u1ed9ng]<\/em>&nbsp;k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[\u0110o\u1ea1n K\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 12]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>[Et\u0101dis\u0101ni katv\u0101na sabbattha-m-apar\u0101jit\u0101<br>Sabbattha sotthim gachanti:tam tesam mangalam uttamam]<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>L\u00e0m s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady<br>Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i<br>Kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n<br>L\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>188. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi \u2018Kh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu\u2019 (k\u1ec7 th\u1ee9 hai) gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i th\u1ed1t l\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u2018V\u00ec l\u00e0m s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n vinh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n g\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>189.<em>&nbsp;Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (et\u0101dis\u0101ni): G<\/em>i\u1ed1ng nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (<em>et\u0101ni dis\u0101ni)<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau, \u201ckh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu si\u2019 v.v&#8230; v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng lo\u1ea1i b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh.\u2019&nbsp;<em>V\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (katv\u0101na): t<\/em>\u1eeb<em>&nbsp;katv\u0101na&nbsp;<\/em>c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb<em>&nbsp;katv\u0101na hay katv\u0101 (<\/em>m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c danh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c)v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a gi\u1ed1ng nhau<em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>190.&nbsp;<em>Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u (sabbattha-m-apar\u0101jit\u0101):<\/em>[<strong>155<\/strong>] \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1icho d\u00f9 ngay c\u1ea3 trong s\u1ed1 do b\u1ed1n k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng, phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, ph\u00e1p h\u00e0nh ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u1eefa, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n k\u1ebb th\u00f9 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i. M\u1eabu t\u1ef1&nbsp;<em>m&nbsp;<\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y [t\u1eeb gh\u00e9p sabbattha-m-apar<em>\u0101<\/em>jit<em>\u0101<\/em>) n\u00ean coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1ed3ng gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u1eeb l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>191.&nbsp;<em>V\u00e0 \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n. (sabba gacchanti)<\/em>: cho d\u00f9 tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y hay n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f5i n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c, cho d\u00f9 trong d\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee9ng, \u0111i, v.v&#8230;&nbsp;<em>h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111i trong an to\u00e0n tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i b\u1edfi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean b\u1ea5t chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi b\u1ed1n Ma V\u01b0\u01a1ng sau khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh.&nbsp;<\/em>\u00dd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp: h\u1ecd b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i trong an to\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb uy hi\u1ebfp, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb phi\u1ec1n h\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n, l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng khi\u1ebfp s\u1ee3, v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c, tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi b\u1ef1c d\u1ecdc, b\u1ed3n ch\u1ed3n lo l\u1eafng, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean do giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu si \u0111\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed9n, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i. Ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00e2m m\u0169i (nasal) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8n v\u00e0o ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u0103ng th\u00eam th\u1ec3 k\u1ec7 cho \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn134\">[134]<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>192.&nbsp;<em>\u0110\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng (tam tesam mangalam uttamam):&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef n\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd (Kinh) c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o v\u1eady? \u201cH\u1ee1i thi\u00ean t\u1eed, h\u00e3y coi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn k\u1ebb n\u00e0o th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u01b0 v\u1eady (<em>et\u0101dis\u0101ni karonti).&nbsp;<\/em>R\u1ed3i cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u th\u00ec c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n. (<em>sabbattha sotthim gacchanti), \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 (tam) \u2013<\/em>&nbsp;c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu si, v.v&#8230; ch\u00ednh v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u1ebb n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 [m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o.]<em>.<\/em>&nbsp;T\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng,&nbsp;<em>(uttamam),<\/em>nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t.<em>&nbsp;\u2018&nbsp;<\/em>Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y khi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt k\u1ebft th\u00fac gi\u00e1o l\u00fd n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n, v\u00e0 con s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1eadp L\u01b0u, ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 Nh\u1ea5t Lai, v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 B\u1ea5t Lai c\u0169ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>193. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0m \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1edbi Ananda nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018H\u1ee1i Ananda, \u0111\u00eam qua c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p Nh\u01b0 lai v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. Nh\u01b0 lai \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i cho v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 ba m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh. H\u00e3y h\u1ecdc Kinh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y, h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u t\u1ee5ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh n\u00e0y h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, Ananda \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn Kinh \u0110i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u t\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n, nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf ta n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 lan truy\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i n\u01a1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, [<strong>156<\/strong>] nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh gieo r\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng. (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 106).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><strong><em>[K\u1ebft Lu\u1eadn]<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>194. \u0110\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 [c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y] ngay t\u1eeb l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m gi\u00fap c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng am hi\u1ec3u nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u0110\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c ch\u00fang sanh, mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ngay tr\u00ean tr\u1ea7n gian n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf c\u00f5i mai h\u1eadu c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac si\u00eau th\u1ebf n\u1eefa. Sau khi \u0111\u00e3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi\u1ec7c giao l\u01b0u v\u1edbi k\u1ebb ngu si v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1eady nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4n ngoan, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i k\u00ednh l\u1ec5. &#8211; khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n. &#8211; m\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn theo c\u00e1ch (b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3) m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng khen ng\u1ee3i. V\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt k\u1ef9 c\u00e0ng. &#8211; cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi n\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia Quy Ph\u1eadt, khi \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a kh\u1eed tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed1i n\u1ee3 c\u0169 [\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c] nh\u1edd hi\u1ebfu d\u01b0\u1ee1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eb9, l\u1ea1i k\u00fd giao k\u00e8o v\u1edbi m\u00f3n n\u1ee3 kh\u00e1c [\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh h\u1ecd] b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u1ee3 v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng l\u1ee3i n\u01a1i c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i, ng\u0169 c\u1ed1c nh\u1edd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i ch\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m ch\u00fa th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch coi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea7u sang th\u00f4ng qua b\u1ed1 th\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ed1t l\u00f5i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u1edd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh s\u1ed1ng theo ph\u00e1p. H\u1ecd ch\u0103m lo h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e0 con v\u00e0 ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi th\u00f4ng qua ki\u00ean c\u1eef h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua ki\u00eang c\u1eef kh\u00f4ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t say, g\u00e2y thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n thi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 du\u00f4i trong ph\u00e1p. \u2013 V\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u thi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t gia quy Ph\u1eadt, r\u1ed3i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 tu t\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u1ed1i th\u1eafng n\u01a1i b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn tu tr\u00ec c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 t\u1ecf th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed ng\u00e0i, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y d\u1ea1y, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0, v.v&#8230; v\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf h\u1ebft t\u00ednh tham lam \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. H\u1ecd t\u1ef1 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u01a1i b\u1eadc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00e2n nh\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1ecf l\u00f2ng bi\u1ebft \u01a1n, v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i sau khi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eeb b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh u\u1ec3 o\u1ea3i n\u01a1i t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng qua l\u1eafng nghe ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi \u00e2u lo phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o th\u00f4ng qua ki\u00ean tr\u00ec nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng. H\u1ecd t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh th\u00f4ng qua t\u00ednh khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n trong vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sa-m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf th\u00f4ng qua tranh lu\u1eadn, b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p ho\u00e0i nghi v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1p \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0i nghi, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thanh t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m thu th\u00fac c\u00e1c c\u0103n quy\u1ec1n, c\u0103n thanh t\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea1m h\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp b\u1ed1n thanh l\u1ecdc&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_edn135\">[135]<\/a>&nbsp;ti\u1ebfp ngay sau nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u2013[<strong>157<\/strong>] R\u1ed3i th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1ch tu luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y tri ki\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u1ea5y c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf.\u2019 Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t.\u2019 hay N\u00edp B\u00e0n. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00fac n\u00e0y t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n b\u1ecb dao \u0111\u1ed9ng do ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u00e1m ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf gian v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 n\u00fai Tu di (Sineru) tr\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00f3 m\u01b0a; nh\u1eefng t\u00e2m n\u00e0y g\u1ed3m, kh\u00f4ng \u01b0u phi\u1ec1n, v\u00f4 t\u1ef3 v\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n, r\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng ai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi trong an to\u00e0n \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>V\u00ec th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<br>H\u1ecd ch\u1eb3ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2u.<br>\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c an to\u00e0n cho d\u00f9 di kh\u1eafp mu\u00f4n n\u01a1i.<br>\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1m l\u00e0nh t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Kinh \u0111i\u1ec1m L\u00e0nh trong t\u1eadp ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Ti\u1ec3u t\u1ee5ng k\u1ebft th\u00fac t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>-ooOoo-<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref1\">[1]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Atthupatti \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p sanh\u2019 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i; m\u1ed9t trong b\u1ed1n l\u00fd do \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u Kinh n\u00e0y (<em>suttanikkhepa)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1ea5y v\u00ed d\u1ee5 trong&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>I 15, ba nhu c\u1ea7u ph\u00e1p sanh n\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>attajjh\u0101saya&nbsp;<\/em>(do khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t bi\u1ec3u),&nbsp;<em>parajjh\u0101saya&nbsp;<\/em>(do khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a th\u00ednh gi\u1ea3) v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>pucch\u0101vasika (<\/em>l\u00e0 do k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra. Xin \u0111\u1ecdc danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref2\">[2]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018Tr\u00ed chung cu\u1ed9c\u2019 (<em>a\u00f1\u00f1\u0101)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref3\">[3]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>passato&nbsp;<\/em>trong ti\u1ebfng Cey. ti\u1ebfng Mi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng sanskrit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref4\">[4]<\/a>&nbsp;C\u00e2u&nbsp;<em>Samm\u0101-sam\u0101dhim \u2026saparikkh\u0101ram (<\/em>ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c trang b\u1ecb) xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong&nbsp;<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 71.\u2019trang b\u1ecb\u2019 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y g\u1ed3m b\u1ea3y chi ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 = ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref5\">[5]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>yasmin c\u0101yam \u0101yasm\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1edbi ti\u1ebfng Mi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng sanskrit, ti\u1ebfng Cey. vi\u1ebft l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>yasmin c\u2019\u0101yasm\u0101.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref6\">[6]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Puggal\u0101dhitth\u0101naya desan\u0101ya \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi: m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i, xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>MA.<\/em>&nbsp;i. 24. \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>dhamm\u0101dhitth\u0101nadesan\u0101 (<\/em>l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng thuy\u1ebft theo th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng ng\u00f4i)&nbsp;<em>Adhitth\u0101na&nbsp;<\/em>hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong&nbsp;<em>P.E.D,;&nbsp;<\/em>Xin \u0111\u1ecdc danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref7\">[7]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri\u1ec3n khai trong&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 238, xin tr\u00edch \u2018 V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t sanh v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c, \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 ta c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y n\u1ed5i ph\u00e1t sanh th\u00e2n x\u00e1c\u2019 (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>I 184). C\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c (<em>\u0101h\u0101ra)&nbsp;<\/em>xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;<em>M.A.&nbsp;<\/em>I 207 tt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref8\">[8]<\/a>&nbsp;. C\u1ea3 ti\u1ebfng Ce. Ti\u1ebfng Mi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng sanskrit \u0111\u1ec1u x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>sammattam.&nbsp;<\/em>L\u1eddi \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadp l\u01b0u (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c\u2019 xin \u0111\u1ecdc n. 31 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y) v\u00e0 b\u1eadc A-la-h\u00e1n (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac \u0111au kh\u1ed5\u2019)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref9\">[9]<\/a>&nbsp;. T\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c l\u00e0: \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ef1c th\u00f4 v\u00e0 t\u1ebf; x\u00fac th\u1ef1c; t\u01b0 th\u1ef1c, v\u00e0 th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c (&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>I 48 v\u00e0 261).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref10\">[10]<\/a>&nbsp;. C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu v\u1eafng b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t trong s\u00e1u nh\u00e2n : tham tham, s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, Si m\u00ea (delusion) v\u00f4 tham, v\u00f4 s\u00e2n, v\u00f4 v\u00f4 si.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref11\">[11]<\/a>. \u2018<em>Upac\u0101ra \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>\u1ea9n d\u1ee5\u2019 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong&nbsp;<em>P.E.D,<\/em>Xin \u0111\u1ecdc danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref12\">[12]<\/a>&nbsp;. \u2018<em>Khandhe up\u0101d\u0101ya pa\u00f1\u00f1apetabbato \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n\u2019: \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn&nbsp;<em>up\u0101d\u0101-pa\u00f1\u00f1atti)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra trong t\u1eadp ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1&nbsp;<em>Puggala-pa\u00f1\u00f1atti B\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh pa\u00f1\u00f1atti&nbsp;<\/em>th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh hay \u2018kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m\u2019 tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed1 \u00fd nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref13\">[13]<\/a>&nbsp;. \u0110\u1ecdc l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>seyyath\u0101pi&nbsp;<\/em>thay v\u00ec&nbsp;<em>ses\u0101ni<\/em>&nbsp;trong c\u1ea3 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ce. Ti\u1ebfng Mi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng&nbsp;<em>sanskrit<\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref14\">[14]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Theriya (therik\u0101) \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o\u2019 (c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i Nam T\u00f4ng): kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong&nbsp;<em>P.E.D,;&nbsp;<\/em>Xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ch. v. \u00a7 23 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong l\u1eddi b\u1ea1t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref15\">[15]<\/a>. \u2018C\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018vi\u1ec7c hu\u1edbng theo\u2019 (hay l\u00e0 suy ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 \u2018s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129) l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>namana&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>nati<\/em>&nbsp;\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1eadn s\u1ef1 cu\u1ea3 t\u00e2m \u2018thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 danh\u2019 (b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1) hay nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c r\u00f5 ra\u2019 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh v\u00ec th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m s\u1edf (cetasik<em>\u0101)<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c. Xin c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam \u2018t\u00e2m n\u00e0y tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i\u2019 (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 103-4). C\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u2018c\u00fai xu\u1ed1ng\u2019 \u0111\u00e3 qu\u00e1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng phi \u1ea9n d\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u01a1i c\u00f3 v\u1ebb t\u1ed1i ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref16\">[16]<\/a>&nbsp;. Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>S.<\/em>&nbsp;iii. 86.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref17\">[17]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Sankhy\u0101 \u2013 con s\u1ed1\u2019:&nbsp;<\/em>h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;<em>P.E.D.; vedan\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref18\">[18]<\/a>&nbsp;D\u00f9ng cho \u2018b\u1ed1n tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch\u2019 (<em>patosambhid\u0101) xin&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ecdc Ch. v. \u00a7 38; Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o tr. 440<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref19\">[19]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch Ce, v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1n&nbsp;<em>vy\u0101akatam suvy\u0101akatam eva.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref20\">[20]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Araniiya \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh l\u1ec5\u2019; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;<em>P.E.D.;&nbsp;<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3n danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch. Xin \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam&nbsp;<em>ariiyati&nbsp;<\/em>trong Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o tr. 440 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;<em>P.E.D;&nbsp;<\/em>trong cu\u1ed1n t\u1ef1 di\u1ec3n&nbsp;<em>Trencker Critical Pali Dictionary<\/em>&nbsp;l\u1ea1i ghi l\u00e0 \u2018ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n\u2019)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref21\">[21]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Abhigaman\u012bya-&nbsp;<\/em>ph\u1ea3i l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o\u2019: c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;<em>P.E.D;&nbsp;<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3n danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref22\">[22]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Janaka \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh ra\u2019 (hay l\u00e0 \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi cha\u2019; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;<em>P.E.D;&nbsp;<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong b\u1ea3n danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb kh\u00f3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref23\">[23]<\/a>&nbsp;D\u00f9ng trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>sammasati (\u2018hi\u1ec3u\u2019)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n xin \u0111\u1ecdc td, Vis. Ch. xx. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018ch\u1ebf ng\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019 gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u2018l\u00e0m quen tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi\u2019.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref24\">[24]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ecdc l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>\u0101yatanato thay v\u00ec [\u0101yatanam].&nbsp;<\/em>C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfp theo sau kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch&nbsp;<em>P.E.D.<\/em>:<em>&nbsp;\u0101yatana (\u2018<\/em>k\u00edch ho\u1ea1t, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y\u2019 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i.&nbsp;<em>\u0101yatati (\u2018<\/em>th\u00f4i th\u00fac\u2019)&nbsp;<em>tamana&nbsp;<\/em>(\u2018x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng\u2019); danh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i l\u00e0<em>&nbsp;tanoti \u2018<\/em>d\u00e0nh cho m\u1ed9t th\u1ee9 b\u1eadc.<em>\u2019) \u2018k\u00e9o d\u00e0i ra\u2019;&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong&nbsp;<em>P.E.D. \u0101yatana=base&nbsp;<\/em>n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng.&nbsp;<em>Nayana<\/em>&nbsp;(\u2018d\u1eabn l\u1ea1i\u2019) danh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i&nbsp;<em>neti \u2018d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn\u2019;&nbsp;<\/em>ngh\u0129a \u0111en kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y d\u1ecbch trong&nbsp;<em>P.E.D. ).<\/em>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong danh s\u00e1ch c\u00e1c t\u00f9 kh\u00f3 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Ps.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 21. (<em>\u0101ay\u0101penti \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i\u2019)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref25\">[25]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101natthiti- quan&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1ed9c t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c\u2019 n\u00f3i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hay l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i m\u00e0 t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c (<em>vi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101na)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u00e1i sanh, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ebft, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh phong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng sanh v\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu) xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ch. vii. N. 4) nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng b\u1ed1n c\u00e1ch hay b\u1ea3y c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 228, 253).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref26\">[26]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>\u2018Abhigantabba &#8211;&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019 xin \u0111\u1ecdc s\u1ed1 21<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref27\">[27]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>anupalabbhasabh\u0101vato&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n v\u0103n ti\u1ebfng Ce. Ti\u1ebfng Mi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng Phan thay v\u00ec \u2013<em>sabbh\u0101rato.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref28\">[28]<\/a>. Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>D.<\/em>&nbsp;i. 17 v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 329 t\u1eeb l\u1ea7n ho\u00e1 sanh th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t xu\u1ed1ng cho t\u1edbi c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi quan \u00e2m thi\u00ean (<em>\u0100bhassara) cho&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea1m ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref29\">[29]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc &#8211;<em>dassanam&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ce. Ti\u1ebfng<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref30\">[30]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ba lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ebfn tri (<em>pari\u00f1\u00f1a) xin&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ecdc Vis. tr. 606.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref31\">[31]<\/a>&nbsp;\u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c\u2019 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u01b0\u1eddi chi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u01b0ng ra \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00a7 49 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y (xin c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 200) \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi ch\u00e1nh tr\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh D\u1ecb th\u1ee5c qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref32\">[32]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>vy\u0101katam suvy\u0101akatam&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ce, ti\u1ebfng Mi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfng sanskrit.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref33\">[33]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp theo sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali theo v\u0103n phong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed r\u1eddi r\u1ea1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. Trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u v\u0103n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed kh\u00e1c, danh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb, qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf cho c\u00e1ch ch\u1ea5m c\u00e2u \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00ec t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref34\">[34]<\/a>&nbsp;Kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Subhadda l\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref35\">[35]<\/a>&nbsp;Ch\u00edn n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi, b\u1ed1n thi\u1ec1n v\u00f4 s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n di\u1ec7t (xin \u0111\u1ecdc e.g. M. Sutta 25) S\u00e1u th\u1eafng tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, thi\u00ean nh\u0129 th\u00f4ng. Tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng, t\u00fac m\u1ea1ng minh. Thi\u00ean nh\u00e3n.( trong \u0111\u00f3 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf) v\u00e0 l\u1eadu t\u1eadn minh (thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng si\u00eau th\u1ebf) &#8211; xin \u0111\u1ecdc e.g. M. Sutta 6)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref36\">[36]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ch. vi. Note 25\u00e2<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref37\">[37]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ch. i. n. 8<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref38\">[38]<\/a>&nbsp;B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ceylon v\u00e0 Mi\u1ebfn.&nbsp;<em>Tatha\u0101agatassa c\u016blap\u012btuput\u0101. Tatra.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref39\">[39]<\/a>&nbsp;V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebf Sakka c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. \u2018ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref40\">[40]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ec3 \u2018c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n\u2019 xin \u0111\u1ecdc Vis. Ch. iv. \u00a7\u00a7 45 tt.\/tr. 129. \u0111i\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa l\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u tinh t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00e3 d\u1eabn l\u1ebfn giao \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u1ee5y mi\u00ean n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebfu tinh t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u1ee9c tin v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng. Mindfulness ni\u1ec7m ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. n\u0103m quy\u1ec1n n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ecb kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9ng do c\u00f4 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref41\">[41]<\/a>&nbsp;Kinh Parivara nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed3m t\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u1edf Ceylon sau khi \u0111i\u1ec3m nh\u00e0 vua Asika tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3o qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref42\">[42]<\/a>&nbsp;L\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00fd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho nh\u1eefng kinh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 di\u1ec5n ra sau ng\u00e0y \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp N\u00edp B\u00e0n. Nh\u01b0 kinh M. Sutta 124 ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref43\">[43]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Avadh\u0101arana \u2013 ghi nh\u1edb\u2019 :<\/em>&nbsp;ngh\u0129a \u0111en \u2018 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3\u2019; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref44\">[44]<\/a>&nbsp;Hay \u2018v\u00e2ng\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref45\">[45]<\/a>&nbsp;C\u00f3 hai khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng (<em>ajjhasaya)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong VisA 112 (&nbsp;<em>vipan- v\u00e0 Sampann-)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 s\u00e1u lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong Vis. tr. 116; c\u00f3 ba lo\u1ea1i \u2018th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng\u2019&nbsp;<em>(patihariya)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra trong A. I. 170.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref46\">[46]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Vissuta-kilinna\u2019 (<\/em>trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m MA. i. 4) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a \u2018<em>khy\u0101ta-r\u0101g\u0101bhivbh\u016bta.\u2019 \u2018Khy\u0101ta-&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u1eebng danh\u2019 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref47\">[47]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>\u2018Muta-<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0\u2019: t\u1eeb n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb s\u00fac t\u00edch \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 ba quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u0169i, l\u01b0\u1ee1i, th\u00e2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ed9p chung l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t. Ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u00fd quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh \u2018nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a xa l\u1ea1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e3n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u0129 quy\u1ec1n.\u2019 xem ra kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00ec th\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft s\u1ef1 hung t\u1ee3n (xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong d\u1ee5 ng\u00f4n \u201c C\u00e1i \u0111e v\u00e0 t\u1ea5m v\u1ea3i b\u00f4ng len.\u2019 Trong t\u1eadp&nbsp;<em>DhsA. 263).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref48\">[48]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Vithi =(<\/em>vi\u1ebft nguy\u00ean ch\u1eef l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>citta-vithi) \u2013<\/em>&nbsp;\u2018nh\u1eefng qui tr\u00ecnh t\u00e2m\u2019 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean moan, d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t qui tr\u00ecnh \u2018t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n.\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n ra n\u01a1i nh\u00e3n th\u1ee9c; xin \u0111\u1ecdc e.g.&nbsp;<em>Vis.&nbsp;<\/em>Ch. I, \u00a757\u2019tr. 21. kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi ch\u1ee9a trong T\u1ea1ng Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p (Abhidamma Pitaka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref49\">[49]<\/a>&nbsp;T\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>kattu (<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u2018nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1\u2019 hay \u2018t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n\u2019 trong ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb\u2019 n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf nay, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong kho\u1ea3n ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref50\">[50]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2019Th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1\u2019 h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng h\u01a1n ch\u1eef&nbsp;<em>vijjam\u0101m\u0101 (<\/em>ngh\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u2018\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, \u2018 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn\u2019) h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u2018\u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i;, th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>hoti v\u00e0 atthi&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c, xin \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 s\u00e1u c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 \u2018ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2019 (<em>pa\u00f1\u00f1ati)&nbsp;<\/em>trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;<em>PugA. Danh ch\u01a1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>vijjam\u0101n\u0101pa\u00f1\u00f1atti)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu, \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u2013 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2013 th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 C\u00e1c U\u1ea9n (<em>sankhata)&nbsp;<\/em>v.v\u2026\u2019phi danh ch\u01a1n ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecbnh\u2019 (<em>avijjam\u0101na-pa\u00f1\u00f1atti)&nbsp;<\/em>\u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111i\u1ec1u v\u00ec \u2018phi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf\u2019 ch\u1ec9 theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. \u2018t\u1eeb ph\u00e1t sanh\u2019 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u2018s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n\u2019 c\u00e1c v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u01b0 \u2018b\u00e0n tay, \u2018\u0111\u00e0n b\u00e0\u2019 \u2018\u0111\u00e0n \u00f4ng\u2019 \u2018con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019 \u2018h\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng\u2019 v.v\u2026\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u2018d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c (<em>na upalabhati).<\/em>t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn sau n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng (<em>voh\u0101ra)&nbsp;<\/em>hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng theo \u2018quy \u01b0\u1edbc\u2019 (<em>sammuti)&nbsp;<\/em>ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u2018\u00fd ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i\u2019 (<em>paramattha).&nbsp;<\/em>C\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 N\u00edp b\u00e0n. C\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 c\u0169ng vi\u1ebft l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>vijjam\u0101na-pa\u00f1\u00f1ati,&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>h\u1eefu vi (sankhata)-&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf tr\u00ean nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f4 vi \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u2018c\u00e1ch m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n ch\u00eam v\u00e0o\u2019 (<em>upanidh\u0101a-pa\u00f1\u00f1ati),&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u00ean nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m: v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 \u2018dai\u2019 \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i \u2018ng\u1eafn\u2019 \u2018nghe\u2019 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi \u2018th\u1ea5y\u2019, v.v..\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref51\">[51]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc 4 \u2018<em>An Ph\u01b0\u1edbc\u2019 (cakka)&nbsp;<\/em>trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;<em>A.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 32.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref52\">[52]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 6 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>savanapayoyena&nbsp;<\/em>thay v\u00ec \u2013<em>yogena&nbsp;<\/em>ta th\u1ea5y ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref53\">[53]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Payoga&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>\u0101asaya&nbsp;<\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u2018ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n\u2019 hay \u2018m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u2019 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef ti\u1ebfng Anh \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch\u2019. H\u01a1n k\u00e9m l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref54\">[54]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Vyatti-&nbsp;<\/em>ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng; kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh tuy nhi\u00ean xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>vyatta;&nbsp;<\/em>trong ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>\u0101gama<\/em>&nbsp;l\u00e0<em>\u2018Kinh<\/em>\u201d c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t xu\u1ed1ng [cho ch\u00fang sanh] l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>adhigama (ngh<\/em>\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u2018\u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c\u2019) do \u2018m\u00f4 t\u1ea3\u2019 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb trong v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh. Hai t\u1eeb =&nbsp;<em>pariyattidhamma&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>lokuttaradhamma.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref55\">[55]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>I. 213; iii. 115 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n tu\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref56\">[56]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>MAA.&nbsp;<\/em>Ch\u00fa th\u00edch t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>appeti&nbsp;<\/em>trong m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n song song v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1ea1i ghi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>nidassati (\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang t\u1ecf) Saddhamma,&nbsp;<\/em>\u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u2018Di\u1ec7u ph\u00e1p\u2019 xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>sant+dhamma (Ch\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p)&nbsp;<\/em>ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>saddahati (\u2018<\/em>\u0111\u1eb7t ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0o\u2026\u2019) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref57\">[57]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Samaya \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u2019: danh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i&nbsp;<em>sameti (<\/em>\u0111i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi :ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u1eef&nbsp;<em>sam +g\u1ed1c)<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref58\">[58]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>M\u0101na-&nbsp;<\/em>t\u00ednh ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n\u2019: danh t\u1ef1, li\u00ean k\u1ebft ng\u1eef ngh\u0129a h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi, n\u1ebfu trong tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb,&nbsp;<em>ma\u00f1\u00f1ati&nbsp;<\/em>(suyngh\u0129, nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai \u2013 xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>e.g. M. sutta 1&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 140 v\u00e0 t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>asmi-m\u0101na. M\u0101n\u0101nusya, v.v\u2026)&nbsp;<\/em>ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 asmi-mana (t\u00ednh ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n) v\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady mang m\u1ed9t \u00fd ngh\u0129a si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. T\u1eeb \u2018ki\u00eau h\u00e3nh\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>atim\u0101n\u0101,&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref59\">[59]<\/a>&nbsp;.&nbsp;<em>Adhikarana \u2013 \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ee9a\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh; xin \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c. C\u00f3 ba v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh ph\u00e1p c\u00fa v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u2018c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i\u2019 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea1ch r\u00f2i nh\u01b0 sau: (1) v\u1edbi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ban b\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y \u2013 v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh Lu\u1eadt. (2) v\u00e0o k\u1ec7i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Savatthi \u2013 v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh Kinh (3) v\u1ea3o k\u1ec7i \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea9y ra \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ecd \u2013 v\u0103n c\u1ea3nh Abhidhamma v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Kinh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref60\">[60]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Bh\u0101vena bhavalakkhanattha \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t<em>&nbsp;danh&nbsp;<\/em>t\u1eeb n\u00e0y nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c.\u2019: xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ch. ix, \u00a728, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng xin \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam&nbsp;<em>DhsA.&nbsp;<\/em>61. xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>P\u0101nini.&nbsp;<\/em>II, 3. 18 v\u00e0 23; II 3,5. xin c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ecdc Ch. vi.n. 28.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref61\">[61]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u chi ti\u1ebft trong&nbsp;<em>DhsA.&nbsp;<\/em>61.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref62\">[62]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Accanta-samyoga \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>quy\u1ec1n cai tr\u1ecb tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp\u2019: m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh, xin \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c. Th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ec7i gian li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n . xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>P\u0101nini,&nbsp;<\/em>li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n n. 31. V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch theo ki\u1ec3u v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u2018V\u00e0o m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbp no, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i Savatthi, trong c\u00e1nh r\u1eebng Jeta\u2026<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref63\">[63]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>\u0101vatthika \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>\u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t giai \u0111o\u1ea1n trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng \u2018kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3m Pali-Anh; \u00fd ngh\u0129a ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh d\u00e0nh cho t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>lingika&nbsp;<\/em>(\u2018\u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2019kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 n\u00e0y.;&nbsp;<em>nemittika (\u2018l\u1ea1i \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2019) c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh. Theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y. xin \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c cho m\u1ed7i t\u1eeb.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref64\">[64]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>samvacchara = c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018n\u0103m\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref65\">[65]<\/a>&nbsp;Truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng k\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o&nbsp;<em>S\u0101riputta&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 cu\u1ed1n&nbsp;<em>Pati-sambhid\u0101magga<\/em>&nbsp;. B\u1ea3n v\u0103n&nbsp;<em>Ps. (Ps. I 174)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>buddha&nbsp;<\/em>thay cho t\u1eeb \u2018<em>bhayav\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;<em>N\u012bddesa.&nbsp;<\/em>T\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>sacchita<\/em>&nbsp;(\u2018hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c \u2018, xin \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>sacchikarati \u2018<\/em>th\u1ef1c ch\u1ee9ng\u2019) kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref66\">[66]<\/a>&nbsp;Xem c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n Niddesa xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ppn. Ch. vii. n. 24<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref67\">[67]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Vis.(<\/em>tr. 210) c\u00f3 ghi&nbsp;<em>vannapariy\u0101ya (m<\/em>\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ea7n) trong \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i ghi l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>vannpavk\u0101ralogo (\u2018thay&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc l\u01b0\u1edbt v\u1ea7n) xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>K\u0101sik\u0101 6, 3, 109.&nbsp;<\/em>v\u1ea7n&nbsp;<em>vanna&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh. C\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ebd th\u00edch h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n so c\u1edbi c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch trong Ppn.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref68\">[68]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>P\u0101nini, Ganap\u0101tha 6, 3, 109.&nbsp;<\/em>T\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>Pisodara (b\u1ee5ng to c\u00f3 v\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed1m)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>pasata (<\/em>ti\u1ebfng sanskrit&nbsp;<em>pr\u1e63at) + udara (ti\u1ebfng sanskrit<\/em>&nbsp;l\u00e0 t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>udara)&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch c\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb ti\u1ebfng sanskrit trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ch. ix. n. 40.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref69\">[69]<\/a>&nbsp;M\u01b0\u1eddi To\u00e0n Thi\u1ec7n (Ba-la-m\u1eadt) \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, xu\u1ea5t ly (t\u1eeb b\u1ecf), tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, tinh t\u1ea5n, nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i, ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00e2m t\u1eeb v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. Ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong Kinh T\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref70\">[70]<\/a>&nbsp;C\u1eb7p t\u1eeb \u2018 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 th\u00f9\u2019 xu\u1ed1ng cho t\u1edbi c\u1eb7p t\u1eeb \u2018ki\u00eau m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfng nh\u00e1c\u2019 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong&nbsp;<em>e.g. M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 36. c\u00f3 ba \u2018c\u0103n\u2019 l\u00e0 tham d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n, v\u00e0 si. (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 214). Ba lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh\u2019: th\u00e2n t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh, kh<em>\u1ea9<\/em>u t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh, v\u00e0 \u00fd t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh (<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 75) ba l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c\u2019: t\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh, tham \u00e1i, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn (<em>Vis.&nbsp;<\/em>Ch. i \u00a7\u00a79, 13\/tr. 4,5) \u2018Ba nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c sai l\u1ec7ch\u2019: c\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn tham d\u1ee5c, s\u00e2n v\u00e0 si. (<em>Vbh. 368).&nbsp;<\/em>Ba t\u01b0\u1edfng (suy t\u01b0)\u2019: nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eafc d\u1ee5c, \u00e1c \u00fd, v\u00e0 t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o. (<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>I 114) Ba \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111a d\u1ea1ng\u2019: nh\u1eefng g\u00ec thu\u1ed9c th\u00e8m kh\u00e1t, thu\u1ed9c t\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 v\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m (<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>25) \u20184 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh \u0111i\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o\u2019: cho l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3 v\u00e0 t\u1ecbnh trong th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. (<em>Vbh.<\/em>&nbsp;376). \u2018b\u1ed1n l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c: v.v\u2026 xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Vis.&nbsp;<\/em>Ch. xxii \u00a7\u00a747 tt\/ tr. 682 tt., \u2018n\u0103m t\u00e2m hoang vu\u2019 v\u00e0 \u2018ki\u1ebft s\u1eed \u2019(<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 101) \u2018n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i th\u00edch th\u00fa (v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n): m\u00ea m\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ng\u0169 u\u1ea9n, (<em>Vis.&nbsp;<\/em>Ch. xvi \u00a793\/tr.514) \u2018s\u00e1u c\u0103n b\u1ea5t ho\u00e0\u2019: t\u1ee9c gi\u1eadn, coi th\u01b0\u1eddng, ghen tu\u00f4ng, gian tr\u00e1, \u1ee9\u01a1c ao \u0111\u1ed9c \u00e1c, ngoan c\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. (<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>I 12 tt, : M. sutta 102) 108 \u00e1i d\u1ee5c\u2019&nbsp;<em>(Vbh.&nbsp;<\/em>400) nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc trong danh m\u1ee5c c\u00e1c t\u1eeb hay t\u00ean ri\u00eang ho\u1eb7c trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref71\">[71]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ch. iv. note 21 v\u00e0 26<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref72\">[72]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Yogabh\u0101\u1e63ya 3. 45.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref73\">[73]<\/a>&nbsp;Thi\u00ean tr\u00fa\u2019= l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n Jhana \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1edd Bi\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 (\u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c thi\u1ec1n Kasina) ph\u1ea1m tr\u00fa l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m.\u2019 v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb, bi, h\u1ef7, (tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c) v\u00e0 x\u1ea3. \u2018th\u00e1nh tr\u00fa\u2019 =ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc ch\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref74\">[74]<\/a>&nbsp;Ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: t\u0129nh m\u1ecbch, thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t (n\u00edp b\u00e0n)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref75\">[75]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Mehana&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1ee5 di\u1ec3n Pali-Anh. Xin \u0111\u1ecdc ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref76\">[76]<\/a>&nbsp;T\u1eeb Pali \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i.&nbsp;<em>Magari&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ee9ng thay cho trung t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng,&nbsp;<em>magaram,&nbsp;<\/em>t\u00ean ri\u00eang Savatthi l\u1ea1i \u1edf gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref77\">[77]<\/a>&nbsp;T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh ch\u1ec9 ghi \u2018ch\u1ea1c c\u00e2y\u2019 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>vitapa v\u00e0 vitabhi (<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>M.<\/em>&nbsp;306) nh\u01b0ng&nbsp;<em>MA, (<\/em>&nbsp;ii. 372) l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>vilapi&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u2018c\u00e1i tr\u01b0\u1edbng\u2019 hay l\u00e0 \u2018chi\u1ebfc d\u00f9, chi\u00eac l\u1ecdng\u2019&nbsp;<em>(chattakarena)&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111o\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o&nbsp;<em>M.<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 c\u0169ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>vana<\/em>&nbsp;(g\u1ed7, r\u1eebng)&nbsp;<em>va vana<\/em>&nbsp;(mu\u1ed1n- hay&nbsp;<em>v\u0101na<\/em>) xin \u0111\u1ecdc Dh.&nbsp;<em>283&nbsp;<\/em>\u2018<em>Chetv\u0101 vana\u00f1 va vanatha\u00f1 ca nibb\u0101n\u0101 (= nir + v\u0101na) hotha bhikkhavo<\/em>\u2019; v\u00e0 xin \u0111\u1ecdc Thanh T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o. 293 (<em>&nbsp;Ppn. 319, note 72), xin \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam \u00a7\u00a7 176, 180.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref78\">[78]<\/a><em>&nbsp;<\/em>\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef&nbsp;<em>d\u012btth\u0101anuati-agajjana&nbsp;<\/em>(\u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 cho ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn)&nbsp;<em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<\/em>MA.&nbsp;<em>i. 111.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref79\">[79]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Abhik\u0101ra \u2013<\/em>&nbsp;ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1\u2019: \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.&nbsp;<em>Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<\/em>b\u1ea3n danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u00ednh k\u00e8m \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref80\">[80]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>ii, 124.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref81\">[81]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Pabban\u012bya \u2013 ng\u00e0y gi\u1eefa n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u.\u2019 :&nbsp;<\/em>t\u1eeb n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi ng\u1edd g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Xin \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u00edch \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y n\u01a1i&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 20, tuy nhi\u00ean ta l\u1ea1i th\u1ea5y ghi l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>abhi\u00f1\u00f1\u0101ta&nbsp;<\/em>thay cho t\u1eeb<em>&nbsp;abhikkanta.&nbsp;<\/em>Ghi ch\u00fa. \u00dd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch tr\u00edch t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>Pabban\u012bya&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;<em>MA.<\/em>&nbsp;ii. 124.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref82\">[82]<\/a>&nbsp;Ng\u00e0y \u201cm\u1ed3ng t\u00e1m\u2019 t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m sau ho\u1eb7c tru\u1edbc ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m. M\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u sau ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 v\u00e0o l\u00fac s\u00e1ng s\u1edbm thay v\u00ec v\u00e0o l\u00fac n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam, trong m\u1ed7i th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a h\u00e8&nbsp;<em>Gimb\u0101na, m\u00f9a m\u01b0a (Vass\u0101na)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng&nbsp;<em>(Hemanta)&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m sau ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 3 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 7 \u0111\u1ec1u r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 14 (th\u00e1ng thi\u1ebfu) sau ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m (n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1i, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c r\u01a1i v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 15 (th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ee7). \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng b\u1ea5t qui t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng \u00e2m l\u1ecbch v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 sau (b\u1ed1n) n\u0103m l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u2018th\u00e1ng d\u00f4i ra\u2019 (th\u00e1ng nhu\u1eadn) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e8m v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng gi\u1eefa m\u00f9a h\u00e8 v\u00e0 m\u00f9a m\u01b0a.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref83\">[83]<\/a>&nbsp;T\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>kevali&nbsp;<\/em>h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ea1i kh\u00e1i b\u1eb1ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00e0 th\u00f4i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref84\">[84]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Lesa&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf, ph\u00e2n chia ra\u2019 nh\u01b0 th\u1ea5y ghi trong MA. ii. 126 (<em>MAA, th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111o\u1ea1n leso ti apadeso\u2019)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00e0 trong&nbsp;<em>VisA.&nbsp;<\/em>828. 828. \u00dd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref85\">[85]<\/a>&nbsp;.&nbsp;<em>Upasankamitv\u0101. (\u0111ang ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n)&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y h\u1eb3n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u2026.\u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ebfn g\u1eb7p \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 sau khi \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ednh l\u1ec5 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111o\u1ea1n h\u1ecd ti\u1ebfn l\u1ea1i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1eb7p ng\u00e0i\u2026\u2019<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref86\">[86]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Ti\u1ebfng Ceylon \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u00e0 bh\u0101sam\u0101mas\u0101kunam thay cho t\u1eeb bh\u0101asasakunam<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref87\">[87]<\/a>&nbsp;Nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb t\u00ean ri\u00eang n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u2018\u0111\u00e1ng ao \u01b0\u1edbc\u2019 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u2018may m\u1eafn,<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref88\">[88]<\/a>&nbsp;T\u1eeb \u2018sa b\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u2019 (world-system) \u201c\u0111\u1ea1i thi\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi (<em>cakkavala)&nbsp;<\/em>h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u00e0i ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m tr\u1ea7n t\u1ee5c\u2019 n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng ph\u1eb3ng, c\u00f3 n\u00fai Sineru- Tu di, bao b\u1ecdc b\u1edfi b\u1ea3y r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai . \u01a0 gi\u1eefa b\u1ed1n ph\u1ea7n t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng bao quanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ed1n ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c\u2019; \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i l\u1ee5c \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u l\u1ee5c n\u00e0y. To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai bao quanh. m\u1eb7t tr\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi quay quanh d\u1eaby n\u00fai Sineru, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ec9nh cao c\u1ee7a r\u1eb7ng n\u00fai n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi. \u2018H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ea7n gian\u2019 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng con s\u1ed1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i tr\u00ean b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u2018nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc t\u00f4\u2019 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t kho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111en t\u1ed1i h\u00ecnh tam gi\u00e1c n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfc t\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3. (xin \u0111\u1ecdc Ppn. Ch. vii. note 14). Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ee1 nu\u1edbc l\u1ea1i n\u1eb1m l\u01a1 l\u1eedng trong kh\u00f4ng gian (kh\u00ed). (xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>D.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 107) \u2013 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng theo qui \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ef1\u01a1c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u01a1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u00ean c\u1edf s\u1edf \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch c\u0103n b\u1ea3n. Nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng \u1edf nh\u1eefng Upanishads nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u00f2n xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea3 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ec3u l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba n\u1eefa.). kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong Kinh nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong c\u00e1c t\u1eadp ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ghi trong suy ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eadn.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref89\">[89]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>e.g. M.&nbsp;<\/em>Sutta 129.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref90\">[90]<\/a>&nbsp;\u201cT\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u201d&nbsp;<em>(suddh\u0101v\u0101s\u0101) ch\u00ednh<\/em>&nbsp;l\u00e0 n\u0103m t\u1ea7ng tr\u1eddi cao nh\u1ea5t n\u01a1i c\u00f5i Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean S\u1eafc Gi\u1edbi (<em>r\u016bpa-brahmaloka)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho c\u00e1c V\u1ecb B\u1ea5t Lai (<em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc VbhA. 521)&nbsp;<\/em>v\u00ec sinh m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u to l\u1edbn. c\u00e1c v\u1ecb n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u01b0 tr\u00fa \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb ph\u1eadt. Cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1i sanh b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u201cc\u00f5i t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3\u2019 v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng. \u2018h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u2018vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m\u2019 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u00fang sanh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u2018th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng \u2018n\u01a1i t\u1ecbnh c\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3\u2019 mi\u1ec5n sao h\u1ecd ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ec1n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref91\">[91]<\/a>. Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>MA ,<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref92\">[92]<\/a>. V\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh ng\u1eef n\u00e0y xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>e.g. M.&nbsp;<\/em>sutta 13<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref93\">[93]<\/a>. \u2018<em>Deva\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng khi n\u00f3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref94\">[94]<\/a>&nbsp;Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n th\u1ee9 hai n\u01a1i t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>manussa&nbsp;<\/em>th\u1ea5y trong&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 37. c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong&nbsp;<em>e.g. manuja&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ghi trong&nbsp;<em>Sn.&nbsp;<\/em>458.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref95\">[95]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Vis. (tr. 310)&nbsp;<\/em>trong \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>puggala<\/em>&nbsp;(\u2018con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb ch\u1eef&nbsp;<em>pum galati ( r\u01a1i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c.)&nbsp;<\/em>\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y t\u1eeb \u2018<em>mam\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>trong \u0111o\u1ea1n&nbsp;<em>mam. Galanti&nbsp;<\/em>h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb \u2018pum\u2019;&nbsp;<em>t\u1eeb mam.&nbsp;<\/em>Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref96\">[96]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Ananti \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u00fang c\u00f2n k\u1ec7\u2019 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3m Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref97\">[97]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Pan\u1e0dati \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta\u2019&nbsp;<em>(c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0,&nbsp;<\/em>s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ebfn tai kh\u00e9o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.\u2019 c\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 kh\u00f4n ngoan\u2019) Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref98\">[98]<\/a>&nbsp;C\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i chuy\u00ean moan, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u1ed7 m\u00e1y ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref99\">[99]<\/a>&nbsp;C\u00e1c t\u1eeb tham kh\u1ea3o l\u00e0:&nbsp;<em>Sunetta (A. iv. 104), Mah\u0101 Govinda (\u1e0c sutta 19) Vidhura (J\u0101. vi. 255) Sarabhanga (J\u0101. v. 141), Mahosadha (J\u0101. vi. 329), Sutasoma ( j\u0101. v. 177, 456). King Nimi (M sutta 83), Prince Ayoghara (j\u0101. iv. 490), Akittipan\u1e0dita (J\u0101, iv. 240).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref100\">[100]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Surabhi \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>h\u01b0\u01a1ng k\u1ec7m\u2019 : kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref101\">[101]<\/a>&nbsp;C\u00e1c t\u1eeb tham kh\u1ea3o theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau:&nbsp;<em>DhA.&nbsp;<\/em>Ii. 40-7 v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>VvA.&nbsp;<\/em>165-9.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref102\">[102]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Kut\u0101g\u0101ra \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>ki\u1ec7u c\u00e1ng\u2019: \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y ta hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a \u2018c\u00e1ng t\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2019 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh. T\u1eeb n\u00e0y, ngo\u00e0i \u00fd ngh\u0129a T\u1ea1ng Kinh l\u00e0 \u201cph\u00f2ng tr\u00ean\u201d v.v\u2026 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hay ngh\u0129a ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, (1) \u2018c\u00e1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang di chuy\u1ec3n\u2019hay \u2018c\u00e1ng t\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2019 (\u00fd ngh\u0129a tham kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>v. 90) v\u00e0 (2) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t Linh C\u1eefu hay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7u khi\u00eang quan t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 khi\u00eang m\u1ed9t x\u00e1c ch\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 ho\u1ea3 thi\u00eau (ti\u1ebfng Shinhale l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>ransivige)&nbsp;<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>AA ad A.&nbsp;<\/em>Tikanipata, Sutta 42 v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>DhA.<\/em>&nbsp;iii. 470)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref103\">[103]<\/a>&nbsp;Gi\u1edbi b\u00e1t quan trai (Upasatha) hay l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y trai gi\u1edbi\u2019 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam gi\u1eef . Nh\u01b0, t\u00e1m gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ee5ng kinh Gi\u1edbi b\u1ea3n hay Gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt . Ng\u00e0y n\u00e0y r\u01a1i v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng b\u00e1n nguy\u1ec7t. Nh\u1eefng \u201c chi ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ( xin \u0111\u1ecdc Vis. Ch. i. \u00a740\/;tr. 15). D\u00e0nh cho \u2018ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh thu\u1ed9c b\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c thanh t\u1ea9y\u2019 xin \u0111\u1ecdc Vis. Ch. i. \u00a7\u00a7 42 tt\/ tr. 15 tt)<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref104\">[104]<\/a>&nbsp;\u00dd ngh\u0129a c\u00e1c t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>s\u0101ma\u00f1\u00f1a v<\/em>\u00e0&nbsp;<em>brama\u00f1\u00f1a&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 sau \u2018ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau qu\u00ed c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Sa-m\u00f4n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u00eau m\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean\u201d kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.\u2019 Nh\u01b0ng xin tra t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>metteyya&nbsp;<\/em>trong \u0111\u00f3. V\u0103n c\u1ea3nh l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hi\u1ec3u theo nh\u1eefng \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref105\">[105]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sugati \u2013 n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac\u2019&nbsp;<\/em>m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb d\u00e0nh cho to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eabn c\u00e1c Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean. Cho d\u00f9 thu\u1ed9c s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi hay v\u00f4 s\u1eafc gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref106\">[106]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Attabh\u0101va \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n\u2019: m\u1ed9t t\u1eeb chung d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi (ch\u00fang sanh) \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3 s\u1eafc l\u1eabn danh hay \u2018c\u00e1 t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3\u2019.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref107\">[107]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Niyu\u00f1jana-&nbsp;<\/em>nh\u1eafc nh\u1edb\u2019 : kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref108\">[108]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018B\u1ed1n h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u2019 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u, c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u ni. C\u00e1c c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 nam v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u1eadn s\u1ef1 n\u1eef.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref109\">[109]<\/a>&nbsp;Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u2018Ph\u00e9p l\u1ea1 k\u00e9p song th\u00f4ng\u2019 (<em>yamakap\u0101tih\u0101riya)&nbsp;<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Ps.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 125-6 (ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 trong tham kh\u1ea3o T\u1ea1ng Kinh m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, tuy nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0 k\u1ec7i gian trong \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>e.g. DhA,&nbsp;<\/em>iii, 206&nbsp;<em>J\u0101A , iv. 264.&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1 sanh xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean\u2019 (<em>devorohana)&nbsp;<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>Vis.&nbsp;<\/em>ch. xii \u00a7\u00a7 78tt\/\u2019tr. 392tt.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref110\">[110]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt&nbsp;<em>Vin.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 197;&nbsp;<em>DA.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 173;&nbsp;<em>J\u0101A , i. 49.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref111\">[111]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc note 40 \u1edf tr\u00ean<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref112\">[112]<\/a>&nbsp;\u2018<em>Samvannita \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>theo chi ti\u1ebft\u2019 :kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-anh.; xin \u0111\u1ecdc B\u1ea3n Danh T\u1ef1 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref113\">[113]<\/a>&nbsp;.\u201dB\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ed9i\u201d l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong Lu\u1eadt ( Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ph\u1ea7n), c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 4 B\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng tr\u1ee5 (par<em>\u0101<\/em>jika), 13 T\u0103ng t\u00e0n (sangh<em>\u0101<\/em>dise) , \u01afng \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb (<em>P\u0101cittiya),&nbsp;<\/em>k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u01b0ng x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed1i tr\u1ecb (<em>p\u0101cittya),<\/em>&nbsp;\u01afng Ph\u00e1t l\u1ed9 (<em>P\u0101tidesam\u012bya)<\/em>, T\u00e1c \u00e1c (<em>Dukkata)&nbsp;<\/em>, Tr\u1ecdng t\u1ed9i (<em>Thullaccaya)<\/em>&nbsp;v\u00e0 \u00e1c kh\u1ea9u (<em>Dubbh\u0101sita).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref114\">[114]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>Dhamma v\u00e0 attha&nbsp;<\/em>h\u00e3y so s\u00e1nh \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n&nbsp;<em>so tasmim dhamme atthapatisamved\u012b ca goti dhammapatisamvedi ca (*&nbsp;<\/em>do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00f3.) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y v\u1edbi t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>labhati atthaselam. Labbati dhammavedam labbhati dhamm\u016bpasamhitam p\u0101mujjam (\u2018n<\/em>g\u00e0i c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd ngh\u0129a, c\u1ea3m nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1p. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hoan h\u1ef7 n\u01a1i ph\u00e1p.)&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 37) ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi&nbsp;<em>dhamma (<\/em>s\u1ed1 \u00edt c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd, ph\u00e1p. ) t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>Dhamm\u0101 (<\/em>\u1edf s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1p nh\u1eefng suy ngh\u0129, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0, b\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea1o. v.v\u2026 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3ng trong ph\u00e1p) xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>e.g. M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 320. c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng 10-15.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref115\">[115]<\/a>&nbsp;T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5y b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n&nbsp;<em>\u0101rati virati (<\/em>ch\u00f9n b\u01b0\u1edbc, ki\u00eang c\u1eed) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i b\u1ecf qua c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch tham kh\u1ea3o n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>iii. 74.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>\u2018\u0100ramana \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>h\u00e0nh vi co d\u00fam l\u1ea1i\u2019: kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi l\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref116\">[116]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sampattavirati \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>ki\u00eang c\u1eef theo t\u1ee5c l\u1ec7: hi\u1ec3u theo ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ghi trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh. C\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch mang t\u00ednh v\u0103n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u2018vi\u1ec7c ki\u00eang c\u1eef nh\u1eefng g\u00ec g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i\u2019; xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 203.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref117\">[117]<\/a>&nbsp;Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a cu\u1ea3 t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>olinavutit\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>xin \u0111\u1ecdc \u00fd ngh\u0129a li\u00ean quan trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;<em>VbhA.,&nbsp;<\/em>c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m&nbsp;<em>MA.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 234; \u2018<em>Olinavuttiko ca hoti ti h\u012bmajjh\u0101sayo hoti\u2019.&nbsp;<\/em>T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref118\">[118]<\/a>&nbsp;M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u1ea1i Ceylon.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref119\">[119]<\/a>&nbsp;M\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn t\u1eeb B\u01a1 \u0111\u1eb7c, b\u01a1 trong, m\u1eadt ong, v\u00e0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref120\">[120]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Sovacassat\u0101 ( ngh<\/em>\u0129a \u0111en l\u00e0 \u2018\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng n\u00f3i v\u1ec1\u2019) v\u00e0 tr\u00e1i ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>dovacassat\u0101&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 trong&nbsp;<em>Dhs.&nbsp;<\/em>1325 v\u00e0 1327; \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a th\u1ea5y trong&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 95. c\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cn\u00f3i t\u1ed1t\u201d hay \u2018n\u00f3i x\u1ea5u\u2019 v\u1edbi hai t\u1eeb n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref121\">[121]<\/a>&nbsp;T\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>Khanti (<\/em>dt. Gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e1i, \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ef1&nbsp;<em>khamati)&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai \u00fd ngh\u0129a ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c nhau r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: (1) \u2018nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i\u2019 (=<em>adhiv\u0101asana \u2018<\/em>ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng\u201d), xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong&nbsp;<em>e.g. Dh.&nbsp;<\/em>184. v\u00e0 (2) \u2018\u01b0a th\u00edch h\u01a1n\u2019(=&nbsp;<em>ruci \u2018<\/em>th\u00edch\u2019 ) xin \u0111\u1ecdc trong&nbsp;<em>e.g. M.&nbsp;<\/em>ii. 170. T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra ngh\u0129a th\u1ee9 hai n\u00e0y ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb khi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>nijjh\u0101nam khamati.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref122\">[122]<\/a>&nbsp;M\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i trong&nbsp;<em>VbhA.&nbsp;<\/em>340 \u2018b\u1ea1n thu\u1ed9c d\u1ea1ng tr\u1ed9m c\u01b0\u1edbp, l\u1eeba g\u1ea1t, ngu \u0111\u1ea7n, l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00e0. B\u00f2, la, c\u00e1c anh \u0111ang trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n, c\u00e1c anh \u0111\u00e1ng \u00e1n ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c c\u00e1c anh thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng s\u00fac sanh, ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh hay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ed5 c\u1ea3nh d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3.\u2019 hay n\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng do g\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh, t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i, d\u00f2ng gi\u1ed1ng. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ec7nh t\u1eadt, gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh, l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c v\u00e0 vi ph\u1ea1m Lu\u1eadt( xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>e.g. Sumangalappas\u0101dini ad khuddasikkh\u0101 129).<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref123\">[123]<\/a>&nbsp;B\u00e0 Rhys Davids l\u1ea1i d\u1ecbch kh\u00e1c (theo Kindred Sayings) nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ph\u00eda ng\u01b0\u1eddi y\u1ebfu.\u2019t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi danh c\u00e1ch trong \u0111o\u1ea1n&nbsp;<em>niccam khamati dubbalo?&nbsp;<\/em>V\u1edbi c\u00e2u \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 lu\u00f4n t\u1ecf ra ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, m\u1ed9t khi y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n.\u2019 C\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft h\u01a1n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t n\u01a1i k\u1ebb y\u1ebfu. Nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1ecf ra l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t mang t\u00ednh c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u1ebb h\u01a1n. C\u00e2u k\u1ec7 n\u00e0y xem ra h\u01a1i kh\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref124\">[124]<\/a>&nbsp;xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>S.&nbsp;<\/em>iv. 111 v\u00e0&nbsp;<em>Netti (<\/em>tr. 91):&nbsp;<em>So hoti bhikkhu bh\u0101vitak\u0101yo bh\u0101vitasilo bh\u0101vitacitto bh\u0101vitapa\u00f1\u00f1o.<\/em>&nbsp;Netti ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i nh\u01b0 sau: \u2018Khi th\u00e2n x\u00e1c tu t\u1eadp m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. C\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n. Khi ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea1nh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng. Khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m khi tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tu t\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n: l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 hai ph\u00e1p xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n: ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy. B\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch ti\u1ebfng Ceylon v\u1ec1&nbsp;<em>bh\u0101vit\u0101k\u0101yavac\u012b-cittapa\u00f1\u00f1\u0101nam c<\/em>\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sai.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref125\">[125]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Pa\u00f1capatittha \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>C\u00e1c ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Ceylong \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn n\u0103m c\u00e1ch k\u00ednh l\u1ec5\u2019 nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ee5c xu\u1ed1ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau: \u0111\u1ea7u, tay (kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi th\u1eaft l\u01b0ng nh\u01b0 ta th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn trong T\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh.,) khu\u1ef7u tay, \u0111\u1ea7u g\u1ed1i, v\u00e0 c\u1eb3ng ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref126\">[126]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Dosa \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>t\u00ednh h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t\u2019: Trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y.; xin \u0111\u1ecdc B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb v\u1ef1ng \u1edf cu\u1ed1i s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref127\">[127]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Padose \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>n\u01a1i b\u1ee5i b\u1ea9n\u2019: Trong t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali-Anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y; nh\u01b0ng xin tra t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>dos\u0101= \u2018bu\u1ed5i t\u1ed1i\u2019<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref128\">[128]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Vyatti \u2013&nbsp;<\/em>n\u00e9t kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t\u2019 xin \u0111\u1ecdc note 23 \u1edf tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref129\">[129]<\/a>&nbsp;Xin \u0111\u1ecdc Vis. Ch. viii. \u00a7247\/ tr. 293; c\u0169ng xin \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam note 48<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref130\">[130]<\/a>. C\u00f3 \u2018n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ec7nh\u2019 xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>i. 73-6; \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0: \u0111\u1ecba ng\u1ee5c, s\u00fac sanh, ng\u1ea1 qu\u1ef7, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 Ch\u01b0 thi\u00ean.&nbsp;<em>N\u00edp-b\u00e0n&nbsp;<\/em>kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y.&nbsp;<em>V\u0101na&nbsp;<\/em>c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n thu\u1ed9c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ch\u01a1i ch\u1eef&nbsp;<em>v\u0101na \u00a7&nbsp;<\/em>176<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref131\">[131]<\/a>&nbsp;C\u1ea5u tr\u00fac thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch v\u00e0 qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u1ea1n k\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o \u1edf Ti\u1ebfng Anh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref132\">[132]<\/a>&nbsp;T\u00ednh t\u1eeb k\u1ec7i \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o [T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0] (<em>upasampad\u0101) m<\/em>\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u0103m h\u1ea1 l\u1ea1p, \u2018m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u lo\u1ea1i trung\u2019 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 10 n\u0103m h\u1ea1 l\u1ea1p, v\u00e0 \u2018v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kh\u01b0u cao ni\u00ean\u2019 c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m h\u1ea1 l\u1ea1p ho\u1eb7c h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, tu\u1ed5i sanh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref133\">[133]<\/a>&nbsp;<em>Appattakhandhat\u0101di. (\u2018&nbsp;<\/em>\u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1i r\u1ed1i, v.v\u2026\u2019 ngh\u0129a \u0111en \u2018t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00f4ng r\u1ee5t c\u1ed5 r\u1ee5t vai (kh\u00fam n\u00fam) l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch d\u1ecbch ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, tuy nhi\u00ean&nbsp;<em>Ti\u1ebfng Ceylon&nbsp;<\/em>l\u1ea1i x\u00e1c minh r\u1eb1ng&nbsp;<em>appavattakkhandt\u0101di \u2013 (\u2018<\/em>c\u00e1c u\u1ea9n kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, v.v\u2026 v\u1edbi vl.&nbsp;<em>Asekkhakkhandh\u0101ti-<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref134\">[134]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ecdng m\u0169i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1eeb&nbsp;<em>sotthim.&nbsp;<\/em>L\u00e0m th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c ph\u00f3 t\u1eeb thay th\u1ebf cho danh c\u00e1ch b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf t\u0129nh t\u1ef1 s\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>sotthi.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/budsas.net\/uni\/u-kinh-cg\/cgtt02.htm#_ednref135\">[135]<\/a>&nbsp;\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u2018b\u1ea3y c\u00e1ch thanh t\u1ecbnh xin \u0111\u1ecdc&nbsp;<em>M.&nbsp;<\/em>Sutta 24. b\u1ea3y \u0111i\u1ec1u thanh t\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u0103n cho b\u1ea3n t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m Visuddhimagga (Thanh t\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ea1o). (1) Gi\u1edbi&nbsp;<em>Thanh t\u1ecbnh&nbsp;<\/em>l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean (2), T\u00e2m Thanh t\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u0103m lo\u1ea1i \u2018th\u1eafng tr\u00ed hi\u1ec7p th\u1ebf\u201d (3) ki\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh \u2018 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 Danh v\u00e0 s\u1eafc.\u2019 (4) \u0111o\u1ea1n nghi thanh t\u1ecbnh nh\u1edd kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u2018qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n\u2019, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0, hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ec1 duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi. (5) \u0111\u1ea1o phi \u0111\u1ea1o tri ki\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh l\u00e0&nbsp;<em>b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng.&nbsp;<\/em>L\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t (sanh v\u00e0 di\u1ec7t) v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng ph\u1ea5n tr\u1ea5n v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao l\u00ean nh\u1eefng g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o. (6)&nbsp;<em>h\u00e0nh tri ki\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c tu t\u1eadp tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng qu\u00e1n v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, qu\u00e1n kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 quan v\u00f4 ng\u00e3.<\/em>&nbsp;b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng giai \u0111o\u1ea1n li\u00ean t\u1ee5c cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ebf. (7)&nbsp;<em>tri ki\u1ebfn thanh t\u1ecbnh nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed1n<\/em>&nbsp;\u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.\u0110i\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1eb1ng T\u1ee9 Thanh T\u1ecbnh t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 (3) v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 (6).<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>-ooOoo-<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-18a6381 elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-between elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"18a6381\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9b6286e\" data-id=\"9b6286e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fcf75cf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"fcf75cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"29369\" class=\"elementor elementor-29369\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-263b597c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"263b597c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-134cd20d\" data-id=\"134cd20d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bcd0b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bcd0b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Kinh t\u1ea1ng Nikaya &#8211; T\u00e2m h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Online gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 kinh Nikaya , c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00edn c\u1eady tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet.<\/p><p>Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o , mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp; T\u00e2m h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home \u00a0Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng IV NAM T\u1eec H\u1eceI \u0110\u1ea0O (Kum\u0101rapanham) 1. Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 Nam T\u1eed H\u1ecfi \u0110\u1ea1o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35261,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[354],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-35272","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kinh-tieu-bo"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35272","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35272"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35272\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35279,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35272\/revisions\/35279"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35261"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35272"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35272"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35272"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=35272"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}