{"id":6211,"date":"2020-11-08T05:25:21","date_gmt":"2020-11-07T22:25:21","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/08\/phat-quoc-ky-su-06-chuong-vii-thanh-ty-xa-ly-vesali-phat-quoc-ky-su-2\/"},"modified":"2020-11-08T05:25:21","modified_gmt":"2020-11-07T22:25:21","slug":"phat-quoc-ky-su-06-chuong-vii-thanh-ty-xa-ly-vesali-phat-quoc-ky-su-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/08\/phat-quoc-ky-su-06-chuong-vii-thanh-ty-xa-ly-vesali-phat-quoc-ky-su-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Phat quoc ky su – 06. Chuong VII: Thanh Ty Xa Ly (Vesali) – Ph\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c k\u00fd s\u1ef1"},"content":{"rendered":"

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\n Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 vua A D\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u00e1p th\u1edd X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u n\u01a1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni \u0111o\u00e0n.<\/span>\n <\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n

T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly (Ves\u0101li) l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Licchavi, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00fac ph\u00fac cho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Ves\u0101li, v\u00ec Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. <\/strong><\/p>\n

1. Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly c\u1ed5 x\u01b0a<\/strong><\/p>\n

Kho\u1ea3ng 1 gi\u1edd chi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0y m\u00f9ng hai T\u1ebft M\u1eadu T\u00fd, \u0111o\u00e0n \t\tch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00f9a Ki\u1ec1u \u0110\u00e0m Di, ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i \t\tVes\u0101li, ni s\u01b0 Khi\u1ebft Minh tr\u1ee5 \t\ttr\u00ec, xin ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103m vi\u1ebfng c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Sau khi \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t b\u1eefa c\u01a1m \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u00e0 h\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb Vi\u1ec7t Nam do ch\u01b0 ni trong ch\u00f9a th\u1ebft \u0111\u00e3i, \t\tnh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 trong d\u1ecbp t\u1ebft, \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y vui s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t x\u00fac \u0111\u1ed9ng \t\tcho nh\u1eefng n\u1eef tu Vi\u1ec7t Nam ph\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n d\u1ea5n th\u00e2n c\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3, chung g\u00f3p b\u00e0n \t\ttay vun \u0111\u1eafp n\u01a1i th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng sung th\u1ea1nh, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4 c\u1eb1n s\u1ecfi \t\t\u0111\u00e1 th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng lu\u1ed1ng rau xanh t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t, bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t hoang v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng \t\tth\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n khang trang. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u00e1nh thi\u1ec7n, nh\u1eefng \t\tcon ng\u01b0\u1eddi hy sinh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1o l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00edch l\u1ec7 \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00e0ng quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m \t\th\u01a1n n\u1eefa, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong tinh th\u1ea7n tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, h\u00e0i ho\u00e0, mong ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \t\tt\u1ed1t nh\u1eefng ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra.<\/p>\n

T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly (Ves\u0101li) \t\tl\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Licchavi, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, n\u01a1i \t\tm\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \t\t\u0111\u00e2y, l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 ch\u00fac ph\u00fac \t\tcho to\u00e0n d\u00e2n th\u00e0nh Ves\u0101li, \t\tv\u00ec Ng\u00e0i th\u1eeba bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \t\tn\u00e0o n\u1eefa. Khi r\u1eddi T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ngo\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u00e1n th\u00e1n: \t\t\u201c\u00d4i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p thay th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly! \u00d4i xinh \u0111\u1eb9p thay nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec7n th\u1edd v\u00e0 \t\tnh\u1eefng khu l\u00e2m vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly.\u201d Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly c\u00f2n l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng \t\tc\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Duy Ma C\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb c\u01b0 s\u0129 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \t\tnh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh trong Kinh Duy Ma C\u1eadt<\/em>. \t\tTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \t\tnh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n t\u00e1m x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ngay sau l\u1ec5 Tr\u00e0 T\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i. Nh\u1eefng \t\tn\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng hay l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly \t\tn\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb Ma \t\tKi\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0 (Magadha) \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly do l\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n d\u00e2n trong \t\tth\u00e0nh, mong nh\u1edd oai \u0111\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u b\u00e1 t\u00e1nh ch\u00fang sinh tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi \t\tn\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i do h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i, d\u00e2n trong th\u00e0nh ch\u1ebft nh\u01b0 r\u1ea1 v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn n\u1ea1n \t\td\u1ecbch nguy hi\u1ec3m. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang \t\tT\u1ef3 \t\tX\u00e1 Ly v\u1edbi nghi l\u1ec5 trang nghi\u00eam r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1 \u0111\u1ebfn bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt. \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \t\tqua s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng v\u00e0 l\u00ean b\u1edd sang n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly. Khi v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 \t\tX\u00e1 Ly \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft kinh Ch\u00e2u B\u00e1u<\/em> (Ratana sutta)<\/em> hay c\u00f2n \t\tg\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh C\u1ea7u An<\/em>, thu\u1ed9c Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 <\/em>(Khuddhaka Nik\u0101ya<\/em>). Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \t\tsai t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nan c\u00f9ng c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed Licchavi \u0111i xung quanh kinh th\u00e0nh, \t\tv\u1eeba t\u1ee5ng kinh n\u00e0y, v\u1eeba r\u1ea3i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Th\u1eadt \t\tl\u00e0 m\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec7m, ti\u1ebfng t\u1ee5ng kinh vang \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \t\tth\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ea5m s\u00e9t n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 m\u01b0a tu\u00f4n xu\u1ed1ng, nh\u1edd \t\tv\u1eady m\u00e0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 \t\tLy c\u00e0ng k\u00ednh tin \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, h\u00e0ng v\u1ea1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n trong th\u00e0nh xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy y \t\tl\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed t\u1ee5c gia c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n. D\u00e2n ch\u00fang \t\tv\u00e0 Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 h\u1ee3p l\u1ef1c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tinh x\u00e1 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Tr\u00f9ng C\u00e1t\u00a0 (Kutagara), \t\ttrong r\u1eebng \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m (Mahavana) \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng \u1edf l\u1ea1i. Sau 7 \t\tng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 l\u1ea1i Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0 v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ti\u1ec5n \u0111\u01b0a r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 long tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0 N\u01a1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 vua A \t\tD\u1ee5c v\u00e0 th\u00e1p th\u1edd X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u n\u01a1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni \u0111o\u00e0n.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u1ea2nh: \t\tT\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \t\tT\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n sau \u0111\u00f3, th\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ef1 t\u1ea1i tinh x\u00e1 Tr\u00f9ng C\u00e1t. Nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ed9 \t\tkinh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 Mahali, \t\tMahasihanadas, \t\tCula \t\tSaccaka Mahasaccaka<\/em>… C\u0169ng \t\tch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i khu r\u1eebng \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m x\u1ee9 T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly\u00a0 n\u00e0y, Ni \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o ch\u00ednh \t\tth\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia, \t\t\u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1eef tu s\u0129 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 trong \t\t\u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u1ec1 cao vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a n\u1eef gi\u1edbi n\u01a1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u00f3i ri\u00eang hay \t\ttinh th\u1ea7n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng nam n\u1eef tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00f3i chung, l\u00e0 n\u00e9t nh\u00e2n v\u0103n \t\tcao \u0111\u1eb9p, l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m duy nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ea5y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u00f4n gi\u00e1o \t\tc\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e1i t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ngay th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. \t\tB\u1eb1ng l\u1eddi n\u00f3i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c T\u1eeb Ph\u1ee5: \u201cN\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef tu h\u00e0nh tinh t\u1ea5n \t\tc\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n\u201d. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb \u00fd ngh\u0129a quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ea1i \t\tTh\u1eeba \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh cao v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh b\u00ecnh \t\t\u0111\u1eb3ng hay t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1nh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \t\tgi\u00e1o ngh\u0129a th\u00e2m thu\u00fd v\u00e0 vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1n trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. Lu\u1eadt \t\tt\u1ea1ng ghi ch\u00e9p r\u1eb1ng, sau khi vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (Suddhodana) \t\tb\u0103ng h\u00e0, di m\u1eabu Ma Ha Ba X\u00e0 Ba \u0110\u1ec1 (<\/em>Mah\u0101paj\u0101pati \t\tGotam\u012b<\/a><\/em>) \t\tc\u00f9ng 500 th\u1ec3 n\u1eef d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca (Saky\u0101) \t\tt\u1ef1 c\u1ea1o t\u00f3c, th\u00e2n \u0111\u1eafp c\u00e0 sa, \u0111i ch\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea5t t\u1eeb th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \t\t(Kapilavatthu) \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly (Ves\u0101li), \t\tn\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111ang gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia. Nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 nh\u1eabn n\u1ea1i th\u01b0a th\u1ec9nh \t\tth\u1ed1ng thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a A Nan c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m cao \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a di m\u1eabu v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 n\u1eef \t\td\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \t\tch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn cho n\u1eef l\u01b0u gia nh\u1eadp T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 t\u00e1m \t\t\u0111i\u1ec1u (b\u00e1t k\u1ec9nh ph\u00e1p) t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y xu\u1ea5t gia cho \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ecdn \u0111\u1eddi. T\u00e1m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea5y l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1\u00a0 M\u1ed9t T\u1ef3 kheo ni, d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 \t\ttr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i h\u1ea1 khi g\u1eb7p th\u1ea7y T\u1ef3 kheo m\u1edbi th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi C\u1ee5 t\u00fac c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u00e0o \t\th\u1ecfi, \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u1ed5n ph\u1eadn th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 \t\tkheo.<\/p>\n

2- M\u1ed9t T\u1ef3 kheo ni kh\u00f4ng \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ec3n tr\u00e1ch hay n\u1eb7ng l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo trong b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \t\th\u1ee3p n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

3- T\u1ef3 kheo ni kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \t\tng\u0103n T\u1ef3 kheo x\u00e9t t\u1ed9i, thuy\u1ebft gi\u1edbi, t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9 hay n\u00f3i l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a T\u1ef3 kheo. Tr\u00e1i \t\tl\u1ea1i, T\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n c\u1eed t\u1ed9i T\u1ef3 kheo ni.<\/p>\n

4- Mu\u1ed1n th\u1ecd tr\u00ec C\u1ee5 t\u00fac gi\u1edbi \t\tph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua hai b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng: T\u1ef3 kheo ni v\u00e0 T\u1ef3 kheo<\/p>\n

5- N\u1ebfu T\u1ef3 kheo ni ph\u1ea1m t\u1ed9i \t\th\u1eefu d\u01b0 (T\u0103ng t\u00e0n) th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc hai b\u1ed9 T\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p \u00dd h\u1ef7 (Ma \t\tna \u0111\u1ecfa) trong th\u1eddi gian n\u1eeda th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

6- N\u1eeda th\u00e1ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn b\u00ean \t\tT\u1ef3 kheo t\u0103ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea7u d\u1ea1y b\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n

7- Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an c\u01b0 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1 \t\t\u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 T\u1ef3 kheo \u1edf.<\/p>\n

8- Khi an c\u01b0 xong, ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ebfn \t\tT\u1ef3 kheo t\u0103ng c\u1ea7u ba s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 t\u1ee9: th\u1ea5y, nghe v\u00e0 nghi.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u1ec7 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1i \t\tnh\u00ecn tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00ec r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u00e0 nh\u1eb1m b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 cho ni \t\t\u0111o\u00e0n sinh ho\u1ea1t y\u00ean \u1ed5n v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn n\u1eef gi\u1edbi d\u1ec5 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb b\u1ea3n ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00e1nh \t\tv\u1ecb mau ch\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00f4i t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n c\u0169 t\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly, \t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u0169ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 m\u00e0 x\u01b0a kia ch\u01b0 ni \u0111\u00e3 \t\tt\u1eebng l\u01b0u tr\u00fa tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

3. Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 vua A D\u1ee5c (Asoka)<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 vua A D\u1ee5c\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m \t\tB\u1eedu <\/em><\/p>\n

Trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a vua A D\u1ee5c (Asoka), v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 \t\t20, \u00d4ng c\u0169ng th\u00e2n h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u00eam b\u00e1i v\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng th\u1ea1ch tr\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t \t\ttrong nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea1ch tr\u1ee5 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9,\u00a0 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \t\tgi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec7n nay, h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vua A D\u1ee5c \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean trong t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, g\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed5, do \t\tc\u00e1c \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed1i ngh\u1ecbch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 qu\u00e2n H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o b\u1ea1o t\u00e0n. Ch\u1ec9 duy nh\u1ea5t \t\tn\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ea1ch tr\u1ee5 s\u01b0 t\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng, \t\thi\u00ean ngang gi\u1eefa khu ph\u1ebf t\u00edch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Th\u1ea1ch tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kh\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e1 nguy\u00ean \t\t\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ebdo g\u1ecdt tr\u00f2n l\u00e1ng, cao kho\u1ea3ng 11m v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh kho\u1ea3ng 1m. Tr\u00ean \t\tth\u00e2n tr\u1ee5 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u hoa v\u0103n v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng bia k\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc b\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3u ch\u1eef \t\tBrahmi, \u1edf \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh s\u01b0 t\u1eed m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng B\u1eafc. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng ch\u1eef \t\tkh\u1eafc tr\u00ean th\u00e2n tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 \t\tl\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng di ng\u00f4n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi gi\u00e3 t\u1eeb d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \t\tT\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly \u0111i v\u1ec1 C\u00e2u Thi Na nh\u1eadp \t\tV\u00f4 D\u01b0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea1ch tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n g\u1ea1ch c\u0169 chu vi kho\u1ea3ng 15 m \t\tvu\u00f4ng, cao kho\u1ea3ng 3m, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p do vua A D\u1ee5c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd X\u00e1 \t\tL\u1ee3i Ng\u00e0i A Nan, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong vi\u1ec7c xin cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \t\tni \u0111o\u00e0n Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. V\u00e0o n\u0103m 1976, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u00ecm \t\tth\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t h\u1ed9p b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ef1ng x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i, v\u00e0i l\u00e1 v\u00e0ng r\u00f2ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 qu\u00fd \t\tr\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf. Xung quanh ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1edd t\u01b0\u1eddng c\u0169 m\u1ee5c, c\u0169ng c\u00f3 \t\tth\u1ec3 l\u00e0 di t\u00edch c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng tu vi\u1ec7n c\u0169 hay nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p nh\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y \t\td\u1ef1ng xung quanh \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00e1p n\u00e0y. Ph\u00eda sau th\u1ea1ch tr\u1ee5 kho\u1ea3ng 10m, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \t\th\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00ecnh ch\u1eef nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ramakunda, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 H\u1ed3 Kh\u1ec9, nh\u1eb1m l\u1ea5y t\u00ean \t\tc\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 ch\u00faa th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u1ec9nh b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, leo l\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00e0nh \t\tc\u00e2y h\u00e1i tr\u00e1i v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi Ng\u00e0i d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i \t\tkhu \u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

4. Th\u00e1p th\u1edd X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Licchavi<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Th\u00e1p th\u1edd X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Licchavi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \t\t\u00a0\u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 3km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng T\u00e2y, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n th\u00e1p \t\tl\u1edbn thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Licchavi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00f4n th\u1edd X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta cho \t\tr\u1eb1ng, vua A D\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 khai qu\u1eadt th\u00e1p n\u00e0y, \u0111em x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i ph\u00e2n chia th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u \t\tph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u00e1p th\u1edd tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Hi\u1ec7n nay, n\u01a1i n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \t\tc\u00f2n l\u1ea1i n\u1ec1n g\u1ea1ch c\u0169 ch\u1ea1y v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n, s\u00e2u trong l\u00f2ng d\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 4m. Ph\u00eda \t\ttr\u00ean d\u1ef1ng l\u1ec1u v\u00f2m tr\u00f2n b\u1eb1ng v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 toon nh\u1ef1a m\u00e0u xanh, \u0111\u1ec3 che \t\tn\u1eafng m\u01b0a l\u00e0m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 x\u00f3i m\u00f2n v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

5. Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u1eef Ambap\u0101l\u012b<\/strong><\/p>\n


<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 k\u1ef9 n\u1eef Ambap\u0101l\u012b\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m \t\tB\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

Quanh v\u00f9ng T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly (Ves\u0101li) \t\tn\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng truy\u1ec1n v\u1edbi nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 n\u1eef \t\tAmbap\u0101l\u012b c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u00f4 g\u00e1i v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i<\/strong>, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ef9 n\u1eef t\u00e0i hoa, \t\tnhan s\u1eafc tuy\u1ec7t tr\u1ea7n, d\u00e1ng v\u1ebb qu\u00ed ph\u00e1i. Ti\u1ebfng t\u0103m c\u1ee7a n\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 vang \t\td\u1ed9i t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly m\u00e0 c\u00f2n lan xa \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e2n c\u1eadn, l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u \t\tv\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f4n c\u00f4ng t\u1eed b\u1ecf nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng s\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c cho n\u00e0ng. Nhan s\u1eafc c\u1ee7a \t\tn\u00e0ng chinh ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng T\u1ea7n B\u00e0 Sa La (Bimbis\u0101ra), l\u00e0 vua c\u1ee7a \t\tn\u01b0\u1edbc Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0 (Magadha) n\u00ean n\u00e0ng \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con trai v\u1edbi v\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y t\u00ean \t\tl\u00e0 Vimalakondanna, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y sau tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 kheo trong gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n c\u1ee7a \t\tPh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

L\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 t\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n ngang qua th\u00e0nh \t\tT\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly v\u00e0 d\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9 t\u1ea1i khu v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a B\u00e0. B\u00e0 v\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c \t\tPh\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u0103ng nh\u1eadn ph\u1ea7n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u1ecd trai ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \t\tnh\u1eadn l\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch im l\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng trong \t\tPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Khi hay tin \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn b\u1eefa ng\u1ecd trai ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau do \t\tAmbap\u0101l\u012b c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng, nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00fa gia c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c h\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng t\u1eed \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 \t\tnh\u01b0\u1eddng bu\u1ed5i c\u01a1m tr\u01b0a cho v\u1ecb th\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ea5t cao \t\tnh\u01b0ng B\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i (kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/em> thu\u1ed9c Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \t\tB\u1ed9<\/em>). Sau b\u1eefa ng\u1ecd trai th\u1ecbnh so\u1ea1n h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, B\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea3 \t\tv\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i cho Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tinh x\u00e1. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng \t\tl\u1eddi c\u1ea3m ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a con trai B\u00e0, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Vimalakondanna, m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n \t\tdo B\u00e0 qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1m b\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a th\u00e2n x\u00e1c, s\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb9p ch\u00f3ng \t\tt\u00e0n phai, m\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u1ee9u c\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, n\u00ean \t\tB\u00e0 ph\u00e1t t\u00e2m xu\u1ea5t gia, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 kheo ni v\u00e0 d\u1ed1c l\u00f2ng tu t\u1eadp, ch\u1eb3ng bao \t\tl\u00e2u ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. Nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi ch\u00e9p \t\t\u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong Tr\u01b0\u1edfng L\u00e3o Ni K\u1ec7<\/em> (Ther\u012bg\u0101th\u0101<\/em>).<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eadn n\u01a1i khu v\u01b0\u1eddn l\u1ecbch s\u1eed n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta \t\tkh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y g\u00ec gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ef1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 khu ph\u1ed1 \t\tnh\u1ecf ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n v\u00e0i th\u1ee9 h\u00e0ng th\u00f4n qu\u00ea v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea1p kh\u00e1c. Khu\u00f4n \t\tvi\u00ean c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng r\u00e0o bao quanh, ph\u00eda tr\u00ean c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 \t\tn\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ambap\u0101l\u012b, b\u00ean trong l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0ng nho nh\u1ecf c\u00f3 hai \t\tph\u00f2ng. Th\u1eadt t\u1ebf m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, c\u01b0 d\u00e2n quanh v\u00f9ng v\u1eabn x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \t\t\u1edf c\u1ee7a B\u00e0 ng\u00e0y x\u01b0a v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n nhau c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n li k\u1ef3, nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o \t\tv\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t danh nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ecba. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1ed3ng l\u1ea1i khu \t\tv\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i trong m\u1ed9t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m khu v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i vang ti\u1ebfng \t\tc\u1ee7a m\u1ea5y ng\u00e0n n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

6. N\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Duy Ma<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Duy Ma C\u1eadt\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \t\t\u00a0\u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m B\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 Ambap\u0101l\u012b, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1eebng \t\tl\u1ea1i khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 s\u0129 B\u1ed3 T\u00e1t Duy Ma thu\u1edf x\u01b0a, nh\u00e2n \t\tv\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u1ea5t, l\u00e0 danh x\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 kinh \u0111\u1eb7c \t\ttr\u01b0ng trong v\u0103n h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 Duy Ma C\u1eadt S\u1edf Thuy\u1ebft \t\tKinh.<\/em> Nh\u1edd t\u00ednh \u0111a v\u0103n, bi\u1ec7n t\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec7 \t\tt\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt th\u00e1n ph\u1ee5c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng. M\u1eb7c d\u00f9 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i c\u00f3 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 t\u00ean \t\ttu\u1ed5i trong th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly n\u0103m n\u00e0o, hi\u1ec7n nay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t hoang s\u01a1, c\u1ecf \t\tm\u1ecdc um t\u00f9m, bao quanh m\u1ed9t h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00eanh m\u00f4ng, v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i c\u00e2y c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 \t\tnghi\u00eang m\u00ecnh tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t h\u1ed3 trong xanh y\u00ean \u1ea3. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 \t\tch\u00fang ta h\u00ecnh dung v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 huy\u1ec1n b\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4i t\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t \t\ttr\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u00e1u vu\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a ba ng\u00e0n to\u00e0 s\u01b0 t\u1eed. Nh\u00ecn c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, bu\u1ed3n \t\tt\u00eanh, l\u00f2ng b\u1ed7ng nao nao kh\u00f3 t\u1ea3, khi ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng sanh \t\tdi\u1ec7t, nay c\u1ed3n mai bi\u1ec3n, b\u00e3i b\u1ec3 n\u01b0\u01a1ng d\u00e2u, bi\u1ebft bao ki\u1ebfp l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean \t\ttr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5u h\u1ebft n\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n th\u1ebf. Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c nh\u01b0 \t\t\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ng\u1ed9, ch\u00fang ta m\u1edbi hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5u m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 ng\u00f4n \t\tng\u1eef tr\u1ea7n gian kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3 h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. Xe \t\t\u0111\u00e3 r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01a1i k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0n x\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Duy Ma, nh\u01b0ng h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh hoang \t\ts\u01a1, y\u00ean \u1ea3 c\u1ee7a bu\u1ed5i x\u1ebf chi\u1ec1u v\u1eeba ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ee9 hi\u1ec7n m\u00e3i trong l\u00f2ng k\u1ebb l\u1eef \t\th\u00e0nh \u0111ang t\u00ecm l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng g\u00ec c\u00f2n s\u00f3t l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \t\tt\u00e0n ph\u00e1 b\u1edfi thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 l\u00f2ng hi\u1ec1m th\u00f9, h\u1eb9p h\u00f2i \u00edch k\u1ef7 c\u1ee7a con \t\tng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

7. N\u01a1i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n II<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

Khu k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 II\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u1ea2nh: T\u00e2m \t\tB\u1eedu<\/em><\/p>\n

V\u1eeba qua \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u1ed3 gh\u1ec1 trong m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng qu\u00ea h\u1ebbo \t\tl\u00e1nh, n\u1ebfu tr\u1eddi m\u01b0a th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 \t\t\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, kho\u1ea3ng 100 n\u0103m sau \t\tPh\u1eadt Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n. N\u1ed7i bu\u1ed3n v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i Duy Ma C\u1eadt ch\u01b0a h\u1ebft ni\u1ec1m \t\tv\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ea5n, l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3nh x\u00e2m chi\u1ebfm b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \t\t\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o n\u1eb1m gi\u1eefa m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho l\u00e0 n\u01a1i l\u1ecbch s\u1eed m\u00e0 b\u1ea3y \t\ttr\u0103m v\u1ecb th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng t\u1eadp trung k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \t\tc\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Th\u1ea5t B\u00e1ch K\u1ebft T\u1eadp. V\u00e0 t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft \t\tt\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o chia th\u00e0nh hai b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i: Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng To\u1ea1 B\u1ed9 \t\t(Therav\u0101da) v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 (Mahasanghika).<\/p>\n

Kh\u00f4ng ri\u00eang g\u00ec n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, \t\th\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 n\u01a1i n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u00e1nh t\u00edch \t\tPh\u1eadt gi\u00e1o th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o l\u1ea1i x\u00e2m canh ngay n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 \t\td\u1ef1ng l\u00ean m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1n, ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i th\u1edd t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cho l\u00e0 linh \t\tthi\u00eang. <\/strong>Khu k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng dung ch\u1ee9a b\u1ea3y tr\u0103m v\u1ecb \t\tth\u00e1nh t\u0103ng h\u00f4m n\u00e0o, nay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i \u201cnh\u00e0 ch\u00f2i<\/em>\u201d \t\tb\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n gi\u00e1o. Ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, t\u00e0ng ph\u1ee7 \t\ttr\u00f9m c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng ch\u1eafc c\u0169ng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd. Xung quanh l\u00e0 ru\u1ed9ng l\u00faa \t\tv\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ecf hoang vu c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba \t\tph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ho\u00e0ng h\u00f4n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee7 tr\u00f9m tr\u00ean l\u1ed1i \u0111i, c\u1ea3nh v\u1eadt xung quanh \t\td\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 m\u1edd d\u1ea7n, l\u1ea1i th\u00eam n\u01a1i v\u1eafng v\u1ebb, \u0111o\u00e0n ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 ghi m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i \t\th\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh l\u01b0u ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n t\u1eeb bi (ch\u00f9a Ki\u1ec1u \t\t\u0110\u00e0m Di) ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129, th\u00f4i h\u00e3y \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o \t\tqu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt ch\u00ecm v\u00e0o b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00eam. \u0110\u1eddi l\u00e0 th\u1ebf, m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u1ebfu thua, \t\tl\u00e0 m\u1ed9t quy lu\u1eadt m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t m\u00e3n sau l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u \t\ttham d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 H\u1ea1 \u0111i\u1ec1n thu\u1edf thi\u1ebfu th\u1eddi. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 \t\tng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1o Ph\u1eadt nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec l\u1ee3i \u00edch c\u1ee7a \t\tcon ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t ch\u00e2n l\u00fd s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea7y tu\u1ec7 gi\u00e1c, l\u00e0 qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \t\tm\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi con Ph\u1eadt, cho c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ai bi\u1ebft s\u1ed1ng v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n