{"id":5783,"date":"2020-10-31T19:54:21","date_gmt":"2020-10-31T19:54:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/10\/31\/giao-ly-trung-dao\/"},"modified":"2020-10-31T19:54:21","modified_gmt":"2020-10-31T19:54:21","slug":"giao-ly-trung-dao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/10\/31\/giao-ly-trung-dao\/","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd trung \u0111\u1ea1o"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Trung \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n trung dung c\u1edfi m\u1edf kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00e2m s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n (M\u0101dhyamaka, M\u0101dhyamika).<\/p>\n

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> Trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh tu th\u00f9 th\u1eafng nh\u1ea5t<\/a><\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebf gi\u00e1o l\u00fd Trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 xa l\u00eca hai l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng truy hoan c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, hay tr\u00e1nh hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan cho r\u1eb1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n hay \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, th\u00ec Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn g\u00f3c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e2m l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

Trung \u0111\u1ea1o (madhyam\u0101-pratipad) l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00e1nh xa hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, sau khi s\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 trong ho\u00e0ng cung, v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua 6 n\u0103m tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, nh\u1edd con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

\"L\u00e0
\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni.<\/h2>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

K\u1ec1 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, trung \u0111\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb tinh th\u1ea7n trung dung c\u1edfi m\u1edf kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc th\u00e2m s\u00e2u c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i Trung qu\u00e1n (M\u0101dhyamaka, M\u0101dhyamika).<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb \u00fd ngh\u0129a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh xa hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: H\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh tr\u00e1nh hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: ch\u1ea5p h\u1eefu v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p v\u00f4, ch\u1ea5p \u0111o\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ea5t nh\u1ecb, n\u00f3i chung l\u00e0 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, d\u00f9 l\u00e0 b\u00ean n\u00e0y hay b\u00ean kia. T\u1eeb \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u00f4 ch\u1ea5p n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o, trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Duy\u00ean kh\u1edfi, trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t ngh\u0129a kh\u00f4ng. L\u1ebd t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean m\u1ed7i kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Trung \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00e1c nhau, d\u00f9 \u00edt hay nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang c\u0169ng mang \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c nhau, c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 d\u1ecb bi\u1ec7t, nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba (Mah\u02c6-y\u02c6na), kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t chi ly.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft n\u00e0y, t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf t\u1eebng \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 qua c\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng B\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i.<\/p>\n

1. Kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 trung \u0111\u1ea1o<\/strong><\/h3>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ai l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u0110\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni. Ng\u00e0i v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 (Kapila-vastu), l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi con duy nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (\u015auddhodana). Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n, khi ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t gia Ng\u00e0i s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea7u h\u1ea1 nu\u00f4ng chi\u1ec1u trong ho\u00e0ng cung. M\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00ec c\u00f3 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n \u1ea5m \u00e1p cho m\u00f9a \u0111\u00f4ng, m\u00f9a h\u00e8 th\u00ec c\u0169ng c\u00f3 cung \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u00e1t m\u1ebb cho m\u00f9a h\u00e8, cung phi m\u1ef9 n\u1eef, ca m\u00faa, ti\u1ec7c t\u00f9ng v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 k\u1ec3. Tr\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5, t\u1ef1 Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y trong \u1ea5y v\u1eabn \u1ea9n t\u00e0ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea7m m\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, cho Ho\u00e0ng cung v\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia. Qu\u1ea3 quy\u1ebft s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt, cho n\u00ean v\u00e0o n\u0103m 29 tu\u1ed5i (B\u1eafc truy\u1ec1n cho l\u00e0 19 tu\u1ed5i) Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 xu\u1ea5t gia t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

\"Ch\u1edb
\n

Ch\u1edb c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, h\u00e5 li\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n, ph\u00e0m phu, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh m\u1eaft, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn an t\u1ecbnh, th\u1eafng tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.\u201d<\/h2>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Theo \u2018Kinh Th\u00e1nh C\u1ea7u\u2019 (Ariyapariyesanasuttam) trong \u201cKinh Trung B\u1ed9\u201d t\u1eadp 1 ghi r\u1eb1ng, sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n t\u1eeb b\u1ecf gia \u0111\u00ecnh, xu\u1ea5t gia h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o, trong 6 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 theo tu h\u1ecdc ph\u00e1p tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 danh ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 Alara Kalama v\u00e0 Uddaka Ramaputta, Ng\u00e0i si\u00eang n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, nh\u1ecbn \u0103n u\u1ed1ng, cho \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u0103n m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t m\u00e8, th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 Ng\u00e0i g\u1ea7y c\u00f2m, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n da b\u1ecdc x\u01b0\u01a1ng, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9 qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb cao nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 hai v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 n\u00e0y tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1, th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng, Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng \u00edch g\u00ec, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng xu\u1ea5t gia, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i kh\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, cho n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb b\u1ecf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, sau khi t\u1eeb b\u1ecf n\u01a1i tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Ni Li\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n, Ng\u00e0i th\u1ecd nh\u1eadn b\u00e1t s\u1eefa t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103n c\u1eebu, Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe d\u1ea7n v\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n minh m\u1eabn, ch\u00ednh s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap Ng\u00e0i tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o, tr\u00e1nh hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. Nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trong nhi\u1ec1u kinh trong A h\u00e0m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Nik\u02c6ya, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u2018Kinh V\u00f4 Tr\u00e1nh Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t\u2019 trong \u201cKinh Trung B\u1ed9\u201d t\u1eadp 3, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cCh\u1edb c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, h\u00e5 li\u1ec7t, \u0111\u00ea ti\u1ec7n, ph\u00e0m phu, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec t\u1ef1 k\u1ef7 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, \u0111au kh\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng x\u1ee9ng b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh, kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean h\u1ec7 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. T\u1eeb b\u1ecf hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u1ea5y, c\u00f3 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh m\u1eaft, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn an t\u1ecbnh, th\u1eafng tr\u00ed, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.\u201d1<\/p>\n

\"Theo
\n

Theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t.<\/h2>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

N\u1ed9i dung \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u1eeba d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef7 kheo hay n\u00f3i \u0111\u00fang h\u01a1n l\u00e0 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean r\u01a1i v\u00e0o hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan l\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 hay s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \u00e9p x\u00e1c. Theo Ng\u00e0i hai l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng ? \u0110\u1ec3 cho v\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang th\u1eed t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u ph\u00e1i duy v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Ajita Kesa Kambala, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 6 ph\u00e1i tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc. Ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi trong \u201cKinh T\u1ea1p A h\u00e0m\u201d s\u1ed1 154 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cDo c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec, do kh\u1edfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec, do h\u1ec7 l\u1ee5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec, do \u0111\u1eafm \u0111u\u1ed1i c\u00e1i g\u00ec, do th\u1ea5y ng\u00e3 n\u01a1i c\u00e1i g\u00ec, khi\u1ebfn cho ch\u00fang sanh th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y, n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 v\u1ea7y: \u2018Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng h\u1ed9i t\u1ebf, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fa thuy\u1ebft, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 cha m\u1eb9, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fang sanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ebf gian, trong th\u1ebf gian kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 A-la-h\u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eadc ch\u00e1nh h\u00e0nh, ch\u00e1nh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y hay \u0111\u1eddi sau…\u201d2<\/p>\n

Ajita Kesa Kambala l\u00e0 v\u1ecb t\u1ed5 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Duy v\u1eadt, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thu\u1eadn Th\u1ebf, cho r\u1eb1ng 4 \u0111\u1ea1i: \u0111\u1ecba, th\u1ee7y, h\u1ecfa, phong l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi do 4 \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00e0y h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. Ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a linh h\u1ed3n hay ng\u00e3, ch\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ebft, t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cho t\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ea1i, ngo\u00e0i 4 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n g\u00ec. Do v\u1eady, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 truy t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1eefng kho\u00e1i l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3, ngay khi m\u00ecnh c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfi h\u1ed1i h\u1eadn v\u1ec1 sau. V\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng ta \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c, cho r\u1eb1ng: Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e1o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0nh, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u00e0y, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fd m\u1eb9 cha lu\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee3 ch\u1ed3ng con c\u00e1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3….m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t sau khi ch\u1ebft, cho n\u00ean cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee9 tha h\u1ed3 h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1ea1c, th\u00e2m ch\u00ed l\u1ea1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, c\u01b0\u1edbp c\u1ee7a hay gi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u01b0\u1edbp gi\u1eadt v\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi…<\/p>\n

\"Sau
\n

Sau khi chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ti\u00eau x\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai.<\/h2>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Theo \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, th\u1eadt ra kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng nguy hi\u1ec3m cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f2n g\u00e2y nguy hi\u1ec3m cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo n\u00ean t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong \u201cKinh T\u1ea1p A h\u00e0m\u201d Kinh s\u1ed1 912 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 ba h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu, t\u1ee5c t\u1eed, qu\u00ea m\u00f9a th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m…<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, nh\u1eefng g\u00ec l\u00e0 ba h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c, thu\u1ed9c h\u00e0ng ph\u00e0m phu t\u1ee5c t\u1eed qu\u00ea m\u00f9a th\u1ea5p k\u00e9m ? L\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch l\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i an vui cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cha m\u1eb9, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho anh em, v\u1ee3 con, k\u1ebb \u1edf, b\u00e0 con quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 quen bi\u1ebft; c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y th\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o an l\u1ea1c n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, mong \u0111\u1eddi sau sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c \u1edf th\u1ebf gian.<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm t\u00e0i v\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, ph\u1ee5ng d\u01b0\u1ee1ng cho cha m\u1eb9, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho anh em, v\u1ee3 con, k\u1ebb l\u00e0m, b\u00e0 con quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 quen bi\u1ebft; nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng t\u00f9y th\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o an l\u1ea1c n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, mong \u0111\u1eddi sau sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 hai h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n

\u201cL\u1ea1i n\u1eefa, n\u00e0y th\u00f4n tr\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f3 k\u1ebb h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng ph\u00e1p t\u00ecm c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i v\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng l\u1ea1m chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng cho ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh, cung ph\u1ee5ng cho cha m\u1eb9, cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 cho anh em, v\u1ee3 con, k\u1ebb \u1edf, b\u00e0 con quy\u1ebfn thu\u1ed9c, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 quen bi\u1ebft, c\u0169ng t\u00f9y th\u1eddi c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho Sa-m\u00f4n, B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o an l\u1ea1c n\u01a1i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p, mong \u0111\u1eddi sau sanh l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi. \u0110\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 ba h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c\u201d.3<\/p>\n

\"V\u00ec
\n

V\u00ec theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hai t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u.<\/h2>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Qua n\u1ed9i dung \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u1eeba d\u1eabn, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp 3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng: Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c r\u1ed3i phung ph\u00ed bu\u00f4ng x\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c ti\u00eau x\u00e0i, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho s\u1ef1 tham mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 chia x\u1ebb cho v\u1ee3 con, cha m\u1eb9, anh em, ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n v\u00e0 ngay c\u1ea3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb sa m\u00f4n B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai .Th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh l\u1ea1m d\u1ee5ng chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Sau khi chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y ti\u00eau x\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 vui s\u01b0\u1edbng, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Sa m\u00f4n, B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n, \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ea7u ph\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00e1o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Th\u1ee9 ba, l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 chi\u1ebfm \u0111o\u1ea1t b\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh, b\u1eb1ng s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau khi ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ec1n t\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, bi\u1ebft ph\u00e2n chia gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 cho v\u1ee3 con, cha m\u1eb9, anh ch\u1ecb em v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi bi\u1ebft b\u1ed1 th\u00ed c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng cho Sa m\u00f4n B\u00e0 la m\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 mong c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3 b\u00e1o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Trong 3 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u00e0i v\u1eadt n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ee9 3. Qua \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ngh\u0129a tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 ti\u00eau x\u00e0i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n h\u1ee3p l\u00fd v\u00e0 ti\u00eau x\u00e0i h\u1ee3p l\u00fd th\u00ec v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd r\u1eb1ng, d\u1eabu r\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n m\u00ecnh ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c l\u1ea1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch v\u00f4 \u0111\u1ed9, c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ecd d\u1ee5ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, v\u00ec sao?<\/p>\n

\"Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng
\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, bi\u1ebft thi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5c tri t\u00fac, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh<\/h2>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00ec theo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hai t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 x\u1ea5u: N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 \u00edch ch\u1ec9 khi n\u00e0o th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5ng h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, gi\u00fap cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u1ecfe m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecbnh t\u1eadt; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 x\u1ea5u, v\u00ec ch\u00fang s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 b\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1n, kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea1nh kh\u1ecfe, \u0103n u\u1ed1ng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9, dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u00e1 cao m\u00e0 th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau h\u00f3a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh b\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1n. Qua c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, ch\u1ee9ng b\u1ecbnh thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 \u0103n u\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecbnh b\u00e9o ph\u00ec, m\u1ee1 trong m\u00e1u… \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c \u0103n u\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1ea1i sao \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u1ea3n b\u00e1c c\u1ef1c \u0111oan th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch , nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1i K\u1ef3 Na gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng. \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ed1i tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0 \u201a\u2019 ‘Ti\u1ec3u Kinh Kh\u1ed5 U\u1ea9n\u2019 trong \u201cKinh Trung B\u1ed9\u201d t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00e0y Mah\u00e0n\u00e0ma, m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi Ta \u1edf t\u1ea1i Rajagaha (V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1), tr\u00ean n\u00fai Gijjhakuta (Linh Th\u1ee9u). L\u00fac b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u Ni ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed (Nigantha) t\u1ea1i s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai Isigili, tr\u00ean Kalasila (H\u1eafc Nham), \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd th\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au, kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t, b\u00e9n nh\u1ea1y… “4<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh m\u1eaft Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n tr\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed t\u1ea1i s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai Isigili th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, h\u1ecd su\u1ed1t ng\u00e0y su\u1ed1t \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1eb3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ed3i hay n\u1eb1m, ho\u1eb7c n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean gai, n\u1eb1m b\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft h\u00f4i th\u1ed1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0103n kh\u00f4ng u\u1ed1ng\u2026 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 \u0111au kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t. V\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch truy t\u00ecm s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. Nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd l\u00fd gi\u1ea3i:<\/p>\n

\u201cNigantha Nataputta – l\u00e0 b\u1eadc to\u00e0n tri, to\u00e0n ki\u1ebfn… V\u1ecb \u1ea5y n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 sau: N\u00e0y c\u00e1c Nigantha, n\u1ebfu x\u01b0a kia Ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p, h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea5y ti\u00eau m\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ch\u00ednh do s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec v\u1ec1 th\u00e2n, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec v\u1ec1 l\u1eddi n\u00f3i, s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9 tr\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u00fd ngay trong hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, \u1edf t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady ch\u00ednh nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 thi\u00eau \u0111\u1ed1t, s\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Do s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb; do nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb; do kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb; do c\u1ea3m th\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 kh\u1ed5 \u0111au s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau m\u00f2n…”5<\/p>\n

\"S\u1ef1
\n

S\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au…, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh xa hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o,<\/h2>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Qua n\u1ed9i dung \u0111o\u1ea1n kinh v\u1eeba d\u1eabn, v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch, mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, l\u00e0m cho th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u00e0ng \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u1ed1c li\u1ec7t bao nhi\u00eau th\u00ec c\u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p \u00e1c c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau m\u00f2n s\u1edbm. S\u1ef1 l\u00e0m ti\u00eau m\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u00e1c nghi\u1ec7p khi\u1ebfn cho th\u00e2n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh, gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi quan \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec7t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o cho r\u1eb1ng, trong 3 nghi\u1ec7p, \u00fd nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, th\u00e2n c\u00f3 l\u00e0m \u00e1c, mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3i l\u1eddi \u00e1c, \u0111\u1ec1u do \u00fd ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Do v\u1eady, ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c kh\u1ed5 \u0111au phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 do v\u00f4 minh, mu\u1ed1n di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y minh t\u1ee9c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 , \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o cho th\u00e2n v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n n\u00f3i n\u0103ng h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi h\u1ee3p l\u00fd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda h\u00e0nh h\u1ea1 th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, n\u1ebfu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, th\u00ec nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00f9 kh\u1ed5 sai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta.<\/p>\n

Do v\u1eady, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tu t\u1eadp trong Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tu t\u1eadp kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7, bi\u1ebft thi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5c tri t\u00fac, v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m s\u1ed1ng d\u1eady Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, khi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u1ecdn \u0111u\u1ed1c ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 b\u00f3ng t\u1ed1i v\u00f4 minh, c\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee9t s\u1ee3i gi\u00e2y phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o. Th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng thi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5c tri t\u00fac ? L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft h\u1ed5 th\u1eb9n, bi\u1ebft v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u1eefng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebfu th\u1ed1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111ua \u0111\u00f2i, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ebft c\u00e1i n\u00e0y r\u1ed3i l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n c\u00e1i kh\u00e1c. M\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i, cho n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u00e0o l\u00e0m ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n cho s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, s\u1ef1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 d\u1ee5c v\u1ecdng qu\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan; ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ecda \u0111\u00e0y th\u00e2n x\u00e1c c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ef1c \u0111oan, c\u1ea3 hai l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng mang l\u1ea1i l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho m\u00ecnh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, d\u1ef1 ph\u1ea7n phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o, mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 \u0111au…, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khuy\u00ean ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh xa hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 n\u00ean s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng Trung \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan qu\u00e1 thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ef1 hay thi\u00ean v\u1ec1 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Trung \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 sau khi Ng\u00e0i tr\u1ea3i qua hai l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 l\u00fd do t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o (S. \u00eery\u0152\u2022\u00ca\u0152vgika-m\u0152rga, P. Ariya a\u00ca\u00caha\u00bagika magga), nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ng\u00e0i tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y trong \u2018Kinh C\u00e2u L\u00e2u S\u1ea5u V\u00f4 Tr\u00e1nh\u2019 trong \u201cKinh Trung A h\u00e0m\u201d nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201c Xa l\u00eca hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 trung \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh con m\u1eaft, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n\u2019. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3i l\u00ean v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n n\u00e0o ? \u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u00e1m chi, t\u1eeb ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 t\u00e1m. Do b\u1edfi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y m\u00e0 n\u00f3i: Xa l\u00eca hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan n\u00e0y th\u00ec c\u00f3 trung \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh con m\u1eaft, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh tr\u00ed t\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i, t\u00e1c th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u00ed, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n.\u201d6<\/p>\n

\"C\u00e1i
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C\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o? Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d7<\/h2>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u2018Ph\u1ea9m Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n\u2019 trong \u201cKinh \u0110\u1ea1i Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Qu\u1ea3ng Ph\u1eadt Hoa Nghi\u00eam\u201d c\u0169ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch Trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2018B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o\u2019 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n

\u201cPh\u1eadt d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo\u2026c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft, ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t gia c\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i. C\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 hai? M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u00e2m \u0111\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o c\u1ea3nh d\u1ee5c, kh\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u00e1t ly c\u1ea3nh n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ea1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0m phu v\u00f4 tri h\u1ea1 li\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eaft, v\u00ec n\u00f3 ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n mang l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 ly d\u1ee5c, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, c\u0169ng ch\u1eb3ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n. Hai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy s\u1ebd mang l\u1ea1i kh\u1ed5 n\u00e3o t\u1ef1 th\u00e2n, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 kh\u1ed5 trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu kh\u1ed5 qu\u1ea3 \u1edf hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Do v\u1eady, c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1eeb b\u1ecf hai lo\u1ea1i n\u00e0y. Ta nay v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u00f4ng n\u00f3i ph\u00e1p Trung \u0111\u1ea1o, c\u00e1c T\u1ef7 kheo c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eafng nghe. C\u00e1i g\u00ec g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Trung \u0111\u1ea1o? Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn, ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy, ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef, ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p, ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng, ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n, ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d7<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta th\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: T\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o hai l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh? M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh (avidy\u0152), do v\u00f4 minh kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang sai, ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea5y, ch\u00e1nh t\u00e0, cho n\u00ean cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 sai, cho vi\u1ec7c sai l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o kh\u1ed5 \u0111au. Mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00f4 minh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1eafp s\u00e1ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng B\u00e1t ch\u00e1nh, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0: 1. Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn (P. samma – ditthati), 2. Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy (P. samma – sankappa), 3. Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef (P. samma – vaca), 4. Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p (P. samma – kammanta), 5. Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng (P. samma – ajiva), 6. Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n (P. samma – vayama), 7. Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m (P. samma – sati), 8. Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh (P. samm\u02c6dhiti). C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh; v\u00ec c\u00f3 suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh cho n\u00ean n\u00f3i l\u1eddi ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u0169ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh; c\u0169ng nh\u1edd ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy n\u00e0y, cho n\u00ean s\u1ef1 n\u1ed5 l\u1ef1c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb \u1ea5y c\u0169ng ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, ni\u1ec7m c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01a1n ch\u00e1nh, do ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh, cho n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1ea5y s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong \u0111\u1ecbnh; ai s\u1ed1ng trong \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7; ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang vi\u1ec7c sai, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t thi\u1ec7n, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ea1i m\u00ecnh h\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, nh\u1edd bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 v\u1eady cho n\u00ean v\u1ecb \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng r\u01a1i v\u00e0o hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan n\u00e0y. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u2018B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o\u2019.<\/p>\n

\"T\u1ea1i
\n

T\u1ea1i sao con ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea1i r\u01a1i v\u00e0o hai l\u1ed1i s\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c \u0111oan: bu\u00f4ng th\u1ea3 trong vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u1eadt d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0y \u0111\u1ecda th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng l\u1ed1i tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh? M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, ch\u00fang ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb v\u00f4 minh .<\/h2>\n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam t\u00fac m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m Trung \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00e0y, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp trung \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01b0\u1edfng th\u1ee5 v\u00e0 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u00fd ngh\u0129a duy nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Trung \u0111\u1ea1o, t\u1eeb kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y v\u1ec1 sau di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh l\u00fd lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111o\u00e5n l\u00e0 hai c\u1ef1c \u0111oan v\u1ec1 tri ki\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd. \u1ede m\u1ee5c hai ph\u1ea7n d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

(C\u00f2n ti\u1ebfp)<\/em><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fa th\u00edch:<\/em><\/p>\n

1. HT. Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh Trung B\u1ed9\u201d t\u1eadp 3, Vi\u1ec7n NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh, 2001, trang 528.<\/em><\/p>\n

2. Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh T\u1ea1p A h\u00e0m\u201d trong b\u1ed9 \u201cLinh S\u01a1n Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh\u201d t\u1eadp 5, H\u1ed9i V\u0103n H\u00f3a Gi\u00e1o D\u1ee5c Linh S\u01a1n \u0110\u00e0i B\u1eafc xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, 2000, trang 747.<\/em><\/p>\n

3. Th\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1eafng d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh T\u1ea1p A h\u00e0m\u201d trong b\u1ed9 \u201cLSPB\u0110TK\u201d, t\u1eadp 6, HVHGDLS\u0110B xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, n\u0103m 2000, trang 595.<\/em><\/p>\n

4. HT. Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh Trung B\u1ed9\u201d t\u1eadp 1, Vi\u1ec7n NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh, n\u0103m 1992, trang 212.<\/em><\/p>\n

5. HT. Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh Trung B\u1ed9\u201d t\u1eadp 1, Vi\u1ec7n NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh 1992, trang 213.<\/em><\/p>\n

6. Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh Trung A h\u00e0m\u201d trong b\u1ed9 \u201cLSPB\u0110TK\u201d t\u1eadp 4, HVHGDLS\u0110B xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, n\u0103m 200, trang 466.<\/em><\/p>\n

7. \u300a\u65b9\u5ee3\u5927\u838a\u56b4\u7d93\u300b\u537711\u300826 \u8f49\u6cd5\u8f2a\u54c1\u3009\uff1a\u300c\u4f5b\u544a\u8af8\u6bd4\u4e18…\u6c5d\u7b49\u61c9\u77e5\uff0c\u51fa\u5bb6\u4e4b\u4eba\u6709\u4e8c\u7a2e\u969c\u3002\u4f55\u7b49\u70ba\u4e8c ? \u4e00\u8005\u3001\u5fc3\u8457\u6b32\u5883\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u96e2\uff0c\u662f\u4e0b\u52a3\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u8b58\u51e1\u611a\uff0c\u975e\u8056\u6240\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u61c9\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u975e\u89e3\u812b\u56e0\uff0c\u975e\u96e2\u6b32\u56e0\uff0c\u975e\u795e\u901a\u56e0\uff0c\u975e\u6210\u4f5b\u56e0 \uff0c\u975e\u6d85\u69c3\u56e0\u3002\u4e8c\u8005\u3001\u4e0d\u6b63\u601d\u60df\u81ea\u82e6\u5176\u8eab\u800c\u6c42\u51fa\u96e2\u904e\u73fe\u672a\u4f86\u7686\u53d7\u82e6\u5831\u3002\u6bd4\u4e18\u6c5d\u7b49\u7576\u6368\u5982\u662f\u4e8c\u908a\u3002\u6211\u4eca\u70ba\u6c5d\u8aaa\u65bc\u4e2d\u9053\uff0c\u6c5d \u61c9\u8ae6\u807d\u5e38\u52e4\u4fee\u7fd2\u3002\u4f55\u8b02\u4e2d\u9053?\u6b63\u898b\u3001\u6b63\u601d\u60df\u3001\u6b63\u8a9e\u3001\u6b63\u696d\u3001\u6b63\u547d\u3001\u6b63\u7cbe\u9032\u3001\u6b63\u5ff5\u3001\u6b63\u5b9a\u3002\u5982\u662f\u516b\u6cd5\u540d\u70ba\u4e2d\u9053\u3002\u300d(CBETA, T03, no. 187, p. 607, b13-24).<\/em><\/p>\n

8.\u00a0 Th\u00edch Tu\u1ec7 S\u1ef9 d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh Trung A h\u00e0m\u201d trong b\u1ed9 \u201cLSPB\u0110TK\u201d t\u1eadp 4, HVHGDLS\u0110B xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, n\u0103m 2000, trang 939.<\/em><\/p>\n

9.\u00a0 HT. Minh Ch\u00e2u d\u1ecbch, \u201cKinh T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng\u201d t\u1eadp 2, Vi\u1ec7n NCPHVN \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh, n\u0103m 1993, trang 37.<\/em><\/p>\n

10.\u00a0 \u300a\u5927\u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u7d93\u300b\u537725\u300810 \u5149\u660e\u904d\u7167\u9ad8\u8cb4\u5fb7\u738b\u83e9\u85a9\u54c1\u3009\uff1a(CBETA, T12, no. 374, p. 516, b16-c2).<\/em><\/p>\n

11. \u300a\u5927\u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u7d93\u300b\u537727\u300811 \u5e2b\u5b50\u543c\u83e9\u85a9\u54c1\u3009\uff1a\u300c\u4f5b\u6027\u8005\u540d\u7b2c\u4e00\u7fa9\u7a7a\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7fa9\u7a7a\u540d\u70ba\u667a\u6167\u3002\u6240\u8a00\u7a7a\u8005\u4e0d\u898b\u7a7a\u8207\u4e0d\u7a7a\uff0c\u667a\u8005\u898b\u7a7a\u53ca\u8207\u4e0d\u7a7a\uff0c\u5e38\u8207\u7121\u5e38 \u82e6\u4e4b\u8207\u6a02\u3001\u6211\u8207\u7121\u6211\u3002\u7a7a\u8005\u4e00\u5207\u751f\u6b7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u7a7a\u8005\u8b02\u5927\u6d85\u69c3\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u7121\u6211\u8005\u5373\u662f\u751f\u6b7b\uff0c\u6211\u8005\u8b02\u5927\u6d85\u69c3\u3002\u898b\u4e00\u5207\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e0d\u898b\u4e0d\u7a7a \u4e0d\u540d\u4e2d\u9053\uff0c\u4e43\u81f3\u898b\u4e00\u5207\u7121\u6211\uff0c\u4e0d\u898b\u6211\u8005\u4e0d\u540d\u4e2d\u9053\u3002\u4e2d\u9053\u8005\u540d\u70ba\u4f5b\u6027\uff0c\u4ee5\u662f\u7fa9\u6545\uff0c\u4f5b\u6027\u5e38\u6052\u7121\u6709\u8b8a\u6613\u3002\u7121\u660e\u8986\u6545\u4ee4\u8af8\u773e \u751f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u898b\uff0c\u8072\u805e\u7de3\u89ba\u898b\u4e00\u5207\u7a7a\u4e0d\u898b\u4e0d\u7a7a\u3002\u4e43\u81f3\u898b\u4e00\u5207\u7121\u6211\u4e0d\u898b\u65bc\u6211\u3002\u4ee5\u662f\u7fa9\u6545\u3002\u4e0d\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00\u7fa9\u7a7a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00\u7fa9\u7a7a\u6545\u4e0d \u884c\u4e2d\u9053\u3002\u7121\u4e2d\u9053\u6545\u4e0d\u898b\u4f5b\u6027\u3002\u300d(CBETA, T12, no. 374, p. 523, b11-c9).<\/em><\/p>\n

12. 6 nh\u00e2n (\u516d\u56e0sad-hetavah): 1. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01b0ng nh\u00e2n (\u76f8\u61c9\u56e0samprayukta-hetu)\ufe542. C\u00e2u h\u1eefu nh\u00e2n (\u4ff1\u6709\u56e0sahabh\u00e8-hetu)\ufe543. \u0110\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n (\u540c\u985e\u56e0sabb\u0152ga-hetu)\ufe544. Bi\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n (\u904d\u884c\u56e0sarvatraga-hetu)\ufe545. D\u1ecb Th\u1ee5c nh\u00e2n (\u7570\u719f\u56e0vip\u0152ka-hetu)\ufe546. N\u0103ng t\u00e1c nh\u00e2n (\u80fd\u4f5c\u56e0k\u0152ra\u00f6a-hetu); 4 duy\u00ean (\u56db\u7de3catv\u0101rah pratyay\u0101h): 1. Nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean (\u56e0\u7de3hetu-pratyaya)\ufe542. \u0110\u1eb3ng v\u00f4 gi\u00e1n duy\u00ean (\u7b49\u7121\u9593\u7de3samanantara-pratyaya)\ufe543. S\u1edf duy\u00ean duy\u00ean (\u6240\u7de3\u7de3\u0152lambana-pratyaya)\ufe544. T\u0103ng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng duy\u00ean (\u589e\u4e0a\u7de3adhipati-pratyaya).<\/em><\/p>\n

13. \u300a\u5927\u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u7d93\u300b\u537723\u300822 \u5149\u660e\u904d\u7167\u9ad8\u8cb4\u5fb7\u738b\u83e9\u85a9\u54c1\u3009\uff1a(CBETA, T12, no. 375, p. 760, b29-c6).<\/em><\/p>\n

14. \u300a\u5927\u667a\u5ea6\u8ad6\u300b\u53776\u30081 \u5e8f\u54c1\u3009(CBETA, T25, no. 1509, p. 105, a5-10).<\/em><\/p>\n

15. L\u1eef Tr\u01b0ng, \u201c\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc T\u01b0 T\u01b0\u1edfng Kh\u00e1i Lu\u1eadn\u201d \uff08\u5370\u5ea6\u4f5b\u5b78\u601d\u60f3\u6982\u8ad6\uff09Taipei, NXB Thi\u00ean Hoa, Trung Hoa d\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c n\u0103m71, trang 97~98.<\/em><\/p>\n

16.\u00a0 \u59da\u79e6\uff0e\u7f85\u4ec0\u8b6f\u300a\u91d1\u525b\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\u7d93\u300b\u53771\uff1a(CBETA, T08, no. 235, p. 752, b28-29).<\/em><\/p>\n

17. \u300a\u4e2d\u8ad6\u300b\u53774\u300824 \u89c0\u56db\u8ae6\u54c1\u3009(CBETA, T30, no. 1564, p. 33, b11-14).<\/em><\/p>\n

18. \u300a\u5927\u667a\u5ea6\u8ad6\u300b\u537726\u30081 \u5e8f\u54c1\u3009: (CBETA, T25, no. 1509, p. 253, c18-23).<\/em><\/p>\n

19. \u300a\u5927\u667a\u5ea6\u8ad6\u300b\u537743\u30089 \u96c6\u6563\u54c1\u3009\uff1a(CBETA, T25, no. 1509, p. 370, a24-b9).<\/em><\/p>\n

20. \u300a\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\u591a\u7d93\u300b\u5377574\uff1a\u300c\u820d\u5229\u5b50!\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u8207\u4e94\u7121\u9593\uff0c\u7686\u4f4f\u5be6\u969b\u6027\u7121\u5dee\u5225\uff0c\u7121\u751f\u7121\u6ec5\uff0c\u7121\u53bb\u7121\u4f86\uff0c\u975e\u56e0\u975e\u679c\uff0c\u975e\u5584\u975e\u60e1\u3002\u300d(CBETA, T07, no. 220, p. 967, b29-c2).<\/em><\/p>\n

21. \u300a\u5927\u822c\u82e5\u6ce2\u7f85\u871c\u591a\u7d93\u300b\u5377568\u30084 \u6cd5\u754c\u54c1\u3009\uff1a\u300c\u8af8\u83e9\u85a9\u77e5\u7121\u5012\u8def\uff0c\u51e1\u6240\u793a\u5c0e\u4e0d\u9055\u773e\u6839\u3002\u70ba\u5927\u4e58\u4eba\u8aaa\u7121\u4e0a\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u8aaa\u7368\u89ba\u53ca\u8072\u805e\u9053\uff0c\u70ba\u7368\u89ba\u4eba\u8aaa\u7368\u89ba\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d \u8aaa\u83e9\u85a9\u53ca\u8072\u805e\u9053\uff0c\u70ba\u8072\u805e\u4eba\u8aaa\u8072\u805e\u9053\uff0c\u4e0d\u8aaa\u7368\u89ba\u53ca\u83e9\u85a9\u9053…\u300d(CBETA, T07, no. 220, p. 933, a17-28).<\/em><\/p>\n

22. Xin \u0111\u1ecdc Th\u00edch H\u1ea1nh B\u00ecnh, \u201cY Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea5t Y Nh\u00e2n\u201d trong ph\u1ea7n \u2018S\u00e1u Ba La M\u1eadt\u2019, TP. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh, NXB Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0110\u00f4ng, n\u0103m 2008.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n