{"id":35458,"date":"2022-08-21T00:05:03","date_gmt":"2022-08-20T17:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=35458"},"modified":"2022-08-25T22:37:23","modified_gmt":"2022-08-25T15:37:23","slug":"kinh-truong-bo-32-eng-kinh-a-sa-nang-chi-atanatiya-sutta-by-t-w-rhys-davids-and-c-a-f-rhys-davids","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2022\/08\/21\/kinh-truong-bo-32-eng-kinh-a-sa-nang-chi-atanatiya-sutta-by-t-w-rhys-davids-and-c-a-f-rhys-davids\/","title":{"rendered":"Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 32 ENG : Kinh A-s\u00e1-nang-chi (At\u0101n\u0101tiya sutta) by\u00a0T.W. Rhys Davids\u00a0and C.A.F. Rhys Davids"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"35458\" class=\"elementor elementor-35458\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-d78f74e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-around elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"d78f74e\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-49a8c87\" data-id=\"49a8c87\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div 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elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"bd2ecc1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"31584\" class=\"elementor elementor-31584\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-24415627 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"24415627\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-724c92ea\" data-id=\"724c92ea\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a3b26fb elementor-widget elementor-widget-toggle\" data-id=\"2a3b26fb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"toggle.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle\" role=\"tablist\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7081\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7081\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\" class=\"elementor-toggle-title\">Kinh Trung B\u1ed9 032 Kinh A-s\u00e1-nang-chi (At\u0101n\u0101tiya sutta)<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7081\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7081\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/20\/kinh-a-sa-nang-chi\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/20\/kinh-a-sa-nang-chi\/\">Kinh A-s\u00e1-nang-chi (At\u0101n\u0101tiya sutta)<\/a><\/li><li>\u00a0<\/li><li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/21\/kinh-truong-bo-32-eng-kinh-a-sa-nang-chi-atanatiya-sutta-by-t-w-rhys-davids-and-c-a-f-rhys-davids\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 32 ENG : Kinh A-s\u00e1-nang-chi (At\u0101n\u0101tiya sutta) by\u00a0T.W. Rhys Davids\u00a0and C.A.F. Rhys Davids<\/a><\/li><li class=\"entry-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/21\/kinh-truong-bo-32-pali-kinh-a-sa-nang-chi-atanatiya-sutta\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Kinh Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 32 Pali : Kinh A-s\u00e1-nang-chi (At\u0101n\u0101tiya sutta)<\/a><\/li><li>Nikaya &#8211; A H\u00e0m<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-toggle-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-title-7082\" class=\"elementor-tab-title\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"elementor-tab-content-7082\" aria-expanded=\"false\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon elementor-toggle-icon-left\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-closed\"><i class=\"fas fa-caret-right\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened\"><i class=\"elementor-toggle-icon-opened fas fa-caret-up\"><\/i><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"\" class=\"elementor-toggle-title\">Ph\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div id=\"elementor-tab-content-7082\" class=\"elementor-tab-content elementor-clearfix\" data-tab=\"2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"elementor-tab-title-7082\"><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/29\/gg-kinh-phap-mon-can-ban-trung-bo-kinh-nikaya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gi\u1ea3ng gi\u1ea3i c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2022\/08\/21\/giao-an-truong-bo-kinh-kinh-a-sa-nang-chi-atanatiya-sutta\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">Gi\u00e1o \u00c1n Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 Kinh \u2013 Kinh \u00c1 S\u00e1 N\u0103ng Ch\u00ed (\u00e0t\u00e0n\u00e0tiya Sutta)<\/a><\/li><li>C\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng<\/li><li>T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tham kh\u1ecfa<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"FAQPage\",\"mainEntity\":[{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Kinh Trung B\\u1ed9 032 Kinh A-s\\u00e1-nang-chi (At\\u0101n\\u0101tiya sutta)\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<ul><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/20\\\/kinh-a-sa-nang-chi\\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noreferrer noopener\\\" data-type=\\\"URL\\\" data-id=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/20\\\/kinh-a-sa-nang-chi\\\/\\\">Kinh A-s\\u00e1-nang-chi (At\\u0101n\\u0101tiya sutta)<\\\/a><\\\/li><li>\\u00a0<\\\/li><li class=\\\"entry-title\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/21\\\/kinh-truong-bo-32-eng-kinh-a-sa-nang-chi-atanatiya-sutta-by-t-w-rhys-davids-and-c-a-f-rhys-davids\\\/\\\" rel=\\\"bookmark\\\">Kinh Tr\\u01b0\\u1eddng B\\u1ed9 32 ENG : Kinh A-s\\u00e1-nang-chi (At\\u0101n\\u0101tiya sutta) by\\u00a0T.W. Rhys Davids\\u00a0and C.A.F. Rhys Davids<\\\/a><\\\/li><li class=\\\"entry-title\\\"><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/21\\\/kinh-truong-bo-32-pali-kinh-a-sa-nang-chi-atanatiya-sutta\\\/\\\" rel=\\\"bookmark\\\">Kinh Tr\\u01b0\\u1eddng B\\u1ed9 32 Pali : Kinh A-s\\u00e1-nang-chi (At\\u0101n\\u0101tiya sutta)<\\\/a><\\\/li><li>Nikaya &#8211; A H\\u00e0m<\\\/li><\\\/ul>\"}},{\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"Ph\\u1ea7n gi\\u1ea3ng gi\\u1ea3i\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"<ul><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2020\\\/10\\\/29\\\/gg-kinh-phap-mon-can-ban-trung-bo-kinh-nikaya\\\/\\\" target=\\\"_blank\\\" rel=\\\"noopener\\\">Gi\\u1ea3ng gi\\u1ea3i c\\u01a1 b\\u1ea3n<\\\/a><\\\/li><li><a href=\\\"https:\\\/\\\/tamhoc.org\\\/2022\\\/08\\\/21\\\/giao-an-truong-bo-kinh-kinh-a-sa-nang-chi-atanatiya-sutta\\\/\\\" rel=\\\"bookmark\\\">Gi\\u00e1o \\u00c1n Tr\\u01b0\\u1eddng B\\u1ed9 Kinh \\u2013 Kinh \\u00c1 S\\u00e1 N\\u0103ng Ch\\u00ed (\\u00e0t\\u00e0n\\u00e0tiya Sutta)<\\\/a><\\\/li><li>C\\u00e1c b\\u00e0i gi\\u1ea3ng<\\\/li><li>T\\u00e0i li\\u1ec7u tham kh\\u1ecfa<\\\/li><\\\/ul>\"}}]}<\/script>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bd82262\" data-id=\"bd82262\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-689f5d27 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"689f5d27\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4>Sacred Books of the Buddhists<br>Volume IV<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4>D\u012bgha Nik\u0101ya<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4>Dialogues of the Buddha<br>Part III<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4><a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/indexes\/sutta\/dn\/idx_digha_nikaya.htm#p32\">Sutta 32<\/a><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4>\u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6diya Suttanta\u0271<\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":1} -->\n<h1>The Ward Rune of \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da<\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Translated from the Pali by&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/gallery\/tw_rd.htm\">T.W. Rhys Davids<\/a>&nbsp;and<br><a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/gallery\/caf_rd.htm\">C.A.F. Rhys Davids<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Public Domain<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Originally published under the patronage of<br>His Majesty King Chul\u0101lankarana,<br>King of Siam<br>by The Pali Text Society, Oxford<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a><strong>[185]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":4} -->\n<h4><strong>Introduction<br>to the<br>\u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6diya Suttanta<\/strong><\/h4>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>On this Suttanta we have already commented incidentally in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.31.rhyt.pts.htm\">the preceding<\/a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/indexes\/sutta\/dn\/idx_digha_nikaya.htm#p20\">Mah\u0101-Samaya Suttantas (II, 283).<\/a>&nbsp;Here we wish very briefly to consider the position of these&nbsp;<em>rakkhan&#8217;s, paritt\u0101s<\/em>&nbsp;or prayers for safety in the Buddhist cult.&nbsp;<em>Paritt\u0101 (pari-tr\u0101)<\/em>&nbsp;means protection, from a root&nbsp;<em>tr\u0101,<\/em>&nbsp;to rescue. It is a different word from the&nbsp;<em>paritta\u0271<\/em>&nbsp;(<em>par\u012btra,<\/em>&nbsp;limited, little) on which we have commented elsewhere.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n1\">1<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;And it is more often used than its synonym&nbsp;<em>rakkha\u0271,<\/em>&nbsp;the term used here. A list of&nbsp;<em>paritt\u0101s<\/em>&nbsp;is given in the&nbsp;<em>Questions of King Milinda<\/em>&nbsp;(trs. I, 231), and the sanction of their use is there made one of the horns of a dilemma, thus: \u2014 &#8216;The&nbsp;<em>Paritt\u0101s<\/em>&nbsp;were promulgated by the Blessed One, that is to say, the&nbsp;<em>Ratana Sutta,<\/em>&nbsp;the&nbsp;<em>Khandha, Peacock, Banner-crest, \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6diya<\/em>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<em>Angulim\u0101la Paritt\u0101s.<\/em>&nbsp;Now if a man may not escape death, the Paritta is useless; if the&nbsp;<em>Paritt\u0101<\/em>&nbsp;saves him, it is not true that he cannot escape death.&#8217; All of these&nbsp;<em>Paritt\u0101s<\/em>&nbsp;are translated into English. The&nbsp;<em>Ratana<\/em>&nbsp;is in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/chld\/kd\/khp\/khp.chld.htm#fn5\"><em>Khuddakapatha,<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;translated by Childers,<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n2\">2<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/sbe\/kd\/snp\/kd.snp.faus.sbe.htm#II.1\">Sutta-Nip\u0101ta;<\/a><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n3\">3<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;the Peacock is the&nbsp;<em>J\u0101taka<\/em>&nbsp;verses so called;<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n4\">4<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;the Banner-crest is in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/sn\/01_sagv\/sn01.11.001-025.rhyc.pts.htm#sn.1.11.3\">Sakka-Sa\u0271yutta;<\/a><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n5\">5<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;and the Angulim\u0101la may be read in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/kd\/thag\/thag.255.rhyc.pts.htm\"><em>Therag\u0101tha<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/indexes\/sutta\/mn\/idx_majjhima_nikaya_2.htm#p86\"><em>Majjhima-Nik\u0101ya.<\/em><\/a><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n6\">6<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;The Khandha&nbsp;<em>paritt\u0101<\/em>&nbsp;is in the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/indexes\/sutta\/an\/idx_04_catukkanipata.htm#p67\"><em>A\u1e45guttara-Nikaya<\/em>&nbsp;(II., 72)<\/a>&nbsp;and in the Cullavagga of the Vinaya.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n7\">7<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;In the last-named works it is said to be &#8216;allowed&#8217; by the Buddha &#8216;as a watch, a guard, a protection for one&#8217;s self for the use of the Order.&#8217; The occasion for this general injunction was the death of a member through snake-bite. The formula consists of a profession of amity towards the four tribes of snakes, an entreaty against injury from beasts, a prayer for the welfare of all beings. The profession of amity, according to Buddhist doctrine, was no mere matter of pretty speech.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a><strong>[186]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;It was to accompany and express a psychic suffusion of the hostile man or beast or spirit with benign, fraternal emotion \u2014 with&nbsp;<em>mett\u0101.<\/em>&nbsp;For strong was the conviction, from Sutta and Vinaya to Buddhaghosa&#8217;s Visuddhi-Magga,<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n8\">8<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;that &#8216;thoughts are things,&#8217; that psychical action, emotional or intellectual, is capable of working like a force among forces. Europe may yet come round further to this Indian attitude.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The belief in the effective power to heal, or protect, of the&nbsp;<em>saccakiriy\u0101,<\/em>&nbsp;or asseveration of something quite true, is but another aspect of the work ascribed to the&nbsp;<em>paritt\u0101.&#8221;<\/em><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n9\">9<\/a>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>It may well be that Buddhism was compelled to adopt and then adapt, in the&nbsp;<em>paritt\u0101,<\/em>&nbsp;the&nbsp;<em>rakshamantras<\/em>&nbsp;dear to its converts. There was wisdom shown by the teachers of the new successful Dhamma in making friends out of certain traditions and prejudices very hard to overcome. In moments of vital peril any conceivable means are clutched at that may avail to save. And it is chiefly as a cry for help in sickness that the&nbsp;<em>paritt\u0101<\/em>-rite or&nbsp;<em>pirit<\/em>&nbsp;survives yet in Ceylon. The simple ritual is described in Spence Hardy&#8217;s&nbsp;<em>Eastern Monarchism,<\/em>&nbsp;p. 240, and in Gogerly&#8217;s&nbsp;<em>Ceylon Buddhism,<\/em>&nbsp;edited by A. S. Bishop, p. 327 ff.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>But on the other hand there is an aspect under which these guarding runes are not alien to Buddhist doctrine, but are as much in harmony with it as is prayer with a theistic religion. This is not altogether because the agencies whose power to harm is deprecated are not, as in other cults, cursed and anathematized, but are blessed with good wishes, and suffused with an outgoing love. Though, for that matter, we cannot but linger for a moment to render homage to this wonderful vista of faith, wherein even the most malignant spirits and beasts were looked upon, not as hopelessly and eternally damned, but as erring unfortunates upon their agelong upward way, and capable of being doctored and softened by the lovely power of love. What we mean here is that the Buddhist&#8217;s idea of the moral order reigning in the universe \u2014 an order or law which he called Dhamma \u2014 justifies him in the practice of the&nbsp;<em>paritt\u0101.<\/em>&nbsp;The kernel of Buddhist doctrine is insight into the moral cosmic order \u2014 into the eternal truth of Ill and of its arising and passing, and of the Path whereby it may be overpassed. But this order is not a finished, rigid, alien measure which may be&nbsp;<a><strong>[187]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;applied from without to life and conduct. It is not like an iron gallon jar which may be filled and emptied innumerable times with changing contents. It is more like an infinite web that living creatures themselves are ever weaving. The results of our actions are the web. The pattern that comes out as the web progresses is by us interpreted as moral law. It is a growing induction based on faith, namely, that good brings happiness, evil, unhappiness. And the actions with such pregnant results are acts not only of deed and speech, but also of feeling, thinking, and will. Each thread of the web is the result of some person&#8217;s karma. Whether that karma be good or bad, the eternal shuttle weaves in the result. And at any given moment it requires, in making up the pattern, which is the fulfilling of the moral law, an act &#8216;of mind, word, or deed from some being or beings. The Hebrew prophet in a fine inspiration conceived the Lord as &#8216;waiting to be gracious.&#8217; So the Buddhist, his world teeming with the life and power of beings seen and unseen, all making their own karma, conceives the moral order as, so to speak, waiting for the action of this or that human or non-human being, contributing to the progress of its sempiternal fulfilment. N\u0101gasena, in the&nbsp;<em>Milinda<\/em>&nbsp;question, likens this, that we have called a &#8216;waiting&#8217; for the human intercession in the&nbsp;<em>Paritt\u0101,<\/em>&nbsp;to the sick man&#8217;s turning to the physician&#8217;s remedies. Either means may avail if the patient&#8217;s karma for this life be not exhausted. The fervent utterances of the&nbsp;<em>Paritt\u0101,<\/em>&nbsp;as synergy of thought sent forth by the utterers, are judged to be a possibly effective medicine no less than the muscular and material appliances of medical art. They are intended to range benign agencies on the side of the patient, and to keep far off those that may harm. Deities as conceived in other creeds were no longer invoked. Short of this, the parittas have yet much of the force of prayer. Balaam&#8217;s aspiration: &#8216;Let me die the death of the righteous and let my last end be like his!&#8217; would be accounted as a prayer by both theist and Buddhist. Even Aaron&#8217;s benediction of Israel: &#8216;May the Lord bless thee and keep thee,&#8217; etc., is a votive uttering \u2014 a&nbsp;<em>voeu<\/em>&nbsp;\u2014 an invocation on the lines of the&nbsp;<em>paritt\u0101s<\/em>. In these the power and goodness of the wonderful Teacher and Saviour, the truth of the Dhamma, the help of all holy ones \u2014 these are made present to the mind and give strength. The heart of unbounded love converts foes to friends, or else to powerlessness, and so drives out fear. So that whether it is to be a prolonged span of safety here, or whether life elsewhere is once more imminent, great allies have been called to aid and are standing by, and all is well.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>C.A.F. RHYS DAVIDS.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a><strong>[188]<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":1} -->\n<h1>The Ward Rune of \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da<\/h1>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pali\/dn\/dn.32.pali.bd.htm#p1\">1<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/misc\/dn\/dn.32.grim.misc.htm#p1\">grim<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/ati\/dn\/dn.32.piya.ati.htm#p1\">piya<\/a>]&nbsp;THUS&nbsp;HAVE&nbsp;I&nbsp;HEARD.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:image -->\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/resources\/images\/vulture.head.rock.jpg\" alt=\"Vulture Head Rock\" title=\"Vulture Head Rock: take a look, it's the head, not a peak. What's a Vulture's Peak anyway?\"\/><\/figure>\n<!-- \/wp:image -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Exalted One was once staying near&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/appendixes\/buddhas_india\/buddhas_india.htm#rajagaha\">R\u0101jagaha<\/a>&nbsp;on Vulture&#8217;s Peak.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Now the Four Kings<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n10\">10<\/a>]<\/sup><br>having set a guard,<br>a screen,<br>a patrol<br>over the four quarters<br>with a great army of Yakkhas,<br>of Gandhabbas,<br>of Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0das,<br>went to Vulture&#8217;s Peak when night was far spent,<br>lighting up the whole mountain<br>with their effulgent beauty.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n11\">11<\/a>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And there they saluted the Exalted One<br>and sat down at one side.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Note that these devas sit. We usually find that they stand, not wishing to sit in it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/resources\/images\/king_of_ny_vrysm.gif\" width=\"38\" height=\"32\" alt=\"p.p. explains it all\">&nbsp;\u2014 p.p.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And of the [attendant] fairies<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n12\">12<\/a>]<\/sup><br>some saluted only and sat down at one side,<br>some exchanged greetings and compliments of politeness and courtesy,<br>and took their seats on one side;<br>some saluted him with clasped hands,<br>then sat down on one side;<br>some called out their name and family,<br>then sat down on one side;<br>some sat down in silence.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n13\">13<\/a>]<\/sup><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/resources\/dhammatalk\/rd_buddhist_india\/bi_fig.039.jpg\" width=\"313\" height=\"791\" alt=\"Vessavana Kuvera, King of the Yakshas and Regent of the North from the Bharat Tope from Rhys Davids, Buddhist India.\"><br>Vessavana Kuvera, King of the Yakshas<br>and Regent of the North<br>from the Bharat Tope<br>from Rhys Davids, Buddhist India.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>2. Then&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/appendixes\/personalities\/kuvera.htm\">King Vessavana<\/a><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n14\">14<\/a>]<\/sup><br>so seated<br>spake thus to the Exalted One:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8220;Lord! there are eminent fairies<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n15\">15<\/a>]<\/sup><br>who do not believe in the Exalted One,<br>and there are eminent fairies who do.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There are also fairies of middle<br>and of inferior rank<br>who do not believe in him,<br>and there are&nbsp;<a><strong>[189]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;fairies of middle and of inferior rank who do.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>But for the most part, lord,<br>fairies do not believe in the Exalted One.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Why is this?<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Exalted One teaches a code<br>of abstaining from the taking of life,<br>from theft,<br>inchastity,<br>lying<br>and intemperance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>But for the most part, lord,<br>fairies do not abstain<br>from any one of these things.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>To them such a code<br>is distasteful and disagreeable.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Surely, lord, there are disciples of the Exalted One<br>who haunt the lonely and remote recesses of the forest,<br>where noise,<br>where sound<br>there hardly is,<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n16\">16<\/a>]<\/sup><br>where breezes from the pastures blow,<br>hidden from men,<br>suitable for meditation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There do eminent fairies dwell,<br>who have no faith in the word of the Exalted One.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That they may find faith,<br>may the Exalted One learn<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n17\">17<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;the \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n18\">18<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;ward-rune<br>whereby both brethren and sisters of the Order,<br>and laymen and laywomen<br>may dwell at ease<br>guarded,<br>protected<br>and unscathed?&#8221;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Exalted One by his silence gave consent.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>3. Then King Vessavana,<br>noting the Exalted One&#8217;s consent,<br>recited in that hour<br>this ward-rune of \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da: \u2014<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00a7<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>All glory to Vipassi, splendid seer!<br>To Sikhin of the tender heart for all!<br>To Vessabhu ascetic, wholly pure!<br>To Kakusandha, mill of M\u0101ra&#8217;s host!<br>To Ko\u1e47\u0101gamana, perfected saint!<br>To Kassapa, in every way set free!<br>And to Ang\u012brasa the splendid son<br>Of S\u0101kiyas who hath taught the holy Norm<br>Defeating and dispelling every ill.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n19\">19<\/a>]<\/sup><br><a><strong>[190]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;They too who here from passions freed<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n20\">20<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;have pierced<br>E&#8217;en as it really is the truth of things,<br>Such souls of gentle speech, mighty, serene,<br>To GOTAMA give glory, Fount of Good<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n21\">21<\/a>]<\/sup><br>To devas and to men, in wisdom&#8217;s lore<br>And conduct versed, mighty, serene.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>4. Whence cometh up the sun, Aditi&#8217;s child,<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n22\">22<\/a>]<\/sup><br>Orb\u00e8d and vast, e&#8217;en as he cometh up<br>Ceaseth the Shrouder:<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n23\">23<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;lo! the day, &#8216;t is said.<br>There too and thus they know the sounding deep,<br>The sea, the bourne of travelling waters, so<br>They call it &#8216;Sea.&#8217; And looking hence<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n24\">24<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;we say<br>This quarter is the East: the &#8216;First&#8217; to come<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n25\">25<\/a>]<\/sup><br>Custodian of this quarter is a king.<br>With brilliant retinue, the sovereign lord<br>Of the Gandhabbas, Dhatara\u1e6d\u1e6dha named.<br>Attended by Gandhabbas he enjoys<br>Their songs and dances. Many are his sons<br>Of one name and the same, so have I heard.<br>Eighty and ten and one the tale of them,<br>Inda their name and mighty is their strength.<br>They too beholding Buddha, kin o&#8217; th sun,<br>Mighty, serene, acclaim him from afar.<br>&#8216;Hail thou, humanity&#8217;s aristocrat!<br>Glory to thee, thou highest among men!<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n26\">26<\/a>]<\/sup><br>&#8216;Tis by thy goodness<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n27\">27<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;thou hast looked on us.<br><a><strong>[191]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;We, though we be not human, worship thee!&#8217;<br>Full often have we heard the question asked,<br>&#8216;The conqueror do ye worships GOTAMA?&#8217;<br>Therefore do we on this wise utterance make:<br>&#8216;The conqueror we do worships GOTAMA,<br>In wisdom&#8217;s lore and conduct throughly versed;<br>The Buddha do we worships GOTAMA!&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>5. Where they whom men call Peta-folk reside,<br>Folk rough of speech, backbiters, murderers,<br>Brigands and crafty-minded, looking hence,<br>They say, &#8216;This is the quarter of the south.&#8217;<br>Custodian of this quarter is a king,<br>With brilliant retinue, the sovereign lord<br>Of the Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0da sprites, Vir\u016b\u1e37ha named.<br>Attended by Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0das he enjoys<br>Their songs and dances. Many are his sons,<br>Of one name and the same, so have I heard,<br>Eighty and ten and one the tale of them;<br>Inda their name and mighty is their strength.<br>They too beholding Buddha, kin o&#8217; th&#8217; sun,<br>Mighty, serene, acclaim him from afar,<br>&#8216;Hail thou, humanity&#8217;s aristocrat!<br>Glory to thee, thou highest among men!<br>&#8216;Tis by thy goodness thou hast looked on us.<br>We, though we be not human, worship thee!&#8217;<br>Full often have we heard the question asked,<br>&#8216;The conqueror do ye worship, GOTAMA?&#8217;<br>Therefore do we on this wise utterance make:<br>&#8216;The conqueror we do worship, GOTAMA,<br>In wisdom&#8217;s lore and conduct throughly versed;<br>The Buddha do we worship, GOTAMA!&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>6. And where the sun goes down, Aditi&#8217;s child,<br>Orb\u00e8d and vast, e&#8217;en as he goeth down<br>Ceaseth the day, and when he goeth down<br>The Shrouder cometh, men are wont to say.<br><a><strong>[192]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;There too and thus they know the sounding deep.<br>The sea, the bourne of travelling waters, so<br>They call it &#8216;sea.&#8217; And looking hence we say<br>This quarter is the &#8216;West&#8217; the &#8216;Last&#8217; to come.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n28\">28<\/a>]<\/sup><br>Custodian of this quarter is a king,<br>Of brilliant retinue, the sovereign lord<br>Of N\u0101gas, him Virupakkha we name.<br>Attended by the N\u0101gas he enjoys<br>Their songs and dances. Many are his sons.<br>Of one name and the same, so have I heard.<br>Eighty and ten and one the tale of them;<br>Inda their name and mighty is their strength.<br>They too beholding Buddha, kin o&#8217; th&#8217; sun.<br>Mighty, serene, acclaim him from afar.<br>&#8216;Hail thou, humanity&#8217;s aristocrat!<br>Glory to thee, thou highest among men!<br>&#8216;Tis by thy goodness thou hast looked on us.<br>We, though we be not human, worship thee.&#8217;<br>Full often have we heard the question asked,<br>&#8216;The conqueror do ye worship, GOTAMA?&#8217;<br>Therefore do we on this wise utterance make:<br>&#8216;The conqueror we do worship, GOTAMA,<br>In wisdom&#8217;s lore and conduct throughly versed;<br>The Buddha do we worship, GOTAMA!&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>7. Where Northern Kuru lies delectable,<br>Where towers great Neru&#8217;s<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n29\">29<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;mountain beauteously,.<br>There do men live calling no goods their own,.<br>Nor as their chattels any womenkind.<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n30\">30<\/a>]<\/sup><br>No seed they scatter, nor in furrows led<br>Are ploughshares. Of itself the ripened corn<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n31\">31<\/a>]<\/sup><br>Stands without toil of tilth for men to enjoy.<br>The rice purged of red powder and of husk,<br>Sweet-scented, boiling on hot oven-stones:<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n32\">32<\/a>]<\/sup><br><a><strong>[193]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Thus they [untoiling find and] eat their food.<br>They make of kine a single-seated mount,<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n33\">33<\/a>]<\/sup><br>And so they ride about the land; and eke<br>Their flocks they use on this wise, women too<br>And men, and maids and youths \u2014 these vehicles<br>Mounting they ride about on every hand,<br>Engaged upon the service of their king.<br>And elephants they have to ride and horses too<br>And cars celestial, and for the king<br>And all his retinue state palanquins.<br>Cities are theirs well built on airy base;<br>Their names \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6d\u0101, Kusin\u0101\u1e6d\u0101,<br>Parakusin\u0101\u1e6d\u0101 and N\u0101\u1e6dapuriya,<br>And Parakusitan\u0101\u1e6da, to the North<br>Kap\u012bvanta and other cities too: \u2014<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n34\">34<\/a>]<\/sup><br>Janogha and Navanavatiya<br>And Ambara-Ambaravatiya<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n35\">35<\/a>]<\/sup><br>\u0100\u1e37akamand\u0101 too, the royal residence.<br>But where Kuvera<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n36\">36<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;dwells, their gracious king,<br>Vis\u0101n\u0101 is the citadel, and hence<br>The name he goes by of Vessava\u1e47a.<br>And these are they who take his embassies<br>And make them known: \u2014 Tatol\u0101, Tattal\u0101,<br>Tatotal\u0101; Ojasi, Tejasi,<br>Tatojasi and S\u016bro and R\u0101ja<br>Ari\u1e6d\u1e6dha too and Nemi. There too spreads<br>The mighty sheet of water, Dharani,<br>Whence rain-clouds [drawing waters]<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n37\">37<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;pour them forth<br>Whence showers rain down. And there too stands the hall<br>Named Bhagalavati, where congregate<br>The Yakkha sprites. And round about are trees<br><a><strong>[194]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Bearing perpetual fruit; their foliage<br>Swarming with divers birds and jubilant<br>With cry of peacock and of heron and the song<br>Melodious of the&nbsp;<em>kokil\u0101.<\/em>&nbsp;There too<br>You hear the&nbsp;<em>j\u012bva<\/em>-bird who calls &#8216;Live ye!<br>Live ye!&#8217; and he who sings &#8216;O lift your hearts!&#8217;<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n38\">38<\/a>]<\/sup><br>And many another bird of wood and lake<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n39\">39<\/a>]<\/sup><br>With noisy parrots and the gentler song<br>Of myna-birds and harpies called by men<br>Rod-mannikins. Aye in her beauty lies<br>The livelong day Kuvera&#8217;s lotus-lake.<br>And looking hence our people designate<br>That quarter of the firmament as North.<br>Custodian of this quarter is a king<br>Of brilliant retinue, the sovereign lord<br>Of Yakkhas, by the name Kuvera known.<br>Attended by the Yakkhas he enjoys<br>Their songs and dances. Many are his sons,<br>Of one name and the same, so have I heard.<br>Eighty and ten and one the tale of them;<br>Inda their name and mighty is their strength.<br>They too beholding Buddha kin o&#8217; the sun,<br>Mighty, serene, acclaim him from afar:<br>Hail thou., humanity s aristocrat!<br>Glory to thee, thou highest among men!<br>&#8216;Tis by thy goodness thou hast looked on us.<br>We though we be not human worship thee.<br>Full often have we heard the question asked:<br>&#8216;The conqueror do ye worships GOTAMA?&#8217;<br>Therefore do we on this wise utterance make:<br>&#8216;The conqueror we do worship, GOTAMA,<br>In wisdom&#8217;s lore and conduct throughly versed.<br>The Buddha do we worships GOTAMA.&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>8. This, dear Sir, is the ward rune,<br>whereby both brethren and sisters of the Order,<br>and laymen and laywomen<br>may dwell at ease,<br>guarded,<br>protected<br><a><strong>[195]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;and unscathed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When any brother or sister,<br>layman or laywoman<br>shall have well learnt this \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da spell,<br>and shall know it word-perfectly,<br>if any non-human creature,<br>whether it be a Yakkha of either sex,<br>young or otherwise,<br>chief or attendant,<br>or servant,<br>or a Gandhabba,<br>or a Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0da,<br>or a N\u0101ga,<br>of either sex,<br>young or otherwise,<br>chief<br>or attendant<br>or servant,<br>should approach him or her<br>while walking,<br>standing,<br>sitting<br>or lying down,<br>with malevolent intent,<br>such a creature, dear sir,<br>would not win,<br>either in village or township,<br>hospitality or respect.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Such a creature, dear sir,<br>would obtain at my royal city of \u0100\u1e37akamand\u0101<br>neither site nor dwelling.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>He would not be received<br>in any assembly of Yakkhas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And he would not be taken or given in marriage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And when his trial was over,<br>the public of creatures non-human<br>would heap contumely upon him,<br>and they would bend down his head<br>like an empty bowl,<br>and split it in seven pieces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>9. There are creatures not human, dear sir,<br>who are rough,<br>irascible,<br>violent.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>They heed neither the [four] kings,<br>nor the officers of the kings,<br>nor their men.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>They are called rebels against the four kings.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Even as brigand chiefs<br>suppressed by the king of Magadha,<br>so do they act.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Now if any Yakkha whatever,<br>or Gandhabba,<br>Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0da<br>or N\u0101ga<br>should approach a brother or sister of the Order,<br>or a lay-disciple,<br>walking,<br>standing,<br>sitting<br>or lying,<br>with malevolent intent,<br>then should [the molested one] incite<br>and cry aloud<br>and shout to those Yakkhas,<br>the Great Yakkhas,<br>their generals and commanders,<br>saying:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8216;This Yakkha is seizing me,<br>is assailing me,<br>is hurting,<br>injuring,<br>harming me,<br>and will not let me go!&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><a>10.<\/a>&nbsp;Which are the Yakkhas<br>[to whom appeal should be made]?<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Inda,\u2020<sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#n40\">40<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;Soma\u2020 and Varuna,\u2020<br>Bh\u0101radv\u0101ja, Paj\u0101pati,\u2020<br>Candana,\u2020 K\u0101masettha too,*<br><a><strong>[196]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;Kinnugha\u1e47\u1e0du* and Nigha\u1e47\u1e0du*<br>Pan\u0101da, Opama\u00f1\u00f1a too,<br>Devas\u016bta and M\u0101tali,\u2020*<br>Cittasena* the Gandhabba,<br>Na\u1e37a,* R\u0101ja,* Janesabha*<br>S\u0101t\u0101gira* Hemavata,*<br>Pu\u1e47\u1e47aka,* Karatiya, Gula.<br>S\u012bvaka* Mucalinda too<br>Vess\u0101mitta, Yugandhara,<br>Gop\u0101la, Suppagedha too,<br>Hir\u012b, Nett\u012b and Mandiya,<br>Pa\u00f1c\u0101laca\u1e47\u1e0da \u0100\u1e37avaka,*<br>Pajunna,\u2020 Sumana, Sumukha,<br>Dadhimukha, Mani,<br>M\u0101nicara, D\u012bgha,<br>With these Serissaka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These are the Yakkhas,<br>the Greater Yakkhas,<br>the commanders,<br>the chief commanders,<br>who should be invoked.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>11. This, dear sir,<br>is the ward rune<br>whereby both brethren and sisters of the Order,<br>and laymen and laywomen<br>may dwell at ease,<br>guarded,<br>protected<br>and unscathed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Well, dear sir,<br>now we take our leave;<br>we have many duties,<br>much to do.&#8221;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8220;That, sires, is whenever you think fit.&#8221;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Then the Four King&#8217;s arose from their seat,<br>and saluting the Exalted One<br>passed round him by his right<br>and there and then vanished.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And the Yakkhas arose from their seat<br>some following the procedure of the four kings,<br>some exchanging with the Exalted One<br>friendly and courteous salutations,<br>some stretching forth clasped hands,<br>some announcing their name and family,<br>some keeping silence.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And so all there and then vanished.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And when the night had passed,<br>the Exalted One addressed the brethren:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Last night<br>while staying near Vulture&#8217;s Peak<br>the Four Kings<br>having set a guard,<br>a screen,<br>a patrol<br>over the four quarters<br>with a great army of Yakkhas,<br>of Gandhabbas,<br>of Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0das,<br>went to Vulture&#8217;s Peak when night was far spent,<br>lighting up the whole mountain<br>with their effulgent beauty.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And there they saluted the me<br>and sat down at one side.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And of the [attendant] fairies<br>some saluted only and sat down at one side,<br>some exchanged greetings and compliments of politeness and courtesy,<br>and took their seats on one side;<br>some saluted me with clasped hands,<br>then sat down on one side;<br>some called out their name and family,<br>then sat down on one side;<br>some sat down in silence.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Then King Vessavana so seated spake thus:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8216;Lord! there are eminent fairies<br>who do not believe in the Exalted One,<br>and there are eminent fairies who do.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There are also fairies of middle<br>and of inferior rank<br>who do not believe in him,<br>and there are fairies of middle and of inferior rank who do.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>But for the most part, lord,<br>fairies do not believe in the Exalted One.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Why is this?<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The Exalted One teaches a code<br>of abstaining from the taking of life,<br>from theft,<br>inchastity,<br>lying<br>and intemperance.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>But for the most part, lord,<br>fairies do not abstain<br>from any one of these things.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>To them such a code<br>is distasteful and disagreeable.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Surely, lord, there are disciples of the Exalted One<br>who haunt the lonely and remote recesses of the forest,<br>where noise,<br>where sound<br>there hardly is,<br>where breezes from the pastures blow,<br>hidden from men,<br>suitable for meditation.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>There do eminent fairies dwell,<br>who have no faith in the word of the Exalted One.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That they may find faith,<br>may the Exalted One learn the \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da ward-rune<br>whereby both brethren and sisters of the Order,<br>and laymen and laywomen<br>may dwell at ease<br>guarded,<br>protected<br>and unscathed?&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Then I, by silence gave consent.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Then King Vessavana,<br>noting my consent,<br>recited in that hour<br>this ward-rune of \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da: \u2014<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>\u00a7<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>All glory to Vipassi, splendid seer!<br>To Sikhin of the tender heart for all!<br>To Vessabhu ascetic, wholly pure!<br>To Kakusandha, mill of M\u0101ra&#8217;s host!<br>To Ko\u1e47\u0101gamana, perfected saint!<br>To Kassapa, in every way set free!<br>And to Ang\u012brasa the splendid son<br>Of S\u0101kiyas who hath taught the holy Norm<br>Defeating and dispelling every ill.<br>They too who here from passions freed have pierced<br>E&#8217;en as it really is the truth of things,<br>Such souls of gentle speech, mighty, serene,<br>To GOTAMA give glory, Fount of Good<br>To devas and to men, in wisdom&#8217;s lore<br>And conduct versed, mighty, serene.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Whence cometh up the sun, Aditi&#8217;s child,<br>Orb\u00e8d and vast, e&#8217;en as he cometh up<br>Ceaseth the Shrouder: lo! the day, &#8216;t is said.<br>There too and thus they know the sounding deep,<br>The sea, the bourne of travelling waters, so<br>They call it &#8216;Sea.&#8217; And looking hence we say<br>This quarter is the East: the &#8216;First&#8217; to come<br>Custodian of this quarter is a king.<br>With brilliant retinue, the sovereign lord<br>Of the Gandhabbas, Dhatara\u1e6d\u1e6dha named.<br>Attended by Gandhabbas he enjoys<br>Their songs and dances. Many are his sons<br>Of one name and the same, so have I heard.<br>Eighty and ten and one the tale of them,<br>Inda their name and mighty is their strength.<br>They too beholding Buddha, kin o&#8217; th sun,<br>Mighty, serene, acclaim him from afar.<br>&#8216;Hail thou, humanity&#8217;s aristocrat!<br>Glory to thee, thou highest among men!<br>&#8216;Tis by thy goodness thou hast looked on us.<br>We, though we be not human, worship thee!&#8217;<br>Full often have we heard the question asked,<br>&#8216;The conqueror do ye worships GOTAMA?&#8217;<br>Therefore do we on this wise utterance make:<br>&#8216;The conqueror we do worships GOTAMA,<br>In wisdom&#8217;s lore and conduct throughly versed;<br>The Buddha do we worships GOTAMA!&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where they whom men call Peta-folk reside,<br>Folk rough of speech, backbiters, murderers,<br>Brigands and crafty-minded, looking hence,<br>They say, &#8216;This is the quarter of the south.&#8217;<br>Custodian of this quarter is a king,<br>With brilliant retinue, the sovereign lord<br>Of the Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0da sprites, Vir\u016b\u1e37ha named.<br>Attended by Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0das he enjoys<br>Their songs and dances. Many are his sons,<br>Of one name and the same, so have I heard,<br>Eighty and ten and one the tale of them;<br>Inda their name and mighty is their strength.<br>They too beholding Buddha, kin o&#8217; th&#8217; sun,<br>Mighty, serene, acclaim him from afar,<br>&#8216;Hail thou, humanity&#8217;s aristocrat!<br>Glory to thee, thou highest among men!<br>&#8216;Tis by thy goodness thou hast looked on us.<br>We, though we be not human, worship thee!&#8217;<br>Full often have we heard the question asked,<br>&#8216;The conqueror do ye worship, GOTAMA?&#8217;<br>Therefore do we on this wise utterance make:<br>&#8216;The conqueror we do worship, GOTAMA,<br>In wisdom&#8217;s lore and conduct throughly versed;<br>The Buddha do we worship., GOTAMA!&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And where the sun goes down, Aditi&#8217;s child,<br>Orb\u00e8d and vast, e&#8217;en as he goeth down<br>Ceaseth the day, and when he goeth down<br>The Shrouder cometh, men are wont to say.<br>There too and thus they know the sounding deep.<br>The sea, the bourne of travelling waters, so<br>They call it &#8216;sea.&#8217; And looking hence we say<br>This quarter is the &#8216;West&#8217; the &#8216;Last&#8217; to come.<br>Custodian of this quarter is a king,<br>Of brilliant retinue, the sovereign lord<br>Of N\u0101gas, him Virupakkha we name.<br>Attended by the N\u0101gas he enjoys<br>Their songs and dances. Many are his sons.<br>Of one name and the same, so have I heard.<br>Eighty and ten and one the tale of them;<br>Inda their name and mighty is their strength.<br>They too beholding Buddha, kin o&#8217; th&#8217; sun.<br>Mighty, serene, acclaim him from afar.<br>&#8216;Hail thou, humanity&#8217;s aristocrat!<br>Glory to thee, thou highest among men!<br>&#8216;Tis by thy goodness thou hast looked on us.<br>We, though we be not human, worship thee.&#8217;<br>Full often have we heard the question asked,<br>&#8216;The conqueror do ye worship, GOTAMA?&#8217;<br>Therefore do we on this wise utterance make:<br>&#8216;The conqueror we do worship, GOTAMA,<br>In wisdom&#8217;s lore and conduct throughly versed;<br>The Buddha do we worship, GOTAMA!&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Where Northern Kuru lies delectable,<br>Where towers great Neru&#8217;s mountain beauteously,.<br>There do men live calling no goods their own,.<br>Nor as their chattels any womenkind.<br>No seed they scatter, nor in furrows led<br>Are ploughshares. Of itself the ripened corn<br>Stands without toil of tilth for men to enjoy.<br>The rice purged of red powder and of husk,<br>Sweet-scented, boiling on hot oven-stones:<br>Thus they [untoiling find and] eat their food.<br>They make of kine a single-seated mount,<br>And so they ride about the land; and eke<br>Their flocks they use on this wise, women too<br>And men, and maids and youths \u2014 these vehicles<br>Mounting they ride about on every hand,<br>Engaged upon the service of their king.<br>And elephants they have to ride and horses too<br>And cars celestial, and for the king<br>And all his retinue state palanquins.<br>Cities are theirs well built on airy base;<br>Their names \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6d\u0101, Kusin\u0101\u1e6d\u0101,<br>Parakusin\u0101\u1e6d\u0101 and N\u0101\u1e6dapuriya,<br>And Parakusitan\u0101\u1e6da, to the North<br>Kap\u012bvanta and other cities too: \u2014<br>Janogha and Navanavatiya<br>And Ambara-Ambaravatiya<br>\u0100\u1e37akamand\u0101 too, the royal residence.<br>But where Kuvera dwells, their gracious king,<br>Vis\u0101n\u0101 is the citadel, and hence<br>The name he goes by of Vessava\u1e47a.<br>And these are they who take his embassies<br>And make them known: \u2014 Tatol\u0101, Tattal\u0101,<br>Tatotal\u0101; Ojasi, Tejasi,<br>Tatojasi and S\u016bro and R\u0101ja<br>Ari\u1e6d\u1e6dha too and Nemi. There too spreads<br>The mighty sheet of water, Dharani,<br>Whence rain-clouds [drawing waters] pour them forth<br>Whence showers rain down. And there too stands the hall<br>Named Bhagalavati, where congregate<br>The Yakkha sprites. And round about are trees<br>Bearing perpetual fruit; their foliage<br>Swarming with divers birds and jubilant<br>With cry of peacock and of heron and the song<br>Melodious of the&nbsp;<em>kokil\u0101.<\/em>&nbsp;There too<br>You hear the&nbsp;<em>j\u012bva<\/em>-bird who calls &#8216;Live ye!<br>Live ye!&#8217; and he who sings &#8216;O lift your hearts!&#8217;<br>And many another bird of wood and lake<br>With noisy parrots and the gentler song<br>Of myna-birds and harpies called by men<br>Rod-mannikins. Aye in her beauty lies<br>The livelong day Kuvera&#8217;s lotus-lake.<br>And looking hence our people designate<br>That quarter of the firmament as North.<br>Custodian of this quarter is a king<br>Of brilliant retinue, the sovereign lord<br>Of Yakkhas, by the name Kuvera known.<br>Attended by the Yakkhas he enjoys<br>Their songs and dances. Many are his sons,<br>Of one name and the same, so have I heard.<br>Eighty and ten and one the tale of them;<br>Inda their name and mighty is their strength.<br>They too beholding Buddha kin o&#8217; the sun,<br>Mighty, serene, acclaim him from afar:<br>Hail thou., humanity s aristocrat!<br>Glory to thee, thou highest among men!<br>&#8216;Tis by thy goodness thou hast looked on us.<br>We though we be not human worship thee.<br>Full often have we heard the question asked:<br>&#8216;The conqueror do ye worships GOTAMA?&#8217;<br>Therefore do we on this wise utterance make:<br>&#8216;The conqueror we do worship, GOTAMA,<br>In wisdom&#8217;s lore and conduct throughly versed.<br>The Buddha do we worships GOTAMA.&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This, dear Sir, is the ward rune,<br>whereby both brethren and sisters of the Order,<br>and laymen and laywomen<br>may dwell at ease,<br>guarded,<br>protected<br>and unscathed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>When any brother or sister,<br>layman or laywoman<br>shall have well learnt this \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da spell,<br>and shall know it word-perfectly,<br>if any non-human creature,<br>whether it be a Yakkha of either sex,<br>young or otherwise,<br>chief or attendant,<br>or servant,<br>or a Gandhabba,<br>or a Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0da,<br>or a N\u0101ga,<br>of either sex,<br>young or otherwise,<br>chief<br>or attendant<br>or servant,<br>should approach him or her<br>while walking,<br>standing,<br>sitting<br>or lying down,<br>with malevolent intent,<br>such a creature, dear sir,<br>would not win,<br>either in village or township,<br>hospitality or respect.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Such a creature, dear sir,<br>would obtain at my royal city of \u0100\u1e37akamand\u0101<br>neither site nor dwelling.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>He would not be received<br>in any assembly of Yakkhas.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And he would not be taken or given in marriage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And when his trial was over,<br>the public of creatures non-human<br>would heap contumely upon him,<br>and they would bend down his head<br>like an empty bowl,<br>and split it in seven pieces.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>9. There are creatures not human, dear sir,<br>who are rough,<br>irascible,<br>violent.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>They heed neither the [four] kings,<br>nor the officers of the kings,<br>nor their men.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>They are called rebels against the four kings.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Even as brigand chiefs<br>suppressed by the king of Magadha,<br>so do they act.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Now if any Yakkha whatever,<br>or Gandhabba,<br>Kumbha\u1e47\u1e0da<br>or N\u0101ga<br>should approach a brother or sister of the Order,<br>or a lay-disciple,<br>walking,<br>standing,<br>sitting<br>or lying,<br>with malevolent intent,<br>then should [the molested one] incite<br>and cry aloud<br>and shout to those Yakkhas,<br>the Great Yakkhas,<br>their generals and commanders,<br>saying:<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>&#8216;This Yakkha is seizing me,<br>is assailing me,<br>is hurting,<br>injuring,<br>harming me,<br>and will not let me go!&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Which are the Yakkhas<br>[to whom appeal should be made]?<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Inda, Soma and Varuna,<br>Bh\u0101radv\u0101ja, Paj\u0101pati,<br>Candana, K\u0101masettha too,<br>Kinnugha\u1e47\u1e0du and Nigha\u1e47\u1e0du<br>Pan\u0101da, Opama\u00f1\u00f1a too,<br>Devas\u016bta and M\u0101tali,<br>Cittasena the Gandhabba,<br>Na\u1e37a, R\u0101ja, Janesabha<br>S\u0101t\u0101gira Hemavata,<br>Pu\u1e47\u1e47aka, Karatiya, Gula.<br>S\u012bvaka Mucalinda too<br>Vess\u0101mitta, Yugandhara,<br>Gop\u0101la, Suppagedha too,<br>Hir\u012b, Nett\u012b and Mandiya,<br>Pa\u00f1c\u0101laca\u1e47\u1e0da \u0100\u1e37avaka,<br>Pajunna, Sumana, Sumukha,<br>Dadhimukha, Mani,<br>M\u0101nicara, D\u012bgha,<br>With these Serissaka.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>These are the Yakkhas,<br>the Greater Yakkhas,<br>the commanders,<br>the chief commanders,<br>who should be invoked.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This, dear sir,<br>is the ward rune<br>whereby both brethren and sisters of the Order,<br>and laymen and laywomen<br>may dwell at ease,<br>guarded,<br>protected<br>and unscathed.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Well, dear sir,<br>now we take our leave;<br>we have many duties,<br>much to do.&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>That, sires, is whenever you think fit.&#8221;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Then the Four King&#8217;s arose from their seat,<br>and saluting the Exalted One<br>passed round him by his right<br>and there and then vanished.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And the Yakkhas arose from their seat<br>some following the procedure of the four kings,<br>some exchanging with the Exalted One<br>friendly and courteous salutations,<br>some stretching forth clasped hands,<br>some announcing their name and family,<br>some keeping silence.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>And so all there and then vanished.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>13. Learn by heart, brethren,<br>the \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da ward&nbsp;<a><strong>[197]<\/strong><\/a>&nbsp;rune,<br>master it and recollect it.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>This rune, brethren,<br>pertains to your good<br>and by it brethren and sisters of the Order,<br>laymen and laywomen<br>may dwell at ease,<br>guarded,<br>protected<br>and unscathed.&#8221;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Thus spake the Exalted One.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>The brethren were pleased and delighted at his words.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Here ends the \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6diya Suttanta.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:separator -->\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator\"\/>\n<!-- \/wp:separator -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn1\">1<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Bud. Psych. Ethics,<\/em>&nbsp;p. 265,&nbsp;<em>n.<\/em>&nbsp;1; 269,&nbsp;<em>n.<\/em>&nbsp;3.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn2\">2<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/chld\/kd\/khp\/khp.chld.htm#VI\"><em>J.R.A.S.,<\/em>&nbsp;Nov., 1869.<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn3\">3<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/indexes\/sutta\/kd\/snp\/idx_snp.htm#snp13\">II, i;<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/sbe\/kd\/snp\/kd.snp.faus.sbe.htm#pg37\"><em>S.B.E.<\/em>&nbsp;X, p. 37 f.<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn4\">4<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;Mora-J\u0101taka II,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/kd\/jat\/jat.2\/jat.2.159.rous.pts.htm\">No. 159<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn5\">5<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Kindred Sayings<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/sn\/01_sagv\/sn01.11.001-025.rhyc.pts.htm#sn.1.11.3\">I, 283.<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn6\">6<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pali\/mn\/mn.086.pali.bd.htm#pg104\">Vol. II, 104&nbsp;<em>f.;<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;<em>Pss. of the Brethren<\/em>&nbsp;(probably only),&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/kd\/thag\/thag.255.rhyc.pts.htm#v874\">verses 874-6.<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn7\">7<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/indexes\/sutta\/vp\/idx_vinaya.pitaka.htm\"><em>Vinaya Texts<\/em><\/a>&nbsp;III, p, 76. The A\u1e45guttara Sutta is termed Ahinda, &#8216;lord of snakes.&#8217; [<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/backmatter\/indexes\/sutta\/an\/idx_04_catukkanipata.htm#p67\">AN 4.67<\/a>]<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn8\">8<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;Chapter IX, p. 313. According to the&nbsp;<em>S\u0101san\u0101lank\u0101ra<\/em>&nbsp;quoted in Gray&#8217;s&nbsp;<em>Buddhaghosuppatti,<\/em>&nbsp;p. 15, Buddhaghosa was about to write a Commentary on the Paritt\u0101s, when he was sent to a greater work in Ceylon.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn9\">9<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;See our article on Truth (Buddhist)&nbsp;<em>Ency. Religion and Ethics.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn10\">10<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;On these see II,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.18.rhyt.pts.htm#pg242\">242,<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.19.rhyt.pts.htm#pg258\">258,<\/a>&nbsp;the &#8216;genii&#8217; presiding over the four quarters of the firmament. &#8216;Great king&#8217; is more literal than correct. Only a&nbsp;<em>&#8216;mahar\u0101j\u0101&#8217;<\/em>&nbsp;deserves to be rendered by king in our sense of the word.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn11\">11<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>I.e.,<\/em>&nbsp;of their luminous skin, says B., commenting here as on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/sn\/01_sagv\/sn01.01.001-010.rhyc.pts.htm#sn.1.1.1\"><em>S.<\/em>&nbsp;I, I.<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn12\">12<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Yakkh\u0101.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn13\">13<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;See the identical formula in&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.23.rhyt.pts.htm#pg350\">II, 350.<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn14\">14<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;King of the northern quarter; &#8216;intimate with the Buddha, expert in conversation, well-trained, and hence the spokesman.&#8217;&nbsp;<em>Comy.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn15\">15<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;Fairy is&nbsp;<em>yakkha.<\/em>&nbsp;We have no legendary being whom the Pali word quite fits. See our&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/sn\/01_sagv\/sn01.10.001.rhyc.pts.htm#n1\">note 1.&nbsp;<em>Kindred Sayings<\/em>&nbsp;I, p. 262.<\/a>&nbsp;&#8216;Genie&#8217; is fairly approximate. All these non-human creatures had bodies, hence &#8216;spirits&#8217; is not very suitable.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn16\">16<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Cf.<\/em>&nbsp;Vol.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.23.rhyt.pts.htm#pg357\">II, 357;<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.25.rhyt.pts.htm#pg35\">III, 35.<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn17\">17<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;The Buddha acquiesces as if he did not know this&nbsp;<em>rakshamantra<\/em>&nbsp;(here called&nbsp;<em>rakkha\u0271.)<\/em>&nbsp;To safeguard the doctrine of his omniscience, the Commentary explains the king&#8217;s word as intended to create an opportunity for others to learn, Gotama lending the undertaking the prestige of his authority.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn18\">18<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;The Commentary calls this a town.&nbsp;<em>Cf.<\/em>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#pg193\">below, p. 193.<\/a><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn19\">19<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;Each attribute, writes B., is equally applicable to each of the Buddhas &#8230; all were&nbsp;<em>Ang\u012brasas<\/em>&nbsp;because of the emission of rays.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn20\">20<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;B. apparently interprets these (who are &#8216;freed&#8217;:&nbsp;<em>nibbuta<\/em>&nbsp;by the Nibb\u0101na of the&nbsp;<em>kilesas<\/em>) as Arahants. But, he says, &#8216;the Commentary&#8217; refers this and the next two lines to the Buddhas, and in the fourth line only understands &#8216;the wise&#8217; to be meant.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn21\">21<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Hita\u0271,<\/em>&nbsp;by the suffusion of love.&nbsp;<em>Comy.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn22\">22<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Aditiy\u0101 putto.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn23\">23<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Sa\u1e45var\u012b,<\/em>&nbsp;a name for night, elsewhere found only in a later work : the&nbsp;<em>J\u0101taka Comy.<\/em>&nbsp;IV, 441<sup>6<\/sup>; VI, 243<sup>13<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn24\">24<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;Namely, from Mt. Sineru, or from where they were seated.&nbsp;<em>Comy.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn25\">25<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Purim\u0101<\/em>&nbsp;= both &#8216;east,&#8217; and &#8216;first&#8217; or &#8216;former.&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn26\">26<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Cf.<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Pss. of the Brethren,<\/em>&nbsp;ver.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/kd\/thag\/thag.242.rhyc.pts.htm#v629\">629,<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/kd\/thag\/thag.261.rhyc.pts.htm#v1084\">1084,<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/kd\/thag\/thag.263.rhyc.pts.htm#v1179\">1179.<\/a>&nbsp;The Pali formula is the same in each passage.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn27\">27<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;These lines are not part of the formula elsewhere. &#8216;By, or with, goodness&#8217;:&nbsp;<em>kusalena,<\/em>&nbsp;a curious, unusual phrase. B. gives &#8216;pure wisdom,&#8217; &#8216;omniscience&#8217; as alternative meanings.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn28\">28<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Pacchima<\/em>&nbsp;is both &#8216;West&#8217; and &#8216;last.&#8217;<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn29\">29<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;Usually called Sineru.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn30\">30<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;So B. &#8216;no woman property&#8217;; no &#8216;mineness&#8217; which says &#8216;this is my wife&#8217;; and no desire for possession.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn31\">31<\/a>]<\/sup><em>Aka\u1e6d\u1e6dha-p\u0101k ima\u0271 s\u0101li\u0271<\/em>&nbsp;is apparently the right reading.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn32\">32<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;So B. explains&nbsp;<em>tu\u1e47\u1e0dik\u012bre.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn33\">33<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Ta\u0271 pitthi abhiruyha<\/em>&nbsp;is B.&#8217;s only explanation of the curious term&nbsp;<em>ekakhura\u0271 katv\u0101.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn34\">34<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Aparena,<\/em>&nbsp;<em>Comy.<\/em>&nbsp;<em>aparabh\u0101ge.<\/em>&nbsp;Not &#8216;on the west,&#8217; as in Grimblot.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn35\">35<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;The double name of one city; so&nbsp;<em>Comy.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn36\">36<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;According to tradition, he was in a former birth a very charitable sugar-growing brahmin.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn37\">37<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;So&nbsp;<em>Comy.<\/em>&nbsp;reading for&nbsp;<em>yatto, yato.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn38\">38<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;So the&nbsp;<em>Comy.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn39\">39<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;<em>Kukutthaka, kul\u012braka, and pokkharas\u0101taka<\/em>&nbsp;are specified.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><sup>[<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.32.rhyt.pts.htm#fn40\">40<\/a>]<\/sup>&nbsp;See&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/obo.genaud.net\/dhamma-vinaya\/pts\/dn\/dn.03.rhyt.pts_appendix.htm\">Appendix,<\/a>&nbsp;giving references to works in the Pi\u1e6dakas, where certain of these names are met with.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-fa26e2f elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-space-between elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"fa26e2f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7773a1e\" data-id=\"7773a1e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1bde8d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e1bde8d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"section\" data-elementor-id=\"29369\" class=\"elementor elementor-29369\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-263b597c elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"263b597c\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-134cd20d\" data-id=\"134cd20d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6bcd0b6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6bcd0b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\">\n\t\t\t\t<p>T\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u Kinh t\u1ea1ng Nikaya &#8211; T\u00e2m h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 cu\u1ed1n s\u00e1ch Online gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 b\u1ed9 kinh Nikaya , c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch v\u00e0 ch\u00fa gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c T\u00e2m H\u1ecdc so\u1ea1n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n \u0111\u00e1ng t\u00edn c\u1eady tr\u00ean m\u1ea1ng internet.<\/p><p>Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y v\u1eabn l\u00e0 s\u00e1ch ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb tham kh\u1ea3o , mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ee7 quan c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3&nbsp; T\u00e2m h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Home Sacred Books of the BuddhistsVolume IV D\u012bgha Nik\u0101ya Dialogues of the BuddhaPart III Sutta 32 \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6diya Suttanta\u0271 The Ward Rune of \u0100\u1e6d\u0101n\u0101\u1e6da Translated from the Pali by&nbsp;T.W.\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":35356,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_canvas","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[375],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-35458","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-kinh-truong-bo-eng"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35458","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=35458"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35458\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":36924,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35458\/revisions\/36924"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/35356"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=35458"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=35458"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=35458"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=35458"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}