![\"image\"\/](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/Phat-quoc-ky-su-01-Chuong-I-Thanh-Ca.jpg\")
\n Quanh c\u1ea3nh th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 (Kapilavatthu) \u1edf Nepal \u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n
C\u00e1ch L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni (Lumbin\u012b) 25 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Piprahwa, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t kinh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng, Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 (Kapilavatthu) n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 do nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00edch Ca s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t di d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kinh th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. Th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c bang Uttar Pradesh c\u0169ng hoang t\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c chi th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \u1edf Nepal.<\/strong><\/p>\n 1. Kh\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \t\t(Kapilavatthu) x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay<\/strong><\/p>\n V\u01b0\u1ee3t qua bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \t\tNepal \t\tkho\u1ea3ng 70 km, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00f9ng Tilaurakot \t\tn\u01a1i c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i ph\u1ebf t\u00edch c\u1ee7a kinh th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a, Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7. Nh\u00f3m n\u0103m \t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong ph\u00eda T\u00e2y c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh, t\u00ecm m\u1ed9t b\u00f3ng r\u00e2m \t\tn\u01a1i khu v\u01b0\u1eddn hoang s\u01a1, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i l\u1ed1i m\u00f2n nho nh\u1ecf, d\u00f9ng b\u1eefa c\u01a1m \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c gi\u1eefa \t\t\u0111\u00e1m qu\u1ea1 bay l\u01b0\u1ee3n qua l\u1ea1i k\u00eau inh \u1ecfi v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng con ch\u00f3 hoang l\u1ea1c lo\u00e0i \u1ed1m \t\t\u0111\u00f3i t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm th\u1ee9c \u0103n. Sau b\u1eefa \u0103n tr\u01b0a, nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft nh\u1ea5t trong \t\tng\u00e0y, nh\u00f3m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i v\u00f2ng quanh \u0111\u1ec3 tham quan v\u00e0 ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t \t\tv\u00e0i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u00e0m k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n M\u1ed9t n\u01a1i quen thu\u1ed9c trong \t\ttr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt m\u00e0 khi ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ed3i \t\th\u1ed3i x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng, n\u00f4n nao kh\u00f3 t\u1ea3, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 kinh th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 (Kapilavatthu)<\/span>, \t\tm\u1ed9t kinh th\u00e0nh tr\u00f9 ph\u00fa, xa hoa tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4ng cung th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1t \t\tTa (Siddh\u0101ttha) \t\tsinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean trong nhung g\u1ea5m l\u1ee5a l\u00e0, trong t\u00ecnh y\u00eau th\u01b0\u01a1ng tuy\u1ec7t \t\t\u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng th\u00e2n qu\u1ed1c th\u00edch, tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp ni\u1ec1m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac v\u1edbi v\u1ee3 \u0111\u1eb9p con \t\txinh, s\u1ef1 k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng n\u1ec3 v\u00ec c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch Ca (Saky\u0101), \t\ts\u1ef1 hy v\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n kinh th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ec3 r\u1ed3i, t\u1eeb \t\tnh\u1eefng th\u00e1i c\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi, ngh\u00e8o gi\u00e0u, kh\u1ed5 \u0111au v\u00e0 h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng \t\tmong manh, c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng…. \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c ra \u0111i v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, cu\u1ed9c ra \t\t\u0111i v\u00f4 ti\u1ec1n kho\u00e1ng h\u1eadu, cu\u1ed9c ra \u0111i l\u00e0m n\u00ean trang s\u1eed v\u00e0ng, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \t\tm\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 ban vui, v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho v\u1ea1n lo\u1ea1i h\u1eefu t\u00ecnh \t\ttr\u00ean h\u00e0nh tinh n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t kinh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ea7y k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t kinh th\u00e0nh \t\tkh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t kinh th\u00e0nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ee9c \t\tPh\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt, qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang \t\tta. C\u00e0ng h\u00ecnh dung trong tr\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho s\u1ef1 huy ho\u00e0ng tr\u00e1ng l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \t\tm\u1ed9t kinh th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a th\u00ec ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng x\u00f3t xa, bu\u1ed3n th\u1ea3m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng, \t\tkhi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n n\u01a1i \u1ea5y! Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ebf \t\tt\u00edch, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i qua h\u00e0ng bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111i v\u00e0o qu\u00ean l\u00e3ng: nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \t\td\u00e0i ngang d\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t r\u00eau phong, nh\u1eefng b\u1ee5i c\u00e2y hoang d\u1ea1i m\u1ecdc um t\u00f9m, bao \t\th\u1ea7m h\u1ed1 g\u00f2 n\u1ed5ng tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay ch\u0103m s\u00f3c…. \u00d4i! \t\tth\u1eadt \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m bu\u1ed3n t\u00eanh tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed huy \t\tho\u00e0ng, c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u1eafp \u0111\u00f4ng t\u00e2y t\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eebng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i, \t\t\u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t h\u1ecdc thuy\u1ebft v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n trong \t\tm\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1ea1i suy t\u00e0n g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ea5t g\u1ed1c. Ph\u00eda T\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i \t\tn\u1ec1n g\u1ea1ch c\u0169 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5. \u0110\u1ed1i \t\tm\u1eb7t sau c\u1ee7a c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u00eda T\u00e2y kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng, \t\tn\u01a1i m\u00e0 n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam r\u1ea1ng ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng 8 th\u00e1ng 2 \u00e2l, th\u00e1i t\u1eed S\u0129 \u0110\u1ea1t Ta \u0111\u00e3 \u00e2m th\u1ea7m \t\tr\u1eddi b\u1ecf kinh th\u00e0nh \u0111i t\u00ecm \u0111\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 \t\tc\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00ec nhi\u00eau, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi tr\u00e2u b\u00f2 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong n\u1eafng \u1ea5m \t\tthanh b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a m\u00f9a xu\u00e2n. Xa xa c\u00e1ch c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng kho\u1ea3ng 200 m, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \t\tc\u00e1i th\u00e1p nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u00e0 con tu\u1ea5n m\u00e3 \t\tKi\u1ec1n Tr\u1eafc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1ebft t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 sau khi t\u1eeb gi\u00e3 th\u00e1i t\u1eed tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i kinh \t\tth\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0C\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh \t\tph\u00eda \u0110\u00f4ng. \u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n Ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p Hi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u00eam b\u00e1i th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 v\u00e0o \t\tn\u0103m 403 sau T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, \u00a0\u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t r\u1eebng hoang c\u1ecf \t\td\u1ea1i, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng di t\u00edch ph\u1ebf t\u00e0n. M\u1ed9t v\u00e0i tu s\u0129 kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh \t\ttu t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 30 gia \u0111\u00ecnh d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111ang sinh s\u1ed1ng. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecfi \t\tth\u0103m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u00e1nh t\u00edch n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u1ea5y cho bi\u1ebft to\u00e0n v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y \t\tch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 th\u1eddi x\u01b0a, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ed1 \u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef g\u00ecn Th\u00e1nh \t\tt\u00edch n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng, \u0111\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu thua, \t\tng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn n\u00f3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 \t\tt\u00e0n ph\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n V\u00e0o n\u0103m 636, Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng \t\tng\u00f4i th\u00e0nh c\u1ed5 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft. Ng\u00e0i vi\u1ebft: “Th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 \t\tLa V\u1ec7 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac theo l\u1ed1i c\u1ed5 k\u00ednh, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng to\u00e0n b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00ed, b\u1ee9c \t\tt\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean c\u1ed1. Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 634 ph\u1ed1, \t\tnh\u00e0 l\u01a1 th\u01a1 v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00edt d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Chung quanh c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 100 \t\tt\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 b\u1ecb h\u01b0 h\u1ecfng. G\u1ea7n ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, 30 tu s\u0129 \t\tti\u1ec3u th\u1eeba v\u00e0 hai ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a Ba La M\u00f4n gi\u00e1o”.<\/p>\n Hi\u1ec7n nay, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 \t\tm\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qu\u00ed Ng\u00e0i, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng, ch\u00ednh kinh \t\tth\u00e0nh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ng\u1ef1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \t\ttuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, th\u00ec s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tu s\u0129 th\u01b0\u1eddng lui t\u1edbi \t\ttu h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5, Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 c\u00f3 hai th\u00e0nh \t\tc\u0169 v\u00e0 m\u1edbi. Hi\u1ec7n nay th\u00e0nh c\u0169 thu\u1ed9c th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n Tilaurakot \u1edf Nepal, c\u00e1ch L\u00e2m \t\tT\u1ef3 Ni (Lumbin\u012b) kho\u1ea3ng 30 km \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f2ng tr\u00e1ng nh\u1ef1a, kho\u1ea3ng 15 \u2013 20 km \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng chim bay. Th\u00e0nh m\u1edbi thu\u1ed9c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00e1ch L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni kho\u1ea3ng 30 km, n\u01a1i \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng sau khi vua T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly\u00a0 (ViD\u016bDabha) t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \u1edf \t\tNepal v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i d\u00e2n ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch Ca.<\/p>\n Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng tham quan th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ebf t\u00edch \t\tc\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 t\u1ed1i quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i \t\tv\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nh\u01b0: ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da; v\u01b0\u1eddn \t\tNigrodha thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng Kudan; Sagarhava, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch Ca b\u1ecb vua T\u1ef3 \t\tL\u01b0u Ly s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i….<\/p>\n \u00a02. Ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng \t\th\u1eadu Ma Da (M\u0101y\u0101)<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 Hai ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana) v\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da (M\u0101y\u0101)\u00a0\u00a0 <\/em><\/p>\n \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \t\t \t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n T\u1eeb c\u1eeda th\u00e0nh \u0110\u00f4ng, l\u1ea7n theo \t\tl\u1ed1i m\u00f2n h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc kho\u1ea3ng 2 c\u00e2y s\u1ed1 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 hai n\u1ec1n \t\tg\u1ea1ch m\u1ed9t l\u1edbn m\u1ed9t nh\u1ecf n\u1eb1m trong khu \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u0169ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u1ea3ng 3m. \t\tCh\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ng\u1edd r\u1eb1ng, hai ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana) \t\tv\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da (M\u0101y\u0101) \t\tv\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \t\tnghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt. <\/strong>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n cho bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng, ng\u00f4i \t\tm\u1ed9 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n v\u00e0 ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n 3. L\u00e0ng Kudan<\/strong><\/p>\n C\u00e1ch \t\t \t\tTilaurakot \t\tkho\u1ea3ng 1 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y Nam l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00e2y \t\tNigrodha thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng Kudan, n\u01a1i \t\tvua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n h\u1ed9i ng\u1ed9 v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt sau 13 n\u0103m tr\u1eddi xa c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi bi\u1ebft bao \t\tth\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u1edb v\u00e0 hy v\u1ecdng m\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh cho th\u00e1i t\u1eed. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u0111\u1ee9c vua \t\t\u0111\u00e3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt, sau n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 ai mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh sa m\u00f4n th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \t\ts\u1ef1 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a cha m\u1eb9, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 \t\tngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vua cha. T\u1ea1i n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eafc l\u1ec7nh cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \t\tng\u00f4i t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Nigrodhamma, l\u00e0m n\u01a1i tu h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00e1u \t\t\u0111\u00edch t\u00f4n Ra H\u1ea7u La (R\u0101hula) khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \t\tth\u0103m b\u1ed5n qu\u1ed1c . T\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua m\u00f9a an c\u01b0 th\u1ee9 \t\t15 v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i kinh ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u nh\u01b0: Ti\u1ec3u Kinh Kh\u1ed5 U\u1ea9n<\/em> (s\u1ed1 \t\t14), kinh M\u1eadt Ho\u00e0n<\/em> (s\u1ed1 18) \u2026 thu\u1ed9c Trung B\u1ed9 kinh<\/em>.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n 4. Sagarhav\u0101, n\u01a1i d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca b\u1ecb th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t<\/strong><\/p>\n Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t \t\t\u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca (Saky\u0101) \t\tb\u1edfi l\u00f2ng hi\u1ec1m th\u00f9 m\u00ea mu\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly (Vid\u016bdabha), \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch chi ti\u1ebft trong kinh T\u0103ng Nh\u1ea5t A H\u00e0m.<\/em> T\u1eeb Ca \t\tT\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 (Kapilavatthu) \u0111i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y \t\tB\u1eafc 10 km ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t khu l\u00e0ng d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa khu \t\tl\u00e0ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i b\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt d\u00e0i 500m t\u00ean Lambu Sagar. N\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 n\u01a1i x\u1ea3y ra cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t do vua T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebf \t\tth\u1eeba v\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c (Pasenadi), n\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec1u T\u00e1t La (Kosala), \t\t\u0111\u00e3 t\u00e0n s\u00e1t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y 17 ng\u1ecdn th\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \t\tv\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i di t\u00edch c\u1ed5 c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i. Nh\u1eefng t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 mang h\u00ecnh hoa sen n\u1edf v\u00e0 \t\tc\u00e1c v\u0169 kh\u00ed th\u1eddi x\u01b0a. Trong m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \t\tr\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea5t nung \u0111\u1ef1ng x\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i, v\u00e0ng b\u1ea1c, \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3 \t\ttrang s\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \t\tcu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3m s\u00e1t n\u00e0y, b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 mi\u1ec7t th\u1ecb \t\tth\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly, con c\u1ee7a vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c. \t\tKhi vua Ba T\u01b0 \t\tN\u1eb7c g\u1edfi m\u1ed9t s\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n sang Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm bang giao v\u1edbi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch \t\tqua m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00f4n nh\u00e2n, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch cho r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e0 vua kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i thu\u1ed9c \t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi trong t\u1ed9c n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea3 cho nh\u00e0 vua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a con g\u00e1i t\u00ean l\u00e0 \t\tVasabha \t\tKhattiya con c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ecb n\u1eef lai huy\u1ebft th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a hai giai c\u1ea5p \t\tgi\u1eefa S\u00e1t \u0110\u1ebf L\u1ee3i v\u00e0 Chi\u00ean \u0110\u00e0 La \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi k\u00e8m theo c\u1ee7a h\u1ed3i m\u00f4n r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. \t\tVua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 phong b\u00e0 l\u00e0m ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu v\u00e0 phong con b\u00e0 T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly l\u00e0m \t\tth\u00e1i t\u1eed. N\u0103m l\u00ean b\u1ea3y tu\u1ed5i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly b\u1ecb m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3m v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \t\tnh\u1eadn qu\u00e0 t\u1eeb b\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i trong khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng t\u1eed kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3. N\u0103m 16 tu\u1ed5i \t\tho\u00e0ng t\u1eed thi\u1ebfu ni\u00ean T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 th\u0103m c\u1eadu \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi v\u1edbi \t\tc\u00e1c ho\u00e0ng t\u1eed h\u1ecd Th\u00edch. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng th\u00e0nh, ch\u00e0ng th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \t\tgi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng r\u1ea5t m\u1edbi, n\u00ean cho xe d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u1eafm nh\u00ecn. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f2ng \t\th\u1ecd Th\u00edch bi\u1ebft th\u1ebf n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111u\u1ed5i ch\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y khinh th\u1ecb: \u201cV\u00f4 l\u1ec5 \t\tk\u1ebb h\u1ea1 ti\u1ec7n kia! d\u00e1m cho\u00e1ng ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3n r\u01b0\u1edbc \t\t\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d. V\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1ec9 nh\u1ee5c v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng cha m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca l\u01b0\u1eddng \t\tg\u1ea1t n\u00ean T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly nu\u00f4i m\u1ed1i h\u1eadn n\u00e0y v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft l\u00f2ng san b\u1eb1ng kinh th\u00e0nh Ca \t\tT\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 r\u1eeda h\u1eadn. V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi nhi\u1ebfp ch\u00ednh thay vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c, T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u \t\tLy mang \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn s\u00e1t ph\u1ea1t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00f2ng t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch Ca.<\/p>\n \u00a0H\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 di \t\tch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Th\u00edch Ca th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \t\tch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng bi\u1ebft bao vong h\u1ed3n oan nghi\u1ec7t, nh\u1eefng ti\u1ebfng k\u00eau th\u1ea3m thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \t\tnh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00f4 t\u1ed9i. V\u00e0 trong kinh ch\u00e9p l\u1ea1i r\u1eb1ng, c\u0169ng ngay trong \u0111\u00eam \u1ea5y, \t\t\u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n chi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly c\u0169ng b\u1ecb n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u0169 cu\u1ed1n tr\u00f4i. Th\u1eadt \t\t\u0111\u00fang c\u00e2u \u201c\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 \u00e1c b\u00e1o\u201d. N\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u00f4i b\u1ed7ng d\u01b0ng nh\u1edb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2u n\u00f3i c\u1ee7a \t\tHo\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Huy\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7u, c\u00f3 bi\u1ec7t danh Ng\u01b0\u1eddi L\u00e0m V\u01b0\u1eddn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7t \t\tNam Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ef1 \u1edf L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni: \u201cN\u1ebfu anh th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng \t\tl\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch cho ch\u00fang sanh, th\u00ec anh c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m \u0111au kh\u1ed5 \t\tch\u00fang sanh\u201d.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/p>\n 5. Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 (Kapilavatthu) \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9<\/strong><\/p>\n \u00a0 \u00a0Th\u00e0nh Ca \t\tT\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 m\u1edbi – \u1ea4n \t\t\u0110\u1ed9.\u00a0 \u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n C\u00e1ch L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni (Lumbin\u012b) 25 km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ecba \t\tph\u1eadn\u00a0 Piprahwa, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \t\tkinh th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho r\u1eb1ng, Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 (Kapilavatthu) \t\tn\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u00e0 do nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u00edch Ca s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t di d\u1eddi \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \t\tv\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean m\u1ed9t kinh th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. \t\tTh\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c bang Uttar Pradesh c\u0169ng hoang t\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed5 \t\tn\u00e1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c chi th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \u1edf Nepal.<\/p>\n V\u00e0o 8 gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \t\tm\u1edbi, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch m\u1eb7t l\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 100 m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 30 \t\tkm. V\u00ec \t\ttr\u1eddi c\u00f2n s\u1edbm \u00a0n\u00ean s\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u00f9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e3ng \u0111\u00e3ng \t\tbay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea7y tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ng\u1ecdn c\u1ecf. C\u01b0 d\u00e2n quanh v\u00f9ng th\u01b0a th\u1edbt, v\u00e0i x\u00f3m \t\tnh\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o l\u00e1c \u0111\u00e1c hai b\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng ph\u1ea3n \t\t\u1ea3nh cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00f4n qu\u00ea h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t \u1ea4n.<\/p>\n \u0110\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 100 m, l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n th\u00e1p ch\u00ednh, chu vi kho\u1ea3ng \t\t80 m\u00e9t vu\u00f4ng, c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n g\u1ea1ch c\u0169 r\u00eau phong, v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u01b0\u1edbt \u0111\u1eabm \t\ts\u01b0\u01a1ng bu\u1ed5i s\u1edbm. Trong th\u00e1p ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u01b0\u01a1ng \t\tx\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca. D\u1ecdc theo l\u1ed1i v\u00e0o, ph\u00eda b\u00ean \t\ttay ph\u1ea3i, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1edd t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ea1y d\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n th\u00e1p cao kho\u1ea3ng \t\t2,5 m l\u00e0 khu t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bao b\u1ecdc quanh th\u00e1p ch\u00ednh. Ph\u00eda sau \t\tth\u00e1p ch\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 150 m h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda T\u00e2y, g\u1ea7n khu v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \t\td\u00e2n, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n g\u1ea1ch tu vi\u1ec7n c\u0169, h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh r\u1ea5t d\u00e0y v\u00e0 \t\tc\u00f3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ea5c thang \u0111i v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong. C\u1ea3nh tr\u00ed n\u01a1i Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 m\u1edbi n\u00e0y \t\tc\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1 chu \u0111\u00e1o. C\u1ecf th\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 kh\u1eafp khu\u00f4n \t\tvi\u00ean, m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i kh\u00f3m hoa \u0111ang n\u1edf v\u00e0o d\u1ecbp xu\u00e2n, kh\u00ed tr\u1eddi c\u00f2n se \t\t \t\t \t\ts\u1eaft l\u1ea1nh. Trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 \t\tao n\u01b0\u1edbc \t\tkh\u00e1 to \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta tr\u1ed3ng hoa s\u00fang, tr\u00f4ng \t\tng\u00e2y th\u01a1 v\u00e0 hi\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh gi\u1eefa m\u1ed9t b\u1ea7u thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean \u00eam \u1ea3 m\u00e0 th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng m\u1edbi \t\tc\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi lui t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Sau m\u1ed9t gi\u1edd tham quan v\u00e0 quay phim ghi h\u00ecnh l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m, \t\t\u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00ean xe ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh v\u01b0\u1ee3t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn \t\tth\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u1eadn Nepal.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n![\"image004_phuoctien\"](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1604781415_539_Phat-quoc-ky-su-01-Chuong-I-Thanh-Ca.jpg\" "\\"image004_phuoctien\\"")
<\/p>\n![\"image006_phuoctien\"](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1604781418_58_Phat-quoc-ky-su-01-Chuong-I-Thanh-Ca.jpg\" "\\"image006_phuoctien\\"")
<\/p>\n![\"image008_phuoctien\"](\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/1604781420_122_Phat-quoc-ky-su-01-Chuong-I-Thanh-Ca.jpg\" "\\"image008_phuoctien\\"")
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