{"id":6432,"date":"2020-11-18T03:21:36","date_gmt":"2020-11-17T20:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/?p=6432"},"modified":"2020-11-18T03:35:18","modified_gmt":"2020-11-17T20:35:18","slug":"tong-hop-thanh-tich-thoi-duc-phat-va-bay-gio","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/18\/tong-hop-thanh-tich-thoi-duc-phat-va-bay-gio\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p th\u00e1nh t\u00edch th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng &#8230;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1eeb phatgiao.org.vn , thuvienhoasen.org , daophatngaynay.com<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9  \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ( c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecba danh ch\u00ednh , c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed-wordpress wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-tam-h\u1ecdc\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"uxikFdmqUy\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/18\/an-do-den-thoi-duc-phat\/\">\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"\u201c\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt\u201d \u2014 T\u00e2m h\u1ecdc\" src=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/18\/an-do-den-thoi-duc-phat\/embed\/#?secret=feXVQ0G08D#?secret=uxikFdmqUy\" data-secret=\"uxikFdmqUy\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>T\u00f3m l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1.V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0(\u85cd\u6bd7\u5c3c-Lumbini) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sinh \u4f5b\u8a95\u751f, ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng 04 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n \u4f5b\u8a95 c\u0169ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 sinh nh\u1eadt c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Lumbini nay l\u00e0 qu\u1eadn Rupandehi thu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc Nepal n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kho\u1ea3ng 36 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br><strong>2. B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u83e9\u63d0\u9053\u5834-Bodh Gaya) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Ni Li\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n (\u5c3c\u9023\u79aa-Niranjana). Nay l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn Gaya, bang Bihar, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh t\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 Patna c\u1ee7a bang Bihar 96km, c\u00f3 th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c cao 52m. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c T\u1ef1 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi Vi\u1ec7t Nam x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng, kh\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh n\u0103m 1987 do th\u1ea7y Th\u00edch Huy\u1ec1n Di\u1ec7u tr\u1ee5 tr\u00ec, n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch di ch\u1ec9 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng 2km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br><strong>3. L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0(\u9e7f\u82d1-Sarnath) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ed9c D\u00e3 (\u9e7f\u91ce-Mrigadava, v\u01b0\u1eddn nai) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean cho 5 anh em Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 (\u618d\u9648\u5982-Ko\u1e47\u1e0da\u00f1\u00f1a), kinh g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n. V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 c\u1ed5 Varanasi (Ba La N\u1ea1i-\u83e0\u7f85\u5948) kho\u1ea3ng 10 km. Varanasi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a bang Uttar Pradesh, nay th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 d\u1eddi v\u1ec1 Lucknow. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u00e1p Dharmarajika l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean b\u1edfi vua Ashoka c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng, v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c di chuy\u1ec3n t\u1edbi Varanasi \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng trong th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 18.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br><strong>4. C\u00e2u Thi Na<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0(\u62d8\u5c38\u90a3-Kushinagar) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e2y sa la (sa la song th\u1ecd- \u6c99\u7f85\u96d9\u6a39). C\u00e2u Thi Na l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c Malla, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb t\u1ee9 nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, nh\u01b0ng \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u1ea1i ch\u1ecdn n\u01a1i n\u00e0y l\u00e0m n\u01a1i di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi l\u00fd do li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n Ng\u00e0i. Th\u1eddi xa x\u01b0a, C\u00e2u Thi Na l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Chuy\u1ec3n Lu\u00e2n Th\u00e1nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng \u8f49\u8f2a\u8056\u738b t\u00ean l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn \u5584\u898b, m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, x\u01b0a c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t kinh \u0111\u00f4 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh ph\u00fa c\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00e0 c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3 b\u00e1o th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ea3y l\u1ea7n. Ng\u00e0y nay Kushinagar l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u1ea5n nh\u1ecf kho\u1ea3ng 18.000 d\u00e2n, thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn Kushinagar, bang Uttar Pradesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br><strong>5. Th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0(\u8fe6\u6bd8\u7f85\u885b-Kapilavatthu) n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Nepal \u2013 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, ti\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c n\u00e0y r\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 320 km2 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a trong su\u1ed1t 19 n\u0103m \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt trong tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a vua cha T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (\u6de8\u98ef-Suddhodana). S\u00e1ch \u0110\u1ea1i \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng T\u00e2y V\u1ef1c K\u00fd c\u1ee7a Huy\u1ec1n Trang ghi \u201cN\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu vi kho\u1ea3ng h\u01a1n 4000 d\u1eb7m. Trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 10 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec1u hoang ph\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111i\u00eau t\u00e0n t\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9. Th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00f9i l\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5 n\u00e1t\u201d. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec ngay trong th\u1eddi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1, d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca b\u1ecb t\u00e0n s\u00e1t b\u1edfi th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly (\u6bd8\u7409\u7483-Virudhaka) con th\u1ee9 c\u1ee7a vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c, em c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0 (\u7947\u9640-Jeta).<br>6\/Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 (\u738b\u820d\u57ce-Rajagaha), kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a t\u1ea7m s\u01b0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00fac m\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean theo l\u1eddi h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi vua T\u1ea7n B\u00e0 Sa La (\u983b\u5a46\u5a11\u7f85-sa. bimbis\u0101ra) sau khi thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho nh\u00f3m Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, trong bu\u1ed5i ban \u00a0\u0111\u1ea7u sau th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m T\u1ecbnh X\u00e1 (Veluvana) do vua T\u1ea7n B\u00e0 Sa La t\u1eb7ng. \u0110\u1ee9c \u00a0Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3i qua m\u00f9a an c\u01b0 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i hang \u0111\u1ed9ng Sattapanni. G\u1ea7n th\u00e0nh n\u00e0y c\u00f3 n\u00fai Linh Th\u1ee9u (\u9748\u9df2-Gijjhakuta), v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i Jivaka. \u0110\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt h\u00e0ng ph\u1ee5c con voi hung h\u00e3n c\u1ee7a vua A X\u00e0 Th\u1ebf (\u963f\u95cd\u4e16-sa. aj\u0101ta\u015batru) m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (\u63d0\u5a46\u9054\u591a-Devadatta) s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br><strong>7. Th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00a0(\u6bd7\u820d\u96e2-Vaisali), kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Licchavi, \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01b0 \u00a0s\u0129 Duy Ma C\u1eadt (\u7dad\u6469\u8a70-sa. vimalak\u012brti), l\u00e0 b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a Kinh Duy Ma C\u1eadt S\u1edf Thuy\u1ebft, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt t\u1eebng c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p t\u1ea9y tr\u1eeb d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang, c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 T\u1ef3 Kheo Ni, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u00a0Ph\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br><strong>8. Th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u820d\u885b-sa. \u015br\u0101vast\u012b pa. Savatthi) l\u00e0 kinh \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec1u T\u00e1t La (\u618d\u85a9\u7f85- Kosala), do vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c (\u6ce2\u65af\u533f-Pasenadi) cai tr\u1ecb. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 T\u1ecbnh X\u00e1 K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean m\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 mua c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0 (Jeta) \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa ch\u00ednh cho \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed. V\u1ec1 sau th\u00e1i t\u1eed K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0 b\u1ecb em l\u00e0 T\u1ef3 L\u01b0u Ly s\u00e1t h\u1ea1i v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 cu\u1ed9c t\u00e0n s\u00e1t d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua 25 m\u00f9a an c\u01b0 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. C\u00e1ch t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean (Jetavana) kho\u1ea3ng 5 km c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 khu \u0110\u00f4ng vi\u00ean L\u1ed9c M\u1eabu gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng (\u6771\u5712\u9e7f\u6bcd\u8b1b\u5802-Pubb\u0101r\u0101ma Mig\u0101ram\u0101tup\u0101s\u0101da), do n\u1eef th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Kh\u01b0 (\u6bd7\u820d\u4f49-Visakha) c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean 120 tu\u1ed5i, qua \u0111\u1eddi sau khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n kho\u1ea3ng 60 n\u0103m. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 c\u1ed5 th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n, do t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nan \u0110\u00e0 (\u963f\u96e3\u9640-\u0100nanda) tr\u1ed3ng, chi\u1ebft c\u00e0nh t\u1eeb c\u1ed9i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Savatthi ng\u00e0y nay c\u0169ng n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Nepal- \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u00a0thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn Shravasti, bang Uttar Pradesh, c\u00e1ch Lucknow (th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a bang) 170km v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/cay-bo-de-a-nan-da-Copy.jpg\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>C\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 do t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 A Nan \u0110\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed5ng t\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>9. T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 Thi<\/strong>\u00a0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u50e7\u4f3d\u65bd-Sankasya) l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i \u5fc9\u5229 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho m\u1eabu h\u1eadu Ma Da v\u00e0 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 sau ba th\u00e1ng. T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i tr\u1eddi \u00d0\u1ebf Th\u00edch v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m thi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 theo h\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt khi Ng\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi th\u1ee9 33 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian. Ng\u00e0y nay, Sankasya l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf b\u00e9 ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi 1000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c qu\u1eadn<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Mainpuri, bang Uttar Pradesh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>10. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Nalanda<\/strong>.<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"> Nalanda c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u00a0\u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi trao tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u201d. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khu \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o su\u1ed1t t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 V \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 XII. Sinh th\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 th\u00ec ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Khi \u0111i t\u1eeb V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 \u0111\u1ebfn Hoa Th\u1ecb Th\u00e0nh (Pataliputta nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Patna), Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i ngang Nalanda, d\u1eebng ch\u00e2n t\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Pavarika v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. T\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t (\u820d\u5229\u5f17-sa. \u015b\u0101riputra) t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0i Long Th\u1ecd (Nagarjuna) c\u0169ng t\u1eebng h\u1ecdc t\u1ea1i Nalanda. Nalanda c\u00e1ch th\u1ee7 ph\u1ee7 Patna 90km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0110\u00f4ng nam, c\u00e1ch V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 kho\u1ea3ng 12km. \u0110\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i ng\u00f4i l\u00e0ng Bada Ganon. \u00a0L\u00fac th\u1ecbnh th\u1eddi , khu \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ng\u00e0n sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 hai ng\u00e0n gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. Nalanda b\u1ecb h\u1ee7y di\u1ec7t, thi\u00eau r\u1ee5i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1193, khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Th\u1ed5 Nh\u0129 K\u1ef3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 huy c\u1ee7a Bakhtiyar Khilji \u0111\u00e1nh ph\u00e1 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed1t ph\u00e1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, t\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft c\u00e1c T\u0103ng s\u0129 \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. S\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 suy t\u00e0n c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 suy y\u1ebfu tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1915 (trong su\u1ed1t th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb 1915-1937, v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb 1974-1982), Nalanda ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 h\u1ecdc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (Archaeological Survey of India), v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i Royal Asiatic Society c\u1ee7a Anh. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y, nhi\u1ec1u di t\u00edch li\u00ean quan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n. To\u00e0n khu v\u1ef1c Nalanda ng\u00e0y nay r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 14 hecta. Tuy \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khai qu\u1eadt nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a theo k\u00fd s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang th\u00ec nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Nalanda x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/thanh-tich-pg-copy3-Copy.jpg\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Th\u00e1nh t\u00edch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng, Kushinagar, \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trung t\u00e2m c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch, c\u00e1ch Lumbini kho\u1ea3ng 100km, c\u00e1ch Vaishali 150km, c\u00e1ch Sarnath 200km, c\u00e1ch Bodhigaya 300km, c\u00e1ch Sankasya kho\u1ea3ng 400km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch n\u1eb1m trong bang Uttar Pradesh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/uttah-pradesh-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u00f3 4 th\u00e1nh t\u00edch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i bang Bihar.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o quan tr\u1ecdng t\u1ea1i bang Bihar : Vaishali (T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly), Nalanda, Ragir (V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1), Bodhgaya (B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng)<br>\u0110\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 hai bang Uttar Pradesh, Bihar v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n Nepal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/india-states-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ecba b\u00e0n ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 trong ph\u1ea1m vi hai bang Uttar Pradesh, \u00a0Bihar v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Nepal ng\u00e0y nay. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00f9ng ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 di\u1ec7n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng c\u1ed9ng kho\u1ea3ng 340.000 km2 \u00a0, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi di\u1ec7n t\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><br><strong>S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca M\u00e2u Ni (\u91ca\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c-Sakya Muni) sinh n\u0103m 623 tr\u01b0\u1edbc C\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2013 CN th\u00ec ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2636 tu\u1ed5i. Nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt L\u1ecbch ch\u1ec9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb l\u00fac ng\u00e0i nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, n\u0103m 543 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN k\u1ec3 l\u00e0 n\u0103m 1, \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea7u CN l\u00e0 PL 544 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn nay l\u00e0 PL 2557. \u00a0Th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng b\u1eadc th\u00e1nh tr\u00ed xu\u1ea5t ch\u00fang; L\u00e3o T\u1eed (sinh n\u0103m 570 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, \u00a0s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1o gi\u00e1o), Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed ( sinh n\u0103m 551 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp Nho gi\u00e1o) nh\u1eefng t\u00f4ng gi\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn lao, s\u00e2u xa \u0111\u1ebfn suy ngh\u0129, ni\u1ec1m tin v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean tr\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea5t, h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t, \u0111em l\u1ea1i h\u00f2a b\u00ecnh, th\u1ecbnh tr\u1ecb, thu\u1ea7n ph\u00e1c cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<br>Nguy\u00ean qu\u00e1n c\u1ee7a Siddh\u0101rtha Gautama (T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a-\u6089\u8fbe\u591a-C\u00f9 \u0110\u00e0m-\u77bf\u66c7 hay Ki\u1ec1u \u0110\u1ea1t Ma-\u55ac\u9054\u6469-Gautama) l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7 (\u8fe6\u6bd8\u7f85\u885b sa. (sankrit): Kapilavastu), ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Padaria. V\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c c\u00f9ng t\u00ean thu\u1ed9c d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd Th\u00edch Ca \u91ca\u8fe6 (Sakyas), d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n tr\u1ecb v\u00ec c\u1ee7a vua T\u1ecbnh Ph\u1ea1n (\u6de8\u98ef-sa. \u015buddhodana).<br>Ca T\u1ef3 La V\u1ec7, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u1ea5y, l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ki\u1ec1u T\u00e1t La (\u618d\u85a9\u7f85-sa. ko\u015bala). B\u1ea5y gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi cai tr\u1ecb Kosala l\u00e0 vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c (\u6ce2\u65af\u533f (Pali): Pasenadi; sa.: Prasenajit), c\u00f3 kinh \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u00f3ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7 (\u820d\u885b-Skt.: Sravasti), nay thu\u1ed9c bang Uttar Pradesh, mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<br>L\u00fac g\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y sinh, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da-\u6469\u8036 (Mayadevi) \u0111i v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea m\u1eb9 \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb sinh con theo truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, d\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni (\u85cd\u6bd7\u5c3c-Lumbini) th\u00ec h\u1ea1 sinh th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/lumbini-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u00fac m\u1edbi sinh ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 32 t\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ed1t, nh\u00e0 ti\u00ean tri A T\u01b0 \u0110\u00e0 (\u963f\u79c1\u9640-Asita) n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf hay m\u1ed9t b\u1eadc gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9. B\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y sau khi sinh th\u00ec m\u1eb9 m\u1ea5t, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00ec, em c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da l\u00e0 Ma Ha Ba X\u00e0 Ba \u0110\u1ec1 Ki\u1ec1u \u0110\u00e0m Di (\u6469\u5475\u6ce2\u95cd\u6ce2\u63d0 \u55ac\u66c7\u5f4c-sa. Mah\u0101praj\u0101pat\u012b Gotami) ch\u0103m s\u00f3c. N\u0103m l\u00ean 16 tu\u1ed5i, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a k\u1ebft h\u00f4n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Da Du \u0110\u00e0 La (\u8036\u8f38\u9640\u7f85-sa. ya\u015bodhar\u0101).<br>N\u0103m 19 tu\u1ed5i, sau khi c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa Da Du \u0110\u00e0 La h\u1ea1 sinh m\u1ed9t b\u00e9 trai &nbsp;\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t t\u00ean l\u00e0 La H\u1ea7u La (\u7f85\u777a\u7f85-sa. r\u0101hula), th\u00e1i t\u1eed T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00eca cung \u0111i\u1ec7n, c\u00f9ng tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m t\u0103ng s\u0129 kh\u00e1c nhau. T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ea1o \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 5 anh em Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0 (\u618d\u9648\u5982-Ko\u1e47\u1e0da\u00f1\u00f1a ) c\u00f9ng tu v\u1edbi T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a. Sau &nbsp;nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh g\u1ea7n k\u1ec1 c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a nh\u1eadn ra \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ph\u00e9p tu d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, ng\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0103n u\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3ng tu kia th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng b\u1ecf \u0111i. Ng\u00e0i &nbsp;ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi g\u1ed1c m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y pipala (v\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1) b\u00ean d\u00f2ng s\u00f4ng Ni Li\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n (\u5c3c\u9023\u79aa-Niranjana) t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i m\u00e0 v\u1ec1 sau g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng r\u1eddi ch\u1ed7 ng\u1ed3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac t\u00ecm ra nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Kh\u1ed5. Sau 49 ng\u00e0y thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 b\u1ecb Ma v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec5u, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u1edf tu\u1ed5i 30 sau 5 n\u0103m t\u1ea7m s\u01b0 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 6 n\u0103m tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. T\u1eeb th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3, T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, H\u00e1n d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 gi\u00e1c gi\u1ea3-\u89ba\u8005 v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n t\u00e1i sinh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ed5 n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/thap-dai-giac-Copy.jpg\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;Th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c t\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1eadt gi\u1edd \u0111\u00e2y mang danh hi\u1ec7u Th\u00edch ca M\u00e2u ni-\u91ca\u8fe6\u725f\u5c3c \u201cTr\u00ed gi\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a d\u00f2ng d\u00f5i Th\u00edch ca\u201d. Sau \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u0103m v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo \u6bd4\u4e18 (phi\u00ean \u00e2m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1ec9 kh\u00e2u, nh\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u01b0\u1eddng phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 t\u1ef3 kheo) c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Qua h\u00e0o quang to\u1ea3 ra t\u1eeb th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ecm ra con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tho\u00e1t kh\u1ed5, con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh. C\u00e1c v\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 xin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 v\u00ec l\u00f2ng t\u1eeb bi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u00fang sinh, Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t s\u1ef1 im l\u1eb7ng. T\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p, kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n (quay b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p), \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 cho 5 anh em Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 T\u1ee9 \u0110\u1ebf (Kh\u1ed5 \u0110\u1ebf-\u82e6\u8ae6-sa. du\u1e25kh\u0101ryasatya, T\u1eadp \u0110\u1ebf-\u96c6\u8ae6-sa. samuday\u0101ryasatya, Di\u1ec7t \u0110\u1ebf-\u6ec5\u8ae6-sa.du\u1e25khanirodh\u0101ryasatya,\u0110\u1ea1o\u0110\u1ebf-\u9053\u8ae6-sa. du\u1e25khanirodhag\u0101min\u012b pratipad) Duy\u00ean Kh\u1edfi (\u7de3\u8d77-sa. prat\u012btyasamutp\u0101da) v\u00e0 lu\u1eadt Nh\u00e2n Qu\u1ea3 \u56e0\u679c. &nbsp;N\u0103m v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo &nbsp;\u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 (\u50e7\u4f3d-pa.Sangha).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/truda_aduc_sarnath-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>V\u1ebft t\u00edch tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vua A D\u1ee5c d\u1ef1ng t\u1ea1i L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau \u0111\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb n\u0103m n\u00e0y qua n\u0103m kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt hay l\u01b0u tr\u00fa t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 (\u738b\u820d\u57ce-sa. r\u0101jag\u1e5bha) v\u00e0 T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly (\u6bd7\u820d\u96e2-sa. vai\u015b\u0101l\u012b), s\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c, \u0111i t\u1eeb n\u01a1i n\u00e0y qua n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c. \u0110\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng \u0111\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 vua T\u1ea7n B\u00e0 Sa La (\u983b\u5a46\u5a11\u7f85-sa. bimbis\u0101ra) c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Ma-ki\u1ec7t-\u0111\u00e0 (\u6469\u63ed\u9640-Magadha). V\u1ecb vua n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eb7ng cho T\u0103ng \u0111o\u00e0n m\u1ed9t tu vi\u1ec7n g\u1ea7n kinh \u0111\u00f4 &nbsp;V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 A Nan \u0110\u00e0 (sa. \u0100nanda-\u963f\u96e3\u9640),X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t (\u820d\u5229\u5f17-sa. \u015b\u0101riputra), M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean (\u76ee\u728d\u9023-pa. Moggall\u0101na) v.v\u2026 C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, \u0111o\u00e0n T\u1ef3 Kheo Ni (\u6bd4\u4e18 \u5c3c-sa. bhik\u1e63u\u1e47\u012b) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp do B\u00e0 Ki\u1ec1u \u0110\u00e0m Di \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u sau r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00ec ban \u0111\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn cho ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef xu\u1ea5t gia, v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ng\u1eafn \u0111i th\u1ecd m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p.<br>Trong b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00e1nh t\u00edch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, ch\u00fang ta th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba danh Sankasya (T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 Thi-\u50e7\u4f3d\u65bd g\u1ea7n New Delhi ng\u00e0y nay), \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u00edt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00ean tr\u1eddi \u0110\u1ea1o L\u1ee3i-\u5fc9\u5229\u5929 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho m\u1eb9 l\u00e0 ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Ma Da nghe, Ph\u1eadt l\u00ean c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t bu\u1ed5i th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n gian th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 ba th\u00e1ng, sau ba th\u00e1ng Ph\u1eadt m\u1edbi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea7n th\u1ebf, c\u00f3 \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean theo h\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1p s\u01b0 Khoan T\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng c\u00f5i T\u00e2y ph\u01b0\u01a1ng C\u1ef1c l\u1ea1c ch\u1ec9 trong 20 gi\u1edd th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eddi th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 5 n\u0103m 6 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/sankasya-1-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bia \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1c s\u1ef1 t\u00edch \u0110\u1ebf Th\u00edch v\u00e0 Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean h\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gian t\u1ea1i Sankasya (T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 Thi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i (\u5fc9\u5229\u5929) \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u ? Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Theo Stephen Hawking (nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd ng\u01b0\u1eddi Anh, hi\u1ec7n mang ch\u1ee9c danh Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Lucasian t\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Cambridge, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc nh\u01b0 Isaac Newton hay Paul Dirac m\u1edbi c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c danh n\u00e0y) v\u00e0 Neil Turok (sinh n\u0103m 1958 t\u1ea1i Johannesburg, South Africa, Gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 V\u1eadt L\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Princeton, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c Vi\u1ec7n Perimeter v\u1ec1 V\u1eadt L\u00fd l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft), hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec1 (postulate) : \u201cThe quantum world is one of virtual particles continually fluctuating in and out of existence, even in a vacuum, of superstrings vibrating and twisting in ten or eleven dimensions, most of which are \u2018rolled up\u2019 and invisible, of a reality in which gravitation, spacetime and matter are or were merged in one \u2018instanton\u201d (Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eed l\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ea1t \u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng qua l\u1ea1i gi\u1eefa hi\u1ec7n h\u1eefu v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 h\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng, c\u1ee7a si\u00eau d\u00e2y rung \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn d\u1ea1ng trong 10 ho\u1eb7c 11 chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch_ m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch \u1ea5y b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n l\u00ean v\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u00ecnh_c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i trong \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ef1c h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, th\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i trong \u2018s\u00e1t na hi\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n\u2019). V\u1eady c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 song song v\u1edbi v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, thu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c chi\u1ec1u k\u00edch kh\u00f4ng gian b\u1ecb cu\u1ed1n l\u1ea1i n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. \u0110\u1ebfn b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o ? B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ni\u1ec7m l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c di chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu trong Tam gi\u1edbi.<br>Trong ch\u00edn th\u00e1nh t\u00edch quan tr\u1ecdng li\u00ean quan tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1edbi \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecba danh Th\u1ea5t La Phi\u1ec7t T\u1ea5t \u0110\u1ec3-\u5ba4\u7f85\u4f10\u6089\u5e95 c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7-\u820d\u885b\u57ce l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n thi tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. N\u0103m \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt 72 tu\u1ed5i (551 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, n\u0103m n\u00e0y t\u1ea1i Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Kh\u1ed5ng T\u1eed ra \u0111\u1eddi) th\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3y ra. C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 r\u1ea5t gi\u00e0u c\u00f3, \u00a0n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng nghe n\u00f3i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 c\u1ee7a v\u1ecb gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng th\u1eadt ra x\u01b0a nay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y ai c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng h\u1ebft, \u00f4ng ta ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ch\u1ec9 x\u01b0ng t\u1ee5ng su\u00f4ng m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u0111\u00e3 xu\u1ea5t ti\u1ec1n ra mua m\u1ed9t b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ecf r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y tre r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 ch\u1eafp th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y s\u00e0o tre r\u1ed3i \u00f4ng treo c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t l\u00ean s\u00e0o tre v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng:<br>\u201cC\u00e2y s\u00e0o n\u00e0y leo l\u00ean th\u00ec r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng m\u1edbi leo l\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, n\u1ebfu th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gian n\u00e0y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u00ec th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t n\u00e0y.\u201d<br>\u00d4ng treo trong b\u1ea3y ng\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u00e1t \u0111\u00f3, sau \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4ng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb sa m\u00f4n ch\u1ec9 kho\u00e1c l\u00e1c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, b\u1ed7ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00f4i, nh\u01b0ng tu h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1eafc th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, v\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111i kh\u1ea5t th\u1ef1c nghe th\u1ea5y nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00ec ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng \u201cn\u1ebfu v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng gi\u1ea3 kia c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t xu\u1ed1ng th\u00ec qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang c\u00e0ng l\u00fac c\u00e0ng tin v\u00e0o t\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p\u201d, do v\u1eady v\u1ecb n\u00e0y th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u00ean l\u1ea5y c\u00e1i b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t xu\u1ed1ng, qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang xung quanh reo h\u00f2 v\u00e0 tin \u0111\u00f3 lan truy\u1ec1n v\u00e0o th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7, \u0111\u1ebfn tai \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt. Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tu s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3n l\u1ed9 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau Ph\u1eadt c\u1ea5m ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo thi tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: \u201cPh\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9 n\u1ebfu Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u00ec Ng\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.\u201d Ph\u1eadt b\u00e8n n\u00f3i v\u1edbi vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c r\u1eb1ng Ng\u00e0i s\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o th\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c, vua Ba T\u01b0 N\u1eb7c h\u1ecfi Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao Ng\u00e0i c\u1ea5m ch\u01b0 t\u1ef3 kheo th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i l\u1ea1i th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u00a0th\u00ec c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n.<br>Tr\u01b0a h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y mang \u0111\u1ebfn cho Ng\u00e0i m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i, tr\u00e1i xo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n \u0103n tr\u00e1ng mi\u1ec7ng, \u0103n xong, Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9t xo\u00e0i xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t, c\u00e1i h\u1ed9t xo\u00e0i li\u1ec1n m\u1ecdc th\u00e0nh c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n, l\u1edbn d\u1ea7n, Ng\u00e0i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i l\u1edbn l\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ee9c Th\u1ebf T\u00f4n hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng ph\u00e9p yamaka-p\u0101\u1e6dih\u0101riya, (th\u1ea7n bi\u1ebfn th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n song \u0111\u1ed1i ) t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 t\u1eeb trong l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng l\u00fac phun ra n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1eeda. Theo nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc thi tri\u1ec3n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u1ebfu mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng l\u1eeda th\u00ec ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c l\u1eeda, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f9ng l\u00fac song song th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n c\u1eb7p m\u00e2u thu\u1eabn, do \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u1ed7 ch\u00e2n l\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 phun ra v\u1eeba n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eeba l\u1eeda, ph\u00e9p th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 yamaka ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 b\u1eadc Ch\u00ednh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00ednh Gi\u00e1c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00e0 th\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u00f9a an c\u01b0 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 m\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3y.<br>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn ba lo\u1ea1i th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng: th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 \u00fd th\u00f4ng, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 phi h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean kh\u00f4ng trung, \u0111i tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc, ho\u1eb7c bi\u1ebfn ra th\u1ebf n\u00e0y th\u1ebf kia, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 hai g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 tha t\u00e2m th\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u00e2m ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c ngh\u0129 g\u00ec, th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o ho\u00e1 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i con ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, th\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ee9a tr\u1ebb h\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh t\u00e2m linh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a con voi hung h\u00e3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ec1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a (\u63d0\u5a46\u9054\u591a-Devadatta) \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean thu\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c, ngoan ngo\u00e3n. Trong ba th\u1ee9 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng n\u00e0y, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt t\u00e1n th\u00e1n c\u00f4ng n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o h\u00f3a th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, n\u1ebfu trong sinh th\u1eddi, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng th\u1ecb hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng th\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p truy\u1ec1n l\u1ea1i cho ch\u00fang ta. Do v\u1eady \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u00f3i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, nh\u01b0ng Ng\u00e0i coi tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng coi tr\u1ecdng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng.<br>Th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3i qua 25 m\u00f9a an c\u01b0 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1 \u5b89\u5c45\u7ed3\u590f (Vass\u00e0 = ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1-\u7ed3\u590f- Rain\u2019s retreat- \u1edf y\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i trong m\u00f9a m\u01b0a). N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 T\u1ecbnh x\u00e1 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 K\u1ef3 Th\u1ecd C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c Vi\u00ean-\u7947\u6a39\u7d66\u5b64\u7368\u5712\uff0c\u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i v\u01b0\u1eddn do tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c (\u7d66\u5b64\u7368-Anathapindika) mua c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0 (\u7947\u9640Jeta) b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch \u00a0tr\u1ea3i v\u00e0ng kh\u1eafp khu v\u01b0\u1eddn. Th\u00e1i t\u1eed th\u00ec c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00e2y tr\u00e1i c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n trong v\u01b0\u1eddn, do \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00f4i v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u00f3 t\u00ean chung nh\u01b0 v\u1eady.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/ky-vien-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>&nbsp;<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>T\u1ecbnh X\u00e1 K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean (K\u1ef3 Th\u1ecd C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c Vi\u00ean) trong th\u00e0nh X\u00e1 V\u1ec7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">S\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 80 tu\u1ed5i, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca t\u1ecbch di\u1ec7t. Qua 49 n\u0103m gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p l\u1eddi m\u00ecnh n\u00f3i l\u00e0 ch\u00e2n l\u00fd, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n gi\u00e1c ng\u1ed9, \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng n\u00f3i l\u1eddi n\u00e0o. L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt l\u00e0: \u201cT\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p h\u1eefu vi \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u1ecbu bi\u1ebfn ho\u1ea1i, h\u00e3y tinh ti\u1ebfn tu h\u1ecdc (\u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t)!\u201d. Theo kinh \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n (\u5927\u822c\u6d85\u69c3\u7ecf-pi. mah\u0101parinibb\u0101na-sutta), \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i C\u00e2u Thi Na (zh. \u62d8\u5c38\u90a3-sa. ku\u1e63inagara), v\u1ec1 ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 \u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 543 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean. Ng\u00e0i t\u1ecbch trong t\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u1eb1m nghi\u00eang gi\u1eefa hai c\u00e2y sala (sa la song th\u1ecd-\u6c99\u7f85\u96d9\u6a39).<br>Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c 4 l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n.<br>L\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t &nbsp;t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 (\u738b\u820d\u57ce-Rajagaha), ba th\u00e1ng sau khi Ph\u1eadt t\u1ecbch, g\u1ed3m 500 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a vua A X\u00e0 Th\u1ebf (\u963f\u95cd\u4e16-Ajatasatru) c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0 (\u6469\u63ed\u9640-Magadha), ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec l\u00e0 Ma ha Ca Di\u1ebfp\u6469\u8a36\u8fe6\u8449. \u01afu B\u00e0 Ly (\u4f18\u6ce2\u79bb-Upali) tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng. A Nan tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean Kinh t\u1ea1ng. Ch\u01b0a xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n n\u1eb1m l\u1eabn trong Kinh t\u1ea1ng.<br>L\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly (Vasali, Vaishali), 100 n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, c\u00f3 700 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo c\u1ee7a hai th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly v\u00e0 B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3 (\u8dcb\u8006-Vajji) tham d\u1ef1, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a vua Kalasoka, h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng, trong k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 chia r\u1ebd trong c\u00e1c t\u1ef3 kheo, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i ch\u00fang b\u1ed9 (Mahasanghika), ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u1ec9nh s\u1eeda gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt, h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda b\u1ed9 (Theravada).<br>L\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba v\u00e0o n\u0103m 248 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, do vua A D\u1ee5c b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3, &nbsp;t\u1ee9c kho\u1ea3ng g\u1ea7n 300 n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, di\u1ec5n ra t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh Pataliputta (Ba Th\u00e1p Li T\u1eed th\u00e0nh-\u5df4\u55d2\u5398\u5b50\u57ce- Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Hoa Th\u1ecb Th\u00e0nh, n\u1eb1m \u1edf ph\u00eda nam s\u00f4ng H\u1eb1ng, x\u01b0a v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 thi\u00ean di v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e2y, nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Patna, thu\u1ed9c bang Bihar) c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebf A D\u1ee5c (\u963f\u80b2-Asoka) sinh n\u0103m 299 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ecb v\u00ec \u0110\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Kh\u1ed5ng T\u01b0\u1edbc (\u5b54\u96c0-sa. maurya, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201ccon c\u00f4ng\u201d) t\u1eeb n\u0103m 273 \u0111\u1ebfn 232 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 v\u1ecb qu\u00e2n v\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u1ed5 (sa. bh\u0101ratavar\u1e63a) \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ngay c\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ng\u00e0y nay. \u00d4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i \u00f4ng l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c chinh chi\u1ebfn li\u00ean mi\u00ean, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Maurya. Sau cu\u1ed9c chinh ph\u1ea1t Kalinga x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0o n\u0103m 257 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, ch\u00edn n\u0103m sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i (265 tr CN), x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3 n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong v\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 bang Orissa, v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eabm m\u00e1u v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebft, nh\u00e0 vua t\u1ec9nh ng\u1ed9 v\u00e0 quay \u0111\u1ea7u l\u1ea1i \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p. Nh\u00e0 vua cho x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ea5u \u1ea5n cho nh\u1eefng l\u1ea7n \u00f4ng \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u00eam b\u00e1i c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u00edch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea3o th\u00e1p tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i 19 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 kh\u1eafc ch\u1eef trong \u0111\u00f3 6 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u h\u00ecnh th\u00fa (animal capitals)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/pilar-of-vaishali-Copy.jpg\"><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 t\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly (Vaishali)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.ex-cdn.com\/EXP\/media.phatgiao.org.vn\/files\/f1\/Contents\/anhminh\/20150828\/tru-da-4-su-tu-Copy.jpg\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><td><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 h\u00ecnh 4 s\u01b0 t\u1eed t\u1ea1i L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n (Sarnath) bang Uttar Pradesh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb do Moggaliputta Tissa (M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean T\u1eed \u0110\u1ebf Tu-\u76ee\u728d\u9023\u5b50\u5e1d\u9808)ch\u1ee7 tr\u00ec, c\u00f3 1000 t\u1ef3 kheo tham d\u1ef1. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb k\u00e9o d\u00e0i 9 th\u00e1ng, l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1ch ri\u00eang kh\u1ecfi Kinh t\u1ea1ng, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh Tam t\u1ea1ng kinh. (g\u1ed3m Kinh t\u1ea1ng \u7d93\u85cf-sa. s\u016btra-pi\u1e6daka, Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng-\u5f8b\u85cf-sa., pi. vinaya-pi\u1e6daka, Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng-\u8ad6\u85cf-sa. abhidharma-pi\u1e6daka). \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sau l\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 ba n\u00e0y, vua A D\u1ee5c mu\u1ed1n cho ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e2n c\u1eadn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec tinh hoa c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt ph\u00e1p t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau, nh\u00e0 vua th\u1ec9nh \u00fd c\u00e1c v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u00e0n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u0111o\u00e0n truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o g\u1eedi \u0111i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n c\u1ee7a vua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u01b0 v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n hoan h\u1ef7 t\u00e1n \u0111\u1ed3ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Moggaliputta Tissa. Ch\u1eb3ng bao l\u00e2u, ch\u00edn ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<br>Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, theo truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Mahinda, Ittiya Uttiya, Sambala, Bhaddas\u00e0la v\u00e0 Sa-di Sumana nh\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng tr\u00e1ch \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o T\u00edch Lan (Lank\u00e0, Lank\u00e0d\u00ecpa, Lank\u00e0tala), l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 247 tr CN. Theo quy\u1ec3n Mah\u00e0vamsa th\u00ec c\u00e1c ng\u00e0i v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua Devanampiyatissa cai tr\u1ecb. S\u01b0 Mahinda ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 con trai c\u1ee7a vua A D\u1ee5c, v\u1ec1 sau ni s\u01b0 Sanghamitta, con g\u00e1i c\u1ee7a ho\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ebf A D\u1ee5c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00edch Lan &nbsp;mang theo m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh c\u00e2y chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb g\u1ed1c B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111i T\u00edch lan tr\u1ed3ng. C\u00e2y B\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn nay.<br>Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee9 hai do tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Majjhantika nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf x\u1ee9 Gandh\u00e0ra v\u00e0 Kasm\u00ecra. Ng\u00e0i Majjhantika l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb A La H\u00e1n. Trong k\u1ef3 K\u1ebft t\u1eadp Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, Ng\u00e0i &nbsp;c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u01b0u t\u00fa tham d\u1ef1. L\u00fac \u00d0\u1ea1i \u00d0\u1ee9c Majjhantika \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p \u1edf x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y th\u00ec d\u00e2n ch\u00fang c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Gandh\u00e0ra \u0111ang b\u1ecb n\u1ea1n thi\u00ean tai nh\u01b0 b\u00e3o l\u1ee5t, h\u1ea1n h\u00e1n, th\u1ea5t m\u00f9a, tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f3a gi\u1ea3i thi\u00ean tai v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft kinh X\u00e0 D\u1ee5 (\u86c7\u8aed-Alagaddupama suttanta- The Snake Simile).<br>Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee9 ba do tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Mah\u00e0deva nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf x\u1ee9 Mahisamandala. Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc trong k\u1ef3 K\u1ebft t\u1eadp Kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba. Mahisamandala &nbsp;c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng h\u1ea1 l\u01b0u s\u00f4ng Godh\u00e0var\u00ec, ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mysore.<br>Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 do ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Rakkhita nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf x\u1ee9 Vanav\u00e0sa. \u00d0\u1ecba danh Vanav\u00e0sa l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a Kanara, nam \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9. Theo \u201c\u0110\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ed1ng s\u1eed\u201d [Mahavamsa \u2013 T\u1ef3 kheo Minh Hu\u1ec7 d\u1ecbch] th\u00ec ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o \u0111\u1ebfn x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. Khi \u0111\u1ebfn, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ee9ng gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y nghe v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i kinh Anamatagga Samyutta (b\u00e0i th\u1ee9 15 T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng V\u00f4 Th\u1ee7y trong T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 Kinh (\u76f8\u61c9\u90e8\u7d93-Samyutta Nikaya)<br>Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee9 n\u0103m do ng\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Yonaka Dhammarakkhita nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u1edf x\u1ee9 Aparantaka (nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Bombay c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9). Ng\u00e0i sinh ra v\u00e0 l\u1edbn l\u00ean \u1edf Hy L\u1ea1p, c\u00f3 duy\u00ean l\u00e0nh v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xu\u1ea5t gia, sau \u0111\u00f3 tu t\u1eadp tinh chuy\u00ean v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9ng qu\u1ea3 A La H\u00e1n.<br>Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u do tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Mah\u00e0rakkhita nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i ho\u1eb1ng d\u01b0\u01a1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p t\u1ea1i Trung \u00c1, mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc Iran. Ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef P\u00e0li g\u1ecdi x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 Yonaka.<br>Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y do c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Majjhima, Kassapagotta, M\u00f9lakadeva, Durabhissara v\u00e0 Deva Sahadeva nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 ch\u00ednh ph\u00e1p \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c Him\u00e0laya t\u1ee9c v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Hi M\u00e3 L\u1ea1p S\u01a1n. S\u00e1ch Mah\u00e0vamsa (\u0110\u1ea1i s\u1eed-\u5927\u53f2, quy\u1ec3n XII.41, ghi n\u0103m v\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o thu\u1ed9c ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n do vua Asoka ph\u00e1i \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc Himav\u00e0 ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p. Th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft \u1edf x\u1ee9 s\u1edf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 b\u00e0i Kinh Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n (Dhammacakkappavatthanva &nbsp;suttanta).<br>Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m do hai tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Sona v\u00e0 Uttara nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p \u1edf x\u1ee9 Suvannabh\u00f9mi (Ho\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ecba). S\u1eed c\u1ee7a Th\u00e1i Lan, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, Campuchia v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n thuy\u1ebft Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ghi nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c ho\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y. Suvannabh\u00f9mi r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00f2n bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 Ph\u00f9 Nam (th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebf ch\u1ebf Ph\u00f9 Nam), m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn g\u1ed3m Nam B\u1ed9 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Campuchia v\u00e0 Malaysia ng\u00e0y nay, giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 La M\u00e3 qua c\u1ea3ng \u00d3c Eo (n\u00fai Ba Th\u00ea An Giang). Trong ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u00ean l\u00e0 Mahoda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang c\u1ee7a tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i H\u00f9ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9 18 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 240 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN, c\u00f3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1o cho Ch\u1eed \u0110\u1ed3ng T\u1eed v\u00e0 Ti\u00ean Dung c\u00f4ng ch\u00faa, h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c 300 n\u0103m. N\u01b0\u1edbc V\u0103n Lang ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c di\u1ec7t vong v\u00e0o n\u0103m 208 tr\u01b0\u1edbc CN khi b\u1ecb An D\u01b0\u01a1ng V\u01b0\u01a1ng Th\u1ee5c Ph\u00e1n \u0111\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfm.<br>Ph\u00e1i \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn do tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o Mah\u00e0dhammarakkhita l\u00e3nh tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m truy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o \u1edf Mah\u00e0ratthi. V\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecba danh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 x\u1ee9 Mar\u00e0th\u00ec, m\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Bombay, \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9. Th\u1eddi ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1ecb Tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u00e3o thuy\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kinh B\u1ed5n Sinh (J\u00e0taka). Kinh B\u1ed5n Sinh l\u00e0 t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n ti\u1ec1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00d0\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<br>L\u1ea7n k\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 t\u1ea1i T\u00edch Lan v\u00e0 Kasmira v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng &nbsp;kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u00e2u sau cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba, &nbsp;do vua x\u1ee9 T\u00edch Lan l\u00e0 Vattag\u00e0mani h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3. Ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p Th\u00f9p\u00e0rama \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Anuradhapura \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec3m k\u1ebft t\u1eadp. V\u1ecb ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Mahinda. K\u00ec k\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc, hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Tam T\u1ea1ng kinh, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch b\u1ed9 kinh n\u00e0y sang ti\u1ebfng Pali. Thuy\u1ebft n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 IV c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9 (Theravada).<br>G\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, b\u00ean \u00d0\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9, ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng c\u0169ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 IV t\u1ea1i Kasmira thu\u1ed9c thu\u1ed9c v\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Gandh\u00e0ra (Ki\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0 La-\u728d\u9640\u7f85, l\u00e0 ch\u01b0 h\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Kushan (Qu\u00fd S\u01b0\u01a1ng -\u8cb4\u971c) mi\u1ec1n t\u00e2y b\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u00d0\u1ed9.<br><strong>Gandhara<\/strong><br>V\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c Gandhara thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng t\u00e2y b\u1eafc \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, kinh \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 Taxila (s\u1ed1 15 ng\u00e0y nay thu\u1ed9c Pakistan,) n\u01a1i k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u00e0 Kashmir (s\u1ed1 17). Kashmir x\u01b0a g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Kusha (Quy T\u01b0-\u9f9c\u7386) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t &nbsp;trung t\u00e2m Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01a1 l\u1ee5a, ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 n\u01a1i sinh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng C\u01b0u Ma La Th\u1eadp (\u9ce9\u6469\u7f85\u4ec0-Kum\u0101raj\u012bva). Kashmir hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 n\u01a1i tranh ch\u1ea5p gi\u1eefa \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Pakistan.<br>Ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1edfi x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3 cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9c vua Kanishka c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Kushan (Qu\u00fd S\u01b0\u01a1ng- \u8cb4\u971c) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u1ecb h\u1ed9 ph\u00e1p t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi A D\u1ee5c V\u01b0\u01a1ng. L\u00fd do k\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u00e0 do Ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ec1 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00ean m\u1edbi m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a k\u1ef3 k\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 so\u1ea1n ra b\u1eb1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 : Kinh, Lu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 30 v\u1ea1n b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng, 9.600.000 l\u1eddi. Nh\u00e0 vua \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0a 500 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 Th\u00e0nh, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 Ng\u00e0i Maha Ca Di\u1ebfp (Maha Kassapa) k\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ecb t\u0103ng t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i v\u00e0 t\u00e2u r\u1eb1ng: \u201c\u00d0\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1ng, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean, v\u00ec \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o, nhi\u1ec1u lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 kh\u00e1c ph\u00e1i r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p \u1eaft s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u tr\u1edf ng\u1ea1i cho cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp\u201d. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec l\u00fd do n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ea1i Kasmira thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c Kushan. Nh\u01b0ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a Therav\u00e0da th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y [theo \u201c2500 Years of Buddhism\u201d, p.42]. \u00d0\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y do Vasumitra (Th\u1ebf H\u1eefu-\u4e16\u53cb d\u1ecbch \u00e2m l\u00e0 Ba Tu M\u1eadt-\u5a46\u987b\u871c) ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap c\u1ee7a &nbsp;Parsva (Hi\u1ebfp t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3-\u8105\u5c0a\u8005, c\u00f2n phi\u00ean \u00e2m l\u00e0 \u6ce2\u6817\u6fd5\u7e1b-Ba L\u1eadt Th\u1ea5p Ph\u01b0\u1ee3c. S\u1edf d\u0129 c\u00f3 danh x\u01b0ng Hi\u1ebfp t\u00f4n gi\u1ea3 v\u00ec ng\u00e0i Parsva kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u1eb1m k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 l\u00fac ng\u1ee7, v\u00ec v\u1eady s\u01b0\u1eddn -hi\u1ebfp-\u8105- kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ea1m v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfu). Cu\u1ed9c k\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u s\u1ef1 h\u01b0ng th\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u00d0\u1ea1i th\u1eeba (Mahayana) t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau. Sau khi k\u1ebft t\u1eadp, vua Kanishka \u0111\u00e3 ra l\u1ec7nh kh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 Kinh t\u1ea1ng, Lu\u1eadt t\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadn t\u1ea1ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng l\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed3ng, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng cho mang ra ngo\u00e0i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng di v\u1eadt n\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t l\u1ea1c, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n b\u1ed9 A T\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ef3 B\u00e0 Sa Lu\u1eadn (Abhidharma Mahavibhasa sastra) m\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch sang H\u00e1n ng\u1eef, g\u1ed3m hai tr\u0103m quy\u1ec3n.<br>\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nguy\u00ean, Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1edbi r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cu\u1ed9c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1p v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba, m\u1edf m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi x\u00e1n l\u1ea1n cho Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<br><strong>Truy\u1ec1n B\u00ecnh<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Truy\u1ec1n B\u00ecnh<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh t\u1ee9 th\u00e1nh t\u00edch <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock-1461171485-1571027055-08301-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6433\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock-1461171485-1571027055-08301-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock-1461171485-1571027055-08301-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock-1461171485-1571027055-08301-768x511.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock-1461171485-1571027055-08301-465x310.jpg 465w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock-1461171485-1571027055-08301-695x463.jpg 695w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/shutterstock-1461171485-1571027055-08301.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni \u2013 N\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sinh<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/30118467-b096-46ab-b2ba-e66957914bbf-1571028950-08301-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/30118467-b096-46ab-b2ba-e66957914bbf-1571028950-08301-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/30118467-b096-46ab-b2ba-e66957914bbf-1571028950-08301-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/30118467-b096-46ab-b2ba-e66957914bbf-1571028950-08301-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/30118467-b096-46ab-b2ba-e66957914bbf-1571028950-08301-465x309.jpg 465w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/30118467-b096-46ab-b2ba-e66957914bbf-1571028950-08301-695x462.jpg 695w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/30118467-b096-46ab-b2ba-e66957914bbf-1571028950-08301.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng, n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/091b3c48-2e40-4bf8-a757-e8c05752e650-1571028948-08311-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/091b3c48-2e40-4bf8-a757-e8c05752e650-1571028948-08311-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/091b3c48-2e40-4bf8-a757-e8c05752e650-1571028948-08311-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/091b3c48-2e40-4bf8-a757-e8c05752e650-1571028948-08311-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/091b3c48-2e40-4bf8-a757-e8c05752e650-1571028948-08311-465x309.jpg 465w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/091b3c48-2e40-4bf8-a757-e8c05752e650-1571028948-08311-695x462.jpg 695w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/091b3c48-2e40-4bf8-a757-e8c05752e650-1571028948-08311.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>V\u01b0\u1eddn L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n, n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt gi\u1ea3ng b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"680\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/b5503e22-fe1c-42c0-86ea-8a4f82914270-1571028947-08311-1024x680.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6436\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/b5503e22-fe1c-42c0-86ea-8a4f82914270-1571028947-08311-1024x680.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/b5503e22-fe1c-42c0-86ea-8a4f82914270-1571028947-08311-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/b5503e22-fe1c-42c0-86ea-8a4f82914270-1571028947-08311-768x510.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/b5503e22-fe1c-42c0-86ea-8a4f82914270-1571028947-08311-465x309.jpg 465w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/b5503e22-fe1c-42c0-86ea-8a4f82914270-1571028947-08311-695x462.jpg 695w, https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/b5503e22-fe1c-42c0-86ea-8a4f82914270-1571028947-08311.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>C\u00e2u Thi Na, n\u01a1i \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp Ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng &#8230;. N\u1ed9i dung ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham kh\u1ea3o t\u1eeb phatgiao.org.vn , thuvienhoasen.org , daophatngaynay.com Kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1eddi k\u1ef3 \u0110\u1ee9c\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6436,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53,168],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-6432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tac-gia","category-thanh-tich-phat-giao"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6432","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6432"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6432\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6443,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6432\/revisions\/6443"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6436"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6432"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6432"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6432"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=6432"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}