[ad_1]
\n<\/p>\n
1- Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng<\/i><\/b>: Hi\u1ec7n nay Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng c\u00f3 hai d\u00f2ng ch\u00e1nh l\u00e0 Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n<\/i>c\u1ee7a Nam t\u00f4ng v\u00e0 T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n<\/i>c\u1ee7a B\u1eafc t\u00f4ng. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n-na (Jh\u00e0na, Dhy\u00e0na), c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 Thi\u1ec1n (Zen); Trung Hoa d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 T\u0129nh-l\u1ef1, ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng suy ngh\u0129. Thi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 hai ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 Ch\u1ec9 (Samatha)<\/i>v\u00e0 Qu\u00e1n (Vipassan\u00e0)<\/i>. N\u1ebfu \u0111i v\u00e0o chi ti\u1ebft th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec c\u00f3 6 ph\u1ea7n l\u00e0 S\u1ed5, T\u00f9y, Ch\u1ec9, Qu\u00e1n, Ho\u00e0n, T\u1ecbnh, g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 L\u1ee5c Di\u1ec7u Ph\u00e1p M\u00f4n<\/i>.<\/p>\n
a)- Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n<\/span><\/i>c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o Nguy\u00ean Th\u1ee7y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p thi\u1ec1n theo nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9c Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y. Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n gi\u00fap h\u00e0nh gi\u1ea3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb 5 tri\u1ec1n c\u00e1i (tham, s\u00e2n, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, ho\u00e0i nghi), th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp 5 thi\u1ec1n chi (t\u1ea7m, t\u1ee9, h\u1ef7, l\u1ea1c, nh\u1ea5t t\u00e2m), r\u1ed3i ti\u1ebfn tu t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc t\u1eeb S\u01a1-thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ebfn Di\u1ec7t-th\u1ecd-t\u01b0\u1edfng.<\/p>\n Ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu theo Nh\u01b0 Lai Thi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n :<\/p>\n S\u1ed5 t\u1ee9c<\/i>(\u00c0n\u00e0p\u00e0na-sati) : T\u1eadp trung \u00fd-th\u1ee9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ebfm h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra v\u00e0o. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap th\u00e2n t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n T\u00f9y t\u1ee9c<\/i>(\u00c0n\u00e0p\u00e0na-sati) : T\u1eadp trung \u00fd-th\u1ee9c theo d\u00f5i h\u01a1i th\u1edf ra v\u00e0o t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap th\u00e2n t\u00e2m an l\u1ea1c.<\/p>\n Ch\u1ec9 hay Thi\u1ec1n v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng<\/i>(Samatha) : Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eadp-trung tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t n\u01a1i<\/i>tr\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec9nh \u0111\u1ea7u, tam tinh, ch\u00f3p m\u0169i, tim, r\u1ed1n, l\u00f2ng b\u00e0n tay … Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n Qu\u00e1n hay Thi\u1ec1n minh s\u00e1t<\/i>(Vipassan\u00e0) : Tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o trong t\u00e2m b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch qu\u00e1n s\u00e1t<\/i>\u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 s\u1ef1 sanh tr\u1ee5 d\u1ecb di\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt hay m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n-t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e2m-l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u1eadt t\u01b0\u1edbng, th\u1eadt t\u00e1nh, th\u1eadt th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00f4 ng\u00e3, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.<\/p>\n Thi\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/i>(Kasina) : T\u1eadp trung ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i<\/i>nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t, n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00f3, l\u1eeda, m\u00e0u xanh, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng, m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, b\u1ea7u tr\u1eddi hay kh\u00f4ng gian, \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng hay tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 (c\u00f3 10 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u00e1n) cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00f3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u1edbng (nimitta), khi nh\u1eafm m\u1eaft l\u1ea1i v\u1eabn th\u1ea5y l\u1edd m\u1edd h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh v\u1eadt \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u01a1 t\u01b0\u1edbng (parikamma nimitta). L\u1ea7n h\u1ed3i h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u1edbng (uggaha nimitta). Cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh \u0111\u00f3 s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf v\u00e0 loan r\u1ed9ng c\u00f9ng kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ee3 t\u01b0\u1edbng (patibhaga nimitta). Qu\u00e1n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u chu bi\u1ebfn kh\u1eafp ph\u00e1p gi\u1edbi<\/i>. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c (upacara-sam\u00e0dhi), gi\u00fap thi\u1ec1n gi\u1ea3 di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb s\u00e1u th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1ee9 thi\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ng\u0169 th\u00f4ng. (Xem Vocabulaire Pali-Fran\u00e7ais des Termes Bouddhiques, trang 101-102; Buddhist Legends, quy\u1ec3n 1, trang 21-22).<\/p>\n b)- T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n<\/span><\/i>c\u1ee7a Ph\u1eadt Gi\u00e1o \u0110\u1ea1i Th\u1eeba b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb S\u01a1 T\u1ed5 Bodhidharma (B\u1ed3 \u0110\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ea1t Ma) t\u1ea1i Trung Hoa. Ng\u00e0i ch\u1ee7 tr\u01b0\u01a1ng :<\/p>\n “Gi\u00e1o ngo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec7t truy\u1ec1n,<\/p>\n “B\u1ea5t l\u1eadp v\u0103n t\u1ef1,<\/p>\n “Tr\u1ef1c ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n T\u00e2m,<\/p>\n “Ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt.<\/p>\n Mu\u1ed1n tu ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ecd gi\u00e1o v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t Thi\u1ec1n s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eafc, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn thi\u1ec1n sinh b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 la h\u00e9t, \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1eadp, b\u1eaft qu\u00e9t l\u00e1 …, ho\u1eb7c b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t c\u1eed ch\u1ec9 ho\u1eb7c l\u1eddi n\u00f3i ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng \u00e1n hay tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea7u, nh\u1eb1m k\u00edch kh\u1edfi tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c n\u1eb1m s\u00e2u trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n sinh<\/i>, gi\u00fap thi\u1ec1n sinh tr\u1ef1c nh\u1eadn Ch\u00e2n l\u00fd. T\u1ed5 S\u01b0 Thi\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u01a1i \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ed9t m\u1ed1i nghi (nghi-t\u00ecnh) s\u00e2u \u0111\u1eadm trong t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n sinh<\/i>, l\u00e0m cho thi\u1ec1n sinh ph\u1ea3i thao th\u1ee9c m\u00e3i v\u1edbi m\u1ed1i nghi \u0111\u00f3 (\u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eeb v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o); \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00e2m th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a thi\u1ec1n sinh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00edn mu\u1ed3i, \u00f4ng Th\u1ea7y ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c hay m\u1ed9t l\u1eddi n\u00f3i c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ee7 l\u00e0m cho thi\u1ec1n sinh b\u1eebng ng\u1ed9 (ki\u1ebfn t\u00e1nh).<\/p>\n 2- M\u1eadt t\u00f4ng<\/i><\/b>: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n :<\/p>\n Th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa (Mantra)<\/i>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa (m\u1eadt ng\u1eef) \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n M\u1eadt \u1ea5n (Mudra)<\/i>: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng t\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a hai tay (b\u1eaft \u1ea5n), v\u1eeba \u0111\u1ecdc th\u1ea7n ch\u00fa, v\u1eeba ngh\u0129 t\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c v\u1ecb Ph\u1eadt hay B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e2n mi\u1ec7ng \u00fd h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t trong \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh Kim Cang.<\/p>\n Thi\u1ec1n ngo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ecbnh (Kasina)<\/i>: Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3ng \u1edf ph\u1ea7n Thi\u1ec1n t\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n 3- T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9 t\u00f4ng<\/i><\/b>: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh T\u00edn th\u00e2m, Nguy\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft, H\u00e0nh chuy\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n :<\/p>\n Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt (Buddhanussati)<\/i>: Mi\u1ec7ng ni\u1ec7m Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0, tay l\u1ea7n chu\u1ed7i, t\u00e2m qu\u00e1n t\u01b0\u1edfng Ph\u1eadt A Di \u0110\u00e0 v\u00e0 nguy\u1ec7n th\u00e1c sanh v\u1ec1 c\u00f5i T\u1ecbnh \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n Ni\u1ec7m Ph\u00e1p (Dhammanussati)<\/i>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecdc t\u1ee5ng kinh V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd Ph\u1eadt, kinh Qu\u00e1n Ph\u1eadt V\u00f4 L\u01b0\u1ee3ng Th\u1ecd v\u00e0 kinh A Di \u0110\u00e0.<\/p>\n Ni\u1ec7m T\u0103ng (Sanghanussati)<\/i>: Th\u01b0\u1eddng cung k\u00ednh c\u00fang d\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u01b0 T\u0103ng Ni \u0111\u1ec3 gieo nh\u00e2n l\u00e0nh, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n (37 ph\u1ea9m tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ea1o, bodhipakkhika dhamma)<\/p>\n 4 \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i thi\u1ec1n qu\u00e1n<\/i><\/b>(T\u1ee9 Ni\u1ec7m X\u1ee9) :<\/p>\n 1- Th\u00e2n b\u1ea5t t\u1ecbnh<\/i>: Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu 32 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, 9 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00e0n ho\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u00f5 th\u00e2n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea7y ch\u1ea5t d\u01a1 b\u1ea9n, h\u00f4i th\u00fai, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u00e1ng qu\u00fd tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m tr\u1eeb tham d\u1ee5c, tr\u1eeb ch\u1ea5p th\u00e2n l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, tr\u1eeb ng\u00e3 \u00e1i.<\/p>\n 2- Th\u1ecd l\u00e0 kh\u1ed5<\/i>: Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c s\u01b0\u1edbng, kh\u1ed5, ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng s\u01b0\u1edbng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed5, r\u1ed1t cu\u1ed9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sanh phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 \u0111au kh\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec \u00edt. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m tr\u1eeb tham, \u00e1i v\u00e0 th\u1ee7.<\/p>\n 3- T\u00e2m v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/i>: Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m con ng\u01b0\u1eddi lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n bi\u1ebfn chuy\u1ec3n, khi vui khi bu\u1ed3n, khi h\u00f2a khi gi\u1eadn, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m tr\u1eeb ch\u1ea5p t\u00e2m l\u00e0 ng\u00e3, l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n 4- Ph\u00e1p v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/i>: Qu\u00e1n chi\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng, bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u00f4n theo c\u00e1c chu k\u1ef3 th\u00e0nh tr\u1ee5 ho\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0o l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ea1i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ng\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m m\u1edf mang tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 tr\u1eeb l\u00f2ng ham mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i si\u00eang n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh<\/i><\/b>(T\u1ee9 Ch\u00e1nh C\u1ea7n) :<\/p>\n 1- N\u0103ng l\u00e0m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh ch\u01b0a sanh.<\/p>\n 2- N\u0103ng l\u00e0m l\u1edbn m\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e3 sanh.<\/p>\n 3- N\u0103ng di\u1ec7t tr\u1eeb c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 sanh.<\/p>\n 4- N\u0103ng ng\u0103n ch\u1eadn c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p \u00e1c ch\u01b0a sanh.<\/p>\n 4 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n<\/i><\/b>(T\u1ee9 Nh\u01b0 \u00dd T\u00fac) :<\/p>\n 1- D\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac<\/i>: Mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, tr\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c th\u00ec h\u00e3y l\u00e0m cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n 2- Ni\u1ec7m nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac<\/i>: Ghi nh\u1edb Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7.<\/p>\n 3- Tinh t\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac<\/i>: Si\u00eang n\u0103ng tu t\u1eadp cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n 4- T\u01b0 duy nh\u01b0 \u00fd t\u00fac<\/i>: Suy ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i suy ngh\u0129 cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n 5 c\u0103n l\u00e0nh c\u1ea7n nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng<\/i><\/b>(Ng\u0169 C\u0103n) :<\/p>\n 1- T\u00edn c\u0103n<\/i>: K\u00ednh tin Tam B\u1ea3o v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n 2- T\u1ea5n c\u0103n<\/i>: Tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n 3- Ni\u1ec7m\u00a0c\u0103n<\/i>: Lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n nh\u1edb ngh\u0129 \u0111\u1ebfn Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Tam B\u1ea3o.<\/p>\n 4- \u0110\u1ecbnh c\u0103n<\/i>: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n V\u1eafng L\u1eb7ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n 5- Tu\u1ec7 c\u0103n<\/i>: Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n Minh S\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m, Ch\u01a1n L\u00fd.<\/p>\n 5 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh trong vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp<\/i><\/b>(Ng\u0169 L\u1ef1c) :<\/p>\n Khi nu\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1ee1ng \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee9c, 5 c\u0103n l\u00e0nh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh 5 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh trong vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n 1- T\u00edn l\u1ef1c<\/i>: S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ee9c tin sau khi \u0111\u00e3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5.<\/p>\n 2- T\u1ea5n l\u1ef1c<\/i>: S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a \u00fd ch\u00ed tinh t\u1ea5n tu t\u1eadp.<\/p>\n 3- Ni\u1ec7m l\u1ef1c<\/i>: S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed nh\u1edb Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n 4- \u0110\u1ecbnh l\u1ef1c<\/i>: S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a t\u00e2m thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n 5- Tu\u1ec7 l\u1ef1c<\/i>: S\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 b\u00e1t-nh\u00e3.<\/p>\n 7 giai \u0111o\u1ea1n tu h\u00e0nh<\/i><\/b>(Th\u1ea5t Gi\u00e1c Chi) :<\/p>\n 1- Ni\u1ec7m<\/i>: H\u1ecdc h\u1ecfi gi\u00e1o l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 ghi nh\u1edb Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n ly, ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ecf.<\/p>\n 2- Tr\u1ea1ch ph\u00e1p<\/i>: S\u00e1ng su\u1ed1t ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n tu t\u1eadp h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng m\u00ecnh. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec5n ly, ly tham, \u0111o\u1ea1n di\u1ec7t, h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb b\u1ecf l\u00e0 n\u00ean l\u00e0m. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u00e1p l\u00e0m sanh tr\u01b0\u1edfng tham, s\u00e2n, h\u00f4n tr\u1ea7m, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, ho\u00e0i nghi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee9t tr\u1eeb.<\/p>\n 3- Tinh t\u1ea5n<\/i>: Si\u00eang n\u0103ng tu t\u1eadp ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn.<\/p>\n 4- H\u1ef7<\/i>: Kh\u1edfi t\u00e2m vui m\u1eebng nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c tu t\u1eadp c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p.<\/p>\n 5- Khinh an<\/i>: T\u00e2m vui v\u1ebb, nh\u1eb9 nh\u00e0ng, an \u1ed5n.<\/p>\n 6- \u0110\u1ecbnh<\/i>: Tu thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1n lo\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n 7- X\u1ea3<\/i>: Tu x\u1ea3, gi\u1eef t\u00e2m thanh t\u1ecbnh, v\u1eafng l\u1eb7ng, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n 8 th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o<\/i><\/b>(B\u00e1t Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o, hay B\u00e1t Th\u00e1nh \u0110\u1ea1o) :<\/p>\n 1- Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn<\/i>: Nh\u1eadn th\u1ee9c ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 v\u1ea1n v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3<\/i>, bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng d\u1eaby \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111au kh\u1ed5, bi\u1ebft v\u00f4 minh v\u00e0 tham \u00e1i l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a kh\u1ed5, ph\u00e1 v\u00f4 minh tr\u1eeb tham \u00e1i th\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng an l\u00e0nh h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac, bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ec7n n\u00ean l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u00e1c n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh, bi\u1ebft Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ph\u00e1 v\u00f4 minh tr\u1eeb tham \u00e1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c an l\u1ea1c thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n 2- Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0 duy<\/i>: Suy ngh\u0129 ch\u00e2n ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 T\u1ee9 Di\u1ec7u \u0110\u1ebf v\u00e0 12 Nh\u00e2n Duy\u00ean<\/i>. t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch di\u1ec7t kh\u1ed5 cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac ch\u00e2n th\u1eadt cho m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n 3- Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef<\/i>: N\u00f3i l\u1eddi h\u00f2a nh\u00e3, \u0111\u00fang s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ec3 mang \u0111\u1ebfn h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n 4- Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p<\/i>: H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; gi\u1eef cho ba nghi\u1ec7p th\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u \u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n 5- Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng<\/i>: H\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 sinh s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00fang Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, l\u1ee3i m\u00ecnh l\u1ee3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi; tr\u00e1nh s\u00e1t sanh, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n ma t\u00fay hay v\u0169 kh\u00ed, sang \u0111o\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n 6- Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n<\/i>: Si\u00eang n\u0103ng tu t\u1eadp theo Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c.<\/p>\n 7- Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m<\/i>: T\u00e2m th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n ghi nh\u1edb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh n\u00ean l\u00e0m, nh\u1edb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c n\u00ean tr\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n 8- Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/i>: An tr\u00fa trong Ch\u00e1nh Ph\u00e1p, si\u00eang n\u0103ng tu t\u1eadp thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh, tr\u00e1nh lo\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u1edfng, lo\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n Tu 8 Th\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn 4 Th\u00e1nh qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n Tu-\u0111\u00e0-ho\u00e0n<\/i>(Sot\u00e0patti): Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t Ch\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh t\u01b0-duy. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ba ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ho\u00e0i nghi.<\/p>\n T\u01b0-\u0111\u00e0-h\u00e0m<\/i>(Sakad\u00e0g\u00e0mi): Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t Ch\u00e1nh ng\u1eef v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb ba ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0 th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, ho\u00e0i nghi v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 tham, s\u00e2n, si.<\/p>\n A-na-h\u00e0m<\/i>(An\u00e0g\u00e0mi): Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t Ch\u00e1nh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh tinh t\u1ea5n. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb n\u0103m h\u1ea1 ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0 tham, s\u00e2n, th\u00e2n ki\u1ebfn, gi\u1edbi c\u1ea5m th\u1ee7, ho\u00e0i nghi.<\/p>\n A-la-h\u00e1n<\/i>(Arahatt\u00e0): Th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ea1t Ch\u00e1nh ni\u1ec7m v\u00e0 Ch\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb n\u0103m th\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n ki\u1ebft s\u1eed l\u00e0 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, v\u00f4 s\u1eafc \u00e1i, tr\u1ea1o c\u1eed, ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n, v\u00f4 minh. \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n gi\u1ea3i tho\u00e1t kh\u1ecfi sanh t\u1eed lu\u00e2n h\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n (L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 hay 6 Ba-la-m\u1eadt)<\/p>\n 1- B\u1ed1 th\u00ed<\/i>: C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft r\u00f5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec1u v\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1ed1 th\u00ed r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111\u1ebfn khi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 g\u00ec l\u00e0 m\u00ecnh hay c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh n\u1eefa. B\u1ed1 th\u00ed l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng Ch\u1ea5p C\u00f3.<\/p>\n 2- Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi<\/i>: C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 3 T\u1ee5 Gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1eeba l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1c, th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0nh, nhi\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh. Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi l\u00e0 gi\u1eef th\u00e2n, kh\u1ea9u, \u00fd thanh t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n 3- Nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c<\/i>: C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u1eadn di\u1ec7t ng\u00e3 m\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u00e2n h\u1eadn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e2m nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c tam mu\u1ed9i. Nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng Ch\u1ea5p Ng\u00e3.<\/p>\n 4- Tinh t\u1ea5n<\/i>: C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n su\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eddi si\u00eang n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh 5 ph\u00e1p m\u00f4n b\u1ed1 th\u00ed, tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c, thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7. Tinh t\u1ea5n l\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng Ch\u1ea5p Kh\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n 5-Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/i>: C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n \u0111o\u1ea1n tr\u1eeb t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 phi\u1ec1n n\u00e3o v\u00e0 v\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u1edfng, tu r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o c\u0103n vi\u00ean th\u00f4ng, \u0111\u1ebfn khi t\u00e2m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thanh t\u1ecbnh. Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 t\u00e2m b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng Kh\u00f4ng Ph\u00e2n Bi\u1ec7t.<\/p>\n 6- Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7<\/i>: C\u00e1c v\u1ecb B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t nguy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh Thi\u1ec1n minh s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ebfn khi r\u1ed1t r\u00e1o \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c V\u00f4 Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng Ch\u00e1nh \u0110\u1eb3ng Ch\u00e1nh Gi\u00e1c. Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u00e0 Kh\u00f4ng V\u01b0\u1edbng M\u1eafc.<\/p>\n Tu L\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0a \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c qu\u1ea3 v\u1ecb nh\u01b0 sau :<\/p>\n Th\u1eadp T\u00edn<\/i>: Th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n h\u1ea1nh B\u1ed1 th\u00ed.<\/p>\n Th\u1eadp Tr\u1ee5<\/i>: Th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n h\u1ea1nh Tr\u00ec gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n Th\u1eadp H\u1ea1nh<\/i>: Th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n h\u1ea1nh Nh\u1eabn nh\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n Th\u1eadp H\u1ed3i-h\u01b0\u1edbng<\/i>: Th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n h\u1ea1nh Tinh t\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n T\u1ee9 Gia-h\u1ea1nh<\/i>: Th\u1ea5m nhu\u1ea7n h\u1ea1nh Thi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n Th\u1eadp \u0110\u1ecba<\/i>: Tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 ph\u00e1t s\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n (4 t\u00e2m v\u00f4 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/p>\n 1- T\u1eeb (mett\u00e0, maitrya)<\/i>: S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ban vui cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n 2- Bi (karun\u00e0)<\/i>: S\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u1ee9u kh\u1ed5 cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang sanh.<\/p>\n 3- H\u1ef7 (mudit\u00e0)<\/i>: Vui khi th\u1ea5y ch\u00fang sanh h\u1ebft kh\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vui.<\/p>\n 4- X\u1ea3 (upekkh\u00e0)<\/i>: T\u00e2m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n an l\u1ea1c, thanh t\u1ecbnh, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb Bi H\u1ef7 X\u1ea3 l\u00e0 t\u00e2m r\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn v\u00f4 bi\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1eadc Th\u00e1nh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00f4 ng\u00e3 n\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 t\u00e2m tr\u1ea1ng kh\u1ed5 vui c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang sanh. T\u00e2m lu\u00f4n lu\u00f4n an l\u1ea1c, thanh t\u1ecbnh, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, t\u00f9y duy\u00ean ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00fang sanh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ch\u00fang sanh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb Bi H\u1ef7 X\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ch\u01a1n T\u00e2m th\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea1c, ng\u00e3, t\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n T\u1eeb Bi H\u1ef7 X\u1ea3 l\u00e0 Ni\u1ebft B\u00e0n an l\u1ea1c, thanh t\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 mu\u00f4n lo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n L\u00e0 c\u00f5i Ph\u1eadt, c\u00f5i Di\u1ec7t Th\u1ecd T\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ecbnh (Nirodha-Sam\u00e0patti), \u1edf kh\u1eafp m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i.<\/b><\/p>\n \u0110\u1ec1u tr\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh Ph\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n37 ph\u00e1p tu c\u0103n b\u1ea3n<\/h4>\n
6 ph\u00e1p tu c\u1ee7a B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/h4>\n
4 ph\u00e1p tu c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i B\u1ed3 t\u00e1t<\/h4>\n