{"id":6629,"date":"2020-11-27T02:40:08","date_gmt":"2020-11-26T19:40:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/2020\/11\/27\/58-bon-dong-tam-v-cac-phat-tich-tai-an-do-thu-vien-sach\/"},"modified":"2020-11-27T02:40:08","modified_gmt":"2020-11-26T19:40:08","slug":"58-bon-dong-tam-v-cac-phat-tich-tai-an-do-thu-vien-sach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/2020\/11\/27\/58-bon-dong-tam-v-cac-phat-tich-tai-an-do-thu-vien-sach\/","title":{"rendered":"58. B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e2m v c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt-t\u00edch t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9 &#8211; Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n s\u00e1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"<p> [ad_1]<br \/>\n<\/p>\n<div itemprop=\"description\">\n<div style=\"margin: 5px; float: none; text-align: left;\" class=\"nw_image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/images\/file\/NIpnjd0u0AgBALNJ\/phatthichca2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"phatthichca2\" alt=\"phatthichca2\" data-info=\"390,446\" style=\"float: none; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block; clear: both;\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/01-Loi-mo-dau-Thu-vien-sach.gif\" height=\"200\" width=\"175\" class=\"imglazy imgcontent\" data-original=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/01-Loi-mo-dau-Thu-vien-sach.jpg\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" title=\"phatthichca2\" alt=\"phatthichca2\" data-info=\"390,446\" style=\"float: none; text-align: left; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; display: block; clear: both;\" src=\"http:\/\/tamhoc.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/01-Loi-mo-dau-Thu-vien-sach.jpg\" height=\"200\" width=\"175\"\/><\/noscript><\/a><\/div>\n<p align=\"center\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><b>S\u1ef1 T\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca <\/b><\/span><br \/><span style=\"color: #980000;\"><i>So\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 : Minh Thi\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Danh<\/i><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"center\"><b>(\u1ea4n b\u1ea3n 09\/2010, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac)<\/b><\/p>\n<h3>6- B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c Ph\u1eadt-t\u00edch t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n \u0111\u1ed9<\/h3>\n<p>V\u00e0i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n, ng\u00e0i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c \u00c0nanda nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n<p>\u2013 <i>N\u00e0y \u00c0nanda, c\u00f3 b\u1ed1n n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed nhi\u1ec7t t\u00e2m n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn chi\u00eam b\u00e1i v\u1edbi l\u00f2ng th\u00e0nh k\u00ednh v\u00e0 t\u00f4n s\u00f9ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u00eam b\u00e1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i: \u201cCh\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea3n sanh\u201d, \u201cCh\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o\u201d, \u201cCh\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n\u201d, \u201cCh\u00ednh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Nh\u01b0 Lai \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i-b\u00e1t-ni\u1ebft-b\u00e0n v\u00f4 sanh b\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t\u201d. V\u00e0 n\u00e0y \u00c0nanda, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng Ni nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh trong Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0 thi\u1ec7n nam t\u00edn n\u1eef s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0o tr\u00fat h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng trong ni\u1ec1m tin v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, sau khi \u0111i h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng, s\u1ebd t\u00e1i sanh v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn1\" title=\"\">[1]<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h4>Lumbini (L\u00e2m T\u1ef3 Ni)<\/h4>\n<p>Lumbini l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sanh n\u0103m 623 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n th\u00e1ng Ves\u00e0kha (th\u00e1ng 5 dl), theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y <i>r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng t\u01b0 \u00e2m l\u1ecbch n\u0103m M\u1eadu Tu\u1ea5t<\/i>. Lumbini l\u00e0 khu l\u00e2m vi\u00ean xinh \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai x\u1ee9 S\u00e0kya v\u00e0 Koliya, c\u00e1ch Kapilavatthu kho\u1ea3ng 30km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Devadaha 38km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>Lumbini hi\u1ec7n nay t\u00ean l\u00e0 R\u00f9pandehi, thu\u1ed9c l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 Nepal, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Bhairahawa c\u1ee7a Nepal 13 km, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi Sonauli 27 km, c\u00e1ch Kapilavatthu 1 (c\u1ee7a Nepal) 30 km. Ga xe l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Gorakhpur; \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe t\u1eeb Gorakhpur \u0111\u1ebfn Lumbini ph\u1ea3i qua Sonauli, d\u00e0i 123 km. Phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Bhairahawa (Nepal) c\u00e1ch Lumbini 13 km. Phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng Varanasi (India) c\u00e1ch Lumbini 413 km.<\/p>\n<p>Theo phong t\u1ee5c th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y sanh, ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Mah\u00e0 M\u00e0y\u00e0 l\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i t\u1eeb Kapilavatthu v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 ru\u1ed9t \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 Devadaha x\u1ee9 Koliya \u0111\u1ec3 sanh. \u0110\u1ebfn l\u00e2m vi\u00ean Lumbini, g\u1eb7p m\u00f9a hoa c\u1ecf xinh t\u01b0\u01a1i, b\u00e0 gh\u00e9 l\u1ea1i ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i, \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc Puskarini t\u1eafm r\u1eeda, thay \u0111\u1ed5i y ph\u1ee5c, r\u1ed3i \u0111i d\u1ea1o ch\u01a1i. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1eeba \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 24 b\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc h\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e2y v\u00f4-\u01b0u (sita asoka, saraka indica) \u0111ang tr\u1ed5 hoa v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng xinh \u0111\u1eb9p, b\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a tay ph\u1ea3i l\u00ean \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00e1i th\u00ec sinh ra th\u00e1i t\u1eed Siddhattha.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 252 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, vua Asoka c\u00f3 nh\u1edd v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 Moggaliputta-Tissa \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y chi\u00eam b\u00e1i. Vua c\u00f3 cho d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n l\u1edd m\u1edd 5 h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef Brahmi ti\u1ebfng Prakrit nh\u01b0 sau :\u00a0<\/p>\n<p><i>Devanapiyena Piyadasina lajina visativasabhisitena,<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Atana agacha Mah\u00ecyite hida Budhe jate S\u00e0kyamuniti,<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>S\u00eclavigadabhica kalapita S\u00eclathabhe cha usapapite,<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Hida Bhagavam jateti Lumbinigame ubalike kate,<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>Athabhagiya cha.<\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn2\" title=\"\"><i><b>[2]<\/b><\/i><\/a><\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: Vua Devanampiya Piyadassi (Asoka), \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c thi\u00ean th\u1ea7n k\u00ednh m\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9, \u0111\u00edch th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, sau khi l\u00ean ng\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 20 n\u0103m. V\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt S\u00e0kyamuni \u0111\u1ea3n sanh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, Vua ra l\u1ec7nh x\u00e2y m\u1ed9t v\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1 bao quanh n\u01a1i n\u00e0y, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m b\u00ean trong. Vua cho ph\u00e9p d\u00e2n l\u00e0ng Lumbini t\u1eeb nay ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng thu\u1ebf m\u1ec5 c\u1ed1c b\u1eb1ng 1\/8 (thay v\u00ec 1\/6 s\u1ed1 hoa l\u1ee3i h\u1eb1ng n\u0103m).<\/p>\n<p>Theo l\u1eddi t\u01b0\u1eddng thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7 th\u00ec tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed9t con ng\u1ef1a r\u1ea5t tr\u01a1n l\u00e1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p>H\u1ed3 n\u01b0\u1edbc linh thi\u00eang Puskarini \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y l\u1ea1i theo h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng, m\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh 20m, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu M\u00e0y\u00e0 t\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi sanh, v\u00e0 th\u00e1i t\u1eed Siddhattha \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eafm l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh h\u1ed3 c\u00f3 t\u1eeb l\u00fac \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>Trong \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd b\u00e0 Mah\u00e0 M\u00e0y\u00e0 Devi, c\u00f3 hai b\u1ee9c tranh n\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t x\u01b0a \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc c\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sanh, m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea9m th\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e1, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb-tr\u00ed ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3n sanh.<\/p>\n<p>Theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9nh trang th\u00e1nh t\u00edch n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Nepal v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1999, xung quanh c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00f9a c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u00f9a Vi\u1ec7t Nam Ph\u1eadt Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Vi\u1ec7t-Nam v\u00e0 ch\u00f9a Linh-S\u01a1n Ph\u00e1p Qu\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt t\u1eed Vi\u1ec7t Nam t\u1ea1i Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00fac \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng Lumbini c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng Kapilavatthu<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn3\" title=\"\">[3]<\/a>, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 l\u00e0ng Tilaurakot, c\u00e1ch Lumbini 30 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y-b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<h4>Bodh-Gay\u00e0 (B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1o tr\u00e0ng)<\/h4>\n<p>Bodh-Gay\u00e0 hay Buddha Gay\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i <i>\u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng ch\u1ea1p n\u0103m Nh\u00e2m Th\u00e2n, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 589 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch<\/i>. Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n th\u00e1ng Vesak.<\/p>\n<p>Bodh-Gay\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang Bihar c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9,\u00a0c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Gay\u00e0 16 km, c\u00e1ch Rajgir 70 km, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn Patna 115 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam. Ga xe l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Gay\u00e0 (16 km). Phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Patna (115 km).<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt xu\u1ea5t gia n\u0103m 29 tu\u1ed5i. Ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u00c0l\u00e0ra K\u00e0l\u00e0ma \u1edf g\u1ea7n Ves\u00e0l\u00ec v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc thi\u1ec1n V\u00f4 S\u1edf H\u1eefu X\u1ee9. R\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u1ebfn R\u00e0jagaha h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 th\u1ee9 nh\u00ec l\u00e0 Uddaka R\u00e0maputta v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n n\u1eefa, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc thi\u1ec1n Phi T\u01b0\u1edfng Phi Phi T\u01b0\u1edfng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0i c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi 5 anh em \u00f4ng Kondanna \u0111\u1ebfn kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh l\u00e2m (tapovana) thu\u1ed9c v\u00f9ng n\u00fai \u0111\u00e1 c\u1eb1n c\u1ed7i Dungsiri, g\u1ea7n l\u00e0ng Uruvel\u00e0, tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh trong 6 n\u0103m. Sau c\u00f9ng ng\u00e0i b\u1ecf l\u1ed1i tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0ng Uruvel\u00e0, b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Neranjana, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u1ed1i tu trung \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 49, sau khi \u0111\u1ed9 b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa c\u1ee7a hai ch\u1ecb em c\u00f4 Suj\u00e0t\u00e0 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang, ng\u00e0i th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y pippala (c\u00e2y \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1). \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u1edf quanh qu\u1ea9n b\u00ean c\u00e2y \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 th\u00eam 49 ng\u00e0y n\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111i \u0111\u1ebfn V\u01b0\u1eddn Nai t\u1ea1i Isipatana (Sarnath) \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i Bodh-Gay\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam b\u00e1i :<\/p>\n<p>1- <i>Th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c<\/i>(Mah\u00e0-bodhi temple) cao 52m.<\/p>\n<p>2- <i>C\u00e2y Mah\u00e0-Bodhi<\/i>(\u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1) v\u00e0 <i>Kim-cang-t\u00f2a<\/i>(khi x\u01b0a Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng c\u1ecf s\u1eafc (kusha) tr\u1ea3i ra l\u00e0m t\u1ecda c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 b\u1ed3 \u0111o\u00e0n): N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i c\u00e2y Pippala (t\u00ean qu\u1ea3) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y Assatha (t\u00ean hoa), t\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 Ficus religiosa. Sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y th\u00eam m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t (Vimutti sukha). C\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 c\u00e2y con c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i Anuradhapura t\u1ea1i x\u1ee9 Sri Lanka (T\u00edch Lan).<\/p>\n<p>3- <i>C\u00e2y Ajap\u00e0la<\/i>(Banyan tree, Figuier d&#8217;Inde, c\u00e2y d\u1eebng): N\u01a1i hai ch\u1ecb em c\u00f4 Suj\u00e0t\u00e0, con g\u00e1i \u00f4ng x\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng Sen\u00e0n\u00ec, d\u00e2ng c\u00fang b\u00e1t ch\u00e1o s\u1eefa (kheer) tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. Tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9 5 sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i ng\u1ed3i d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y. V\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 7, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh d\u01b0\u1edbi c\u1ed9i c\u00e2y n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi v\u1ecb Ph\u1ea1m Thi\u00ean Sahampati : \u201c<i>C\u1eeda V\u00f4-sanh \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ai c\u00f3 tai mu\u1ed1n nghe \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u1ecdn ni\u1ec1m tin<\/i>\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>4- <i>Th\u00e1p Animesalocana Cetiya<\/i>: N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ee9ng nh\u00ecn c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u00e1y m\u1eaft trong su\u1ed1t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9 hai, sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>5- <i>\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng kinh h\u00e0nh b\u1eb1ng ng\u1ecdc<\/i>(Ratana camk\u00e0mana): \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng kinh h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt trong su\u1ed1t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9 ba, t\u1eeb c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e1p Animasalocana Cetiya. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n di t\u00edch b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>6- <i>B\u1ea3o cung<\/i>(Ratana Ghara Cetiya): N\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i suy ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 Vi Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p (Abhidhamma) trong tu\u1ea7n\u00a0th\u1ee9 t\u01b0. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f2n di t\u00edch b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ph\u00eda b\u1eafc th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>7- <i>H\u1ed3 sen Mucalinda<\/i>: N\u01a1i r\u1eafn th\u1ea7n Mucalinda che m\u01b0a gi\u00f3 cho Ph\u1eadt trong khi ng\u00e0i ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh su\u1ed1t tu\u1ea7n l\u1ec5 th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u. Di t\u00edch \u1edf h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng-nam th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>8- <i>Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a vua Asoka<\/i>. \u1ede c\u1ea1nh h\u1ed3 sen Mucalinda.<\/p>\n<p>9- <i>C\u00e2y R\u00e0j\u00e0yatana<\/i>: N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh trong tu\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 7 v\u00e0 thu nh\u1eadn hai thi\u1ec7n t\u00edn \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u00ean Tapussa v\u00e0 Bhalliya, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Mi\u1ebfn-\u0111i\u1ec7n. \u1ede c\u1ea1nh b\u1eafc th\u00e1p \u0110\u1ea1i Gi\u00e1c.<\/p>\n<p>10- <i>Ch\u00f9a T\u00edch Lan Sinhala Sanghar\u00e0ma<\/i>, c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Mah\u00e0bodhi Sanghar\u00e0ma, tr\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 7, v\u00e0o tri\u1ec1u vua Samudragupta t\u1ea1i \u1ea4n v\u00e0 vua Meghavanna t\u1ea1i Sri Lanka, hi\u1ec7n c\u00f2n \u1edf ngay b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u1ed5ng ph\u00eda b\u1eafc B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>11- <i>S\u00f4ng Ni Li\u00ean Thi\u1ec1n<\/i>(Neranjana, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 s\u00f4ng Phalgu): N\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng xu\u1ed1ng t\u1eafm tr\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. \u1ede h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n<p>12- <i>\u0110\u1ec1n k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 n\u01a1i nh\u00e0 hai ch\u1ecb em Suj\u00e0t\u00e0<\/i>\u1edf khi x\u01b0a. \u1ede b\u00ean kia s\u00f4ng Neranjana.<\/p>\n<p>13- <i>Kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh l\u00e2m<\/i>(Tapovana) v\u1edbi hang n\u00fai Dungsiri: N\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh trong s\u00e1u n\u0103m. C\u00e1ch B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1o Tr\u00e0ng kho\u1ea3ng 5 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng-b\u1eafc.<\/p>\n<h4>Migadaya (L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n)<\/h4>\n<p>Migadaya l\u00e0 L\u1ed9c Uy\u1ec3n (V\u01b0\u1eddn Nai) t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Isipatana, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean sau khi th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n<p>Isipatana hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Sarnath, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn Varanasi 10 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc. Ga xe l\u1eeda v\u00e0 phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Varanasi (10 km).<\/p>\n<p>Hai th\u00e1ng sau ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i Bodh-Gay\u00e0, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y t\u00ecm g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i 5 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng tu kh\u1ed5 h\u1ea1nh l\u00e0 Kondanna, Bhaddiya, Vappa, Mah\u00e0n\u00e0ma Kulika v\u00e0 Assaji \u0111\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p cho h\u1ecd. L\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i kinh Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 kinh V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 3 ng\u00f4i Tam B\u1ea3o l\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 T\u0103ng, v\u00e0 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi 10 v\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed A-la-h\u00e1n g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 5 anh em \u00f4ng Kondanna, \u00f4ng Yasa v\u00e0 4 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n th\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Yasa. Trong h\u1ea1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 50 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng Yasa xin xu\u1ea5t gia, n\u00e2ng s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed Ph\u1eadt l\u00ean 60 v\u1ecb.<\/p>\n<p>N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam b\u00e1i :<\/p>\n<p>1- <i>Th\u00e1p Chaukhandi<\/i>(c\u00f3 th\u00e1p canh b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh, x\u00e2y n\u0103m 1588): N\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i n\u0103m anh em \u00f4ng Kondanna (Ki\u1ec1u Tr\u1ea7n Nh\u01b0).<\/p>\n<p>2- <i>Th\u00e1p Dhamek<\/i>(Dhamma cakka) cao 33m : N\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi Kinh Chuy\u1ec3n Ph\u00e1p Lu\u00e2n v\u00e0 Kinh V\u00f4 ng\u00e3 t\u01b0\u1edbng.<\/p>\n<p>3- <i>Ch\u00f9a Mulagandhakuti<\/i>: N\u01a1i th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Gi\u00e1o H\u1ed9i Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 ba ng\u00f4i Tam B\u1ea3o (Ph\u1eadt, Ph\u00e1p, T\u0103ng), c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i an c\u01b0 ki\u1ebft h\u1ea1 l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. B\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 c\u00e2y con c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i Anuradhapura \u1edf Sri Lanka.<\/p>\n<p>4- <i>Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00e1p Dharm\u00e0r\u00e0jatika<\/i>c\u1ee7a vua Asoka \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbng H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o Qutb-ud-Din t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1194. Tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed 4 m\u1eb7t tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1eb9p \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed9i b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p. T\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed 4 m\u1eb7t hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 trong b\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7n Sarnath, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n. Tr\u00ean tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u00f2n l\u1edd m\u1edd h\u00e0ng ch\u1eef \u201c&#8230; b\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ai c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 chia r\u1ebd T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0. B\u1ea5t lu\u1eadn ai, t\u0103ng hay ni, chia r\u1ebd T\u0103ng Gi\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eafp y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i kh\u00e1c h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u00f9a chi\u1ec1n.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>5- <i>B\u1ea3o t\u00e0ng vi\u1ec7n Sarnath<\/i>c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 di t\u00edch \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>6- <i>Th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n Mulagandhakuti<\/i>kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 kinh s\u00e1ch Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o \u0111\u00eam tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n th\u00e1ng Ves\u00e0kha<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn4\" title=\"\">[4]<\/a>, l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt \u0110\u1ea3n t\u1ea1i Sarnath r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn, c\u00f3 di\u1ec5n h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ed1, kh\u00e1ch th\u1eadp ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u1ef1 r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f4ng. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng 11 dl c\u00f3 l\u1ec5 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m ng\u00e0y th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ch\u00f9a Mulagandhakuti.<\/p>\n<h4>Kusin\u00e0gar (C\u00e2u Thi Na)<\/h4>\n<p>Kusin\u00e0gar (Kusin\u00e0r\u00e0), x\u01b0a kia thu\u1ed9c x\u1ee9 Malla, l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y <i>r\u1eb1m th\u00e1ng hai \u00e2m l\u1ecbch n\u0103m \u0110inh T\u1ef5, t\u1ee9c n\u0103m 544 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch<\/i>. Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y tr\u0103ng tr\u00f2n th\u00e1ng Ves\u00e0kha.<\/p>\n<p>Kusin\u00e0gar hi\u1ec7n nay thu\u1ed9c l\u00e0ng Kasia, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn Gorakhpur 51 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng. C\u00e1ch Lumbini 176 km v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Kapilavatthu 2 (b\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9) 148 km b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng xe. Ga xe l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Gorakhpur (51 km). Phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Varanasi (280 km).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 45, n\u0103m 545 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng <b>Beluva<\/b>g\u1ea7n Ves\u00e0l\u00ec, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng. Sau khi h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c, Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho ch\u01b0 t\u0103ng ni v\u1ec1 t\u00e1nh v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh, v\u00e0 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u1edf th\u1ebf gian c\u0169ng s\u1eafp m\u00e3n. Ng\u00e0i khuy\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u0129 kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean t\u00ecm ch\u1ed7 n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a n\u01a1i m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb Gi\u00e1o ch\u1ee7 m\u00e0 n\u00ean n\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1a v\u00e0o T\u1ef1 T\u00ednh Tam B\u1ea3o s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 n\u01a1i m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>Sau m\u00f9a an c\u01b0, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng <b>K\u00f9t\u00e0g\u00e0ra<\/b>(Tr\u00f9ng C\u00e1c) t\u1ea1i tinh x\u00e1 Mah\u00e0vana (\u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m) \u1edf Ves\u00e0l\u00ec, tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t trong 3 th\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n<p>Sau \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 <b>P\u00e0v\u00e0<\/b>x\u1ee9 Malla, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u00f4ng th\u1ee3 r\u00e8n<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn5\" title=\"\">[5]<\/a>t\u00ean Cunda (Thu\u1ea7n \u0110\u00e0) c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng trai ph\u1ea1n. Sau khi \u0103n \u00edt ch\u00e1o n\u1ea5m<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn6\" title=\"\">[6]<\/a>, Ph\u1eadt b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng Cunda \u0111em ch\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0103n. Ph\u1eadt nhu\u1ed1m b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i <b>Kusin\u00e0gar,<\/b>n\u01a1i r\u1eebng c\u00e2y s\u00e0la (l\u00e2m vi\u00ean Up\u00e0v\u00e0tt\u00e0na), b\u00ean b\u1edd s\u00f4ng Hiranyavati, v\u00ec trong m\u1ed9t ki\u1ebfp tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m chuy\u1ec3n lu\u00e2n th\u00e1nh v\u01b0\u01a1ng <i>Mah\u00e0 Sudarsana<\/i>(\u0110\u1ea1i Thi\u1ec7n Ki\u1ebfn) t\u1ea1i th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 <i>Kusavati<\/i>(C\u00e2u X\u00e1 B\u00e0 \u0110\u1ec1) r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed3n th\u1ecbnh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y. M\u1ed9t l\u00fd do kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh chi\u1ebfn tranh do s\u1ef1 tranh gi\u00e0nh x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n<p>Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thu nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec7 t\u1eed cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 du s\u0129 <i>Subhadda<\/i>. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a Subhadda mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o ph\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1eddi ai l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt d\u1ea1y :<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <i>N\u00e0y Subhadda, trong \u0111o\u00e0n th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec5 c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i>.<i>\u00d4ng h\u00e3y c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111i, r\u1ed3i ch\u00ednh \u00f4ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1o hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>L\u1eddi d\u1ea1y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt cho ng\u00e0i \u00c0nanda :<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <i>N\u00e0y \u00c0nanda, th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean b\u1eadn t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u1ebb vang nh\u1ee5c th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a Nh\u01b0 Lai. Th\u1ea7y h\u00e3y t\u1eadn l\u1ef1c tinh t\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh m\u00ecnh<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <i>N\u00e0y \u00c0nanda, th\u1ea7y \u0111\u1eebng ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng Gi\u00e1o Hu\u1ea5n T\u1ed1i Cao kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea7y gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y, t\u0103ng ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0. Kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean, \u00c0nanda, th\u1ea7y kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean suy t\u01b0 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Nh\u01b0 Lai truy\u1ec1n d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i. Khi Nh\u01b0 Lai nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t r\u1ed3i th\u00ec Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Gi\u1edbi Lu\u1eadt \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o s\u01b0 c\u1ee7a qu\u00fd th\u1ea7y<\/i>.<\/p>\n<p>R\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb kh\u1ea5t s\u0129, n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfp :<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; V\u1ea3 l\u1ea1i, n\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, Gi\u00e1o Ph\u00e1p m\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y t\u1eeb 45 n\u0103m nay ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n, t\u00f9y duy\u00ean, kh\u1ebf h\u1ee3p c\u0103n c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a th\u00ednh ch\u00fang m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng n\u00f3i. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a ch\u01b0 Ph\u1eadt, Nh\u01b0 Lai ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng th\u1ed1t ra m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eady ? T\u1ea1i v\u00ec Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 b\u00e0n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n t\u1ea3. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y n\u00ean bi\u1ebft :<\/p>\n<p><i>&#8220;Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p b\u1ed5n v\u00f4 ph\u00e1p,<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>&#8220;V\u00f4-ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p di\u1ec7c ph\u00e1p.<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>&#8220;Kim ph\u00fa v\u00f4-ph\u00e1p th\u1eddi,<\/i><\/p>\n<p><i>&#8220;Ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1p h\u00e0 t\u1eb1ng ph\u00e1p<\/i>.<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn7\" title=\"\">[7]<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u1eb1m y\u00ean, ngh\u1ec9 m\u1ec7t m\u1ed9t l\u00e1t, r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i th\u1ed1t ra l\u1eddi d\u1ea1y cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng n\u00e0y :<\/p>\n<p>&#8211; <b><i>N\u00e0y c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y, h\u00e3y nghe Nh\u01b0 Lai n\u00f3i \u0111\u00e2y. V\u1ea1n ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u00f3 sinh th\u00ec c\u00f3 di\u1ec7t. C\u00e1c th\u1ea7y h\u00e3y tinh ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t<\/i><\/b>.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00f3i xong Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft, nh\u1eadp s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, nh\u1eadp nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n &#8230; l\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t th\u1ecd t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh, nh\u1eadp phi t\u01b0\u1edfng phi phi t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh &#8230; l\u1ea7n xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i xu\u1ea5t s\u01a1 thi\u1ec1n, nh\u1eadp nh\u1ecb thi\u1ec1n &#8230; l\u1ea7n l\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n, r\u1ed3i ng\u00e0i xu\u1ea5t t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n li\u1ec1n sau \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n<p>Sau khi nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, kim th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e0n l\u1ea1i s\u00e1u ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Mah\u00e0 Kassapa. \u0110\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Mah\u00e0 Kassapa v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1edbi h\u1ecfa t\u00e1ng t\u1ea1i th\u00e1p Mukuta Bandhana (hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 th\u00e1p Rambhar Stupa). C\u00f3 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea1o binh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3y x\u1ee9 \u0111\u00f3ng xung quanh ch\u1edd th\u1ec9nh x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 x\u1ee9 m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i th\u00e1p Rambhar Stupa, x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m 8 ph\u1ea7n cho 7 x\u1ee9: x\u1ee9 Magadha l\u1eadp th\u00e1p th\u1edd \u1edf R\u00e0jagaha, x\u1ee9 Vajji l\u1eadp th\u00e1p th\u1edd \u1edf Ves\u00e0l\u00ec, x\u1ee9 S\u00e0kya l\u1eadp th\u00e1p th\u1edd \u1edf Kapilavatthu 2, x\u1ee9 Koliya l\u1eadp th\u00e1p th\u1edd \u1edf R\u00e0magama (Devadaha), x\u1ee9 Vetha l\u1eadp th\u00e1p th\u1edd \u1edf Vethad\u00ecpa, x\u1ee9 Buliya l\u1eadp th\u00e1p th\u1edd \u1edf Allakappa, x\u1ee9 Malla l\u1eadp th\u00e1p th\u1edd \u1edf Kusin\u00e0gar v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p kh\u00e1c \u1edf th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 P\u00e0v\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i Kusin\u00e0gar, ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam b\u00e1i :<\/p>\n<p>1- <i>\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt Nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/i>(Mah\u00e0parinirvana Temple), v\u1edbi pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt n\u1eb1m d\u00e0i 6m, \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u1eafc, m\u00ecnh nghi\u00eang b\u00ean ph\u1ea3i, g\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u x\u00fac c\u1ea3m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tr\u00ean t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u00e1 d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng ch\u1eef ghi t\u1eeb th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 5, cho bi\u1ebft danh t\u00e1nh c\u1ee7a th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u00eau kh\u1eafc gia : \u201cDeyadharmoyam mah\u00e0-viharaswamino Haribalasya Pratimaceyam ghatita Dine &#8230; Mathurena.\u201d C\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1ec5 v\u1eadt c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a Haribala Swami, ch\u00f9a Mah\u00e0 Vihara<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn8\" title=\"\">[8]<\/a>. Pho t\u01b0\u1ee3ng do Dina &#8230; Mathura th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>2- Li\u1ec1n k\u1ebf ph\u00eda sau \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd \u1ea5y l\u00e0 <i>th\u00e1p k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt Nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n<\/i>(Mah\u00e0parinirvana Stupa). Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u kh\u1ea3o c\u1ed5 x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn th\u00ec ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 n\u1eb1m tr\u00fat h\u01a1i th\u1edf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eadp \u0110\u1ea1i B\u00e1t Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n; b\u1ed9 t\u1ed9c Malla \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y th\u00e1p n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1edd 1\/8 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>3- <i>Th\u00e1p Rambhar Stupa<\/i>(Mukuta Bandhana<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn9\" title=\"\">[9]<\/a>) cao 15 m, n\u01a1i c\u1eed h\u00e0nh l\u1ec5 tr\u00e0 t\u1ef3, h\u1ecfa thi\u00eau nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, v\u00e0 chia x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt ra l\u00e0m 8 ph\u1ea7n b\u1eb1ng nhau cho 7 x\u1ee9. Th\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00e1ch th\u00e1p Mah\u00e0parinirvana kho\u1ea3ng 200m v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>4- <i>\u0110\u1ec1n th\u1edd Mathakuar<\/i>, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, c\u00e1ch th\u00e1p Mah\u00e0parinirvana 366m v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam.<\/p>\n<h4>R\u00e0jagaha (V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1)<\/h4>\n<p>X\u01b0a kia R\u00e0jagriha (Sanscrit) hay R\u00e0jagaha (Pali) l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Magadha (Ma Ki\u1ec7t \u0110\u00e0). Hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Rajgir c\u1ee7a ti\u1ec3u bang Bihar. R\u00e0jagaha c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn Patna 100 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng nam, c\u00e1ch Bodh-Gay\u00e0 70 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch N\u00e0land\u00e0 11 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u00e2y nam. Ga xe l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Bhakhtiyarpur (54 km). Phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Patna (100 km).<\/p>\n<p>Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 c\u0169 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t thung l\u0169ng r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa 6 ng\u1ecdn n\u00fai: Ratna v\u00e0 Chhatha ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng, Vipula ph\u00eda b\u1eafc, Vaibhara ph\u00eda t\u00e2y, Sona ph\u00eda nam, v\u00e0 Udaya ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng nam. Th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 m\u1edbi \u1edf ph\u00eda b\u1eafc n\u00fai Vaibhara v\u00e0 n\u00fai Vipula. Ch\u00ednh vua Aj\u00e0tasattu \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eddi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 x\u1ee9 Magadha \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1 m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 con c\u1ee7a vua Aj\u00e0tasattu l\u00e0 Udayin (Udayabhadda), v\u1ec1 sau, l\u1ea1i d\u1eddi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ebfn P\u00e0taliputta, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Patna. Hai l\u1ea7n d\u1eddi th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u k\u1ef9 t\u1eeb \u0111\u1eddi vua cha.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i R\u00e0jagaha, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam b\u00e1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i sau \u0111\u00e2y :<\/p>\n<p>1- <i>Linh Th\u1ee9u S\u01a1n<\/i>(Griddhak\u00f9ta, Gijjhak\u00f9ta) c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 K\u1ef3 X\u00e0 Qu\u1eadt hay K\u00ea T\u00fac S\u01a1n : a) N\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt c\u01b0 tr\u00fa v\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p (Ph\u00e1p Hoa, B\u00e1t Nh\u00e3, &#8230;), b) <i>\u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0i \u00c0nanda<\/i>, n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 l\u1ea7n ng\u00e0i b\u1ecb qu\u1ef7 Pisuna h\u00f3a chim k\u00ean \u0111\u1ee9ng d\u1ecda, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt d\u00f9ng th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a tay \u0111\u1ebfn v\u1ecbn vai ng\u00e0i \u00c0nanda \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea5n an, c) <i>\u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0i S\u00e0riputta,<\/i>d) <i>con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng Bimbis\u00e0ra<\/i>\u0111i t\u1eeb ch\u00e2n n\u00fai \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec9nh Linh Th\u1ee9u, e) <i>n\u01a1i Devadatta l\u0103n \u0111\u00e1 l\u00e0m Ph\u1eadt b\u1ecb th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n<\/i>. Theo \u0111i\u1ec3n t\u00edch \u201c<i>Ni\u00eam hoa vi ti\u1ebfu<\/i>\u201d, ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 truy\u1ec1n t\u00e2m \u1ea5n cho T\u1ed5 Mah\u00e0 Kassapa tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai n\u00e0y. Sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed9 5 n\u0103m, T\u1ed5 Mah\u00e0 Kassapa c\u0169ng v\u00e0o n\u00fai n\u00e0y, ng\u1ed3i ki\u1ebft gi\u00e0 nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea1i nh\u1ee5c th\u00e2n c\u00f2n nguy\u00ean v\u1eb9n (?).<\/p>\n<p>2- <i>\u0110\u1ec1n Maddakucci<\/i>, n\u01a1i ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Videhi ch\u00e0 x\u00e1t b\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 thai; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt n\u1eb1m ch\u1edd y s\u0129 J\u00ecvaka b\u0103ng b\u00f3 v\u1ebft th\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u01a1i ch\u00e2n do Devadatta l\u0103n \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ebft Ph\u1eadt. C\u00e1ch \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng xa l\u00e0 khu v\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a y s\u0129 J\u00ecvaka thu\u1edf x\u01b0a (Jivak\u00e0mravana), g\u1ea7n c\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>3- <i>Th\u00e0nh R\u00e0jagaha c\u0169<\/i>, n\u01a1i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t v\u00e0 M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean xin xu\u1ea5t gia; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Sarigupta thu\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o Nigantha (Ni Ki\u1ec1n \u0110\u00e0) \u0111\u00e0o m\u1ed9t h\u1ed1 s\u00e2u \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1eeda v\u00e0 d\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ed3 \u0103n c\u00f3 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c cho Ph\u1eadt. <i>C\u1ed5ng th\u00e0nh ph\u00eda b\u1eafc<\/i>l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Devadatta th\u1ea3 voi say h\u1ea1i Ph\u1eadt. \u1ede <i>c\u1ed5ng ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng<\/i>c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i y s\u0129 J\u00ecvaka c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 1250 v\u1ecb t\u1ef3 kheo. G\u1ea7n <i>c\u1ed5ng ph\u00eda nam<\/i>th\u00e0nh R\u00e0jagaha c\u0169 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i giam vua Bimbis\u00e0ra. \u1ede ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh R\u00e0jagaha c\u0169 c\u00f3 <i>\u0111\u1ec1n Manyar Math<\/i>c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1o Jaina (K\u1ef3 Na t\u00ean c\u0169 l\u00e0 Nigantha) th\u1edd c\u00e1c th\u1ea7n r\u1eafn l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt c\u00f2n t\u1ea1i th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n<p>4- <i>Th\u00e1p H\u00f2a B\u00ecnh<\/i>(Vishwa Shanti Stupa) cao 38m do h\u1ed9i Nipponzan Myohoji thu\u1ed9c Thi\u00ean Thai t\u00f4ng x\u00e2y v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng n\u0103m 1995 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh n\u00fai Ratnagiri.<\/p>\n<p>5- <i>Tr\u00fac L\u00e2m tinh x\u00e1<\/i>(Venuvana vihara) r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 40 m\u1eabu t\u00e2y, v\u1edbi h\u1ed3 Karanda, l\u00e0 tinh x\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt, do vua Bimbis\u00e0ra d\u00e2ng c\u00fang, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 2 v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 3. Venuvana l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t tinh x\u00e1 l\u1edbn ch\u1ec9 thua Jetavana. Ng\u00e0i Mah\u00e0 Kassapa xin xu\u1ea5t gia t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 3. Ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean b\u1ecb ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o \u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Isigili g\u1ea7n tinh x\u00e1 Venuvana v\u00e0o h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 44, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ed7 x\u00e2y th\u00e1p th\u1edd g\u1ea7n c\u1ed5ng tinh x\u00e1.<\/p>\n<p>6- <i>Su\u1ed1i n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng Satadhara<\/i>, d\u01b0\u1edbi ch\u00e2n n\u00fai Vaibhara, n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eafm nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i b\u1ed9 theo m\u1ed9t con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ebfn <i>ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 Pippala<\/i>, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ebfn <i>\u0111\u1ed9ng Sattapanna<\/i>(\u0111\u1ed9ng Th\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7p), n\u01a1i ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n<p>7- <i>Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 Pippala<\/i>, n\u01a1i x\u01b0a kia ng\u00e0i \u0110\u1ea1i Ca Di\u1ebfp (Mah\u00e0 Kassapa) \u1edf, m\u1ed9t h\u00f4m b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt t\u1edbi th\u0103m, thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p Th\u1ea5t B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 Ph\u1ea7n (Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi). Sau khi nghe ph\u00e1p, ng\u00e0i Ca Di\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n l\u00e0nh b\u1ec7nh.<\/p>\n<p>8- <i>\u0110\u1ed9ng Sattapanna<\/i>(Th\u1ea5t Di\u1ec7p, T\u1ea5t-b\u00e1t-la) g\u1ed3m 7 hang \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u1ec1 nhau, n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean n\u00fai Vaibhara, n\u01a1i 500 v\u1ecb A-la-h\u00e1n ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 Mah\u00e0 Kassapa.<\/p>\n<p>9- <i>Ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Devadatta<\/i>\u1edf khi x\u01b0a \u0111\u1ec3 tu luy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1 Makhdum Kund c\u00f3 v\u1ebft m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf nh\u01b0 m\u00e1u. Theo kh\u1ea9u truy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1ecb t\u0103ng ng\u1ed3i thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ec3 luy\u1ec7n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng, b\u1ecb v\u1ee1 s\u1ecd phun m\u00e1u l\u00ean v\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1, v\u1ebft m\u00e1u c\u00f2n l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00e0y nay.<\/p>\n<p>10- <i>Th\u00e1p th\u1edd x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt<\/i>do vua Aj\u00e0tasattu d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean \u1edf ph\u00eda t\u00e2y th\u00e0nh R\u00e0jagaha m\u1edbi; b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t <i>th\u00e1p kh\u00e1c th\u1edd n\u1eeda ph\u1ea7n x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u00c0nanda<\/i>.<\/p>\n<h4>Jetavana (V\u01b0\u1eddn K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0, K\u1ef3 Vi\u00ean Tinh X\u00e1)<\/h4>\n<p>\u00d4ng Sudatt\u00e0 (Tu \u0110\u1ea1t \u0110a), bi\u1ec7t danh l\u00e0 An\u00e0thapindika (C\u1ea5p C\u00f4 \u0110\u1ed9c) tr\u1ea3i v\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 mua khu v\u01b0\u1eddn c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed Jeta (K\u1ef3 \u0110\u00e0), con vua Pasenadi, l\u00e0m tinh x\u00e1 cho Ph\u1eadt v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o \u0111o\u00e0n v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 586 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c S\u00e0riputta h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ch\u1ec9nh trang khu v\u01b0\u1eddn n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh tinh x\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u01a1i c\u01b0 tr\u00fa cho tr\u00ean hai ng\u00e0n tu s\u0129. Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadp 25 h\u1ea1 t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, trong su\u1ed1t 45 n\u0103m h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1o. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft kinh L\u0103ng Nghi\u00eam, kinh Kim Cang, kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0, kinh Vu Lan, kinh V\u1ecb T\u1eb1ng H\u1eefu, kinh Di L\u1eb7c Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Sanh &#8230;<\/p>\n<p>Tinh x\u00e1 Jetavana (hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Saheth) r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed9 50 m\u1eabu t\u00e2y, \u1edf s\u00e1t ph\u00eda nam th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 S\u00e0vatthi c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Kosala. Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0vatthi (hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Mahet) n\u1eb1m trong qu\u1eadn Gonda, thu\u1ed9c ti\u1ec3u bang Uttar Pradesh. S\u00e0vatthi c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn Lucknow 151 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng b\u1eafc, c\u00e1ch Kapilavatthu 147 km, c\u00e1ch Varanasi 401 km. Ga xe l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Balrampur (19 km). Phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Lucknow (151 km).<\/p>\n<p>Jetavana l\u00e0 tinh x\u00e1 l\u1edbn v\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, nh\u1edd s\u1ef1 \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 nhi\u1ec7t th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a 2 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00ed ch\u1ee7 l\u00e0 \u00f4ng Sudatt\u00e0 An\u00e0thapindika v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Vis\u00e0kh\u00e0, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 t\u1eadn t\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a th\u00e1i t\u1eed Jeta v\u00e0 vua Pasenadi. X\u01b0a kia \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t l\u00e2m vi\u00ean n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau: Kh\u00ed h\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 n\u00f3ng, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 l\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 mu\u1ed7i, y\u00ean t\u0129nh, che ch\u1edf m\u01b0a to gi\u00f3 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 n\u1eafng kh\u00f4, d\u1ec5 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i Jetavana \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00f4 di\u1ec5n th\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng n\u01a1i c\u00e2y xo\u00e0i Ganda \u0111\u1ec3 chinh ph\u1ee5c 6 ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1o. Ng\u00e0i \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111i lui tr\u00ean c\u1ea7u v\u00f2ng 5 m\u00e0u gi\u1eefa kh\u00f4ng trung \u0111\u1ec3 thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p cho d\u00e2n ch\u00fang nghe, bi\u1ebfn ra nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e2n, m\u1ed7i th\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u phun ra n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 l\u1eeda. Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 <i>th\u00e1p Gandhabba Rukkamula<\/i>(s\u1ed1 24) k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a th\u1ea7y <i>Nand\u00e0<\/i>l\u00ean cung tr\u1eddi \u0110ao L\u1ee3i (T\u00e0vatimsa) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9 ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh xu\u1ea5t gia, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n luy\u1ebfn \u00e1i ng\u01b0\u1edd\u00ec v\u1ee3 m\u1edbi c\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00e0 Janapada Kalyani n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n<p>Ch\u00ednh n\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed9 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi g\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n t\u00ean <i>Sun\u00ecta<\/i>v\u00e0 t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n <i>Angulim\u00e0la<\/i>xu\u1ea5t gia.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 14, b\u00e0 <i>Vis\u00e0kh\u00e0<\/i>c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e2ng c\u00fang tinh x\u00e1 <i>Pubb\u00e0r\u00e0ma<\/i>(\u0110\u00f4ng Vi\u00ean) v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng L\u1ed9c M\u1eabu. Tinh x\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 S\u00e0vatthi.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn Jetavana, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chi\u00eam b\u00e1i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i sau \u0111\u00e2y :<\/p>\n<p>1- <i>C\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u00c0nanda<\/i>(s\u1ed1 1 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3) : V\u00e0o h\u1ea1 th\u1ee9 24 (n\u0103m -566), do l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda Moggall\u00e0na l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t tr\u00e1i ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e2y \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u1edf Bodh Gay\u00e0 trao cho Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda. Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ecda \u00c0nanda trao tr\u00e1i \u1ea5y cho vua Pasenadi. Vua Pasenadi trao l\u1ea1i cho \u00f4ng Sudatt\u00e0 v\u00e0 b\u00e0 Vis\u00e0kh\u00e0. \u00d4ng Sudatt\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng g\u1ea7n c\u1ed5ng Jetavana m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u00c0nanda. B\u00e0 Vis\u00e0kh\u00e0 c\u0169ng tr\u1ed3ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y t\u1ea1i tinh x\u00e1 \u0110\u00f4ng Vi\u00ean. Hai c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, theo d\u1ee5ng \u00fd c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i \u00c0nanda \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn, l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 khi kh\u00e1ch ph\u01b0\u01a1ng xa \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ebfng Ph\u1eadt, r\u1ee7i g\u1eb7p l\u00fac Ph\u1eadt \u0111i v\u1eafng, th\u00ec <i>\u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea3nh l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt<\/i>. C\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 \u00c0nanda hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi\u1ebft nh\u00e1nh t\u1eeb c\u00e2y B\u1ed3-\u0111\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i Anuradhapura \u1edf Sri Lanka (T\u00edch Lan).<\/p>\n<p>2- <i>Ch\u00f9a s\u1ed1 3 (Kosamba kuti)<\/i>l\u00e0 th\u00e1nh t\u00edch thi\u00eang li\u00eang nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Jetavana, do \u00f4ng Sudatt\u00e0 d\u1ef1ng l\u00ean l\u00e0m n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00fa cho Ph\u1eadt. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t ch\u00f9a c\u00f3 hai b\u1ec7 g\u1ea1ch x\u00e2y tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kinh h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt (s\u1ed1 22 tr\u00ean b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3).<\/p>\n<p>3- <i>Tinh x\u00e1 s\u1ed1 19 (R\u00e0jakar\u00e0ma)<\/i>l\u00e0 tinh x\u00e1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea1i Jetavana, g\u1ed3m c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec7n Ph\u1eadt, m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i gi\u1ebfng gi\u1eefa s\u00e2n, 22 t\u1ecbnh th\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf v\u00e2y xung quanh. H\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 tinh x\u00e1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y \u0111i d\u1ef1ng l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn 3 l\u1ea7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng h\u00ecnh vu\u00f4ng m\u1ed7i c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ed9 36m. Tinh x\u00e1 n\u00e0y do \u00f4ng Sudatt\u00e0 c\u1ea5t v\u1edbi 7 t\u1ea7ng l\u1ea7u, v\u1ec1 sau ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n 2 t\u1ea7ng.<\/p>\n<p>4- <i>Th\u00e1p s\u1ed1 12 R\u00e0hula kuti<\/i>(am c\u1ee7a R\u00e0hula).<\/p>\n<p>5- <i>Th\u00e1p s\u1ed1 5 S\u00e0riputta stupa<\/i>(th\u00e1p th\u1edd x\u00e1-l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a S\u00e0riputta).<\/p>\n<p>6- <i>Th\u00e1p s\u1ed1 6 Angulim\u00e0la kuti<\/i>(am c\u1ee7a Angulim\u00e0la).<\/p>\n<p>7- <i>Th\u00e1p s\u1ed1 14 \u00c0nanda kuti<\/i>(am c\u1ee7a \u00c0nanda).<\/p>\n<p>8- <i>Th\u00e1p s\u1ed1 2 Gandha kuti<\/i>(H\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00f2ng, am c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt).<\/p>\n<p>Gandha kuti v\u00e0 \u00c0nanda kuti l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 h\u00e0o quang linh thi\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00eam, v\u00ec \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt th\u01b0\u1eddng \u1edf hai n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p>9- <i>Pakki kuti<\/i>(s\u1ed1 20) \u1edf trong th\u00e0nh S\u00e0vatthi, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 Maheth, ph\u00eda b\u1eafc Jetavana (Saheth), l\u00e0 th\u00e1p k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i Ph\u1eadt g\u1eb7p Angulim\u00e0la, t\u00ean s\u00e1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ebft 999 ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<p>10- <i>Kachchi kuti<\/i>(s\u1ed1 21) \u1edf ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng Pakki-kuti l\u00e0 th\u00e1p k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i c\u00f3 dinh th\u1ef1 \u00f4ng Sudatt\u00e0 khi x\u01b0a.<\/p>\n<p>11- <i>Ao Devadatta<\/i>(s\u1ed1 23) : Theo m\u1ed9t huy\u1ec1n tho\u1ea1i th\u00ec Devadatta \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f3ng tay, \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn Jetavana gi\u1ea3 v\u1edd l\u1ec5 Ph\u1eadt s\u00e1m h\u1ed1i r\u1ed3i nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n c\u00e0o v\u00e0o ch\u00e2n Ph\u1eadt, nh\u01b0ng khi g\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ebfn c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o Jetavana th\u00ec b\u1ecb s\u1ee5p h\u1ed1 ch\u1ebft (b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea5t nu\u1ed1t). H\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i th\u00e0nh ao Devadatta.<\/p>\n<p><i>Vua Asoka cho d\u1ef1ng hai tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1<\/i>cao \u0111\u1ed9 22m \u1edf c\u1ed5ng ph\u00eda \u0111\u00f4ng. M\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 ph\u00e1p lu\u00e2n (b\u00e1nh xe ph\u00e1p) tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u1ed9t c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng con b\u00f2.<\/p>\n<h4>Ves\u00e0l\u00ec (T\u1ef3 X\u00e1 Ly)<\/h4>\n<p>Ves\u00e0l\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 c\u1ee7a x\u1ee9 Vajji (B\u1ea1t K\u1ef3) x\u01b0a kia, do T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Tomara Licchavi r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ebfn T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Cedaga Licchavi cai tr\u1ecb theo th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf D\u00e2n Ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng H\u00f2a; t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ecb ch\u1ee9c s\u1eafc \u0111\u1ec1u do d\u00e2n c\u1eed.<\/p>\n<p>Ves\u00e0l\u00ec c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn Patna 56 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1eafc; ph\u1ea3i qua c\u1ea7u Mah\u00e0tma Gandhi d\u00e0i 5,5 km b\u1eafc ngang qua s\u00f4ng Gang\u00e0. Ga xe l\u1eeda g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Hajipur (35 km). Phi tr\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Patna (56 km).<\/p>\n<p>N\u0103m 586 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung th\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ebfn Ves\u00e0l\u00ec tr\u1eeb b\u1ec7nh d\u1ecbch t\u1ea3, ng\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 thuy\u1ebft kinh Ratana (B\u1ea3o Ch\u00e2u) v\u00e0 kinh D\u01b0\u1ee3c S\u01b0 L\u01b0u Ly Quang Nh\u01b0 Lai B\u1ea3n Nguy\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng \u0110\u1ee9c cho \u0111\u00e1m \u0111\u00f4ng d\u00e2n ch\u00fang v\u00e0 c\u00f3 84.000 ng\u00e0n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eafc qu\u1ea3 Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00e0o n\u0103m 585 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ee9c <i>Ph\u1eadt th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp Ni b\u1ed9 t\u1ea1i Ves\u00e0l\u00ec<\/i>v\u1edbi 500 t\u1ef3 kheo ni do ho\u00e0ng h\u1eadu Paj\u00e0pati Gotam\u00ec h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111i b\u1ed9 t\u1eeb Kapilavatthu \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p><i>Tinh x\u00e1 Mah\u00e0vana<\/i>(\u0110\u1ea1i L\u00e2m) v\u1edbi <i>gi\u1ea3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng K\u00f9t\u00e0g\u00e0ra<\/i>(Tr\u00f9ng C\u00e1c) , c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 Ves\u00e0l\u00ec 3 km, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00e0 <i>th\u00e1p k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt thuy\u1ebft ph\u00e1p l\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 s\u1ebd nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t trong ba th\u00e1ng<\/i>, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a vua Asoka. Th\u00e1p n\u00e0y c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Buddha Stupa 2. N\u01a1i \u0111\u00e2y, x\u01b0a kia c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t con kh\u1ec9 c\u1ea7m b\u00ecnh b\u00e1t Ph\u1eadt leo l\u00ean c\u00e2y l\u1ea5y m\u1eadt ong cho Ph\u1eadt. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadn m\u00f3n c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01a1n s\u01a1 \u0111\u00f3, con kh\u1ec9 vui m\u1eebng nh\u1ea3y chuy\u1ec1n t\u1eeb c\u00e2y n\u00e0y qua c\u00e2y kh\u00e1c, r\u1ee7i t\u00e9 xu\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebft, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i tr\u1eddi.<i>Tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 Asoka cao 11m<\/i>, tr\u00ean ch\u00f3p c\u00f3 t\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u01b0 t\u1eed nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng Kusin\u00e0gar. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 <i>h\u1ed3 Abhishek Puskarini<\/i>v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc linh thi\u00eang th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ph\u00e9p th\u1ee5 phong cho c\u00e1c v\u1ecb d\u00e2n c\u1eed t\u1ea1i Ves\u00e0l\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p><i>V\u01b0\u1eddn xo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a b\u00e0 Ambap\u00e0li<\/i>d\u00e2ng c\u00fang Ph\u1eadt \u1edf trong l\u00e0ng Amvara g\u1ea7n n\u01a1i n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<p><i>Th\u00e1p th\u1edd\u00a01\/8 x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt<\/i>do c\u00e1c v\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed Licchavi nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Th\u00e1p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Relic Stupa hay Buddha Stupa 1.<\/p>\n<p>Ng\u00e0i \u00c0nanda nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t h\u00f2n \u0111\u1ea3o \u1edf gi\u1eefa s\u00f4ng Ganga (H\u1eb1ng), x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i ng\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia ra l\u00e0m 2 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec1u nhau. Vua Aj\u00e0tasattu x\u1ee9 Magadha x\u00e2y <i>th\u00e1p th\u1edd x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i ng\u00e0i \u00c0nanda<\/i>t\u1ea1i V\u01b0\u01a1ng X\u00e1, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u00e1p th\u1edd x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i Ph\u1eadt. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u1ee9 Vajji x\u00e2y th\u00e1p th\u1edd x\u00e1 l\u1ee3i ng\u00e0i \u00c0nanda t\u1ea1i Ves\u00e0l\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>100 n\u0103m sau khi Ph\u1eadt nh\u1eadp ni\u1ebft b\u00e0n (n\u0103m -444), cu\u1ed9c <i>ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp kinh \u0111i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai<\/i>\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i Ves\u00e0l\u00ec, chia ra Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng T\u1ecda B\u1ed9 hay Nam T\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ea1i Ch\u00fang B\u1ed9 hay B\u1eafc T\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n<p>Ves\u00e0l\u00ec c\u0169ng l\u00e0 <i>qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i c\u01b0 s\u0129 B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t Duy Ma C\u1eadt<\/i>(Vimalakirti).<\/p>\n<p>T\u1ea1i <i>\u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m Deora<\/i>, trong l\u00e0ng Kesariya hi\u1ec7n nay, c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a vua Asoka k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt g\u00e2y ra \u1ea3o gi\u00e1c c\u00f3 con s\u00f4ng l\u1edbn ch\u1eafn ngang, n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang d\u00e2ng cao v\u00e0 ch\u1ea3y m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c V\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eed Licchavi bu\u1ed9c l\u00f2ng ph\u1ea3i quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng \u0111i theo Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ebfn Kusin\u00e0gar.<\/p>\n<h4>\u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o N\u00e0land\u00e0<\/h4>\n<p>Di t\u00edch l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o N\u00e0land\u00e0 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u1ea1i l\u00e0ng Baragaon, c\u00e1ch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn Patna 90 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng-nam, c\u00e1ch Bodh Gay\u00e0 80 km v\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00f4ng-b\u1eafc, v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch Rajgir 11 km. \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o N\u00e0land\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng 14 m\u1eabu t\u00e2y, c\u00f3 11 tu vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 5 \u0111\u1ec1n th\u1edd Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n<p>N\u00e0land\u00e0 do ch\u1eef Na-alam-da l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh hi\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ed1 th\u00ed kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng ngh\u1ec9\u201d. N\u00e0land\u00e0 l\u00e0 qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t (S\u00e0riputta) v\u00e0 ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean (Moggall\u00e0na). Ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t xin ph\u00e9p Ph\u1eadt v\u1ec1 qu\u00ea ch\u00f4n m\u1eb9 r\u1ed3i nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y. Th\u00e1p th\u1edd ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i th\u00e1p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 b\u1eb1ng g\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ecf hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1ea1i Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc N\u00e0land\u00e0; b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u00e1p kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1p kh\u00e1c m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng xung quanh c\u00f3 ch\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ph\u1eadt c\u0169ng l\u00e0 th\u00e1p th\u1edd ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t. X\u00e1 l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 y b\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vua x\u1ee9 Kosala th\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp th\u00e1p th\u1edd t\u1ea1i Jetavana. \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00e0land\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 hai tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch. V\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0i N\u00e0g\u00e0rjuna (Long Th\u1ecd), T\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 14. Ng\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u1ef1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u00e1nh t\u0103ng n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng nh\u01b0 N\u00e0g\u00e0rjuna (Long Th\u1ecd, T\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 14), Arya Deva (Th\u00e1nh Thi\u00ean), Asanga (V\u00f4 Tr\u01b0\u1edbc), Vasubandhu (Th\u1ebf Th\u00e2n, T\u1ed5 th\u1ee9 21), Dinn\u00e0ga (Tr\u1ea7n Na), Dharmapala (Ph\u00e1p H\u1ed9), S\u00eclabhadra (Gi\u1edbi Hi\u1ec1n), Huy\u1ec1n Trang, Dharmakirti (Ph\u00e1p X\u1ee9ng), Shant\u00e0rakshita (nh\u1eadp di\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng n\u0103m 762), Padmasambhava (v\u1ecb T\u1ed5 M\u1eadt T\u00f4ng t\u1ea1i T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng), &#8230; V\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 b\u1ea3y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00e0land\u00e0 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 1.500 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u00e0 9.500 sinh vi\u00ean<a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftn10\" title=\"\">[10]<\/a>, l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1eddi b\u1ea5y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n<p>G\u1ea7n N\u00e0land\u00e0 c\u00f3<i>l\u00e0ng Kulika<\/i>(Kolita) l\u00e0 qu\u00ea c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i M\u1ee5c Ki\u1ec1n Li\u00ean v\u00e0 <i>l\u00e0ng Kalapinaka<\/i>(Upatissa) l\u00e0 qu\u00ea c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i X\u00e1 L\u1ee3i Ph\u1ea5t. <i>C\u1ea3 hai n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e1 k\u1ef7 ni\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a vua Asoka.<\/i><\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc N\u00e0land\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u suy s\u1ee5p v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 th\u1ee9 t\u00e1m. K\u1ebf \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ecb v\u1ecb vua H\u1ed3i gi\u00e1o t\u00ean Bahktiyar Khalji chi\u1ebfm Magadha v\u00e0 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0o th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 11-12.<\/p>\n<p><i>Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc N\u00e0land\u00e0 m\u1edbi<\/i>, t\u1ecda l\u1ea1c tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, c\u00e1ch Vi\u1ec7n \u0110\u1ea1i H\u1ecdc c\u0169 b\u1edfi h\u1ed3 Indra \u0111\u1ea7y sen n\u1edf v\u00e0o m\u00f9a h\u00e8, do \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ee9c Kassapa \u0111\u1ec1 x\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y c\u1ea5t. T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Ragendra Prasad \u0111\u1eb7t vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 19\/11\/1951. Nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef Pali, v\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc qua ch\u1eef Sanscrit, T\u00e2y T\u1ea1ng, Trung Hoa, M\u00f4ng C\u1ed5, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c \u1edf \u00c1 ch\u00e2u. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang cho sinh vi\u00ean cao \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, g\u1ed3m b\u1ed1n ban: 1- V\u0103n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng, 2- Lu\u1eadn l\u00fd (Abhidhamma), 3- L\u1ecbch s\u1eed v\u00e0 bia k\u00fd, 4- Ph\u1eadt h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n<p><i>Vi\u1ec7n Huy\u1ec1n Trang<\/i>, n\u01a1i t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, kinh s\u00e1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0i Huy\u1ec1n Trang do Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Nehru x\u1ee9 \u1ea4n v\u00e0 Th\u1ee7 t\u01b0\u1edbng Chu \u00c2n Lai x\u1ee9 Trung Hoa th\u1ecfa thu\u1eadn th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1954.<\/p>\n<div><br clear=\"all\"\/><\/p>\n<hr align=\"left\" size=\"1\" width=\"33%\"\/>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref1\" title=\"\">[1]<\/a><i>Nh\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh<\/i>l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi. Tuy c\u00f2n trong d\u1ee5c gi\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang sanh \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u00f5i Tr\u1eddi t\u00e2m t\u00e1nh hi\u1ec1n h\u00f2a h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng an nh\u00e0n ph\u00fac l\u1ea1c h\u01a1n \u1edf c\u00f5i Ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref2\" title=\"\">[2]<\/a>Xem Lumbini A Haven of Sacred Refuge, trang 119<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref3\" title=\"\">[3]<\/a><i>Hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 2 di t\u00edch Kapilavatthu<\/i>: Kpilavastu 1 (tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd S\u00e0kya b\u1ecb t\u00e0n s\u00e1t) \u1edf l\u00e0ng Tilaurakot v\u00e0 Taulihawa \u1edf Nepal, v\u00e0 Kapilavatthu 2 (sau khi d\u00f2ng h\u1ecd S\u00e0kya b\u1ecb t\u00e0n s\u00e1t) \u1edf l\u00e0ng Piprahwa v\u00e0 Ganwaria \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<i\/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref4\" title=\"\">[4]<\/a><i>Th\u00e1ng Ves\u00e0kha hay Vesak<\/i>t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi th\u00e1ng 4 hay th\u00e1ng 5 d\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u1ecbch.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref5\" title=\"\">[5]<\/a>C\u00f3 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u cho r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng <i>Cunda<\/i>l\u00e0 th\u1ee3 b\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref6\" title=\"\">[6]<\/a><i>Ch\u00e1o n\u1ea5u v\u1edbi n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en<\/i>. Theo Ph\u1eadt gi\u00e1o nguy\u00ean th\u1ee7y th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u00e1o n\u1ea5u v\u1edbi th\u1ecbt heo r\u1eebng. Theo quy\u1ec3n Buddha and the Gospel of Buddhism, trang 68, th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i &#8220;<b>truffles<\/b>&#8220;, n\u1ea5m h\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111en m\u1ecdc s\u00e2u d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t m\u00e0 lo\u00e0i heo r\u1eebng r\u1ea5t \u01b0a th\u00edch; ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00c2u Ch\u00e2u c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t th\u00edch lo\u1ea1i n\u1ea5m n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref7\" title=\"\">[7]<\/a>Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0: C\u00e1c ph\u00e1p v\u1ed1n kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p, &#8220;Kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p&#8221; c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p, Nay truy\u1ec1n c\u00e1i &#8220;kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1p&#8221;, T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref8\" title=\"\">[8]<\/a><i>Ch\u00f9a Mah\u00e0-Vihara<\/i>l\u00e0 ng\u00f4i ch\u00f9a \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean t\u1ea1i Anuradhapura \u1edf x\u1ee9 Sri Lanka (T\u00edch Lan) do \u0111\u1ea1i s\u01b0 Mah\u00ecnda, con vua Asoka, s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp n\u0103m 250 tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00e2y l\u1ecbch, sau khi Ki\u1ebft t\u1eadp Kinh \u0110i\u1ec3n l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 t\u1ea1i P\u00e0taliputta.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref9\" title=\"\">[9]<\/a>Theo quy\u1ec3n \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng V\u1ec1 X\u1ee9 Ph\u1eadt c\u1ee7a H\u00f2a Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u00edch Minh Ch\u00e2u th\u00ec th\u00e1p n\u00e0y t\u00ean Angra Chatya (Angara Cetiya).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/#_ftnref10\" title=\"\">[10]<\/a>Theo t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Kh\u1ea3o C\u1ed5 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 : N\u00e0land\u00e0 University c\u1ee7a Dr. Gop\u00e0l Sharan Singh .<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>[ad_2]<br \/>\n<br \/><a href=\"https:\/\/quangduc.com\/p157a52326\/58-bon-dong-tam-va-cac-phat-tich-tai-an-do\">Source link <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[ad_1] S\u1ef1 T\u00edch \u0110\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt Th\u00edch Ca So\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3 : Minh Thi\u1ec7n Tr\u1ea7n H\u1eefu Danh (\u1ea4n b\u1ea3n 09\/2010, c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 b\u1ed5 t\u00fac) 6- B\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ed9ng-t\u00e2m v\u00e0\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6602,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[170],"tags":[],"td_series":[],"class_list":["post-6629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-thoi-ky-duc-phat"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6629"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6629\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6629"},{"taxonomy":"td_series","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/tamhoc.org\/trang-chu\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/td_series?post=6629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}