{"id":6140,"date":"2020-11-08T03:41:46","date_gmt":"2020-11-07T20:41:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/08\/phat-quoc-ky-su-08-chuong-ix-truong-dai-hoc-na-lan-da-nalanda-phat-quoc-ky-su\/"},"modified":"2020-11-08T03:41:46","modified_gmt":"2020-11-07T20:41:46","slug":"phat-quoc-ky-su-08-chuong-ix-truong-dai-hoc-na-lan-da-nalanda-phat-quoc-ky-su","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/08\/phat-quoc-ky-su-08-chuong-ix-truong-dai-hoc-na-lan-da-nalanda-phat-quoc-ky-su\/","title":{"rendered":"Phat quoc ky su – 08. Chuong IX Truong Dai Hoc Na Lan Da (Nalanda) – Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c k\u00fd s\u1ef1"},"content":{"rendered":"

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Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 c\u00e1ch V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1, nay l\u00e0 Rajgir, kho\u1ea3ng 15 km, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 Patna, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam, kho\u1ea3ng 95 km, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac thu\u1edf x\u01b0a. V\u00ec l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00ean t\u00ean nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Mahavihara N\u0101land\u0101, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Tinh X\u00e1 Na Lan \u0110\u00e0, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 N\u0101land\u0101.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t v\u1ec1 Na Lan \u0110\u00e0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o khu ph\u1ebf t\u00edch Na Lan \t\t\u0110\u00e0 (N\u0101land\u0101)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 (N\u0101land\u0101) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t di t\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng trong \t\tl\u1ecbch s\u1eed ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \t\tn\u00f3i chung, v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \t\tn\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t quy c\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c g\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1eabu, c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m \t\tl\u1eebng l\u1eaby, l\u01b0u danh cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 \t\tkh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khu th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba t\u00e2m linh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1nh t\u00edch \t\tli\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 khu \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 \t\ts\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u00e1c b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u t\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u01b0 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i \t\tPh\u1ea5t, M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng l\u00e0u th\u00f4ng tam t\u1ea1ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 \t\tPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o sau n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd, V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n, Tr\u1ea7n Na, Gi\u1edbi \t\tHi\u1ec1n…. v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 danh nh\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng t\u1eebng bi\u1ebft \t\t\u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u00e2m ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \t\tgi\u1ea3 th\u00f4ng b\u00e1t kinh lu\u1eadt tam t\u1ea1ng ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Tr\u1ea7n Huy\u1ec1n Trang, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc cao \t\tt\u0103ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u1eddi th\u1ecbnh \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1edbi\u00a0 t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0\u00a0 trung t\u00e2m \t\tgi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf h\u1ecdc \t\tnh\u01b0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, y d\u01b0\u1ee3c, ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc…. trong \t\tm\u1ed9t quy c\u1ee7 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng nghi\u00eam t\u00fac v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1ng tin c\u1eady nh\u1ea5t th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd. Na Lan \t\t\u0110\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u0110\u00f4ng T\u00e2y. Trong \t\tquy\u1ec3n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1ec1 X\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt<\/em>, H\u00f2a th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Minh Ch\u00e2u c\u00f3 s\u00e1nh v\u00ed Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 \t\tb\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t l\u00f2ng t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng: N\u1ebfu B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u00d0\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt vi\u00ean th\u00e0nh \t\tCh\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p th\u00ec Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n chi\u1ebfu \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u1ebfn \t\tv\u1edbi v\u00f4 s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u1edf kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba, b\u1edfi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \t\tChuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00ec Na Lan \u0110\u00e0\u00a0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 ho\u1eb1ng \t\ttruy\u1ec1n ch\u00e1nh ph\u00e1p, trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i h\u01a1n ng\u00e0n n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu C\u00e2u Thi Na l\u00e0 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba, b\u1edfi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \t\tnh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n th\u00ec Na Lan \u0110\u00e0\u00a0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t thi\u00eang \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 vi\u00ean t\u1ecbch \t\tc\u1ee7a T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t …<\/p>\n

Gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang ta c\u00f9ng t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \t\t\u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Na Lan \u0110\u00e0, n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng khu \t\tth\u00e1nh t\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

2. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 x\u01b0a v\u00e0 nay<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n khu \t\tph\u1ebf t\u00edch Na Lan \u0110\u00e0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

H\u00f4m nay v\u00ec tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a n\u00ean \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \t\ttho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i l\u1eafm trong l\u00fac l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00f5 so v\u1edbi tr\u1eddi \t\tn\u1eafng v\u00e0 m\u00e0u s\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch c\u0169ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i \u00edt nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi m\u00e0u \t\tnguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7. Tuy v\u1eady l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch tham quan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i \t\tn\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng. L\u1ed1i v\u00e0o khu Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 (N\u0101land\u0101) r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb9p, d\u00f9 \t\ttr\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u1eafng th\u00ec kh\u00e1ch tham quan v\u1eabn c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y m\u00e1t m\u1ebb b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng c\u00e2y \t\tth\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp, t\u00e0ng dang r\u1ed9ng che ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea3 l\u1ed1i \u0111i. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong khu \t\tth\u00e1nh t\u00edch gi\u1eefa b\u00f9ng binh l\u1ed1i \u0111i, c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m b\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m ngang \t\tt\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ea5p, m\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ghi l\u00e0: c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh kh\u1ea3o s\u00e1t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \t\t(Archaeological servey of India), m\u1eb7t sau t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong nh\u00ecn ra ghi l\u00e0: \t\th\u00e3y c\u00f9ng nhau b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 di s\u1ea3n v\u0103n ho\u00e1 (Come forward to preserve heritage). \t\tHoa ki\u1ec3ng xung quanh c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0n tay con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c kh\u00e1 chu \u0111\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \t\tNa Lan \u0110\u00e0 c\u00e1ch V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1, nay l\u00e0 Rajgir, kho\u1ea3ng 15 km, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 \t\tPatna, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng Nam, kho\u1ea3ng 95 km, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n \t\t\u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fac thu\u1edf x\u01b0a. V\u00ec l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00ean t\u00ean nguy\u00ean thu\u1ef7 \t\tc\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 Mahavihara N\u0101land\u0101, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Tinh X\u00e1 Na Lan \u0110\u00e0, g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft l\u00e0 \t\tN\u0101land\u0101. Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 II v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \t\tm\u1ea1nh kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 IV T\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. V\u1edbi quy m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng \t\tnh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u1ea7m \t\tv\u00f3c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 quy c\u1ee7 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng m\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n \t\tTrang \u0111\u1ebfn tham h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng: \u201cS\u1ed1 T\u0103ng s\u0129 \u0111\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0i ng\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec1u \t\tl\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc t\u00e0i n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang. Nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc n\u00e0y ph\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb \t\tk\u1ef3 t\u00e0i, danh ti\u1ebfng vang \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. \u00d0\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \t\tho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u00ea tr\u00e1ch g\u00ec. H\u1ecd theo gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \t\tch\u01a1n th\u00e0nh. Qui lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 T\u0103ng s\u0129 \u0111\u1ec1u \t\tph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo. C\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u k\u00ednh ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \t\td\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb n\u00e0y\u201d. Ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \t\tnh\u1eefng b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c, t\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9c v\u1eb9n to\u00e0n, l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc t\u00ean tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \t\tbi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay nh\u01b0: \u00a0Long Th\u1ecd (Nagarjuna), v\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \t\tgi\u1ea3i th\u00edch gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba; Th\u00e1nh Thi\u00ean \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 (Arya Deva), Ng\u00e0i V\u00f4 \t\tTr\u01b0\u1edbc (Asanga), Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n (Vasubandhu)….\u00a0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng k\u1ebf \t\tti\u1ebfp l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o Na Lan \u0110\u00e0. R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn Ng\u00e0i Tr\u1ea7n Na (Dinnaga), Ng\u00e0i Ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9 \t\t(Dharmapala) v\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Gi\u1edbi Hi\u1ec1n (Silabhadra), l\u00e0 v\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng 120 tu\u1ed5i, \t\tm\u1ed9t v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc th\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ee9c v\u00e0o th\u1eddi Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang \t\t\u0111ang du h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0 T\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u thang ph\u1ebf t\u00edch Na Lan \u0110\u00e0<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

Theo c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i \t\tli\u1ec7u, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3000 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0, tr\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi 10.000 sinh \t\tvi\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u00fa tu h\u1ecdc th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf nh\u01b0ng \t\tkh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 \t\ttuy\u1ec3n sinh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1ea3o h\u1ea1ch kinh lu\u1eadt m\u1ed9t \t\tc\u00e1ch g\u1eaft gao, sinh vi\u00ean ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi qua nhi\u1ec1u cu\u1ed9c tr\u1eafc \t\tnghi\u1ec7m, bi\u1ec7n lu\u1eadn tr\u00f4i ch\u1ea3y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec7t t\u00e0i \t\tc\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, v\u00ec v\u1eady s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00fang tuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf kho\u1ea3ng \t\t2\/10. Do \u0111\u00f3, Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ni\u1ec1m m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \t\ttrong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. V\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ed1i Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, n\u00ean \t\tnh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean tr\u00fang tuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 b\u1ea5t \t\tc\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0o, nh\u1edd c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eddi vua ch\u00faa \t\ts\u00f9ng t\u00edn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ch\u00fang tr\u00ean 200 l\u00e0ng \t\tg\u1ea7n xa.<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng danh t\u0103ng b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \t\tn\u00e0y, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u danh t\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c, t\u00e0i ba xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc \t\t\u0111\u1ebfn nh\u01b0: Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang, Ngh\u0129a T\u1ecbnh, Thi H\u1ed9, Ph\u00e1p Thi\u00ean …V\u00e0 \t\tc\u00e1c b\u1ea3n kinh, lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadn Trung Qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng hi\u1ec7n nay, ph\u1ea7n \t\tl\u1edbn l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n d\u1ecbch do c\u00e1c v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y mang v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb sau nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u0103ng v\u00e0 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t d\u1ecb gi\u00e1o \t\tc\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i do t\u01b0\u1edbng Mohammad Bin Bakhtiyar \t\tKhalji ch\u1ec9 huy, tr\u01b0\u1eddng \t\t\u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 c\u00f9ng chung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn. S\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u0103ng \t\ts\u0129 b\u1ecb s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i kho\u1ea3ng 10.000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 s\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i \t\tch\u1ea1y sang Nepal v\u00e0 T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e1nh n\u1ea1n. Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 kho ch\u1ee9a \t\tkinh th\u01b0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p tr\u00ean 9 tri\u1ec7u b\u1ea3n kinh v\u0103n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n v\u0103n minh, tri\u1ebft \t\th\u1ecdc, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o c\u1ed5 kim tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n s\u1edb gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \t\tPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ….\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e1u v\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ecdn v\u00f4 l\u1ea1i hi\u1ebfu \t\ts\u00e1t H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o thi\u00eau \t\ttr\u1ee5i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ta v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \t\tm\u1ea5t \u0111i c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i qu\u00fd hi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef t\u1ea1i th\u01b0 \t\tvi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y. S\u1ef1 \u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 m\u00e1u c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \t\tc\u0169ng c\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1m b\u00e1o tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0\u00a0 l\u1eddi huy\u1ec1n k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi \t\ttrong \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c K\u00fd<\/em> c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang nh\u01b0 sau: \u201cT\u1eeb \t\tth\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda B\u1eafc \u0111\u1ed9 30 l\u00fd l\u00e0 T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 lam Na Lan \u0110\u00e0. Theo \t\ttruy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft th\u00ec v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda Nam c\u1ee7a tu vi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 \t\tc\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con r\u1ed3ng t\u00ean Na Lan \u0110\u00e0. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a b\u00ean b\u1edd h\u1ed3 \t\tv\u00e0 l\u1ea5y t\u00ean con r\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb7t cho t\u00ean cho t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n. Ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a l\u00e0 v\u01b0\u1eddn \t\txo\u00e0i do 500 v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng gia \u0111\u00e3 mua \u0111\u1ebfn m\u01b0\u1eddi tri\u1ec7u ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \t\tcho m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb\u00a0 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t. Sau khi B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb vua th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a \t\tn\u01a1i n\u00e0y t\u00ean l\u00e0 Sakraditya \u0111\u00e3 cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i gi\u00e0 lam. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \t\ttrong khi kh\u1edfi c\u00f4ng \u00d4ng \u0111\u00e3 v\u00f4 t\u00ecnh l\u00e0m b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ed9t con r\u1eafn ch\u00faa. L\u00fac \t\t\u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri Ni Ki\u1ec1n T\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 n\u0103m sau, \t\tn\u01a1i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f9ng c\u1ef1c. Nh\u1eefng h\u00e0ng T\u0103ng sinh t\u1ea1i \t\t\u0111\u00e2y s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t v\u1ebb vang, tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u00ec l\u1eddi th\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a con r\u1eafn ch\u00faa m\u00e0 m\u00e1u \t\tc\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ed5 ra t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y\u201d. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Na lan \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri, hay \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c \t\tPh\u1eadt d\u1ea1y, m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1i g\u00ec b\u1ec1n ch\u1eafc m\u00e3i m\u00e3i, h\u1ebft th\u1ea1nh r\u1ed3i \t\tsuy, sanh tr\u1ee5 d\u1ecb di\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u00e0n tay th\u1ea7n th\u00e1nh n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \t\tl\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi quy lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a \u0111o\u00e0n qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o, v\u00e0 \t\th\u1eb1ng bao th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 b\u1ecb v\u00f9i l\u1ea5p trong s\u1ef1 l\u00e3ng qu\u00ean nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea1ch \t\t\u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t \u1edf Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n to\u00e1t l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ebb h\u00f9ng tr\u00e1ng nguy nga c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \t\tv\u00e0ng son Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, v\u1eabn th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00e2n l\u00fd kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \t\tphai m\u1edd theo n\u0103m th\u00e1ng, d\u00f9 hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n vang trong k\u00fd \u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 nu\u1ed1i \t\tti\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a h\u00e0ng tr\u00ed gi\u1ea3 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 thi\u1ec7n ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00f3i \t\tri\u00eang v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i n\u00f3i chung.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00e0nh \t\tnghi\u00eang \u0111\u1ed5 li\u00ean k\u1ebft nhau r\u1ea5t d\u1ea7y trong m\u1ed9t chu vi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt \t\tkho\u1ea3ng 10 hecta \u0111\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i r\u1ed9ng \t\tkho\u1ea3ng 4m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 c\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. \t\tC\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 cho r\u1eb1ng, c\u00e1c d\u00e3y ph\u00f2ng tu vi\u1ec7n trung b\u00ecnh kho\u1ea3ng 4 \t\tt\u1ea7ng, b\u1edfi b\u1ecb v\u00f9i l\u1ea5p s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 h\u1ee7y n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 \t\tnh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y kho\u1ea3ng 1 \u2013 2 t\u1ea7ng, m\u1ed7i t\u1ea7ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u1ed1ng r\u00e3nh v\u00e0 l\u1ed7 tho\u00e1t n\u01b0\u1edbc \t\tr\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng khi n\u00e0o b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ecdng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3. T\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng khu \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Na Lan \t\t\u0110\u00e0 c\u00f3 11 tu vi\u1ec7n n\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfp nhau v\u00e0 5 ch\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 sinh \t\tvi\u00ean l\u01b0u tr\u00fa v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 sinh ho\u1ea1t l\u1ec5 nghi kh\u00e1c…M\u1ed7i tu vi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u \t\td\u00e0i kho\u1ea3ng 500 m, chi\u1ec1u ngang kho\u1ea3ng 250m, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac gi\u1ed1ng \t\tnhau: ph\u00f2ng d\u00e0nh cho gi\u00e1o th\u1ecd s\u01b0, ph\u00f2ng th\u1ecd trai, khu nh\u00e0 tr\u00f9, gi\u1ebfng \t\tn\u01b0\u1edbc, ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u00f4i cho t\u00e2n sinh vi\u00ean, ph\u00f2ng \u0111\u01a1n d\u00e0nh cho c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean, khu \t\tnh\u00e0 v\u1ec7 sinh, ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng…. Nh\u00ecn chung, m\u1ecdi ti\u1ec7n nghi cho \t\tvi\u1ec7c sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u1ea1i khu Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu nh\u1eb1m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ed9t \t\tm\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i. Trong khu\u00f4n vi\u00ean ph\u1ebf t\u00edch Na Lan \t\t\u0110\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i h\u1ed1c nh\u1ecf th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00f4i khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \t\tch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u00e0n t\u1ecda, ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 d\u00e1ng d\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u1ecda thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1eeb \t\tnh\u1eefng mi\u1ebfng g\u1ea1ch nung c\u0169 m\u1ee5c in tr\u00ean v\u00e1ch. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y \t\tki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hoa v\u0103n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt nho nh\u1ecf tr\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t xinh x\u1eafn \t\tv\u00e0 d\u1ec5 th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng hay \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ed9t c\u0169. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \t\tb\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang b\u1ecb x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 s\u1ee5t l\u1edf, ban b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u0169ng x\u00e2y th\u00eam nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c \t\tt\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ee1. C\u00e0ng \u0111i tham quan nhi\u1ec1u n\u01a1i trong khu ph\u1ebf t\u00edch \t\tn\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfc nu\u1ed1i \t\tcho m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \t\tquy m\u00f4 t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ed9i dung \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 g\u00ec t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf \t\tb\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0o tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi trung c\u1ed5. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u0111\u1ea1i \t\th\u1ecdc Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1951, do \t\tNg\u00e0i J. Kashyap \t\t\u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng, c\u00e1ch khu ph\u1ebf t\u00edch Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 2 km, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \t\tng\u1eef h\u1ecdc P\u0101li v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc cho c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, \t\tnh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 danh ngh\u0129a, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c uy th\u1ebf v\u00e0 uy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Na \t\tLan \u0110\u00e0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 danh T\u0103ng \t\tVi\u1ec7t Nam th\u1eddi c\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 Ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Minh Ch\u00e2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \t\t\u0110\u1ed9 m\u1eddi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 P\u0101li v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt, Ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Huy\u1ec1n Vi, Ho\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Thi\u1ec7n \t\tCh\u00e2u ….<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

3. Th\u00e1p t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t (S\u0101riputta)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0
<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0 Th\u00e1p t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t (S\u0101riputta).\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \t\t\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh \u0111i v\u00e0o ph\u00eda tay tr\u00e1i, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \t\tm\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u00e1p r\u1ea5t cao l\u1edbn \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u00e1p c\u1ee7a t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t (S\u0101riputta), \t\tm\u1ed9t v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Unesco li\u1ec7t v\u00e0o di s\u1ea3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n r\u1eb1ng, th\u00e1p n\u00e0y x\u00e2y \t\td\u1ef1ng ngay tr\u00ean n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 sanh ra v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \t\tgi\u00e3 c\u00f5i \u0111\u1eddi. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng \t\tv\u1edbi b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Xung quanh \t\tc\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p nh\u1ecf t\u1ea1o n\u00ean m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n th\u1ec3 th\u00e1p r\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 \u0111\u1eb7c trong khu Na \t\tLan \u0110\u00e0 (N\u0101land\u0101). Th\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f9ng tu \u00edt nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb \t\tth\u1eddi vua A D\u1ee5c (Asoka). Hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngang k\u1ebb \t\td\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ed7 l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m, th\u1eadt kh\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng hay \t\ttr\u00f2n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00ec cho l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n, tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf th\u00ec ch\u00e2n \t\tn\u1ec1n th\u00e1p l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n g\u1ea1ch vu\u00f4ng. Xung quanh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1p c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ee9c \u1ea3nh ph\u00f9 \t\t\u0111i\u00eau m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. D\u00f9 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o ch\u00fang ta \t\tc\u0169ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh gi\u1ea3, m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ed9t \t\tth\u1eddi l\u1eebng l\u1eaby v\u00e0 uy nghi\u00eam trong gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n 1250 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \t\tnh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng m\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt ch\u00fang ta v\u00e0 \t\tv\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ai nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

4. Huy\u1ec1n Trang k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

C\u1ed5ng ngo\u00e0i khu t\u01b0\u1edfng \t\tni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn \t\tLinh Th\u1ee9u s\u01a1n thu\u1ed9c th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1, nay l\u00e0 \t\tRajgir, c\u00e1ch tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng 1500 m, \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00fang \t\tt\u00f4i c\u00f3 vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m nh\u00e0 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang (Huy\u1ec1n Trang K\u1ef7 Ni\u1ec7m \t\t\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng) m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ngo\u00e0i tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a v\u1eabn c\u00f2n n\u1eb7ng h\u1ea1t. Huy\u1ec1n Trang l\u00e0 t\u00ean c\u1ee7a \t\tm\u1ed9t v\u1ecb cao t\u0103ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c: Tr\u1ea7n Huy\u1ec1n Trang, thu\u1ed9c tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng. \t\tV\u1edbi t\u00e0i n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang, th\u00f4ng minh \u0111\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9, v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ecfa m\u00e3n s\u1ef1 nh\u1eadn \t\tth\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong kho t\u00e0ng kinh s\u00e1ch n\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c m\u00e0 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \t\tPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u00ean Ng\u00e0i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sang Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac t\u1ee9c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u1ec3 tham h\u1ecdc \t\tkinh lu\u1eadt. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 VII, n\u0103m 629, Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang kh\u1edfi h\u00e0nh qua \t\t\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 tham h\u1ecdc tam t\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n. Tr\u1ea3i qua \t\t16 n\u0103m du h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \t\ttham h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Na Lan \u0110\u00e0 (N\u0101land\u0101) v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y kho\u1ea3ng\u00a0 5 n\u0103m. \t\tNg\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc Duy Th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Gi\u1edbi Hi\u1ec1n (Silabhabra), \t\thi\u1ec7u tr\u01b0\u1edfng tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e3 120 tu\u1ed5i. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea \t\tDuy Th\u1ee9c n\u00ean sau khi h\u1ed3i h\u01b0\u01a1ng Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp T\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ec3 xi\u1ec3n \t\td\u01b0\u01a1ng tinh th\u1ea7n \u201ct\u00f9ng t\u01b0\u1edbng nh\u1eadp t\u00e1nh\u201d c\u1ee7a Duy Th\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 \t\ts\u01a1 t\u1ed5 t\u00f4ng Ph\u00e1p T\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \t\tl\u1ea1i trong l\u00f2ng vua ch\u00faa c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng Thi\u00ean Tr\u00fac m\u1ed9t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t \t\tnh\u00e2n c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 si\u00eau vi\u1ec7t, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9c h\u1ea1nh s\u00e1ng ng\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u danh m\u00e3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0n sau. Do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \t\t\u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0i theo ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac Trung Hoa. M\u1eb7c \t\td\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi danh x\u01b0ng khi\u00eam t\u1ed1n K\u1ef7 Ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \t\th\u1ebft s\u1ee9c trang nh\u00e3, ho\u00e0nh tr\u00e1ng, m\u1edbi nghe qua ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o h\u00ecnh \t\tdung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft v\u1ebb uy nghi c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Huy\u1ec1n \t\tTrang K\u1ef7 Ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u1ec1n th\u00ec m\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea7m v\u00f3c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Sau khi qua \t\tc\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o chu vi kho\u1ea3ng 2 hecta \u0111\u1ea5t, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t l\u1ed1i \u0111i \t\tth\u1eb3ng t\u1eafp, kho\u1ea3ng gi\u1eefa l\u1ed1i \u0111i c\u00f3 t\u1ea1c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb h\u00e0nh c\u01b0\u1edbc Trung \t\tHoa tr\u00ean vai mang h\u00e0nh l\u00fd, kinh th\u01b0, tay c\u1ea7m ph\u1ea5t tr\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9i n\u00f3n r\u1ed9ng \t\tv\u00e0nh, ch\u00e2n di h\u00e0i c\u1ecf, ph\u00eda d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u1ea5m bia gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00f3m t\u1eaft ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed \t\tc\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang. Xung quanh hoa c\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c, c\u1eaft t\u1ec9a \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111\u1ebd. \t\tB\u00ean tay ph\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch 50 m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5m bia t\u01b0\u1edfng ni\u1ec7m Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang r\u1ea5t \t\tl\u1edbn b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd, tay tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng, gi\u1eefa \t\tth\u00e1p c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed3ng chung r\u1ea5t to theo ki\u1ec3u d\u00e1ng Trung Hoa. Khi v\u1eeba \t\tb\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0o b\u00ean trong c\u1ed5ng ch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghe m\u1ed9t ti\u1ebfng ch\u00f4ng ng\u00e2n d\u00e0i do \t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng, l\u00e0m ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 m\u00ecnh v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t \t\tng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam hay Trung Hoa. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi v\u00e0o ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 ch\u00ednh t\u00f4n \t\tth\u1edd Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i qua m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i s\u00e2n r\u1ed9ng. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \t\tch\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac theo m\u00e1i cong n\u1ed1i d\u00e0i n\u1eb1m ngang h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt, \t\tgi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u1ed5 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 hoa v\u0103n u\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u1ee3n theo ch\u00f3t m\u00e1i \t\tv\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Ch\u00ednh di\u1ec7n ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1edd t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i \t\tHuy\u1ec1n Trang. Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 trang ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n nghi l\u1ec5 nh\u01b0: \t\tchu\u00f4ng, m\u00f5, kh\u00e1nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy\u1ec3n kinh Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p Li\u00ean Hoa <\/em>ch\u1eef H\u00e1n. \t\tXung quanh t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u hoa v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \t\th\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c b\u1ee9c ph\u00f9 \u0111i\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc ch\u1ea1m m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n \t\tTrang t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh Ng\u00e0i tu h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ai, \t\tt\u1eebng l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i ra sao…<\/p>\n

Qu\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc dung \t\tnghi c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y m\u00ecnh qu\u00e1 nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u d\u1edf t\u1ec7, \t\tm\u00ecnh ch\u01b0a \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u00ec cho Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p, l\u00f2ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ng\u1eadm ng\u00f9i cho \t\tt\u00e2m tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a h\u1ea1ng ph\u00e0m phu th\u1eddi M\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u00ec v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng \t\tth\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ee9c ti\u1ec1n b\u1ed1i. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i ph\u1ea5n \t\t\u0111\u1ea5u nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m d\u00f5ng m\u00e3nh, ph\u1ea3i h\u1ebft l\u00f2ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o, v\u00ec \t\tch\u00fang sanh th\u00ec m\u1edbi s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd ng\u00e0i trong mu\u00f4n m\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

R\u1eddi Huy\u1ec1n Trang \t\tK\u1ef7 Ni\u1ec7m \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, trong l\u00f2ng v\u1eabn th\u1ea7m ph\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc cao t\u0103ng si\u00eau ph\u00e0m tho\u00e1t \t\tt\u1ee5c, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i t\u00ean nghe sao m\u00e0 th\u00e1nh tho\u00e1t, \u00eam d\u1ecbu, chan ho\u00e0 trong t\u00ecnh \t\t\u0111\u1ea1o t\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00f4i m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec trong c\u00f5i l\u00f2ng b\u1ed7ng v\u1ecdng l\u00ean hai ch\u1eef Huy\u1ec1n \t\tTrang, Huy\u1ec1n Trang v\u1edbi bao ni\u1ec1m x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00e0o d\u00e2ng!<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n