{"id":6624,"date":"2020-11-27T02:35:07","date_gmt":"2020-11-26T19:35:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/27\/53-kiet-tap-kinh-dien-thu-vien-sach\/"},"modified":"2020-11-27T02:35:07","modified_gmt":"2020-11-26T19:35:07","slug":"53-kiet-tap-kinh-dien-thu-vien-sach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/27\/53-kiet-tap-kinh-dien-thu-vien-sach\/","title":{"rendered":"53. Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n &#8211; Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> [ad_1]<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div itemprop=\"description\">\n<div style=\"margin: 5px; float: none; text-align: left;\" class=\"nw_image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/images\/file\/NIpnjd0u0AgBALNJ\/phatthichca2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"phatthichca2\" alt=\"phatthichca2\" data-info=\"390,446\" style=\"float: none; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block; clear: both;\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/01-Loi-mo-dau-Thu-vien-sach.gif\" height=\"200\" width=\"175\" class=\"imglazy imgcontent\" data-original=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/01-Loi-mo-dau-Thu-vien-sach.jpg\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"phatthichca2\" alt=\"phatthichca2\" data-info=\"390,446\" style=\"float: none; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block; clear: both;\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/01-Loi-mo-dau-Thu-vien-sach.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"175\"\/><\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>S\u1ef1 T\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca <\/b><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #980000;\"><i>So\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 : Minh Thi\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Danh<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><b>(\u1ea4n b\u1ea3n 09\/2010, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac)<\/b><\/p>\n<p><\/p>\n<h2>PH\u1ee4 \u0110\u00cdNH :<\/h2>\n<h3>1- Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn1\" title=\"\"><b>[1]<\/b><\/a>kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n :<\/h3>\n<h4>Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i R\u00e0jagaha (n\u0103m -544)<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn2\" title=\"\"><b>[2]<\/b><\/a><\/h4>\n<p>Ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1ea7y m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng sau ng\u00e0y Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, v\u00e0o n\u0103m th\u1ee9 10 tri\u1ec1u vua Aj\u00e0tasattu, <i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Mah\u00e0 Kassapa<\/i>quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 v\u1ec1 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 R\u00e0jagaha (V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1) \u0111\u1ec3 \u00f4n t\u1ee5ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng Kinh (sutta, sutra) v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt (vinaya) c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ea1y. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 500 v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1eadt tu v\u00e0 th\u1eadt ch\u1ee9ng (qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn trong Gi\u00e1o \u0110o\u00e0n Kh\u1ea5t S\u0129. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i s\u1ebd khai m\u1ea1c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u m\u00f9a an c\u01b0 t\u1edbi, m\u00f9a an c\u01b0 th\u1ee9 46, n\u0103m 544 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0 s\u1ebd k\u00e9o d\u00e0i trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed9ng Sattapanna (Saptaparna, \u0111\u1ed9ng Th\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7p) tr\u00ean n\u00fai Vaibhara. \u0110\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Pippali-guha (\u0111\u1ed9ng T\u1ea5t-b\u00e1t-la, guha = \u0111\u1ed9ng) v\u00ec n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 c\u00e2y Pippala (T\u1ea5t-b\u00e1t-la), c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean l\u1edbn v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Mah\u00e0 Kassapa (t\u00ean th\u1eadt l\u00e0 Pippalayana). \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua Aj\u00e0tasattu \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9ng ra b\u1ea3o tr\u1ee3.<\/p>\n<p><i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Mah\u00e0 Kassapa<\/i>th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 trong gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, sau hai Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda S\u00e0riputta v\u00e0 Moggall\u00e0na \u0111\u00e3 qua \u0111\u1eddi. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tu s\u0129 h\u1ea1nh &#8220;\u0111\u1ea7u-\u0111\u00e0&#8221;, th\u00edch s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, \u0111\u1ea1m b\u1ea1c, thi\u1ec3u d\u1ee5c tri t\u00fac. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt tin t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ebfn kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1c g\u00ec c\u00e1c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda S\u00e0riputta v\u00e0 Moggall\u00e0na. H\u01a1n hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00e1o c\u00e0-sa sangh\u00e0ti c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o b\u00e1ch n\u1ea1p, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh v\u1ea3i v\u1ee5n. C\u00f3 l\u1ea7n Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ebfp t\u01b0 chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o \u1ea5y l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3i ra trong r\u1eebng m\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i. Ph\u1eadt khen chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda ng\u1ed3i r\u1ea5t \u00eam. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda li\u1ec1n ng\u1ecf \u00fd c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o b\u00e1ch n\u1ea1p \u1ea5y. Ph\u1eadt m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u1eadn l\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng l\u1ea1i Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o sangh\u00e0ti c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Trong \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi khi Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0a c\u00e0nh hoa sen l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i g\u00ec \u1edf n\u00fai Griddhak\u00f9ta (Linh Th\u1ee9u), v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 truy\u1ec1n trao cho Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda &#8220;<i>Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p Nh\u00e3n T\u1ea1ng, Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n Di\u1ec7u T\u00e2m, Th\u1eadt T\u01b0\u1edbng V\u00f4 T\u01b0\u1edbng, Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n<\/i>&#8221; tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n<p>Ai c\u0169ng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a <i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda<\/i>trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. Nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ba ng\u00e0y, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda b\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Mah\u00e0 Kassapa qu\u1edf n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 cho bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i v\u00ec l\u00fd do th\u1ea7y ch\u01b0a \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda bu\u1ed3n ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, th\u1ea7y t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 thanh v\u1eafng t\u0129nh tu lu\u00f4n trong ba ng\u00e0y \u0111\u00eam. Ngay trong \u0111\u00eam cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y khai m\u1ea1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn ba gi\u1edd s\u00e1ng, v\u1eeba ng\u1ea3 l\u01b0ng xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, l\u01b0ng ch\u01b0a ch\u1ea1m \u0111\u1ea5t th\u00ec th\u1ea7y ho\u00e1t nhi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i ng\u1ed9, \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 A-la-h\u00e1n (T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt, Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eadp 2: 617) . S\u00e1ng h\u00f4m \u0111\u00f3, v\u1eeba th\u1ea5y m\u1eb7t Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Mah\u00e0 Kassapa r\u1ea5t vui m\u1eebng bi\u1ebft ngay chuy\u1ec7n g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, li\u1ec1n m\u1eddi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda v\u00e0o tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i.<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i, <b><i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Up\u00e0li<\/i><\/b>, v\u1ed1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi l\u00ean \u00f4n t\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. Th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn 80 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Mah\u00e0 Kassapa m\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Up\u00e0li nh\u1eafc l\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n duy\u00ean do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng lu\u1eadt h\u1ecdc g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <i><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt<\/span><\/i>(Vinaya Pitaka).<\/p>\n<p><b><i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda<\/i><\/b>, v\u1ed1n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng v\u1ec1 nghe Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 nh\u1edb dai, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i m\u1eddi l\u00ean tr\u00f9ng tuy\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 kinh. Nh\u1edd nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Mah\u00e0 Kassapa m\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda c\u00f3 d\u1ecbp n\u00f3i ra h\u1ebft nh\u1eefng chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 duy\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ed7i ph\u00e1p tho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng <i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda xin s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i nh\u01b0 sau<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn3\" title=\"\"><i><b>[3]<\/b><\/i><\/a>: 1- Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00c0nanda cho ph\u00e9p Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i h\u1ee7y b\u1ecf hay s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng; nh\u01b0ng \u00c0nanda qu\u00ean h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng; do \u0111\u00f3 \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt. 2- \u00c0nanda, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e3 s\u01a1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ea1p l\u00ean y t\u1eafm m\u01b0a c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi may. 3- Khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u00c0nanda \u0111\u00e3 s\u01a1 \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c T\u1ef3 kheo ni v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt, kh\u00f3c l\u00f3c ch\u1ea3y n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft l\u00ean th\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt. 4- Trong l\u00fac t\u1eafm r\u1eeda kim th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, \u00c0nanda qu\u00ean kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o k\u00e9o m\u00e0n che k\u00edn, \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y. 5- Kh\u00f4ng k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi th\u1ec9nh Ph\u1eadt tr\u1ee5 th\u1ebf l\u00e2u d\u00e0i h\u01a1n. 6- \u0110\u00e3 kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea7u Ph\u1eadt cho n\u1eef gi\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t gia m\u1eb7c d\u00f9 \u00c0nanda kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y h\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t kho t\u00e0ng Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <i><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">T\u1ea1ng Kinh<\/span><\/i>(Sutta Pitaka) g\u1ed3m 4 b\u1ed9: Tr\u01b0\u1eddng B\u1ed9 (D\u00ecgha nik\u00e0ya), Trung B\u1ed9 (Majjhima nik\u00e0ya), T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u01afng B\u1ed9 (Samyutta nik\u00e0ya) v\u00e0 T\u0103ng Chi B\u1ed9 (Anguttara nik\u00e0ya).<\/p>\n<p>Ti\u1ebfp theo, <b><i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Mah\u00e0 Kassapa<\/i><\/b>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi n\u00f3i l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p (Th\u1eafng Ph\u00e1p, Abhidhamma). T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o l\u00fd cao si\u00eau \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh <i><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn<\/span><\/i>(Abhidhamma Pitaka)<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn4\" title=\"\">[4]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y, tuy ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra th\u00e0nh v\u0103n t\u1ef1, gi\u00e1o l\u00fd c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n (Tri-pitaka, Tipitaka) g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 T\u1ea1ng Kinh (Sutta pitaka), T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt (Vinaya pitaka) v\u00e0 T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn (Abhidhamma pitaka), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecdc \u0111i \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng <i>ti\u1ebfng Pali Magadha<\/i>cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong phi\u00ean h\u1ecdp \u0111\u1ec1u ghi nh\u1edb.<\/p>\n<h4>Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec t\u1ea1i Ves\u00e0l\u00ec (n\u0103m -444)<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn5\" title=\"\"><b>[5]<\/b><\/a><\/h4>\n<p>M\u1ed9t tr\u0103m n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi vua Kalasoka \u1edf x\u1ee9 Magadha, 700 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n tham d\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i do <i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Yasa<\/i>(Da X\u00e1) tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp <i>t\u1ea1i tu vi\u1ec7n V\u00e0lika \u1edf Ves\u00e0l\u00ec<\/i>, d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a <i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Revata<\/i>, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee9u x\u00e9t \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m T\u1ef3 kheo Vajjiputta<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn6\" title=\"\">[6]<\/a>. Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n v\u00ec khi Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Yasa, con c\u1ee7a Kakandaka, \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 l\u1ec5 B\u1ed1-t\u00e1t (Uposatha) t\u1ea1i Ves\u00e0l\u00ec, nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u01b0 s\u0129 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c cho c\u00e1c kh\u1ea5t s\u0129; Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Yasa ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. M\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a\u00a0nh\u00f3m Vajjiputta \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n<p>1- <i>Gi\u00e1c di\u00eam t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: Cho ph\u00e9p \u01b0\u1edbp mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0o th\u1ee9c \u0103n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00f4m kh\u00e1c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n<p>2- <i>Nh\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: Trong kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian t\u1eeb l\u00fac m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee9ng b\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ebfn khi b\u00f3ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi x\u00ea d\u1ecbch th\u00eam hai ng\u00f3n tay, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p \u0103n.<\/p>\n<p>3- <i>Tha t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1c t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: Sau khi th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c \u1edf m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p sang m\u1ed9t t\u1ee5 l\u1ea1c kh\u00e1c th\u1ecd th\u1ef1c th\u00eam.<\/p>\n<p>4- <i>Tr\u1ee5 x\u1ee9 t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: T\u1ef3 kheo c\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o khu kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f9ng b\u1ed1-t\u00e1t \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i.<\/p>\n<p>5- <i>T\u00f9y \u00fd t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: Khi h\u1ecdp ch\u00fang t\u0103ng ni b\u00e0n lu\u1eadn x\u1eed quy\u1ebft, tuy s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng ni tham d\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eafng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p y\u1ebft-ma<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn7\" title=\"\">[7]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>6- <i>S\u1edf t\u1eadp t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: T\u00f9y thu\u1eadn theo l\u1ec7 tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p>7- <i>Sanh h\u00f2a h\u1ee3p t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: Sau khi \u0103n no, v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p u\u1ed1ng lo\u1ea1i s\u1eefa b\u00f2 ch\u01b0a khu\u1ea5y (s\u1eefa chua), tr\u1eeb l\u1edbp v\u00e1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t.<\/p>\n<p>8- <i>\u1ea8m x\u00e0-l\u00e2u-ng\u1ee9c t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p u\u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eeba (n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00e1i c\u00e2y) ch\u01b0a l\u00ean men (x\u00e0-l\u00e2u-ng\u1ee9c), ho\u1eb7c v\u1eeba l\u00ean men ph\u00e2n n\u1eeda (r\u01b0\u1ee3u non).<\/p>\n<p>9- <i>V\u00f4 duy\u00ean t\u1ecda c\u1ee5 t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: May t\u1ecda c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec1n, v\u00e0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf t\u00f9y \u00fd.<\/p>\n<p>10- <i>Kim ng\u00e2n t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p nh\u1eadn c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<p>Do s\u1ef1 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u00ean, n\u00ean t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y T\u0103ng gi\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia l\u00e0m hai b\u1ed9 ph\u00e1i :<\/p>\n<p><i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9<\/i>(Sthaviravada), b\u1ea3o th\u1ee7, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo cao ni\u00ean, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Nam t\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <i>Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y<\/i>(Theravada), do Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Yasa (Da X\u00e1) \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Yasa cho 10 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u1eadp S\u1ef1 Phi Ph\u00e1p\u201d, \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9 ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1eef nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n c\u00e1c gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh tr\u00ec nh\u01b0 l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p><i>\u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9<\/i>(Mah\u00e0sangika), c\u1ea5p ti\u1ebfn, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo tr\u1ebb, th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 <i>Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba <\/i>(Mah\u00e0yana), do nh\u00f3m T\u1ef3 kheo Vajjiputta \u1edf Ves\u00e0l\u00ec \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n. \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ph\u00e9p s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1eefng gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng, ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00f9y thu\u1eadn theo ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 phong t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Trong k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1eeb hai n\u1ea7y T\u1ea1ng Kinh (Sutta Pitaka) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 t\u00fac th\u00eam b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i kinh c\u00f2n s\u00f3t trong k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, h\u1ecdp th\u00e0nh Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 (Khuddaka Nik\u00e0ya).<\/p>\n<h4>Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba t\u1ea1i P\u00e0taliputta (n\u0103m -252)<\/h4>\n<p>T\u1ea1i Patalliputta hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Patna, 292 n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, c\u00f3 1000 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n tham d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i <i>Moggaliputta Tissa<\/i>(M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean T\u1eed \u0110\u1ebf Tu), do vua <i>Asoka<\/i>(A D\u1ee5c, -304\/-232) tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp k\u1ef3 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 Tam T\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o theo <i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9<\/i>, b\u1ed5 t\u00fac c\u00e1c kinh c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t v\u00e0o Ti\u1ec3u B\u1ed9 (Khuddaka nik\u00e0ya), lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n t\u1eed x\u1ea5u xa trong t\u0103ng h\u1ed9i, ph\u00e1i nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>Sau k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u1ea7y, vua Asoka \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 Moggaliputta Tissa \u0111\u01b0a \u0111i chi\u00eam b\u00e1i c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt t\u00edch, m\u1ed7i n\u01a1i vua \u0111\u1ec1u cho d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m; con trai c\u1ee7a vua Asoka l\u00e0 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda <i>Mah\u00ecnda<\/i>mang Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ebfn truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 t\u1ea1i Sri Lanka (T\u00edch Lan). T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Mah\u00ecnda l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 ba t\u1ea1i Patalliputta. Qua n\u0103m sau, Ni s\u01b0 <i>Sanghamitta<\/i>, con g\u00e1i vua Asoka, mang m\u1ed9t nh\u00e1nh chi\u1ebft t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t c\u00e0nh ph\u00eda nam c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u1ed3ng t\u1ea1i Anuradhapura, th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 x\u1ee9 Sri Lanka v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u vua <i>Devanampiya Tissa<\/i>, hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1ed1t. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi Ni s\u01b0 Sanghamitta c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<h4>Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u1ee7a Nam t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Aluvihara (n\u0103m -200)<\/h4>\n<p>T\u1ea1i <i>Aluvihara<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn8\" title=\"\">[8]<\/a>, Sri Lanka (T\u00edch Lan), d\u01b0\u1edbi tr\u00e0o vua <i>Vatt\u00e0gamani Abhaya<\/i>, trong ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a Mah\u00e0 Vihara do <i>Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Mah\u00ecnda<\/i>, con vua Asoka, c\u1ea5t trong hang \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t c\u1ee7a 500 v\u1ecb Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda T\u00edch Lan. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh <i>vi\u1ebft Tam T\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali tr\u00ean l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i<\/i>(l\u00e1 th\u1ed1t n\u1ed1t, l\u00e1 d\u1eeba n\u01b0\u1edbc, talipot, Corypha umbraculifera) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng T\u00edch Lan (Sinhala). Trong quy\u1ec3n Buddhaghasuppatti, n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 ti\u1ec3u s\u1eed c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Buddhaghosa (Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m), c\u00f3 ghi r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu ch\u1ea5t l\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1ng Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh ch\u00e9p tr\u00ean l\u00e1 b\u1ed1i s\u1ebd to h\u01a1n s\u00e1u th\u1edbt voi. K\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u00ec ba t\u1ea1ng kinh Ph\u1eadt n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n quy\u1ec3n th\u00e1nh kinh c\u1ee7a Thi\u00ean Ch\u00faa Gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m +450, ng\u00e0i <i>Buddhaghosa<\/i>(Ph\u1eadt \u00c2m) l\u1ea1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00eam m\u1ed9t k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch canh c\u1ea3i l\u1ea1i v\u00e0i ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed3ng gi\u1eefa kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali Magadha v\u00e0 kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Pali Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n<h4>Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 t\u01b0, c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Kudalavana (n\u0103m -200)<\/h4>\n<p>T\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 <i>Kudalavana<\/i>x\u1ee9 Kasmira<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn9\" title=\"\">[9]<\/a>(Cachemire, K\u1ebf T\u00e2n), do vua <i>Kaniska<\/i>(Ca N\u1ecb S\u1eafc) tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 <i>ghi ch\u00e9p Tam T\u1ea1ng Ph\u00e1p B\u1ea3o b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Sanscrit<\/i>, ti\u1ebfng g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a B\u00e0-la-m\u00f4n gi\u00e1o, c\u00f3 th\u00eam ph\u1ea7n ch\u00fa th\u00edch v\u00e0 lu\u1eadn gi\u1ea3i. K\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7t d\u01b0\u1edbi quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda c\u1ee7a <b><i>T\u1ed5 Asvaghosa<\/i><\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftn10\" title=\"\"><b><i><b>[10]<\/b><\/i><\/b><\/a>(M\u00e3 Minh), v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 12. Tam t\u1ea1ng kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, vi\u1ebft b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Sanscrit, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 <i>t\u1ea1ng Kinh Upadesa<\/i>(Lu\u1eadn \u01afu-ba-\u0111\u1ec1-x\u00e1, Kh\u1ebf kinh lu\u1eadn ngh\u1ecb) g\u1ed3m 100.000 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng, k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn <i>t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt Vinaya Vibhasa<\/i>(Lu\u1eadn T\u1ef3-n\u1ea1i-da T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-xa) g\u1ed3m 100.000 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng, sau c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 <i>t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn Abhidharma Vibhasa<\/i>(Lu\u1eadn A-t\u1ef3-\u0111\u1ea1t-ma T\u1ef3-b\u00e0-sa) g\u1ed3m 100.000 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ba t\u1ea1ng c\u00f3 9.600.000 ch\u1eef. <i>Vua Kaniska cho kh\u1eafc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00ean nh\u1eefng b\u1ea3ng b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u00e1n m\u1ecfng, r\u1ed3i c\u1ea5t trong r\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 x\u00e2y th\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y gi\u00e1o l\u00fd B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng b\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 s\u01b0 tuy\u00ean d\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, r\u1ed3i l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Trung Hoa. C\u00e1c kinh lu\u1eadn \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n b\u00e1 s\u00e2u r\u1ed9ng trong \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u00fang. Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o N\u00e0land\u00e0 t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch \u0111\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m sau t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. V\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y, ch\u00ednh ng\u00e0i <i>Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/i>\u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ng\u00e0i Vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng <i>S\u00eclabhadra<\/i>(Gi\u1edbi Hi\u1ec1n), sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i S\u00eclabhadra m\u1eddi ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u1edf l\u1ea1i gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y su\u1ed1t 2 n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 Trung qu\u1ed1c. Trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0y, vua Kum\u00e0ra (C\u01b0u Ma La) c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba v\u00e0 m\u1eddi ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang thuy\u1ebft tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i <i>Ch\u00e2n Duy Th\u1ee9c Lu\u1eadn<\/i>. Ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean 7.000 t\u0103ng s\u0129 c\u00f3 m\u1eb7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho Gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba c\u00e0ng th\u00eam r\u1ef1c r\u1ee1. N\u0103m 645, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u1edbi 657 b\u1ed9 kinh \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Sanscrit (Ph\u1ea1n). Su\u1ed1t 19 n\u0103m c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 75 b\u1ed9, g\u1ed3m 1.335 quy\u1ec3n kinh, lu\u1eadt, lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y Trung Hoa th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp <i>b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba<\/i>v\u00e0 c\u1ee9 tu b\u1ed5 l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i cho \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay. Ngo\u00e0i b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa c\u00f2n c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh c\u1ee7a T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 \u0110\u1ea1i T\u1ea1ng Kinh c\u1ee7a Trung Hoa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Tam T\u1ea1ng Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11 v\u00e0 12, Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc N\u00e0land\u00e0 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o ti\u00eau h\u1ee7y.<\/p>\n<h4>Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nam t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Mandalay, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n (n\u0103m 1871)<\/h4>\n<p>Do <i>vua Mindon<\/i>(M\u1eabn \u0110\u00f4ng) tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp 2400 v\u1ecb Cao T\u0103ng Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n, l\u1ea5y t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh, \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ed3ng d\u1ecb trong nguy\u00ean v\u0103n th\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh, c\u00f9ng nhau h\u1ee3p t\u1ee5ng r\u00f2ng r\u00e3 su\u1ed1t 5 th\u00e1ng m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. <i>Nh\u00e0 vua cho kh\u1eafc tr\u1ecdn b\u1ed9 Tam T\u1ea1ng Pali m\u1edbi n\u00e0y tr\u00ean 729 bia \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch m\u00e0u \u0111en v\u00e2n tr\u1eafng, d\u1ef1ng trong ch\u00f9a th\u00e1p Kuthadaw, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Mandalay<\/i>, ph\u00eda ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 45 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p Ph\u1eadt v\u00e2y quanh. Hi\u1ec7n nay v\u1eabn c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<h4>Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n Nam t\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i Rangoon, Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n (n\u0103m 1954)<\/h4>\n<p><i>V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y l\u1ec5\u00a0Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n 17\/05\/1954, v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7,<\/i><i>c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t l\u00fac v\u1edbi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i k\u1ef3 3 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5ng H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Th\u1ebf Gi\u1edbi t\u1ea1i Rangoon<\/i>, Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u n\u00e0y v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch g\u00e2y t\u00ecnh \u0111o\u00e0n k\u1ebft gi\u1eefa Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u1ea5n h\u01b0ng Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9, \u0103n m\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. \u0110\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp l\u00e0 <i>tr\u00ean s\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00fai Ngh\u1ec7 C\u1ed1, thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i \u00f4 ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Rangoon<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>L\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y y c\u1ee9 tr\u00ean 729 phi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a l\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp th\u1ee9 5, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea3ng g\u1ed7 b\u1eb1ng ti\u1ebfng Pali c\u1ee7a \u201cPali Th\u00e1nh \u0110i\u1ec3n Hi\u1ec7p H\u1ed9i\u201d (Pali Text Society) \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Anh, T\u00edch Lan, Th\u00e1i Lan, Cam B\u1ed1t v\u00e0 Mi\u1ebfn \u0110i\u1ec7n. Trong k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y c\u00e1c v\u1ecb T\u1ef3 kheo \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1eddi tham d\u1ef1. R\u00f2ng r\u00e3 2 n\u0103m, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n n\u0103m 1956 (Ph\u1eadt l\u1ecbch 2500) m\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. <i>To\u00e0n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ea5n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y<\/i>.<\/p>\n<div><br clear=\"all\"\/><\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\"\/>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref1\" title=\"\">[1]<\/a>Ki\u1ebft (ti\u1ebfng H\u00e1n Vi\u1ec7t) c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 tay v\u00e0 mi\u1ec7ng c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m. <i>Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/i>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecdp nhau l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ghi ch\u00e9p. <i>K\u1ebft t\u1eadp<\/i>c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh th\u00f3i quen.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref2\" title=\"\">[2]<\/a>Xem T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt, Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eadp 2: 614-629 (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11: Li\u00ean Quan N\u0103m Tr\u0103m V\u1ecb).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref3\" title=\"\">[3]<\/a>Xem The Life of Buddha as Legend and History, trang 166; T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt, Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eadp 2: 622.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref4\" title=\"\">[4]<\/a>Theo The Life of Buddha as Legend and History, trang 167, th\u00ec trong k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn (Abhidhamma) ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t. Trong Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 11 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref5\" title=\"\">[5]<\/a>Xem T\u1ea1ng Lu\u1eadt, Ti\u1ec3u Ph\u1ea9m, t\u1eadp 2: 630-664 (ch\u01b0\u01a1ng 12: Li\u00ean Quan B\u1ea3y Tr\u0103m V\u1ecb).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref6\" title=\"\">[6]<\/a><i>B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3 T\u1eed<\/i>(Vajjiputta) l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m t\u1ef3 kheo tr\u1ebb \u1edf x\u1ee9 B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3 (Vajji).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref7\" title=\"\">[7]<\/a><i>Y\u1ebft-ma<\/i>: C\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1edbi lu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 th\u1ecd gi\u1edbi, s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i, ki\u1ebft gi\u1edbi (t\u1ee5ng gi\u1edbi) &#8230;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref8\" title=\"\">[8]<\/a><i>Aluvihara<\/i>l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ea5p nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a T\u00edch Lan, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Kandy hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u1ed9 30 km.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref9\" title=\"\">[9]<\/a>X\u1ee9 <i>Kasmira<\/i>(K\u1ebf T\u00e2n) hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi gi\u1eefa 3 x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Pakistan v\u00e0 Trung Hoa.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/#_ftnref10\" title=\"\">[10]<\/a>Theo T\u1eeb \u0110i\u1ec3n Ph\u1eadt H\u1ecdc Hu\u1ec7 Quang th\u00ec k\u1ef3 ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp n\u00e0y do T\u1ed5 Vasumitra v\u00e0 P\u00e0rsva ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecda, nh\u01b0ng x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. T\u1ed5 Vasumitra v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 P\u00e0rsva \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9. Ch\u00ednh <i>T\u1ed5 Asvaghosa (M\u00e3 Minh)<\/i>m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 v\u0103n t\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 Sanscrit v\u00e0 \u0111\u00fac k\u1ebft Thuy\u1ebft Nh\u1ea5t Thi\u1ebft H\u1eefu B\u1ed9 trong 300 000 b\u00e0i t\u1ee5ng b\u1eb1ng Sanscrit.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[ad_2]<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52320\/53-kiet-tap-kinh-dien\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[ad_1] S\u1ef1 T\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca So\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 : Minh Thi\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Danh (\u1ea4n b\u1ea3n 09\/2010, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac) PH\u1ee4 \u0110\u00cdNH : 1-\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6602,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[170],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-6624","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thoi-ky-duc-phat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6624"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6624\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6624"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=6624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}